Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 29, 1875, Page 4

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, JANUARY 29, 18765. a rn TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE, 1 BATE OF AURKCRIFTION (PATARLE 1X ADVANCE), Poatnge Mrepald nt this One Pal r by mal . Pi Week; a Partaof a year at thoname rate. To prevent delny and mistaker, be sure and give Post. ‘Oftico addross in fall, incinding State and County, Lemittances may bamade citherhy dratt, express, Post- Ofice order, or In registered letters, gtour risk. TERMB TO CITY BUMACKIBENG, Dally, delirered, Sunday creepted, 2i) conts per weeks Daily, colivered, Buncay included, BO cants por week Addrees THE TRIBU MPANY, Corner Madieon and Dearhurt Chtoage, HL. GRAND, OPERA-MUUSK—Clark | street, Rierman Tore, Kelly & Leon's Minstrels. Crimsun Scarf." ite belt) HOOLEY'S TURATRE—Randotph atreot, between Clark and LaSalle. ** Magnolia.” OnTOAgN MU! bornand State, * Monron street, betweon Dear- "a Cabin," MVICKER'S THEAT! Drarbern aud Btate, Opera-Troupe, ‘* Lobongrin." adieon strest, hotwarn ment of the Strakosol: AMY OF MUSIC—IInlated streat, between Mad~ AOAR Knee, “Kngegentent of Birs-"-Agnos Booth, ™ Lady of Lyons.” an IEATRI—Dearhorn atreot, corner Mon- yt aio ntertalamnent Mi The Bled of tho Cloth ef Gold.” METHODIST CHURCH HATL—Clark straot, corner Warhington, lecture by the Won. Bimon Walt, Sub- che the Intlnancs ‘of tho Jows on tho Progress of the rorld” SOCIETY MEETINGS. ORIPNTAL LODGE, No. 3, A. TF. & A. M.—Snectal nutengon fne Fedag) ave at hal, WS Ea: Tis o'clock, inthe &. C. Vey , fe OF i Rolie, OF MO OMENS DOK EIt, Seo'r. DFARRORN LODO, a0, A. F. £ A. Mo Tegue 0 Heaton will ba held in’ Masonic Hall, 74 Mon- Feet GBuldas) onwntna., Wark on a. S1, Degree, ‘he featornity cordially int! Sonavsid Webb: INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. TIIND PAGE—City Real Es Toarding and Lotging, Musical, Harger and Carriages, ete,, ote. TH PAGH — Atuusctents, Legal, tate, Wants. To Renta, ‘Medical Che Chicana Tribune. ‘Business Ohancos, } Jonuary 29, 1875, Friday Morning, Mr. Truron was called to testify in tho Brnonen cese yesterday, but counsel objected, and there was along argument. Mr, Evanrs contended that plaintiff could not appear on bis own behalf, and Gen, Pryon that ho could. Probably the arguments on the point will consume a great part of to-day, Mr, Toss Mgnnitt, the Democratic leader in the House at Springfield, was surprised to find yesterday that a threat of adjourning tho Legislature didn't scaro the Republicans at all. They aro quite willing to go to tho country on the record Mr, Spenker Hares and his party bave made thus far, On re- flection, Mennxrr decided that he’d better not. At tho renmion of Presbyterian pastors last night regret was expressed on account of the absence of Prof, Swixc, who was said to bo filling an engagement to preach at Wicker Park, Tho Professor, as a matter of fact, addressed the meeting held at the Sherman House in behalf of the Public Library. Per- haps he did't want to reunite, Speaker Harves would not be so provoking tf he had only the sens» to bo ashamed of himself occasionally—that is, if he had lucid intervals, Ibis tho inflated self-sufficiency” of the man which annoys decent people everywhere, Tho mistake of electing him to no responsible a position is now gonerally admitted, Ho wasted part of another day in tho THouso yesterday by characteristic blun- dering in the Chair. The Senate of Minnesota is about to in- quire through o resolution what business Senator Ramsrx has in St, Paul at this time. Tho goneral impression seems to be that duty and interest alike call him to Washing- ton. Itis coming to bo an unpardonable of- fense for a ropresentative in Congress to Ko- licit election to the Senate in person; and wore glad that it is so. Mr, Cranpren's defont is ettributed by good judges to his presenco in Lansing during the contest, and Mr. Rausty’s may be ascribed by the future historian to the samo cause, Senator Coxxxixa's specch on tho Louisi- ano question yesterday was quite worthy of his roputation as a clear thinker and forcible speaker, ‘Tho key-noteof it was the statement thatthe titleof Kzx1occ tothe oficeof Govorn- or had nothing to do with a discussion of tho alleged military usurpation a few weoks ago, He did not appear for Kertooa, but ho did stand by the President and Gen, Surnman, An abstract of the speech furnished by tho press dispatches will be found in the rogular record of Congrossionnl proceedings. The meoting of citizens last night to pre- pare a memorial to Congrosa urging the establishment of a mint in this city was quite well attended pnd enthusiastic onongh for tho occasion. It will be romembored that the President, in bis recent special mes- sage on the finances, advised the building of amint cithor at Chicago or St, Louis, and mentioned Chicago first, as being the most desirable location. Tho cost of transporting oro to the seaboard nnd coin to the intorior would, in a fow years after the resumption of apeclo payments, exceed the exponses of a mint, Gen. Tracr, of the counaol for Mr. Bzxcrmn, was at one time an adviser of Moon. on and Tirton. Words spoken by him iu tho early days of the scandal ara returning to plaguo him now. For instanco, Mr. Woop. aur, Mr. Movuron’s partner, testified yester- day that Tracy, several months ago, thought tho caso was one to justify Mr. Mouztox in lying. And it appears that Movxtox lied, Movirox seoms to havo beon a very accom. modating fellow in this respect, Ho lied right and left whenover he was asked, and sometimes spontaneously from inertia, The Chicago produce markets were gen- erally stronger in tone yesterday, with a fair business doing. Mess pork was active, and 150 per bri highor, closing at #18,00 eash and $19.40 for March. Lard wos more activo and 10@12 1-20 per 100 tbs higher, closing easier, at 819,82 1-20 cash and $18.52 1-2@13,c5 for March, Meats were in good demand and 1-80 per Ib higher, at 68-80 for shoulders,.) 