Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 28, 1875, Page 9

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1875.—SEXTEEN PAGES. ; 9 nodistant futare the youth of New York City inay be expected to displey # proficiency in itex- peeding that of the uneopbisticated country veusin, Something must be done with the tele- graph wires, andthe company proposes to bury them under groundand outof sight. They are to be laid peacefally to rest in coffins of coment, 50 together, and the whole city is to be made a cemetery. Tho cost will bo enormous, but what of that? Meanwhile the youthfol kite-flyer ‘will find eatisfation in the knowledge that wire tails to kites have a demoralizing effect on the telegraph companies, One slender wiro kite- tail, jadiciously strung over a dozen telegraph wires, will mix up messages in hopeless confo- sion. A word tothe wise ia sufficient ; and, as the season of kite-flying is rapidly approsching, the wayward sons of Bessammx Franxcry will ceasoto submit to tyranny without retorting in Kind. 4 NEW SCIEYCE—SIGILLOGRAPHY, ‘Usm Novverte Science, M, ALyReD Maver. Paris, 1874, The curious and investigating mind of man examines everything, pries into everything, and invests it, no matter how insignificant, with something of his own dignity, by the importance his investigation gives it. In earlier times, Sci- ence disdained to concern itself with the small, cand insignificant. In our day, it has been dis- covered that nothing is too diminutive to engage its care. The existence of such # science a5 Bigillography, or the ecieuce of Soale, is a proof of this, Sigillography is; a science auxiliary to History. ‘The same skill that, from s fow stone axes and other implements, from pieces of Dronze and iron, wrang the story of prehistoric man, has, from the seals used by our forefath- ers, thrown a flood of light on their ideas, be- liefa, institutions, and manners,—a light which itlumines the whole feld of history. Archrolozy has been enriched by the new science; and there are antiquarisos who, from the impression on a piece of wax, 2re able to read off to the un- initiated whole pages of contomporancous his- ‘At Gret, antiquarians busied themeelves only with the seals in metal or in wax attached to di- plomas, charters, ctc. Bat, during the last quar- ter of a century, the impressions of s vast num- per of ssale have been obtained ; and the colloc- tion thus mede hss afforded antiquarians an op- portunity to compere and ctsesify them, as well ‘as to determine tho age to which they reapestive- y botong, and to decipher their logends. By ‘comparing the figures and inscriptions an seals vwith other well-known dates, many obscure points of chronology, heraldry, ecclesiastical his- tory, the history of municipalities, and of tho in- stitutions of the Middle Ages, have been eluci- dated. Sealsbave been foucd of much more service to the historian then either numismatics or statuary, so rich is the information they have afforded to him. There are several works descriptive of seals already in existence ; among ‘which may be especially mentioned M. Douet’s Collection de Sceavx, and Demay’s Inveniaire des Sceaur. Those alresdy published are an earnest of whst msy yet bedone in this department of investigation. For the origin of the use of seals on docu- tmenta of great personal importance, or on let- ters, we must ascend to a very remote antiquity. ‘There are instances of their use recorded in the Bible, Jezabel sealed her letters with the King’s ring, to make the people of Naboth believe that ‘they had emanated fromhim. Their use was known in Assyria. The impressions cut in small precious stones of conical form, found smong the relics of its inhabitants, prove thet they can havo been used for no other purpose. The an- cient peoples of Asia all used them. In the Book of Daniel there is mention of doors sealed with the seal of the King. Their use ‘was well known in Egypt. Herodotus men- tions them as haviog been placed on the Royal Egyptian Tressury; and the remains of broken weals have been found on ancient Egyptian papyrus. The Greeks used rings in sealing. The Bomans sealed their letters, their acknowledg- ment of debts, deposits made by them, and the chests in which they kept their valuables. ‘he edicts of the Roman Emperors roceived their guthority from tho Imperial seal attached to them, Tho barbarians learned their use from the Romans. ‘The Church employed them in her official acta. In tho first days of the French monarchy, the custom of sealing with gems was general. ‘For = time the eostom fell into desuetude, but be- came general sgain at the Ren- gissance. Ono of the seals of Pepin the Short contains the head of Bacchus, or of Silenus. "That of Charlemagne was the image of Jupiter Berapia. Charles V. sealed his letters with an Eastern ruby, with the head of « beardless King onit, M. Maury fornishes numberless other examples of their uso. ‘The employment of a geal did not always exclude the signature of the owner; but, when the accomplishment of writ- ing became rare, the seal begina to make its sp~ pearance on all important documents, without any accompanying signature. The seal played ‘Very important partin the Middio Ages. The great fends) lords, like their Kings, confided tho care of their seal tos Chancellor. Chapters, ab- bey, and universities, gave them in chargo of an official who bore the same title. Chancellors never went without the keys of the chest in which the seal wes lodged. When Roger, Vice- Cuancellor of King Richard L of Englan@, was ahipwrecked, the Royal seal was found suspend- ed about his neck. The Mayors of cities carried the municipal seal pendent from s girdlo which they wore. s Jn the Middle Ages, tho use of the seal is Jound even among the peasantry. The seal was & voucher of position, A change of fortuno necessitated a change in one’s seal. Hence the Infinite variety which coltections of seals present, —varieties of form, type, dimensions, otc., etc. ‘The examination of seals has beon of graat wervice to students. .The sindy of the figures engraved upon them hss enabled us to follow the vicissitudes of the arts of design, especially of theart of engraving on stone. The examina- tion of a-sealhas been found sufficient, some- times, to fix a data, to elucidate the career of distinguished personage, to show mach of the etails of the everyday life of our ancestors. Pointe in the history of noble families, and the time of tbe foundation of certain institutions, have beon established by this means. The features of celebrated persons have been very faithfully preserved on seals. ‘The pictures of the early Kings of France have ‘been reproduced from their seala. They have also fornished suggestions for the history of ‘military art, and of arms. The costumes of nobles of tho Middle Ages aro found hero, if nowhere else. M. Maury has very long 2nd Minute descriptions of the military style of dressing in those times, which, but for the sci- ence of Sigillography, it would have been im- possible ta write. Says he: “Neither collec- tions of arms, nor arsenals, offer us so complete an ensemble of military equipment as the sigillo- Prgphical monuments I have just desenbed.” ‘Tho study of seals throws lees light on the costume of civilians in the Middle Ages ; for the fendal dignitaries loved to appear as imposing ‘88 possible, and preferred their military attire. Yet it suffices to enable ts to follow even the qavil costume throngh its principal phases—os- pecially the ccstumes of the fair eex—for three centuries, beginniog with 1140. First we have the outer tunic, with long, flowing arms, fitting the body closely, and exhibiting the form to g008 advantage. This style went out of fashion about 1230, and was replaced by another withont ‘arms or waist-ribbon. A short skirt exposed the tndertunic with its short arms. In 1290, the tunis grows larger and flowing, and the skirt Sweeps the ground. The widow is known by tho fhece of linen which covers her neck and envel- ope her face and head. The ecclesiastical drezs underwentjchanges algo, but not eo great as that But it is not anly the history of oos- fume ond of srt that ths study of sents bas illustrated’ We find on them She pycepective of whole cities, and tho repre- tevigtion of interesting monuments. Thus, or ‘the great geal of Humbert IL., we have the pic- tare of Vienna in 1948. Two, others afford a | society, thu best mon should keep away from it alto. picture of Lyons,—one in 1271, another in 1320. Ecclesiastical seals not unfrequently repre- sent councila. and other meetings of the clergy. Scenes of private life are leso-froquent; yet | memory, to forgiv they are not altogether wanting. Maritime scenes occur cometimes and give some important pln gether." ‘Judiciocs rocreation is the oly gure antidote to in~ temperance, ¢ princizal felling of mankind—its rentty, It is easy for tho mnn of a loose, careless, unholding it in very Gifficalt for’ person of steadfest memory ta forgive, I quite understand tho of Queen Eiizabata to the Countess of Notting- “God msy forgive you: .Teannot” Ediza suggestions for.the history of sbip-building and | had’s very potent memory. To euch persons of life onthe waters. The whalo-fishery seems | original injury comes back, years after, with the freeh- to have been a favorite subject of delineation. Tho history of the industrial arts comes in for its share in many pictures of utensils found on the seals of great mercantilo corporations. Jn the sixteenth oad seventeenth ceaturics the use of seals wes in its decadencs, The dis- covery of the art of printing wos unfavorable to their continued employment. And, with their nse, the art of engraving on them also decayed. ‘The delicacy of execution observable in the seals of the Middle Ages isicoked forin vain in thoso of the conturies above named. Tie ingenuity of engravers began to seek other avenues. Theart of engraving, such as it existed in the Middle ‘Ages, is among the lost arts. ‘Firat, instead of the pendent seals attached to the document to be authenticated, we find s cako of wax with an impression on it. Later, the paper receives the impress diroctly, and the seal, instead of occupying the first place, becomes only an accessory to the signature. As tho art ness of feeling 28 on the day upon which it wasen- dured; while, tothe nestons of poor memory, the jginal transaction ¢omes back ‘bhurred’ inne ustoe avery ‘and lo not know anything which more fascinates youth thon what, for want of a better word, we may call brill iancy. Gradually, however, this ‘peculiar Kind of estimation changes vary-much, It is no lenger those ‘who are brilliant, thooo who affoct to @o the inost end the best work ‘with the least apparent pains ard trouble, whom we are most {aclined to sdmice, Wo eventaaliy cone to admire Isboz, sud to respest it the more, the more openly it is proclaimed by the labor- ious man to be the catso of his success, if he has any success to boast of. Sa SS PERSONAL, E. G. Asay left the city Friday for New Or- Jeans, whero he will spond several weoks, Daxzet Ssucr, of Cincinenti, died of dirt. His constitution, in other words, was not as strong as those of other Cincinnatious. Senor Jnrenez, in the Leipsio Conservatorie, plays music like ‘‘ Melted Heaven!” We'd lize of writing becomes more genoral, the necessity | t¢ hear such music, by Jratuxrz. of sealing is felt leas and less, till finally, in our own age and country, the seal has left only the shadow of its former eetf, 1m the flourish of tho pen which is made to take its place. pomidlackdnt eet SOCIAL PRESSURE, Soctan Pnessunr. By Sir Anracn Hers, K. 0. B., ‘Author of ‘Friends in Council,” ote., ete. 12mo., pp. 412, Boston: Roberts Brotuers. Thoy want to cage Jesse Postenor, Boston's Boy Butcher, for the benefit of science, instead” of hanging him for tho good of eociety. "The tonor and soprano in a Boston choir were married recently. Tho met by chants, the usua way, and ultimately agreed to duet, Cxantes D. Fisner, President of the Balti- more Corn and Flour Exchange, was in the city yesterday, owing to the present reduction in Books which give us uscful knowledge are | paseonger rato. valuable, but books which sct our own brains at work are without price. Once srouse thought Grapstoxe, says the Liverpool Post, has dis- continued his subscription to ‘Ilaxsanp's De- to li if ii 7 ‘0 lively action, and it enters on tho endless | Polou toll, what aro they going to do about -it? The world grows impatient. carcer of observation, inquiry, discovery, and seldom, if ever again, sinks into the sloughs of sloth and spathy. Ono question suggests ancther; one step forward in the limitless fields of research induces a second, and the mind, de- lighted with its advance and its scquisition, pushes on with more and more alacrity and activity until babite of energy and exploration are tixod, and intellectual indolence and passivity ero no longer talerable. Mr. Ross, father of the kidnapped boy, threatens to sue H. K. Suacnizrosp, of Atlants, Ga., for writing » Dlood-and-thunder novel called “ Cantar Ress ; or, Stolen from Home.” A lady has written a superb spectacular play, and has leased the Grend Opera-House, New York, to playit in. Unleasit differs from any modern spectacular piece, sho will receive more ‘Tho world is full