Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 6, 1875, Page 8

TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATER OF AUNECRIPTION (PATANLRE TH ADVANCE). Prepaid at this OM 18,00 | Brentr, | ya 05 USSD | Ei cones bas ‘eacoplon, ck 2.00 Y ‘the eames rate. * WANTED—Une activo agent inveack town gnd villags. Bpecial arrangaments made with auch. Bpectmon coples scnt free, To prevent delay and toletakee, be nro and give Pott. Opico address tu fall, invloding Stato and County, Temittancostmay bomade aittiorby dratt, express, Post= OBice order, or 1a tegiatered atour risk, ‘TRUMS TO CIIT AInENE, Dally, delivered, Kanday excopted, 25 conta per week. Dally, dolivercd, Sunilay taciuded, GO conte per wooks Addrete THE TRINUNE COMPANY, Comer Afadivon and D + Chicagoy Ml. TO-DAY'S AMUSEMENTS. HOOLKV'S THEATTE—Randotnh street, between Olarkand taSalle, "Caste," Afternoon and avening. ADELPHI THEATRE—Dearhorn stroot, cornor Mone roa. Variety entertainmont. Afternoou and evening. ttreet, between jengotient of Georea Fawoott ‘Atierdgon and evouing. MYVICKER'S THE, Dearborn and State, we. *' Little Krm'l ACADEMY OF MUS{O—Halsted ntrents between Bade Engagement of Frank Chantrau, Kitraan tHe Eyonlugy “"Bounlo Fishwife™ and “Camillo.” ) OPERA-HOUSI-~Clark street, opposite Binritan Hound, Reliy & Lente Minstrels +The Belles ef the Kitchen.” Afrernoon aud ovonlog. 0, SEUM—Monrye streat, between Deare wert ead Slator “Sear Browne Atterasou kid evening. “BUSINESS HOTICES. WAT DECLARED-ONLY 4 TO THE NATIONAT, Oapital; only $3 to 5 jeancy'sand return, with » tall ecbof best Guin Teoil, First-class gold fillings, ware Yauted, and no fancy prices. Satisfaction given or money refunded, AN, ILL, FRB, 10, 183. 4 shan flesend to ary an ppurts earill ie bonoticlal effcats of Glen Fibra Mineral Water ith children In acarivt fever, “Twa of my children were sick Inst month, and 1 used Glen Flora Water feciz, and am aati-iied that all te omal troubles wlth thy kldneys wore avokdoil by tts use, The fren uaa of the water will ba found a subeltnee for many drugs. icned?, Ald, DENS The Chicago Tribune, Saturday Morning, March 6, 1875. WITH SUPPLEMENT. ‘Tho first Inwsnit under the Civil-Rights bill occurred in Wilmington, N. C., where a colored citizen brought an action against 4 snloon-keeper for refusing to sell him a drink, ‘The Court scrutinized the now law closely, and decided that it didn’t apply to bar-rooms, ‘Tho monstrous array of evidence brought to annihilate the character of the plaintiff in the Danville scandal caso scems to have over- shot the mark, and produced a reaction in the minds of the jury, who yesterday awarded Miss Mann a verdict of damages in the sum af $15,000, It is probable that the Tlinois Legislature Fill relieve tho tax-payers of a most burden- jome and exasperating affliction by the pas- tnge of the bill to abolish the State Board of Equalization, aud to transfer its duties ton Board consisting of the Ciovernor, Auditor, Secretary of State, and Attorney-General, The indications aro that tho railrond war bas roached its most violent stage, and that no further thront-cutting will bo indulged in, ho dignified ond moderate courxo outlined by the Bultimore & Ohio management will hardly fail {o enhance the excellent standing of that road in the esteem of the public, who can seo that no permanent benefits con result from a further reduction of rates, and will be glad to sco tho war at’ on ond, provided the truco is declared npon the basis of a reason- able passenger tarilf, Massachusetts is inn fever of excitement over its silver mines ot Newbury, which, al- though tho shafta aro but just sunk, are yielding at tho rate of 200 ounces of silver to tho ton, average specimens sasnying #122 to the ton. Lodes aro being struck in every di- roction. Speculators are getting hold of the Jands and selling them out at large figures, and these barren sheep-pnstures aro suddenly developing an embarrassment of riches. ‘Tho most remarkable featuro of the situation is that these grasping, hard-fisted sons of the Puritans should havo traveled ever the Now- bury pastures theso 200 years, and awarmed all over the West in search of gold and silver, without being aware of the fact that the hard granite ond pudding-stono under thoir feot was rich in silver, Congress having adjourned, Mr. Brea Krva duly turna up. His arrival in Now York is chronicled by telegraph. Tad an oxtra sev sion of Congress been celled; Mr. Kina might havo been forced to spend the spring and summor months in the disagreeably-hot climato of Canada; as it is, he returns aftor enjoying tho delightful winter season among the tropical plauts and baliny breozes of tho Dominion, It may now bo expected that he will make it exceedingly warm for the Pacific Mail people, for Inwiy, for tho Into Congress, for the Minnesota Legislature, and the other people who have been “ defaming him” and are now fugitives from his wrath, Mr, Kina hes probably taken Iegal counsel, and ascer- tained that the Congressional extension of tho statute of limitations to cover his alleged perjury will not hold. * Mr, Banyey! AULYTELD nas added to his remarkable record for not voting, When the Lounty bill was brought before the Houso, the last day of the sossion, from the Conference Commit- tee, containing all the monstrony provisions for dividing up $150,000,000, chiefly between claim-agents aud home-guards, Mr, Caur- YIELD was not on hand to vote against it. Ho could not have been peired with Mr. Pan. WELLON this occasion, because the latter voted in favor of the bill, Did Mr. Caur- YIELD neglect to vote because ho was afraid to vote for tho bill and also afraid to voteaguinst Mr, Fauwetn? We think Cavrrexp’s four weeks’ record shows tho most astonishing use, or rather disuse, of the Congressional ballot ever exhibited by any one member in the gamo bricf length of time. The Chicago produce markets wore gener. wy tame and weuk yesterday, Muss pork wus less selive, and 5@10c per bri lower, tlosing af $18,00@18.024 cash, and $18.2 for April. Lard was moderately active, and IN@1Se per 100 ibs lower, closing firm at 815.15 cosh, and $18,274 for April, Meats were dull ond a chado casier, at 64@0%c for shoulders, and 9}@0go for short ribs, and ¥}@100 for whort clears, Dressed hogy wera quict ond firmer, at $7.76@8.12}. High- ‘wines wero active aud steadier, at $1.08 per gallon, Flour was quidt and unchanged. ‘Wheat was active and jo lower, closing at THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. MARCH 6, 1875.