Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 7, 1875, Page 9

o THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUN AY FEBRUARY 7, 1875.---SIXTEEN PAGES. became as rank as tho cheese; his will as oft a5 the butter. He sinned, pocketing the procecde, and thenceforward wandered over the {aco of the eaith a criminal, and from stealing butter proceeded to vonds, snd from-chcese marched forward to checks, Perhaps it was the butter that impelled him to bigamy; perbaps it was the cheese. Whichever it was, we find him now ith three wives clamoring for his imprison- ment, and half a duzen detectives demanding their share of the money be stole. What could be more tonching than this biography of a crim- jal? Beared coder such dieastroys influences of such a grandfather, aud the accumulated and represeed tendencies of such a father, whatman sould bea dicthan in vircue ia the faco of “eheese; and who withstand the seduction of trea butter ? - ‘The Royal Hdmane Society of England, which wlebrated its contennio] last year, is the beat mown of ali life-saving societies in the civil- ged world, though there aro fow nations which tannot boast similar organizations. The Royal Life-Saving Society of Belgium has decided to sive fresh impetus to the science of preserving fifo, and bas annonucea a Congress and Tuter- ational Exposition at Brussels, to take place in fone, 1976. it will bean exhibition of all life- javing apparatas, appliances for safety, ventila- tion, bgione, ete. Tho Exposition is to be of the most generous description, including all ma- thinery for ealvage in case of fire, shipsreck, qailrond accidents, drowning, and war; bygiene + nd ventilation in mines, factories, work-rhopy, Iwelling-honses, hospitals, charitable and penal nstituuons; organizations for tho benefit of rorkingmen, modicine, surgery, and pharmacy. The question naturally occurs why should not the conductors of the Centennial make a propo- ition to tho Belgian autherities for the privi- lego of adopting their excellent idea, and in- eorporatiug it with our national display at Phil- adeiphia ? E — PRINCE ALBERT, Tas Lez or Dis Rorat Hiowyess ree Prmce coxsuut, By Lueuoae Mansis, With Portrcs and Views, Vol L lemo., pp, ovl, New kurk: D. Appleton & Co. Mr. Martin bos hada trying tas to perform in writing a biography of the Princa Consort ‘under the supervision of the Queen, who regard- ed berhusbaud with,-feelings little short of adoration. lo the nature of things, it was'a very dificalt matter for the author to avoid compos- ing s panegyric; yet he bas, with much tact, eonwived to doso, and has proiuced a memoir impressive an appearance of candor aud impartiahty as do most works of its class, From thoas who knew the Prince, gad were, therefore, capable of judging him, hightestimony bes been borne to the punty and’ beauty of his character; sad we are, therefore, prepared to ascept, as justiy mented, the kindly words of esteem and admira- tion with which his biographer, in evident hon- esty and modesty. invariably speaks of him, ‘Tho Prince, as the husband of Eugland’s Queen, filed one of -hg most difticalt positions with re- markaBle discr@tion, extiviting, in alt his con- duct,rare sagacity, diacrimination, and amiability. Victoria had been exzellendy fitted for tho duties of a sovereign by nataral endowments of Lesd and beart, aud by 8 broad and thorongh training, and sbe had at,ber command the help of wise councilors; yet was she deeply indebted to her husband for able and judicious advice in ail pubiic as well as private maiterg requiring o careful exercise of reuson and judgment. And this indebtedness she gratefully acknowledged, giving in return the loving devotioa of a wife’s Joyal heart. No spectaclo ia more‘ pleasing than thas cf the pure and sweet domestic happiness that has ever reigned in the home of Queen Victoria. It is a blessed . rolief which her Court presents after the dissolote and im- becile reigns of the monarchs who preceded her. Looking back along the line of English sover- @gns, wnere cau we pause to contemplate with sstisfaction a Royal houseaold frea from dis- cord, division, grcss licentiousnesa, and conse- quent misery? For one great boon, the English people must regard their Queeu with unbounded veneration: the model she has afforded them of the domestic virtues. And to the Prince Con- sort a5 well 26 to herself isdue this peautifal ex- ample. Batter than brilliant talents or extraor- dinary lea:ning, did his gentle, yet staunch, virtues adispt nm for the place of husband, con- fident, and* guide to the Queen of the British Empire. With appropriate grace did she call him “Master,” as in a letter to Baron Stock- msr, written dunng a brief absence of the Prince: ‘I feel very lonely without my dear Master; and, though I know other people are often separated for a.fow days, I feel habit could not make me get accostomed to it. This Iam sure you cannot blame. Without him everything Joses its interest. . . . It will always bes tertibie pang for me to separate from him, even fortwodsya; and I pray God never to let me survive him. I glory in his being seen and Joved.” Francis Charles Augustus Albert Emmanuel, the second son of tho Duke of Saxe-Coburg- Salfld, was born at Coburg, Ang. 26, 1819. ‘Three months previous to this date, the Duchess Kent, sister of the Prince's father, had given birth to a danghter, the future Queen of En- gland. From fheir cradles, the idea of uniting tivousing in marriage bad been entertained by their families, This intention was kept from the Lrowledge of Victoria, but the Prince sosms to have early had | some hint of it iis education was carefully conducted, and every pains taken to give him the culture and accomplishments befitting a gentle- man of his rankand prospects. In 1636, it being deemed advisable that the Prince and Pmncess ehotld pecome personally acquainted with cach other, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg accepted an in- Yilation to visit the Dachess of Kent, at Ken- sington Palace, in company with his two sons, Not until after the expiration of his visit, which Jasted four weeks, wes Victoria informed of the wishes of her family regarding her union with the Proce. Her own inclinations in the matter were frankly expressed, on receiving this information, in s letter to her uncle, Enng Leopold of Belgium. ‘I have only now to beg you,” it concludes, “totake care of the health of one now dear to me, and to take him under your special protection. I hope sod trust that all will go on prosperonsly and well on this Subject, now of so much importance to me.” But the young couple had not yet concinded their 17ta year, and their training