Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 24, 1875, Page 4

nase: 4 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JANUARY 24, 1875.--SIXTEEN PAGES. PREVENTION OF SMOKE. Concluding Report of The Tribune’s Commissionér. Description of the Method of Making Steel in Chicago. Smoke Emitted by the Various Rolling- Mills. Naylor & McGinness’ Smoke-Preventing Apparatus, How it Operates — Successful When Tried. Legislation on the Smoke Question. oy Before giving a description of the examination ‘Sr tise rolling-mills in Chicago, itis necessary, to a full understanding of the subject, togive some account of the process of making iron and Besse- mer stecl rails. On arriving at the works the iron-ore is first broken into smail pieces of 8 moderately uniform size; it is then mixed with the right proportions of fluc ang fuel, and then thrown into a blast-furvace to be amelted acd drawn off into rough sand-molds, tho resultant product being known aa ‘“sofrs” snd ‘ pigs,” tho latter only being sent into market as “ pig- iron.” The flux employed is generally limestone, bat it varies both in amount and kind, ac- cording to the composition of the ora as determined by analysis,—some ores being £0 intimately mixéd with earthy ingre- dieuts 38 to require searcoly any flax; they are then termed ‘‘self-fluxing ores.” The object of a flux is to bring the melting point of the iron down to a pointconsiderably balow that at which pure iron melts, atrd alao by combining with the earthy metallic and other impunties in the ore to form aclag therewith, which floats on the surface of the iron, and protects it from injury by being ovesboatpd, or, technically, “ being burnt.” YIG-METAL * then is: the first merchantable product of iron, aud 16 classified and sold according to the brands cf the makers by which it is produced (esch maker ss arule running continucusly on one kind of mixture of ore), or according to the pur- pores for which itis intended to be used, the rinciy-al varictios being white, gray, end motided. ron which is specially produced far eonversion into Bessemer steel! is called Boesomer pig-metal, and belunge to the gray variety, having 2 loes preportion of carbon than the white metal. If the pig-metal is ot sent into market, but retained for further manufacture, the next atep in the process ia its conversion into ‘WEOUGHT OR MALLEABLE IBON, by which its tenacity, ductility, and generat strength are greatly increased, aud it 1s render- oa malloable or capable of being wrougbt or ‘worked into any forms or shapes under ham- mers, ote. This is offected by placing the pig in sail pieces in a puddling-furnace, where itis gradually redaced by a reverberating flame (i. e., aflame from a fire thich, striking .szainst the roof of the furnace, reverborates or reboands on to the mass of metal lying in the bed of the fur- nace) into aliquid mass. The heat of thefar- pace is then suddenly mcreased bya greater strength of bisst tos white heat, at which tem- perstura the carbon in the liquid mass 1s 8200 entirely barat oat, andthe liquid mass remaining ig mmply elsg, with pasty lumps of wrought, gualleable, or practically pare iron, floating in the Tnidet. These Inmps aro pressed together by the puddler, and, as soon as sulticiently solidified, Bye are ianded out of the turnace in the form ofa BLOOM, token to the steam-hammer or » aqueczer to bs well hammered or squeezed as the caso may be (some manufacturers preferring ono process, and some the other), which serves to free it from most of the slag or “cinder” still contained within it. The bloom, which generully measures rom & to 8 inches square, and from 1¢ to 18 inches long, is then put. through s set of “muex” rolis, by which it is gradually reducod into » love, flat bar, measuring about 4 inches wide by $4 ineh thick. Of sume Very five brauds, this “muck bar,” a8 it is called, ia sent into markets. but in the grest majonty of cases it is rebeated aud worked from two to four times over, sccoriing to the quality or grade of finished product required, into “merchant bars,” known in the marker as squares, pounds, flats, etc. Tbe reheating is eftected in whet are known aa “reheating farnaces,” and the barsare produced by being passed through seta or “ traing” of rolls, which aro grooved on their sur- faces to produce the desired