Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 21, 1875, Page 9

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 2!, 1875,.—SIXTEEN PAGES. ‘Ho was well known throughout that State during the war aa an unfalteriug and uncompromising Union man, end suffered much through the svowal of his sentimente. During the War he was a Probate Judge, in 1868 was 8 member of the Constitutional Convention, was a member of the Legislature for four years, and in 1873 was elected State Treasurer on the Republican ticket, & position which be held with honor up to the date of bis decease. CHARLES W, BELL, Rear-Admirai Caantes H. Ber, of the United Btates Navy, died of pneumonia, at his reaidence, New Branswick, N. J., on the 19th inst., aged 77. ‘Be was born in New Yorkin 1793, and entered the service June 19, 1812, his last croise having expired in October, 1664. ‘There seems to be 2 row all around the board vt Springfield, between Mr. Spoaker Harves and the reporters of the State Journal and Register, and they are also trying to mix THE Tamune, Times, and Inter-Ocean of this city up inthe mess, Tux Tuipuxe, the other day, published en article based upon statements which had sp- peared in the Springfield Journal and other in- formation deemed reliable, whereupon Mr. Bpeaker Harxes, in along letter to Tue Trw- UNE, devied al snd several the allegations. The Springfield Register now comes forward and al- leges that the charges wore made on the suthor- Ity of the editor of its Journal, who, it states, farnished material for the article when he was in Chicago. The Springfiekd Journal, in defense of the former statements, alleged that the reporter of tho Chicago Times waa 8 committee-clerk appointed by Mr. Hares, which the reporter, in s card, denies. It also alleged that Mr. L. Mf. Bascock, correspondent of tho Inter-Ocoan, was a committee-clerk, and ‘was expected to do the Speaker's bidding on pain of lozing his perquisite. Mr. Bancocr comes out in a card denying it. The same paper alleged that Mr. Tuoatas Woure, Engrossing and Enrolling Clerk, snd correspondent of sev- eral country papers, was required to submit his articles to Mr, Harses’ inspection. Mr. Worre comes out in a card denying the charge, snd re- quests Mr. Puitips, editor of the Springfield Journal, to make certain affidavits as to the manner in which he discharged his daties as United States Marshal. Mr. Prous refoses to make any affidavits, and says in a card that he ‘was absent from home when the articles ap- peared in his paper ; that he dees not mow Mr. ‘Wotrr, snd so forth. To make s long story short, Mr. Harves has managed to get himself ‘written up pretty extensively in the newspapers, and, as that is probably what he aimed at, ho ought tobe happy. Mr. Wore has forwarded to us along communication with numerous clip- pings from Springfield papera, containing edi- torials, cards, statements, some of them headed “ Conspirators’ Lies Nailed,” “ Fall of a Bomb- shell,” and the like. The substance of them is given inthe above brief review of tho shindy going on between the cewspapers, reporters, cor-espondents, and the Speaker of the House of Bepresentatives. : CALVIN—A NEW PICTURE, One of the most painfal experiences of the unbdissed student of history is to discover his heroes—the heroes of his earlier yesrs—under scarching investigation. an investigation which seeks for fact and truth and nothing more, tam out very commonplace if not very repulsive characters. And yet this is an experience which the bold criticism of modern writers is making more frequent every day. 1t may be that, in the proper sense of the word, Calvin is a hero to very few. To many, however, he is quar as one of the fathers of theReformation. Itis doubtful whether even these will long point to his life as on the whole alaudable one; or excuse the dark traits in bia character for tho sake of the causo in which he was, and doubtless honestly, en- gaged. Calvin's life hay not yet been written. Lives of him there are of course in abundance; put penned either by strong parti- sans or strong opponents of the Reformation, they are disfigured by the projudices of their respective authors, A correct picture of him we msy not expect until o writer who cares 2s little for Protestantism as for Catholicism shall weigh his deeds in the im- partial scale of criticism. Already contribu- - tion bas been made to his future biography by a dikciple of the celebrated Prof. Schlosser, Dr. Galiffe, of Genova, in a series of works published by bim. But a fow copies of these monographs, devoted to the history of triala which took place in Geneva, snd in which Calvin figured largely, have been published. Mr. Eugene Peschier, German literatour, has published a series ef ar- ticles on Prof. Galiffe’s worke, in a Leipaic journal, reviewing his facts and conclusions. They are full of historical interest. Neither Galiffe nor Peschicr can deny or seems disposed to deny that Calvin was endowed with immenso ability. His erudition 2s » theologian, lus great- meas asastotesman, bis iron energy and un- ‘dending will, are facts that cannot be gainsayed. Buthere all praise of the man must end, if Prot. Galiffe states facta; and that he does we are forced to believe, since he has bad access to the original records of the trials he describes, end refers to them to substantiate his asser- tions. It was in 1536 that Calvin camo to Geneva. Hitherto he had only been known ag 8 writer. ¥Faal wiahed to keep him there; and assured him be would be accursed if he should seek his own willinstend of God’s ond leave it, He deter- fined to stay at Geneva. For the first time the consciovaness of himself and his powers took fall possession of him. He was carried nway by the dream of @ mighty theocracy. Noman ever believed more firmly that he was diroctly infin- enced by the Divine Spirit than did Calvin. He easily peranaded himself that his and God's will Were identical, and never doubted his own infal- libility in the interpretation of the Scripture. Calvin's arrival in Geneva was an eventful day for the city. It became thenceforth Calvin's city and the “Protestant Rome.” He endeavored to impress himself upon it; to make it a reflex of himself. It was to become the theocratic city of the world. God alone was there toreign. A party arose to oppose the transformation. It was ealled the national party, and resisted Calvin's yoke most strenuously. Hence the origin of the