for the great Tesponsibihties before them had by no means concluded. On his return from Eugland the Prince re- mained ten months in Brassels, occupied in the ‘tudy of history and modorn languages. From Brossels he went to Bonn, where for eighteen months he gave particular attention to the natu~ tal sciences, political economy, and philosophy. Mame he pureucd with passion, and not only be- came a proficient in the art, but displayed con-~ Biderable talent ae a composer. In the autumn Of 1837he made a thorough exploration of Switzerland and the Italian Iakes on foot, and Vieited Venice and Milan for the purpose of in- specting their art-treasures. His contemplated biide bad now occupied the throne of England ‘for several months, and the friends most desit- ‘ous of their union pressed the Queen to make definite arrangements for its accomplishment in 1839, Bat Her Majesty demurred, on account of her own youth and that of the Prince, and the marriage postponed for several Yearg, cotil both had acquired broader cultare > and riper experience. After leaving the University, in 1833, the Prince Spent coms months of studious travel in Italy 8s the finishing courss of his education. In Oc- tober, 1889, he again visited Eugland, but under the impreacion that the Queen wished the affair of bis union with her “to be considered a5 broken off, and that for four years ahe could think of no marriage.” The attractions of the Prince, however, made % quick conquest of the Queen, and, five days after they had met, the Cousins settled arrangements fortheir immediate Marriage. “Prince Albert was emivently hand- Soma," writes Parl Grey of kim at this period. “Bat there was also in hiscountenance a gentle- Bess of expression, and a peculiar aweetness in his smile, with a look of deep thought and high intelligence in hia clear blue eye and expansive forehead, that added a charm to the impression he produced in those who gaw him, far beyond that derived from mere beauty and regularity of features.” And the Queen writes to her uncle, on the second day after us arrival: ‘ Albert’s beauty is, most striking, and he is most amiable and unaffected,—in short, very fascinating.” The 10th of “ebruary, 1840, the ceremony of their marriage was colebratod ‘at the Chapel of St.James’ Palace, ‘fhe Queen’s look and man- ner,” writes Lady Lyttleton, describing the event, “were very pleasing; her eyes much swollen with teara, but great happiness in her countenance; and her look of confidenca and comfort at the Prince, when they walked away oman and wife, was very pleasing to see. I understand she is in extremely high spitits since. Sach a new thing for her to dare to be unguarded iu conversing with anybody ; and, with her fran: and fearless nature, tue restraints ahe has hith- erto beon under, from ona reason or another, with everybody, must have been most painful.” Fow mamnsges have been so harmonious and happy.as this between the Queen and the Princo throughout its whole course. The record of -tueir private lives is one unvarying account of tautual love, confidence, and fidelity. From the cares of stato and the complex trials that beset both, they ever turned for rest and consolatioa to each other, and to their beloved children. Many a charming glimpse of their connubial and. paternal felicity do we catch sight of os the years glide on. In 1843, the Prince writes to his lite-long friend, Baron Stockmar: “The clul- dren, in whos terest, ara malting most favorable prograas. ‘Tho eldest, ‘Pussy,’ is now quite a little personage. She speaks English aud French with great fluency and choice of phrase;” and the Queen adds: “Our PusseWe learns a verge of Lamar- tine by heart, which ends with ‘Le tableau so deroule a mes pieds.’ To show you how well he understood this difficult line, I must teli you the following Bon mot: When she was riding on ber pony, and looklag at the cows and sheep, she tumed to Madame Charrier (her governess), and said, ‘Voila Je tablesu qui se deroule a mos pieds.’ Is not this extraordinary for a child of 8 years?” ‘The favorite amusemeut of the leisure houra of the Queen and Printe was the practice of music and drawing, in which arts both excelled. Singing and plsymmg together wos their especiat recreation, The organ was the chosen instra- 4 ment of the Prince, and with what skill he per- formed upon it may be learned from the follow- ing letter by Laay Lyttleton, wriuten soon after his marriage: ‘Yesterday evening, as I was sitting here comfortably afier the drive, by’ condlelight, reading M. Guizot, suddenly there arose from the room beueath, ob, sucit sounds! . . . It was Prince Albert—dear Prince Albert—playing on the organ; and with such master- ‘Skil, ast appeared to me, inodulating 60 learnediy, winding through every kind of bass cud chord, ull he wound up into the most perfect cadence; and then off sguin, louder and then aufter. No tune, and Iam too aistant to perceive the execution or emzil touches, Bo I only heard the harmeny; but I never Msteaed with much more plessure to any music. I ventured at dinner toask bim what I hed hesrd: ‘Ob, iny organ anew jon of mine, Iam 60 fonu ‘of the organ! It ie the first of ixstrumesis; the only instrument fur expressing one’s feelings! [I thought, Are they not good feelings that the orgun exyrewes?) Aud it teaches to play ; for on the organ n miztuke/” On, wucd misery!” and he quite shuddered at the thought of ‘the sostenuto discord, ‘The Prince was a devoted patron of music and the fine arts, and did much to cultivate a taste for them among the people by encouragiug art- istsand the foundation of art-institutions in England. When Mendelssohn was in Loudon, in 1842, he visited the Prince at Buckingham Palace, aud afterward gave a deligh(ful account of his interview, from which we copy:, Prince Albert had acked me to go to him on Satus~ day at 2 o'clock, so that I migit try bis orgau before I left England. "I found ‘alone, and, a5 we wets talking away, the Queen came in, also alone, ina sin ~ ple morning-dress, Sho said she was obliged to leara Jor Claremont in an hour, and then, suduenly inte ~ rupting herself, exclaimed: “But, goodness} what s confusion !” for the wind had littered the whole room, and even the pedals of the organ (which, by the wu,", made a very pretty feature in the room), wita leaves music froma large portfolio that Isy'opeu. As sho spoke, she kneit down sud began picking up the music, Prunea Albert helped, and I, too, was uot idie, Tien Prince Albert proceeded to’ explain the stops to mo, ‘and she said that ahe would imeunwhile put things straight. . ‘I begged that the Prince would first play me some~ thing, so that, as I said, I might