3-80 for short ribs, and 98-40 for short clears, Droased hogs were modorately active and o shade firmer, closing at $7.20@7.00. High. wines wore quict and steady, at O40 per gal- lon. Pour was quiet and unchanged. Wheat ‘was dull and steady, closing at 83 1-40 cash and 89 1-20 for March, Corn was more act. ive and 1-1@1-¥c higher, closing at 649-40 cash aud 72 3-80 for May, Oats were in fair demand and 1-80 higher, closing at 62 3-40 cosh and 52 8-40 for March, Rye was quiet aud firmer, at 00@070, Barloy was in botter demand and 1-2¢ higher, closing at $1.23@ 1.25 2-2¢ for February, Hogs were active aud firmer at Wednesday's pricea, Cattle were duil end unchanged. Sheep were more quiet and easier. eet Some of the Presbyterian lenders in this city, representing the two factions formed hy the Swixe trial. had a pretty little meoting Inst night, the object of which was to express sympathy and promise support. to the /nie- ior. Tho New School people have Intely heen allowed an interest in the Jn terior, Mx. 0, , Tuesrson having been appointed ono of tho editors; and both sides are, for the moment, satisfied with the new adjustment of power, But since the ultimate appeal in caso of a disagrec- ment between the New School and Old School editor lics to Mr. McConstuck, whose pre- dilections aro towards the antique, the sub- stantial fruits of victory are really in tho hands of the Patron party. The Democratic membery of tha Lower House of Congress may perhaps find, when they return to their coustituents, that plain peoplo are slow to perccive the patriotism of filibustering, ‘Tho time that has been wasted by tho insensate opposition to the Civil- Rights bill has to be paid for, and roundly too, out of the public purse, The assump. tion of the Democrats that they are of course right and tho Republicans wrong is sheer im- pertinence. The Republican majority was elected to transact the business of the coun- try, and it will bo held rigidly accountable to the people for avy errors it may comimit. But the Democrats alone will have to auswer for obstructing legislation fruitlessly and foolishly, Representative merchnnts aud professional men of Chicago met at the Sherman Touse last night to consider the wants of the Prblic Library and devise menus of supplying them, Committces wera appointed to solicit sub- scriptions of tho various business interests, We hope there will be o generous re- sponse to tho demands that will soon be mado in necordance with thisarrangement,'and that enough money will ‘bo obtained to supply the necessities of the Library till an appropriation can be made by tho Common Council. Next year, wo hope, realizing sense of their own deficiencies and those of the people will induco the majority in the Council to provide more liberally for the Library than they have in years past. Tho word ‘' Federal” belongs to State Sov- ercigaty nomenclature, It rings through the speeches of Carnoun ond Harne. It came into goncral use at the outbreak of the Re- bellion, It convoys the idea of a leaguo or confederation of States. Tho Cincinnati Gazette calls attention to tho significant fact that the word nowhere occurs in the Consti- tution, Thal instrument speaks of ‘the officers of the United States,” ‘‘the Inws of tho United States,” “the army aud navy of the United States,” “the judidal power of the United States,” andso on, ‘Tho Consti- tution contains no superfluous words, It would have beon shorter to have snid ‘‘ tho Federal officers,” ‘tho Federal laws,” ete, But the word expressed the wrong idea, and tho framers of the Constitution, therefore, rejected it. It does not appear in any of the early State papers, It should appear in none now. A bill has been introduced in the Michigan Touso of Representatives which is in some respocts original and valuable. Its purpose is to tax and regulate the salo of liquors. It pro- poses to classify dealers, and license ench class separately, discriminating in favor of dealers in malt-liquora. Tho funds derived from li- cense-fees aro to bo paid into the State-Trens- ury, and thence distributed pro rata for tho support of the poor in ench county. Bonds are to be required of dealers something in the manner ‘and under the conditions pre- uevibed by tho Avamlaw. Tho bill, if adopt- ed, will ba avery stringent and almost op- pressive law. ‘Cho liquor-dealers will find it asmall concession from outright prohibition, In so far, howover, as it is reportedin our dispatches, it is ono of the bost Liquor-laws that las been offered in the West of late yenrs ; and with some small modifications it is worthy of a trial, Now comes the County Clerk, Gen. Len, and removes Gen, Nixzs, tho Scerctary ap- pointed by the Board of County Commis+ sioners, A majority of the County Commis. sioners have applied to Lien to restore Nixes, but the County Clerk refuses to do 60, Hero is another caso of municipal war, Tho Coun- ty Clerk and the County Commissioners cross swords, The Commissioners want to select their own Secretary, but Lren declares that by law he fa responsible, and will appoint a mun for that duty himself. As a matter of law, there is no donbt that Gen, Lien is right. But the Commissioners have tho power to regulate tho salaries of all tho om. ployes of the County Clerk, and to cut down the expenditures of that office to such sum ns they please, Lren has the law on his side and the Commissioners have the purse. Tho County Clerk cannot run his office without money, ‘The chances are that on exciting contest will grow out of this which may have the effect of further disrupting tho “ unholy alliance” called “People's Party,” whioh is already sadly demoralized and torn by fac. tions, ‘The Now York T'ridune enlls attention to the presont unprecedented drain of gold from this country to Europe, and thinks a “ gold famino” is impending, ‘Tho drain is now in its third month, ond has taken noarly $20,- 090,000 in gold coin and bullion, or about two-thirds of the annual gold production of the country. ‘The commercial supply, a9 will boseen from the following statement, is much emallor than it hos beon for many yoars + Week endet ‘35, 169, f Awount, z £28,8 2, Tan, 25, 1573, A, 1871 Tho cause of tho drain ix fonnd in the im- portation of securitics, mainly United States bonds, the prices of which are higher now in this country than