Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 27, 1875, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, F° SBRUARY 27, 1875,--TWELVE PAGES. BEEF-PACKING. Why the Business Has Not In- creased In Chicago, Gruwing Importance of Kansas City as @ Slanghtering Point. How it Is that Poor Boef Is Sold in This Oity. Manner in Which Sianghtering Is Cou- ducted Here, Its Needless Cruelty. The live-ntock intercet of the West and Bouth- eat, In ell ita phases of Mnancial and commor- staf importance, ia an industry of vast magni- pide, and the fiifluonce which it exerciees on the general prosperity of the country is probably moro than can bo brought to bear by any other tinglo futereut, Pow realize tho important part abich it plays in tho drama of supply and de- taand, or the intrivate, yet eystemntic, manner in which the bnsinesalsconducted, Sovasta specu lative flotd doon the ubjectcontaln, that thelimit- sd apace of ono articla will not admit of ita thor- ough survay, yot eaongh cxn bo rald of the rais- tug, slaughtering, and packing of beef in con- nection with our focal trade aud tha Western branchos,-to convey to the readers of Tuy Trtn- TNE an ndequate idea of ity charactor and mag. nitutle, THE PIRKT DECIDED IIPRTUS folt hy tle cattle interest of Chicago was in 1932, During the last namod season the city’s pactangz and slipping (vader were bogun, aint from that Gate up to the present period tno shipping trads hiss exhibited a steady nnd rapid iucreauo, no lees astonimhiug in ite growth than in the toultiples action of the capital involved, ‘This epordy growth, aa most are aware, can only be att-ibutnd to tho factthat allthe principal railronds which pass through tho cattlo-rsising regions coucentrate at this point, and that tho younage capaclty of the Union Stock-Yard Coim- pany Ia undoubtedly equal, if not superior, to shat of any atock-yara in the United Statcs, WHENCE THE CATTLE cont, Aw thia article deals with tha packing interest, the question naturally ariees, Frou what portion of the country do tho onormons number of heaves which aro slaughtered annually coms? At will therefore bo necessary to revert to tho period when tho Western cattle interoat was in tomparative Infancy, and tha widespraad not- work of railroads which now deposit #tocs at our head contre, and travorso thé boundicss ox- panso of Weatern pratrio, wore facts of the dim (ature, At that time the supplies were furniuhed almost oxclusively by the Htates of Ilivoia, Missouri, Ohio, aud Indiana. ‘hs land at thet period was in about the same atate of cultirasion and improvement as the Far-Weatern prairin of the preeent day. Stocl-raixers in that section conkt therefore compots sucacnefnily with alt other tated in the Cuton, os the Isud, figure tivaly eposking, cost them nothing, aud the fururlant grass yave ouiple nutrimont for fat- toning tho uxttio for markot. Tho cxtabhiehing ot tho Union Stack-Yarda in 1865, Just after the War, perinanently decided the snucess of Chicago aya cattln-suipping cen- tre, the recuipts of that eeason execodlug 40i),- Whead. Exch succeeding yoor has witnessed a locided inerouse io the trafile. THY PRESENT SCRATON, . which fa almost ntan end, will bo po axreption $a tho catablinhod oxoansion, over §07,0W bond paving concentrated atthe Stock-Yards dwing 1874, en ronte fcr the various Esstorn and Northern outlets. At tho present timo Mlinois heads tho lint ae a source of domostic atock, both inthe number of eattio raised aod the quality of the beef, and Tudiana bringa up ths rear. ‘The extinction of domostie cattlo-hreeding in any notable number is but a qnestton of time, how- evor. Via fact is ® coneequenca of the luevitable surge weutward of civilization which uns forced the stock-raiser to whit lis * atamr lug grounds ” further West, where tho soil Is yat antilled, Therefore tho domest{s stork: which Se are now furnisiied with is raised within tho Uinita of a comparativo pasturo, But thin diver- won, althongh changing tho base of supply, doea not decreaso our annual shipping roccipts, On tho contrary, it swells the footincs, an tho nea board and northern regions must be supplied, and tho wants of our local trade watiaflod. On tho other Land, what offect has this diver- tion of trade bad upon A THE CHICAGO PACKING INTEREAT ? On tho impulse of the moment, ono would naturally oxclata, “If Chicago, aa a rnitroad snd abippiuy contra, has attatned & supertority over ali othor States in the Union, her paozing interest most have incroaned in tho eame ratio.” Many aro aware te! (bisis far from being tha ease, for, instead of lucreasing, our annual boof- packing statistics show @ wtuady deoranve, The cauno of this weakening chould ba solf-evident, as tho nonror the base of stipply cattle aro Packed, tho more will bo ‘saved in fyaight expenecy, Theroforo Kansas City has gupplanted Chicago as 4 bedf-pack- lug centre, na Maven City will in her turn bo supplanted bya future metropolis nearer thenctting ann, At tha prosont tims tho boainess ntihzes vast regions in Kansay and Texas intherto worthievs, aod roquiros 60 little Inbor aud capital as to hava bocome very popu- Jar, herds of 20,000 to 40,000 oad of cattle owned by one man boing 10 rarity. ‘Tho only cara da- volving upon tho herdor is the yearly PUANDING, which takes ipises tn tho spring during tho ealving period, when ouch calf is brand- od with a peculiar mark, or the lu. itila of tho owaer, Thoy are thon tutned Icose, and allowed to ronin the country at larse, until the snecoeding apring tho herder dixposos of bis stock as auitehts convenienca, which is governed by the provailing market price, ANOTHER FACT which has proven detrimental toour cattleepaok- juz futorent Is the logiplativo act ‘which waa Yaseed several seasane ago, when tha ‘cattle diecano” was prevalent. ‘This act prohibits tho shipment to this point of ‘Texan cattle, except between the months of October aud April, as at ult other portions of tho year cattle thus hipped are anpposed to ine cculated with a skin dieenso which, Fhon brought in contact with domenile cattle, fuvariably proves fatal to the tatror, This act for atime effectually placed an imbaryo on Texas and Kansas receipts. Tho new law at tho presont, howevor, in not atringoutly enforced, and the shipment here of wild esttlo for sity con- sumption or immediate yneking purpoves fe carried on as nual, Tho ciuziog of Texnn cat- tle upon Wiinoliy, Mivnourt, Ola, and Indiana farms has, through the enforcemont of the act, been totally abolisued, au it was proven to bo highly injariousa to the dames'ic THE FOLLOWING 11 a taken from tho Board of Trade reports, show tho avonal rate of decrease In Curcayo of beef. packing since tho recoipt of any uctacto unmber of “Texans”; MANBAS CITT Bt present has fonr beef-packing establishments. Que tirn is operated upon Chirsgo eapitel, nud picks nearly one-fourth of the whole amount of eef pus vpatihat point, The fact thas brof in a packed condition can be whipped from Kansas to any point in tho United Htates for only 10 cout more per 100 pounds than the same Kiock can bo shipped from Kanzas hore to bo #laughe tered, iv conclusive proot of the advaulage which the former city now holds. Even wore the freight obstablo removed, the shipping pro- cess would be found to bo a losing transaction, au Leof packed in Kaness Cizy ia tar more juicy than the Chicago production, the cattle batng slaughtered fresh from the pists, wnd thet Yosh not worn down by tha tedious simcen of swhipmont. The condition of Kausas cattls this woayon, both in welght and flavor, iw better than laut year's average gradcy, aud the yleid of tal. iy avesaged ten pounds moro to the bul- Another fact fn relation to the Kaouss interest ta well worth worlux. ‘Lexx, which haw foc tho cee years teou the fountain-head of 1h0 sau cattle supply, iu bog ORADUALLY VACATED LY bTOCK-RAISERS, and the “wtamping grounds" whifted to within the lindte of Kanwi grazed ip Texas, and at exch’ sugevsdivo calving lod driven into Hanwas., to be tar aed; but ranchinen and” stacl-rais.1 are‘ ahve to tha fac. thi Rue seaede a Aner crating purines a6 Tors, ond jaz, Droviously ghe cattla wore. as tho comparative civilized coniit! of thin formor State lends protection from roaming anil wander, Lande of Indiana, tho