bossi of it in Ger- many; and he played’ s chorale, by heart, with the pedals, so charmingly, and clearly, snd cor- rectly, that it would have done credit to any profes~ sional; and the Queen, having finished Ler work, came ‘and sat by him, and listened, add louked Pleased, ‘Then it was my turn, and I began my chorus from “St, Paul,” “How lovely are the mes~ sengers.” Before I got to the end of the first veree they both, joined in’ the chorus; ana ll the time Prince Albert managed the stops for me #0 clever:y— first the fluts, ct ihe forte the great organ, at the D major part the whole, then he uiade a lovely diminu- endo with the stops, and so on to the end of'tifo pice, and all by heart—that I was really quite en ‘fuen the. young Prince of Gotha came in, and thero wes more chatting; and the Queen ssked if I had Yyrilten any new sougs, and said ehe was very fond of singing my published ones,“ Yuu should sing ano to him,” said Prince Albert ; and, after a little Legaing, she 'said she wourd try the “ Frublingvlied” in fiat, “If itis still here,” ebe added, ‘for all my muaie is packed up for Claremont,” Prince Albert went to luok for it, but came back, saying it was al- ready packed, ‘ But one might perbaps’ unpack it,” said, We must send for Lody —-,"' she said (I did not catch the name). So the bell was rung, and the sorvante were sent after it, but without success ; and at last the Queen wont herself, and, while she was gone, Prince Albert said to me, ‘She begs you will ac- cept ibis present as 2 remembrance,” and gave me a Little ceae with a beautiful ring, on which is engraved “V, B., 1862.” ‘Then the Queen came back and said, “‘ Lady —— is gone, and Dag taken all my things with her. It Teally is most snnoying.” (You can't think how thst amused me). I then begged that I nught not be made to suffer for the accident, and hoped che would sing another song. After some consultation With her hus~ and, he said, “She will sing you something of Gluck’s.” Meantime the Princess of Gotha had como in, and we five proceeded through various corridors amd rooms to the Queen's sitting-room, "The Duchess of Kent came in, too, and, while they were all talking, Trnmmaged about tmonget. the'music, and soon dis covered my first set of songs. Bo, of course, I Legged her rather to sing one of those than the Gluck, to which she very kindly consented ; ond which did sho choose? “ Scuoner und schoner schmuckt sich sang it quite coarmingly, in strict time and tune, and with very good execution, Only in the line, “Der Prosa Lasten und Bub,” where it goes down to D, aud then comes up agcin chromaticaly, she sang D sharp each time, and, av I gave her the note both times, the last time sho fang D, and there st ought to have been Dsharp. But, with the exception of this little mis~ take, it was really charming; and the last long GI have never heard betler, or purer, or more natural, from any amateur. ThenI was obliged to confess that Fanny had written the cong (which I found very hsrd, but pride must bave a fall), and to beg her to sing one of my own also, If { would giveher plenty of help she would gladly try, she said, and then she sang the Pilgerepruch, “ Lass dich nur,” realiy quite fauitless- ly, and with charming feeling and ion, I thought to myself, one must not pay too many com- pliments on such en occasion, so I merely thanked her agrest many times; uron which she said, “Oh! ff only I bad not been frightened ; g¢ I have euch long Lreath.* Then I praised her henrtily, and with the best cenécience in the world; for just that par: with the long G ¢ the close she Lad done so well, taking the three following and connecting notes in the same breath, es one seldom hears it done, and, there- foro, it amused me doubly that she herself should have begun about it, é ‘The extract ia long, but the scene it depicts is Bo interesting that tho reader will scarcely come plain that it was not abbreviated. ‘The Queen-accompanied the Prince, in 1845, ona journey to Coburg, which was crowded with happy incidents all the way. ‘The Prince was welcomed back to bis native laud with fervor, while her Majesty was received with the honor due her individual position, and with the regard youchsafed her a4 the wife of a popnlar scion of the house of Saxe-Coburg. When in Bonn, at a banquet given at the Palace, the King of Prussia pledged the health of his Royal guests in woras which profoundly touched their hearts and aroused the enthusiasm of all present. ‘“Gen- tlemen,” he said, ‘fill your glasses! There is & word of inexpressible sweetneas to British as well as to German hearts. Thirty years ago iv echoed on the heights of Waterloo from British ‘and German tongues, after days of hot and des- perate fightice, to mark the glorious triumph of our brotherhood in arms. ‘ Nuw it resounds on the banks of our fair Rhine, amid the blessings of that peace which was the hallowed fruit of the t conflict. That word is, Victoria! Gen- tlemen, drink to the health of her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain aod Ireland [bowing gracefully to the Queen}, and [making his glass ring, according to German wont, against the glass of Prince Albert} to that of ber august congort.” «<The Quesn,” writes Bunsen, who was pres- ent, “bowed at the first word, but mueh lower fare you tuke so kindiy an in- | atthe second. Her eyes brightened through tears, and, as the King was taking hisseat again, she rose and bent towards him end kissed his cheek; then took her seat again with a beaming countenauce.” ‘The present volame carries the life of the Prince down to tho year 1848. No events of great note occurred during the eight years cov- ered by the narrative, in which ho had held the position of Prince consort. His election to the Chancellorsbip: of -the University of Cambridgo was one of the most important incidents that marked this period; but, in the main, his life was quiet, and a rotired as was possible to his station, His unobtrusivencss, jomed to bis single-hearted desire to further the interests of Engiand os far as was in his power, gradually. won for him the respect and regard of the na- tion, dissipating in afl minds the projudices and jealousies to which, as a foreigner brought sear lo the throne, he had in tho beginning been aub- ject. : Asa history of the present English Court, the biography of the Prince will derive much inter- est. The acpount it furnishes of interviews with foreign Sovereigns and Princes, and of visita with the English nobility, will ulso be read with avidity. Indeed, it may bo said with candor that we hgve not had a more pleasing work of the kind in eome time. The picture of the Prince may be high-colored, but it