---'TWELVE PAGES. 8c, Barloy was was more active, and J@lo higher, closing weak nt $1.05 cash, and 21.02 for April. Tho hog market was nctive and atendy for choice, but other grades were weak and lower, Sales at $6.00@8.00. Cattle were active and firm. Sheep were steady. An avent of extraordinary interest occurs to-day in Florence, Itnly, It is the cotebra- tion of the 400th anniversary of tho birthday of Micmen Ancrzo, and the opening, by the Italian Government, through its represent- ative, Signor Drotstrrizt, Director of the Royal Gallery at Florenco, of the packet which tho dying artist sealed with the solemn injunction, exprossed in his will, that the seal should not be broken until the 400th an- niversnry of his birth, With the breaking of tho seal will be brokon a silence of 350 years, ond now light will bo thrown upon tho Italy of thnt long-past age. ‘Tho packet is understood to contain some 700 autograph letters of Axor.o himself, and about 1,100 letters from his contemporarics, — Popes, Trinces, artists, literary mon, politicinns, ote, An interesting article on the subject will bo found in this issue of Tie Trinvxe. Tho Democrats of Indinnn are very anxious to retain their present control of the State. They have accordingly adopted threo meas. s calculated to keep themselves in power. t, thoy re-formed (not reformed) the civil servico by filling it with old Bourbons,— an admirable proof of the sincerity of their party professions, Then they prepared plans for re-forming the counties of tho State into distriets, in order that judivious gerrymander- ing might inerenso Democratic members. Finally, they havo preserved their party from werent danger by voting down compulsory education, There wasn bill before the House to make parents lot their children go to school fonrteen weeks of every year. If it had passed, the Democratic Indiana districts might have becomo intelligent ten years hence. Fortunately for Bourbonism, the danger was perecived, A motion to indefi- nitely postpone the Dill was carried by 52 to 87,—almost a strict party vote, ‘The majority was solidly Democratic, This fear of univer- sal knowledge isa striking characteristic of the party which proves tho truth of ite nick. namo by forgetting nothing and learning nothing. DEFEAT OF THE SUBSIDY-BEGCARS, ‘Thero is much to bo recalled in the record of the Vorty-third Congress which reflects greit credit upon the Republican majority of that body, It began its caroor with a reform ineasure,—the ropes! of the salary-grab,— which showed n willingness on tho part of the majority to defer to public sentiment. Its first session was also characterized by n clogo and searching investigation into the Sanporn revenue irands, which was’ fol- lowed by the passngo of ao Dill abolishing tho corrupt moiety system upheld by Bursen, and thereby breaking up an infamous ring of spies ond blackmail- ers that had fastencd themselves upon the Government, Tho infamous District Ring, under the leadership of Boss" Snerarnp, was likewise broken, though it was a charmed cirele drawn sbout tho most potont influences of the Administration, These and other re. forms were workeil out within tho Repub- lican party, and tho poculiar courage exhibit- ed in tho crusddo against abuses was that all the corrupt men in the party, all tho doma- gogues, and a host of weak-kneed partisans, cried out against oxposure as likely to prove fatal to the life and power of the Republican organization, It required an unusual degrea of political rectitude and pluck to proceed in tho work of reform in spite of these threats and at tho imminent risk of party dissolution, Between the first and Inst sessious of the Forty-third Congress, a general election in- tervened, the result of which gave the croak. ers and corruptionists ocension to say “We told you uo,” and to point to tho late election ag a warning to abandon the work of investi- gation and the effort at reforin which had been inaugurated at the first session, Au the Tepublican party had been defeated, and.ns 5 Jarge proportion of the members of the lato Congress were to retiro at the ond of the session not to return, there was also a strong temptation to abandon reform and open tho Onited States Treasury to every job that pro- sented itself with money in it. he temptation was resisted, howover, and the Republican noajority procecded in the manner in which it began, sotting an examplo for tho treatment of subsidy-beggars which all faturo Congresses should imitate. It not only refused to grant away moro public lands or monoys to those who asked them, but it struck out in an en- tirely uow field by repealing a subsidy of $600,000 a year which had been obtained ! from the previous Congress by tho corrupt uso of money. Whatever may have beon tho shortcomings of the Pacitio Mail Investigating Committeo in falling to trace the corruption fund to its flnal disposition, Congress, ns a whole, was quick to recognize tho patent fact that the subsidy hnd been procured by fraud- ulent means, and it was promptly. stricken from the Post-OMlce Approprintion bill. ‘he investigation could not have had a moro prac. tical or moro satisfactory result than this, No Congress was ever beset with such per sistont and powerful appeals for subsidy for rnilroad building and other “national enter- prises.” Tho chief of these was tho ‘Vexas Lacitio schomo, which mado a most desperate effort to get at tho National ‘Treasury, It was the project of Mr, ‘ox Scorr, who had tonnipulated Legislatures in nearly oll the States of tho Union, aud who had never been known to fail in dealing with public