Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 26, 1875, Page 4

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUN TUESDAY, J UARY 26, 1875. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. RATER OF AUNSCRIPTION (PAYARLE IS ADYAKCR), Pontago Urepald nt this Oifiees 1, 13.00 | Sundar... Pateedays 819.00 [Seany Parta of 9 year at the sams rate. To provent delay and mistakes, bs ruro and give Post. Office addreas in full, including Stato and County, Rerulttancoemay homade citherby draft, expraas, Poat- Ofles order, of {n registered letters, at our risk. TRRMS TO CITY AUBECRINENR. Dally, delivered, Randay excepted, 2 eenta per weok ally, delivered, Bundey inclided, BO cante per week ‘THE TRINUNK COMPANY, Chieage, Il. ‘TODAY'S AMUSEMENTS. ND, OPERA-HUUSE—Clark | street HAMAR roe Rolle Leow, Must jrimeon Scarf.” NOOLERY'S THEATNE—Randolph atreat, betwe Biarkand LaSalle. "Magnolia." Ot RUM--Monroe afreot, betwenen Doar. Suton MONE ATG NE ening. WYICKEN'S THEATR earborn and State. Kngagem: La Nozze di Figaro.” Madiron street, “between of the ‘Strakosch Troupe, CADEMY OF MU talnted strest, between Bf we ‘and Monroe. Sugagement of Mrs, Agnos Booth. King Jobo.” LPHUTHRATRE—Dearhorn atreat, cornar Mon. Mae yagieer Fea aents Ne Ebe: Fiold of the Cloth old ASHLAR LODGE, No. 28, A. iar meeting thls (Tuesday) evonin Hatchet naib 74 Sonrar-rt forcbnslnone au The ° First Degree of Maronry. Tig fraternity cory ATTENTION, SIR 1 lense tee nt Tar cele ae th af sslum foe arate pa the oe 3 ste gomrtonr ee yor: Se ie Eee ROW. LOCKI, Recorder, '.—Special Conclare of ix (Tucuday) ovens “BUSINESS WE MEAN ALL WE SAY.—FULL SET.REST GUM F Ber tatisinetion or money refuted: rate {yet BA ait Geual raion MCCHESNRY, 25Ckarkent, pedonlicibseibecta aly INDEXaTO ADVERTISEMENTS, AGH—City and Suburban Real Estate Wa ro iets, Muslenls To Exeuange, lorses aud Business Chances, Financial, Lost and i, PAQE—Amusemonts, Ttatlrosd Time-Ta- Wediest Caads, ete., ate, The Chieaga Tribune, Tuesday Morning, January 26, 1875. The evening papers yesterday published the names of persons said to be members of the ‘Citizens’ Lobby,” and left itto be un- derstood that all those mentioned were ac- tually in Springfield working for tho passage of the Incorpordtion act. ‘The truth is that nino-tenths of the Committee appointed by the Citizens’ Association will not go to Springfield ot all, and the other tenth will not act as a “Lobby.” ——_ ‘Tho virtual defeat of the application for an extension of the patent on tho four-motion sewing-machine feed isa popular triumph, The monopolists who hava controlled this patent for the past few years have become rich by squeezing the people; they should be content in the future with small profits and large sales. The history of the sewing-ma- chino monopoly, and a very interesting atate- mont of the effects of its breaking-up, will be found this morning in our Washington dis- patches, Some of the Southern Republicans who voted yesterday for the Hous. resolution tu provent filibustering were groand botweon an upper andancthermill-stone. Theoperation of the now rule, if adopted, would be to pass tho Civil-Rights bill, which they by no means desired, and also to allew Tom Scorr’s Southern Pacific grab, whichtho Great South cries for. It was ahard choicn; but asmoney was involved in the Southo-m Pacifle grab, and only principles in tho Civil-Righta bill, most of the Southenors voted for the new rule, Tho extreme Bourbons of tho Btate of Missouri, having securely intronched them- selves in the Legislaturo, have commenced to show their hands. One of their latest mens. ures is theintroductionof obill which provides that the entire fund raised for the support of tho freo schools in theState shall bo apportion- of to all tho children of school ago enumerated, and that every parent shall be entitled to draw the fall amount due each child on proof of haying sent such child to any school, The effect of this bill, if passed, will be o fatal blow to the free-school system of Mis- souri by diverting the school fund from its legitimate common-school channel and distributing it among the sectarian schools, which is the intention and object of tho bill, The people of St, Louis ara begin- ning te arouse themselves, both Democrats and Republicans, in viow of the now Bour- bon danger which threatens them, and are talking of holding s public indignation meot- ing to protest against tho destructive proposi- tion, The agent of the Associated Press at MMil- waukeo is also the editor of Mr. Canrenten's personal organ, the Sentinel, Ho has strange- ly-mixed idens of the duties and privileges of each position, We do not understand that the Associated Press is in any senso o partisan organization, or that it bas been offered for sole, or beon bought by Mr, Oan- renter, Yot the dispatches from Milwaukee concerning tho Senatorinl canvass ara evi- dently dictated from the camp of CanpeNnten, We reprint two of theso dispatches as apeci- mens of the sort that has been coming over the wire for tho last three weeks: Uswavxze, Jan, 10,~—The Hon, E, W, Keyes, Chatre man of the Republican State Central Committee, tel- egrapbed to the Chicago Inter-Occan to-night that Oanrewrce’s election is now certain, Mitwavexe, Wis, Jau, 94,—Advicea from Madison are to the effect that the throatenod bolt of the oppo nents of Canrsutxa, the nominee of the Republican caucus, will not take place, as a auflicient number cau. not be sacured, “The Ion, EB, W, Keres” is, of course, “Boss” Keyes, Mr, Canrenten’s chief fugle. man. The circulation of his viows through the Inter-Occan could do noharm to anybody, but their publication by the Associated Press fs quite a differout matter, Tho second dia- patch ia a more surmise, and on that account hot fit to be sent to the Associated Press, The agent at Milwaukeo will be informed, we hope, that manifestations of cditorial zeal through his Press dispatches cannot be toler- ated, The Chicago produce markets were loss utondy yesterday. Meus pork was active, and 25@300 per bri higher, closing at $18.00 cash, and $18,87 1-2 seller March, Lard wasactivo 8nd 10@12 1-26 per 100 Ibs higher, closing at 919.92 1-20 cosh, and $18.55 