of books which provide us | credit for her courage than hor literary merit. information. It is easy to cram our minds with} Honavio Sermove nearly lost his aight the facts, until they aro slaggish a3 the cormorant | other day. He had been fooling with » strong which gorges itzelf with food till the whole sya- | solution of sulphate of oopper, and got some of tem is deodered with stupor. But the books | it into his eyes. Ho became totaliy bind for o which multiply our ideas ero singularly few. timo, but now manages to see more clearly than Their number is slowly swelled, as tho gift, or | ever. the power of fresh, quaint, and original thought ig rarely pessessed by oven intollectual men. Gen. Tracy montionea yesterdey the deep in- terest that Mr, Beccuea tekes in young men. ‘The world will allow, however, that this gift is | But it is not the interest he takos in young men, possessed in no mean messuro by the suthor of | but tho interest he took in a young woman, that “Friends in Council,” and that to him it is in- debted for s number of books abounding in con- the jury are called upon to consider.—Cincin- nati Conumercial, ceita, opinions, and convictions that fertilize and _ Galifornis item in the-Milwaukes News: enrich the minds thet receive them. To this number of precious volumes is to be They got Wan Tsmve, 8 Californin heathen, on the gallows, the other day, with a rope aroand added Sir Arthur Helps’ letest work, “Social | nis neck, and he inquired of Winuiaxt Nye, the Pressure." Its title is odd and a little puzzling, but wo shall not quarrel with it. We shall even forgive the lack of an index,—which is the last omission to be pardoned in any book,—becanse where 50 much as been given we connot find it in our beart to grumble at tho want of a simple mechanical applisnce, however much annoyed by itsabsence. In “Social Pressura” we moet most of tho charming peopio whom Sir Arthur is accustomed toassemble as ‘friends in council.” There is Rilverton, the philanthropist and philosopher, in whoin we plainly detect tho spimt of Sir Ar- thor himself; and impetuous, impatient Li Evesmere, who can’t abide long talks and prosy talks, and finc-spun, high-sounding, and imprac- ticablo theories ; who delights in opposing and chafing his companions, and, above all, in petri- fying them with stunoing qualifications, os Bheriff: “Chokee like h—1?” Yas,” said Warrant, “Chcokee, you bef,” and then they dro] him. Prof. ‘Marmews, of the University of Chica- go, lectures to-night atthe Opora-House, in Galesburg. He will give the lecture‘on “The Mock-Pearls of History,” which was received with such hearty laughtor and spplause in this city afew weeks ago. Tho Galesburgera have s rare pleasure before them. ‘The paragraphiats of tho country are vieing with one another in defaming the proof-reader. ord | We forbear to lacerate his soul with a reproduc- tion of their sneers, not from generosity, but from a eense of his superhuman power for evil over this column. We must conciliate him, for wo have suffered. Tae Chicego Journal ssys: ‘“' ScuEscs’s rule ‘seraclly big," “suffocatingly intercating,” and | for pokes-playing: Deal yourself the right and “dotestably observant”; and therois Sir Ar- | left bowers, and the rest in aces.” This doplora- the erudite; and Cranmer, and Mauleverer, the the prudent. thar, commonplace ; ble iguorance of the national game among the instractors of the people is too bad. Now, there ‘These are all gatherod at the maneion of Lord | is an exchange that would hola a “ fall-hnod” Ellesmere to spend the Easter vacation. It has | without knowing it—st. Joe Herald. been their habit for years to convene together at this time, and generally to employ thomselves A Western paper thus delicately narrates a touching incident: “Np Vose used to travel upon eome one topic of importance and endeavor | around Colorado with a performing bear, but s in unison to work it out. On this occasion, Mil- great change come ono day last woek, and now verton proases upor the company tho subject of | the bear travels around alo.z°. thinking over old social reforms, on which his mind is anxiously and | times, snd occasionally leaning up against a tree absorbingly engaged. ‘The friends flout histopic, | asa pang shoots though his bowels. Nzp is in- with polite grace and good humor, and dodge it whenever they can, feeling, neturally, oppreseed with its weight and discouraging difficultios. But hko a thorough enthusiast, Milverton dog- gedly holds them to listen to essays on the evils of the excessive bigness of great towns, public legislation, choica of men for officers, aud such like bulky themes. Many of his suggestions are eminently worthy of the attention of the political economist, but the average reader, like tho ‘ friends in council,” will better cajoy the miscellaneous conversations and the less serious diszertetion thatgrow out of the great social questions propounded by Mil- yerton. Each one of the party tries his talent for reasoning upon some topic retated to tho main subject in hand and there follow in turn informal essays on Ridicule, Valgarity, Intra- siyeness, Hospitality, Orer-Publicity, etc., etc. Quite a3 many good things sro uttered in the desuitory talk between’ the friends, as in the more studied pepers in which each prosents his pet prejudices and conclusions with order and precision. Also, as much by the high culture of these gentlemen, one is struck by their fino breeding. It is only where this last exists in perfection that persons can eey plain and diss grecable traths without giving offense. Neither of the friends hesitates to point in the most di- rect way to the wealmesses in the argument, or the foibles in the character of the others, when thoy aro up for criticism ; but the act 1s alwaya accomplished with an exquisite tact and delicacy that divest it of all suspicion of malico or imper- tinence. ‘This capacity for candor is one of the chief advantages resulting from polished man- | -inded of the popwlarquatrain : nere. ; "The most pregnant essay in the book is read, or spoken rather, by Ellesmere, and is, com- pressed into s single sentence. It notably illua- trates the beauty of brevity, and we quote it in support of the position. that to deal properly with the topic ‘+ Vulgarity,” would require hundreds of gentences, but Elles- mere, who has a genius for condensation, en- | ala gages to dofine and explain. overy form of tho atate or quality in a single period. And here we pave it: “All vulgarity: simply results from a want of self-confidence.” This iz one of the prolific ideas of Helps that brings forth a wholo brood of reflections. It exercises the minds of