raisers vatu- rally prefer ta herd their stock in Kanras, THR MATTER OF EUROPEAN REQUIREMENTS fs also a notable branch of the trade, as tho fol- Jowing figures, showing the oxports fram tho United States of cattle prodnct for the first niao months of 1974, will testify Hair, mannfartured.... Malrynmannfactuced, Hilden nnd ekins Mioacellaneour Tolab..., From thoee port oxtausively ovory product of tho hoof that dons not como under tho hoad of provisions, a8 well onthe Iattor, Tho raw matorial of hides, however, lends all the others. Notwithstanding tho peat year has beou ona ef onoral donrcr- mov, our exporta have jucreased, although our {mporta havo decreased, Thore is ayo nor and tacicasing source of LEATHER ACPPLY from the Ytates of the Pacitic cvast, ‘fue leather Which ia mado in this Rection is said to bo of a Boporior quatity, and, althoughtho tanning buai- ness in set in compatativa tutancy, is becoming widel: kvown, na thers Lave been dosing the past year Bhivmants of Callfornia tauned Kolo. lentuer to Buaton, Gormans, and Japan, ‘The bark that ia used in tanning ts found to ho ofa veuv superior nature. as it makes 9 xtrong liquor, and proscrves tha weight of the hides, aid i- parts to tho leather strongth, softness, aud pliability, and finoness of rain, it is claimed, bot found in tho leather manufactured ia nay other portion of the United S:atay, Tie bark ia frora the choutnut oak, and ts said to exi-t in ineshaustibls quantities on the Iacitlo voaet, The live or avorgreau oak nlso yioldaa larga amount of tannin, which js somotimod need, but not to £0 great on extent oa the other, Ono picat drawhack is said to exist in the scarcity of No, 1 hides, ovlog to tha carclosunosa oftho butchers in taking them from the ani- ‘Chia {aan easily remedied diticulty, aud long stand in the way of progress, Another drawback is in tho ace tion of the Continl Pacifico Railroad, which cieceiminates against leather and jn favor of hidea in its freight-rates tu the East, eo that, while hides can ba and are shippall oxlensively ata proat to Bunton, the shipmunt of loasuce la almost prestuded by rates nearly double thoso on biden, This is elso a cana of tho Featclty of goolhidos, a9 it costsas mach taxbio poor ss food qnahts, Tha total nnmoer of bides tanned in Calitornia in 1874 was 928,420. To seinen to our LOCAL TRADE. Tho Chicago boct-packing business is conducted hy four of tho turgeyt firma engased in pork- packing. Abont 11,000 beat wore packed dir- ing Jant eeason, roatly Texans, tho sailing valua of which wan £360.09), and of tho protect, in- eluding sall and puckuges, avont £600,010, Con nected with tha business are four firma who operate for parties on the other aide of tho At- Jautic, They hada very flat ava unprofitabls season last year, un tha market throngkeut riled. tao high to operate euccesafally, Anothor ine teresting ttem in the trads fs the nuinber of cattle which aro slaughtered dally for CITY CONSUME TION, inasmuch ns the amount of fresh beef annnally conaumed by the inhabitaats of Ohicago is fully Fovon times the smount packed during tho sums main, cannot perlod. Chicago consumes between = 00 and 409 hisad of cattle per_diem, thres- fourths of wich namber aro Texuns, Mneh bag been sald of tha grado of beef which is sup- phed the city vy tho Btock-Yard batchers, and Groat dissatisfaccion has been oxprossed to ro: yard ¢9 tho matter on several occasions. The ‘aetia that soms very good cattle are elaugh- tered for the Chicazo market, but such, nnfor- tnnately, ara an exception to the general rule, ‘The wante of ovr Jocal trade are mainly sup- plied with the poorer sorts,—such Ba sre not fat enough to make it profitably toubip thom any great distanco. Eastern ship. pors at this pout, ara abla to pay & highor price for tho hooves than the locsl butchuc, a8 tho prica which thoy receive from tho Euatern Plaughterer for a choice grado of stock will mora than counterbalance tho vain in prrolinatug an ine ferior grade at a lower flgare. ‘Charofore, when roaching Ghicugo, cattle ranging below the minis mum grado, for want of a ahipping purchaser aro saddled on tho city markets, Ils t* nota very pleasast fact forthe epiaurean beef-conaumerd of our town to ponder upon, yet, whila tho prade of cattle which shall be slauzhtorad is lore eutirely to tua batchera’ option, she prapans practice will probably remain undistueoed, ‘THY FACILITICS POR BLAVONTENING cattle at the Union Btock-Yarda nre of a anporior nattire, a3 8 elngis firm can, fx ths busy) part oof the ~—aéason, wlaugbter, skin, and d-oss 400 hand daily, From o Ltumana pont of view, bowever, the mode of lauchtering is not characterized with the many points of porfection notablo in the hog-kilting proceus, sad, It ts honed, that A FRW AUGOESTIONN wilt prove of benelit to tho batcher. Until withe ina tow yeaca it has been the custom iu slaugh- terlng to dispatch the cattle by fracturing the skull with a tron matlet, ‘fhe ernolty of this pro- cosn was Kolf-evident, however, and aw reform fn the method soon adopted, Tha improved mode wan etsled the ‘spoaring procoss,” and consisied of puncturing the aulinal's neck di- reetly bait of the horns with a barbed inatri- ment attached toa jong polo, Cho spear-thrust, when directed by practical hands, neatly severs the spinal column, ind the animal is wwcouscious of all that happeos aftorwar.l4, a8 in a person who undergoes the operation of having a molar oxtracted while undor the influonce of an anws- thetic, During tho last season, howavor, this Practice, in ond or moro of the city alaurhtor- Ing-Louses, bas been almost entiroly aboliatiod, Inasmuch as it requires mora harda to opsrace it, aud consequently in the long rum is more ax- ponsive. For tbe want of this bamano proces {he cottle heva bean “ bauled in” in tha old- fashiuned way, and literally mauled to death, A dencription of tho joterior of A CATTLE SLAUGITENING-TOUSt and th different stages of Iulling will tond to make tho reader fully anpraniste how noaossary it id that the oporation suould be performed tna systematio and moroiful manner, Cattle de- signed for lating aro driven into sectlonal pons which aro immediately connected with tho tlaughtering-room, In porforming the anear- ing oporation tha apearer walks ovor tha top of each pen and dolivois the fatal thrust, and the auimal inunedistely drape to thé tloor of the pen uncousctous, ‘The door connonted with the tinighteriug-room ia then opened, aud & rope noose atlached to the cow's horns, and the inaui- mate carcaes ia hauted to tho * binoding-guttor,” The cow isthan bios, by opening the principal vein 13 the ood, and the blood caught in basing, Aftor the bieodiny procoas ts effoctod, the hide is quickly atelppod fromthe yot quivering touts, and the disemboveling process gono through with, Ths hody ia then rendy to bs quar- tored and dividad, aftor which the beef 18 allowed aday toovol, On the othor haud, if the wpeariig operation {s noglected, the acona of slaughtering ty one of dire confusion, The catile song to be passenuad with an almost human in- atiuet of the torinres which are about to be in- iheted upon them, and thelr terror and rage f4 heightened by ths sickening stacl! of warm bload which ia walled to them from tho slaugh- teri ‘oan. | ‘Thig {a found to be axpeolally tho care with Texan cattle, for, having beou Tawel on tho plaina, they are unaccustomed to restenint of any nature. ln tho absence of the pearing process, the cattle are lassaod by the horns apd drageed into the wlaughter-room, the other oud of tho lagu belug attached toa wind- ings, efter boing rnuthrongh a ring whicls iu fos. toncd tothe brink of the lauding-putter.” tho animals' heads ere thus drawn closer to the floor as thoy approach the ring, aud, on reachtug the end of thelr rope.” the slanghtorer, armod with ahearrsledge, takes hie sland over the doomed brutes, and by a half- dozen blows fractures their aiulls, ‘Tho torture ondured by the aulinals thus dieponed of must be intenso, the agonizing expresalon of thelr jwotrading oyea aa they -are being “ brought to the floor” clearly — indicating — that they ure sutferiog indosoribablo pain. ‘ao cave ‘ia nich more horrifying when the slaugllerer 1a A mera bov in streugth, snd thua oblized to strike tho suimal at lonut fiftees