Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 1, 1875, Page 7

THE CIITCAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MAY 1, 18756.—TWELVE PAGES. THE SOUTH. Cotton-Ralsing in West Tennes- soo, Demoralization of the Lebor-Bystem, and How It Is Produced. The Lahorer Tegarded by the Planter In Almost titee Ante-Bellum Light. o Prospeot for the Negro to @et Ahead sud Ho o Is Emigrating, Gorman and Bcandinavien Immigra- tion Dasired, but No Inducomonts Offorod. No Hope for tho Country until the Largo-Plan~ tallon Syslem Is Brokon Up, From Onr Oen Carretpondents snpmis, April 27,—From ot horrdd nighl-mae, such a8 Inevitably beseta mo whon I try & Pullman falace-car, 1 was aroeed by *Dreakfaat st the uoxt Matton, sie” 1 rubbed my oson snd looked out the carwindow, Tho splendld pratrie-region throngh whick, tho yes- ferday, tho trafn apceded, wan far behind, Bo wers (ho manifold evidencen of hrift, then everswhere abounding, Instead of the farm-houses—spruce-luok- Ing. many of thern § comfortalle, all, with frequently more .retentious residences, which dotted the Hituois Landscage, liere were THE TRADITIONAL 1.QG-CABINA, el an wore to be socn 1 Tndiana moro than twenty yenra ago, The outhuildings wero ruinous and dilap- idated, Nefther pigs nor poultry wera viaible about them. Of livo stock, at odd fnlervals, wo passed small strapgling lots of scrawny, under-nzed cattle, browalng tn the woodlands snd about tho margins of tho marshies, Occaslonally s melanclioly-soeuing muloy sbeorlied apparently i bitter meditation, or a worricr specimen of iorss-ficals than ono would find in & balf- fay's Journey In Tilinots, was scen, Thero wera fre~ quont marshy tracte slong our route, These, how- + aver, were small and detaclied, and, from {bo forma- Yon of the country, wight svidently bo ccaily dratoed, wnd, when reclimed, would be smoug the moat fortils farmielande. But nowhero did T sco diten or deain, For thie most part, however, the road (Chicago, St.Louis L Nevw Orlcana Ralioul) was rkirtcd by splendid pla- latlons, oxtending on eithor sfdo sn faraytha eyo could teach, Through thoucandsof acres of fine, gently- tolling, eandy allusial eoll, afmost aa lght as that of our prairles, but with sn admiztors ot red- dish clay, wo pused, In many places 1 noted that the surface waa denuded of the productive loam,—~as though thst had Leon wazhied off or oxhausted by lil-cultivation. Yet, in the maln, 5t & glanco It wan to ba soon this was o RICH AGUICULTURAL NEG1ON, nd had teen under cullivation for years, I observed tlot iittleof 4t was under cultivation now, o far an ontward appearances went. At s rough eatimato, loss tlian 10 per cent of tho feid-iands in view from tho traln had w5 yot Leen plowed, and very littlo plowing wen olng done, Hore and tharo waa s solilary freed- man trudging after a plow in. & alngle feld of » fara of 503 or 400 acres, ond that was the only sign of in- duatry visiblo; while thicre wero tracts of equalextent of which not an gero kad been turued by the plow, aud on whivh there was uo &fgn of life, unfess it waro a rmanglon-louse, apparently unoceupled, snd, s little \istent, a straggling lot of cabins, spparently also un- ocoupled, with noe & Lorss, wule, cow, hog, or ehicken anywhero abott. The gent!y-undulating lands aud the Droad fields had at firet momewhat ruggesicd tho pralrien through which we Lad passed tho dny before. Dut the atmosphoro of hurman activity which, in a thowsand dndsseribulile ways, porvadea the Iilinols prairies, was lackiug. Ihad lost my reckon= Ing, 03 T always do after a nigbl's unrest cu o eleeping- coach, and wes wouilering if this wero Fgept, when 1ome communiestivo possenger obacrved that we had yassed tho Tennentca line, aud were nowin THE LPLANDS COTTON COUNTRY, of which what I have neled wero my fivst glimpeos, Aftor us wretched o Ureakfazt a8 conld bo found any- whero, and &4 & moro forlorn-looking station than T ever oo unternd in all tie reglon from Nuw York o 2an Frunclzeo, 1 ssunicred into the smoking-car, Tho Peaats 2tseff, 1 ehiould br obscrved, eoomed pervaded by the general tnertin that palpably pervaded the coun~ tuy urangh srhicl {t was pasaing, At Milin, 0) mnilas fiom Monphis, wo hed divorged frow toe main fng for tho Intfer place, Nobody stemed to Lo £.#ug on tnd nobody guiting off G4 thn statlons, bt «y seemed in a hurey at uny of them, But litlle wress or mast matte? was (mkcn on of pmt off 5t by of them, and .nobody scemed 1'“(1(‘!11")1 infercated thern. Tl copincer rau Lin ongfoe In Idsurcly f.ehfon § tha conduictor coliected his fares in lelsurely fealfon,’ When tha brali bolted, bo gut aif in lesutely feuliton, nud after fu_zuch fashion, sttending to what Jitte vhan tote dcne,ond oxchanging a fow'-words with ha local gent, Who iu lelsurely faslion Rauue tered down tho ctationeplatform {o_mect Lim, the con- dtctor, with 140 oir of 8 mau who had ull the day Le. fore him and noth'nyg {n particular to do, waved Lis hand to tho englne.r.to goakead, Tho latter, after the mauner of oud who had ell the day before him and nothing §ut partieulsr to do, sturted the train, and wa rolled o, So {t was with ' tho freedinen porfera who trundind tho baggege-tructe, and EVEN WITH TIE TAGOAGE-SMASTEN UIMSLLY. Thero wuen't the sligbieat peril of buriiug of the most fragilo trenk i hia hands, o delilorately, and withi e air of a man who had nothing in perticilur to o sud tha wholo day before him, did he take un and put off tho Juggare. Thero things ell nay seem trificr, They wera, ad wearixome (00 3 but ac sharply in cor:trast were they with the bus and hu; and wrhvite, that at cvery slotion everywhera Latweon Chiceyd nud New York, or Clilcago and Han Frauclsco, tapo tho monolony of it, I cutered tha smoking-car, Among tho pasiengoia (hero wero threo colured womon, With nll thelr addiuonal clvil rights, that scenied 10 bo for them 1hs ladies’ car ; and, manifestly, thes had accepted it, a3 of course, 'za this place for tiem on tho trafn. Thelr attire, {liaugh of clieapent stuir, wan s neat_and eicanly as that of any Northern mecKanic’s wifo or daughiters on o viiting day, The . baby which tho ¢ldest of thom carried was tidily dressod, and bad becn washed and scrubbed, as tho ddles'would may, till fta vieags fairly suora fike pole Sstiod ebony, Tach {00 Loro her bita of ribbon aud eheap finery, Thoy did not resent, but they wero nota- Bly far from encouraglug, and, T obderved, did uot re- fa, tlo {nsolent famidaritics sovaral times attompt- ed by the whito brakeman and tho white train-hoy,— {ho latter of whom importod that be was from Ohia~ &0, xnd looked very Jlkoa Bouth Clurk atrees ¢ round~ er” Before 1bad timotouote more, they got off at & way-station, Oyasio wiro » couplaof negrocs whaummistakatls, 1nthe dsys of Bluvery, had beon feld-hands,—who wunistakably WERE FIELD-TIANDS NOW, The eldor, whose wcoly head was tinged with gray, atid who woro an air of gravily, someliow Eugqostive of th vary expression thiat always scemed to mo to b conveycd Dy all about n ueed-up stage-horse stiil kept In {hin'traces, inld me they wore teuding cotton * an sharca™ neat Brawnsville, s Qualiros7 "Tqueried ; how that 17 - yoU ueos, we'so got our own team, an' kee| Siracives; st we gite BALE" o tton 7" 5 . Yen, “Tliat will pay you protty well, won’t1t? What will you tuko? “Weil, I dunno, You see, wets better aff 'sn mow’ of ‘i, We'se gwine (o tend Lout 18 acres ; and Lein's ¥c'io got do mules an' keeps ourselves, wo'sa gota Lotter chunce. Dem what's gobto draw ratious, aod i's got 10 fuuaus, Lioa got, to da de Leat dey - cutl, aud bera ala’t mavy daf wania deig,” 1iried o have bim figure out what, fn’ case of an oxpecied ta make, sud whether, at tha clove of the sesson, be would_ Lave suytulug left, But Lis knowledga of figuring didn’t extond 80 far, and ull that Lis could reckon, was, that thoy two, with {5 Lelp of thio # olo women," expociud to get fur thelr sharealont threa bales ayicee, aud that, by ths timo thoy pald for thelr meatand bacon, they would ha ¥ 48" wout “pur to urr‘y et over 10 the nex* plautin®s Aighty poor aliow it s for s, and dero 't uo Cellows n {his country more forebauded dan we'se,” And with that ie wanted to know if 1 liad Leea in’ Texas, and whit clianco there might bo for likely fellows there, In responeo to furtler queniions, bo Teferrod mo toa i Up) oslte, who, he suid, wai ouc of (he_ biggeat plinieiy in that codntry, aud kept & w1ore 8% Browns. Vlle Lesides, Tue ndividual dealgnated was A BILENDID BIECTMEN ¢t iho old Boutlern typa of wien, vnly witls less of Lt 1 the Norih ia catcered tho' Boutbern rocklias, of-hard style, aud with woroths "ale_of a Lusiness mn, tal, broad-shouldered fellow, abont 40 years of age, with faca {ndicative of uctive, Dervous lu:l T8l uur And that sbout hiin to fudicate’a wan of sralrs, “In Linoiebe might have becu taken fur ono ©f 1o IBFifty class of sock-groweraand shippors such 88 wansye tle groat fuenw, Engaging in conversation with biw, I leained that man: ¢ Lh lautations wo TAsed were 1o fuct: uu thiby Lad appearad. sbandonod, 'IbW colton. voil e contiued, s+i ¥o, lght I those uplande (st big aatn seems bo waski it #ll oif, Enca (licy bavo taken to [lanting lnhclrun\nrluvww runuiiig round the kuolls, that scidom Low- ver, Youwillvce tist, I thoao plautatious, thoatiuvion bt Foukies tho cclion o wholly worked Off, and the bettom patches somehiow don't seem to have caught if or 16 160 anal o pay for cultivation, The all ibde ol n 2 gt s whero Uore wora strulai fuge v 0 ¢ 0, it Waw car terall Malution i e spulng foodscs 00 SWaY Utesulyy ** 13 THE LAND EXHAUSTED 10,88 t0 be beroud seatoration 1 ** No, wo biad this couutry aattk Beandinavians, such ks sl 44k 16 the N dios oF Yita tiosa North Catallna Yuskeos, they'd raise 'ins soitqu crops bbare nest year, It will pruduce splendid mx of clover, ind,with thosod turned under, will the Bexd serson yield & 'tlg crop of colton, But! nobod: hoco of auythiug but cotton, The Lig - hioldera ean got land cleared and fanced, at e raton of labor Lere now, for atiout $3 an scre; and the frst ear's crop, If gond, v:ill net them noarly a half-tals acre,—~aly anyhow from §10 (0 $20 an acre, aocord- g to ihe quality “of ~the moll, After thess deserted lands Diava lain fallow n while, nost of thera will again yiald crops :aud o they lot theis lio na you_aee Uicse, kmport sy to feed tholr ok, and go on cleariug, 'The rolion.sesd of & RtupoJ cpop, properly apyited, woulid farntel the sxac Suyrediont t raiee another Cron ; anil 20, whou yrope erly enliivateil, thers eolton.lands ern never Le at. hausted, Dus lobuwlg here paza sny ateution to tist, “They kel (ho ace for a rong 1o the’ ofl-nyills, randing awoy prociecly what {n wanted to kenp np tha plantss tone, and go on cleariug up now Isnds,” “ 1ty long hefare they otjiect to exliaust tho whole reglon by that procenn 77 “ Well, noludy thinka of that so long as there tn anore lund to_Le clared s and the bottom-lands, like thore of tho Tiatchle, which are a fow milen distant on thiat rito, nre ineshiauntible,” o added (hat no fer- i The pro- or had ever heen teted on {hess Jandn, o34 Vot b woar tho plautations vut and {hen open up neyr lende, T inquired whetlier bad enltivation had suyibing to o witis the exhauation of the aoll, #0f caurve, . TIE NI1G0ERS 1iavo got sich almighty fine potiona ahout thelr fres- doin thet they wot mibioit to hiuve an overeoer ot aii- i nt, LNt wnuct Ml work for themmelves, 'y at tiaey Ioarn feom the earpetsapgers aud lo thelr cliurcher,” Ad a rule, Yo can't got but five days & weok work aiit of thom, “They used {0 have Batur- dnya or Saturday afternoon L tho old times, excent in Luny reasons, for holiduy, Now thoy take it Then they live from hand tomontli, We have to furnish thom Fatiana sl teams : aud, if tho promyect {in' favuralsie, siter the crop ix undor way, anid you have furmshied ratlons for months, some morning you'll get up aud find thelt cabine desorted, They have gono ot i thi night, disconrnged At tha prospect, sud left YO 0 KAY8 the £Fp A3 best yort can, W Jieaid 4, there'a tholr d—d_ clitirch-meetings, A Nk o niot, thoy'll got up their catap-mectings Tight in flio. bunjcst aeason, whet tho crop necds fucal ol tentfon, They alwayn hold them of nighte, And, every bight, overy darkey o piantation will mount thio nulo ur Lorso that lias beew worked all day, atd rids & or 7 miles o meckng, oud ate out mearly ol night, might ofter night, for weeko ot s fime, conrse, tho anfmal can’t work after that ; nefthior can tha nigger, "Then, thoy are Just hke children, ‘thoy’ll ike as 1ot forget to water tho mulo tho next day, 1t vl unoof thlking about 17 bs bided Lupatlently, » You can't do anything with ‘em enylow, This countey will Lo worth Lothing Ll WA GET TIFM OUT OF IT, and get tho Bcaninavian and German immigration Larued Wi way, 1€ that don't Lappen, I want W get out of it mysoif,” 11ad {lio plantation-owners attemplad Lo Suduce im- miestion? Lasked, 44 Yow, but zefllior the Qormans xor Beandinavisns will stay Lore, 'They wou't live in the calins, and they want thelr charehed, and schoolk, aud eocial advanie taget, AUd you cout got thom 0 sssociate with tho niggers,” ¥ acturred to mo fo sk whether the plantation- owners sought to tnduce immigration of tho sort tiat would Le content with_the hcgro-quarters, ai what seemed fmplied as (ho roclal rtatus of clating with the nlggers.” 1 had not disclo: binlness, and Laving, i responso to biy question, stutedd that T had Intely returnied from Califorida, sud was tuking a look over the Houth, Lie had Jumped at tho concluslon that I mijght Lo ‘lookdng for & plantation, and ssked that T wauld look at scveral ho'bad forsale. Ho, instesd of pate ting tho query drectly, I remarkcd, * That's becsuso they want to Lo propriotor themiselves, I suppose. 1'v0 houri tho great land-owners i Callforata u the eame complaint about tho German hnmi- grants, Every man of (hem cowes hurs with the notlvn, they say, of becoming o rich projrie- tnr Linkelf, and of winning for Limscif, and 1is tons aud daughters, porilion secoud to nous of us, ” “avel, " Lo 1eplicd, detecting perhapa tho sarcasm, woll sell fo them, Bt then, son know, we can't spoll our plantations by sclifng Littis tracts of 40 aeres and thio like—out of tha ceatrs of them, If, now, we conld get suck follows s thosa SBcandiuavienu tbere in the Noriliwest 1o sottls Liero in cuton! »0 29 {0 buy vub s olo plantation, ot #ay alteruato 40 acra lots, they'd E Lo TIE MAKING OF TIIIA COUNTRY, aud the niizgors mbht go Ho-king down intd Arkanszs, aud to oias audtho lomer country, ahthey aré oing, " Y uutersed that the_ fettiemcnts by colonles fn the Nortliweat were tho excoption. Asa rule, the holter cluus of unuiigrants siich as Lo apoke of, and who had means to pay frotn §20 to $30 80 acre fur Lands (the tates ot whlch ho sald Weat ‘Tounessce plantations suld), wero possesscd of o Yuukoodilo self-re. lUauce, oud cach mau Jooked out for hemself, with capaciiy, too, for caring for Limscif ©equal to that of the thriftlest 'of the poople of the Nourthwest, +* Weil,” he answered, I don't know what's the mat- ey wou't cotne Liese, A few triad it, and they'va +\hat da you propose to do about 11" 1 queried, ceseion to your luboring forcs, snd the viacks, “No whoalways Lavo doue your labor, emigraling, It ALt guos on, Low do you expect Lo mwake yuur crope 77 *+0n 1 it will tako timo to acttlo that, Wo'se got to ‘wait, Lot 1tell you they've ail got t work thix year, Tlure was o short crop 1 all West Teunosse lust year, —a total fullure i muny plices, Thoy've nothing to eat tuis spriug, sad sre nughty giad to work for whate ¥er (huy can Kel. $0 are 106 tucrs, (00, = +0iirs? Whiio travh, you tean, T sippone7? You all of thcwn § they can’s holp tomuelves 3 and oarg, o coutequeiice, golng {0 linvo & Ligger erop thun for yeara, {f the seison s fuvorable; and will, henidea, raise 1noro corn aud wioat tau aver bofora 1 asked if it had occurred to the plautation-owners 1o utilize to tho utmost tho negro labor that always bo- fore had grown the crops, wos sceilmated, and under- *s100d cottou-coliure, “*TUELE'S NO USE TRYING, 1 see you don't understand tlo uiggor, They'lt work When they bave tn, a8 theg muat this €63s0n, AR KON ue tiey bave any uioncy, ihey'l ba at thoir old ways agnine—going to thelr ‘olidcal meotings and comp- meatinns, and spending their money in the towna tor Jin-cracks, Tue Lard tiies of lust year are what will Le the waklng of us this sensou, That's why you see so much good fencing along hers, They've been mighty glad (o split thie ralla und lay theta for & dollar # hundred, or to get any other work st a doilar ora dollar and & quarier a day. Next season it will bs tlie eamo thing, They 1ave nothing,” Were uny of thow acquiring jand for themselyes7” Taskeds R ' Well, mot o speak of, A very few bxd bought 1ttlo patches, Dut nobody cou'd ‘sell to them in Uitle patchos without spolling tiia plantation, Nobody elso ‘would buy the reat of it when a nigger, or two ur three niggers, Lield 10, or 20, or 40 acrea out of it And ho ulusvd the conversation with a ropetition of the stato tucut bo Lad already soveral tinies mude, that tho mate ter with tho West Touncasco cotton country wus (e utter demoralization of lavor, ‘Ihay looksd to the lard timeato correct it 1f thiat dida't, then they would Inok upon the gnme as * up,” 5 1 bivo givon somicwuat fn extenso tha views of (his my quonduin