the friends, as 1t must tnt of the reader. Analysis, objection, argu- ment are provolted by it, and trains of entertain- + side that bear.” The following from Grezox’s * Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,” Chap. 20, is now the favorite text of the Plymouth Church : ConsraNTINE wns satisfied that secrot impurity sould be less pernicious than public scandal; and the Nicene Council wes odified by his pubic declaration that if he surprized a Bishop in the act of adultery, he skould cxst his imperial mantle over the episcopal Atoxzo Wazsripss, one of the oldest settlers of LaSatie County, died on ‘Thursday last ot his farm, 1 milo west of Marseilles, in that county, after s few days’ illness, ‘Mr. Wannainaz had Iived in that county for thirty-seven years, and by his sterling integrity and kind disposition had gained a wide and favorable scquaintance. He loaves a property valued st $100,000. Ho was 65 years old. ‘Mrs, Many Easratar, ano of the Massachusetts suffrage-shriekers, declaresthat ‘‘ while men wero born free, tho slaves havo had freedom thrust upon them, but women must achieve their froe- dom.” With the freedom to straggle zbout the country shrieking for the nght to vote, Mrs. Many Eastauy herself, we should say, bas achieved about as much freedom as a respectable white woman can conveniently handle.—Louis- ville Courier-Journal. ‘The New York Sun, recapitulating the oscula- toriness, so to speak, of Plymouth Church, wonders whether it will not bo shown that Brecues, Tm10x, Mrs. Tron, Mra. Moutros, Fnaxg Mouton, Suzanman, Tracy, Harripay, and Frank Canrenrin, kiseed the Woopuun.. On reading these things, says the Sun, one is re- saw Esau kicsing Karz, ‘The fact ia, wo ail thres saw; Law Esav, he saw Rare, ‘And sbe caw I snw Esau. ‘The Philadelphia Ledger is said to have patent ‘Milverton declares | blank forms of obituary verses which’ are filled uptoorder. The rumor hed its origin in. the simultaneous publication of the following origi- tanzas in the obituary column : Farowell, my busband and children dear, Though zbeent from you, do not fear, God will protect and comfort, too, So loro ane another 2s I loved you, Farewell, my wife and children dear, ‘hough ataent from you, do not fear. God will protect and comfort, too, $0 love one another as I loved you, Ayoung man named CornnzTH went to Vir- ginia City, Nev., gorgeous in garments, radiant ing and beneficial thought open out from it in | in rabies, and gerrulous in conversation. The manifola directions, inality in the ides, roforring ita source to the | and 1,” saying of Ruskin, that “vulgarity wasdeath ", honce, as Helps further reasons, ‘‘deficioncy— Yet Helps disclaims orig- | frequency with which be alluded to ‘* Watrenson “Monat Harstezp and J,” * Mo; Contac and 1,” “Buoss, of tho Enquirer,’ “ Bowes, you know,” and other journalists, led deficiency of hope, of faith, of sympatby—s | the other guests of the hotel to suspect a man want “of confidence either in one’s ordinary | who had kept such bad company. self, or of tho higher aspirations which belong | him » forger, to one’s better self.” They found and an attentive reader of the newspapers, his leisure time in various jeils bav- A few other fruitfal propositions we extract | ing given him an opportunity of getting ac- feom the essays and conversations, end then | guainted with the names at any rate of the great turn the volume over to—we trust—a host of | men he talked about. waiting readora: * To praise, with anything like judgment, is tho work ofan artist, To condemn, to vilify, to lamigeeta is ‘within every man's power. ‘The thing which makes ono man grester other, the quality by which we ought to measure grosthess, ia a man’s capacity for loving. Kors man to succeed in this life, he should have distinct and well-known foibles, This takes of the sharp edge of envy. Noman is sincerely loved except ‘by thoso who Imow bis foibles, ‘Tt is omy the busy und the overworked men upon ‘whom you can throw any oxtra work with some chance of its boing weleamed, ‘I believe that fatigue, siranle fatigue, fa the cause of our greatest errors, isiste hoart, its crowded, over-gos-Ut rooms, its peueity of ontertainment for bim, form o great draw- Set upan social life. ‘The tendancy of that Hie imock the brains ont of socioty. cocurs in a talk atont a pessage in John Mill's xutoLs ography, to the effect, “thot, in the present statect ‘The connection between a belt anda quill is not discoverable, but, as the Plaindealer’s con- tribution to the inane, let that pass. From Mr. than an-| Beecuen's remark that Mra. Mouurox’s testi- amony was a lie, we incline to think he drew his inspiration from the lowest, sources, and there- fore that Dr. Syntax has the best of the story. ‘The New York correspondent of Tae Cmicaco Tate- wsrisat isegain, According to him, and bim oaly, Uercues cuts up s2mo curious antics in the cour: room every littio while. ‘The Iutost instance is in his unt of tha tastimony of Ans, Mounron, The ‘Times reporter ssyt that Brecuxn, durmug ite delivery, «Kept his gaze fixod on the ceiling of the cours-room.” A TALE OF BEDFORD. The Home of John Bunyan and John Howard. Good Mayor Welldone and His Worthy Progeny, ~ The Love-Sickness of Mary Good- enough, and Love. Re- warded. Fritten for The Chicago Tribune, “Neyer been to Bedford?” So the next dsy wo betook ourselves, my friendand I, to the Bedford of Howard and John Bunyan. Leaving the railway station on our arrival, we walked down the long street on which the prin- cipal part of the old town stands to our hostlery, where wo made the most of the generous fare of our venerable host, who receivod us much after the ordor of the geod old days of his fathers who kept tho inn before him. At first the busy ap- pearance of everything around us and the smari- ness of the shops (stores) gave tho idea of largo city; but the scenery soon became more ‘and more of a rural characthr as we got among the tall poplars that skirt the lees densely occu- pied streets. Whethor it be that the soil is pe- culiary adapted to this tree, or that some latent virtue is supposed to bo inherent therein, it is certain that wherever you go, in or near this ancient municipality, the poplar in its greatest height end perfoction is sura to present itself to the view. THE TOWN is situated on the River Ouse, a clear and beauti- fol stream, which is, howover, so tortuous that from thence to the sea it winds a distance of nearly 50 miles; while that conventional follower of the rectilinear, the crow, in his flight, would get into salt water after 5 course of but 9 miles on the wing. The finest view of this quaint and picturesque