bodies, To guvo this measure all his own strength, and added to it the collateral support of all the othor sohemos and sections which wanted help and wero willing to trade for it. Ho also counted upon tho support of all tho mem- bens of tho Forty-third Congress who had received stock or had an intorest in tho originnt Texas & El Pnso scheme, of which tho ‘Loxas Pacitio is the legitimate suocessur, Ho was likowisa sure of support from the Southern Domoeratic members, who wero urged on by tho Lonluville Courier. Journal and tho Southern pross, which throntencd them with defeat if they failed to sustuin this outrageous jneasure, So confi. dunt wore Mr, ‘Pos Scorr und his allics of au ensy success, that thoy plnoad their doma nd at au unblashing figure, I the last Congressg hed grauted them, and the Government should havo been obliged to pay all the obli- gations assumed (a3 it likely would havo dono), the people would have been forced to Pay 805,000,000, in principal and interest, forthe purpose of enabling Tot Scorr and his ving to enjoy the profits of a Credit-Mfo- bilior Construction Company, k Behind tho Texas Pucitie Railroad schemo So cash, and 87j0for April, Corn wasdull | was conceultd Mr. Jax Cooxx’s Northern Pa bad go highor, closing ut G1¢ cash, and 714 | cifio wild-cat railroad, which gave ‘Tost Scorr tor Moy. Oats wero active and {@Jo higher, @osing ef 53}0 for March, and ojo for Apel. Bye was dull and enmiey, at 91@ its moral support, aud was ready with its “Tittle bill” to be introduced as soon as tho wulge hed Hobn entered, It could then have come forward with tho old sectional plea, aud demanded its tens of millions for the “ North," because tons of smillions had been given to the “South.” ‘Tho old Central. Pa- cific, with a ripo experience in subsidy-got- ting and tho Credit-Mobilior system, was also on hand with a ery for more to buikl what it called the ‘Southern Branch” of the Central Pacific, from San Francisco down the const to San Diego. Tho engineers of this job wero also ready to strike hands with ‘lox Scorr, Then thero was a railroad which pro- posed to run from Salt Lake or somewhcro in Utah to Portland or somewhere in Oregon for tho oxpress purpose of furnishing profits fo a construction company, It also demand- ed millions, hero wero two or three pro- jects for n Governmont freight railroad con- necting the interior with tho Atlantic sen board, which would have absorbed millions more. All these and every ollier notably un- worthy bidder for Government PAp were put aside, and the Forty-third Congress broke in upon a weélhestnblished practice nnd set up o new precodent for refusing subsidies, ‘The Republican majority in the late Con- gress aro entitled to popular gratitude for the worthy and consistent nttitude they ns aumed with reference to organized raids up- on the Treasury by subsidy-hunters. If tho exposures incident to. reform policy tempo- rarily suspended party success, wo believe that this complete vindication of tho party, and tha demonstrated purpose of putting down the abuses that grew out of the un- natural’ prosperity of a fow ycars, will re- store tho party to the prestige it was in danger of losing. To make this restoration certain it will only bo necessary for tho Forty- fourth (Democratic) Congress to go into the business of subsidy-letting ; and wo shall not be surprised if it shall begin enrly with the Toxas Pacific job, in which the Southern De. mocracy are specially interested, MN ae een THE NEW SENATE, Tho composition of the now Senato gives promise that it will be fully equal if not su- perior to its predecessor in point of intellec- tual calibro, practical experienco in political affairs, and legislative ability. In Delawaro, Maino, Ohio, and Vermont, there have beon no changes, Mosers, Bayann, Hasty, ‘Caunstan, aud Epsronps retaining their seats, From California, Newros Boorn, an Independent Re- publican, succeeds Joun 8, Hacer, Democrat. Sonator Booru is conceded upon all sidos to be one of the ablest men Californian hina pro- duced, and one of the most popular, owing to lis determined opposition to monopolies, He is a man whom his friends believe will take a prominent position in the Senate and exer- cise ao powerful influence, in which respect he will stand in marked contrast to his prede- cessor, who hardly mado a ripple during his connection with that body. ‘Lho seat of the recently decensed Sonator Bucsrsanax, from Connecticut, is filled by Wintrast W. Eaton, rabid Democrat, who during tho War was an extreme Copperhead, Without tho polish, dignity, and old-school courtesy of Mr. Bocn- Inauam, he is reputed to bo n man of moro than ordinary ability, and oa first-class de. bater, ‘and is probably the ablest crim- inal Inwyer in Connecticnt. Ie has nover been in Congross before, although be has been a candidate for the Lower Honse two or threo times, but was always rejected by the people. From Florids, Anan Gr- BERT, @ carpet-baggor, is succeeded by Cuantes W. Joxrs, a Conservative. In re- spect to honesty, the chango isn good ono, Ife is said to combine the moral and intelloc- tnal qualifications which should go to mnke up United States Senator, Ho is ono of the ablest lawyers in Florids, and has been indorsed by tho Republican papers of that Stato, although he is a Democrat, og an hon- est, fair-minded man, who will fill his sont with much mora credit than his prodeces- sor, who has failed to mnko any prominent mark. Indiana is represented by Joszex E. MoDonanp, -Domocrat, who succeeds Daxren D, Pnarr. Tne ‘Tnmung has already recognized Mr, McDonanp aa a strong man, and one who will bo » decided improvement upon Mr. Prarr in point of ability. McDowaxp is probably tho soundest man tho Democrats of Indinua could havo se- lected fram their ranks. With Montow upon the ono hand and MoDonarp upon the other, Indiana will be well ropresonted. Wits P. Wuytr, tho new Senator from Maryland, ia a Baltimore man, said to be abler than his predecessor, Hasruron, who wasadullman, With Mr. Dawes, of Massa- chusetts, who suceceds