forms. TON RAILS for railroads are produced in precisely the ssme way es ‘merchant bare,” except that instead of a single muck-bar being gradually reduced through the rolls and changedinto the finiened product, a number of bare or ‘elabs” of iton are pound together in a “ pile” almost square in xestion by wire, the top and bottom siats being of a better quality than the centre, as the hezd and foot of arail must be of strouger and etter iron than the central portion. This pile is then passed through the rolls, being heated once or twice during its passage according to re- quirements, and eventually emerges ag 8 dni-hed ru, the ends being sawn off by circular sans, thus leaving the rail generally 30 feet in length. ‘Having now traced iron through the various processes of manufacture from the raw material ‘to the cast muta} and hichest grade of finished product in the wrought rietal, a few remarks are now advigablo as to the YLANT OB MACHINERY, etc., required for the diferent operations men- tioned. First, the blast-furnaces require a powerful set of eppines, to provide the strong Eisst of air biowa into the furnace at a high pressure (in some anthracite fumaces the prepmure ié-as high se 8 to 10 pounds per square ke Inch); aleo, engines are vory often employed to oiet all the ore, flux, and fuel to be charged into the top of the farpace, and these engiacs, of conteo, equire steam from ordinary sieem- oilers. Agziu, the blast of air is, in modezao iron manufectared, almost always heated in cvons before being blown into the furnace, and there ovens are generally heated by the waste gasis from the hiast-fornaces, but not always, 2eia angie exes sufficient gas is pot gonerated to beai bets, ze ovens and tho atesm-boilers for the Mast-engines. In the pnddling-furesces the draft ie in general induced by tall chimney- stacka; but in mauy casce this is supplemented by a smal blower which gives a pressure of bf to V4 pounds per equre inch,—never more than the latter. The flamos and heat of @ puddling-fnrnace are produced by a fire built ong fire-grate at the front end of the farnace. ‘The various trains of rolls are all driven by powerfal engines which require steam provided 4rom ordinary steam boilera. These bo:lers are jn many casea heated by the waste gases from. tho pudding or re-heating furnaces. A re-beat- ing furnace is very similar in form to a puddliog furnace. but has a rather larger bed, and nsea much less fuel. ‘The reader will now see the reason for intro- ducing thie description of the process of iron manufacture into a series of articles on the Prevention of smoke, 2nd also their peculiar relevancy in regard to the prevention of smoke in Chicego where there aro at least four large estabLshments, the North Chicago Rolling Malls, Tnion Holling Mills, Chicago Plate and Bar Com- pany, und Chicago Steam Forge Works, ali en- gaged in the maoufactore of iron into a mer- chantavle product, ana two of them in-its con- yersfon into steel rails, and all sitaated well within tho city oS. It in next necessary for the reader to under stand the production of steel by tho BESSIMER PROCESS. _ Beenmer pig metal is thrown iv with « certain proportion of charcoal iron (which is pig-iron gracited from a very pure ore by charcoal cooly) and the necesaary coke, into cupola farnaccs wherein it 1s melted, and ran thenco into s large Converter, Which in & pear-shaped veeeel wilh moveable bo:tem, the bottom boing pierced with anumber of small holes or nozzles. Into this converter sir at avery high pressare (25 ponnda to $0 pounds per square inch) ia blown through the porforated botvom, znd, forcing ita wsy up- wares through the bubbling and sarping mass “of iolten iron, it ignites and ezrries of with it fll the carbon and somo meiala, lating nothing but practically pore iron. tebind, @nd ihe ruses 4s then ready for the addition of the spiege- ‘This epeigeleisen is & peculiar-looking kind of pig-iron, which whea fractured shows large wnirror-like (spirye ia German for mirror) “sar faces of crystalization, and is only made a Germany mm (Ome containing & considerable percentage of mangancse and a eertain amount of carbon. Thefe is au ore of a similar nature (bot containing in addi- tion some zinc) found in Now Jersey, but so far pig-metal made from this ore, called “franklin- Ite,” bas not