they have beon at any time sinco the end of the War. As capitalists find 4 difficulty in securing good investments, ond bonds are always good aud safo, the loanablo capital has turnod towards thom, and, os the bonds have to be imported from Europe, the exohange is against us. The cross-examination of Mr, Movzton is atlastover, During cleven days, five onda half hours each dey, this witness has sat in his chair expozed to the most sifting, rigor- ous, sud inquisitorial crog#-examination that alz of the ablest lawyers of New York could bring to bear upon him, who came into Court with 4,000 written questions prepared before: hand, and added to them constantly, Thess questions turned Inrgely upon dates, and places, and chronetogient order of oveuts, where the human meiory is always weakest. In addition to this searching and volum- inous interrogation, which was of tho mast oxasperaling chnvacter at times, he was exposed to tho united wit, scorn, and sarensm of these sble Inwyers and the in- timidation of the seowling and sneering mass of spectators, Notwithstanding all this, which would have broken down any man of ordinary mold, he maintained his equanimity and story so completely that, when tho redi- reet examination wasmada, it was only neces- sary to ask half a dozen questions. No mau, but ono of this stamp of iron will and a com. plete master of himself, could have played tho dificult part of‘ mutual friend” and kept the scandal from the public, and baffled tha busybodics and the prying gossips for three long years. THE LEGISLATIVE RESOLUTIONS, The House of Representatives at Spring- field devoted the whole of Wednesday last to forcing s voto upon a series of rosolutions directly and indirectly referring to Louini- ana affairs, The suthorship of these rosolu- tious is attributed to Mr. Speaker Hatnes ; whether this be true or not, tho conrse of the Speaker during the proceedings was of such nn outrageous character as to leave no doubt of a malignant partisanship on his part wholly unbecoming tho offica he holds but does not fill, Lhe resolutions were proposed nnd read, and then debate was refused by tho gag-rale of the previons question. Tho minority of the House was not only refused a hearing and an expla- nation, but were denied the right to make the parliamentary motion to lay tha resolutions on the table. Spenker Hates carried things with a high hand, and inn disorderly Houso wns tho most active ond offensive in his disorder. Tho Bourbons had not only xgreed upon tho resolutions, but had ngreed to force their passage without do- bate and without an opportunity to amond or explain. ‘This was the’ more scandalous be- cause several of the resolutions themselves were so speciously prepared that they could not bo yoted for nor voted agninst without misconstruction. The first resolution, which, taken by itself, is the declaration of n uni- versal sentiment, and therefore unobjec- tionable, was forced toa vote without per- mitting an explanation, and was adopted— yeas, 182; nays, 7. It reads ns follows: Resolved, By tha Honeo of Reprocontatives of the Stuto of Iiincix, the Senate concurring herein : Firat that we protest against the interfercuce by Pederal authority, or its civil or military officers, with the local alfdire of a State, oxcent in the manner prescribed by the Constinttion of the United States, and for tho cansus therein named. The second resolution was algo an abstract proposition, but its application was so evi- dent and its inferences so false that wo aug. gest that even the Domocrats and Independ- ents will oventually feel ashamed of their votes for it. The resolution reads as fol- lows: Resotved, That we regard the growth of military influence ‘within the United States aa fraught. with danger, and especially that o military ofticer should asaume to dictate to Congress the laws to he passed, or to the President thu measures to be adopted, and wa denounce the recounmendations of any officer of the army that Congress or the President should violate the Constitutton and the laws {n order to please any portion of tho poople of the United States within tho control of the Inilitary, Here we have a clear case of the sup- pression of the truth and the suggestion of falschood. Tho growth of military influence within the United Stateg has not been very wonderful. The first healer of tho military was in the days of Jonn Apams, who appointed ex-President Wasutnaton Gen- eralissimo of the artaies that wore to invade “Sovereign States,” ond suppress violenco thorein, Another occasion was in President Prence’s day, when he sent troops to Boston, and ordered tho employment of the marincs at Charlestown Navy-Yard to take possession of a Court-House in Boston, protect the Com- missioner then investigating a fugitive-slave caso, and to execute the order of that Com- missioner and to disregard the authority of the State Government, including its judicial powers, A few yenrs later, President Bucnanan, by military force, dispersed a Leg- islature in Kansnsat tho point of the bayonet. Despite these instances, covering half ao century, the growth of military inter- ferenco was insignificant until 1861, when certain “ Sovereign States ” mado war upon the nation, and armies were employ. ed to ‘resist and overcome the insurrection- ary and rebel forces. Assoon as theso people abandoned the war and Inid down their arms, the national army was disbanded, tho greater part of the navy was sold st public auction, andthe military establishment reduced to a very low standard, even for peace, The army hos sinco becn employed in fighting the Indians, oxcept when occasionally a small force has been withdrawn temporarily to sup- press domestic violence in those districts where tho Rebellion of 1861-5 raged, and whero there has been chronic difficulty with nportion of the people in sottling down to the changed condition of affairs, hero is no pretense that troops have beon sent to Louisiana, since that State has had a State Government, ‘' oxcopt in tho manner prescribed by the Constitution of the United States, and for the causes therein named.” If tho interforence of the General Government in the mannor