long conflict between him and it. But even before this contest arose Calvin had given evi- dence of the gigantic intolerance spd eruelty which afterwards, a8}Galiffe shows, characterized him. A short time previous to his coming into Geneva, the Government had thought of tender- ing him an official residence. A house wastaken during the absence of ita owners, and he took up bis residence in it. The proprietor, through one Pierre Anneaux, pnt in a protest against it, end, after along controversy, the Reformer was obliged to mové into s neighboring house. Calvin never forgot Pierre Anneanx; and, what is worse in a preacher of the gospel of peace, never for- gave him. He persecuted him unmercifally. ‘He forbade him to carry on his trade. He com- pelled him some twenty times to take back his faithless wife, after he had, on the ground of adultery, separated himself from her as many times, and all this while he was punishing other ‘Women suspected of adultery afterthe manner Banctioned by the barbarous state of the penal coda, with the rack, branding them, casting them alive in a bag into the Rhine, Anneaux was de- nounced and imprisoned. He was condemned to Pay 8 fine af 3.000 frencs. This did not setisfy Calvin, who refused to ascend the pulpit again ‘unless, in addition to that, the culprit were de- Prived of his rights ase citizen and required to beg pardon on his knees with a lighted taper in his hand. A elergymsn who blamed Calvin's severity towards Anneanx wae deprived of his ‘position and sent to jail on that account. - Calvin bas been credited with making Geneva @ sort of refage for the persecuted of other land, but i was only for those who believed a3 the did, and who wore wilting to accept him aa their eeder. Ho banished a groat number of Wreechmen and Italiane who had sought pro- ‘testica im the city only becanse their agreement ‘With hha wes note Hterslonea Serveius abd Sasgiere were pot te daw, ths form every one knows how; Norbert and Billones were branded and exiled; Bellot, Dubois, ond Alexandor were put to the torture, whipped pub- licly, and burned to death, Mesquin, Alciat, Felio Bolsec, Guinier, Temtuner, and Antoine Were banished, and ordered not to retura under penalty of death or of being whipped publicly; also Blandrato, Carignan, Gallo, Guistiniani, Zucchi, Castalio, Damont, Caroli, de la Marc, Megret, Champerceau, Beyron, Essautier, de Villiers, and others. With the exception of Ser- vetus, all of these wero orthodox Protestants, and differed but littie with Calvin himself. Favre excited Calvin’s antipathy; but thero was no means of punishing him. Calvin there- fore ordered that the awa he had caused to be passed should have a retrospective effect, and Favre was sent to prison for eixteen yeara for alleged acts of immorality. Gruet's case was hard one. Ho was accused of having published a libelous attack on a French evangelical clercy- man. Calvin admitted that the handwriting was not Gruet’s. To satisfy himself, how-” eyor, he ordered Gruet’s papers to be searched and brought to him. Nothing could be discovered to implicate the ac- cused. Spite of this, Calvin had him tortured every morning and evening to force him to con- fess. On the margin of one of Calvin's books against the Anabaptists Gruet bad written: “pore folly.” Calvin publicly declared in writ- ing that that was sufficient to warrant Gruet’s burning alive. The outline of an address which Gruet had intended to deliver to the people, urging them to the reformation of certain abuses, was foundin his possession, Nothing objectionable was discovered in the matter of the, sddress; but he was ne- cused of an attempt at sedition for the simple reason that he contemplated ce- livering it to the public. Calvin ordered that Grvet should be tortured till the trath was wrong from him. Tired of suffering, he asked to be put to death. His prayer was granted ; ho ‘was decapitated and his corpse hung on a gibbet. ‘The trial of Perrin brings out into bold relief some of Calvin's peculiarities. A man of the name of Maigret, a French fugitive, spite of his ostensible persecution, carried on 8 secrot corre- spondence with one of the heads of the party from whose intolerance he gave ont he had fled. It was his intention to betray Geneva to France, ‘To keep allsuspicion from resting on himself, ho denounced s highly estimable Genevan, Amiod Perrin, and sccused him of harboring the inten- tion, which was nobody’s but his own. He torea sentence ont of one of Perrin’s letters, mutil- ated it, and used it asa weapon against him, which it was not hard to do, since the extract was entirely separated from the context. Both Per- rin and Maigret went to jail,the former asa prisoner, the latter, sccording to the custom of the timo, asa witness, and as a'pledge of the truth of bis accusation. All Perrin’s frienda were ex- cluded from the Council which tried sueh of- fenses, while Maigret himeelf was allowed to sit init. It affords an insight into the charactor of the justice of the day to see Perrin seated in his moist, gloomy cell, deprived of air and light, while his accuser, Maigret, has quarters at the former Episcopal palace, keeps open house, in- vites the Jndge to meat him. who reads to him all the questions he intends to put to .the witnoss st the frisl! The Berne Deputies, to whom Perrin applied for protection, discovered the tressonable de- signs of Maigret and the complete innocence of Perrin. Spite of this, however, the following sentence was pronounced upon him: ‘For the suspicion of conspiracy which haa rested on him, Perrin shall be deprived of his office as Counsellor, of all civil rights; he shal! pay the costs of the prosocution, snd all his goods shall ‘be confiscated ; he shall be expelled the city, and shall demand pardon for his arrogance, anger, and threats, and interruptions, on his knees be- fore tho Council.” Thetreatment of Perrincreated a great'deal of ill-feeling among the people against Calvin. Theycalled himCain. Yet Per- rin’s sentence was not carried out. Calvin, fear- ing his influence, inatituted » comedy of recon- cilistion between himself and Perrin. The latter Was required to promiso that he would harbor no ill-fecling toward any one for tho treatment he had received. Calvin's intolersnca was carried inte the smallest details of life sometimes, Thus, he issued an edict requiring paventa to give their children no name which could not be found in the Bible. His