acquatntance, becauke, 4n uy utercourss with tho planters, 1 find them BE-EQHOED ON ALL BIDIAG and further, Lacuusc, on inquiry on the Cotton Ex- chango bere, 1 find thiat ho is oue of the heaviest plant- cra iu Wet Tonnosseo, shd 1s regardod as s loading yun of uls class, aud & fair oxponcut generally of tielr view of tho Industrial situation, With reforence to what follows, Lis utterances mway be found of siguift- canco In mauy aspects of tho question, os to what jirag- Tezs 18 boing made toward restoration'of the Industries of this section of the Bouth, aud what will by the vut~ ¢como of t, ] From Miln to Memphin the aspoct of the country ‘was unchanged in auy juaterisl particular, though the topography is somewhat varied, There was the satne mugaificont country, ihe same abaeuce of manifesta. tions of activity aud entorprisgy the sxue all-rervadivg atmosphiero . of languor and docsy,. Tho Weat Eflmfiln ‘plantor’s ' phrase, ‘' demoralieation of T, was thlhl\ll’ relative onl, aud ibly ained whoily to Lis pecullar uotious of wh ould be, the organization of labor, since he Lind wtaled more work wa bajug done iliau for yoars before, To oo accustomed to tho wanifestations of indualry overywhors visible theoughout the Northwest, what would moat uaturally occur was, that all that was lacking to transform this region fulo oue of the wmost tlot g 10 the country was, that IT HHOULD 1% POPULATED, ‘Turn looao here & few thiousand farmers from Ifinols, Tows, Blichigan, or Minnesota, even wilhout knowl- sdge of the modo of aultur, without cattly, niules, or horses, Larring only the begyarly Iop berot be eten, and no nisn who has traversed ‘either of thows Statos cauld doult t0 what account they would turn the great natural resources of West ‘Cennesuce, out of whica, a8 lmaw {1, wih tho Jalences of pleuting, with not s white nien (sven of white trash) to La scen i1 a etretch of abont 10J milen, at work,—out'of whicl, planters and cottan-fuctorw all iell, they'expect o produce, for this seion, an wwually birgo crop, rrived at demnybiv, 1 naturlly sought Information s\ those centren of Informativn everywlere,—ike -where, a8 reproscutative of Tk a8 recelved very cordially, - After writeza liad gonerally improwod upon me Incapacity of Lo negroes, tiolr unthrift ly runation st el times, without regurd 10 tho Hiness of caudidates, o voto {hin ticket labelod straight Republican bl Lacauso by (tho megroon) be- Hoves that bk for that party thoy would b4 pestl of being restorod to Slavery, 1 visited the Cotton Ex- chiauge, i pursult of information of more practical vuiue, ' Planters, cotton fuctors, sad brakers, sll con- L tho sapoftof tho ylanter T bad met’ on the trams A &wa‘mp it expuciod, and fof the same Feasou} niggors hud to work this season; it was WORK OB STARVE with them now, and, of course, they chore the former, Last year's fatluro of tha crop’ (t0s xocepled entimste i3, tliat, for West Tennarsco, Norih Misstanipl, Nopth- era Alabama, snd Ark: north of the Arkeusss, the CEu Wi toarly 404,000 bulcs, oF $14,00,000 aort) had Drotight tho negroce to this ‘alternative, Bo, thuugh there lins Lean an sditted dliuinution of3) pr st tho availubla laloriug forca ln Wot Tenudukco durivg tiq past twelvo wonils, and 8 per cent dicrease in Northern Alabanis, tho yJckd is sxpocted to e greater, * You, eo,” suld'vzo of (ke hesviest cortou-brokerd 1n this clty, * tlis negroes Are geiting aver the notion that tho.Faldera) Uoverument 14 somebiow golug ta tako f thew, Thoy ure fudiugout that politica dou't ud thei toeir freedom means freodotu to work or Teaw fhat Lo was rehcarsing the ssmo atory, snd Inm“:,fl"“ with— 5 ¢ Wull, aftor they have worked and escaped tion, will they rewsiu hero to encounder ths like atlve or will they go on mlr.unu s fast a8 {hoy gon getawny And, € tiey coutiie 100y aud, 88y have sdmilted, you cau'l fuduca mmigration on the terma you offer, whiat wre you gotug tado with # coun try in which the laboriug force is steadily diminbibe vidently behadut )xondmfl the conundrum in tuatagpect, s patised fur s mouicuty sud ald ;. 4+ You say you don't care a fig for our politics ; that you want to kuow what we are dolng toward restors. tlon of the fudustrios aud wstcria) prosperity of the Bouth, Now, let metell you,one reason the legroca are omigratisg 19, that thay ste .o AFUAID TO BRMALY In a State ‘where the whito can outvol The mose lguoraut of. mupremacy mests thelr . R S e W nturu © to Blavery, Tho tefter-nformed look upon ft an_equivalent tothat, They boliva thal tha Federsl Government in o1l tint krepn them from It now ; and, for fear of a change, tuey now feol like flocking to Misalasippt and elsewiiere Houlh, whers thoy azpect to outnumber the wiites, sud 20 protect themaclvos, , in fact, i noeded o rentnure them, in & Democratia Natjonal Adwiniatration fu 1977, that they may ko that a Do ;C[‘!:IHD yictory does nnt mean I{fl restoration of aver. TG0 hob amila at. hia aperic, eithar did T care 10 [rovoke 8 discursion, 1 ouly wanted information ro remarked © J * You nay necemsity forces i, negroes lo work, Tt occurs 1o ma to ank, iTave the plantation-uwnern teatad o atcacy of boldiog out Inducementa to them to werk? 1fave oppértunity and encouragement hieen {i0ld out ta them. fo acquire lands for hemacives 1 Itave they Lecu encouraged to #ave their carnings, and 10 Invost them hiera in what will pive them o fized fi- toreatin your Ktate? If a niyger ssvet $i)a voar, you knox iU ls a0 much added 10 the available capdtal of Weat Tennessce, Just s though ha were s banker or 1acrshant 71 It wan tlin Iargest spacch T liad madant lilm, To that tfmo Ilind liatened, only ocearlonally making & Auggeation to draw it 'out, ffo pondered yraveiy s monient then salilz I geo 10U NON'T UNDERSTAND THE NEGRD, * Tho carpet-bagyers ansd proachiora get hold of him, and fill 1 Lind with notions about his keeping bouss snd iettiug sioug without allowing anybady to direct his Jabar,—i*Lows " Lfu,—aud W can't do aayiny it mob ave you trtel 7" 0L (hero fe no use of trying, They follow the orm and prsachers,” aud with luat e drop- Ou the eame ubject T soundart & leading wholesalo merchait, & Connerticnt man, but who had been in buslness liera mors than thirty yeard, Hafd ho *Buppone tlie hands in s New England cotton-fec- tory aliould each Insint on running his own Apinning. Jeriney nr loom without nubmitting to tha ordors of tho uperiuteudant : to delermine st Lis uwn plessure what turend he would pin or what fabric weave,—how 'd suy mill-owner run his worke on_puch b ‘liat's about what the negroes ank of the plauta- tlon-owners, They want to bo their own masters; work whien they picess and as they ploase, and, whei nycnd thetr money for foolbl « . the nest year, exrect tha piantatton ruish supplics aud carry thein through, Tdidn't ark Lim whather the auslogy Leld goid; whether, in working 8 entton plantation, there waa anyihing ltke & eliviee of the product Jeft to be detere mined by the 1aan who did the work; nor w et tho product of the B, 6, or 7 aci “iended © by one hand In suy wiso aifected the product of the labor of guolher hand ou. another b, 6, or 7acrs cotton- atel, But, in responss 1o indquiries, e statod that he cotton plantations conld Lo womked fu 10-acte tract aa firofitably o fn tracts of teu hundred and that the nugroes, a1 to cotton-growing, were REALLY BKILLLD LABOLLRS, And when 1 propoutided to him, as T did to (Lo others, why no effort equal to the eniergency was mads to fme pruve the character of the negro labor, to tzach them thrift, and to offer inducements that would cultivateit, hu refurncé the mmo answor ¢ *1 peo you don't know tue negro characler, Under the old system, {hey were made to work by the over- meers} they wotk now when necesuity compels them.” 1 remurked that, as the negroes wouldu't work ex- copt when neseasity compelind tlem, and s (hoy wire loaving the iulo nd uo Immigranta vore cuming (o take fhiolr place, it ocentrred to mo it would Le of ine terest to bear how much wera geling ready 1o 0o 107 thonisclves, +Thn fact fr," fi0 fasd; * ho property-oxTers here havo not been {n the abit of working. = Tuoy dldn', in fact, kuow Low to munage thelr own plantations, vut tarned themover to overaoors, many of whon wore Yaukees, sud the tlaves wery ‘worked by (linm, ‘Tho sous of the plonters expected to go on um thelr fathers had done, Bincs the War, (hose of them wha 1i2d_ oatates left liava loasod them or let them out on slares, or have attempted to go iuto business or enter {ho profeasions, There are, iowever, somo excoptions ong Lo young men, whoare d.sjoned to tuke hold and bring order ont of the prosent chaotle condition. But it wiil take time to do {t." 1€ T understand sor, thén, (o labor-supply