certainly 1s a grati- fying one to coxtemplate. oe PCLITICAL ETHICS, Manvax or Porrrican Ermics. By Francis Lrenrn. ‘Pwo Vole, Second Edition Edited by ‘fuzovore D. Woorsey. Philadelphia: | J. 1. Lippincott & Co. London: Teubner & Co. 18%: The seccnd edition of Lieber’s great book on Political Eihics will receive a warm welcome by the student of politicalscience. Itsappearanceat this time is must opportune ; and, if itservestoampress the rising generation of American voters with the conviction that, as members of the great body politic known as the American Union, they have certain specifio dutics to perform; if it helps to throw light on what these dutios are,— jt will accomplish a task which scarcely any other book is competent to accomplieh. Divorgent as are men’s views us to tho criterion of moral right, all are agreed that man is s moral agent. Wherever placed, be bes duties to per- form. As child, man, parent, citizer, heis called ‘upon to do much, or to feave much undono. Existing in society, he has moral and political duties to perform different from tpose which he owes to his fellow-man sa 2 member or head of a family. Whats man’s daties as a compovent part of s Poople, State, or Nation, are, is tho subject to which slr. Lieber devotes the two goodly volumes before us. * Our author, we take it, belongs to the intuitive schiool of morals. He is certainly xo utilitarian, ‘When « man acte, he is, according to Lieber, either impelled by instinct, or prompted by sen- guality, or he determixes his own will, In thia power of scif-determination on tho part of man, wediscern the foundation of the moral Jaw. Bat, even while self-determining, man may ba actuated by motives of expediency, or by mozal motrves which include the immoral ones, as ill- nessis included in the state of health, The moral motives make an action good or bad. Lie- -ber will not allow that our notions of morality are foutded in experience. There is in every man, even in the most degraded, he tells us, 8 feeling denoted by “he ought” or ‘ho ought not,” entirely independent of exnediency or judicionsness ; that is, the moral element is found in the’ human soul. This consciousness of right and wrong is independent alike of ex- perience and revelation. To prove this con- sciousness of right and wrong, of ought and ought not, is as dificuls tavk as to find a rea- son for our existence, outside of the conscious. ness that we do exist. In our dealings with all men, we assume the existence of both. If you hed no feeling of right or wrong, asks Liever, what could possibly prevent you trom stesling anything of which you are in want, if convinced that the article will never be missed ? -Experi- ence? Experience may lead to the vory contrary. It may be that tho greater number of thefts re- main undiscovered. Or is it because it is known that no ono will prosper upon fraud? But families, dynasties, successive generations, have prospered upon fraud and crime. Lieber’s criterion of morals will be understood from the following : God has given to man s far higher character, and the order of things in creation is founded upon a dii- ferent principle than the gross one that worldly mirery follows upon wrong, and prosperity upon right, in each case, Indeed, it woald not be a moral world, Sf the necesssry consequence of theft were the wither- ing of the arm that coumitted it; if the touguo that ies were stricken with pslry. On the contrary, it Would be 8 non-moral world,—s world of necessity, and not of freedom of action." The truth ought early to be inculeated, that virtue may not lead to success, —that if may lead to far greater y2ngs than thoae who are not virtuous.can evor fecl, for the very reason that they are not virtuous, Nor can the experience of pleasure give us the notion of right and wiong. The approbation of conscience is greatest in those cases in which we act most contrary to pleasurable sensations. Thus conscience is made ont to be an original consciousness of right and wrong, though not of napecific right or wrong. Conscience may be developed and cultivated, but the consciousness of right and wrong is primordial and general. Tho divergence of opinion on moral rules does not dieconcert Mr. Lieber; for, as he shows, their uniformity is greater than their dieagroe- ment. ‘Having laid down these principles ss the prin- cipes of ethics in general, our author passes to the consideration of Political Ethics, or that de- partment of Ethica which investigates the moral principles man ought to be guided by in political cases, Under what circumstancos is the citizen morally bound to vote? Is he always under a moral obligation to vote? Are there any osca- sions in which it iss matter of indiffereace whether he votes or not? When ought he not to vote? Supposing that an opposition to the Ad- ministration is both advisable and désirable, how far may a conscientious citizen go ia his opposi- tion? These, and all similar questions, it ia the provinco of the science of Yolitical Ethics to en- able each ono to anewer for himself, In the present work, Mr, Lieber does not discuss ethics as applied to international intercourae, but only a8 applied to municipal political relations. Political ethics is a subject which should en- gage the attention, not only of statesmen, but of the young. It was particularly for the young that the book before us was written. The State, being fonnded in resson, must have a moral end. ‘There is a law higher than: tho buman will, and it ia the busincas of all men to discover it and follow it.. Whatever may have been tho acts of statesmen or Kings, it has never yet been pro- feased that mocality may bs disregarded in po- litical mattera. Their utterances and claims have alware belied their words. But itis added that the principles of morality are not applicable to foreign and domestic matters in precizely the same manneras in private transactions or family relations. Columbus is not to be blamed for making use of an eclipse to deceive the natives of Jamaica, and thus through fear induce them to continue his supply of food. .The Gueur, ia 1866, who stopped the Spanish Ambassador's message to Margaret, searched his dispatches, and obtained evidenco of Philip I.’a revenzeful plan, are not reprehended for the act. ‘The most important virtues in politics are, ac- cording to Mr. Lieber, justice and perseverance, or fortitude. By justice is meant the unswery- ing and ivcorraptible meting out of every one’s due. After justice and perseverance, modera- tion, and the subjects of excitement, passion, revenge, honesty, veracity, liberality, etc., a8 applied to political matters, are passedin review. To be ont of debt 1s, it