Mr. Wasnocnn, al though ho virtually fills Mr, Susmwen’s seat, the country is well acquainted through his long and active servico in the House. He has not Mr, Suamxn’s national reputation, nor his brilliant scholarship and powers of oratory, but ho is a man of great political oxperience, and thoroughly versed in Congressional busi. ness, Mr, Cuanpurr, of Michigan, who has beon in Congress yory long, and had mado himeclf repnguant to many men in his own party, yields his sent to I. P. Cuntstiancy, who has been nmodorate though steadfast Republican in principle, although he has differed from tho Administration in his views of some lending measures, We hns been upon tha Supremo Bench of Michigan for nearly twenty years, and his decisions have commanded wido attention for their strict ad- hesion to the Constitution and the law. Al- though go long upon tho Bench, ho has not been without political experivnce, having boon a prominent member of the old Freo Soil party, a primo mover in tho organization of the Republican party, and the cditor of a political paper, His age and experience, his intimate Inowledgo of constitutional law, and hie sterling qualities of charactor,» will make him ono of the loading men in the now Sonate. Mr, Ramsrxy, of Minnesota, also gives place to another Supreme Judge of long experience, 8, J. 2. MoMuntan, having becon upon the Bench the same length of time as, Judgo Cnnweruyor, but ho has not hind the samo political expori- onco as tho latter, Bi, Rassty was retired in Minnesota for the same ronson that Mr, Ouanvuen was retired In Michigan,—tho peo. ple were tirod of him, and there can be no doubt that the change will be an improve. ment, In Mississippi, an oflice-secking car- pet-baggor, Henny 2, Pease, has given placo toa negro named Brancu K, Bauce, ‘Tho latter was formerly axlavo, After the War, ho was employed ag a stoamboat, porter, thon Want to school at Oberlin, and finally worked his way to Mississippi, whore Le was ap- pointed Sheriif by Gov. Aucoun, and served two terms with honor, Previous to this ho had beon appointed Sergoant-at- Arms of the Touse of Representatives of tint State, Notwithstanding the matter of color, Miusiasippi has s bottor Senator in this Sonate than who had in tholast, Missou. vi haw sustained a gevero tom, Oant Scuunz, the ablest and moat cloquent dobator of the Senate, and one of the foreniost of American statesmen, gives place to a mere’ mediocrity, Puasa M, Cooxarst, whose principal ac. complishment seems to be that ho was a Gon- | the largest and most chinractoriatio display of | 50 to 100 por cent, tho managers will find eral in the Confedorate service, and isn bit. ter, rabid Bourbon, Mr, ‘I'tproy, of Nebras- kn, has lost his place by his apostacy to the Repulican party, and Atoenvoy 8, Pappoce, afirm supporter of Republican principles, and aman of pronounced intellectual ability and moral intogrity, fills his place, Ho will bo an improvement on ‘Uirton in every respoct. Srewant, of Novada, is sneceeded by Wrunrast Sianox, o man of great peonniary influenco on tho Pacitle Slope, by reason of his overshadowing wealth nequired in mining speculations, Whother bo will be an improvement on Stew. aur remains to be seon, Ho is classed as a Republican. Ho and Joxes will he tho two richest men in the Sonate, though they rep- resont tho fowest constituents of any Sen- ators. Thoro aro less than 10,000inhabitants in Novada,—boing no more than some of the wards in Chicago, In New Jersey, Gov. Ran- nonrr takes the place of Stockton; both are Democrats, Tho now Senator, however, is much abler than tho outgoing Senator, and for moro of a partisan, aud loss liberal and fair-minded, He aces overything through old Bourbon spectacles, Mr. Conxttxq, of Now York, will havo for his colleague Francis Kenyay, who has served one term in tho Lower Houso. Ho owos his reat in the Senate to the influence of Tammany, although ho is reputed to boa man of unimpenchable char. acter and sterling integrity, and possceses abil- ities of a high order, His championship in his election was little to his credit, but no ono doubts his ability, Pennsylvania places in the seat of Jonx Scorr, who was a very fair nian, o professional politician of the pot-houso sort, Ho is known as “Coffee-Pot” Wat- LACE, on account of somo fraudulent naturali- zation business in which he wns imixed up. Ho is also n professional rnilrond lob- lyist of unfrogrant reputation, and withal is a violent partigan, althongh a man of consid- erable ability and o forcible speaker. With Gen. Amnnose E. Bunnswe, of Rhode Island, and ex-Presidout Axpy Jomnson, of Tonnesace, the country aro familiar, Both aro bold, fearless men in thelr expressiona of opinion, the ono a Radical Republican, the othor, a Radical—"*Jonnson man.” Fuana- aan, of ‘Texas, yields his sent to Maxuy, o Democrat of quito moderato ability. Tho Vicksburg Jeratd saya of him: “If tho Democracy of the country is destined to do- feat, wo know no surer menns of bringing about such a result than by tho election of men like Gon, Maxey.” Of RonenrE, Wrru- zns, the Senator from Virginia, in place of Joun I’, Lewis, we know buttitule, oxcept that he was Rebel Licutenant-Governor of that’ State, and, we belicve, also wag an officer in the Confederate army. West Virginia sonds A, T. Carrntos, who reprosented his Stato (Ola Virginia) in tho Confederate Congress, and is represented to bo a fair man in most respects, Wisconsin has rotired Matr Can- PENTcR, one of tho most brilliant men in Congress, but unreliable and reckless, and placed in his chair Axovs Camznon, whoso record is that of an able, honest, and upright man, and a sound lawycr. ‘Theso qualities will make nmends for any Inck in brilliancy he may oxhibit in comparison with his more showy predecessor. As o whole, the Senato has not saffered in the changes which have been made. On tho other hand, it bas gained in honesty and in- tegrity, though in point of ability it has ro- ceived no nccessions which can compare with’ Scuvnz and Canrenren, Tho strongest of the new men is Axpr