fa di- minishing, nnd, while 1his gors on, notody makes on effart to retain, snd utilize shd improve TUC LADUR THAT RUILT TP Till8 REGION, and upon which, in fact, it wholo fudustrial systom Ry depends 2" 1t always been eo, When tho inferior raco fs brought into competition with tho supericr, the in- forior auccumba.” - And, with that, ho_ divorged into & discusalon of tue question from thie ante-bellum, pro- slavory atandpaint, aad T bado bim ook morntn, In proscouting such inquirios a3 _fudicaled I was re- ferred to tho colfon-factors and commission.mer- chunts, # If you want 10 got at the outcoms of things here, you 1must auk them,” sald a plantar, Protty much all tlie plantatione, and, in effoct, tho cntire* growing crops, aro mortgaged 10 them for supplies, aud they aro now “ currying " the planters genorally, Accord- ingly I called tipo ono of tha Leaviest cotionsfactora in aemphis, whoeo firm, T was fuforniod, was carrsing more Lig plantations than auy otber in the city, Baid 18 # Tho planter’ taik aboat the demoralization of Ia- bor fe shicer nonscuse, The proof of it is, that the crops for 1838, 1t 11 conceded, unless the se.son ba es~ peclally unfavorable, will reach 4,041,000 bales, jerhaps 4,500,000, The negroe whites are working alen,’ # What, then, do they mean by the demoralization of Iabor 71" 1 aaked, of the worlk {lie Tonuossesns ro all at work, and tiie poor W Tospeak piafaly, it mesus that (ho plantatlo owners kuow that, in tho cotion lauls, {hey Lave ilis mst ) rofliable fafm-property in the world § thiat they want to hogd it aud MAER ALL THE PROFITH OFF I and that they can't do cither. Binco the' War {hoy Liavs -been earried by the factors’ and . cominiisione mct, who havo furnished all the plantation sup- plics, - and walted tl the cotton was picked for tho pay. List year wo 0 carred ttom. Tho crop falled largely, and, without having got oir yuy, wo aro carrying thein fof. this yea, fur- nishing brésdatulls, bacon, corn, feod, sto.” Wo take tho sk of fafluro of tho crop, and chiargs them on thelr Dilla 1 ror cent & mouth Wnti} paymont, By the time the crop is mazketod, on lcat yoar's bills thoy will 0wo au averags of 13 per cent fulevest; on this yoar's, sbout G, Thoy advanco Kupplios, of ¢ Futions,! to 16 Degracs, who, un. cit ing ab thy clos of tho swean, will find themscives 1kinned, Tho negroes huva not et loarned tho value of # doilar, it thoy are learning t. Tuny aro learning, oo, thiat thero's small proapect of thelr gotting shead bere, und thex rre leaving for Misa(saipp}_sutl Atkanszs nnd the low:r country, Wheu the plautas talk sbout wanliug o luduce imnit- rotion, Uy moan they want.labor that will work for them A8 THE NEGROES WAYE DONE, The last thing they want to do fu to"sell thetr plant: Unns, Tuey went laborers to work them for the plan- taticn-owuers’ proft, ~Thoy aro not reads ta put up coltagos ich s white laborers would bs willing to live in, nor do they waut white labor {0 come iu Lere ou wuch terma that tho Iaborers will became thie owne era of tho cotton lande.” 1o thicy suproso that they can atiract while Iahar hero exceit by nut only offering such inducementr, but by, I Cact, presonting prociuely such opporiuule ties 24 you stulo they do not mean ta extond 7" “1Fhat they want to do iy precisely what T have stated, Homo of thom—moet of them, n fact—would #cll alteruato 40-acre tracts of thelr plautations, pro- vided imuigrants came in colonles sufiiclent to take, :luy.,lull, athird, or even & quarter, of & planta on,” #In short, thien, whiat they want fa a clses of Iabore ers who will do the work anil let them (the pntation sawnere) pockot tha profita 2" ; *That's about it “ And how long can these plantation.ownern hold on to their 1snds while tho commislon-tien snd fuctors carry them, and they wait for the {mmigration that will accept the hopeless prospect they oifory”. g 3y luterlocitor emlled {u 8 pecullar fasblon, and wald: - “ The commission-merobants and factors who fur. nlsh the supplics now OWN PRETTY MUCIT ALL TITE COUNTRY, 1f thoy cliosa to closs it vut, Dut they don't wans the planistfons i€ ey cau fot iho souey any otlier woy. t will tako harder times than wo have yet experienced 10 foroe tho piautation-owners 1o soll, ‘It will tako two or three bad keasons in auccesnion to do it, For, even ou the preecnt fovg-credit system, thoy make, when (Lierals & crop, from $10 o €25 yer ‘ser out of the Iatid planted ; und if anywhere.else in this country you can show 3 yearly crop that pays that to a land- awner, aimply for rontal of his Lnd, I don't-kaow whers'vou will fird 18, Further conversation with lim elicited the facts which possibly explain the dissatisfaition of the negroes, and why, 88 1 learned ou sil sldes, they aro lm!urltlnf Tapidly an they osn get sway. ‘Tha prouct of the labor of ono man and bix muls is from threa 1o five bales for the seanon, which includes o pioking, Uoyinuing from about is iot of April 10 thio 10t or 35th of 34y, arcording to the season, the work {s niot endnd unili Dacember or Jannary ¢ and, in the bottow-lauds, picking ooniinues aa lute ‘a8 March, Fhe yle!dd per acre, of course, varies, accarding to tha «qualfty of the soll, from & half to oo snd a balf beles per acre,—the lalter, according o he iuformstion given mé, belng the product of the best bottow-lands. ‘I'ie negrowho oW his mule,—as perhops a9 many as 20 gor cent of (how do,—and feeda It himsclf, gets uatt the'erap ; withaut the mule,ie gein one-third, Besides the cotton, Lio ralsos slio un shares, & fow scres of corn,—sngugl, or bis ahare (o fecd Lo mule, and, if thio yiold be fafr, to farcish meal for ks fanfly, iie 1 mule-food are sdvanced, durlng the lanter, (o whoun they bave, becn fur- by the fxotor o the 1 per cent per month fntere cat crudif, which, of courae, 1s chargoi aganst the ne- ro, At il und'of tho soado, besides the product of is cornepatoh, be 10gro Las from ona snd s half to two and s balf hales for his shere, worlb, st the glu-houss, from ~ $60 to per bu-} or, fn all, from $10 lo $1%, which ta tho frdt of the long, bard lubor of the season—pro- ¥ided tho crop turna out well, Tho planter, for hls zental, recclvea {rowm one-fourth to throe-fourths of & bale per acre, or from §.0 to $50, from which is to ba deductod onfy tho lovses through his ruluous system of crodil-supply advances, fs s, and jaxes, which, aa atated, leavew L, wit wiprovideuce, frum st least $16 o §.5 per acre net, Buch UNEQUAL DISTAIBUTION OF TUL PRODCUT OF LABOR, aluce the extiuction of Slavery, it occurs to wme, 1 withont s paraliel elsewhers {n Lo gricuttural regions of thla country, Geaniing that whlio laborers could, in this latitude, enduru this work of tho sultry months in the cotton-field § that they would produce 2 per cent more fur each man's abor § thiat thoy could be fa« dueed to quarter themaelves {n “tho nogro cablus on ths plautatious, snd subsist on bacon and corn-bresd, —whero, tbroughout the United Htates, can white la” Dorens be found who will do ft for from $118 to $I83 par s, and take the chances of fallure of tho crop 5 And that {8 precisely the problem which the platers hore ovldeutly will not ponder, While the laboring population 14 drifting away, they wal for bmmiyration Tt 'l smibrace suety krdipect as b Djures disclose, aud for immigrants who be content (o be, in fact, PLANTATION-HANDE YOR LIFE, living on bacou and cora-bread, in log cabins, and ' L& content :::h such soctal status'sa {a aocorded plavts- tonhan 1 havo been refuctant to draw auch eonclustons, sud Bave fail that tho baut service L could seuder the ihou- sauds of resders cf Tux Toluunk was tq reyory with fidelity the facts reiating to the sltoation here,-ss I fiud them, leaving the reador fo make Lis owy dedyo- Hous therefrom, Fur that reason, Ilave set out ab Aoma length the visws of some nf the rapresentative men, with many of whom I hava miuzind, Thore viewn are the views generally entertatuer Lore by tha planters, merchanis, cotton=factars, awd “mon. eyod clasas, If they indicate anyibing, 18, that b ia the fized purpcso of “ha proprietory interett, within A radtus of, s i froin this city, to maintain the old' nlsnta. t0n system, withont slavery In name, hut assizning 19 the laboring classes such position of hupelovs drdgery an o {ree white men I thia_conntry, Int it he tritvted, will accent a8 miteh prefermabia 4o flavers, and which'even tho lote siaves, deey ite tueir local ala tachments, sceliruation, and a3sn-iatluis, lave detec mined ey will accp only upoti compuision of dire Decesdity, The prevailing despondency sbout tho demoraliza. ton of iabor signifies hothing but deapondancy at thia datermination of the frecdmen to aecept Lo such ot 8 % offered them by the great