seems to us, not the least of political virtues. What is said upon that subject is well worth quoting + Being in debt is very apt to hamper free action, to destroy the necessary frecdom of, judgment and buoy- ancy of mind, when the reactiustt a dort mele gee She miles ea net plesdet, feel dependent, ote OF 2D; {taiection Not fow statesmen havo born [¥o- which ther genius, or inmost and genuine bias of soul ‘point and AympatDy ted ont to them, solely because they were indebted, frat in « pecuniary way, ‘nd con sequently, by wo decency, to those wip sasisfed thas, ; Covetousness is ons of the greatest ‘ices of man asa political boing. What Mr. Lieber has to say on its effects 18, unfortunately, too true. Says he: So soon as covetourness becomes general in 5 civil~ ized nation; so son a¢ dishovesty is a pereral crime; ‘so coon ag public places are cantidered by common consent as fair oprortunities to enrich their holders, ‘widling to wink at cach other's embszziements ; 80 soon as parties cousider themselves, by {heir success, eu- titted to the spoils of the public,—eo goon there ‘is a deadly cancor in the vitals of that society, and hardly anything but severe changes and revolutions can sava it. Justice will be sold; bribes become common ; poblic opinion become vicious; veracity will be disre— garded ; patriotism be derided; every memory of Greatness or nobleness be disgraced ; oppression in Every degres kecome general; and the moral tone of Foclety at large, which must always remain the first spring from Which prosperity fows, will vanish. It were impossible to follow the writer of Po- litical Ethics through all be has to gay on the other virtues and vices of man ag a political ani- mal, We have said enough to givo the reader a geueral idea of the book, snd of its scope. We havo purposely abstained from eaying anything on the book on the State, treating, as that book does, of anibject only romotely concerned with the main topic.” We will cloze this review with a reference to Mr. Lieber'’s views on questiocs which have a little ivterest for the pablic at present,—the questions of parties and of tho opposition. At atime when, io this country, it is fashionable to decry party, it may be well to hear from se em- inent an authority as’ the author of * Political Exhies ” that there never was a free country without pacties. Nothing in the pbysical or moral world is to be obtained without a struggle, and a struggle always supposes two sides or parties to it, To the extent and degree thst there is room for combined and self-directing action ina Stute, parties will exist. But not only do parties oxist alwaya in a free State, it is desirable that they should exist. The wisest Measures arecarried ouly by parties. Parties prevent inexperienced innovators from harass- ing society. Politics! partiss Lieber divides into historical nnd passing ones. Historical parties aro those with their foundations in the Inatory of the country. Such are the Tories and Whigs in Eugiand, and, we might add, the Democratic and Republican iu this country. Passing par- ties are those formed for momentary pur- poses, or for displacing an Administration. A party worthy of the adheronco of s conscisntious citizen ought to be founded on largo and great principles. When a party has not euch a foundation, it becomes the sapporter or promoter of meanness, intrigues, and cabals. Lieber is of opinion that, in contests of great’ political importance, it is, with very few oxcep- tions, tho duty of every citizen to attach himself to and to act with come party. The exceptions ara when his conscience forbids him to act with either, or when he bas otherwise any specitic reasons for keeping aloof from bo:h. Of inde- pendents, Lieter obrerves that they are not un- froquentiy influenced by ill-judging vanity; re- fusing to acknowledge that due influence which the opinion of frionds, aud the aggregate opin- ion of that body of men whom one has reason to trust, should always exercigo over a rational man. An opposition party isa necessary elo- mont in the political life of a nation. Peace and order cannot co-exist with liberty where there is no well-understood opfosition. But there aro rulea which a citizen in the opposi- tion ought to govern bis conduct by. Among them are tiese: Tho moment that justico is sacrificed to party iuteroata, tbe party or individusl so sacritiang it becomes factions. A person among the opposition conscientiously may annoy the Administration as much as he thinks he can answer for, but should not harass tho public nor embarrass the public service. This is sound advice, as is indeed all, or very nearly all, that Mr. Lieber has to say on the po- litical duties of ‘the citizen. Statesmon, and those in private hfe who desire to discharge their obligations to their Municipality, State, or Na- tion, will find much wise couneel in ‘Political Ethics.” FY PEESONAL, The will of Capt. E. B. Wann is being fiercely contested. A Betlin circus horso sits at.table and eats lixe a human being, with kuifo and fork fastened to his two fore legs by straps, Eumazera InoRax, s midwife of Coventry, England, has been convicted of manslaughtor for conveying puerperal fever to her patients. Col. Duxzan, proprietor of the Ba.hesds Springs at Waukeshe, has started for an extend- ed tour in Euope, accompanied by his daughter. “In what character have you seen Bliss Bzavuont, the new contralto? asked one New Yorker of another. ‘ Why, Ihave seen her Azu- cena.” CunistIne Nrtsson will see by the betterment list of the Street Commissioners of Boston thet they want three thousand of her notes for im- proving Arch street. An aged lady of Fontainebleau left her phys:- cian an enormous oak chest asalegecy. On opening it he found ail the drugs and potions he bad given her during the past twenty years. Discernment—Yonng Jady (who has missed the “meet"): “Do you know where the hounds are, Rontns?” Old Keeper (compassionate) : “Yare just too Inte, Miss—the gentlemen ba all gone.”"