Jomnson, but then he ig nn old atagor, who has swung tho circle cloar round from the taiior's bench to tho Whito House ; and is now swinging it again from the position of an almoat impeachod Presidont to a seat in the Sonate, —— CHURCH AND STATE IN PRUSSIA, The Government of Prussis has proposed a bill in the Chambor of Deputies withdraw- ing all State endowments from the Catholic clergy, and providing for their restoration to such of tho clergy who may nsaume tho pre- scribed obligations to the Govornmont. Prus- sia bes an Established Church, but tnales an- nual appropriations for the support of tho clorgy of all denominations, ‘Tho withdrawal of Governmental support from the Catholic clorgy must ond in the goneral breakdown of tho whole system, leaving the churches of all denominations to rely on the vol. untary support of heir members, Yo tax a whole peoplo of varions creeds to support an Established Church ia an injustico and oppression for which thero is no justification, ‘To tax the whole pooplo tosupport all the churches, is tho assumption of ao duty by tha Gavornmont which properly belongs to the people themselves, It is a forced contribution to bo distributed by the Government; which distribution must of necessity be more or Jews unjust. ‘Che part nership between State-craft and Religion is alwoys injurious to both, but espocially to Religion, The Church, no matter what ita fnith may bo, that Jeans upon the Sword of State and uot upon the voluntary affection of its people, makes a mistake that is inevitably followed “by calamitous consoquences, es peoiatly to tho Church, ‘Tho sooner the Government rids itself of tho task of running tho roligion of its people, except to protoct it, the sooner it will destroy tho antagonism of the churches towards tho Government, Lot religion be free, and it will flourish infinitoly better than when de. pondent upon tho smiles of Princes or the stability of human Governments, A Govern- mont with a Church on its honds is alwaya weakened by the association; it arraya agninat it tho moral influence of all the other churches, and gots no snpport from it, State churches always languish, and religious gav- ernments end in imbecility, If this measure in Prussia shall end in the severance of tho Stato from Church altogothor, it willbe a stop in tho world’s progress, will emancipate ro- ligion, and strengthen the Govornmont in the alfections of the whole peopl It would bo rather shabby in tho Minois Legislature to refuse tho appropriation of $10,000 to carry cut tho recommendation of tho Govornor that Illinois history, induatry, art, mechanism, tninorals, manufactures, and agriculture be appropriately represouted at the great Centennial Exposition to bo held in Philadelphia next year, ‘Che sum isa small one compared with tho appropri tions that Lavo been made for the sume pur. pose by several of the States, oa woll as by forcign countries, and as compared with the advantage and fitness of a creditable ropre- sentation at Philadelphia in a national ex- hibition. von tho State of Arkansas, poor in resougpes, far renoved, and with compara- tively little sympathy in tho enterprise, ap- propriated $35,000 last ‘Tuesday for a simitir purpose, Certainly, LWinois can well afford to donblo this sun, . ‘Tho indications aro that the foreign Governments will be moro fully represented thun at any previous Exposition, and recent advicos from China are to the ef. Sect that special aflort will bs made to furnish Chinese producta and industry over got to- gether, Canada, we understand, has appro- printed $250,000 fov its ropresentation, A rofusal on tho part of Tilinois to give $10,000 toward the representation of our own Stato would leavo us in au awkwardand mortifying plight when the Centennial comes, MR. SPEAKER BLAINE, The retirement of Mr. Buaine from the chair of Spenker of the Honse of Represent. atives isan event of no little importance. He had fitled that place during six years, and in tho discharge of the duties of Speaker had displayed a fitness and an ability of tho high. ert order, Mr. Buatne had served before his election several terms os amember of the House, and was clected Sponker in 1809, succeeding Mr, Conrax, ‘Ihe position of Spenker is at all times an arduons one, but the duties of the Speaker of the Houso of Representatives have become during the Inst deeado extremely complicated. ‘To be n successful Spenker, the inctun- bent of tho chair must bo o man of ability; to bo successful, ho must also command tho personal respect and con- fidence both of tho minorily and the mn- jority. It makes .no difference how strong may be tho party by whom ho is elected, ho niust rely upon the confidence of the wholo House, and this he can only retain by being frank and fair in all his rulings, ‘Tho powor of the Speaker is very grent,—much greater than is generally supposed. Under the pecu- haritics of our parliamentary low, extraor- dinary powers are necessarily yielded to him; these powers he oxercises not so much by virtuo of law ns by tho general acquicsconce of tho House. A competent Speaker lilko Mr, Buatne, bazked by the confidence and re- spect of the whole Houre, can greatly expedite business, avoid unseomly complications, pre- sorve the rights and equality of all the mem- hers, and prevent the despotism of a majori- ity. ‘There aro always in overy party Laving alarge majority x number of extreme men who favor tha roughshod policy, and who deny that tho minority have any rights which the majority are Lound to respect. ‘Cheso men are of necossity at variance with tho Spenker, who, ns the presiding officer of the whole House, must hold the balance evenly. ‘Tho sessions of Congress since 1869 have been marked by a succession of two-thirds mojoritics by theRepublican party. Tho strug- gle of the minority by factions opposition to defent the willof tho House, and tho struggle of an extreme faction on the other side to crush out the minority, have fur- nished repeated occasions requiring all tho ability, energy, unwenried attention, ond atrict impartiality on