proscribed by the Constitution has beon more frequent since the Rebellion than evor before, it merely proves that tho oc- ecasions for such interforonco named in the Constitution havo boen more numerous among those persons residing in those dis. tricta, While wo havo not heard of any person who seriously approved the change of laws suggested by Gen. Suenman in his dispatch, ‘we have geen no evidence of any attempt on his part to dictate to Congress on the subject, or any recommondation on his part that tho laws should be violated, What he asked was tho authority of law, not orders to violate law. We fail, also, to see any heinous crime, calling for the denunciation of the Legislature of Ilinois, in an officer of the army or of any civilian or citizen offering his opinions or suggestions by way of petition, or lotter, word of mouth, or in any other form, to Con- gress or to the President upon any question of poblis policy, Todo this is 9 right seour- ed to every individual, and one which tho American peoplo will never surrender, Against the false assumptions of this reso. lution tho Republicans did right in giving their united vote, and the Independents should feel ashamed to be found with tho Bourbons on that question, Tho third resolution is an abstraction, sound in itsolf, and, taken in connection with the other resolutions, cau havo no applica: tion save os o condemnation of the Demo- eratio coup d’ etat revolution at New Orleans in September, and the Democratic revolution attempted by Witz aud his associates on Jan, 4, in seizing possession of tho legislative hall. It reads thus; Hesoleed, That, while we declare it to bo the right of ail citizens of the United Statoa to be protected iu thelr Mberttes, thelr property, and their rights under the Gon: tution, we condemn all revolutionary actions or Jawlaaa Orgeuiseiions azncna the people of any Biste as dangerous to fron ineitutions, andin opposition to politival and eoclat order, ‘Pho fourth and last of tho resolutions dis- plays tho reckless disregard of truth which is proverbial among converts snd npostates, Mr. Haisrs’ Democracy is of recent growth, Nence his zeal rans away with his roxpect for veracily. ‘Tho Constitution and laws compel the Procigont, in caso of insurrection or re- bollion in a State, to aid tha Clovernment thereof. ‘There were two Governments elaiming authority in Louisiana, Ife had to recazuizo one or the other, and to support that one until Congress should otherwise de- termine, By so doing he passed npon no question involved in the contested cloction, Ho recognized a de fatto Government, and at the samo time informed Congress thint the. whole election in that State in 1872, under which both parties claimed, wasn gigantic fraud.” Still, the duty of tho President was tha aname, and that was to put troops there to suppress violenee and prevent war. ‘I'lte assumption that tho Pros- ident permitted tho military to interfere with the organization of the Legislature of Louisi- ang is wholly scandalous iu view of the fact that the President was not aware of attch in- terferenco, nor of any intention to use the military for such purpose, until he rend the report of the occurrences the day efter, and, in his messnge to Congresa, tho President ex- pressly gad distinctly disavows the uso of troops for sucha purposo except in tho ex- tremo enso of war. If the Indopendonts who united with tho Democrnts in adopting these resolutions can foree their constituents into indorsing these falschoods, it must bo assumed that they have been swallowed wholly by the Bourbon party, THE BOURBON FILIBUSTERS. Tho desperate opposition of the Bourbon niirority in the Wouse of Representatives in Washingion to the Civil-Rights bill isn pieco of partisan factiousness unworthy of public legislators, Either the Civil-Rights bill is right or itis wrong, If it is right, it should bo passed, and tho opposition to it is against the interesta of the public welfare. If it is thonght to bo wrong by the minority, the attempt to defent it by resorting to tho desperate menns of n contest of physical en- durance and hunger is none tho less repre- hensible, If the bill, in their opinion, is wrong, Democrats should make their protest against it. hoy should record their votes ugainst it, and offer what amendmentsthey can, and then they can safely go before the coun- try with tho certainty that they will be sus- tained. If tho bill proves to be an injury ine stead of n benefit, their skirts, at lenst, will bo clear, their record will bo justified, and the responsibility fastened upon the Repub- licans, This is the courso which would bo pursned by any other than a narrow, vicious, partisan faction, The rancor of the opposition shows that the Democrats know that tho bill is right, and that, if it were passed, it would be sustained and indorsed by tho people of the United States, Their opposition to it is not based upon auy wrong, injustice, or danger growing out of the bill, but results from their malignant hatred of the colored race, They know that the bill would be popular. ‘They know that it is not only in secordanco with the amendments of the Constitution, but of right and justice. They fear that, if passed, it will strengthen tho Republican party. In this view of the case their course in all tho more flagrant and outrageous, and not only this, but inconsistent with their own utterances. In ordor to catch Republican yotes in 1872, they put a plank in tho Domo- cratic National platform with which their present nction is in striking opposition. That plank reads thus : Wo recognizo the equality of all men bofore the law, and hold that {t {8 the duty of the Government, in ite dealings with the people, to mete aut equal and oxact Justice to ull, of whatever nativity, race, color, or por= sussion, rollglons or political, The Democrats have now to remember that, if they succeed in staving off a vote upon tho bill, they have 500,000 white Republicans to answer to, who yoted with them last fall and gavo them their victory. If tho bill is passed and they attempt to repeal it hereaftor, they will find theso same Republicans arrayed against them at tho ballot-box, And in all