—Punch, Wrr1aa Benner, of Chester County, Pa., sueg L. H, Hasroxp for libel, “Hasntoxp put up & notice on his gate forbidding Benner to en- ter, adding, ‘*Aa I have only four turkeys left.” Hence the libel. ‘The Count Lagranar has a race-horse {o En- gisod whose ieg was broxen some timo ago. Skill‘al surgery sot the limb so perfectly that the horae, P:caic, is in training for forthcoming races this season. Sir Jom: Lunzoox’s devotion to insects is touching. Why does he not improve his oppor- tunity by riding in the Archer-avenue aud late State-street carsin Chicazo? Here is a vast field of unexplored entomology. It Miss Reoran, daughter of Baron Coxcz s- sion Reuter, had an insignificant name, she changed it for one big enough by marrying Count AuBerr Maancs Osto SreENnvoH, Secre- tary of the Swedish and Norwegian Legation. The Hon, Isnazt Wasuvury, Jr., brother of all the Wasupuans, has boon tendered the Presidency of Tuft’s Colleze, Portland, Mo., the great Universalist oducationsl institution of the Eset. Hehastaken the matter under advise- ment. ‘The Prefect of Police at Tokeo, Japan, . has is- snedan order directing Europeans, when they meet the Mikado, to pop their hate under their foft arms, nnd straighten their right arm to the knee. If they have no hat, they must straighten both arms. Aone-cont morning paper will bo started in Now York on the 15th under the title of the Daily Telegraph. Tho editor will boMr. W.L. D. O’Gnany, who was st one time managing editor of the Express, Mr, A. H, Dowst1 is to be tho publisher. 3 Bishop Wrrrisonax, of Maryland, refuses to ‘give his consent to the consecration of Bishop Dupter, Assistant-Bishop of Kentucky, because he has beea twice married. He quotes the words of St, Paul that a Bishop must be ‘the husband of one wife.” Bovercauxy has commenced suit against Jom FP. Poote, proprietor of the Olympic Theatre, New York. for producing a so-called burleaque entitled “‘Shock-raun,” which ho alleges is iden- tical with his own “Shsughraun” in characters, plot, and incidents. The New York Witness, the Methodist, and California Christian Advocate declare that “ The shadow on the Temperance dial haa gone back forty yoara” because the New York Advocate has + inserted a recipe for making cider with remarks laudatory of that beverage.” N. Monure, a member of the Russian expedi- tion to Biber, bas made a tremendous discovery, and has communicsted it forthwith with great cireamstanco to the St, Setersburg Geographical Society. It is tna: the ‘North Pole is not an isolated point, but a tercitory of & certain ex tant" Aud he is galug to explore it, > _ OYSTERS. The Restaurants and Oyster- Saloons of Chicago. An Interesting Feature of Metropol- ifan Life and Commerce. Items and Features of the Business as Conducted at Varions First. ~ Ciass Establishments. It iss well-lmown and well-established fact, apparent tothe observation of all travelers, as Well as subject to demonstration by the atatistical mathematics of the commerce of tha world, that a larger capital anda larger system of industry is invested and exercised in tho common restau- rant method of subsistence in Chicago than in any other city of likg population in the United States, if not in “the whoie world; while all estimates of the proportion of population con- atituting the daily and habitual patronage of the several classes of public dining-rooms, res- taurants, oyeter-caloons, coffee-rooms, etc., in- dicate tnice the percentage in Chicago of that of St. Louis, Cincinnati, or Boston, or any other city on the American continent with tho excep- tion ot New York City. And whilo the spiondid hotel system that has been coveloped since the fire has contributed so much to the fame of the city, it ought also to. baa matter of reflection that only an unusual and very high order of intelli. gence and of enterprise couid have brought the gencial restaurant system of Chicago to the perfection which now characterizes it, The importance and the magnitude of this branch of our metropolitan business becomes interesting when it is remembered that the Investment and profits represented in it now aggregate from $5,000,000 to $10, uti0,000 per annum, supported by a daily petrouage of not logs than 60,000, and involving in various forms tho industry of 5,000 persons, A large percentage of this vast patronage is, of course, absorbed by the first-class establishments in snd about the buainess-centre of the city,—the Tivoli, Thompson's, Burke's, Brevoort, Chupin & Gore's, Wright's Palmer House Restauraut,otc.,—though the business is perbaps affected as hitlo by the principle cf monopoly as any other depa:tment of trade. During the winter sexson, oysters, of couise, constitute a leading ‘feature in most restaurants, coffee-houses, etc., though there is no single estaulishment 1a the city where they constizute the exclusive bill of tare. _ | THE TIVOLI. ‘The restaurant and Inach departments of the now famous Tivol: Garden furnish some very in- terestiog items, the necessitios arising from a daily attendance of some 2,000 guests requiring the systematic manipulation of all tho varied branches and departments included in this pub- lic ana popular mode of subsistence, and afford- ing an ample represeniation of every form and featura of modern cooking and of every itom in the modern bill of fare, ard thus giving a com- partively intelligible measure and expression of popular demand. ‘he opening of tho Tivoli last summer, it will be remembered, was a sort of historic incident in our local annals, tho point aud purpoge of the costly enterprise being to render the privileges and hygienic beue- fite of lager-beor available to ladies, children, and to sotigty in general, by the inauguration of a great public garden, and its management and conduct under a morale and disciplina that would guarantee the decorum, the propriety, and social protection of the domestic circle, and in this way to remove from that ancicnt and indispensa- blo beverage ‘the rade associatiozs of a common beer-hall. The almost instantaneous burst ct favor and popularity which —aitonded that novel and original enterprise ig also familiar to common recollection. In less than a month from date of mauguration and ex- penmens the Tivoli bad becomo the most poru- lous general resort ever established on the conti- nout, the representatives of both sexes, and from all walks of life, being by teus of thousands, and the consumption of boer continuing throughout the scazon at the rate of Gv,000 glasses a day. ‘Tha culinary department, however, constituted at first but a subordinate accommodation, and consisted of a lunca-stand only, and the development. of the restaurant fea- ture of the ‘fivoli has boon simply in exact correspondence with the uatural increase of patronage, until, aiithe present time, it has be- come the regular snd permazent dining resort of fiom 1,200 to 1,5U0 of the central mercantile population of the city, in addition to'a iaige pat Tooage of Indies, families, and privata partics. Figures indicate thas oysters constitute some- what the largest item in the restanrant depart- ment of the Tivoli, six cooks snd a large aystem of special ranges being re- quired to manipulate tais single fea- ture or the business, aggregating a steady daily consumption of fifty gatlous of eelect aad Standard bulk oygters, ig addition to a