tho part of the Spenker, Mr. Buarye has proven himself equal to all tho requirements of his high office, and, in Jaying down the gavel at tle closo of his six yearn’ service, he does so with tho universal re- spect of the whole country, and with the ad- iniration and respect of all those of all par- ties who havé sorved in Congress under his Spenkership. Mr, Buaryx is a menrber-elect of tho next Congress, 50 that tho country will not lose the beuetit of his ability and long oxporience. He will, of course, take high position as the leader of the Republican minority in the noxt House, In a House whero there will beso many new and inexperienced membors, his rorvices will bo of incalculable advantage to the House and to the country. i THE ERIE CANAL-TOLLS, The Buffalo Board of ‘Trade has prosented & memoriol to the Canal Commissionors of the State of New York, which shows by statistics the declining commerce of the Em. piro Stato, and suggests remedies therofor. ‘The Board of ‘T'rado does not content itself with suggesting tho rensons therefor. It proposes remedies for tho evil. ‘Tho trouble with tho canal is the cost.of transportation, and the difficulty of it, The Intter is leas than it has been, thanks to the recent repairs. In “1874, tho average number of trips per bont was greator than in any preceding yenr, Still, there is needless delay and difficulty on account of the number of weigh-locks, These locks, according to the memorial, “are not only needless, but occasion grent loss of water and inflict serious damages on tho boats and detention of thom.” Thoy aro not used in America, outside of Now York. They should not bo used thoro, This, however, isn minor point. Tho grent ovil is the exorbitant tolls charged on tho Erio, Last season, the tariff for transporting & bushol of wheat from Buffalo to Now York, by tho canal, averaged 10 conts, Of this, tho State took, in tolls, 3} conta, so that tho carrier got less than 6} cents, This possibly paid running expensos, but it allowod nothing for the ronowal of tho boats, which are worn out as often os once in ten ycara’ service, Most of the boats aro sold on long time, Last year, tho bontmen were unable to pay their usual installments, and very many of them are now threatened with foreclosure of the builders’ mortgages, Yet, oven ot these ruinously low rates, canal cost moro than railrond transportation for part of laut eunmer, Corn was taken by rail from Butfalo to New York, in July and August, for Tond 7} conta por bushel, including light- erage. ‘The New York Oanal is losing not only tho profits on the grain sent thither, but tho profits on tho morchandiso sent back in exchange. ‘The tollacan be safely lowored, for tho Erio now yields a large srrplus revenue, This is at present absorbed, in great part, by tho useless lateral canals, ‘Tho recont adoption of the constitutional amendment gives tho Legislature authority to close nearly all thoso canals, If this authority is exercised, oa the potitioners proy it may be, tho Erie need not hereafter pay so heavily, and tho tolla can therefore be reduced. Theo memorial asks that tho rates shall be fixed at one-half a mill per milo por 1,000 poundsof enstward freight, and thot uo tolls whatever shall be charged on wostward freight, ‘This scoma like a sweeping change, byt a radical remedy id needed. ‘The improve- ment of tho Canadian canals, the further in- crense of shipping facilitios by the Baltimoro & Ohio, the opening of the Hoosao Tonnel ronto, and the improvement of the means of transshipment at all of the competing pointa, are sure to como and to come soon, If New York has lost so mucls already, sho will then loge far moro,—untess who does averything in her power to improve and cheapon the Erio Canal, ord tho mothods of receiving, in- specting, storing, and shipping grain at her wharves, —_——_—— Tho publio is in the habit of paying heav- ily for any stock-jobbing triumph of Jar Goutn, so that the announcement of an in. creasa of 60 to 100 per cent on transoonti nental froights was expected to follow, as it as, closa upon tho heels of theannouncoment that Gourp controlled both the Pacitic Roads and the Pacifico Mail Company, If this in- crease in tho tariff is due to any ides that the revenuos of the camblnation will ba {ucreased | he derwaried te the thomgolves mistaken. It {a doubtful whather tho returna will bo any greater, in the long run, than they would havo been un- der tho old tariff. ‘These high rates will check shipments in both directions. ‘Tho railroads nud thoSteamship Company will both be managed for Wallstreet. Speculation in their stock has glrondy begun, Our dispatches show nn unusual excitement on the Now York Stock Exchange. Since the nation furnished about all the money expend. ed for building the roads on which Jar Gounn and his fellow-conspirators nro now making profits, itia rathor a pity that the nation did not keep tho ronds it built for itaclf instead of handing them ovor to ntock- jobbers, ha Union Pacific owned by tho Union would bo adifferent thing from tho Union Pacifle owned by Jay Gounp. —_—__—— TAX-PAYERS AND EDUCATION. Tho organ nnd advocate of universal igno- ranco in this eity is much exercised over Tue ‘Trinusx’s opposition to the principlo that it ig the inalionable right of ovory human being, but especially of every froe-born American citizen, to be a dunco or a fool, aud aot his will to make a dunce or a fool of his children by shutting out from their young minds overy ray of intolligenco, What, it in sub- stanco inquires, wijl become of ont liborty, of our institutions, of constitutional govern- mieut, of civilization, of all tho elomonts that go to moke up civilization, of art, scionce, law, order, security, of the American Engle and tho Star-Spangled Banner, if overy man, woman, and child is helped out of a state of gross’ iguoraneo, if tho spelling-book and tho arithmetical table aro placed in tho hands of tho futuro-voters of the country? Bawaro, saya our morning contemporary, of geography, grammar, read. ing, writing, arithmiotic, etc. Thoy