for March, Meats wero in good demand, and 1-80 higher, at G 1-40 for shoulders, 9 1-40 for short riba, and 05-80 for short clears, Dreased hogs were moderately active and firmer, closing at $7.10@¥.70. Highwines woro in fair domand and steady at 40 per gallon, Flour ensh, aud 72c seller May. Oats wero quiet and easier, closing at 52c cash, and 52 1-2¢ for March, Ryo was dull and lower, at 96@ 96 1-2c, Barley was dull and 1c lower, clos- ing at $1.24 for February. Hogs were active and 10@1ée higher, closing firm at $6.00@ 7.00 for common to choice. Cattle and sheep were quict, According to tho previous arrangement of tho Republican caucus, 9 resolution was in- troduced in the Lower Houso of Congress yesterday with a view to preventing further dilntory motions by the Opposition members, 'Tho proposition was to amend the rules in such a way as to restrain the Sponker from entertaining motions mado for tho purpose of delaying nection on bills and joint resolutions, Tho resolu- tion failed of ndoption, wanting a two-thirds vote, Among tho Republicans who voted against it were Kasson, Buncnanp, Fosten, Hats, Pnetrs, Ronents, Winuanp (Vt.),— some of the very best members on the Re- publican side, Tho canens-action was ill-advised, and its dofent in the open Houso will be a subject of very general congratulation among good Repub. licans. Tho righta of a minority are precious toafreo people ; and our Constitution con templates just such on exerciso of them as the Democratic members at Washington have practiced. Especially should any infringe. ment of them bo avoided at n time when tho majority is soou to be reversed. New light is thrown on the situation in Louisiana by tho documents sent to tho Senato yesterday by President Grant, Gen. Estony, it appears, strongly disapproved of Maj. Mennizt’s performancesin theShreveport District about olection timo ; and, in order to ascertnin the true stato of affairs there to his own satisfaction, ho sent a member of his staff to inquire privately into the condi- tion of the country and the disposition of the people to the United States and the State Governments, The report of tho officer detailed for this pur- poss is full of menning. He finds that the country is fast running to ruin; that the law has fallen into disregard and disre- pute; that troops have been used un- necessarily, ud oftentimes have dis- charged their duties harshly snd cru- elly; that there is no disposition to rebel against the National Government ; and that the State Government would not be recognized a moment if the troops were with- drawn, All this, of course, is tough reading for Maj. Meizu and other officious Repub- licans who aro intorested in maintaining ‘the gigantic fraud” in Louisiana known as the Kzxroaa Government. THE TAX ON TEA AND COFFEE, ‘The Secretary of the Treasury recommend. ca to Congress that the duty ontea and cof- fea be restored, and he gave tho facts show- ing that the repeal of tho duties in 1872 was no relief to the consumers, because the prices nt the places of production—Chino, Brazil, aud Cuba—-were immediately advanced tothe amount of the repealed duty, ‘he result hos beon that consumers have been paying just as much for their tea and coffee since tho re- peal ag they would have had to pay had the duty not been removed, ‘Tho only effect of the repeal of the tax has been a loss of sev- eral millions of dollars of revenue, which has been transferred to the foreign producers. This matter is so plain that no thought. ful person can fail to understand it. Taxes on imports are of two kinds: 1. Those which produce revenue. 2, Thosa which are intended to bo partially prohibi- tory, and which are divided in the proportion, say, of one-fourth to the Government and three-fourths to the ‘' protected classes,” Un- der the first kind, a tax of ton millions of dol- lara on imports is paid by the consumer, and the wholo is paid into the National Treasury, Under the second kind, o tax of ten millions of dollarg is paid by the consumer, and of this, two millions and o half are collected by the Treasury, and the other seven millions anda half are divided as bounties among the protected classes, A tax on teas and coffee is 8 purely revenuo tax; it ia all paid into the ‘Treasury, while a tax on salt, lumber, iron, cloth, etv., is o protective tax, Assuming that the domestic article consumed in tho country is three times as great in quan- tity'as the imported article, a tax on salt falls upon all the salt consumed, but the ‘Treasury only receives that portion which is collected from the imported salt, while tho other three-fourths or nine-tenths of the tax is collected by the manufacturers of the do- mestic salt, The tax on sugar partakes of the character of both revenue and protection, though the proportion of imported sugar is so much greater than the domestic product that its inequality is not so oppressive as in some other articles. In order to produce $10,000,000 revenue, the Government has merely to levy o tax of that amount on tes and coffee, In order to produce a like sum of revenue from cotton goods, or woolen goods, on carpets, on iron and stecl, or on paints, oils, glass or china ware, the tax must be at loast &40,000,000 ; the Government re- ceiving one-fourth, and the other $80,000,000 being distributed among the pratected classes, ‘The difference, then, between a tax for rev= enue and a tax for protection is very evident, and is shown as conspicuously in the repeal of taxes as in their levy. Thus, when the tar onteaand coffee yielded ton millions of dollars revonue to the Government in 1871-2, ita re- peal was a reduction of taxation to that amount and no more. When the tax on iron, or cotton goods, or woolon goods, yields ton millions of dollars revonue, a repeal of that tax isareduction of forty millions of dollars tax, and a loss of only ten millions of revenue, ‘This expleing why the Protectioniets in Con- gress throe years ago repealed the tax on tea and coffe, To make good tho loss of ten millions of dollara revenue from that sourco required the rotaining of forty millions of dollars taxation on other articles, Those grabbers are now engaged in flooding tho country with