blows before life woxtinct. ‘Vhte last supposition sometinies mokually ocuurs, and iw not in tho least over- rawn, Srum thia account it will ve seen that the live-stock futerost in relation to vattle-raisiug pnd packing can bo oxtended alinost {nilellnise. I aut, as there ato vast tracty of land went of tho Mivrouri River which have not iv any ro- nvect boon wlifized, itis far tv coucluda that the intorcet. will not bavo reached the meridian of itu growth for man: to Donte Hoo’ Crowe Havinann (HHL) Aratr, We have hesid several persons from the coun- try reinark that they had never wotioud vrows jn (heir neighborbood in auch groat nuinbor aw of Tato, and express ® wonder as tothe cause. We aro informed that afew daye ago a man living vouth of town thought tt would ba sport ta see ow tasuy of thein ho could Kill with # abot-guo ate hot, Mo quda three tris, and iu tho threo whote killed thirty-tive. Tle bad « curlouity to seo wit thoy bad boon eating, and opening the crus ofeetie funn thom tiled with vhinen ilu uot no moro crows after this dis AN ESOAPE FROM SIBERIA, From Maptueot'a Maoazine for March, All the languages of Continental Europo have some plirago by which at parting pooplo ax- press the hope of tmeating again, The Frouoh as revoir, tho Itallan a rivi- derla, the Spanish fasta manana, tho German Auf Wiedersehen,—thone and almi- lar forma, varied with tho occasion, have grown froma the nend of the heart to choatgoparation of ite pain, Tha Poles lavoan exprosston of tn- dnitoly deeper meaning, which ombadics all that human uature can utter of grief and despair— “To meat nayermore.” This is the heart-rond- ing farowell with which tho patriot extiod to Si- beria takes Ieavo of family and frionds. Thera fs, indeed, little chance that be will over again retnin to hia country and bis home. Siuco Benlownki, tho Pole, mado bis famoua romantic flight from tho coal-mines of Kamuebatka in tho last contury, thore has been but a singleinetance ofa Siberian oxtte making good bis excape, In our doy, 31. Rufin Piotrowski, also x Polish pat- ot, hag had the marvelous good fortune to ruce ecedin the all but impossible attempt; and ho. has piven his atory to his countrymen io « aim- ple, unprotending warratiye, which, even in an abridged form, will, wa think, be found ono of thrilling intorest, In January, 1813, wo find Piotrowals in Paris, wrofnges for already twelvo yoars, aud on tho evo of a fecrat mission foto Polaud, of which he gives no explanation. By meaus of an Amen- can acqaaintanco be procured a pnasport from tho British Embasst describing hint as Joueph Catharo of Malta; ho epoko Itahan perfectly, Engiishindifferontly, and was thus well suited to support the character of an Italinn-born subject of Queen Victoria, Having crossed I'rouce, Gormany, Austria, and [ungary itt rafaty, ho reached bis dentination, (he Town of Kamenitz in Podolla, on tho Lurkial fronticr, His oston- eible object was to settle there aa a teachor of Innguages, aud on tho strength of hio British Pausport he obtained the uocersary permission froma the police before their suspicion had boon rouvod, Ife alo gained admiasicn at ance into tho society of tho place, nhere, notwithstanding lila pretended origin, ho waa geacrally known a3 “tho Frenchman,” tho common ulckoamoe for a foreiguor iu the Polish provinces, 1c had soon a number of pupils, come of them Polcs— others, members of the familics of Iuesian rea- ident officiala, Ifo froquonted tho houses of the Intier most, in order not to atiract attention to his intercourse with his compatriots. Ho spoke Thunsian fineutly, but feigued total Ignorance both of that and his own language, sud oven affected au incapacity for learning them when urged to dono by his ncholars. Among the risks to which this exposod Inm wag the semptation of cutting short a diMenlt explanation in lis les- suas by a stoglo word, which would have mado tho whofo matter clear. Tut this, although tho nical frequont aud voxatious, was not tho sayer- ext (rial of hin incognita. One day, while giving a lesion to two beautifal Polish girls, daughtore of a Indy who had shown him great kindnoss, tho conversation turncd upon Poland: be spore wih an indiferonce which roused the younger to a vehement outburat oa behalf of har country. Tbe elder intorrupted her sharply iv their native language with, “How can you speak of holy things to a baro-brained Fronchman?” At another VPolish hotne, o visitor, henting that Mf. Catharo was from Paria, was esger to abk news of his brothor, who sas living ther in exile; their bost dissuaded lim, saying, “You know that inquiries about rein. tions in exile are strictly forb.ddow. ‘Lake corel one ig wover safe with a straugor.” ‘Vuotr une fortunate fellow-conntryman, who know tho vis- itor's brother vory well, was forcod to bend over a book to hide the blood which runlied to bis face in tha conflict of feoling. LHe kopt #0 closo 8 gosrd upon hunsell that ho would never sleep in tue room with another porsuu—-which it was somotimes diftloutt to avolit on visita tu neigh. boring country-seate—last a word spokon iu his tronblod slambers should betray him. lie passod ning months in familiar rolationa wilh all the principal people of the piace, his nationality and hig dosigna being known to but very fow of his countrymen, who keps tho secret with rigid fidelity. Atlongth, luwover, ho bocame awnre that he was watched; tho mauner of some of his Russian friends grew inquiring and conatraived; ho received private warnings, and perceived that ha wag dogged by tho polias, Jewas not too late for fight, but lo know that guoh a coursé would involve all who were in bin secrot, ond perhaps thousands of othorg, in tribe ulation, and that for thoir askes it behooved hin to await tho terriblo day of reckoning which was inovitably approaching, The only nso to which he could tura tlie timo of horclbte wuspopse waa in concerting a plan of setion with his collesguos, fis inal interview will tho chief of them took place iu a churel at the close of tho short winter’ twillght on the last dsy of tho year, After agroo- ing op all tho points whiok they could foresae, thoy solemnly took leave of each othor, and Piotrowski was left alono In the church, whore lo lingered to pray fervently for strongth for the hour that was st hand, Tho next morning at daybreak ho was suddon- ly shaken bz the arm: ha composod bitsolf for the part he was to pir. aud _ slowly opened his eyen. [is room was filled with Nassian officials: hie was arreetad, Io protested against the out rage to a Lritieh subject, but bis papers ware sclzed, he was carried before the Governoroaf the placo,‘and after « briof exainination given into the onatody of the pclice, a flo was oxaminod on goveral snccosslye days, but persisted in his firut story, although aware that hia identity waa known, and that tho infor- mation bad come from Bt. Petersburg. His ob- Jet was to force the authoritics to confront bim with thoge who had boon accueod on nig account, that they might hoar hig confession aud regulate thelr ono accordingly, Ono day a number of thom wera brought togother—souse his real nc- domplicos, others mara acquaintances, Aftor the usual rouline of questiona and denials, Pio- trownrlil nuddsoly exclaimed in Pollsh, a8 one who can hold out no longer, * Well, thon, yes! Iam no British subject, but = Pole of the Ukraine. I omigrated after the rovolution of 1891; Iocame back because I could bear s life of exite vo longer, and £ only wished to breathe my native air, I came under a {alsa name, for I could not have come in my own. . 1 contided my necret to a few of my countrymen, and aslod Hints ald andadvico; I had nothing else to tell thom.’ . ‘Lhe protiminary {nterrogatories concluded, he was eout for ® Inore rigid examination to the fortresu of Kiow. He loft Kamonitz early in Jenvary ot midnight, undor an escort of svldicra aud police, Vho tow was dark ond micnt as they padsed through the deserted stroots, but hosaw lights in tho upper windows of several honsos whose inmates had born implicated in bis eccivation, Was ito mute farewell or tho sign of vigile of angulklh? Thoy traveted all night and part of tha next day; their first halt was ata great Btate prieon, whore Pivtrowski was for the Mrettimesbutupin acell, Ho wassuffozing from (he excitement throuch which be bad been pasa> ing, from tho furious speed of tho Jonrnoy, which bad been algo very rough, and from a might concussion ofthe brain occasioned by ono of tho torrible jolts of tha rude vehicle: = pby- rician eaw him and ordered repore, ong, dark, still hours of the night wore gradually calming his norves, whon bo was disturbod by a distant sound, which he avon guessed to bo fhe claukiog of chains, followatl by @ chant in which many voices mingled. It was Christmas ve, old style, an still ob served in vome of tho proviices, and the mid- night chorus wan singiug an anciont Christmas hymn which every Polish child knows front the cradlo, Vor twelve yenrs tho doar faniiliar mol- ody ad not grosted his ears, and now ha beard it sung by hia captive fellow countrymen in a Russian duogeou, Two days lator they sot out again, and now he was cboined hand and foot with heavy frous, rusty, ond too small for hia limbs, The sleigh hurried on day and night with boudlong baste ; it was upset, everybody waa thrown ont, the prineners chain caught and ho was ieagqed until lost consciousnows, Ju this state Lo arrived at Kiow. Here be was thrown into a cell U foot by 5, almout dark and diuguatingly: dirty, The wretched man was soon coyerod from head to foot with yorinin, of which bin handenfiy pro- yonted his ridding himuelf, Mowever, ina day or two, after a vivit from tbo commandant, bis coll was cleaned, His manactos provented bia walking, or avon standloy, and the moral effoct of beiug unable to use his hands wes a ubrange apathy euch as might precede imbecihty, He was interrogated several times, but alwaye edbored to bis confession at Kameultz; men- aces of haruhor treatment, even of torture, were tried,—meaus which be koew too well had been rovorted to before; his guards were forbidden to, oxckange a word with bim, so that bis time wast Passed in ealitude, wllence, and absolute inocen+ pation. Since Lovitoux, another political pris ouer, fearful that the tortures ¢o which he was subjocted might wring from him confeesions which would crimluste his friends, had set fire to bia straw bed with his night-lamp aud burucd himself alive, no lights wore allowed in the cells, so that ‘eat portion of the twenty-four hours weut by indarkuess, After somo time be was visited by Prince Biblkaff, the Governor Qeueral of thatnection of tho country, one of tha pion whore patios aro most aseociated with ‘tho nofforings of Poland; ho tried by intimida- ton and porsnasion ta Induce tho prisonor to ra. veal hia project and the samea of his asso- ciates. Piotrowski held firm, but the Princo on wilhilrawing ordored hig oliaing to bo atruck off, Tho relief was inoable; he could do nothing but strotch his arma to onjoy the sense of thelr free possession, and he folt his natural onergy and Independence of thought return, Ho bad not boon ahle to take off hia boots alneo leaving Kamonitz, and his lene were bruised and sor, but he walked to aud fro In his cell all day, on- fosing the very pain this gave him as o proof that thoy tore uttohained. Soveral woots passod without any other incident, when late one night ho was wurprisod by a ligit In hia cell; an aide- de-camp and four soklors entored and ordorod. Yim to rire and follow thom. Ife thought that ho was mummoned to bis execusion. Ifo crossed the g oat courtyard of the prigov supported by tho soldiers ; the snow croakod under foot; tho night was very dark, and the abarp freph air nl- mot took away his breath, vot it was induitoly welcome to him after the hoavy atmdspliora of hin coll, and ho inhaled it with keon pleasure, thinking thateach whi was almost the Inst, lio was lod into a large, fnintly-lighted room, where oficera of various gruics were smoking aronnd a large table. It was only the Commiitos of Investigation, for hitherto hie oxamivatious ad not beon atrictiy in ordor. ‘This waa bat the first of anorienof alttings which wore prolonged through nearly halfa yoar. Dur- tng this timo bin treatmont improvod; hia cell was kept cloan ¢ ho had 10 cause to complain of iio food ; ho was pllowed to walk for av hour daily in the corridor, which, though cold and damp, in some degres satiailod his need of oxer- cdo. Ie waaalwava cuarded by two sentinels, to whons he was forbidden to speak. Io learned dn some way, however, that agveral of lis co-no- cused wero The follow-prieonors ; they wore con- fined in another pait of tho fortress, and lo but once caitght a glimpsa of one, of thom, #0 changed that be hardly recognized him, Wie neighbora on the corridor wera cummon crim\~ nole, ‘The President of the Commitee offered him tha use of a library, but bo oly asked fora Bible, “ with which,” he esys, “Lf was n> jong eralone.” Hin piestest sulfering arose froin tho norvoga friitability caused by the unromitting watch of the sentinol at Liz door, which drove him almost frantic. Tho sensation of boing apled at every lustant, in every action, of mooting this rolentioag, irrexponsive gaze on waking, of eucountening if at each minute of the day, was maddening. From daybroak ho longod fur tha night, which sbould deliver him from the sight, Sometimes, besido bimuelf, he would guddenly pu his own face cinso to the grating and starainto (ho tormenting eyes to Torce them to divert their gezo for a momont, laughing like a savage when be succeeded, Lo was in this faverish con/lition whon callad to bio last examination, Ho parceived at ouco, from tao solemnity of all proaont, that tho crisia hat como, His sentence was protounceds death, commuted by Princo Bibikof’s mtorcession to hard labor for life in Siberia, He was dogruled from tha nobility, tv which ordar, like half the inbabitants of Poland, he belougod, and cou- demued to make tho journey in chains, Without being taken back to bis cell, he waa at once put Into irons, the eame rusty, gall- fing onsa he liad worn already, and placed in a kibitks, or traveling-carriago, betwoen tivo armed guards, ‘Iho gates of the fortrens closed behind him, aud before him opoved the road to Sibara, Itis dostination was about 2,000 milea ilistant, Tho incldants of tho journey wera fow, and much of thasome charactor. Charity aud syin- atby were shown hit hy people of wvory cluas, Travelers of diutinction, ospecially ladics, pur- sued Lim with offers of assistance sud monoy, which he would not accept. Tho only pitts which ho did not refuse wore tho food aud dunk brought him by tha poasanta whera they stopped to change horkea; ‘horevor thera was a hal: the good poopie plied him with toa, brandy, and simple dainties, which fio gratofatly aco+pt- ed, At ono statfon ainan in the uniform of tho Ruaslan civil xervice timidly offorod him 2 parcol wracped ia a sill hnudkerchicf, saying, ‘ Ac- copt thia from my saint.” Piotrawaat, roy+Led by the sight of the uniform, shook his head, The other flashed: You are a Polo, and do not madorstand our eustoms, This fa my birthday, and on this day, above oll others, I should shara what I have witu the unfortnnate, Dray accept itiu tho name of my patron saint.” tio could not rosist sa Cliristian an appoal. Tha parcel contained broad, salt, and somé monoy; thio last ha handed over to the guards, who, im any caso, wotttd not have lot him keep it; ho broke tha broad with Its donor. Hta guard wero almost the oul persons with whom he bad todo who showed themeclyes inueumblo to his pain and sorrow, ‘Thoy wero dividod botweon thoir foars: of not arriving ontho day fixed, in which caso they would bo flagzed, and of hia dying of fatigue on tha route, when thoy wonld {aro etill worse, ‘Tho anprohonsion of his euleldo beeot them; at tha forrion ar forde which they cross tt atch of thom bald hit by on arm lost ho should drown Limsoif, and all his ment was given to him minced, to ba caton #ith a apoon, fa ho was not to bo trusted for an inetant with sknife, Thus they traveled might and day for threa weeks, only stopping to chango horses and (ako their menta; yet ho exteaniod himaelf lueky not to have boon sout with a gang of con- victs, chained to somne atrocions malofactor, or to Have beomt ordered to mako the jour. ney on. foot, lika his countryman, Princo Aanguzsko, At Jast thoy reached Omsk, the headquarters of Prince Gortchakolt, then Governor-Gonornl of Wostern Hiboria. Ly