adherents went so far as to call their children Sabbath, Grave, Concep- tion, etc. He forbade family reunions, national plays, ete.; some say, from religious motives, some that he might annihilate the national ele- ment in Geneva. It was to accomplish this ond that he had recourse to his coup d'etat of Mey, 1655. Great quantities of arms were introduced into the town, and, together with munitions of war, distributed smong the principal adbe- rents of Calyjn throughout the city. Two men of the national party, the broth- ers Camparet, were attacked by a crowd of Frenchmen with haiberds. They defended thomeelves with swords. A medley ensued ; and one person on each side was wounded. The brothers Camparet were imprisoned. The Syndics appeared a short time after before the Council and demanded that Perrin, montioned above, should, together with the majority of the national party, be imprisoned. {Perrin had helped to raise the baton of one of the Syndics without, however, taking it out of his hand, because the holder wae of too diminutive stature to display it. Ho was subsequently accused of having torn it from the grasp of the official, and, what is atranger still, bis offense was extended to the wholo of the national party. He was accused of high treason, and all legal counse! denied him. Cal- yin ordered that the suspected ‘accomplices should be tortured in order to compel them to criminate their principals. After four weeks of unceasing torture, evidence enough of the guilt of some was extracted from the sufferers to war- rant the execution of four fathers of families and the quartering of two more. One of them, while standing on the scaffold, accused Calvin, Virot, and Faul of having come to him in prison, and, by promises of pardon, enticed him to erim- inate innoceat men. He retracted all he had said under the torture. Francis Daniel Berthelior, the younger son of the martyr of the name, was accused of crime, too, against the State, but nothing could be dis- covered against him. Whst Prof. Galiffe bas to say of Calvin’s course towarde him beggars belief. He confided to him an honorable mis- sion: “This was,” soys Galiffo, ‘ only s ruse to ontice back his elder brothora by the appearance of ‘the absence of all danger to them. As soon as Berthelier returned he woe imprisoned, so- ensed of high treason, for having defended him- self with a stone sgninst the sword of s citizen ; and for having helped the Camparet brothers with monoy. After two months of torture, he was decapitated, spite of the prayara of lus aged mother and of his children; and-hie head sus- pended from the scaffold. ‘The slightest sym- pathy with tbe national party was punished with whipping and imprisonment for life. The elder Berthelier walked about the gibbot whore the re- mains of his brother were hanging, insane. ‘The result of Calvin's course was the extino- tion of thé national party. He reigned snpreme at lsat. And now came his laws against luxu- ry. Strange were his idens of the public good, attimes. He enunciated the extraordmary doo- trine that the people of a nation should be kept poor tbat they might be kept obedient! During the five most peaceful years of his reign fifty-eight persons were executed. Thirty- five of these were burned alive, but not until their right hands had been cut off and their en- tire bodies branded with red-hot irons. These were for the most part punished for witchcraft. Some were tartured to wring from them an affirm- ative answor to the question proposed by Cal- vin: ‘Did not the devil, Marquet, sppear to yon in the shape of a black dog 2" ‘* Did he not ave you kiss him ase sign of subordination to him, and did he not give you s powder where- with to destroy men and beasvs 2” It often happened thas parties tortared asked tobe pat tedesih to eacape their eaffarings. ‘Their request wes, it appears, always granted, and the official account of their gufferings rana: “They could not wait for God's mercy!” Sf ms person withstood the torture, he wag accused of being the possessor of & charm which took away the power of fesling. Two French savans were immured alive after having resisted all the ingenuity of tor- ture. This was in the mildest period of Calvin's reign. Lotar, the executiouer, who was honor- ed with the right of citizenship by virtue of hia office, was the busiest man in Geneva, the num- ber of executions averaging 360 per year. Such isthe picture drawn by Galiffe of Cal- vin's reign. It is not a» pleasant one; but, unless the archives of Geneva lie, and the records of the trials which took place there during Calvin's time, it isa trae one. Pea- chier, Galiffe’s reviewer, aays that Calvin do- serves to be ticd to the whipping-post of history, and will not even excuse him on the plea that his toleration was the toleration of his age, claiming that as 9 reformer he should have been in advance of his time. The cowardly command- er who turns his back to escape the enemy’s fire, says Peschior, falls under the lash of public opinion ; and, asks he, shall we have only words of praise for the man who assumes to restore Christianity to its primitive form, but who treada the doctrines and the love of Christianity under his feet ? 5 Bonnivard, Byron’s {prisoner of Chillon, who, by the way, was no martyr at all, buts devoted adherent of Calvin, was the firat, we are told, to give to the world the false picture of Calvin which historical criticism is destroying. Ho wrote work on the earlier and Ister policy of Geneva “‘swarming with lies"—s0 much so that even those in whose intorests it was written were compelied to disown it. Ihe manuscrip’ lay un- published for yoars in the archives of Goneva until, one day, @ historian gave it to the light, and with it, currency toa false account of Cal- vin's times. Michaol Roset, s second sdyocate of Calvin, undertook to correct the errors of his predecessor. He was allowed access to the ar- chives and all others were prohibited from in~ specting thom, Roset was, we are told, avery unreliable writer,—a man who had proved him~ self a perjarer before the courts of his country in order to deprive a fellow-creature of his life. Galiffe has been unmerciful; and if as he as- sures us the facts are what he states tham to be, ho was warranted in being 60. Caivin’s labors in Geneva have not been permanent, however permanently he may have impreased himself on some portions of humani- ty. The Canton of Geneva has