Ianded proprietiry in- taroat, Toiflica an political traubles heve nothiag to do with it. They u.lr’nhaul 188t tronbles occarivn. sily, it sioheds hore has eny palitie:d grievances of ta [resent toreoount. Ona heseamora cf (hntany day i Culvego, Itace-prejudice han noths with {t, §n far aa after the shareat dn have Luen abie to detoct, the colarel w plno for the erfren to thelr It mistr nur do the rislg genorsilon of Llack o the bandsof tiulr former msatcra’ dangider, any e, Theyroblem ari-es who'i; on of the former planters atlstocracy o maintain themacives ax TIE COTTON-LAND ARISTOCRACY, an nenrly afier the atyle of the alil-tima cottotlon posslule, Nca of the iype of Juob Biravy, or Al ander, Gr allirr of the great landed.catale 1 roprietura of Hiinots, snlght partiaily succecd in this, and, at the ramo time, siford thefe workmen full sud falr op- [ortuntty o hemuelvet to becoma proprietors, O a1uls the annual product of which, if properly eultie vated, {2 wortl frotn $43 to $103 per acze, that e rtalnly would scem posnivle, Dut With planters @ carried” at 1 367 ecnt a month By the factors, with tho lalorcra 40 catried by tho planters, 80 with' no hapeful prosycet before tio latter, It 14 timporsille, Atheu tho yiauters aud fuckura com|lajo of the demoralization of labor, thoy confrsx it, Tho demoralization of lalor o8 to which 1 have diligently souqut information birra con- nfata i e foct tat the froedman wania tolabor fur himaelf, instsad of under charge of su uverecer: tuat 31 or religlons jnatiucls, or whateior they may be, promja him to go lo cami-meotiugs sud Lo clirc ¢ S0 that, When e wanth £0 g0, Dt 00T, #VAn ot cont of working but, say, 10 houra per diy msiead of 14, Pon. #1bl5 ho warics Umein smusemcnt; and, since hia amusement, if amusement it cat b called, enneiat in religious meclioga and poliical gathorings, quile probably ho wastcs {imo ot them,—just as the Garman laborr might be safd to waste ‘tme at his ‘Turnfosts aud Saengerfests, snd in hin yoiitical meet- inga and rocis] gatheringe; or the Irish Liburer wartes time 1a bis socleties and parudes, Thon the nego lisa bad put ioto Lis head, at bis chureher, e, tho uo aenwieal fdea that Le should kecp houss for uimself ; in platu Baxon, that he FUOULD ACQUIRE A TIOUE, Tifch fmplica something“mora (hun tie nero.quar- tets of the pauiution, HIs wife, t00,—~tho niyyer. women, as the plauters dosignate Licin,—has got tlo notion fnto ber bead that aho should hot work in the cotton.fields §f she ¢an Liolp it, thougl already I Lase seeu ueyro women planting—probubly bec could kot helpit, Sambo _acquiescen $u noion fn (Lin regurd, very mucly, it would ssom, ax aug free white man in Tiinols would acquicace it &t it reat tLst Lis wife shonld not be 8 field-hand, ~Arnd Rambo aud nfs wife ars not particular nbout working their # pickaninnies " ju thocotton-field, Furthier, the women 1ridulzs In Lits of finors ond ribbon, and ticy sll, men aud women, whl qulé work 1o o o io circus, pretty much’as they willn o Nortuweetern faruiug sottiement, Audall tot fn raitl on the scorm (and it 18 reeated with damnable ftaration here) is, that, a8 & freedman, the hegro won't Work &% ho wan worked by the ovirsear; that Lie has now uspirations, wants to make more moneg, apot:d more mauey, aud Kvo o8 be- fitn a freedman, Ifenco the brlf-coucealed exuitation Liete overy where detected At tho fact that the neyro this searon s to work, The wkole indusiral and 8 clal stru ture, hero a4 elsewhere, 18- confossedls based u}on tle fact that SOMEBODY WORES, The enrlous feature about it Is, that, fn )l discussions o thie probiem, the only being ‘confdered as to do the work §i th negro, or tho omigrant who will, as ex- plalued, tako o flaco now nasigued tho negro, The 3 o working § btk no- Looe Wil trany it s asid, ara ody mentions {hat fact as of consequenca; and the nelf-evident fact is, that tho West Tenneracesn doesn't ‘work in the cotton-fleld, and under no cirenmstances couzemplales doing go. Whilo tho only availal1s Jaboria dnfiingawas, o wudls for the comng of the Imuigrauts, w1 dow't cotne, (0 work for bim, Meanwhile, U uor groen, Lrompted by this instinet of eelf-preservation, sad doably-consious of thelr {ncspacity to cope wit o coltolandad-moopoly arstosracs, are busies: Ug aWay. Svor tiat ol tne prospet for. thin region would Le dreary enough, But it 18 not all. Though what haa been il 18 frue of the yast preponderting planta- tiow ownlug sud the suxifary meresutlle intorest, “There o olber elements 8t wark wiicig: lent prom: {ro solutiun of thix problom, Thie ad<t plantatlon- owuers, with thelr long-credli ayatom uud carelovs cul. tivation, are slowly hut aurely belug compeilod, by strens of circumatances, to relinquisy their bold on tho cotton-Linds, Tho factors wlil gradually be com- pelled to foracloso tho morigiges on plantalions on which there is & failuro of tho crop, Ths plinters thomselves, to avert such calomity, aro—in vory rare Linstances, 1t is true—relling lttia patches to tho ne- Kgroea; atd, more froquenly, whole plantations are it changing hands, thouga that Is of comparatively rars occurrence alao, The small planters—President Gale Aresth, of the Catton Exchango, informs me—are tak- ing activo meanres o arreat tu emigration of the ne- groos, whiich thoy realizs ia : DEPRIVING THE OQUNTRY OF ITH BLOOD. . Toestly the omigration, shonid & contine, wil t1 avorswhera olee, Lring jta own romedy, Tue demand for lavor will go on increasing ti the negro will be affered precisely such inducements o3 are now withe hild, and will oarn such wages a3 whi easble Lim to acquire 1ho home which be sets up in_housekeeping to got; to wholls relleve Lia wifs and tho plckaninnios from labor in’ the cotton-feld ; to furnish thom their little fincries ; to go ahead supporlinz his churches and calliyating his politics ; and uitimately to buy Lis own 10, of 20, or 40 acres, or lurger, plantation, Tuat will by ntter the great plantation-owners linge boen planted 4 foet under ground or wald out by the Bherifr, I fear, RYIIL Luxnry of o Eronch Actross. Paris Corrervondence Loston Gazetls, Havo you hoard that Mlle. Lasaong (T am sure vou romember this piguant actress of the Palais oyal) came a8 noar being burnsd ad it s posai- ble for an icoborg to be burned ? I {ostance the conflagration in Mlle. Lassong’s rooma just to let you see the Insolent luxury in which these creatures livo, You know nsan actrous she 18 touth-rato, a8 a boauty she is sevonth-rgte. And yot her furniturs cost over 8100,0001 Suo Lad s dressing-gown of Mechiines lace and smbrold- ory which cont 4,003 &3,000 worth of furwj thirty drcssos, tho cheapest of which cost 2400, gold; all her slirta wero of lace: her ' shects wors so flns you conld bave run them through a bride's. ning, and the embroidery on thom mote than doubled the cost of {ho linon, Hor bed-chamber was in the Re- vival atyls, and was lined, walls and celling, with rod dsmask eilit, wadded and hand ombroidered. Her bed was 7 foot long by G foot wide, waos glucd on a platform of pallssandro, covered with mvrun ¢arnets. The bed cortoins wero lace, Coutly cflimm' bronses, statuottes, carved ivory, Chinego and Japanbse_curiosities, ouon wvers earthenwaro, Limoges cnamels, Sevres and Baxony porcelain, Qobelins ond Boauvain tapastry, wera to be found everywlhere, The coiling of tho boudoir was a picca of om- broldery rapresenting Aote's Triumphy it cost 4,000, The diufpg-room was of old osk and Gouoese velvet. . VERY LIFE- " Mining in Russine The Golosgives some_interextiug statistiea on minerals aud wining in Russia, sud, sccordiug ta this autliortty, tho State fouudrion kmoliod 20,400 tong of bronze, 9,800 tous of fron, and ohly 17 tons of steel, during 18741 1,000 Lons welght of articles in bronge wote cast, B,600 tonu weight of ammubition, 150 tons weight of stoel cannan, and 300 tons of woo eanuon. Lesd and zine wera amelted In the quantition of 350 and 110 lous uupantl‘aly. Ous bundred aud thuty tors of irou articles, 170 tona of slicot iron, and £1,000 worth of iron_for shinbullding purposcs wers also made, besidaa 46,700 eide arms, 20,000 vlades, and G,725 guu-baireis. Tha procuction of the private |nllin£ eutablishments » estis mated &t, in the Ural Distiict, 220,000 fona of bronze, 17,000 tons of iron, 1,150 tons stool, aud 1,700 tous of copper; in the Mosoiw Dia- talot, £6,000 tons of bronzo and 80,503 ions of fron. Bonth Rtusatan yroduce Isjostimateat 7,100 tons of broore snd 7,500 tous of lrou;that of the Poligh l'rovinces at 29,000 tons of brouze, 19,300 tons of iron, and 2,200 tons of zlo; and, luatly, ths Canol figares during tly corro. spoudiug period Liave baen 730 tons of coppor, Gold to th amount of 30 tons has been