locality is to bo had from the ceme- tery on Foster Hill; ond, as the walk thither ia by no means long, and the way richly inter- aperaed with buildings and objects of interest to the intelligent tourist, it 1s strongly recommend. edto intending visitors. There are, in all, five parish churches hore, and their antiquity sad pic- turesqueness cannot but arrest any attontive observation. Tie old bridge was removed early in the present century, and with it disappoared the ancient gaol in which Jobo Bunyan was con- fined, and where ho maintained himself by tho manufacture of his tag Isces, This was the “den” in which he ‘dresmed his dream,” wwhenco Christian and Greatheart and Hopeful set outons pilgrimage, whose history will re- main green while literature Iasta. With TUE GREAT ALLEGORIST full in our rinds we set out for the neighboring ‘Village of Elstow, the birthplace of Bunyan and tho scone of hia early dsys. The cottage in which he was born has fdded entirely out: of sight, not a trace of it being left but the spot of ground on which it stosd. But in a meadow, hard by, stands the oli church in which, as a youth, ho bad often performed the duty of ring- ing the belts ; I should rather have ssid of which heroug the bells, for the tower stands apart from the church itself, aod in its massive pyra- midal form, presents quite as imposing an sp- pearanco other. It was from this tower that Bunyan sometimes fled sysy in dread, when conscience the most etung him for his sins, less it should fall and ‘crush him; and he tolls us how he envied those of his comrades at such times who fearlessly pealed the bells, in which duty be go much longed to join, but from which he shrank afraid. "The tower is of such solid masonry that the two centuries which have passed away since Banyan’s timo seem to have added nothing to its age, por contributed aught.to its decay. The oid troo in the churchyard under which sat the venerable woman who rebuked young Banyan 28 the greatest seapegrace in thé parish, and whose rebuke, he tells us, ‘entered into bis soul and clave bia conscionca,” still stands; but, though tho woodmen has it the inexorable scythe ‘of Timo seems likely soon to gather it in, for it was known as an old troo oven in Bunyan’s day. ‘Witbin sn easy walk from Bedford lies Carding- ton, a protty villsge famous as having been the birthplace and long-timo residence of JOHN HOWAED, THE PRILANTHROPIST. Were he inherited his estate, and hither he re- tired after the death of hia first wife, and hisre- tam from hia Lisbon expedition end his impris- -onment in France, to enjoy himsclf in quiet and Yerive tho associations of his younger days. Tiere be planned whatever he thought most use- fuland beneficial, not only for his immediate tenantry, but for the sons and daughters of tho soil at large. From Cardington he set out, after @ second domestic afiliction which almost weighed him down to tbe ground, on thet glo- rious mission which he was 80 thoroughly quali- tied to undertake, and in which ho labored with a success which is this day acknowlodged throaghout Christendom. He visited Carding- ton occasionally during the efforts which s0 strangely cherectorized his useful life, but when he went thoro for tho last time, previous to that tour from which he nover was to return, it was to bid farewell to all that he had so long loved. He knew that much more of life could not be bofore him, and ho propared himself tor the ox- igency. In his will he provided for the prosper- ity of the objects of his caro, bequeathed a large share of his property to the poor of his neigh- borhood, and made perpetual provision for tho education of the villagers. His parting from the humblest of his friends was a3 tho parting of s father from his children. He had the strongest prosentimont “that he should uot bo permitted toreturn and Isy his bones in his native land,” yet ho went forth to his work, into whatever climo it might call him, to whatever suffering it might expose him. ‘In midsammor of the year 1789, but littla lesa than acentury ago, ho quitted his native land, to which he never again returned. Within six months after his departure he caught an infeo- tion at the bedside of o patient waom his bumanity induced him to visit, and in s few days tha great philanthropist was no more, “Lot no monument or monumental inscription,” eaid he with his dying breath, ‘be made to mark whore I am laid ; but lay me quietly in the corto, plage a sun-dial oo my grave, and lei1 =. fur- gotten.” His body lies in Russian ‘ his fame occupies the wholo civil HOWARD AND BUNYAS! ‘These names are surely honor onough for Bed- ford. The antipodes of each othor in social point of view, yet bound together not only in jocality but in that touch of nature which makes tho whole world akin. ‘ But Ihave something else to say of Bedford, and, n8I may not soon réviait it, I may a8 well unburden myself of it before this brief sketch is brought to a close. It is of her P GOOD MAYOR, WELLDONE, endhis worthy progeny, I wish to ssy a word. This was the successful boy who, unlike Whit- tington, left London to seek his fortunes, He heard no Highgate bells calling him to Bedford, but tuither he turned, whistling as he wont for want of thought. ‘Tho crowded city on the ‘Thames had given him birth, and that was all he knew of his ancestry, for —sther parent never on him smiled. Arrived #t Bedford, he found employment, by whet lacky chance he never quite undorstood, and, climbing by alow but sure degrees, he found himeelf in time's stout lad apprenticed to a gro- cer snd earning the good will alike of his master and bis customers. How his master’s daughter looked on'him with favorable eyes, and how he loved her in returo, and how her father at last gave his assent to the union and took: his son-in- Jaw into partnerehip, and how ho eventually died leaving his bleesing to the young couple, let this singlo kentenco inform the reader. Tho time came at length when litile Billy Welldone, that wae, became no less a parsonage than the Wor- shipful Mayor of Bedford, anda civic banquet ‘was piven on the day of his installation. 1¢ waa on that day that he made bis famons speech in reply to the toast proposed in his honor, when he capped his climax by congratulating himself on earning tho civic dignity purely by his own merits, having been “only an orphanless boy” when ho first eaterod the good city of which ho had now the honor to be Mayor. But, thongh Afr. Welldone’s ently education had been noglected, he proved to be a gocd man and agood Mayor, and bis memory is deservedly cherished to this day. It was -when prosperity had gettlod her emiiea on Mr. Welldone, and his family grown up about him, that MARY GOODENOUGH ‘was taken into his Wifo's service #3 hoasemaid. Now Mary, who was from s ncighboring parish and well recommended, was a gitl of singular grace aud beauty, and had, witha), a0 arof genaine modesty 20d delicacy’ not often Tound in Fersons of her degres. Of Ler, indocd, one might welt cer, a di the Princo of Perdita: ‘Tis io the pretifeat low-born lxsa ‘hat aver ran uyon the greenswanl, Nothteg sine does or seus sat maucks of something greater then herself, ‘Too noble for this olsce. 