roine {nformahty in the modé of hia transporte. tion, the inteprotation of Piotrowski's sontoncs depended solely on this man; ho might be sont to work in ono of the Government manu factories, or to tha mines, tho Taat, worst dread of a Sibo- tinn exile, While awalting the decision he was in charyeofagay, handsome young ollicer, who troat- ed him with great friendlings, xud, in the courea of their econverzation, which turmed chietly on Slborla, showed him a map of the country, ‘The prisoner devoured it with hia oyea, trlod to on: grave In on hip memory, asked itinumerablo questions about roads and water-coursos, and be- trayed »o much agitation that tha noticed it, and exolaimed, “Ab! don't think of esonve, ‘'oo many of your countrymen have tried it, and jhoge are fortunate who, tracked on evory Bide, famishod, doxperate, have boon ablo to put an end to thomuolvos bofora boing retaken, for, 1¢ they are, thencomes the knout anda hifo of mivory beyoud words, Tu Heaven's name, givo up that thought!" The commandant of ‘tho fortrose paid him 9 eho’ oficial visit, aud ex- elaincd repeatedly, ‘Ilow and! how sad! to come back whou you wero freo in a foreign coun- try!" Thoechiof of police,» hard, dry, vulture- Tike man, askod why be had darod to return with- out tho Czar's permission, ‘+I could not boar my homesickness,” ropliied the prisoner, “0 native country!" wold tho Ruaeian tn ® softened vyolce, “bow dear thou art!" After vations official intorviowa ho waa taken to tho Governor-Goneral's ante-chiamber, whore he found & numbor of clorky, most of whom woro his oxiled compatriots and raceived hiln warmly, Wiulo ho was talking with thom a door opened, and Gortchakoff atood on the threshold: ho fix- od his oyan on the prisoner for somo moments, and withdrew without a word. = An bour of jn- tense anxfoty followed, and thon an officer ap- peared, who Bunouncod that ho was conulguod o tho distilleries of Ekatcrininuk{-Zayou, gome 200 tniles farther natth. Ekatorininnlst-Zavod ia a miserable village of a couple of huadred small housoa on tho River Irtish, iu the widst of a wido plain, Its inhabit- ante arcall in some way connccted with the Government distillery ; they are tha descondanta of oriminals formorly tranaported, Piotrowski, after ashort interview with the inspector of the works, was entored on the list of conylate and went to the guaid-house. * Ile isto work with bis foot in irons,” added the Inspoctor, ‘Chis nnusnal severity was mn convequouce of a memorandum fo Prines Gortchakof's own writing appended to tho prisonor’a papers; “Piotrowski must bo watchod with oapecial cara." Tho injunction was unprecedented, and improsaed the Diroctor with tho prisoner's importance, Mefore being takea tohis work ho was surrotnded by his follow~ ccuutrymen, young men of tatent and promiso, who wero thero, like himself, for political reayons, Thair omotion was oxtrome;: they taiked rapidly and esgorly, exhorting him to patience and sileuco, and to donothing to tncurcor- poral punishment, which was the modo of keop- ng tho workmen 10 ordor, so tuatin time he might be promoted, like thomualves, from hard labor to office-work, At the guurd-bouse he founds crowd of voldiors, among whom woro many Poles, Incorporated into the utandiug army of Siberia for baying taken Up aris for thelr conntry, This iu ouo of the mildest punish- monta for that offonus, They seized eyei pretext for sposkiug to hin, to ask what was going on in Posud, and whether thore were any hopes for her, Overcoine by fa tigae aud wisory, ho wat down upon a bench, where he remained suvk in the gloomiest thoughts unti! secouted by a man of repulaive aspect, brandod ou the face,—the Russian prao- tice with criminals of the worst sort,-—who said abraptly, Get up and goto work.” It was tho oversecr, himself ® former convict, O, my God 1” exclaims Plotrowwki, Thou alone didut hesr the bitter cry of my soul when this outcast first spoke to me ag my master,” Before golng to work hiv irons wore struck of, thanks to the instant cntreatien of hls eompatriots: ho waa then giyen a broom aud shovel and sot to elew rabbish aud filth off the roof of » lirge. un- fuished building, Ou one wide was & convict of the lowest order, with whom be wesked—oo ‘oung follow tho other, thi dior who mountod guard over thom. To ayoid the indignity of cliastisement or roproof—indecd, to crcapo notice altogether —ho bont hia wholo force to his task, vrlitions raising hia hoad, er oyen hia eyca, Lut the fron entered into his soul and ho wopt. Tho ordor of his days know no variation. Tining at sunrise, the convicta worked util 8 o'clocn, whon they breakfaated, thon until thoir dinner at noon, and n from 1 o'clock until derk. His taska were “tching wood anil water, splitting aud piling logs, snd soavengor-work of all sorta; i¢ wus all out of doora and iv avory ox- treme of the Siboran climate. hs companions Wore ail ruffinna of a desporsta caste; burglary, highway robbery, rapo, murder in ovory degroo, ‘wero common cases. Ono instance will sullice, and itis not the worst; it was that of s young man, clerk of « wine-merchiant in St, Potoraburg, Ho had a mistrera whom he loved, but suapactod of infidelity; ho tovk her and anothor girl into tho country for a holiday, and og thoy walked togathor in the flolds fired a platol at his rwveotheart’s hond; {t only wounded her; the friend rushed away shrieking for helng tho victim fallon her knees and cried, “Yorgiva mel" but be plunged s knife ap to the Lilt iu her breast, nud sho foll dead at his feet. Mo gavo himself up to justice, recoivod the knont, and was transported for life. ‘The daily contact with ignorant, brutish men, made woraa than brutes by a iif of hid- coun crime, waa tha worst foatire in his wratched oxistenco. Ie had detormiued nover to submit to blows, should the for- fot be hia own Hfe or another's, and thea fncensant approhonsion kapt bia mind im a state of frightful tonaion; is alno norvod Lim to physical exertions beyond his ptrength, and to o moral restraine of which ho had not deemed himaelf capablo in tho way of endurauce and aolf-command. Lut la tho ond ho was tho geiner, After the first yoar ho wan taken Into the ollice of the ostablishmout, and recoived a salary of 10 franca simonth, Le was also allowed to leave tho barravks where he bad boon herded with the convicts, and to Jodge with two follow-coustrymou ina tittle house which thoy built for themselves, and whioh thoy shared with tho soldiora who guarded thom, It wana privilege granted to the most oxomplary of the cunyicta to lodge with ono or other of the pri- vaio iuhabitants of the village; but, basidos thoir own expensor, thoy bad to pay thoao of slic anidier detailed to watch thom. In tha comes of tho wintor they wera comforted by tho visit of s Polish priest. A cortain numbor uta por- mitted to travel through Hiboria yearly, stopping wherovor there aro Polish prisoners to adminia- ter tha eacramants and consulattons of thair Church to them; thoroiauo hardutip which these Heroie mou will not enoounter in performing Sheir thrica holy mission, Piotrowski, who, like all Volce, was an iugranod Romaa Cutholio, af- tor pausing through phases of donbvt and dir- belief had returued ton forvaut athsdoxy—thia epiritual succor was moat procious to himeaolf aud bis brother-exiles, Ono idea, howover, was nevor absent from hia mind—that af escape. At tho momont of ro- coiving hia sontanco at Hiow he lind resolved to bo freo, and his resolution had not faltered. Io had neglected no means of acquiring {pforma- tion about Siborin and ths adjacous countrics. Vor this he hod listened to the revolting cdnti- donces of the malefactaia at tho barracks—for this he hoard with anflagging attention, yet with no align of ratorent, the long stories of the trad- era who came to tho distillery from all parts of the Empire to sell grain or buy spirits. ‘Tho oNice in which be paswed his tims from 8 in the morning wutil 10 or 11 at night was thoir rendozvoug, and, & colcontration of hits mental powers, ho a¢quirad o thorough and accurate knowledge of the country from thu Frozon Ocean to tho froutters of Porsia and Ching, and of all ite mannersand custome, The prisonor who meditates cacapa, ho Bayi, ia nb- sotbed fn an infimude of detail and calen- Tatlons, of