been able to compete successfully with the imported epiegeleisen in the manufao- ture of steel by Bessemer’s process. The “spiegel” ig melted in a reverberating furnace, and after all the carbon has been blown or burot out of the iron in the converter the melted “apiegel” is then poured in, and the steel is thus made. ‘The converter is then again tipped, and its contents poured into a large ladle euy ported by arevolring platform, which through a hole in the bottom fills each of the ingot-moulds succes- sively, arranged as they arein a semi-circular row. After tae ingots are cooled sufficiently they are lifted out of the pit by acrane, and car- ried off to the “blooming” train of polls and stesm-hammer, being heated again during the process of tolling and hammering ia reheat- ing farnaces. Being thus. converted from an ingot in two “or three Blooms, according to size, they are ready for the rail-train of rolls through which they pass in precisely the eame way asin the manufacture of iron rails. The operations of tipping the converters, removing and inecrting bottoms (which have to be repaired after cach heat) to the same, moving the ladle from tho ingot-pit, and lifting the ingots out of tho pit, are all per- formed by hydraulic pressure, the water bemg ‘used in general at a prossuro of about 750 pounds per square inch. The blast for the con- verters 18 given by powerful blast-ongines, sup~ plied with steam from ordinary steam-boilers: these boilers also giving steam for working tho Lydraulic pumps. The blast for the cupola fur- naces and reheating furnaces is given by engines driving four blowers, the necossary steam being supplied in most cases by boilers heated by the waste gascs from the reboatiog turnaces. § Tits same boilers, as arule, provide s:eam for the steam-bammer and for the engines driving the trains of rolls, ete. It will bo eecn from the above description that large amounts of the WASTE PROBUCTS OF COMBUSTION eeczpe into the open air both from iron and stecl worse, and in any city troubled with smoke nuisance in which euch establishments nro lo- cated it becomes an important question how far and how much such works are to be credited with its prodaction, and slso when satisfactorily proved that they do add their quota (and in most cases & very large one) to this nuisance to what extent it is possible to abate or preventit. Io the progress made ia iron and stecl motallarzy daring the Jast twenty yoara, much advance has been made in regard to economy of the fucl re- quired in the various steps of the processes em- ployed, and this question of smoke prevention, though not receiving, at least in this country, direct attention as rogerds iron and uteel works, is now, by reagon of recent inventions, in A more manageable condition than ever before. That is to eny, the statement made in tho first of theso articles, that economy of fuel and prevention of smoke are synonymons, holds equally true of iron and steol, maaufacture as of the use of steam boilers simply for the purpose of heating buildings and providing steam for driving en- gines, elevators, otc. ‘Tracing the various points in the process of manufacture at. which com- bustion of fuel occurs, the first to come under our notice is that of the blast-furnace. From this, io all proporly-designod irou-works, there is no emoke-nuicance, for the tops of the furoacoe are covered, and the cases lod off therefrom to be burnt nuder the boilers which supply steam to the blast-furnaces, acd to heat the ovens which euppls hot air for tho fornace-blast resultant prodtict of this combustion is mora than steam, as may be sson by any one in- terested who cares to examine that ining from foetal chimney at the North Chicago Kolling- fille, THE NEXT POLYT in the process is that of pudaling, where in most iron works a large amonnt of smoke issues fram the chimney-stack. All the four works which have been Mentioned are more or lesa offenders in this respect, but not groater offenders than thos yast majority of iron worss all over the country. At this point, too,:howerer, invention has mado progress, and a peculiar form of firo- grate, which wus introduced and applied to pud- Gling farnaces speciully to economize fuel, bas proved almost equally eficacions in preventing Smoke; thia grate is equally applicacle to the reheating