1 5 And Mary ‘as found to be so excallent o servant that her miatress began at length pees on her with a very sincere regard. But, by-and- by, poor Mary became very ill Good Dr. Viartly, the fomily physician, was called in, and. though every care wae given the sufferer, the Doctor found himself utterly unable to reach the cause of the poor girl’s malady. Wocks have now elapsed, and Mary's distemper _yiolés neither to medicine nor nursing, and the Doctor is at his wits’ end. . Change of scene and of sir is at Inst recommended, and at this the poor girl returns such a took of despair that the idea is at first abandoned. Removal is now decided on, and preparations are being made. Mary's appeal. to Doctor Hartly against the removal is tender- ingly made, but the good doctor is at fault in his diagnosis of the caso, and sees no prospect of recovery butin the proposed change. At last, when ‘every other hope bas fied, Mary begs that her kind mistregs will but pay her another visit, And then comes Sfrs. Welldone, with her heart all aglow to poor Mary, who begs that she may not be taken from under the roaf which com ers Master John—she loves him with all her heart and soul, snd if sho is to die for it, may it be near him,—near him that she offers up her life! Mrs. Welldone was at first taken by surprise, a8 may well be supposed. Bat, eing a woman of excellent common sense, sho took the matter at once into consideration ; con- eulted hor husband, the good Mayor ; stated tho ease to her son 3fr. John, the object of Mary's devotion snd the cause of her illness ; pleadod to Mr. John her ovn inspiration of aifection for his father, and dwelt on the happy results af their union, Young John Welldone was now his father’s successor in business. He was a hand- some fellow and bad good heart. He bad al- ready, perdups unconsciously, noticed Mary's beauty and ingenuousness, and, rather than she ehould die, why, he was not the mon to thwart bis dear mother’s wishes ; and if his father. the Mayor, had no objections, ho had none cither, and they might make a match of it with all his heart. As forthe Mayor, a8 soon as his wifemade the proposal, he entered heartily into it, and never rested," good man, until the young couple had tied a knot with their tonruca which they coal! not, and would not either, undo with their teoth. : ‘Ht turned out a most happy match; and, ‘as for the children,” sava tho good old Mayor, “if Welldono and Goodenough don’t make a good breed, there are no hopes for humanity.” OUR PUMPING-ENGINES, To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune: Cmcaco, Feb. 27.—We Chicago folks have had onrdisappointments. Siace disappointment is the common lot of man this is not perbaps wonderful ; still itis true. We have had oor disappointments. They began early, when wo were 10 feet nearer the contre of the earth than woare pow and they have continued to the present time, We wore disappointed, the most of us at least, when we first came here, to find tho town affoat on the surface of a quagmire; and we were disappointed continuously in finding that it grew larger, and finally that it grew dryer. Wo were very much disappointed in 1871 when, ow- ing to the oxtrome dryness, pretty much all of Cuicago went away between two days, ands great many of us have been very much disap- pointed to seo tho town come back again, greatly improved in general appearance. We have hed minor disappointments, the White Stockings, David's matter with the Treasury. Miss Magnussen, the Lakeside Monthly, aud McCarty, and tho water in Washington street tunnel, and Mr. Colvin. But, after‘ali, the very groatest disappointments is, that we should ever lack for wster, and that every gallon of thet use- ful fluid which we do have, costs us so much money. There has been a very general ides for agood many years that our elegant and showy engines at the Water-Works were rather expen- sivo, but still Chicago has always followed the policy of patting = good faco on matters, and we wero not disposed to grumble at trifices, ond, perhaps, if it had not been for the'Citizens’ Committeo, we might never have felt so very much dieappointed in our pumping-engines as we do now. Wo bad waited patiently for this report. We knew that the trials of the pumps were extended, snd that the deductions would be accurate, sad we sappozed mudlic. Bat once they woutd be given to tho more disappointment is our lot. Pacsing the dolicate matter of the ‘91-100 of 1 per cent less than” specified quantity, and the 2.96 per cont difference belween ‘weir ing” and the “tannel formula,” and.the not surprising fact a head of 150 feet cannot be maintaiaed unless as ‘much water is pumped into the pipes asis driwa out of them, wo find thf our pumping-engines are not liable to break down, and that in s list of fourteen engines considered ours stand tenth in economy, and that s standard duty wes assumed at 600,000 pounds, or 71,813 gallons of water raised 1 foot nigh with 1 pound of coat ; further on we shall note the fact that this duty is only about one-half of what other American engines are doing ; but lot us seo what showing our large and elozant engines (‘* designed,” to quate from ‘e report, “for reliability and success rather ie economy ”—in other words to stay together, simply, withoat regard to first cost or east of wwork performed by them!) make against even the very low duty per pound of coal * sasamed” asa ‘ foir standard.” ‘Let us first examine the thirteen hours’ trial with the South engines. The table given by the Committee is as follows: Total coal (anthracite), Ibs. raised, raised 141.5 feet high, or sbout 31,747,886 pounds, not gallons, raised 1 foot high with 76.5 pounds of coal, or 41,778,584 pounds ramed 1 foot bigh per minuto with 100 pounds of coal. Observe this reanlt, and bear it in mind in round numbers, 41,750,000 poands 1 foot high in one mionte with 100 pounds of anthracite coal ; also, elsh coals are to anthracite ag 934 to 9, best of each. This about taco-thirds of a fair average by tho 60,000 pounds daty. Also, remember shat, according to the report of our Committee, our magoiticent engines