which it Is only poasivla to givo the final reauit, Slowly ond pailnfully, little by little, hoe xceumnlated the indisponnablo articloa—diaguise, mondy, fool, 3 weapon, pans- ports, Tie laut word tha most casentisl and tho most diMtoult: two were required, both upou paper with the Government stamp—one a simple pass for short dintanoes ond obsencen, usoless boyond a certain limit and data; tho ozher, the piakainy, or real passport, a cocu- ment of vital tmportanco, He was ablo to abstract the paper from tho offico, and a countor- foiter in the community forged the formuln and aignaturea. His appearavco Le had gradually changed by Slowing his hair and board to grow, and ho had studied tho touo of thought nnd poculior fisrasoology of the born Siberiau, that ha might the bettor pass fora nitive, More than nix monthy wont by in proparation; then bo mado two false starts. Hebau’ placed much haope ona little boat, which was often forgotton at svoning, moored in the Irtish, One dark night he quictly loouod it and began to row away; auddeuly the moon bioko through tho clouds, and at the asmo instant tho voices uf tho Iuspector and some of his subordinates wero heard on tha bunks. Diotrowski was furtunate enough to gat back un« percdlyed, On tha second attomipt s doves for rose aud shut himit: hecould nos seo a yard before him. Allulght long ho pashed the boat hithor aud ttither, trylug at least to regain tho shore; at daybreak tho vapor bogan to disperse, but it was too late to go ous ie sgain had tha good lick to land undlxcovored. Five rontes were opon to hint—all long, and each besot with its own perils, Hoe decided to go northward, rocross the Uralian Mountains, and make his way to Archaugol, nearly a thousand miles off, where, among tho hundrads of foroigu ships constantly in the docks, ho trusted tostind one which would bring bim to Amorica. Nobody know his secret; ho had vowed to parish rather than ever again involve others in hia fate. Ho reckoned on getting over the first dauger of pursuit by minghug with the crowds of peopla then travollog tram overy quartor to tho annual fair at IrLite at tho foot of tho Urals, Finally, in February, 1816, he sot out on foot. His costumo consisted of thrae phirts,—a col- ored one uppormost, worn, Russian fashion, otit+ side hla trousere, which wore of heavy cloth, like bia, walstcoat—and x» emall sheep. altin buruous, heavy high boote, a bright woolen sash, a rel oap with afur border—tho dreva of « woll-to-lo peasant or commarcial trayolor, Ln a esmall bag he carriod a change of clothing and his provisions; bia money and passports were hidden about bis porson; lo way armed with adagger and a bludgeon, He hat searcely crossed the frozen Irtlsh whon tho sound of aeloizh bebind bim bronght his heart to his mouth; ho held his giound aad was hailed by a peasant, who wanted to drive a bargain with him for a lft. After aw little py,!tic chafferiug le got in, acd was oartiod to ® Village sbout §& miles of at a gal- lop, Thora sho peasant ect bim down, and, knocking at tho first house, he askod for horaoa to tho fairat Irbite. More bargaining, but they wero Hoon ou the road, Iratong, hoz. aver, it bogau to suow; the track disappeared, the driver fost hia way; they wandered sbout for fome timo, aud wore forced to atop all night ins forost—s night of agony, Thoy wera not 12 miles from [kateriniuski-Zavods every minute the fugitive foncied bo beard the bella of the purauing kibithas; be head = horrible quae pleion, too, that bis driver was dolaying purpaxo- ly to botray him, as had befallen a follow-coun- tryman in similar circumstances, But at day- broxk thoy found tho road, aud by ulghtfall, having changed horaoa onco or twice and travol- od ko the wind, he was well ou bis way, Ata fresh rolay he was forced to go into a tavern to make change to pay his drivor: aa bo stood among the tipsy crowd ho was Lustled and his pockct-book unatched from ne hand, He could uot discover the thiof nor recover the purao; he durst not appeal to tho police, aud had to let Is go. In it, besides a quarter of his little hoard of money, there wad a Momorandum of every town and village on his way to Archauyel, and his sla~ katny. 1v this doaperate stralt—for the last lose seemed to cut of hops—he bad one paramount motive for going on; return sae impossible, Once baying loft Ekaterininald-Zavod, his fate was soslod if rotakens; he must go fore ward, Forward be went, falling in with troops of travelers hound to the fair, Oo the third evoning of his flight, notwithstanding the time Jost, be was at tho gates of Irbite, over 600 miley from hiv privon, “Halt and show your pass port!" cried the sentinel. Ifa waa tumbling for the loca! pasa with a alvking heart whou tho gol+ dior whispered, ‘Iwonty kopecka aud go ahead,” Ife passed In. ‘I've logs of bis mone: and (he unavoidable expenses had reduced his resources bo much that he found it necessary to continus the journey on foot. He elopt at Irbite, but was up early, and passed out of an opposite gate unchallenged, Now began slong and Weary tramp. Tho win- tor of 1848 was one of upparallolod rigor iv Hl- bors. ‘The suow fall in onormouy mavaes, which buried the roads desp out of sight aud crusted aolldly-built houses uoder ite weight, Every dificuity of an ordinary Journey on foot was ius crossed tenfold. Piotrowski’s clothos inoum- bored him excessivoly, et he dared not take any of them off, His Lablt was to avold passing through villagow as much as possible, but, if forced to do a0 to Inquire bis way, only to stop at the last houge, Whoa be was hungry he drew a bit of frozen bread from bia waliot and ate it as he wont along; to quenoh bis thins he often ad no resource but melting tho snow In bis mouth, which rathor tends to increase the devira for wator. At night he went into tho depths of: the foreut, dug # hole uuder the snow, or creeping in, slopt thore as best te might. Al the first experiment biv feet were frozen; he succeeded in ouring them, though uot without groat pain. Sometimes be plunged up to tho ‘waist or neck dm the drifts, and expected at the noxt atep to bo buried alive. One night, lisvin; Inatod to tho full th two tortures, cold ani hungor,—of which, aa he says, wa complain so frequontly without knowing what thoy mean,— ho vonturcd to agk for sholter at s little hut noar KR hamlot where thero wera onty two womon, ‘They gavo him warm food; hodried hisdrenchod clothes, and mirotched himself out to mleop on tho bench near tha kitchen stove, He was ronsod by voices, then shaken roughly and asked for bia passport. ‘Thora were three men in the room, With amazing progonco of mind ha demand. od by what right thoy nd for his passport ; wors any of them ofticiala? No, but they in- sisted on knowing who he wan and whore ho was foing, and nocing hifp pane, He told them tho game storvthat he had told the womon, and finally exhibited the local pass, which was now quite worthless, and would not have do- esived a Government fanetiauasy: foramoment; thoy wore satistiod with the wight of tho stamp. They oxcuac:l themaclyas, saying that the wormorn had takon fright and given tho alarm, thinking that, as nometimes happovod, thoy were hotso- ing an escaped convict. This ndveutura taught him a sevore losson of prudence, Io often passed fifteen or Lwouty nights under the snow intho forost, without sacking food or shatter, hearing tho wolves howl sta distance. In this favago mode of life he loat the count of time; ho was olrondy farin the Ural Mountains bo- foro he again yontured to sleop benenth a roof. As ho was atarting the next morning his hosts ead, in anawer to hia inquirios ag to the road, “A little father on you will find a guard. housa, where they will look st your papora and givo you preelsa directions.” Again how narrow an escapo! Ho turned from tho rond aud crossed hilla and gorges, often up to the obin in snow. and mado an immense curvo before taking up hia march again. Ono moonlight night, In tho dead allonco of tho fco-buund wintor, he etood on tho ridgo of tho mountatu-chain aud bogan to dowcond Its eastern slope. BStillonandon, the way moro dangerous than boforo, for now there wore large towns upon his route which he could unly avoid by golng groatiy out of his way. Ono night in the woods he