to-day an Ultra- montane majority; and the city but s emall ma- jority in favor of the National Church ; bat even these are not Calvinistic m their tendencies. Galiffe and Peschier might, however, have said something in extenuation of Calvin's deeds. True, he was as intolerant as Torquemada ; but who in his age was not? It was not the intol- erance of the Roman Church that gave birth to the Reformation. It was the desire to eliminate from Christianity what the Reform- ers considered the excrescances which had grown upon it in the course of ages. Of all the Reformers, Calvin was the only one ,| who had any direct influence on political ideas. He bad been educated lawyer a5 well asa the- ologian ; and this had no little influence in mak- ing him the kind of statesman he was. He was the Dictator in tho Republic ; s Pope in the Be- formed Church. He has often been compared with Grogory VIL, and those most compatent to judge find the parailel not an inapt one. Im- mense bility he doubtless had. When only in his ist year he wrote the greatest of his works, “The Institutes of the Christian Religion.” Judged from the point of view from which menin our day view things, he may be condemned for having made the confession of faith which he had formulated the fundamental law of the Republic he gov- erned, and for excluding from the rights of citi- zonship all those who refused to acceptit. His desire to enforce the moral law by the machinery of goveroment was unwise and unpractical; but it was part of and parcel of himself to en- force it. Even when 2 boy we are told he waa tho moral consor of all around him. But his morality wes too intolerant to be long enforced. All bis political doctrines wero based on the teachings of the Old Testament. The Mosaic law was the pattern of hie, Hence he sent women who did not dress according to his stand- ard of decency to jail. Card-players were put to the pillory and the cards hung around their necks. Man who had failed in business wero carried on an ase’s back through the streets, their facos turned away from the auimal's head. Blasphemy was punished with death. We are scarcely prepared to believe, with the writers above named, that. Calvin waa guided in his trestment of his opponents by envy. We prefar the view of him, advocated by one of the most eminent jurists of Germany, Prof. Bluntschli: ‘If Calyin is to be jadged by the standard af the law and thought which obtained in his day among theologians and jurists, his treetment of Servetus must be justi- fied. ‘they do him injustice who ascribe low motives to bis acts, and say that jealousy cansed him to persecute his fellow-citizens. It was the devotion to hie own belief, of which his whole being was full, that urgea him to it. When, on the other hand, this act is judged by the higher standard of human thought or of Christian morals, it appears a great crime, a dark blot upon his soul. Nor is this stain washed out by the memory of the numerons ox- ecutions of heretics by Catholics. On tho con- trary, it appears sll the darker in tha compari- son; forthe Reformed Church had confidence in the right interpretation of Scripture, and in tho revelation of the Spirit to those who honest- ly soek it, cut Joose from the ancient authority of the Church, and should not have taken away ® man’s life because he had attained to a fsith after sincere endeavor to find the truth, different from its authority. Posterity will look at Calvin from this point of view, and Calvin cannot excuse himself by appealing to the narrowness of the egein which he lived, for he was s man and a Christian so highly gifted, that sincere and sorioua in- vestigation would have taught him a higher justice. His act ia a great historical warning against theological intolerancé—a warning, too, againat the danger of allowing thoologians to rule the State.” PERSONAL IJusTmmANo Roxas, of Santa Cruz, Cal, is 187 years ofd, and goes to work with the boys at the ustial hour. Elder Joux D. Lxx, of Mountain Mosdow Massacre infamy, threatens to “squeal” and implicate some of his brethren. “ Cann Prerzen” bas outdone himself in his illustrations of the great fire at Hooley’s Theatre, the supposititious story of the Chicago Times. Another King is coming to this country. Don Pxpno, Emperor of Brazil. Let Mayor Conv take heed, and get a decent speech ready for him. The. report sat afloat by the New York Herald toast Mra. I. B, Conway is dead is false. The good lady is out of danger and is rapidly recov- ering. Why should Illinois spend her money in erect- ing ® monument to STEPHEN A. Dovaxas, when Parnick O'Hams may die snd need one?—St Louis Globe. Bishop Bxpzrr, of Ohio, came to grief at Jaffe recently. Ho fell through an open trap and broke his mba. He wes taken to Cairo and was doing well st last accounts. First girl of the period—Whst has become of Jutta Ware? Second ditto—Oh, she is doing firstrate. She bas been deceived by » timid old fellow with lots of monoy. Mr. Canzorz, a Northern Nebraska man, lives on a farm which is 6 miles square and all eur- rounded by a hedge fence. The house is set 8 moles back from the road. Tox Wxtox, sn employe of the Chicago & Aiton Railroad Company, had patohes on his pants. The patches wate red, and in course of tims thare was nothing te that portion of his clothing. And after the engineers of both trains had accounted for their boing behind by the dis play of denger signals on the line, Tox Wzeton was discharged. .. The traveler who sojourns in San Francisco's new hotel will reflect with delight that eleven Persons besides himself have keys to his door, and know the place better than he does. It ig such an uncommon thing to have good order in a Toxas Court, that recently Judge Hang, of Dailas, published a card thanking the people-for their quiet and orderly behavior. Archbishop Mannzna said the only good thing ever invented by a woman was the patent sods. water invented by Miss Tuwarres, of Dublin. He must have been out with the boys the night before. Jadge Woopgurr has granted Bouctcaur an injunction to restrain Josx Harr from playing “§kibbeesh,” or the third, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth scenes thereof. Dax Rick bas gone into the Bankrupt Court. He is badly busted. There are 200 creditors, of all trades and professions. His debts are aet down at $100,000, and bis assets aro one suit of clothes ; value, $75. With what relief the weary mind turns from the meretricious revelations of the Great Trial and reads, in the advertisement of most any popular dentrifice, that “‘the atmosphere of true love is purity."