being Jorgor (?) than spy here- tofore constructed,—being in fect 70 inches bore by 10 fest atroke,—and wo shall be disappointed once more when ‘wo compare the South engines with the best Cornish performance in 1835, viz. : Cylinder 0210.4. Number pounds water raised 1 foot high in one minute, with 94 pounds Weleh coals, 130,248,331. ‘Thatis tosay we, m Chicago, in 1875, do about one-third the work with 100 pounds of coat that was done in Corawall just forty years ago; and algo notice that this Corn- wall ongino was 10 inches larger bore and + inches more stroke than our “largest engines ever built.” But we need not go so far from home, nor 60 baek into time, whon engineers, perhaps, looked more to performnnca than gratification of vanity, and work was built more to use than look at. ‘Let ustum to the Lowell report of certain Down-Bast pumving-engines ; wosball therejfind ‘90,000,000 pounds raised 1 foot high in one min- ute, of 90,000,000 foot pounds, with 100 pounds of coal,—considerably over twice the duty of the South engines. eae Or, again, is the City of Lynn, which gives in ite report nearly 104,000,600 of foot pounas for 100 pounds of coal burned, or about 234 times 25 much as wo got in Chicago from that amount of& fuel. ‘And it may bo as well to note here that the Duildera of these Lowell aud Lynn enginos of- tored to build engines for us, guaranteed to raiso 30,000,000 of gallons 155 feot high with 21}¢ tons coal por day, whereas wo now burn 47 tons adsy to raige aay 35,000,000 gallons 141 fest. Did we take sucha bid? Far from it. We proferred another pair of the largest engines in the world, designed very much moro for stebility thao economy, which only cost us about to hundred dollars @ day more for fuel tnan the Down-East engines would; but then we aro not mean-gpir- {ted as they are in some places, and don't care any more for a dollar than we do for our right eye, and can afford $70,000 s yoar for extra fuel if ve can have Isrgo and durable and showy en- Zines., But there is one more disspycintment in gore for us connected with this citizens’ report. ‘Phere is alittle contrivance called an indica- tor, which is sometimes attached to tho cylinder of apamping or other engine; when this is done this indicator makes marks on a piece of paper with s pencil which exactly map ont the work done within the cylinder, and show it trath- fully too, without decimals, and without any re- marks concerning ctability or extreme size. Taeso maps or pictores are called andicator cards, sud one of taem taken from the famous South engines during the recent triel has come to our hands, andit isa disappoiatment of tho largest ize.,—or rather would be, had we sup- posed the South engmes to come witnin some 10 or 15 per cent of a fair porformanca, gaye that while 616 horse powor of work was dove ou the piston, only 553 honie power of use- fal€dfect was obtained at the pumps—or, in other words, thst over ono-third of all the cosl burned by the ‘stablo” engines gocs to moving thoee gaily paisited ‘sud polished beamy, and reds, 2nd cranks, and fly-wheols, and (aiuge, so dear to the heart of their designer, doubtless, and most certainly dear to the tax- payors of Chicago, and perhaps siightly ous ot 6D; PRC an a TE Ta ioquire why 690,000 foot pounds has been “assumed” aa sfair duty when 100,000 is nearer tho mark, and why the trath is not told “in the citizeos’ report abont the stable “South” enginea? Why do we burn two or three tons of cosl, instead of one, to pamp our water? Would it not be thought odd if the city were to station 3 man atthe farnaca doors of the Water-Works boilors solely to put a dollar note into the fire with every dollar's worth of coal ? This is exactly what we do, whether it is “stable” engineering or marine boilers, whether it is the vanity of one man encouraged and sup- Ported by the cwpidity of others, whether it ts fraud or stupidity er both together, the fact is indispntable that we barn about 734 pounds of coal per horse-power per hour, while steamship consumption, with saltwater, is from 13 to It¢ pounds, and that we aro so well pleased with this result that we are going tohave more justlike it. And now, whatcan be done about it? How can the stable “South” engines and the huge marine boilers, which e1 8 pounds of Wator whero thay should get away with 10 or more, how can they a! where fonginiossesp aie ho ey be ‘This question will be answered fully ina few days, and aa a closing disappointment the atate- ment is offerod that it can be done without cost- ing Chicago one cent of money above her pres- ent outlay for water supply. Don't risk anything with 2 stubborn cough, wh safe remedy mey bo had in Dr. Jayne's Eepctorane Sore Invgs and throsts are speedily helped by it, FIRE INSURANCE. NIAGARA FIRE Insurance Co. OF IN. Y. CHARTERED ..............-.1850. CASH ASSETS $1,500,000. Invested in U.S Bouts, 00,000. LOSSES PAID, OovER $4,200,000. Term Risks in the LATE Underwriters’ Agency (com- posed of Hanover, Germania, Republic, and Niagara Ins, Co’s of N, Y.), may be RE- WRITTEN IN THE “NIAG- ARA,’ at expiration, and we will be pleased to issue poli- cies in lieu. DAVIS & REQUA, AGENTS, 153 LaSalie-sti, CHICAGO, ILL. GROCERIES; GROCHRINS ! BUY YOUR FAMILY SUPPLIES AT SLACK’S MAMMOTH GROCERY HOUSE 109 East Madison-st., Botween Clark and Dearborn-sts. Save from 10 to 30 Per Centand Get Standard Goods, Fresh Arrival of Fine Flavored New Chop THAS! At the following LOW PHicEs: Qolong - - - g is Youne 17 uuppowder = Snghat Breakfast Standard A Coffe Sugar, per 2. Granulated Bagar, per ‘Now Turkey Prunes, per D. Choice St. Loaia White Winter Wh ‘ern Queen,” per brl.... Choice St. Louis White Choice Minnesote Spring.. STAPLE and FANCY GROCERIE! ‘Oi evcry description, at prices that defy competition. + Quads delivered wo any part of the elty free of abarge. Countey orders enrafaily aad Deampily attended tor C.EX. SLACHE, ‘WHOLESALE AND RETAIL GROCER, 109 East Madison-st. DRY CLEANING. Economy IN DRESS IS PRAISEWORTHY, ‘The mathod of renovating soiled clothing, and restoring the original lustre by = The New Dry Process; Originated soveral years ago with AUG. SOHWARZ, ‘who has eucceadad in making it popalar, as our ladios can testify to the exse and odiciency of the cleaning in this way, so far superior tothe old plen of washing, with ite inevitable ripping. Trimmings aro neve: removed in the D&Y PROCESS, nor istho carmont chanzed in any way; boneo Dresses of any matortal, Embzoldered Sacks, and all soiled goods aro 1nade to look like 2ew. Labor and ex- penso are savod, and pradent peopl resor: to the ostab. Ushmoats of Mr. SCHWARZ, at 153 Ulinots, and 265 ‘Went