atracted duning 1874, oxcluding the Altst and Nirchinsk Districts, which {uhl & yoarly avorags d 3 tons, ‘tho total smount of coil aud antbraoib fo 1874 18 glven at 1,400,000 tovs, et 2 End ef the Coal-Mine Lockdut in . Bouth Wales. ‘Llie cable reports the end of the Ick-out of tho coal-miners in South Wales. The strugglo Lins beon a very protrsoted and cotly one. There was firat & minery’ atrike of thre mooths! duration. In January last, the Con Owners' Association offored, as & basis of setlomont, s reduction of 10 per cent on the ratea palin 1874, That was refused, and & general lockout fole lowod, 80 a4 to bring the men to termsby atop- ping tho aid fumufiznd to the strken by tho minerd who contibusd a¥ work. Theitoppage of the anpply of coal caused the stoppae of the iron works of Soyth Wales, sud fnihis woy st least 70,000 mon wers thran oat of smployment by the miners' striln A faw wooks sgotlio meu showed @ dispositior to conie toterms. Tue masters sgroed to cosider tho roposal made Jn Jsnoary an open aa up to glomhy last, ug » veturn of tiy men by that time, they expressed thair resolutos to lne st on &_greater reduction than 10 pa.cent, al- leging that' the fall in valuesof coal and iron would justify a reduction in wagsao 80 !m' cout. 1t would appear that a wock's ksitation has cost the men 5 per cent, since it 18 anounced that the men will retura to work ot Mqnday :‘:n on ‘lil“hlw“ of “lo per canb n&wm. l;l:l:: oy coald have come to terms gu Mooy lasd a xc’d\lcuvu of ouly 10 per écat. > FOREIGN. Destruction of SBugar Plantations by Caban Troops. Belgium Forwards Another Foto to Qarmany. Proposed German Leglslation for the Abolition of Itellglous Orders, cuza, TMPOATANT DEFEAT UF THE SPANIARDS. Cnrespondenca New Vure Titoune, Tavasa, Apni 22.—Tho First Battalion of Vol- onteers that laft Havana Inet Friday haa already been under fira. Tho insurgents wero awalting it in the vicinity of Macagoa, aud in the engaze- mant killed fifty mon. The rest took refue in Macagus, Of courro fhls Lias not becn pub- Huhod In tho mewspupers, ud tho authorities have triod to suppremsit; but it las come through s trustworthy sourczo, and is known all through the island. As uaual, in order {ode- ceiva {hio public, tho Spaniards have published a telogram from the volunteers aunounciug their salo arrival at Macagua, bat mnot a word regarding the engagement they bad with the insurgents, According tooflicial reports (ho columa of cavalry commanded by Lieut.-Col. Lean encountored a large number of robels in the mountains of Bantisgo, etrongly eatreuchod theie, and dispersed them, Tho rebols lott 10 dead on the ficll. The easualtien on the Spamsh side were 8 killed and 12 wounded. A robel chiof was daugorouely woundod, but o wns care ried off by bis men,” Col. Borgel and_his men had an engapement with a band of 1,030 rebels on the farm of Uanjsbana, 4 leaguen from Redoedion, on the 1Ith of April. ol Lergel, liaving restored peaco in Placotas, laft there on the morning of the 9th for Guaracabuva, but on his arrival bo hesrd that the 1obois had started fu aoothor disection, and eon. soquently hé retraced lus steps, do erminel to proceed to Caninjnsnf. Then ho heard that tho tnsuryents wore vear Remedios, 40 Le auartad for that piace, arriving thera on tue morning of the 11th of April, at daybreak. Thea lo learned that Sun Andres vl boen burved, and withoat waitiog to rest luwsolf, bo siarted for Guajne ban, which place he renclied at 8 o'clock. 1ha rebels, numbering 1,000 men, wero awaiting Cot, DBerfel, whose forcos amouutcd to €50 mon, Thoe combat was fiorce ou Loth mden, and lasted au hour ond o guarter. Finally tha rebels wers de- feated snd disporaed, leavingontho fleld 16 dead, 34 horses, 3 Rem:ngton ritles, aud large quauti- tics of atmmunitiov. THe Spanish loss is supposed to have boen 2 roldiers killed, bosid»s thoru wera 2 wounded, Some of the retels wen Lilled by tho ciachete, in the usa of which the Bpanah aro growing skiliful, LIST OI' SUGAR TLANTATIONS DESTROYED LY THE IXSUROLNTS ~= VORXER VALUATION OF THE FATATES 20,000,000 siuce the Cuban forces under 3lazimo Gomez and other insarrectionary leaders ciomsed the hine of fortifications known as the Trocha, and erocted for tus purpose of dividing tho reboil- fous from tho peaceful districts of tue wland, they have destroyed millions of dollars’ wouih of ‘property. In March of thin yoar Gomez, with un army of sovoral thonsond men, invaded the districts of Saucti Espitite, Villa Clura, Sau Juan de los Romedios. Harua le Grande, Clen- fuogos, and Culon, All these distriots, ezcept- ing tho first, are ia Lbe great suzar-produci poition of the Ielaud, Appended in o partial list of the satates destroyed sfuce Maren ¢ VILLA CLATA, Sroprictor, Hldsof Valua qf swger, viweity, Cervara... 6.0 g i50.0 Divto Al 230, W Gran Solin. ... . de Malexta H. Sancl e $1,480,000 crENFrTaos, Proprieor. Hidsof Valus of sugur, ropert, 03 £ Totaleesutassnesennne, 00 $1,00,0.0 The above waa the valuation of the estatos previous to the invasion of theso districts, 3AOUA LE ORANDEL. Fruvrietor, Ahds, of euoar, ‘Tho total valuation of these Grande) 18 about &3,000,000, Ino Remoaios the following ostates have been destroved: Doa Hermauvas, Verdungo, Luz, Doterita, Yoguay, Belesicita, To Cabano, Dod Amigos, Rofugio, and Ds Mesa. The total num- ber of esiaies destioyed up to the middle of the present month {8 nearly 100, and they will ropro- sont sbout £0,000 hogshends of sugar, or £7,- 200,000, Tho estatos sbove had an approximate value of §25.000,000 previous tathe war. Bince lawt Friday ton estates have been burned by tho rebels, aeveral in the district of Colon. Thus it will be seen that the rebels are very uear us, sud that the offorts of the Spanish troors to provent thom from crossing the Trocha have ou ineffectual, 1he ronele, about fitty in number, enterad the Village of Vista Hermosa on the night of the lbih of April with the Inteution of buromg ond esching the willago; bot the Bpan?nh Governor of Puerto Frincipe being advised of their move- ments, bo sons an oflicor and taonty men in pu suit. Oo their amival the Spaviarda fired a dis- charge on the rebols, who took to instant dight before thoy bad had time to accomplish their desigos, Afaus on tho lsland aro growing overy day mora eerious, aud are rapldly ap- proacling a crisls, The voluntoers that havs gona into the fleld are wmoetly Iaboring men, aud nave boen obliged to leavs their fawmiles doati- tute, 'The money thoy receivo while ln active servico {4 not safficlont for their wants, The mlnr{ aud sulfering fu Havana, and judeed all ovar the islaag, is beartrending, Tho plauters and ostate-ownors are in despalr, for the work of destruction goos on, and overy day brings new socounts of the burning of cstales. Tuo bumber burned duting the last few mouths, it Ia suid, alrondy amounts to kaveaty. Tnulmlloy of the ronala (8, by burning Indlacriminately sit the eatatos belougiug 10 Cuvane and Spaniords, o Iay wasta the country, and deprivo the Govorue ment of tlio resources for earrsing on the war, Thav eay i thay should only ‘bura the esates bolonging to the Spaniords, the Government would seize thoso bolonging to the Cubaub, and atill have means of carryiug on tho war, When the war is over tho lsland of Cuba will be in ruins, and it will tako mauy years of hard aud patient labor torestore it Lo ifa formor prasper ous condltion. Cuba las coasel to be *El Dorado " of tho worid. 1t is foared. that & revo. lution may broak out in llavana any day, as tho disealisfaction 18 genoral among all classos. ‘The taxes imposed on the people grow hoavier and more numerous every day, wiule the means of satisfying thom aro dimiuishing, ———t. AUSTRALIA, FATH OF FUGITIVE COMMUNISTS, Mzrnounyx, April 3.~1t 18 supposed that Dr, Dasiraul and his Communist companions, who escaped from Naw Caledonia, perished, as f1s; ments of their boat Lave bacn found, —— BELCIUM, ANOTHER NOTE TO GERMANT. Buussers, Apnl 80,—Dolgium sout an answar to-dsy ta Qermany's last note. Count Aspre- wmoct Lynden, Minister of Forelgn Affairs, will wake oxplanstions In regand to the correspoud- enco fu tha Olawber of Represculatives on Fueaday next, — GERMANY, ANOTHED ECOLKSIASTICAL MEASURE, Denwiy, April 80.—Tie Limporor bias given his assont to tho introduction of a bLill sbolishing roligions orders in Prusai : ——— GREAT BRITAIN. TO® AMXWIOAN AIVLE TEAM, Loxpox, Apxil 80.