their remomberings they should not forget they aro establishing a very bad precedent. Itis a game which two can play at. Tho Republicans will be in a minority in the next House, but will be a stronger and moro efect- ive minority than the present Democratic ono. A DANGER AND ITS. REMEDY. It is probably too lute now to get adopted any amendment to the Constitution provid- ing a new method for the election of tha President and-havo it ratified by tho reqttisite umber of States before tho election of 1876. Wo must chooso the next President under the oxisting provision of the Constitution, This would not bo such 9 bad thing wero it not for acertnin addition to the Constitution in the shape of tho ‘Iwenty-second Joint Rule of Congress, adopted Fob, 6, 1863, ‘This rule is tho root of tho present evil. It provides that, if any question arises about counting the electoral vote of a Stato during tho joint session of Congress for the purpose of can- yassing tho returns of a Presidential election, the Senate and Honso shall separato, and each decide tho question for itself, There must be no debate on the point in either Houso, and no electoral vote can be counted unless both Houses agree to it, That is, either House can reject tho olectora! vote of any and overy Stato! ‘Chis rule, if not ungon- stitutional, is certainly unwiso, ‘Tho portion of it cutting off debate is wrong. In Feb- ruary, 1873, the legality of the seal of Ar- kansas, appended to the official report of its vote, was questioned, The part of the Ar- kensos Constitution which would havo settled tha matter was offered in evidence, but ita roading was forbidden, Then tho voto of Arkansas was rejected, ‘Tho pressing danger of the near futuro lies in the proviso that either Houso can rofect tho vote of any State. Tho Congress which will canvass tho returns of 1876 in Fobruary, 1877, will be composed of a Deimoorntic House anda Republican Sonate, ‘The election of 1876 will probably bo aclose ono, ‘Lhe votes of two or three States may decide the result, It will. be the casiest thing in the world to trump up charges of fraud in those States, on either side or on both sides, Suppose they return Democratic votes and the Senate re- fuses to receive them. Or aupposo they return Republican votes and the Houso re. fuses to recoive them. What thon? Thon there may bo war. ‘Lhe question of the suc. ceasion of Ohiat Magistrates is the chief dan- gor of goyurnments, If the Constitution is so construed that the failure of the two Houses to agroo to count the votes necessary for o choice ahall be tantamount too failure of*the people to elect, the election will be thrown into the House, and @ Domocrntio Tresidont will surely bo choson, ‘Thus, if this ie the true construction, the next House, by simply refusing to receive yotos, can, une der the Twenty-scoond Tule, reject the sum . . cessful candidate and clect a President to suit itself. "The danger is apparent. The reme-iy, for- tunately, is plain, ‘Che obnoxious rule should by repented and some substitute for it bo cne acted, ‘Tho leaders of ‘oth partics agree that ithe danger — exists, aud that tha repent of the rule is the remedy. Senator Consuixa has brought in a Dill, whieh giver the «Supreme Court original jurisdiction for the decision of eon- tested elections, ‘his involves the danger of dragging that Court into partisan politics, Its constitutionality, too, is somewhat doubt- ful, though Sunntor Epmesps, who ranke high as 4 ‘constitutional lawyer, con- niders it consonant with owe Magua Charta. ‘The importance of the reform is so very, very grent that the Supreme Court might perhaps be requested by joint-resolution of Congress to decide this point now. At any rate, tho present Congress should surely redeem its not over-good record by adopting a fair, un- partisan, honest rulo for canvassing the ro- turns of a Presidential election, AN OVERBURDENED SUPREME COURT, ‘The Convention which framed our new Constitntion foresaw that tho time would soon arrive when the Supreme Court would be #9 loaded down with business that somo other tribunal possessed of appollate power to revise the necossarily-hurried decisions of the nist prius courts would be an absolute ne- cessity. . That body, howover, wisely declined to erente snc a tribunal, but provided that the Legislature might do so at nny time after the yenr 1874. ‘ho constitutional provision is as follows: After the year of our Lord 1874 iuferior appellate courts, of unfform organization and Jurladiction, may ‘bo created in districts formed for that purpose, to which auch appeals and writs of error us the General Assembly may provide may bo prosecuted from Cir- elt and oiher courts, snd from: which appera and write of err or shall ie to tho Supremo Court in ull criminal cnaes and cases iu which n franchise, or free- hold, or tho validity of a statute is {nyolved, and in such other cases a5 may bo provided by law. Experience has shown the wisdom of this provision, The business of the Supreme Court has stendily inerensed during cach year since the adoption of tho Constitution, and will continuo to increnso co long as the State itself grows in population and wealth. ‘The eases upon the docket of that Court aro not only greater in number every year, but moro important in the amounts involv- ed and more intricate in tho ques- tions presented for solution, The conse- quenee, of course, is, that the time has already arrived, as wau forescen by the fram. ers of the Constitution, when the members of that Court aro obliged to perform a degree of labor which the State ought not to require of any of its public servants, and with which no other official Inbor in this State cau be com- pared. It is a matter of surprise to mombers of the Bar how the Judges aro ablo to do so much work and to do itso well. Wo are glad to say, as a just tribute of respect to that Court, that it possesses the entire confi- denca of the people and the Bar, Tho Judges now work twelve months in the year, and, however willing they inny be, they cannot work thirteen, Lither their dockets must be lightened or else their busi- ness will fall into arreara. When this begins, tho arrears will rapidly