petitions to bo signed ond forwarded to Con- gress protesting against the restoration of the tax on tea and coffee, They do not wont that tax restored, bocause all it pro- duces is revenue, Thora js no partnership in it; there is no division of it in tho proportion of 76 per cent to private corporations or indi- viduals, and 26 per cont to the National ‘frensury, Among the impudent pretensions of theso persons ig their profession that they want to give the American people a “free breakfast.” Now, let us look at the charac. ter of this free breakfast, Assuming that Mr, Ketzer was present at such @ meal, bo would roturn thanks for a freo break. fost something after the following manner: ‘We thank Thee, oh Divinity, for the privi. was dull and unchanged. Wheat wag less active, and easier, cloaing firm at 88 1-40 loge of onjoying a free breakfast—the toa aud coffee wo drink are untaxcd; the table on oash, and 89 8.4 seller March, Corn was dull | which this breakfast isuerved is taxed only 40 nnd 14@1-2c lower, closing strong at G4 1-20 | per cont, the tablecloth 42 per cent, the dishes, plates, cups, and saucers, 46 per cent, tho plated spoons 35 per cent, the knives and forks 60 per cent, the plated coffee-pat 46 por cont, tho China tenpot 38 per cont, the salt 60 per cent, the carpet on the floor of this dining-room 75 per cent, the stove by which this roomis heated 45 per cent,the cotton win- dow-curtaina 45 per cent, the paper on the walls 47 yftr cont, tho glass in the windows 60 per cent, the chairs on which wo sit 34 per cent, and the Biblo from which we rond ‘Thy word 28 per cont; therefore it in that wo thank Thee aud Congress for the inestimablo mercy of a ‘free breakfast.’ " ‘The men engaged in the iron manufacture aro the most vehement in their opposition to the restoration of this tax on tea and coffee, and inthe demand for an increased tax on iron andsteel in all their forms. At the same time these iron associations aro holding meot- ings and publishing statements of the condi- tion of the trade, Inthe New York Zimes wo find a statement from Philadelphia, under date of Jan, 14, 1875, which is very encour- aging. Tho low prico of iron is duo to the falling off inthe demand caused by the panic. ‘The writer, however, states certain important facts. Ho says: In reviewing the market there fs ons important fact that should not bo overlooked, and that {# the means of accuring a foreign outlet for the aurplus production of fron, ‘This {sone remedy for the evil which must needa be encountered when trade ie in the state that st is at present, and it {s generally regarded os a aafcty- valve in periods of doprersion, . . . We have had no competition from abroad, and, unless it be on the Paclilo const, thera has not been a single bar of English rallroad fron imported during the yoar, Some Lear~ emer atecl rails, which have beon incorrectly reported as iron, havo, however, been ured, ‘The choapness of theeo rails, au cbmpared with English prices, attracted considerable trade from Cauada, aud in this way from 16,000 to 20,000 tons Lave been takon in bond, at from $33 to $42, gold, . . . Thetmport from abroad hae almost entirely ceased, and the present high tariff givos home makers, practically, s monopoly of the market. ‘Tho prices for foreign railsin January of last year were trom $108 to $110, gold, and of Amorican the same quotation was returned in curroncy, while in December the figures for foreign wore $82 to $23, gold, and Amorican $72 to $75, currency. Hore is the confession that, during the Jast year, our iron manufacturers have been able to undereell the British in Canada ; that there has been no British bar-iron imported to this country in 1874, and no pig-iron excopt somo small quantities of Scotch pig which aro es- sential to mix with the American pig in mak- ing iron bars, In fact, these iron-men have —nand boast of it—an absolute monopoly in the iron trado of the United States. Nover- theless, they aro fiercely demanding at Wash- ington an increase even of the present high taxes on iron, and opposing the restoration of the revenue tax on tea and coffeo. THE POLICY OF SHORT CUTS, The Hon, Steruzn A. Hununvz, of Mlinois, has proposed in a caucus of Republican mem- bers of Congress that the present Congress, which expires on the 8d of March noxt, shall, in addition to making the appropriations for the support of the army for the year ending June 30, 1876, also make tho appropriations for the year ending Juno 30, 1877; in other words, two years ahead. The reason given for this extraordinary legislation is that, the next Houso being Democratic, that body may refuse to make the appropriations for the army which the Government may demand. We fail to see, in the suggested reason, any justification for any such proceeding as that proposed by Mr, Hunnnvr and seconded by Gen, Burien. It is within the realms of possibilities that the House of Representa- tives may be Democratio not only for two years, but for four years, and we think such aresult may be counted among the certain- ties unless the present Congress abstain from a variety of vicious legislation which has beon proposed, and which will be urged, and which may bo enacted. Itis true the next House of Representatives will be Domocratic, and members of the prosent House might profitably ask thomselves why it is that, while the present House stands, in round numbers, 200 Republicans to 92 Demo- ernts, the next House will contain 200 Demo- crate and 92 Republicans, These may not be tho exact figures, but they are proportion. ately correct. If they will inquire thoy will learn that the Republicans wero in a ma- jority of two-thirds in the session of 1873, and that that Congross voted tho bonus of back-pay, and forward-pay; they will ro- member, also, that that Congress mado such extravagant appropriations for every branch of the public service for the year 1878-'4 that at the end of the year there was a deficit in the ‘Treasury, compelling the Governmont to reissue twonty-six millions of canceled Treasury notes, and to omit the payment of &80,000,000 into the Sinking Fund. Thoy will remember that, in that samo Congress, there wore revelations of flagrant