—Brooklyn Argus. It was a woman, Ex1zaneTx ,Countess‘of Tha- ‘yat, who first petitioned the Irish Government for s penny post, This was 172 years ago. Sub- sequently, for that valuable hint, aho was award- ed a pension of £300 sterling per annum. Our Minister to Turkey has, it seems, had a aragoman oat inquiring sbout tho outrages on American missions. It’s high time those Turks Tearned they can’t drag a man out and beat him with impunity, even if ho is an American. AMontans editor bemoans the calamities of 1874 in the following touching strain: “ First, that Beecuse business, then the grasshoppora, then the Democratio victories, and now an in- creased tax on whisky. What is this poor coun- try coming to?” A Poughkeepsie parent lately induced a croupy youngster to make quite a hearty meal of buck- wheat cakes and “maple molasses,” but the Iat- ter proved to be nice syrap of squills. The boy said he thought something ailed the molasses the very minyte his father told him to eat all he wanted. One evening last week s materislized spirit, that had been delighting an Eastern circle of the elect, got s frightful whack on the bead from acane in the hand of s muscular akeptic, and the next day there was pasted on the shatters of the officiating medium’s atore a bit of paper containing the following legend: ‘ Closed on account of s death in the family.” Gxoncz Wesstkr, the Louisville agent of the Kentucky State Lottery, called at the office of the Sunday Globe to lick ita editor, Monroy, for writing himup. He found Monon ia the presa- room, slapped him, and, to hear Wensren groan and gee his face, you would think he'd been ron throngh the presa. That was a week ag and he is still abed. ‘My. Viczens, Librarian of the Cincinnati Pab- lio Library, has written a long report dated June 80, 1874, and now made public for the first thne. ‘The object of this report is to accuse Mr. Poot, his pretlecessor and our Librarian, of incompe- tence. For malice, misrepresentstion, and self- Isudation, if the newspapers of Cincinnati tell the truth, the Rev. Tuomas Vicegas can give odde to all competitors. é Some people imagine that Mang Twary is ex- eeedingly smart. We knew him when be was grinding platitudes for the Virginia Enierprise, and he was a notoriously lazy grinder. He would sit at his‘editorial table for hours dram- ming on a cracked guitar, while the compositors ware waiting for copy, and, when reminded of his duty by the foreman, would say: “This working between meals is killing me!” And he ‘was tho healthiest man in the Territory.—Oak- land Tribune. ‘The Fourth Duchess of Oneida, s short-horn cow, valued at $25,000, died the other day in Paris, Ky. “Thus,” asys ths Courier-Journal, “one by one our titled nobility pass from earth, and, as the obituary mscbine of the Philadel- phia Ledger would express it: ” Our dear Fourth Duchess, she is gone 1a thoce broed pastures, frosh and ‘Beyond the swelling tide, baud . Leaving us sighing for a patr of boots naida's hide, Gone to mest her grandmother, Prot. Fowzer, the phrenologist, examined the head of the Dotroit sree Press humorist, and, not knowing who his subject was, ssid; “ Young man, I cannot commend to you any in- tellectual pursuit in life. You may guide s plow with some degree of intelligence; may even hoe potatoes without danger ; but attempt noth- ing more exhausting to the cerebral tissues. You have not the brain, eir, for an intellectual life behind the couoter.” And Fowxen has learned more about his own faults from the De- trout Free Press than he eyor knew, The beautiful Mrs. Rouspy came near having her brilliancy eclipsed the other evening in Now York. While acknowledging the plaudits be- fore the curtain, her dress caught fire from the foothghts. The dress was heavy white satin, having a deep trimming of point lace. Quite s blaze had arisen, when one of the musicians attracted’ the attention of Mr. Cranmg, who quickly extinguished it before it had done any damage cther than tho ruining of the lace. Mrs. Rowusny, unconscions of tho danger through which she had passed, smiled sweetly and bowed her thanks to Mr. Cranke. A pretty girl is employed to take up the col- lections in 2 Springfield church, and the receipts are very heavy. If a strange gentleman hesi- tates aboutcontributing, she smiles, nods, snd winks in such a queer style that the victim first blushes up tothe roots of his hair, and then makes a dive for his pocketbook, anxious toclose the interview as soon 28 possible. All the young fellows who know her think it worth 50 cents a weok to catch her beautifal brown oye, and the women all pay because if they don’t she ssys “meanny” with her lips, whilea look of intense disgust overspreads her face. Some forty years ago ip Russia s literary man named TcHapNer wrote an article somewhat dis- paraging the Orthodox Greek Church, and as- serting that the Catholio religion had been on the whole more favorable to the progress of ciy- ihzation. This horesy was brought before a Council summoned by tho Emperor, and the result was that TcuapNey was pronounced in- curably insane and pla ced under police surveil- lance, being allowed toreside in bis own house at Moscow, which became a kind of Mecca to the heterodox. Among the amnesties proclaimed on the accession of the prosant Emperor was that of Tcnapygr, who waa thus cared by Imperial uksse. How ® Spaniard Kept Sunday in lowa, From the Marshalltown (Ia.) Republican, Laat week a native of Spain appearod in our sity who could speak nothing but his mother tongue. He found great diffoulty in procuring employment and m making hia wants known, ‘until hy was dircoted to Mr. Hosliger, who is fa- miliar with the Spanish language. Mr. Heyliger assisted in finding employment for the stranger with Dr. Bunce, who engaged him to cut stove- wood. He was put to work Baturday, and Ia- bored faithfully till night. Now, Dr. Bunce waa early taught to rogard the Sabbath, and he likes to see others observe it, as a day of rost. What was his surprise on Sunday morning to find his Spaniard on hand early and chopping wood with 8 vim that would have done credit to any wood- msn. He went out and tried to remoustrate, but the Castilian did not understand bim, and, supposing he wad finding fault, he only worked the harder. Tho