completely lost hin bear- fons; & tempest of wind and euow literally whirlod him around ; hia stock of broad waa ex- hausted, and bo fall upon the earth powerless ; there was o buzzing in his cam, a confusion in IMs tdoas ; bis sousos fordook him, aud, but for spasms of crampin bis stumach, bo had no con sclousnoaa left, Torpor was settling upon him whon a loud yoica reeallod him to himaolf ; tt Was & trappor, who lived hard by, going hone with his booty, Ho poured somo brandy down tho dying mati's throat, and, when this had some- what rovived him, gava bin food from his store. Alter somo dolsy tho stranger urged Piotrowstt to get up and walk, which ho did with the utmost dimeulty [leaning ttpon thiy Samari- tan of tho stopper, bo contrived to reach tho highway, skoro a emall roadside Inu wos in sight, “Thora bis companion Joft him, aud ho ptargerod forward with unspeakable joy toward the warmth and shelter. Ho would hayogone ln if ho had known tho guards wero thero on tholooK- ont for him, for his caso was now desperate. He only got ua far th the thresbold, and thero foll forward and rolled undor a bonch. Ho asked for hot soup, but cowkt not Brallow, and after a tow minutos foll into a awoon-Iike sloop which lasted twouty-four hours, Restorad by nourizlment, rest, and dry clothes, ho set forch again s: once. During tho flrat pattof hia journey ho had awved a4 A commarcial traveler; after loaviug rhite he wasa workman seeking ployment fn tho Govornment oxtabliahmenta; but’uow ho ansumed tho charactor of a piturim to tho con- vont of Solovetas on a holy {sland im the Wuito Bea, voar Archangol. For each change of part he had to change bia manners, mode of epooel, his wholo porsonality, and alsays bo probablo and consiatent in bis account of himaclf. It was mid-April; he had beou journeying ou foot for two mouths, Easter waa approaching, whet thous pious journoya Were froquent, and hot fur from Veli«i-Oustiog ho fell In with soveral bauds of mon and women—bohomolels, nn thoy nto callod—on their way to Sulovotuk. Thora woro moro than 2,0)0 in tho totmn waltiug for the frozen Dwina to opon, that thoy might pro¢eea by water toAichangel. It being Holy Wock, Piotrowski was forcod to conform to the innumerable ob- eorvances of the Greok ritual—prayots. canticles, reuutleziona, prostrations, crossings, and bow- free as maulfold as in his own, but diferent, Me inuor consciousnoss att(tored from this hynoe- risy, but it was necessary to his part. ‘hoy wore detained at Veliki-Oustiog s mortal month, during whiot theso acts of devotion wanton with almost unabated zoal among the boholomets, At longth the river was freo, and thoy set out. ‘Their voswo) was o huga hulk which lookod Inko a flont- ing barn; it was msuned by twenty or thirly rowers, and to replonieh hls pursas little tho fugitive took an oar, ‘Tho agent who had charga of tho oxpoditton requlrod thelr passporty; among tho numbor the: irregularity of Plotras~ ski's escaped notice, Tho prayers and prontya- tions wont on during the voyage, which Inatod a fortnight, One morning tha oarly funablinic plittorod on the gilded domes of Arch- angol; tho vossel goon touched the shore, and bis passport was returned to him nninapected, with the small sum be had earued by rowing. Mo had reached hia poal; a thousand milee of doadly aufforing and Saupe lay behing ims ho wan on the shorenof tho White Sea, with vos- Boia of orcry nation Iylng at anchor ready to boar him anay tofreodom. Yot he was careful uot to commit himeclf by any impradenco or In- consistency. Ie went with the pilgrims to thoir vast crowdod loaging-bouse, and for xovoral days Joined In their visits to tha different ehurchos of Archangal ; but when they embarked again for tho holy jaland he ‘stayed behind un. dor the pretext of fatigue, but real- ly to go unobserved to the harbor. Thiet lay the whips front evory part of the world, with their flage floating from tlie masts, Alas! alas! on overy wharf'n Iussian eantinol mounted guard day and night, ohallonging every ona who passed, and on the deck of coach ship thore was another. In vain ho risked the conaaquonoes of dropping his character of an ignorant Siberian ponsant eo far au to spoak to o group of sallors, first in Fronot and then in German ; thoy understood noither; the Idlora on tho quays Bogen to gather ronnd in Idle enri- osity, atid he had to desist. In vain, dospl's the joy coldnoge of tho wator, ho tried swimming In the bay to approach somo vossel for the chanrs of gatting specoh of the Captain or craw uovoun by thosentinel, In vain he resorted to evory doviae which desperation could suggent. Afser three days he wos forcod to look tho tarriblo truth in the faco; thore was no sacape possibio from Arohangol, Baffled and hopeless, he turned bis baolt on tho town, uot knowing whero to 5:0, ‘Lo rotrace hia atopa wonld be madness. Ho followed tho shoro of the White Boa to Onoga, a uatural di- roation for pilgrims roturntug fram Solovetuk to take, [is lonoly way Iay through a land of awomp and sand, with a aparso growth of atunted pines; tho midnight suo streamed acrons the allont strotohos; the lugo waves of the White Bea, Iashod by a Jong atorm, plunged foaming upon the dosolate beach, aya and nights of walking brought hint to Onoga; thero was no way of getting to soa from thore, and af- terashort bslé he resumod his journey aouth- ward along the banka of the Rivor Qneza, hartly knowing whither or whorefore he went, ‘Ibo hardships of bis existouco at midsninwer woro fower than at mwidwinter, but the dangers woro greater: the abgence of » definite goal, of 4 din- tinec hope which tad aunported him before, un- nerved him physically, Ie had reachedthe point whon be draaded fatigne mora than risk, In mite of his familiarity with the minutie of Rua- sian customu, ho was nearly betrayed one day by hia ignorance of tolokno, a national dish. On auother occasion he stopped at the cabio of ® poor old man to ask his way; the gray-bosrd made him come jn, and after some convoreation bogan to contido his religious grievances ta Lin, which turned upon the perascutions to which a soot of retigionists is exposed in Rusula for ad- hering to certaln peculiaritica In the forme of worubip, Happily, Piotrowski was woll yornod in these subjects. The poor old man, after dwotliug long and tearfully on the woes of hiv {ollow-believars, looked cautiously in every di- reotion, locked the door, aud, after exacting an oath of socresy, drew from a hiding-place a little antique brass figura of Byzantine origin, reprenonting our Savior in the aastoft benediction with two floyers only raised, scoord- ing to the form oborished by the disaonters, Following his purposeleys march for hondreds of miles, the fugitive reached Vytegra, where tho river ismos from tho Lake of Onoga, Thera, on the wharf, apoasant auksd him whether he.wae bound: be roplied that he waa s pilgelin on his way from Solovetak to tho sbriues of Novgorod and Kiow, The possant said ho was golng to St, Petersburg, and would give hima paseage for his service if he would take au oar, ‘Uhe bargain was struck, and that night they started on their voyage to tho Capi- tal of Poland's arch enemy, the houdquarters of politica, the soutve whence his own arrest had emanated. He had no design: he was going at hazard, The voyage was long: thoy foliowud the Lake of Onegs, tho Lakeof Ladoga, and tho river Neva. Nomotitnes poor peoplo got a lift in tho boat ; toward the eud or tho Novice they took aboard & numbor of women-vervauis returning to their situations iu town from a viait to thoir country homes. Among them Was an eldorly woman xoing togeshur daughter, who was @ Washerwomen at Ht, Votorsburg, | Pio- troweki whowed ber some email kindnosues, | whlel hing Bor farrent frailinde. oa they Iand- edia the grost capital, which seemed tlio vor: fooua af +P Gaagere, and he stocd on the shart wholly ata Jona what should bo ten atop, tha poor woman cama up with daughter and offorod to show him chenp lodge He followed thom, earrying blu protecines trunk, ‘Tho lodiuge ware cheap and minora and the woman of tho house domandod hee port. fe hunded it 10 hor with 9 thrill off, loty, and cnrolersly fannonnced hin intention ty reporting himself at the polise-offiva Accontitt torulo, She glanced at tho