dishoncaty, and bribery, and corruption among Congress- mon of all phrties in relation to the Credit Mobilier and other legislation. It is now do- veloped that the same two Houses of Con- gress which investigated and refused to oxpel or punish those convicted of complicity in the Crodit Mobilier fraud, voted a subsidy to the PacifioMail Company for which that Company paid nearly $1,250,000 of money, They should olso remember that the country ‘as, ever since 1863, been burdoned with o most iniquitous and oppressive system of taxation, enacted under tho pretext of protecting” industry, and that Congress haa been deaf to the demands of the people for relicf; and that the present Congress, which mot in the midst of @ most disastrous financial panic, after a xix-monthe’ session, adjourned without any action looking to either a relief from protective taxation, re- duction of expenditures, reform of the cur- renoy, or improvement in tho national orcdit, In tho recess the people eleoted successors to 200 of the members of the preacnt House, and, in the process, reversed the political ascondency in the body, With that lesson before them, what is the prosont Houso do. ing? The majority has already passed an act inoreasing tho taxes upon the people in what is known as the ‘' Little Tariff" act, The Congress that has enacted this thievish Little Tariff law is just now investigating in one Committee how far Congress was bribed into voting a eubsidy of half 6 million of dollars annually to the Pacific Mail Company, while another Committee is proparing @ bill to grant Tos Soorr an annual subsidy of six or soven millions of dollars in gold to pay interest on the bonds of his rotten and bankrupt wild-cat railroad corporations, Committees of the most em. inont and able Republican lawyera of both Houses have reported to Congress that the election in Louisiana in 1873 was a “‘ gigantio fraud; ” that the Government there installed by a corrupt judicial order, enforced by Fed. eral troops, waa nover elected, and had not the loast semblance of legality. The Pycs- ident in a special message to Congress had declared that election a ‘gigantic fraud," aud a Republican Committee of the House reported articles of impeachmont against the Judge who ordered the military to put Kezzoce in office, and yet Congress leaves the Republican party reaponsible for the enforced maintninanco of this legal fraud, and the country disturbed perpetually by the necoxsary interference of tho army to provent the people emancipating themselves from a monstrosity which has no parallel in this country. Under these circumstances wo suggert that it is inadvisable for the Republican party to follow any farthor the disnstrous load of Gen, Burren in any short cuts to power, or snap judgments upon the popular will, Tho present Congress has fully as much as it can manage in attending to its own business, and not undertake to legisinto for ils successors. Already tho Republicans have lost one ITonse, and their power in the other ia scr’on ly threatened and impnired, A fow moro changes and the Democrats will have ® mojority in both branches of Con- gress. Tho legislation now proposed by Horsacr aud Borsrn is just tho kind to perpetuate the public opposition to the further prosecution of the war which closed ten yenra ngo, The same people, in tho aggregate, thnt elected the presont Re- publican House, havo since elected their Democratic successors. Let the next Con- gress meet its own responsibilities, Let the Domocrats attempt revolution if they dare, but lot this Congress mind its own business ; let it keop clear of ‘Tox Scorr, and Jay Cooke, and the Freedinan’s Bank ; let it get rid of the dead-bent Ketroaa and the Lonisi- ‘ana scandal ; let it keep its own hands clean, and it will do more to head off the Democrats than can ever be done by attempting to legis- lata for its successor. SILLY PELICANS. ‘To put it in very mild language, the people of New Orleans ore making assea of thein- selves in their trentment of Gen, Smenrpan. In tho pursnance of their impotent revenge and blind hatred, they have recourse to a serios of systematic annoyances of the Gen- era}, which are not only cowardly, but puerilo aud unworthy of grown-up men and women. It is considered the proper thing for men to gather together in the hotels and abuso him for the military operations of Jan. 4, with which he had nothing to do; and for womon to look black and frown upon him as they pass him on the street, The roughs hang him in effigy. Shopkeopers oxposo carica- tures of him in their windows, and dolls dressed to imitate him, with somo scurrilous logend inscribed upon them. Actresses on the stage curry popular favor by introducing allusions to him in low ‘gags, Singers chant ribald songs in which his name occurs, Young women at tho opera change their seats when hoe comes in their neighborhood. ‘Tho whole population, in fact, in tho ecstacy of its hatred, which is barren of any definite result, vents its spleon as children do by making faces, turning up their noses, and calling names ; ond, as the fe- male sex at tho South is specially accom- plished in this direction, having had somo cx- perience during the War of the Rebellion with Gen, Butter, and during the war of 1812 with Gen. Jaonsox, both of whom were ox- posed to the same sort of obloquy, tho women dovoto their spare time to this elevating and womanly business, Even the male sex has forgotten tho Packanps and Kennocas, the real authors of their troubles, and concentrates its venom on Sner- ipan principally because Snenman isa Union man and o soldicr, a rough rider, and a bold fighter. Perhaps such conduct ought to be expected from a foreign peoplo, bought of a foreign country, kept from being disloyal to the Union in tho last war with Great Britain by Gon, Jactson, and in tho Warof Secession by Gen. Bouruen, and fastenod into the body politic by bayonets, three timos driven in ; but wo hardly expected such a lorge-hearted, mognanimous, and chivalric peoplo—people whose honor is so sonsitive that it is tainted by anything ploboian coming betweon them and the wind—capablo of lowering themselves to such petty, picayunish, childish