aro ter- rible things. ‘They aro the infernal machines which aro destined to dostroy tho Constitu- tion and overthrow the liborties of tho coun- try! Beware of con:pulsory education, for it is the inalienable right of the masses of tho country to reduce ‘thelr childron as near to the state of idiocy as naturo will permit, It imntters not that this is a country in which the masses rule, and in which, therefore, they ought to have a certain amount of education, ‘Tho less they know, it is insinuated, the bet- ter they will govern and be governed, Our contemporary is of courso all wrong in the course it has adopted in relation to popular education ; but it is not only wrong, it is inconsistent. ‘To bo in keeping with itself, it should advocate tho abolition of our public-school system entirely, tho cossation of taxation for educational purposes, tho sale of all municipal and other property now used for schools, and the disinissal of every school-teacher in the Iand, ‘Taxation of all citizens for purposes of universal education implica a duty on the pnrtof tho State to compel universnl education. The citizen who pays his school-tax has tho right to domand that that tax shall bo spplicd to the purposo for which he paid it, Ha has ® right to all tho: security it can give him. Ho has tho right to domond that it anall be mado to do for him ond for society tho maximum of good, aud bo made to af- ford himself and it a maximum of protection. Thero is o glaring and absurd contradiction in the puhlio policy which, on the one hand, taxes the people for educational purposes, builds costly schools, furnishes thom richly, employs toachors for them, and, on the other, says that tho tax may be wasted, tho school buildings unoccupied, tho senta empty, nnd the teachers do nothing, or but half of what they might do, ‘Tho taxation is compul- sory ; soshould tho education bo; and tax- payers have aright to insist that it shall be. All onlightoned tax-payers will so insist, ‘The tax-payers havo the ‘right to demand that, sinco the masses rule and since they ore taxed for the oduontion, of the masses, they ahall have as intelligont rulers as the taxes thoy pay can make,—that is, for another and independent reason, they have tho right to demand compulsory cducation, If thero bo a strange sontendictioye in taxing all Proporty-holders for educational purposes, and then lonving it optional with paronts to avail themselves of the educational facilities Placed at their disposal, thero is o still grenter contradiction in the policy of a pecple who are willing to be governed by universal suffrage, and willing at the samo time that universal suffragg should be synonymous with universal ignoranes, Since the people rulo, let the people be educated. Let us havea ruler who knows how, to read, and write, and think, Univorsal suffrage aup- poses universal education. The Inttor is, or ought to be, the basis of the former, Ulti- mately every question in a freo country like ours must be decided by the people. ‘To deolde rightly, tho people must ba edu- cated, And it not unfrequently hap. pens that the questions submitted to the pop- ular vote, indircetly if not directly, aro ques- tions of great intricacy, Tako the question of specio payments, for instance, There nover was f niore important question before the people of any country than this, on which our national solvency or bankruptcy may bo made to turn, Ultimately the people havo to decide it, And so with the quostion of freo trade or protection, and many others which might be named. Can the solution of such problems be intrusted to a people who claim as one of their righty the xight to universal suffrage? We think not, and hence our advocacy of compulsory education, We aro not scared by the word compulsory, ‘The public security always and under all cir cumstances justifies compulsion. Hence tho justification of compulsory tax-paying, and compulsory fighting in caso of war or revolu- tion, If tho public good demands the educa- tion of the people, that is sufficiont to war- rant that it should be eompulsory. Of all olassea of the community, tax-payers are tho most directly interested in tho question of compulsory educatio ‘ ———————— We print this morning some fresh and im- portant news in reference to tho great scan- dal caso, ‘fhe plaintiff's counsol have been greatly perplexed to account for the manuer in which the defenso obtained » few pages of the text of the ‘ Truo Story,” which was never published, but in which Mr, Tusron’s gravest charge was that Mr, Breomen madd improper proposals to Mrs, Trurox. It had boon supposed that the plaintiff possessed the only copy in existence, and the discovery that the dofense were equipped with a portion of the document was a genuine surprise, A reasonable and extremely plausible version of the method by which Bir, Brzonzn’s counsel obtained possession of the “'l'rue Story" ia furnished by our Now York corre- spondont, viz.: ‘that it was sont by Mr. ‘Tunron to his bosom friend, Mr, James Rev Pati, of Boston, who intended publishing the ‘statement, but upon reading it changed his mind and roturned tho manuscript to the owner, taking care, however, to provide himself with @ .copy, which, it is alleged, datonse ter the : trial bogan. Another interosting itom og nows jn connection with tha caso re. lates to tho position of Mr, Ricuanpa, Mrs, Tizrow’s brothor, who, fecling greatly aggrieved at tho severe commienta of the presa and tho strictures of Gen, Tracy pon his testimony, has been upon tho Point of publishing statement, which, it ty anid, would contain information most disnatrous ta Mr, Bexouen’s ease, Tho statement will not bo published, but our correspondent fora. shadows the intontion of Mr, Ricianps, fn tho event of his being reenlled to the witness stand, to tell many things which he withheld in his former unwilling testimony against hit sister, —_— HAW: N THE SOUTH, The speech of Gen. J, 2. Wawuty Againgt the Foreo bill, during the Houso session of Feb. 26, attracted much attention.. It repre. sents the views of the