Doctor earnestly gesticulated ; the Spaniard vigorously renewed his efforts. ‘Then tho Doctor gave it up, aud his good wife, in sore dismay, tried to convey their wishes, but without success, an the workunsn only made chi; fly faster. Ho putin the entire day at bis wor greatly to the chagrin of tho family. Friends paused the Doctor’a honss and wondered a4 the tuoatal desser ation. FLAGLOR VS. WADHAMS, A Litigation of Years at an End, After Many Ups and Downs, the De. fendants Succeed. The Supreme Court Reverses Its Former Opinion. Summary of the Decision. ‘The case of Seth Wadhams and others, ap- pellants, against Lucy 0. Flagior Gay, appellee, recently decided by the Supreme Court, is in- teresting both to the legal profession and the general reader, as well from tho amount in- volved and the vicissitudes, as it were, through which the case has passed, as from the number and importance of the legal principles involved. The cage has practically been decided both ways by the Superior and Supreme Courts, and in- volves part of the old Garrett Blook, property on Lake and South Water strects, and on the ‘West Side, worth before the fire from $950,000 to $200,000. THE FACTS. In 1850, Augustus Garrett, dying, left by will one-sixth of his estate to his nephew, Charles D. Fisglor, in remainder, to take effect if Mr. Gar- rott’s wife and his two sisters should die before the nephow. They did die before him, and Flag- lor, therefore, took the estate limited to him. Soon after the death of the teatstor, and before the happening of the contingency, the other devisees, Mrs, Garrett and James and Thomas G. Crow, made an agroement to divide the land willed to them according to their several propor- tions, A bill was accordingly filed for the pur- pose, and a decree entered purporting to be by consent. By the agreement, Flaglor was to take, “subject to the covenants, conditions, and re- version of the will” The agreement also con- tained the following clause: And the Iands 80 deeded to Letitia Fisglor and Charles D. Flaglor are to be, snd are subject . . . to the whole and entire interest of the child and children, and the descendant and descendants thereof of Charfed D. Flaglor, which herein may survive in said estate of anid Garrett, which, under ssid will, euch child, chil- ,, deacendant, or descendants may havo or at any tume’be entitled to; which said interest of such child, or children, or descendants, is hereby declared and agrecd to be charged upon the lands in said deed to said Letitis and said Charles D, Fiaglor, mentioned, And said Letitia and Charles D. Flagior, and Fredo. rich T. Flaglor, husband of said Letitis, hereby as— sume to satisfy said interest of any such child, or children, or descendants thereof which they may be entitled fo under and by the terms of said will; and tomsveand Koop hnriless the share and portions of said real estate 20 doeded to said Eliza Garrett, James Charles D, Flaglor may have or become entitled to under said or the decree of any court now made or hereatter to be made. A decree of partition was entered inf{May, 1851, which stated that Charles D. Fisglor was seize of alife estate only, the fee belonging to his children, in accordance with the slleged inten- tions of the agreement above quoted. Flaglor, however, was not satisfied with this cutting down of his interest, claiming that the will gave bim an estate in fee, and accordingly tiled s bill for review, and succeeded in having the partition decree removed, and his interest declared to be in fee. Prior to this, however, he had sold his interest to Wadhams and the grantors of tho other appellants, Engle and Day. hia decree in Fisgiors favor remained undisputed until 1866, when, at the suit of Flag- lor’s daughter, Elizabeth, he bemg dead, & writ of error was sued out and the decree in the bill of review was revere- ed, on the ground thats bill for review would not lie, ag it allegod orrror of Inw only, and error of law conld not be alleged against » judgment sppearing to be entered by consentof the parties. ‘This reduced Flaglor’s interest to a life estate, and settled the fee in the daughter. She there- upon, in 1867, brought present and three other suits against the parties to whom her fath- er had conveyed to recover the land and the rents acd profits. In 1868 she died, leaving her property to her mother, Mrs. Lucy 0. Flaglor, widow of Charles D. Flaglor, in whose name the snit was revived. She subsequently married a . Gay. In the spring of 1871, the present suit was tried before Judge Jamozon, and taken under ad- visement, He held it until the fire, when the papers were destroyed. They were, however, restored, andin Juno, 1872, the Judge gave a decision in favor of the complainant, Mrs. Gay. The case waa then referrod to tho Master for an accounting, and before final judgment another suit of the same character, against the estate of Griffin Taylor, of Cincinnati, and depending on the eame state of facts, came up before Judza Gary, and he gave s decision in, Fabrusry, 1873, in favor of the defendsnta, but final judgment ‘was suspended, the case remaining with the tacit agreement to abide by the decision in the pres- ent suit, in which so appeal was taken. ‘Mrs. Wadham’s cage was heard in September, 1873, by the Supreme Court, on printed argu- ments only, andin January, 1874, they rendered adecision in fayor of the complainant, Mrs. Gay, thus affirming Judge Jameson's opinion. An application for rehesring was made and granted, and in September Isst a foll oral argu- ment was had, the result of which was that the Supreme Court reversed their former decision, snd found for the defendants, thus sustaining Judge Gary. THE LAST DECISION. A lsrge number of legal questions were raised. One was as tothe offect of the agreement quot- ed above,—whether by it Flaglor parted with a portion of his intercat under the will. In their first decision, the Supreme Court bhsd held that Flaglor therely reduced his interest tos life es- tate, giving the fee to his children, but after “farther consideration” they came to the con- clusion that, taking the whole agreement, Flag- Jor only intended to burden his estate in favor of his children, with such reatrictions ss wore imposed by the will Fisglor, by the partition decree, only . had 8 life estate, and only conveyed that interest to _ Srantees, but, by the reversal of that decree in 1854, he was declared possessed of the fee, and