—Ia the 1louss of Commonu laat evening Mr, Bullivan ronowod hia luquiry ' whother mombers of ths American Toam, who Were coming to Irsland to take part in the inter national rils contest, would ba axemvted from the ubiigations of tue law forbiddiug tire catry- i of arms, Eir Michao} If. Deach, Chiaf Socrolary for Ire- and, aid arrangamenta bad been mado to pro- Yentany interferance with the Amorlcan tifla- mew. and lisy would hiaveno roason to complain of tha opers| n of tlus or auy other law, CAPITAL VIEWS. A Pligrim and a Stranger at the White flouse. His Tribulations and Astonishments at . & Presidential Levee, Aud the Reason Why He Abrnptly Ree ired Therefrom, Sueernl Currespandence of The Chiengo Trivune. Wasutsozoy, April 20.—1I¢ has now Leen eome timo since the mishaps, herinatter written down, befell me, but tley are Incfinceably Imprinted upon the tablets of my memory. 1 treasurs themup as ko many several wrongs done me. Bsron kuew liow it was himeolf when ha said: There nover set Whisb could ey The patlent o Of Limn who AudInmater the autlors of my griefs. Lot them baware Low they tread on the tail of my coat! Atthe date of which I writa I wasa pile grim and stranger lo Washingion, unsophisti- cated in tho mysteries of fasbiom, unintored In the wilon of a doceitful and wickad world, inno- cont in tho matiera of anarea and eiretagems. Throughout n loug and useful carcer I bod an- doavorod to pay my dobls, to dofraud no wan, bezuile no woman, and to liva upen thes beauti- ful Buuday-rchiool mazim, ©De happy and you wl Le virtuous." I nevor was a member of Cengress ; have maintamned, therefore, for over thirty years, & moderate degree of self-reepect; and, ¢ I hzve read tho entire Tilton-Turner-Beechar scandal, 1t wos only for the purpose of drawiup therofrom ita beautiful avd justructive losaons of chastity and gush, aud it4 demonstiation of tho moral propo- sitiou that siu is not necossarlly a coexistent clement in promiscuosity of love ; and yet I am not bappy! I biave becn beguilod, and my faith in man rordoly sbakon. Wuat bad I over done that I +bould he betrayed into sttempting to do s publio loves at the White Houne? I'crsuaded thereto by o protonded friend and & man whom I hiad trusted ! How true it s that no man can tell what a day may bring forth ; how much less what way happen o tho night! One evaning my frioud S. asked mo if I had ever aitended A PRESIDENTIAL BECEPTION, Ireplicd, with conscious rectitnde, No. ** Well, then, you must goto-night,” kald Lo, in his pecu- liar, impetuozs way; *“put on your beet harnees ; T'ii take you through in good chape; I'vo boen thore ; let's ba night off § coma slong ! And 1 waa weak enongh to go. Everstluug wos lovaiy og the cLimen of marringo bells till we sirived at the vestibale of the Presidential maseion, Thon my troubles bezan. ** Now, you just follow me," srid 8,, and with that ho daried in peet two raen 10 lony blus coats mpaugled nll over with brass buttoas, aud, with 8 aeextenty that hus not yet cansed Us amaze me, e wrizeled himself theough adenwe crond i1 the lnll, into the waiting-room wnd dieappesied from my guze ad suddenty and utterly ag thuugh tha tian-uoor of Alsddin's cave bad cponed and let him throuzh into tuat mystie teslm. I enw no more ol my friend R, till near midnight, when my crushed, psrepiting. and ox- hausted remoivs orrived ot our quiet rooma, No. —— Migsowi avenue. fIn par bafore the cheerful coal grate the incaruate pictirs of domes:ie content. Lis brow wa3 serene as the mooulit air of o Btilly nizkt, nnd Innesenca Ler- self might have copied s nesw giace from the ex- pression of his faco &3 it was st that momeut. Lut, a8 I entored. thore cawo & quick chsnge overit. Lo scemed to Lo suddenly struck with o thought that be bad lost cr forgotten some- talng, It wos a pecuilar, puzzied, inquiring Iook, which gradually ezpanded aud cianged inta wonder, aud then, finally, ioto a stare of recog- nition and recollection. " He eaw in me the ghost of the aomething he bad lost. 1 can and do be- lievo that for the moment hie wonderod where I came from. In facl, Lo shortly mods a romark to that effrct. Baid he, ‘* WLy, whoro ths dovil lave you beon? What—iwhat did you lsave me that ‘way for?" Aud bia eyes, wide-staring, spoke whole pamphiets of ‘uterrozation sud reproof. I was disarmed nud holplens, I had _contomplated some withering roproaoh, but Icouldn’s doit. And yet, as I scanned that wondering and indignant counteuance. silently admiring 1ts panoramic changos, I half fancled that 1 conld dotect, just beueath the honest (7) surface, evidence of fraud; evidence that his bepuilomont of mo and bis subsoquent aban. donment wore a put-up job, and that, whilo the outor semblanco \sa caltn, the * inoards * of that botd, bad wan ware ready to eplit with un- seemly merriment. I may never know;: I fear 1 nover shall, I would not williugiy wWroug sn innocont mao, but I cannot retran from com- mending um, if guilty, to the prickings of a ulity copsclenco and tho chastisements of » ust L'rovidenze, LNTANOLEMENTS AXD DiSASTELS, Dut 1 et ont now particularly to relato what misfortunes I was led wtoat tle White ITouse by the perfidy of that wan, When Lo darted in- 10 tho mansion between those two biass-button- ed individusls—Seyta and Charvbdis, I think thoy wore—1 tried to follow, but Just &t that mo- ment Lcouldn's, A lone velvel train, wmith a loud-shouldered femalo at tho front end of it, swopt down on my loft flank and cut mo off from my escort, ‘Thon, with a smilo as sweat un the oxproased juica of iboumiipo persimmon, she (tho womau) turoed upon me and weoled to know if T would he kind enougli to koep my No. 10 feet off her trail, If avor I bada devout wish fu my lifo, it was juat thou, that I might ba deliverad out of the pen! of that woman ana her trall. Abashed, I'backed up and stood atill, waiting for it topass, Then m uow-comer from behind destied to bo informed 1t I hadn't ** mora souso than o stand thero lilo the stat- us of a Homan Banator, blocking up the way.” Howoould I auswer the seductivo flattury of thas man's interrogatory? I couldu't, and dido't. But, novertheless, L {1t tant the sltna- tion was ot without its Eouu!lnr ombmirars. wonts, and at thot momeut 1 would have given 1 doilar aud a holf i€ 1 had boen an angel un tho wiug, or & wild Comancha on the war-path. That teail aud the loud-shculderod woman befara we, warning mae back, and that indignaut Atnorican citizen bebind me, urphui me forward—there wan for mo but E\- pussibllity, aod that wes to change my La$d by a flank ovement. I weat suddouly ~down by the flank upon se-buttoned ~ Sovila, the right,” suggested Seylls fu o volva that might have buen denived as oniy second-hand from Ju- piter Tonana, and, seconding the suggostion with a vigorous cxorcise of hiv muacular arm, he sent me 1ecling over to Charybdia, **Move on, will yor, au' not be a blockin' up the door in this ‘ero ind of way [ was tho mild but porduasivo sug- poatton of Mr, Chatybilis, 1 ncted at onca upon hia advice and * moved on,” avoiding that fate- ful trail Ly a coup d'etat whicls, I tlalter mysolf, will enable my biogeaplior to say s very handsome {hing about me, \Whetber the American citizen of African antocedunt, who wont down in that chaige, will spesk wo!l of mo to hia children, is a conundrum that I don't caro to arguo about Just now, Ho ongbt not to havo been standing around thero. Hmnfl fairly reached tho wait- ing-room { oucouunterod auothor brass-Luttoned nu‘thoru: whose sole business in life seomod to be to bawl ont at interval, with the lungs and drawl of & dance.promptar, * Gentlomon-to-tho- right, ladlos-to-tho-left.” I waltzod off to tho right, and the lovely woman with tua loud shoul- derd chessed with bor trail through a door by the loft flank, and X saw her no more. [ ehall not grieve juconsolably it I nover luok upon her face again, for I don't hauker after perstmmon fo auy guise. TUK WEEQK OF COATS AND THE CRUSH OF UATH, 1uoon fonnd a atisfactory reason for the ade vice glven ma by tho dance-prompter, *Goutle- men-to-the-right "—tho cloak-room was dowa that way. In front of a window-liks opening thara stuod about forly mon boldiug little bits of motal at & l'u-lenwlfl alolt and vociferaling 4og5," 1100, *4 170, #240," eto,, evidontly ad+ dreusing thomselves to 8 groun of brass-buttoned authorities and colored cltizena on tho waido. Occasionally ono of tho Istter would pass out » orumpled ovorooat or 8 demoratizod bat which #¢5," or 1240," or somebody elso, would soizo and jospect with minute caro sud eithor Land it back or put it on snd slide out, About forty oflier men wero Imhuus up at arm's-length each an ovorcosd or hat aud vociferativg ju w frautio way to thy sswo roup of autborities and colorsd citizoun. At first I tnought It was ao auction of rabellvn relics, though I thooght I had never honsd of such a thns),m covnection with a Pre geential receprion. Dut in thoso days of Craariam how ara*wo to know exastls what to loai tor? Discovering, howaver, the truo atats of things,iT joinad tha throng, and, sftor whiting, P\lahlnn. and haing pushed, objorgatiag and be- ng objuraated, for preciscle threa-qusriata of an haur, 1 had tho felicity of sscing my evarcon! aud hat takan chaga of by auchority of uza Unitod States,” and was ak liborty tolook aro in: and aes whiat gort of A houso Ar, Grant lived io, It 18 rathor a comfortablo house, I undarsten that Mr. Grant doa't hava to pay any ront, aod a1a noi, thorofote, mirprised to buar tuat he don't want to move out, A BTARTLING ADYZNTURP. AND REVELATION. 