increnso until, by tho process of appeal, a creditor may be delnyed for years in the collection of a debt to which there is really no defense, The ‘law's de- lay” would then become something more than a phrase, The evil would indeod be of the greatest magnitude, since the necessity of being delayed for yenrsin the assertion of one's logan! rights would lead practically to great oppression and wrong. Thoro is but ono modo possible of prevent- ing this evil, and that is by tho establishment of an intermediate court os contemplated by the Constitution, Let districts bo created comprising five circuits, with power given to threo of the Circuit Judges to hold the court. Let their decision bo mado flual in all civil cases not involving a franchise, or free- hold, or tho validity of o statuto, or a greater amount of property than ono or two thousand dollars, Our Cirenit Judges throughout the State are, in the main, thoroughly compctent, and the decision of a Court composed of five or three of them, with full opportunity for examination and con- sultation, ought to be, nnd would be, gen- erally antisfactory. This has been tho system for many years in New York, and it has worked well, It is the only mode in which the judicial business of that great State can ‘bo transacted, and this is equally true of Illi- nois, © Under our present system all cases, no matter how small the amount involved, may bo taken to the Supreme Court. Ifenco a grent number of suits of trifling importance are found at any term upon its docket. But 9 case involving only 2 hundred dollars must be decided with the same erre and delibera- tion ag a ensa involving a hundred thousand, for tho @ecision becomes a procedent and rules the decision of tho next case depending upon tho samo question, Some of the most important rules controlling business and prop- erty in this State” have been established in cases involving in themselvoa but a few dollars, The Court cannot therefore neglect tho small cases, and they aro so numerous that much of the timo of the Judges is given to their consideration, Tho only cure for this evil is to limit the right of appeal, and the only mode of doing this, under our Con- stitution, is by the creation of an interme- diate court, Tho Logislaturo is quthorized to maka the decisions of that Court final to such extent as it may think proper, subject to the exceptions above named, Sonator Casey has, we understand, olroady introduced a bill for tho establishmont of: auch a court, but we are not sware that it has beon published, We call tha attention of the Legislature to this subject as ono of tho most important to come bofore them, and we trust a bill may be matured and passed at tho preaent session, It is of great impor. tance that it should not be delayed, SUBURBAN TRANSIT, The multiplication of railroads and the in- ereassd cost of land within tho limits of largo citios have made suburbs grow liko mush- rooms of Inte years, Hitherto, however, tho class whose lives would gain most by subur- ban residence—workingmen—havo not boen able to live out of the city in which they work, Iesidence in the country would resoue them from the undrained, unsunnod alloy. ways‘ now lined with their squalid bomea; would take their children out of ,the baneful school of the atreat; would give thelr wives health and happiness; end would enable them to eke out their precarious and scanty incomes by cultivating a garden in their few spare hours, ‘The longth of time consumed by the morning and evening journoys, how. ever, ond, much more, the comparatively great cost of tickets, have shut out the work. ingman and bis family from the suburb, A gteat reform in this respect has been in. nugurnted in * Massachnsotts, thanks to the Railrond Commissioners of that State, Since 18ts, “ workingmon’s trains” have heen run on tho Saugus Branch of the Eastern Rnil- road, which connects Boston and Lynn. The distance is Ub miles, ‘I'he cheap trains lonve Lynn at 5: m. and Boston at ¢ pm, ‘Tho fara is & counts the whole distance or any part af it. Tickets ara sold in rots of twenty. No money is taken hy the eondnetors, In 1873, these trains carried 187,016 passengers, Tho receipts were 29,850.80. Tn i874, tho passengers wero 261,660, and the receipts F Each trip cost an average of $15.14, and paid nn averago of $19 Tho ‘ago profit per trip was therefore $5.14. This proflt was not offset by losses on tha regular traing, The inereasa of busi- ness on them was 23 per cent Inst year, ‘The inerease on the cheap trains was 44 per cent. ‘Tho railroad has of conrse gained, in addition to this, nu indefinitely largo businesq from tho increasod population of the suburbs through which the workingmen's trains run, Wo qummend theso facts and figures to tho managers of the railroads running out of Chi- engo, and to tho Tnilrond Commissioners of this State. It is for the latter to advise and for the former to act. Workingmen’s trains ononr roads would build up our suburbs, pay handsome profits to the roads, and beno- fit the whole commnnity by benefiting its lnrgest nud certainly not least important class, SERMONS IN STONES. ‘Tho Government of the United States must either raise more money or spend less. If the choice between theso alternatives were submitted to the popular vote, there ean be no question which would bo taken, hero is a general fecling that taxation is too great. Our public buildings sre examples of ex- travagance and sermons ngoinst it. During the year ending Juno 30, 1873, we spent 489,039,698 for brick, stone, and iron, and during the next fiscal yoar we paid out $7,956,208 on the samo account. . ‘This is by no menns all. . The present Con- gress provided, in its first session, that if tho Supervising Architect could not + spend the appropriations . during the year for which they were made, he could disburse them at any time theve- after, ‘Iho result of this law was that at tho hoginning of this fiscal year, July 1, 1874, the Suporvising Architect lad on approprin- tion of $15,174,890, over and aboyo alt he had managed to spend, stauding to-his credit and available for buildiag purposes, Nono of this money has been raised. It niust be got by taxation, and therefore, unless this sort of thing is stopped, the people must pay within the next three yenrs, when .most of tho buildings now under way will be finished, the appropriations of there yeors and a good share of those of tho past three years, Wo quote from an exchange : ‘The following ia list of eight public buildings for which appropriations have ticen made at the last two nesstous of Congress, with the amonnte appropristed and expenditures made during the laat fiscal year, and the balance remaining unexpended at the beginning of tho eurront year: A ppraprs tiunafor eid Bxpeniedin anil 187: Tet. New York, Peat-Otico..... 