displays of spleen, We had supposed that the peo- ple of New Orleans would have wrapped themselves up in their dignity, and greoted Gen, .Suenwan with freezing hautour and silence, In placo of that thoy are acting in o manner moro liko monkeys than men, dis- playing a spleen which is infantile, and ex. posing themselves to tho ridicule of the whole country, It only adds to the ridic- ulousness of their actions that Gon, SuenrDan himgelf ia not affected by them, Ho goes on hia way, 28 quietly and calmly as if he wero attending to routine business in Chicago, showing that ho understands tho childish and silly character of these actions, and recognizes the fact that thoy are harmless, The Now Orleans people ought to understand by this time that Gon, Smeemman is not the author of their troubles and is not responsible for their continuance, and that their ailly antics will not relieve them, THE NAVY. Admiral Ponten’s annual report for 1874 on tho navy is not pleasant reading to au Ameri- can, however entertaining it may prove to nations which consider war with the United States ox one of the possibilities of the futuro. » The larger portion of our ships aro of wood, hoy have neither improved ma- chinery nor improved guns, European navies can out-sail and out-shoot them with ense. A fleet of one-fourth the size, builton modern principles, could destroy them, Ono such vessel as the British ram Invincible could sink our entire wooden navy! Thero are forty-cight monitors on the rogister, Six of them are fit for service. Evon thoy, how- ever, would be of little avail against the In- vineible, Their guns could not hurt her, unless our present assortment of old hulks and build alot of now ships, with componnd engines, which, with half the con! and tho men now required by out vesselx, would bo twice ns effeetive, A number of monitors and tor- pedo-bonts shontd be constructed for harbor. service, and 5,000 tons of tho best possible ironclad ships should be built. every yent. So the Admiral advises. Grent Britain adds 20,000 tons of such vessels to her navy an- nually, In a word, all other nations are keep. ing up to the tines, Weare not. Weare at themerey of foreign powers, A week of const- warfaro would destroy more wealth than will bo required in years to keep our navy in primo condition for defense and offense, Such ara the views of the Admiral. After all, is not our chief relianco in powerful guns in earth- works, rather than in iron-clads or monitors? "This scema to bo the opinion of the Prosident, as expressed in his recont special message. THE ROTTEN BOROUGHS, ‘The proposition to admit two more “rotten borough” States, with four Senators, into the Union, is beginning to meet with tho hos- tilily which such an absurd proposition de- serves, The Cincinnati Commercial, roferring to the onginecrs of tho scheme, who want to get into olflee, says: ‘Wo preaumo they aro as good mon as the averago of their fellow-politiclans ; but we utterly deny that tho country owes them anything, and wo especially dony that {tin falr or right for Cougress to dilute our polil!- cal system for no vallil reason in the world, by voting to create new Btates which inay give these gentlemen tho seats of Senators and Roprosentativer, Let Con- gresa walt for the facts, Lot another decennial census come round, and show whether those would-be States are really advancing with rapid strides in population and intelligence, or are simply mushroom growths without tho clomenta which bave made great Common- wealths of some of the Northwestern States iu a very fow years, By tho last cousus three-fourths of the adult population of Now Mexico could neither read nor write, What kind of & pooplo is that to be clothed with the full power and panoply of a Btato iu a Ttepub- lic whece Institutions roat upon the intelligence of its citizens ? Gon, Hazen, in his North American Review article, to which we havo before alluded, con- tributes some important testimony bearing upon this point. Ie says: It ta possible that, at somo remote period, tho good lands of tho country may be so donscly populated ve to cause many to seek a precarious existence by auch “meager farm.ng aa istposalble in this region ; Lut, until then, the occasional great stock-grower, the scattered groups of miners, and tho fortunate farmor, or groups of them, in tho onrrow valloya, who can control a It tle water for irrigation, will comprise tho population, As on example of such populations we havo Nevadu, hero about all it# capacity in thie direction 1s utilized, It has beou representod in Congress, by its two Sous tors, for ton years, and ft basa population of about 40,000, or about one-third a8 many ago single Congres sional District in tho populous Btatea, And Now Mexi- co, which for twenty years hay been in our full occupa. tion, ia another cxamplo, It costs many million dol- lars for its administration; yet take away the army, ite hangers-on, and the transiont miners, and tho re- maining American population could alt in the shade of ‘8 good-sized appto-tree, ‘Tho proposition is so wrongful upon its foco that there is little room for argument. No valid reason has yet been offered why they should bo admitted. On the other hand, there is every reason why they should not be, No cause can be adduced which can warrant tho admission of a State of 40,000 or 50,000 people, and giving it an equal number of Senators with States having 3,000,000 or 4,000,000 of people, If Colorado and New Mexico are admitted, there is no reason why Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, Arizona, Dakota, and Washington Territory should not bo admitted also, and given State repre- sentation in the Senate. Thoy now have one Delogato each in the House of Reopresontatives to look after their in- torests, and that is enough for Ter- ritorles which only contain the popula tion of a single county in the populous States, Tho whole population of the nine or ten Ter- ritories, and the State of Nevada added, is not equal to that of the City of Chicago orSt, Louis. The demand for State representation by those Torritorics, with their handful of people, is every way unreasonable, illogical, ond absurd, besides being a