1 80on diccoverad that a proceseton had been formed, which was moving with atately troad throngh enites of rooms, ronnd aad round, snd finally coming baek to the saame plac supporlng thal to bo what was axp In abont an honr I gotaronnd, n s wondering wheio thoe Presidont was, and when ha would make his appeatance. I had not seon bun. T had pasaed Afiimyor of fino statnes of Prenldents, Genarals, and othor (listinguished men, with their immobilo faces and etony, fixed oves, and I had fancied Lthat one of thom resem- liled tho pictures I had sces of Gen, Granl i aa nobody stood neer to whom Lcould apply for information, 1 repressed my curioity and pasactl on. But I hiad no Intontlon of Dcin'i balked in my ambition to nca 1118 Praal- dens. moved on again. Whilo *“awinglog round tho circlo” for the socond time, and whon naar the statue aforementionad, a lucky chance tLrow me uear o goatleman with whom T was ac- quainted. Ile asked moif Ihad beon ** pre- acouted.” Ttold lum, not that L was awaro of. Mo twined round and said eometbing to an [talian-looking man, who fustautly scized my w3 and remacked {o tolerabla English, ** Namo, #ir?" I replied, *Kalser Paul"” It was ratlafactory, Ilo fod e up to the statuo and paid, ‘¢ Mr. Dresidett—Kalaer Paul 1 may havo dreamed, but I think not, If Idid not dream, that statuo rained ‘s stons hand, grasp od mine, and #Mid, * Me, Paul, g 44 to ses you i’~ ‘That was all ; tho status rosumed its strong fm- moblitty, and I paescd cn, I didu't feel hke atsying there. I slould not hava boen more anmazzd and erushod f the statue of Georgo Washingion in the rotundx of the Capitol had reached out its marble hand and sald, * Good miorning, Kawer.” After thatT gave ahoe ntatues & wido tertd, wondering if It wsa the fashion among them to start np amldonl{ in that way and waluto strangern, Thirkinz it orver, I got uervous, aud my intorest iu the lavos was gone. 1 wanted to go liome § and I wen!, Easen Pavz. [ e “FACTS, NOT FEELINGS.” To the Editor of The Chi*ngo Tribune : Cmicaao, Avril 28.—In an editorial articla in Tne Tamuxe of this morning, reproving the captious Individanla who alwaya throaten to stop & paper whon so editor declines to bo Inetructod by them, vou do iujustico t> another olass, who, witls tho writer heroof, vers much prizo thoe privilego yoar courtesy esteuds to thew, of ox- pressing their views in your columns. You do thera injustico by associating them, even {ndi- rectly, with the clasa of grumbleis who habiluale ly remonstrate and **show thomuelves to bo il liberal and oven bigoted.” Yon say, * A wolle conducted newspaper basos its uttorances upon facta, not feelings ;" but you must adunit that, in o caee which turns es much upon interpretationa of facts and oir~ cumstances aa doos tho Docober case, feeling may_ eater largoly into the editorial comment and {uterpretation. Torexamplo: tho close observer, akiuw up tho varinus ‘I'ntnoNi cditoriais on the subject, can detoet ditforsut shaldes of fecling, as tho articles weio writtou by dilferant persous, shnr(nz tho argament and tho conclus.on, The leading sditorialu, as I romem- bet them now, bavo been vigorous, outepoken, and charaaterized by a splrit of fawrness and an absonce of Plrum-u feolinz. Of this typo sras tho aditorial of pome waoks ago (cortainly the abiest that lins_uppoarad o eny publication), combiuing Mr. Beectier aod Mr. Tilton, sod 1o which occurred tha wondorful sontenso: ** Boozhor iy erafty in concealment; Tilton cun- niug in exposuro.” "Tuis seutonco was a key- noto to the intncacies of the situation, snd struck the reader as 8 summing-up of the causes of troula in a hasu-of-lightmug vividucss. Tho wholo article bora ou ft4 tace a thorough insight sud o wonderful grasp of detuils: and’ uo ona, whatover bis viows, faded to nceept it a9 an ut- teiance based oo facts, Of s tyyoalso, wero toe cditorials on Mr, Boecher's testimony. Of the otuer type were tho hal.ing, hositatiig para. graphe, conceding, as {f by effort, the fact that there wes on atom of strongth in the testimony for the defenwo; but—well, tho resder must wait until Mr. Fullerton tore tho statements to tatters, and then tho reader would soe what ha would eos. Then, aguln, thera wern gratoitous aud apocial futecpretation of facts, which show- od that feeling ontered into the consideration or discussion, In one colamn you published in full the quos. tions and replies, or, in othor words, facts § and, in another, an editonal shaped by fosling, With plain facts’ befoco bum, any man, of ordlnary ability, is entitled co araw his own conclusions aud to form lus own opinjon. Tho modorn duwly nowspapers bave educated him up to "this polnt by the clearest pomai- ble nresentation of ° facts, independenc of auy aditorial presentatiouof the question. Thon, if "he turn and baso Lis nitersuces ubon tha¢ facts, the fair aplrit of modern {nm-nnuum 18 in wome dep10e.to boe hold responsible. If bo turn from the vditorial that gives evidenos of persone al foeling. slight thougls it may be, Lo tho facts, L is doing stmply hus daty, For a time, Tuz TmnuNe publisked roporie {rom two spealal correspendonts, in addition to tio prees 1eport, of the Deecher tral, Each ong of thess interproted circumatances and facts, and cloarly domoustreted thut, oven to thota who witnossed the procoodiugs of tls trial, conclas slovs wero reached “through special ine terpratations of statoments aud circum. staoces, Now, poasibly, overv roador wan interpreting also in the kame spirit; oud i ail this there way nothing wrong. ‘H one cowld 600 that the graphic pictaresof **Dr. Syntax" wora outlined and aundod uudor the influence of # feeliug violoutly portisan. Thoy were siriking sud entortaiuing for all this, Lut they were rol utterances to be accopted a8 facts. “Tho facts Lavo boon st coustant varisuco with his cone clueions, 1lo had ovo speeiel mission, it ape peared, and that was to impresa upou the publia mind that dr. Beccher wan so agitated, terrified, sud unstrutg, that ho would faing, fall dead, deoliuoe to be oxamined, or, if he appoared in the witness-stand, would ceriainly collupso under thie persocution of the *“Great Cross-Examie ner.* Now, thoso who know Mr Ueecher at all knew that ho was not that kind of & man § and they know that ** Dr, Byutax ” of the pie- turesquo woods was forcing & pocial interpro- tation of (he station. You publish side by gide with his uttorances, basea on fecling, the roport of proceading or uttorauces based on fact ; and you cerininly expooted your readera to draw conclunions from tho lattor. Very often tho cditorial comment was at variance with tho inforences of the Now York correapondent, Novw, whilo you will find Lundreds of your reads ers furfous agaloet ** Dr. Byntax,” yon will find not ons finding fuult with your leading editorials, ‘Ihero ia evory reason why this ehould be ko, and those who disucnt from the views of the corres spoudont mean no disrenpeot to Tun Tuinuaw, nor abate ona tittle of their warm foeling for it. Again, you would nat oxpect your resaders to aceept the statemeut aof tho New York Jerald s to what the prosecution expoct to prove on rebuttal as what they will prove 7 It fs slmpl, the old attompt to maputactura public wentl- ment,—a shrewd cffors to lessen tho effect of Mr, Beochor's tostimany,—and, 4% & mausuvrs, {8 legatimata ; but 11 13 nothing wore, sud we do not ot it influgnce us ax s fact. 1t will bo time ouougn ta considor it a3 having any weight when it assumes certain shaps, The putting forward of such promieos 18 wtiil in the hne of Interproe ‘tgllnnmby feeling ; tho wish I8 father to the ought, . Witk such a paper 88 Tex Tamung, the rela. tions of reado:s to the paper are natwally cordial, Ita utrougoest fricnds may differ with it at tinoa s but, bocauva thoy differ, they do nof presuwe to dictate, Ho this clans ehould be eoparated from tho captious grumblers snd bigota of whom you complaln, —_—— OCEAN STEAMSHIP NEV/S, UEENRTOWN, April 30,—8t uip R !n?m Now Yutk, hupnrnmvcd. Jlip B, Nuw Youx, Avril 80.—Steamer Cabs,-from Liverpool, bas srived. ___FRAOCTIONAL QURRENOY, "$5.00 Packages FRACTIONAL CURRENCY IN EXCHANGE FOR Bill of Nationel Curency, TRIBUNE OFFICE