paper, whic as could not road, and raw tho olicial ntamp; Ke wae satisfied, and began to diramade hing fiaing to tho police, Jt then Appoarad thet Ge ls raquired hor to accompany him an ie | ery thatarroat denl of hor ¢ Hor Tas imo would fn tho dolayn and formalities of the baton which, being a: working-womap, sho could jf afford ; aud, as ho was moroly passing through tho eity and had hits pasaport, thoto could bys harm in ntnzing away. ‘Tho noxt day, wig? wandering about the ntroetn soaking a mode eacaps, the pilot of astoam-pncket to Riga ihe him if ho would like to sail with them the n day, aud namod a vory moderate faro, wt beat loop itn, bnt tho noxt instant the ms taked to Reo hie paraport: ho took it out tres bilng, but the sailor, without scrutiny, rie! “Good! Boor with ‘you, aud come based morrow morning at 7 o'elock.” ho nort moe ing at 7 ho was on board, aud tho boat ag unk way. From Riga ho liad to mako hia way an 4, noross Courlayd and Lithnavia to tho Pras, frontior. He now mado a alanyein his disg: : nud gavo_Limself out os ex dealer in Ling bristios. In Lathuania ho found himuelt one mora on hia beloved native woil, and the ton; Ing to apoak hia own language, to maj Limsolf known ton fellow-countryman, Wasa, mout irrouintible; but lio starnly quelled such, yoarning. As bo neared tho frontier Le hs) ulinost diMlculty in ascartaining whore and hae it waa guarded, and what be aliould havo to te counter in pnasing, At length ho learng quough for his purpose: there were no guys, on the Prussian mde, Atenoling roupart oy tho fortifeations, ho waited untlt tho moms, whon tho two scntinola on duty wore back 4 back on tholr beats, and jumped down into thy first of tho throa ditches which protected he boundary, Clauboring aud Jumping, be reachel [ tho edgs of tho third: ehota tore tired In un eral diiedctions; ho hnd boon seow. Ho Bling tho third ditoh, seramblod up tho opposites aptang down ongo more, rushed on until ord sight of the soldiors, and fall pauting In alist fy wood. ‘There ho lay for hours without sthtis f sa ho knew the Russian guard somotimes tix Jatod the boundary in pursuit of fugitives, gy 2 there was uo pirat: and bo at lsat tet Meart. Then ho bogan & final transis wation, Mo bad latoly bought a rat, ® pockot-mirror and namo sonp, aud with they by tho oid of o slight rain whioh was falling ty atecoaded with muted dillloulty Iu ghaving ity, golf aud vhanging hia clothea t> a costumes f had provided exproavly for Prussis. When nl: had olosed ho sot forth once moro, lighter ¢ hoart thau for many long years, though 4] awaro that, by interaational ‘agreoment, he vy not vet outof dauger, He pushad on tou} the Grand Duchy of Posen, whore ho hoped 4 Aud aastatance from hid follow-countesns who, being undor Prusnign rife, would no: compromised by aiding him, Mo passad throay Memo! and Vilsit, aud roachod Konigahorg wih out lotor hindranco,—over 200 miloson Vrouiy P avll in additt n ta wll tho rest. ‘Thora ho fos fe a steamboat to sail tho next day in the directiy which ho wishod to follow.” Ifo had tei only in the open ficlda, and — moant i dy Bo on thiy night, and ro-enter the tonabs times in tho morning, Meanwhile he ent don on a hoa of dtonca In tho street, a ovorcomo by fatignd, foll. Into a rated sleop. Io was avaltened by tho patrol: Lis ff confugod words oxaited suspicion, and be ty arroated ond cariod ta tho atatlon-honso. Ata all hig perils, is es¢apos, lila adventures, by [fe disguises, ta bo taken by a Pruesian watchanl ‘Thy next morning he was examined by tho pois: he declared himaalf a Mrenelt attlaan on his wy # honto from Riteri4, but ay having lost lef port. ‘Tho slory imposed upon toboily, anihy porcolved that fa wai atppoaed to Lo a malty. tor of somo Ro oa sort: lila rool caso sy not wiispected, month's {noardorntion fotle ed, oud thon a new intatrogation, tn whith be was Informod tuat all bts statomotte tal ben f found to bo fale, and that he tna tho objer tho gravest buspiclun. Ifo demauited s print intorviow with one of the highay fanctionts and a Mf. Flory, a natnralized Prenchuna a B. soma way connactod wilh the polica-courta hE them ho told his wholo story. Attar the fs 6% moment's stupofaction tho Prussian end p “But, unhappy man, we nist rand you Lich: the teenty conipols it. My Got! “my Gol! why did vot coma nero?” =“ Thora is nok) [¥ for ua,” gail M. Bloury, @ but in [envon's na writa to Coutt Entenbarg, on whom all dopey heia & mon whom overyLody loves. Whitt antsfortune Ha wan talton back to prisda, TIo wrott; reeatyed a kind but vaio rept 4. dolaya {st lowad, and fnvoatlgations lato the trutu of tory; lis anguleh of mind was roaching »¢? Bg max, In which he folt that hia daygor would 4 f Aly bext fiientaftor all, A citizen of the plat & M. Komko, o total stranger, offarod to go Mi for him; his atory had got xbrond, nnd erctd tho doopest ayvmpathy. ‘Tho bait was not ofe ed without diffeulty; ultimately bo was decid froo, however, but tie Chist of oir intimated that ho had hotter romsin 4 Kottigsborg for the pronont., Auxions to mbt hin gratitutle to his benefactors, fearfal, tod boing suapected, ho tarried for a weal, whihl By aaxoil Iv tho family of tho gonorous M, ase F tthe ond of that tima lo wos again cumm ta tho police-court, whore two officials whoo il % already know told himundly (tint the ordar to 2 im back to Russia iad edie from Berlty} th & could but give him tims to encapo at bison nak, and pray God for his satety. Ho wenthxd § fo lis frioud M. Kamke: a plan was orgsotd at once, and by tho morrow ho was on bism} to Dantzic, Well provided with monoy and lt tora by the good souln at Konlpabarg, he creel Gormany safely, ahd on the 22d of Septaadhd 1949, foulid blroself eefe in Veris, ay THRONE OF ATTILA. “(Wventer, 1874) O wrinkled fen of St. Mars, Briliag theonyh Hilne thonsantt fatos Rone aittiny sunenry yoolnteyy, Dy vuknovws bowed Whose aad ewe: My sombre, s!! My Birk of croaiad bi AW prow in ateoly coat of THE Bm Lolow tho Tyrol'a poate of aww Auil peaneentown ciusaways troll below Did touch Torvello, Oneo o-land, 1 tno 4 seterhell in ry hand, And Mlo:y liko any trumpater, Aly s-andolier losnod on hiv our, Tookul up mate. but did nor atic. ack fron 6 furthdr island wore Camo rolitng ou in eouoos clant Mino own witd note, but nothfay more Was hoard or aren f1 all tha land, Yot Lore atoot Venioe once, and here Attily came with aword ont Avr, And act his throne of hallowed stone Tu her bigh smart, Anil it remaloa Tihs crowed ety, eruel ing Has lone eluco pared; got all alors Thore alte that missive, empty throne HA Lena me iin the araxay lanes, y cattle pathe yrae.grvwn anit lin And through the louo wood wilout walhod A bent, old beggar, white, hhe ove Yor bulter rruitage bloandming, Camoon. And as ha came te Call Unto himeolt, for thora were none Jn all that fale to anewer him, T climbed sud kat that throne ef stoma Alus for prophecy! Aloue, Yn silonk mockery of thin, 34 stale it wild sweet granoon ae yo, mrdled deep in tony strong And Spann clover, mich ax faa Vnurped the Oucllent and grows On Sacramento's engdown bills, And all tho verdant valley fills With fragrance awost and delicate As woolng breath of woman is, What prophecy was his{ ie sald “No griva alisil grow where uy ateods trol © King! thy very throne to-day Te bid and sunk in wariug grass. Hometimes the carelees uypalos pas Aud wonder at this hollowed stone. Hotimes snne pllgri Blaere this wage Aud woaried sits him here alone, ‘And contemplates the rive and fail Of proud ant pusy mao, . Yon hear ‘The sometie song of coulaliet Afor-aud faut, Then Oeharmett Kometinies draw boats apo thisehom, ‘When endden storms blow sharp. wi Himetimes the Celt or turuaned Turk, tae lbs) Baa sore peccnat work "a do Lerein, bat that te 2 A grase-growa throne aad polling orm Some enats had clfrabed the thrase astm Thar milver monugraina on it Tn vahnawn tongue, J sat th And nlew again tay inne see Blew loud, aud wrov, vd laay Then rested, walting fo reply, Bome cows that fe ju tauge hard by Le vked uy. A cowsherd came Front out the gracs in pulry #0, Half clud, nue yot bale Gre, fade Aud wildly stared ¢ tue sutaed aad The guy old Leguir bape Lis bead, Bly enly awbject, brave sud tid, é ‘Thos spokomault aaked 1a) {uF @ 60% —Jocguin ‘Mister @ Sersiner’s for Maver