great mijority of Ite. pnblicans, howover distasteful it may bo te tho desperate gang of guerrillas who aro Ip. publican only in namo, and whom Butirz led until tho {th of March put an ond to bi chances of leadership. The South, said Hawzey, is to-day ino ad state. Corruption provails in some States; violonce in othors; illewitf in nearly all. Crime is rife. Ono State Government rests only on bayonets, Another haa beey tossed nbout from one set of rogues to anoth. er, until at length the people took heart of Graco, reformed their Constitution, put honest men in power, nud wero happily saved from Mr, Wanp's ingonuous proposition to han} them over to the rogues again, Tho question is, how tho States in which disorder prevail enn bo brought into subjection to the ley, ‘ They cannot bo so brought, declared thy speaker, by passing mora “force” laws, ‘Thoso already in existence aro atrong enough, They do what is needed at the North, and thoy do all that Inw can do at the South, Ail offenses against Federal laws can nox bo punished in Federal Courts, No further legislation is needed to mats tho machinery move. No Congression logislation can make the State Courts dis. chargo their duties. Tho only way to do this and at tho same time to lighten those duties is to educate the South. Tho brutih ignorance of the poor white and the -powr black breeds crime, Doth classes aro renily tools in tho hands of cunning, unscrupulo.s tricksters, ‘Their children must bo put into school. Thoy must learn self-restraint, must learn to prefer the justice of the Iaw to the revongo of passion. ‘hoy cannot be taugit this by statute, but they may bo by word and example. If leading Southerners of both parties frowned down disorder and heartily co-operated with the anthorities in their at tempts to suppress it, disordor would vanikh. ‘Two of the most hopeful signs of tho future aro tho Louisville Courier-Journal’s vohoment rebukes to white Ku-Kluxism in Kentuoky and Gov, Crawnerary’s stern suppression of black Ku-Kluxism in South Carolina, The fate of the South rosts with the South. So long ns riot, and murder, and intimidation prevail, so long will thore be frantio attomy-ts to centralize power at Washington. Whoa violence is suspended, thero will be no tik about suspending the habeas corpus. Tia Democrats are thus largely responsible for the centralization which they oppose. Ict them treat the negro with justice,—nobo!y proposes that they should forthwith fall ia love with him,—but givo him his duo, let him havo a fair chanco, no matter how bleck he many be colored. If he is treated fairly, he will bo anxious to ben good citizon. If ho has an opportunity to go to school, he will gradually become a good citizon, * Let the South treat its citizens decently, and it will have no reason to complain of its tren ment by tho North. THE WRONGS OF ALASKA, Wo haye recoived what purports to be 6 veracious ‘history of the wronga of Alaska. It is fathered by tho ‘*Anti-Monopoly Asso ciation of the Pacific Coast. Since the ce+ sion of Alaska, thoro have been many con plaints of misrnle ond cormption there, but this is the first clear and connected sw mary of the alleged abusesthat has been pu lished. Somo of ita statements aro given with no proof whatever,—as, for instance, thut the Prosidunt’s brother-in-law, Mr. , Dent, ‘was corruptly implicated in the matter,—bit others carry with them what is st least prina+ Jacie proof of thoir trath, We sketch the charges which are sufficiently authenticad to demand investigation : When Alaska was ceded, 8 San Francisco firm, Huronmsoy, -Konn & Co., bought out the Russo-American ,I'ar Company, which had untilthen monopolized the trade of tha now Territory. ‘This firm tricd ‘to got a mo nopoly, too, It was assistdd in ita schomesby Government officials, who wore rewarded for their services by good places with tho," Alaska Commercial Company,” which absorbed and succeeded the firm. ‘Tho sorvico rendered the Company by theso men, its future tr ployes, consisted in favoring the clearance 6 San Froncisco and entry at Sitka of the Com pany's ships, and in throwing every obstacle in the way of other vessels engaged in the Alaska trado, A number of vessels owntd by other partios wero seized at Sitka and sent back to San Francisco. In every onso, the United Statos Courts released these ship as soon as the suits had o@ hearing. March 24, 1869, Samoxn Fazcoxyn, Acting Colloctor of Sitka, selzed the ship Cwsar- witch ot Sitka and sent her to ‘Frisco, ht got there April 18, April 20, tho Distrie Court raleaued her, and she started for Sitk ogain.. Hor owners’ loss was reckoned = $100,000, Farcoxen waa discharged on a count of this, and was at onco employed bys Horommson, Koun & Co, Tho Collector of San Francisco, who did similar kind services for tho monopolist, soon became President of tho Alaska Commercial Company. This Company figured in the Washington lobby ero long. In 1869, Senator Cotx, of California, introduced a bill to make the fur trade with the Islands of St, George and 8b Paul, which produco ono-half the fur annual ly exported from Alaska, a monopoly, and loage tho priviloge for twenty yoars, At time, many firms had stations on the of While tho bill was pending, Govornmont too! possossion of the land, expelled alt the firm but Huronoingon, Koun & Co., and gave the latter permission to kill 8,000 seals a year ‘Thoy killed 60,000 on St. Paul alono, Col. F. W. Wieser, Colleotor of Alaska, reported the fact to Washington, and was immediately Te Uoved. The bill creating a monopoly became & law July 1, 1870, despite the most urgent protests. ‘Tho lease of the fur-business was Offered to the highest biddor, July 8, Whea the bids ware opened, July 20, the lowest wat that of the Alacka Commoroiul Company, $05,000 a yoar,—and the highost was that of Louis Gotpstone,—$227,000 a yoar, GotD> stone represented a number of ‘Frisco firms ‘Tho Alaska Company claimed the lease. The matter was referred to Attorney-Gen Axxawin, Ho decided, July x9, that Gold aruics ulsoald gob ths endiadat July 50, tb” tn