909,255.23 Washingtup, Btate Departe ment Juliding. 2,275,000, 865,770.14 Philadolphin, ¥ Sasoon| Burts Kt, Louie, Post-Oltici 1,75 Boston, Posi-Oilico, Chicago, Gustom-30 Cincinnatt, Custom.House ‘Now Orleans, Custom-Hause, 0,000) 1,292,763, tT Total.ecervses Deduct expenditure: Avaliable July 1, 1874... $9,C87, Tn addition to the eight bulldings named above, there nro some thirty othera In the list, sovoral of which haye just boon commenced, while for othera the “derricky" Lavo not yat been erected, Besides the $8,687,626 given here as tho stun available July 1, 1874, the unexpended appropriations for the preceding year, mek. ing, with this, over $15,000,009, wero at the scrvico of the Supervising Architect. Of the cities on this list, Now York and Chiengo (tho latter by reason of tho fire) aro the only ones which ave in urgent need of now buildings. None of thom, however, needed such mammoth structures as Mur nett's oxuberant fancy, backed by an unlim- ited amount of the people's money, has con- jured into oxistoence, Tho Chicago combined Custom-Iouse, Court-House, and Post-Of- fice is boing built of stono brought from Southern Ohio, hundreds of milos away, and but little, if any, better than stone from quarries on tho canal 25 iiles from this city. Its walls are constructed as if an earth. qnake wero of daily ocourronco here. Fow forts aro so ponderous, ‘ho stones used aro enormous in size. It is safo to sy that half the money spent and to be pet, upon it would have paid for a building that would have answered the purpose quite as well, and would have lasted for centuries, "This is but an oxamplo of the way/in which all public building is dono. It has been atated, but wo do not know with what truth, that stone is- brought to Cincinnati from Maine for the new Custom-Hougo thero, while stone, quarried close by Cincinnati, is being sent to an Eastern city, and also to Omaha, for Governmont buildings there, A man engaged in putting up a palace would stop or at any rate slacken work if o panto crippled his business affairs, A Na- tional Government should do the same thing under tho same circumstances. Congress should cover the unexponded appropriations for the past fow ycara into the ‘Troasury, and should let tho public buildings now undor way rise slowly, Work on somo of thom might perfeotly wall bo stoppod entiroly for the time being. Millions of dollars. cans be saved in this way atonce, Here is a perfectly feasibloand almplo way of roducing our expenses, and making our income and outgo balance moro nearly than they do now. It would cortainly be far betterto adopt this andsimilar reforma than to increase the presont heavy taxos, If, howover, taxation must be groater, let it be so levied that the National Treasury, and not the pockets of manufacturers, will receive what the people pay. The Grand Jury closed their Inbors by o formal prosentment of certain matters to the Court, They advise certain reforms in, tho moro epeody trial of porsons ju jail, and in giving jurisdiction to magistrates to disposo of petty larceny cases summarily, and thus reliove the jail of the large number of pris- oners now detained thors from month to month. In the matter of gambling, thoy ad- vise that all persons attending gambling- houses as visitors to play should be made punishable ag gamblors equally with those who keop the establishments. By cutting off the patronago, the gambling-houses will cease to be profitable. They further odviso that tho law be so amended that owners of prop- erty renting premises used for yam- bing purposes can be punished upon proof that they, oven after the lease, have knowledge of the purposes for which he premises are used. They also call atten- tion to tha defect in tho lawa whoreby pawn. brokers have an almost unrestrained license to buy, or receive, or pawn goods which they must know to have heen stolen. In conch. sion they express their regret. that they werg unable to proscento the investigation of the alleged corruption in the Common Comet respeeling the charter of the Wabash avenno horse-railrond and other matters. ‘Tho testi. , mony in this matter has been preserved, and they nske that it be handed over to the next Grand Jury, that that body may further prosecute tho inquiry, ‘They say that the evidenco before them leaves no doubt thet tho allegation of corruption was true; but they wero unable to fix the responsibility deflnitely enongh to warrant an indictinent, DEATH OF A REFORMOR, A profersional “reformer” has Just parsed away who probably mado fow disciples and core tainly leaves no successor, Tho Nov. Groog Trasn, of Fitchbure, Maee., was probably tho most determined opponent vf tobaceo tho wart has had sinco King dass issued his Counter. Disst. He commenced life aa shoemaker, and when ho becaino of ago opened a hardiwaro Btura in which ho made aufticiont money to carry him through college, at Brunnwick, Me, Ho after. wards entered tho ministry and hed oflicinted to tho time of hia death in various towns tq Maasachuactts, As a mitmster, howovor, hig roputation has been purely local, He woul probably not have been hoard froin outside of lis native State lad he not entered upon a vigorous crusade against tobacco, which soon spread his uname and fimo throughout tho whole eountry. The manner in which he commeucod s vivtiny of ars Twenty years aro (0 n ANTU) T Tad clited, tremntoue, end cowardly, ead phystelate wa at the gates of death, [abandoned this to ‘Tho uct wax an epoch fu my bite, fe waa a bate, loi Tailed upon Gard and rex live