daily average of 1,500 of the New York Counts anu four barrels of shell oysters., The general taoles are supplied from an elaborate bill of faro that includes every item known to the modern Inteben, a toree of between thirty and forty waiters being required in tais department, There ean be no question but that the splendid morsie, the polite but rigid discipline, and the intelligent management of tae Tivoli have done much to rendor it the most successful enterpriso of tho kind ever inaugurated in'the country. CHAPIN & GORE’S. One of the representative and characteristic institutions of the city, that represents some in- teresting and special features in general restau- rant accommodations, aside from 9 great whole- sale traffic in imported wines, liquors, and ci- gars, and the enormous patronage of s famous bar, is Chapin & Gore’s merchants’ lunch de- partment of their central establishment, Nos. 73 and 75 Monroe street, the branch stores being located at 142 Twenty-second street, aud at 121 Clark street. Tbo merchants’ lunch bas for years past been an accommodation and a con- venience to the populous businessneighborkood of which this establishment is the contre, tbe growth of this department of their patronage baving recently necessitated a considaraole enlargement of their kitchen facilities, including new Fronch ranges, steam appliances, etc., and the acccesion to their service of two thoroughly educated French coots from Delmonico’s in New York, affording them the amplest and most elaborate arrangements for the perfection of their popular and special system of hot and cold lunctes, in- cluding the finest ealade, sandwiches, fancy hot side dishes, patties and pastry, and everything known tothe high artof French cookery,— salads and cold meats constituting a conspicnous * item ia the bul of fare. . ‘Another characteristic feature of the restaq- rant or lunch departmeut is, tbAt, in the item of oysters, none but the finest .brands of shell oysters are ever used. In the item of liquors, Mesars. Chapin & Gore are known 2s large deslera in pore sour mash whiskies, and as very largo importers and dealers in French wines, Scotch and English ales, cigars, ete., importing ail their own goods. The firm are said to supply with their champagnos all the leading hote!s of the city, in addition toa vast outside custom, their purchases being of such maguitude as to enable them to save to tho or- divary purchaser the material item of freight. Their sales of champerns during the past seazon are estimated at 15,000 casea, the bulk of the buiness of the house, however, being in Chapin & Gore's colebrated brand of ‘pure sour mash whiskies, which have found .9 marset and no iuconsiderable demand as far west as the Pacific coast, as far south as Havana; and even in Paris sud others of the cities of the Old World. The stock of sour mash whiskes usually carried by the firm aggregates sbont 300,000, the custom of the firm being to par- chase about 1,530 barrels evory wioter, s-stock which is kept in inviolable retirement for fail three years before being’sdmitted to use. It is the repoted unadulterated quality,—tbe absolute chemical purity of this brand of whisky,—bring- ing to it the commercial advantage of general popular confidence, that hag gradually devol- oped this enormous wholesale trafic and so- cored its introdostion into distant markets. Tho besdquarters of the retail traffic ie at the geveral establishments of Messrs. Chapin & Gore, the patronage of the Monroe atreet bar alone being numerically estimated at an aggre- gate of 4,009 persons daily. THOMSON’S 8. H. Thomson’s dining-rooms, or Indies’ and gentlemen’s restaurant, No. 61 South Clark atres:, ia, with perhaps one exception, the only great popular dining establishment enjoying & large and permanent patronage of the best clsea, where the items of wines, ales, and liquors ere rigidly exvluded trom the tible. Me. Thomson has been Imown to the down-town mercantile Population as a leading restaurant proprietor for upwards of nincteon years, the dining-rooms condueted by himon Dearborn street for four- teen years bafore the fire having been during that long periad the permanent: resort of multi- tudea of the business-men of the city. The seat- ing capacity at Thomson's, though very large, is always ia fall requisition at meal hours, about One-third tho- patronage being composed of ladies. The dining-halls are elaborately and tastefully embellished, and are among the finest inthe country. ‘The bill of fare is always a fuil aud exhaustive list, usually comprising. over 260 diahes, A force’ ot fiftz-two servants .aud Waiters are requised to mauipulate the business of the restaurant. A PALACE ON THE WEST SIDE. The people of the West Side have bad oc- casion recently to set up considerable rejoic- ing over the opening by the Messrs. La Berge Brothers, :at No. 193 West Madison Street, of 8 moderu style palace restaurant, bar‘ suppet-rooms, and sleeping apartments, similar in etyle of decoration, fixtures, and furnitare, as well ag in class and character of accommoda- tions, to the luxurious South Side institution lately known as Brown's. In architectural taste and beauty, and in the costly elegance that char- acterizes the entire cquipment of the house, this new estalgisbmént is entitled to mention as among:the genuine attractions of the city, ana especially as constituting a new and important accession to therestanrant, supper, andclub-room. accommodations of the West Sido. Messre. La Derge Brothera have been occupants of the samo stand during the past eight years, uutil tue ‘evant of tearing down thy former framo struc- ture, and the erection by them of the s:ately and beautiful four-stury, stone-front edifice now opened tothe public. ‘The first floor is occupied by tho bar and ‘restaurant, desigaed im the Gothie styte of architecture, beariug a general -@xpreseion of artistic taste and costly elegance,— the barroom counter, ice-boxes, ‘and mirror alono, which were designed by oue of the lead- iug architects of tho city, being constructed at au outlay equal to the coat of half-a-dozen com- fortable private dwetlngs. The secund ond tuird floors are provided with a series of mag- nificent dining and supper rooms for the ac- commodation, in the most luxurious modern fashion. of-private parties, cluks, etc. Tho re- mainder of the house is appropriated to comfort- able and clegautly furnished sleeping apart- ents, WRIGHT'S. Among the popular institutions of tho city natorally and specially entitled to mention.ia Such aconnection as the present; is Wright's restaurant and fine conicctiouery in the Palmer House Suilding, entrance 171 and 173 Wabasb