gross wrong to the populous States, Thero should bo a uni- “versal protest against this attempt of a few politicians to place Colorado, with its 60,000 people, and Now Mexico, with its 90,000 half- breeds, three-fourths of whom can neither read nor write, into the United States Senate on an equal footing with New York or Illinois, If they are admitted, then let all the reat of thom in, Congress has no moral right to discriminate against one ‘rotten borough” and in favor of anothe THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI. The ‘Father of Waters” hos had his mouth choked up with sand andsilt for many years, 'Thero has beon such hot debato about tho best way to clear it out that the immedi- ate necessity for doing the job in some way has been rather ignored. Some decisive nc- tion may be expected speedily, however, for the Commission of ongineers appointed to examino the different projects has submitted an almost unanimous report in favor of Capt. Eaps’ plan, One man recommended tho Fort St. Philip Conal scheme, but all tho others indorsed tho jetty system, which is that proposed by Eaps. Tho canal would havo to be dug through a sort of bottomless pit, where tho soil isa spongy compound of water, ooze, andslnsh. It is claimed, and upon good authority, that the firm ground lies over 200 feet below tho surface of this quagmire, We take these figures from tho Commision’s report. Tho stuff can be dipped up in many places with o bucket, and the surrounding earth will at once ooze into the cavity. Aspadeful of earth thrown on the surface speedily sinks to the common lovel, and a stone disappears os if it had been thrown upon a pool of wator. If a walled ditch were constructed through this region, tho walls would ere long be at the bottom, they were at very clogo quartors, and her | and the future sciontist, finding them hun- gune could piorce their armor through and | dreds of feot beneath the eurface, would draw through. 'Thoy cannot be used for anything learned inferences from their workmanship but harbor-servico, if the weight of their | about tho civilization of the antodiluvian peo- plating should’bo increased, because a heavy | ple who built them. Tho Fort St, Philip sea would swamp them, ‘' Of the forty-oight | Canal is rejected by tho Commisalon for the iron-clads, thirty-one can be of no use excopt | following reasons: Its exeeution would be to sink as harbor-obstructions.” Only one of | too difloult and expensive; it would give o them, the Dictator, has any speed, Aso wholo, our navy is to that of foreign powers channel of only 800 feet, against one of 530 in the South Pass, if the latter is improved aaa foot-soldior armed with n pistol is to o | by jotties; its cost would be 311,514,200, or mounted man in annor armed with a breech- twice that, a8 the caso might be, against loading rifle. In case of war with a first-class | 87,942,110 for the South-Pass jetty improve- power, our commerco would be swopt from | ment; passage through it would be alow, tho seas, our ports shut up, and, perhaps, on account of the delay mado necessary our seaboard cities taken, These unpleasant | by the locks; it would havo to be constantly facts are well known, so the Admiral soys, to foreign naval ofticers, ‘The remedy needed {s somewhat expensive, dredged (dredging tho mouth of tho Missis- sippi has already cost millions of dollars) prevent its filling up; and, even when it Was but we are the second commercial nation in | first constructed, its capacity would be so the world, and ought to have, the Admiral small that light vessels, drawing 12 to 14 fect thinks, a navy to protect our merchant-ma- | of water, would havo to use the natural chan- rine and our long seaboard. In the first | nols in order to allow tho heavior ships to place, we must have heavy rifled-gune, We | reach New Orleans in any reasonable time, aro lamentably off in this respect uow, We For such reasons, six of the seven engineera have no ordnance that would hurt the Invin- | charged with the recommendation of & feasl- cible COO yards off, The President hos al-| ble plan, after having studied the subject ready called the attention of Congress and | abroad and at home, concur in the opinion the country to this need, In tho seoond | that the jotty system of Capt. Mavs should place, we must have some awitt wooden vas- | be adopted. gola, to cruise, Alabame-fashion, in cage of a ‘This system is, in brief, as follows: Plors, war, Th would be cheaper to atop repalting | eomposed of bundles of tress, weighed down by stone, and of piles, aro constrneted wn acoter on both sides of the pnsa to bo im. proved, By narrowing tho channel, they in- ereaso the velocity of tho current, which therefore deepens tho river-bed. It is a trong point in favor of tho jet- ty plan that it does not oppose, but supplements, nature, ‘The mouthof tho Mississippi was once, so geologists say, near Cairo, Ill, perhaps a few miles north of it, ‘The river has gradually constructed jettics along tho sides of its southward-moving channel. Whero tho jettios aro finished, tho channel is navigable. Ahend of tho firm banks the delta has always spread, a orien of bara that effectually barrod navigation. At tho present rate of natural jotty-building, it would take 178 yenrs for the river-banks to reach tho crest of tho present bar, which lies 71-3 miles to the south, ‘Then there would be another delta and another greatbar, Capt. Eapa says that the bar has been just 71-3 miles from tho completed banks ever since tho white mon has known the river, He infers that this is the distanco at which the average current of tho river will certainly form it, If, therefore, man builds, in two or threo years, the jettios which tho river cannot construct in less than 178 years, the next bar will bo nearly two centuries in forming, and may not form at all, for tho cross-currents of the Gulf sweep over the spot whero it would otherwise be, The Board of enginecrs think, however, that tho jetties would have to be annually prolonged. The wording of their report on this point is some- what obscure, If thia annual prolongation is to go on forever, the jetties will reach Yuca- tan or Cuba in course of