or. die, T went conquer this ‘unclean dovil,’"and ttwas done, Ty routtuclation Wited a loathsome incubus from ing All agiow am a young convert I beaut vontising neighbors, 1 wuen cure ear util afar and efreutited the pledye, ant my labora in Bablath-schonlg, fu ull schoole, Were ate tended with dlattoring succes, His favorito method of fighting tobacco was with litte pungent pamphlols or dy-leaves whiea ‘wore scattered all over the United States, Prob. ably overy one of our renders has seon these quaint little documents with their quaint littl wood-cuts, Ifo also attacked tobaecy in tho pal. pit and on tho lecturo-xtage, also through the columns of tho religions newspapers, whore {is style of singling out pblic men by namo and wrestling with thom personally, nttracted yery general attention te hia papers. President Gnast waa oo special object of hs animadversion, and he never omitted an opportunity to arraign him for his offenso of smoking. In tho campaign of 1372, although salong Republican, ho showed his consistency by voting for Grreney, who did not amok, in prefercuco to Grast. Io traced evory personal ovil and overy national misfortune to tho wa of tobaceo, Aftor tho War was over, ho even dis. covered that alt the Northern defeate were ab tributablo to tho fact that tho troops wera Led by smoking and chewing Genorals. Mecontly, the stereotype pigtes of his lito tracts were de stroyed by firs, which greatly crippled tira in his work. His lifetime of Inbor had uot mado impression onough upon the pub- He to guarautco o subscription large enough to reproduce the plates, aud now death jaa ended hia labore, the old village parson being atricken down almogt instantly by heart discaso as ho wae sitting by Lis fireside, Holes gono to that bourne whero he will no moro bo troubled by the Indian weed. Te made a food, sharp fight, but ity resulta have hardly left & scratch upon the eolid walls of tobacce which bo bombarded so long and porsistently. Had he displayed tho samo determination ant persistent application to tho removal of some gront public vice, conceded to bo such, therois little doubt that be would havo accomplished grand resulta, Agit ia, however, ho has made but fow convorts, and he has left no one to take up his work and go on with it. LARRY O'BRIEN, Z In tho army of officials who make a living by collecting taxes from othor people and eating them is an ardent individual from tho Gem o& tho Soa natoed Lanny O'Brien, who, by the in telligent (7) snffragos of the peapte of West Chi: cazo, holds the ofieo of Yown-Collector of Stata sud county taxes, In that part of the city there exists a corporation known us the "People's Gas- Light and Coke Company." On the 13th of Jan- nary last this Company paid to O’Lnten {he small trifle of 8694.40 iu full for county, State, an! capital atock tax, On Jon, 18 O’Brien presente! # second bill against tho West Chicago Gna-Light and Coke Company, and demanded payment for $1,930, ‘Tho ‘l'eople’s C.-L. aud C. Co.” dit elaimed identity with any such corporation, atl refused to pay the bill, The Collector threat ened, aud tho Company, to avoid trouble, praye! an injunction against the Collector, ho writ was given to a Deputy-Shoriff, who failel to find O'Buren until Tuosday afterucor. On that afternoon O'Duren personally appeare! in the office of the Gas Company, with his war- rant of distraint for taxeg, when ho was serve! with the writ of injunction, O'Brres folt all ths dignity of his offico, and resented the intorferent: of the judiciary in the affairs of tho Tax Collect or. Hoe toro the writ to pleces and trample! tho fragments under hia feet, and genorolly et preseed hin contempt for the writ and thoso wh) issued it, Io immediately placed ono Frezaensyy in charge of tho Gas Compnny'y property, direct: ing hin to tako all receipts of money for git. He took charga of the Gas Company's works and assumed control of the manufaccufo aod delivery of gas, Ho proposed to cut off the ga! and Ieave the West Side in darkness, and proba bly would baye dono so on Wednesday tnd oot the Company that morning laid tho facta befor Judge Manweer, who ordored tho arrost of O'Bn1eN and his deputy for contempt of cout. O'Buren hearing of this flod tho city, and is u0¥ in Springfleld, it is reported. The curious would like to know what wou'd have beon tho effect of O'Briex’s manacement of tho Gaa Worke, If ho could have prodnced better gag,—nud most people think that would hava been easy to do.—he would havo increased ita popelority aa woll ag tho uumbor of cod aumers, and he could havo therofore furnished tho gas at cheaper rates and etill havo onabl lim to pay tho tax bill, But bia ignominioud flight and tho interference of the Court haa de prived the publio of this doubly benoficial re ult, Asitis, thla martyr to the publin onlighten mont, this zealous collector of tho people's tax% thia would-be administrator of tho Puople's Ga Light and Coke Company, bas, in the vory mo mont of his greatost trimmph, abandoned the public, and in the darknoss fled tho county whon he ehoutd have remained and incressed the light, Will ho ever como back? Will be basely defy tho judicial wrath of Judgo Far WELL? Will horetura to tho constituency b¢ serves, and try his hand again as manufactured of gas for Wout Chicago? Lanny, Lanet O'Drex, whore are you? Why havo you Geserted the people who expacted ao much of you in the way of better light? —_ We aro grieved to loarn that the Rev. Kit HEDGE, whose teuder soul is frequently lacc* ated by the rough edgos of this world, is severe ly exercised at the weokly prayer-meatlus. b* cause of on article entitled ' Chicago's ‘Brangele iets" in Tue Toone, setting forth the tram phant successes of Moopy and Ssnxer ip ew rope, and bestowing somo parting words of ene couragoment to Warrris and Brisa, wio bate goue to evangolize tho East, There were two waye of writing such au articlo—aither in 9 fo% mal and culd-blooded mannor or in» etrain © ploasantry. The formor bas been adopted bY the English, Welsh, Scotch, and Iriah prose by many of tho clorgy of Great Britain in roterenoss to Brothers Moony and Baxxxy. We preferced the Lattds, however, with she 00d