avenno, Mr. Wright is perhaps the oldest pro- prietor, in this apecial line, at present conduct- ing business in the city, having been known to the people of Chicneo asa first-class caterer during a period of over twenty-one years. ‘The xestaurant department at this establishment in- gludes a compiete acd elaborate hotel bill-of fere, with a culinary and cooking system equal to that of the most famous kitchens of Amer:ca orEurope, a prominent feature of the busi- nesa,jhowever, being to accommodate a large patronage coring mainly from the fashionable and old resident population with whom he has maintained steady business relations ever since Chicago was a good sized town, with sapper and wedding feasts, church funches, cte. The fine pastiy and confectionery department at Wright’s is ead to be unexcelled by any establishment in the country. : The ¢ Empire? ‘The Empire Fire Insurance Company has at last, after a proper degree of moderation, suc- ceed3a in accepting a sufficient amount of se- eurities upcn which to Joan the amount of its capital stock, to enable it tocomply with the general law of the State, ita business horetofore having been conducted by virtue of a special charter. . We notice its last statement shows & capital stock of $186,500, with a surplus of $14,500, making the total assets $201,000. It is gratify- ing to see the Company advance its capital to and beyond the requirements of the Gen- eral Illinois Insurance aw, and it is hoped and expected to see it com- mand’ the business to which its thus far conser- vative course aud general reputation entitle it. In fact, it seems from the January statement, it is already working its way into public favor,’ in which 1 is materially strengcnoned by the addi- tion of the name of N.8. Boi Directorato. Ansurance. In the general lull that bas succeeded the long excitement ia insurance matters, littlo hag trans- pired of late of any general interest, and the an- nouncement of the entranco of spew first-class company into the Chicago field,—the Standard Fire, of Trenton, N. J.,—is about as much a3 can be given in the way of news. The Standard is an old Company, enjoying the confidence and tho patronage of ail classes throughout New Jer- sey, the most responsible business men of the Stute being represented in the Board of officers and Directors. Tho Chicago ageut, Mr. H. J. Strait, 161 LaSalle s:reet, bas been favorabiy kuown in insurance circles during a period of many yeara. _——— ira Brown. A host of personal frionds.and scquaintances will be pleesed to receive the announcement tbat Ira Brown, Esq., somewhat famous ia the busi- ness annals of the city as an extensive, success- ful, and very poputar operasor in auburban real eszate, 18 now rapidly recovering from the attack of typhoid fever with which he has been confined to his bed during the past seven weoks. To ac- celerate the process of recovery. under the ad- vice of his physician, Mr. Browa left the cit Wednesday evening fora trip to Jacksonvill Fis., for a brief sojourn in that comfortable at- mosphere and climate, The business of his ollice will be properly attended to by his agents dariog his absence. When tho liver fai's to act, nnd you are hilicus and out of eozts, uso Dr. Jayne’s Sanstive Pills, to bring about a heathy action of the liver, and remove all distressing symptoms, SHOW CASES. Low — Prices mv Until my removal (Mazo' 1, 1875.) to new wartore, N. EB. cor, Stato and Handclph-sts. Lil sell from my larze stock of Fancy and edium low Cuses irices that must ine + ; “Er ANDERSO. sure quici: saics. ~ q 2 Bienufacturer, §2 State-st, DISSOLUTION NOTICES. DISSOLUTION. ‘rhe tem of Alten. & Bartlets rials day disoel 40 peel goeeat oy, date Allen rey wn haem sin ergy fe paging cia = AMES ALLEN, MURBAY «. BARTLETT. The ines tiaued by the remaining part— Shure. Bartle aif to isl West Van Buren ax heroofdro, wh wil} onilect ail the assets and pay pain ™ O/MURRAY A. BARTLBTT, Alles, of the lato firm of Aen & Bartlett, will coats Alek ete af Baulding and Coutrectings and, pal mail is completed, can be found at Kour & No, 123 Dearborn-st. JAMBS ALLEN. 185, ved by aton, Esq., to its | FIRE INSURAN OF IN. Y. CHARTERED .........20¢002-1850. CASH ASSETS $1,500,000. Invested nS. Bas, 800,000, LOSSES PAID, $4,250,000, Term Risks in the LATE Underwriters Agency (com- posed of Hanover, Germania, Republic, and Niagara Ins, 0o’s of N, Y,), may be -RE: WRITTEN IN THE “NIAG- ARA,” at expiration, and we will be pleased to issue poli- cies in lieu, DAVIS & REQUA, AGENTS, 153 LaSalle-st., CHICAGO, ILL. S GROCERIES. GROCERIES! Buy Your Family Supplies at SLACK’S HANROTH CROCERY HOUSE 109 East Madison-st., Botweon Clark and Dearborn-sts. Save from 10 to 30 Per Cent, and get Standard Goods, Fresh A:rival of Fine Flavored New Chop TEAS! At the following LOW PRICES; Panene oS tS GklROG Py 8h Ganpewiee oS” ORL RE BEG Eoulist Beenkrast 2 = Se, Bue. BL, ESO CUFFEES. Hie, . On Taras 0.0! Jara roasted. O.G. Java, groun Standard A Coffoo Sugar, per D. . Grannlaced Sagar, per DD. Maple Sagar, per iD... Rates Uoldee, ta Saal a xtra Golden, . Kegs, per wi New Zaute Carrant New Valeacia Rateins, inter Cheice st. fon'e Wale Dee bet. be ens COs weight 5-Ib cansy.... Short-weicht, 1-Ib can: Kevai lauiug Powder, pee cna : Woyal Raking Powder: ia ‘bail. Ales, Wi Liquors, Imported and Clear Havana Ci. gars, and s fall, now, complete, and well-salected stock of STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIE: ‘Of avery description, st prices that defy competition. Satisfaction guaranteed in every instance. deliverod to 23 Country orders sxretaly ind pomp tended a C.Et. SsLACHE ‘WHOLESALE AND RETAIL GROGHE, 109 East Madison-st. 7 tho best, go to OLY IR 18 West Van leranse” ce Beanes det tablishbment, 135 Arcbor-av, Quality bole ‘or moaey rafunded. co W ntor Extfa Unamphy ‘Winco Winter Best Bolle of Se, Loui fe Winter Choice Garden Bai ess Inest Minncwora.,. Bellvored tree. Order 3 wall 6. 0-D: + DISSOLUTION. 81 heretofore existing between Ezekisl he aSE a carer manors Seer inh uate esta ds mite Scoounte of said Smith and a "EZEKIEL SMITH, Obioage, Feb. 6, 1835. ett saica E. Smith & Oo. will continue said business,and respect- fully sollelt the conri2ued pauronsge of tacie treads aad lic gos (Offica aad ano, TM anc 134: pp aie om MITES EDUCATIONAL. UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME ‘The SIXTY-SECOND SKBSION of this Institution febraary next. Ist “Reel SS Se 5. Ong Disae, Tad. CLOTHING. ist Week Of February, 1875, we received 8,800 pairs of Gentlemen’s Trow-~ sers, of new and tasty patterns. Don’t you KNEED 8 new pair of Pants? BOSTON SQUARE-DEALING CLOTHING, Comer Olark and Madison-sty