time. ‘This favorable report of six ont of seven engineers will probably securo tha adoption of the jetty plan, especinlly since tho seventh member of the Board opposed it only on the ground of ita practicability, saying oxpressly, “Tf an adequate and permanent channel could bo obtnined at any ono of the passes, it would no doubt be preferable to the proposed canal.” ‘The improvement of the mouth of tho Mis- sissippi is a work of national importance,—ono of the few internal improvements which should be executed at tho national expense. Its completion would be of more value to the South than that of any number of Tost Scort railroads across tho Arizonian deserts, RELIGIOUS ORDERS IN MEXICO. By a recent voto of the Mexican Congress, the order of nuns called the Sistors of Chari- ty in that country were formally disbanded ond ordered to disperse. This was the Inst religious order left in g country which only 9 fow years ago swarmed with them. Beforo the French occupation of Mexico, it wasesti- mated that the monks, nuns, and other church corporations, owned one-thirdof alltho land in Mexico, and tho best Innds at that; now, with the disporsomont of tho Sisters of Charity, not oneof these socictiesisleft. This governmental crusade against religious ordors will generally appear to be crucl in this country, where there are scarcely ony monks, and whero the nuns, suchas Sisters of Charity and Sistors of Meroy, command respect evon from Protestants for their admirable care of the sick and visiting of the poor. But tho relig- ious orders in Moxico wore very different from anything we havo as yet experienced in this country, Thoy had become an insup- portable burden to the people, They were a treacherous element in politics, and a leprosy in morals. The people bore with them in patiencs, and on account of their devotion to the Roman Church, until they had betray- ed Mexico to the rulo of the Trench. The popular revolution against them began in Moximilian’s time, and has now been com- pleted with their entire extermination. Some members of religious orders which rotained their moral and religious character have emigrated en masse to other countries; but the depravity which had been reached by these olasses is woll illustrated in the circum- stance, told by s correspondent writing from the City of Moxico, that most of the friars have becomo brigands and gamblers, and many of the former nuns are now following an open life of shame. ‘This Mexican war against religious orders is by no means exceptional, It is not even the first timo that it has been found necessary to break them up ina Catholic country, In former times they became so loosa in morals or so dangerous in polities that they fre- quently encountered the opposition of so- elety as organized into government, Franco and Sonthorn Germany were once pretty effectually. scoured of whot had become a moral and sooial pest, and the first Napoleon found some good material for his army in the monasterios, and transformed the idle able- bodied monks into useful soldiers. In later days, Italy has boen compolled to resort to disbandment of the orders and confiscation of thoir proporty in order to protect itself from the great hold which they had acquired on property, libraries, schools, and in othor social and Government matters. DBiswancx has had to drive the Jesuits out of the Gorman Em- pire asthe only safeguard against thoir in. trignes, That such a suporstitious people as the Moxicans should have resorted to this summary revolt against monkiah socioties is, indeed, a remarkable event, ————— if A RUFFLE-SHIRT. Tho Nashville Danner is growling over tho asaumption that, although tho South had for many years the ascondency in the National Councils, the North has always scoured the plunder, Says the Banner: A fow tumblo-down Federal buildings and a gigantlo povorty toll the tale of tho shirt which was all rufle, ‘When we had tho opportunity to feather our nest wo stuck the feathers {n our cap and went bare-logged, Tnatead of building up our cltlos and our railroads, constructing publlo edifices, and opening lines of travel, we wasted our fimo and our talents in decla~ mation, i the politics of that noble bird, the spread. eagle, Wo orated about tho bicasod cotton-bale, Wo sawed tho alr over the cussed African, We failed to foo that the African would take care of the cotton. bale, aad that the cotton-bale would take caro of itself, In the meautimo the ahrawd North, whose policy was ‘ever of the stoop-conquoring sort, pursued the wise policy of the baboon in the menagerie, and kept ite mouth shut, securing what {t could, The point to all this pathetic blather and this melancholy exhibition of tho ruffed shirt without o tail is, that tho “South ” wants an appropriation from the uation for the Texas Paoifio Road, avd offors as one reason why it should have it, that the “North” has ro. ceived 156,000,000 (?) acres of land, against 86,000,000receivad by theSouth, withoutstop- ping to think that 100,000,000 of these acres, like the Northorn Pacific and the Union Pa cific lands, on the barren-plains and deserts, are good for nothing, and wouldn't add even the buttons to the shirt which is all rufile; and furthermore, that the land-granta to the Union Pacifico, and the bond aid to the same, mugt be charged to both South and North, oa it iv not a sectional but a central na tional highway. Thiv, however, does not furnish any good reason why Congross should attach a ehirt-body to the Southern ruffles, If the Nashville Banner doos not cousider i} an fudiguity to its sbirt-rugies, will it plonse tell ua what wonld be the uso of the propesed rond to tho South ? Whom is {t going to henofit? What trade or commoreg ia it going to carry or erento? What harp the arid, waterless, raintess sections through which it will run to soll? What can the; buy? Tow are thoy going to mnko it pay? What inducement ia thero for tho invest. ment? Inthe North, where shirt-ruffles arg not worn, money is mado by making sure that the investment will pay. If tho Bannep can demonstrate that its rnilrond will pay, thero will probably be no objection to attach, ing a magnificont body, sleeves, and tail to itg