by force of the statute that additional title inured to the benefit of his tees, thas investing them with tho whole legal estate. The present owners pur- chased before the reversal of the review decree in 1866 in good faith, for value, and were there- fore entitled to be protectod. The law was woll settled that if a judgment was reversed the parties were tobe reatored to their original Tights so far as it could be done without preja- dice to third persons. But the rights of third persons were not affected, and their title to property acquired under sn erroneous judgment ‘was not divested by its reversal. The decree on tho bill of review then, being in full forcefat the time the Engles and Day acquired their righta from Moses, those partica were entitled to rely on that decision as the law which determined whet was the estate which Charles D. Flagior had in the lands. That decree declared anch estate to be s remainder in fee, and the Court was of the opinion that such was the estate that the Englos and Day took by their purchase. Nor did the fact that the Engies aud Day were parties “to the writ of error which reversed the decree under which they acquired title, and to which they interposed an unsuccessful defense, .alter their rights. They were not parties to the partition or review suite, and the reversal tothe review decree was solaly on the groundthst the partition decreo,was by consent. ANOTHER, BUT INVALID OBJECTION, was that Elizabeth Flogior, the daughter saad original complamant, was 8 minor at the time of the rendition of the review decree, and not bound by it, but had her day in court sfter com- ing of age to show cause against the decree. | But thé Court said no day was given by the de- cree, nor wag it in accordance with the practice to give wuch a day, andthe decrea was properly mado absolute against the infant. She, howev- er, by the statute, had five years after ooming of age in which to bring a suit of error. THE TITLE OF WADHALS, however, aa coming direct from Flaglor at the time the partition decree was in force, was based on different bounds trom that of the pur- chasers under Moses under the iow de- ores =The ition decree waa not properly ® consent Fearos, as the evidence showed that Flaglor refased to be bound by it, and claimed that he had an interest in feo instead of for life, ag given by tho partition decree. That decree made a wrong definition of the rights of Fisglor on the mistaken supposition that he consented to it, while in fact he intended to have snd retain all bis rights under the will. Tne decros did not profess to construe the will. ‘The bill asked for nothing of the kind: it was omy to set apart tho shows of Mrs, Garrett, the Crows, and Flaglor. As that partition decree did not rest on any basis pf f real right or equity, the inguiry was whether of eal ight oF eats Wo dl ak la exrrying it into exocation, or giving relief which woudl be tantamount to th: A ‘Tho partition decree was not complete, as it did not provide for conveyances or the several estates, and it could not be executed until some further order was made or » new bill filed to supply the omission. As it was, the decree was ‘but an expression of a purpose. Hence the Present gait to obtain exeeution of the former decree. BUT ON AVL, THE FACTS shown, the Court would not have made a decree limiting Flaglor to a life estate, and giving s re- mainder in fee to his children. ‘A court of equity i & right on s bill to carry a decree into exe- cution to look into the case, and see if it would make the decree ssecondtime. The case was in its nature one of s declaration of a gift by Charles D. Flaglor to his chil but the gift ‘Was never made—was voluntary, incomplete, and not binding, and was revoked by his conveyance to Wadhams and Moses. Tho partition de- cree is not open to the objection that the case was ‘res sdjudicats, as it waa not considered by the Court, but by sup- posed consent. The fotition decres was a mis- construction of the will, and founded ona mis- take, and there was no ground in moral right, equity, or conscience to cali on a conrt of equity to reinforce it. The decree, therefore, of the Court below in favor of the complainant, who sought to have the partition decree enforced, should be rovised as to all the defendants, and the cause remanded. Mesers. Ayer and Kales appeared for the ap- elisa, Seth Wadhams; Messrs. George Her- rt and L. H. Boutell for the Engles and Day, and Messrs. W. C. Goudy and A. W. Waidett for Mra. Lucy 0. F. Gay. > Exoursion to Jacksonville, Fla, ‘Tickets via Psn-Handle and Kokomo Line or Kanka- ‘Keo Line for sale st the general office, No 121 Randolph atreet, Single ticket from Chi: to Jacksonville, Fis. .: sete pet er from Chicago to Teejavite , and return. Bleeping-cars ran icago Louisville, and from Louisvillo to Jacksonville, with- out change, Single berth in sleeping-car, Louisville to Jacksan- ville, $8. For time-table showing map of the lines and any in- formation required, sddresa E. Gar.ve, General Western Passenger Agent, Comptroller Hayes Offers for Sale or to Rent at low prices s large number of elegant brick and stone-front dwelling houses, in a central and faahiona- ble neighborhood, being closo by the residences of bimself, the Hon, Cyrus H. MoCormick, Wiliam L, ‘Lee, Esq, the Hon. Monroe Heath, and others of our ‘wealthy and prominent citizens, Mr. Hayes has built most of these houses since the panic, giving employ- ment to hundreds of our mechanics and laborers when tt was most needed, and, in consequence, he has te- enred better houses at a much lower cost than usual. Ho is therefore able to offer them on such terme as to make it greatly to the interest of prudent men to se- cures home before the advance of prices which will toon take place, See the advertisement in another volomn. Embroideries and Underwear. ‘We have just received a fresh importation of Ham- ‘borg embroideries, an immense large stock, with many entirely new and elegant patterns, These goods were bought before the great advance last fall, and are consequently vary cheap, We have also just ro ceived from our own astern factory a very large variety of new patterns in ladies’ underwear, These goods being our own mansfacture, we guarantes them perfectly made, Woe are also selling them much lower than lady can make them at home, besides being better shapes and styles, Horcuxm, Patmee & Co., 137 and 139 State atreet, — Glen Flora