Madtison-nt, ADVERTISING. ve ws on VERTIS WRERE rT Pays YOu KELLOGG'S Urea Memspapor Lis ‘The best evidence of the value of an advertising medium is the opiaion of othér advertisers who have tried that medium. Read the letters found below, from some of the most prominent advertisersin the country. We could present many more, but the sub= joined will show the sentiment of them all. All tes= tify in the strongest terms to the value of Kellogg's Co-operative Newspaper Lists as advertising me diume: i‘ q i s a , Dec. 11, 187 ALN, KELLOGG, Eao.2 MAG Dees Hh Be ‘Dear Sir—We are highly pleased with the results of our adversising in the Co-operative List of Weeklies, Since waking the experiment our business bas in- creased more than four-fold, and is still increasing. ‘We regard it as the cheapest and best means of reach— ing the country trade yet devised. We shall try it again. WILSON, PEIRCE & CO., 382 Clark street, Chicago, Sole Manufacturers of the Celebrated’ Adjustable “Threshold in the United States. ‘ Cucaco, Dec. 1, 187%. A, N. KELLOGG, Esq. i Dear Sir—We have frequently tried your Lists of ‘o-operative Papers for advertising our business, and fave always deemed them of particular value for those who are desirous of establishing agencies throughout the country. Yours respectfully, NA. PARKER & CO. Sobscription Book Publishers, - 163 & 165 South Clark street, Chicago Curcade, Oct. 3, 1874. A.N. KELLOGG, Eso: ‘Sirtn reply t> your favor I will say thar the advertising I did some time since was for the purpose of securing correspondence with agente, and the results derived were of the mast satiafactory nature. [will close by heartily recommending your Lists for those desiring to secure agents or canvassers in the territory covered by your papers. Yous very tly, 5. HOLDERNESS, ‘Manufacturer of Rubber Stamps, 153 Maplison street, Chicago. Crrcaco, Dec., 1874. A.N, KELLOGG, Ese, 77 &79 Jackson street, Chicago: = Dear Sir—We are constantly advertising our Safea and Locks, and have given your Auxiliary Lists a pretty thorough investigation and test. We consider that our investments in them have brought us as good retums 2s in any other advertising mediums we have ever tried. If not absolutely the best, we believe there is nothing beuer for. general advertising, or Sa ae ee um for tre mency, than your List, ‘ours respectfully, HALL'§ SAFE AND LOCK CO. Goopsrrap's Exring Postisarse Horse anv Bini Exon: Curcaso, Jan. 23, 1875. ALN. KELLOGG, Ese: : ‘Dear Sir—Having adverticed in your Lists of Papers more or less for several years, 1 believe you have done me more good for the “same amount of moncy than any other medium Ihave tried, As an evidence of my confidence im your'various Lists of Papers, f would say that in February I shall make a contract with you for one year. Furthermore, your square and liberal dealing with your customers cannot fail te recommend you to all business men. Very respectfully, J. W. GOODSPZED. Cincaco, Aug. ¥ A. N. KELLOGG, Esq.. 77 79 Jackson § EAR Stn—I take great pleastire in heart ing your list of weekly n=w Tent advertising medium. 5. “The card which I insered las paid me several times over, bringing me between two and three hun~ dred letters and resulting in a large number of profit- able sales. Yours, ete Manager of * American” Sewing Machine Co.. ‘242 Wabash avenue, Chicago. ‘New Yonx, Dec. 16, 1874. A. N. KELLOGG, Esq: _ ‘Dear Sir—We have advertised in the Co-operative Newspapers from the beginning of their publication. Jncreasite the amount year by year, until last yeas we paid for advertixements in them more than One Hundred Thousand Dollars, cash. Our- experience is thar they give as good. satisfaction to advertisers aa any class of newspapers in the country forthe amoun l. Yours truly, S. M. PETTENGILL & CO. Newspaper Advertising Agenss, 37 Park Row, * New Yonx, Dee. 14 1874. ALN. KELLOGG, Ese: ‘Dear Sir—In reply to your inquiry, we beg to say thar we early recognized the advantage to advertisers Which could be secured by your system of printing Tapers, We commenced to recommend the Co-oper= cee Lists to our customers as early as 1367, and SINE then our orders have increased steadily, until Ne ind thar the money we have paid you amounts te Hundreds of Thousands of Dollars. “On the whole, we have found them to give as zood satisfaction a any other advertising mediums. When we say this, Se mean exacly y and make no excep tions. ally. ROWELL £ CO., nis, 4 Park Row,N. Y. Boston, Dec. 14, 1974. A. N. KELLOGG, Es A ‘Dear Sir—in summing up our receiptsand exp=nses for advertising daring the past month we find our total expense in the various mediums amounted tw - $1,178; and we were not a litle surprised to learn that more than one-third of all letters received came through your Combined Lists. ‘We will aiso add that our gross sales last month amounted to 46,0c0 boxes: Chang Chang. of ‘which 26,000 boxes went South and West, for which please accept our hearty thanks apd fut age. Truly yours, future PAHTONSBSs AUNYON & SAYLES, Proprietors Chang Chang Manufacturing Co., 113 Washington street, Boston, Mase. 3874. Newspaper Advertisin; 2G-A good advertisement ina newspaper paysno fare en railroads; costs nothing for hotel bills ; givesaway no boxes of cigars to customers, 6r merino dresies to customers’ wives; drinks no whisky under the head of traveling expenses, but goes at once and all the time about its business free of expense. ‘The Lists inclade papers in the following States: Chicago List,|St. Louis List, €5.50 Pre Lie. $2.50 Pre bse ‘West and Northwest./ West and Southwest. Mater. Biauts, Liberal Discounts on Orders of $50 and Over. Orders received for all Co-operative and all other recognized Lists. ‘Advertisers who pse cuts need furnislt us but one for the entire 650 papers. This item alone will save hundreds of dollars to parties whe necessarily employ cuts for trade-marks or other purposes. x5 Full information afforded on application, ygitt Mop showing location and! distribution gh Paperr. A. &. KELLOGG, Proprietor, TT, 79 & Of dackson $1, Chicago, GENERLL NOTICES. Tax Sale Notice! Until March 1, 1875, Tax Sale Cartificotes held by the city can be redeemed or pur- chased, as follows: For City Taxes of 1873, for amount of sale and 5 per cent promium; after March 1, the premium will be 10 per cent. For City Taxes of 1872, and prior years, the rete is 25 per cent. The buyer Will be entitled to the accrued penalty of 25 per cent on Certificates for Taxes of 1873, and 75 par cent on those for Taxes of 1872. 8. 5, HAYES, Comptroller. Chicago, Feb. 17, FLOUR. Best Quiosy Wile Wine, ced. Delivery tree. Order Dy peat oe Gaikey Nils Ottce, 23 Wea Van Btw e®