ruffles, OIVO-SERVICE REFORM IN BRAZIL, The zeal shown for Civil-Service Reform {n this country has been rather too goneral to do much good. “ 'This particular monsure" has always been bitterly opposcd. Tho poll, ticians havo favored the Reform, provided nothing was dono about it, and the poople have waited with their usual dumb pntiengs, Two or threo plans have been proposed, but, os yet, few procedents from other countries have beon quoted. Wy ara gind to be able to do ow part towards remedying tho Intter defect, Brazil is credited, by a recent traveler, with an original mothod of reforming official mal, practice, Tho romedy is applied by the people and is confined to getting bed men out of office, Carpers may style it somewhat lawless, but it is the custom, and the Englis, common Inw is but solidified custom. Tho Reform is conducted in this wise or in this foolish, as the render pleases. ‘When the Brazilian peasant is displeased with an official, he cuts the throat of a he-goat (on the principle of vicarion; ntonement, we presume), and hangs the ani. mal at the door of tho official’s rosidence, with this couplet affixed : —0ld gost, Xarapim, Boware we don't gash you as we've gushed him { Then, if the ‘old goat” does not mend his ways, ho is duly gashed until his thro is past mending. ‘hore aro difficulties in the way of this system, wo mut admit. The supply of he-goats might give out, for one thing, before nlf the gash. able officials had been notified of their mis Qceda, American ingenuity, however, could be trusted to deviso some remedy. A cut. throat enlf could convoy an added hint, and in the rural districts a specimen of the mephitis Americana might odd flavor to ths proceeding. Then, after the lapse of thea. ; lotted number of days, the polica force might have to be doubled in order to pr vent the unseemly spectaclo of a number of young and old officials floeing through the | streots in their efforts to avoid figuring ashe ; goats in the second part of the drama. If | this rough-and-rosdy plan of roform is finally { adopted, it would pay somebody to starta | stock-farm devoted to he-gont-raising. The demand from Louisiana and Arkansas cowl . be reliod upon as an unfailing source of wealth, ‘Mr, Sanrven WizKeson hos been heard from, for the first time since he declared so astutely that the Beeongn-Tinton scandal would ” “knock the ‘Lifo of Christ’ higher ‘an a kite.” He puts in an appenrance in the New York Herald for tho purpose of saying: , To the Euttor of the Herata; t's ‘Tho dispatch to the Herald atating that the chief o» position to the passage of the Texas and Pacific Ail if bill proceeds from the Northern Pacific intorest, and § that Iam the head of this opposition, 1s a misrepresen ation, The Northern Pacific hos not obstructed Mz Scott and will not obstruct him, WasnrnaTor, Jan, 21, 1875, Sastuer Wieexsox, | Now it wasn't necossary for Mr, Wrinrsot to say this, Of course he wouldn't oppoit Mr, ‘om Scorr in his raid upon Congress Mr, Winzson is not that kindof a man. He is not opposed to subsidies, and especiallyis %° he not opposed to railroad subsidies, Mr Witxrson, it will be remembered, was the paid romancer of the Jay Oooxe railrosd [ He was the discoverer of the ‘balmy ise . thermal lino” and “perennial spring” on tho lino of Jax Cooxe’s road. Winxewt would now like to see Mr, Tox Soorr got his ; subsidy, and then lend Mr. Scorr the assist ance of his brilliant imagination and de seriptive pen fora part of that same subsidy. ; ‘Wo haven't a particle of doubt that Mr. Wa ! Reson could discover a “ heavenly isotherm: | al line” and ‘perennial gpring” all along the Texas & Pacifico Rond if Mr, Ton Soort would only employ him for that purpose ats good salary, ‘We print in another part of this morning! paper a short letter nddrossed to the Financier by Sonator Srenwan, of Ohio, in reply? some criticisms which that paper had malt +4 about tho Finance bill which was recently -) passed by Congress, We desira to call par ticular attention to one point which Mn |, Snenman makes, viz,: that whon banks retirt their notes, which they have done and wil do rapidly, this is a reduction of the aggy gate currency, whilo evory issue to new or olt banks involvesarotirement of aratable amoust of United States notes, This is truo, andi gives the bill the power of steadily bringing back the country to a condition for there sumption of specio-payment. Banks mf now retire their currency to any extont!9 which they see fit; and the present high pr mium on bonds will probably induce th present banks to retiro a conaiderable amoust But when these banks desire to roiesue thelt curroncy, they cannot do it without a corte sponding reduction by the Govornment 12 the outstanding irredecmable logal-tendtt notes, Tho retiring of the $82,000,000 ¢f legal-tender may thus he accomplished mut sooner than was anticipated, and, as thi? cannot be reisaued, we shall bo just $82,000" ~. 000 nearer specie-payment than wo aro now Tho letterfrom Col. Tuzopons Yares, whic” wos printed yesterday in Tax Tarnune, settled a long-disputed point in one chapter in the history of the Robellion, viz.; whother th? brave Gen, Lyon met hia death at the hee! of the Iowa troops or of the Kansas troops. ‘The volunteers from both States have claimed the honor, ‘Thero were two gapa in the fi that doy at Wilson's Creck, Gen. Lroviel at the hend of tho First Iowa Voluntecrs whl leading them to cover one of those gtPt ‘The Kansa; troops were drawn on to fill the other gap on the left, and they sup) they were acting under the eye aud ordors of Gen. Lyonin person, Tho fect turns out to bo that Gen, Lion ™ [ alrendy desd at thot time, thong it was not generally known, that Col. Yates, then a Captain ina ‘Missool regiment, who resembled Lyon somewht 2 aizo and looks, naw the wealnoss of the Ph sition, assumed command on the left, anh after tho disastor had boen savod, moved back to hisown rogiment without revoallog identity, ‘This explanation of a mooted 5 tlon will be rocelved with joy from thé viving horoos of that doy. ee Babbatariacter bas invaded the renowned hn of Birmingham, noted for ita cast-iron ue x missionary societies, Brammagem bledes 4 és i