spring-water and its wonderfal and magic-lke cures performed mn cases of dyspopsis, Bright's disease, dis- betes, kidney complainta generally, i aid to be the all-absctbing theme of conversation among the people of Waukegan. Tho efficiency of these waters {s attested by eminent and well-known poblic men, ‘The water is for sale by Metcalf & Co.,53 North Clark street: C, ‘Tatum, 146 Madison street ; Dr. James J, Harrington, ‘45 West Randolph street; J, ©. Bochherdt, 735 West Madison street: Judson 8, Jackson, corner Thirty- first streetand Michigan avenue, This water is en tirely free fram the sulphate of ime, BR, H. McDowell & Co., 228 West Madison Street, Corner Peoria, will offer their entire stock of Indies’ cotton under- Wear and corsets, kid gloves, knit secques, alpaca suits, wrappers, infante’ merino cloaks, and a fol Hine af ladies’ and gents’ furnishing goods, st 50 per cent, below former prices. Ladies you wil! save money by buying your underwear and corsets at the West Side Popular Cheap Store. ——— oe Bankrupt Stock. Having purchesed the atock of G. Mendlesen, 34 ‘East Washington street, we will offer the entire stock, comprising large line worsted goods, zephyrs,’ gimps, ribbons, trimmings, etc, at 50 cents cn the dollar. Great bargaina will be offered, as the entire stock must be sold, Bosrow Sronz, 118 and 120 State atrest, ee eee Ohicago, Alton & St. Louis Railroad--- Important Change of Time. On and after Monday, the 22d of February, the Kan- san City and Denver Fast Express will leave the West ide Union Depot at 12 noon, daily, except Sunday, instend of 12:90 p, m., as herstofore, Geo time card in another column, ———_—>___. More than 10 Off. ‘We are selling suits from our winter stock very low ‘tndeod, many of them being even lower than when we ‘made a discount of 10 per cent on everything. Our spring stock is now arriving, which wo will sell at our usual low rates, Onpwar & Newisup, merchant tailors, 209 West Madison street. ‘% Smith’s American Organs. ‘New styles, new catalogues, new prices, ‘Three hun- dred organs now in store, All orders for dealers filled with dispately, Also grand, square, and upright pianos forssle or rent, W. W. Kimbsil, corner of State and Adams streets. The Warwick. ‘The idea that any collar except s linen ene will wash without com ing to pieces is absurd ; but it is a well- ‘known fact that Warwick collars will keep clean longer than any others. They are forsale at all furnishing stores, So Reed & Son’s Organs. ‘If you wish to boy s first-class organ with the Isteat improvements, the sweetest quality of tome, andthe newest style of case, go to Reed’a Temple of Music, 1 ‘Van Buren street, ——_——_.—___— ‘The “‘ Tremont House Restaurant” nerves the samo bill of fare as the hotel proper, Sundays the samo as week days, Alto a 6:30 p, m. dinner, ‘Most suitable place in the city for gentlemen with their wives, Reopening. ‘Frank Squatr & Co, will reopen the Grand Pacific Drug Store, 236 Clark street, Wodnesday, with a com. plete stock of pura drugs, fine toilet articles, and ole- gant fancy goods, ee ey Bottled Mineral Waters for Families by Back & Eayner, makers of the “ Mars Cologne.” ‘The worry of & constant cough and the soreness of Jungs, which generally sccompanies it, are both reme~ died by Dr, Jayne's Expectorant, BUSINESS CARDS, WiIISOn’s GRAND CENTRAL LAUNDRY 1549 Btatost. Ofico, Btatest seat “Collars. 30 Cents Der Bez. DR. G. A. BISHOP, MAGNETIC HEALER, G2 West Washingtoa-st. Bo- ore cesex cf acute Nouralzis and Ihoumatism invariably Cured ins few minutes, witnont the uso of drags.” The fost profare perspiration produced by matmeric mal Etious alone, by which Fevers aro alfayed and local to flammation snbdaed. Chronic Disoases, Female Weak- noss, and Paralysis a specialty. Consultations free. FIRE INSURANCE. NIAGARA FIRE Insurance Co. OF IN. Y- CHARTERED ........00000---1850, CASH ASSETS $1,500,000. Invested in 5. Bonds, $800,000. LOSSES PATD, ova 4,250,000. Term Risks in the LATE Underwriters’ Agency (com- posed of Hanover, Germania, Republic, and Niagara Ins, Co's of N, Y.), may be RE: WRITTEN IN THE “NIAG- ARA,’ at expiration, and we will be pleased to issue poli- cies in lieu, DAVIS & REQUA, AGENTS, 153 LaSalle-st., CHICAGO, TLD. GROCERIES: GROCERIES! Buy Your Family Supplies at SLACK’ MAMMOTH GROCERY HOUSE 100 East Madison-st., Betwosn Clark and Dearborn-sts. Save from 10 te 30 Per Cent, and get Standard Goods. Freeh Arrival of Fine Flavored Now Chop THRAS!: At the following LOW PRICES: Se, GOc, 8Ne, 2X - = = = = Ge, 0c, $1,821.10 = 50c, 65c, 9c, $1, £1.10 COec. 80c, $1, 31-20 GOe, Be; St, 21.16 @olong - = = . « Japan Young Hyson - Gunpowder = + English Breakfast -:- Standard A Colfce Sugar, per D. -..-+.nnsceremmon--1 Oe Granulated Sugar, par D.. ene 60) New Zante Corrants, per New Valencia Raising, per ID.......... Sew Turkey Proves, per D.... Chotce Bt, Louts White Winter Wheat Flour, *“West- ern Queen,” per bri. $7.00 Chotos 8t. Lonig White Kigin, anf ether chotce hrands of Semstoes, D> cant, per case of 3 dos.......--nsorrecnnrererereesSS1TO Prostor & Gamble’s Original Mottied Onin Bosp, @ dara, fall weight, par bor... ...arerereer SETS Be. Price's Cream Baking Powder, 1-t cans, per cn seseees = Soe Royal Baking Pewdcr, fall-weighs, par Ib.230 STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES Ot every description, at prises that dety eompetttion. Goods dclivored tp any part of sho city fros a sharge, Oo. EX. SACK, WHOLESALH AND RETAIL GROCHR, 109 East Madison-st. CHAMPION OF ST. LOUL..87.08 BELLE OF ST. LOUIS. 5 {Garden State Chaice Winter.. 6.08 Finest Minnesota Hpring. ied ‘Try my Champion Brand Kxtra White Winter, notably owt avor offored in this markot for the mony. finsislac~ tha Delivery free. | Order i mail O. 0. D. GOLVIN'S, 7 Wert Van Durot-st., or US areberav. SCALES, FAIRBANKS’ sr, SCALES : OF ALL 1aNDS., @ FAIRBANKS, MORGE & CO. 111 & 113 Lake St, Chicage. Becarefaltobay only the Genaine, LEGAL, TREARURY DEPARTMENT. Ornce On COME Te ortEe RA hha a al 'aToM, Feb. 8, 1835. Notice is here! to all dinlng Apntort "the Cook County Nedoual Gane of OOF eage,” It, that the preeemled to ath aw £ as Senate Burley, Haceiver, wits ths legal Eisee taocshe teats Guts Rata, ZEPHYR WORSTEDS, &o. TEPHYR WORSTEDS, Embroideriss, Canvas, THPORTED AND DOMESTIC SHALL WARES, te if - a bin et eeaiee ek ero H.C. COLE & CO., 131 Twenty-second-ct. SeP" Ordos will vecetve pemapt cod earetal sieotin