furcaces, which are simost identical in constraction with paddling furnaces, and which produce, 28 & rule, almost 28 much smoke. In Bessemer steel- making «ne only point where combustion occns differing from those already mentioned is the procees of blowing air into the iron in the con- verter to burn up all the carbon contained there- in, From this a trameadons body of mixed gases rushes outthrough sfannel and chimney iatothe open air, Not much smoke results from this procesa, however, 28 the carbon, by reason of tho groat heat of the gases, bee been nearly ell consumed; it may be remarked hora, however, that some economy could apparently be effected by using the gases evolved from the converter in raising the steam for the Liowing engives, as in the case of the blast furnaos, but, so far as the writer is aware, this haa never yet baom at- tempted, and, in the opinion of the Manager of ihe Steel Denartmentat the North Chicezo-ALilis, it is not feasible. From the foregoing statemente it is apparent that no injustice would be done in applying with equal force to the iron and steel works locsied ia any city the eamo logislation against emoke nuisance aa may be adopted in the caso of all other manufactories and places where steam is used. ‘Tho firet visit was paid to the NORTH CHICAGO NOLLING-211LL8, whose maximum ennna! production is 35,000 tons of steel raile and $he same amount of iron raile. ‘The total production for the year 1874 was 50,000 tone. The tote! number of engines of all kinds in the whole establisha.ent ia thir:y-nine, and of boilers sixty-eight; and of thease sixty-eight only thirty-treo are heated by waste gxsos— twelve of them by those from the blast furnacee and twenty-one from the rebeating furuaces; the remaining thirty-five boilers may all be con- sidered a9 adding a considerable amount to the smoke nuisance of the city. Pittsburg coal is used throughout, and, when ranning full, 1,200 men sre employed. The conclusion arrived at, therefore, after a careful examination of these works, is, that when running full, all the twenty- two reheating farnaces, twenty puddling fur- maces, and thirty-five boilera, will add very ma- tenally to the smoke nuisauce. The next visit ‘was paid to the UNION ROLLING-MILLS. In these works iron and steel-rails both are manofactured, asin the North Chicago Mills, but the bituminous Bessemer pig metal 1s maou- factored at this Company's coal-mines in In- diaus, and made from Miseonrioros, and snipped thence to the works. There is but one roiling- mill, which is used either for iron or stoel, a8 oc- easion may require, and its capacity is sbout 3,009 tone of rails per month; at present they ere running exclusively on iron-rails whife tho atoel plaut is being overhauled. Tho Secretary informed the writer that as regards prevention ‘of smoke the Company bed tried many schemes (having specially for their object economizing fuel), bat that nope nad proved a success. ‘Iho same romarks spply to these works in regard to smoke prevention asto the North Chicago Roll- ing-Dlills, and algo to the Chicago Steam Forge Works, which, though not visited by the wnter, bear abundant exterual evidence of waste of fuel and copious production of smoke. The next placa visited was the CHICAGO PLATE AND RAR NOLL, where are manufactured wrought-iron boiler and other plates, sheet, merchant-bars, and gal- vanized iron; st preseat the galvanizing depart- meut is not runn There are six beating furnaces, two for plates, oné ball furnace, one pair farnace, and two large sunealing farnaccs, -hnd three single padding furnaces in vss. ‘There are also two: knobbling fires for making the best brand of chsrooal faggote, and two more are about to be added. Thore ia a battery of threa steam boilers, esch measuring 4 feot in diameter by 28 feet long, fired with Indisna biock cosl in the usual way, and three boilera fired with waste gases from the puddling far- nacer, and one fired with gases from the ball, fornvace; all four are 43 inches io diameter.’ These boilers provide steam for threo steam engines of 300 horee-power and two of 25 horse- power, which drive three ects of rola in one train, the soft rolls, three-high, and two- high rolls, ead one train for muck bars, algo six shearing-machines for scrap, shest, plate, and muck bars. All tho heating and pud- dling furnaces, with tho exception of an anneal- ing furnace, are arranged on (he patented prin- ciple of the President of the Company, which sunply consists in introducing air az the bridze, and the following statemonts in regard to con- ion of fucl are here given as they were mada by him to the writor. The heating fur nacea use 600 pounds of coal per ton of iron, and the puddling furnaces 1,500 pouads per ton of iron. The cspacity of » heating furnace from six to eight tons of iron per diem, and of puddling furnace 2,500 pounds of iron per diem. The consumotion of the battery of three boilors in Give to exght tons per diem of Indiana block coal; Pittsbarg or Dunville coal is naed through- out the remainder of the works. The number of men employed is 100. There is a considera- Ble amount of smoke evolved by these works chiefly from the battery of boitars; doutt- lesa, if te paddling and reheating furnaces were carafnlly worked, but little emous should fesne from thelr ahisaney-stack; but, jodging from iter does net teal resent appearances, the wri Wvengly fustfied ik eooamis oar atruction of furnace as athoronghly efficient system for the prevention of smoke. ~The list of the iron and steol works of Chicago is cuncinded by mention of the name ol the un- fortunate JOLIET IRON AND STEEL WORES, | whose sileut and lifeless furnaces atand on Archer avenue, opposite the last named. No visit was paid fo them, however, as the prospect of immedizte resumption of work was not ap- parent. The reader is now, therefore, in pos- Session of all the facts regarding the iron and ates! works of Chicago, as thoy are reiated to the smoke nuisance, and we will now give some brief consideration to the ‘THEORY OP COMBUSTION, . and close by recommending to publio attention such of the various echemes for smoke-preven- tion as have been found in succegeful nse in the city, and which agree with tho demands of 8 theory that is now well known. First, a fow words agto the necessity ot careful stoking. Very much of the smoie nuisance iw" prevaleut in this city, could, most decidedly iv it stated, bo removed by more careful stoking. . Careless stoking seems the rule, and careful stoking the exception, throughout the city, aud it is decided- Jy tothe advantage of all steam-users that they pay more attention to this matter. Just at this point the wordsof a very able contemporery Come in very apropos: ‘The attention paid ‘to this work (etoking) by the men so employed, indeed their very fit- ness for it, is so often deficient, that we wonder grester attention has not long ago been called toit. Let coal-users begio to recognize ‘atohing’ a8 8 something not to bo Gone by every laborer who offers bis services, bat rather a8 2 kind of skilled labor to be well paid for, and they will soon effect a saving alike pleasing aud sarprising to themselves.” _ ‘The question of the perfect combustion of cosl is simply one of introducing tho rieht amount of air into the gases evolved from. the coal at the right porioda during its combustion. Coal itself 18 not combustible, Lut, on the ap- Pligation of sufficient beat, it gives off gases Wich are combustible, and when intimste.y mixed with air burn readily through chemical union with the oxygen of thoair. The products of perfect combustion of coal gas aro steam, carbonic acid gas, ammonia, and certain o:her compounds witch if is unnecessary to particurar- ize hore, If the comoustion is only partial or imperfectly effected, there is, in addition to the above-named gases, carbonic oxide gas and solid ceatbon, and there appeais in such case thag sab- ‘stance known as smoke. Carbonic oxide iss gas combustible at alowor tomperature than coal gas, and, therofore, if suck escapes up the chim- bey, there is an abaolute luas of the heat-siving properties of tho fuel consumed. Smoke is eim- ply small, very minutely-divided particles of car- bon diffased through a large amouat of watery vapor or steam, and whon once formed, it 1s im- possible to bura it, for cacboa is only combas:i- ble when iu the form ef 3 gas, as carbonic oxide orearburroted hydrogen. On this account wo have alwara been particular 1n writing of the praven- tion of smoke.for the combustion of smoxe, though often spoken of, ig simply au impossi- bility. Tho quantity of air required for com- picte combustion: of the gases evolved is very Eroat, no less than ten tines tao volume.at ordi- Bary yorporatuce of tho gus conzomed, and hence it will be at once seen that it is impossible to in- troduco a snfficient quantizy into the furnacs through the fira-door or ash-pit alone. Again, it ig necessary that the sir introduced should Lave free and perfect acoeea co overy particle or alo of the gages cvolved f:om the coal in order thas a porfect chemical union may take place botwoen them, and this can best bo effected by introducing it in’s numper of small jets rather than ino thick stream. It should also he remarked that too much air introduced into a furnace will have the same effct as too small a qnantiy, viz.: the production of smoke and carbonic oxide. ‘From the remarks which have heou made ro- gardiug the theory of combustion it will bo seen tuat any system for the perfect prorention of smoke requires thst air shall be introduced at the bridge-wall of & farnace, 18 well ag through the fire-oors. ‘This is very effectually accoin- plished by the Smoke Preventing Apparstus of WILLIAM NAfLOR AND OORUELIUS M'GINNIS8, which hag alzeady been brieily alluded to in our statement of tae detailed examiustion of the boilers at Messors. Field & Leiter's wholesale and relail stores. ‘The principle cousists in in- troducing the air requisite for mixing in the right proportions with ail tho eombustiole casos ‘volved from the coal, both through the fire ‘door and nsh-pit door in frout of the furnace, and through the bridge-wall back of tho furpsce. ‘The fire-door cpening, instead of boing closed with the ordinary fire-door binged on the side, 1s oponed or closed to any desicad extont by Lent plate, hinged on its apper edge to the front of the boiler. By means of a bent rod or lever this Gre-door opening can be regulated 80 ax to allow a thin or thick stream of air, according to re- quirements, to pass over the surface of the blazing foal, and combine with the gasos evolved from the froat portion of the coals upon tho fire-grate. ‘Tho fire-prate is laid rather higher at the back than im front, which promotes en intimate union be- twoen the air admitted af tie fire-door and the gases evolved from the burning coals. This 1s aided by a deflecting arch of brickwork which is built up against the bottom of the boiler at » place over the middle of the Sxe-gate, and which gerves to deflect downwards upon tao burning fuel any heated air which may have risen up to the bottom of the boiler. ‘Ine upper part of the bridge-wall 1s hollow, and formed of iron platos, which at the back are sloping and perforated, for the whole longth of che wall, with no- merous holes, Into this hollow bridge-wall the air enters from the ash-pit, and, paseing through tho perforations at the back, intimately mixes with auch gases as are still nnconsumed au they paus over the top of the bridge-wall. As the current of air enteriug tbroagh this bndge- wall iain general very strong, # deflecting arch of brick-work similurto thst in front of tio bridge-wall is placed behind it, ind st a distance from it equal to that of the arch in front of the wall. As the current of air impinges against this arch it ia again deflected downwards aod intimately mixed with such gases as aro still unconsumed, which. by reason of such mixture, are thoroughly burnt, The depth of the com- bustion-chataber just behind the bridge wall is greater than in most boilera, which sllows the heated gases to assume their proper rolling mo- tion the same a6 may bave been observed in the caso of smoke, this motioh bringing every por- tion of the heated gases iu turn against tho bot- |. tom of the boiler. “a8 & smoke-preventeryand 2s a fuel- economizer this apparatus is very succossful ; experiments made in the presence of the writer proved that perfect control couid be had over the amount of smoke produced simply by adjusting the moveable fire-door, and, as re- gards economy of fuel,the writer made inquiries at the State Mills, where the apparatus is in use, aud heard that it had been put in by the invent- ors with a nteed saving of 20 por cent, and that recently the owners of the milis had paid for tho same in full,—a saro proof that this sav- ing had been effected. The work done at those mills by the two boilers (esch measuring 16 feet long by 4 foct 6 inches diameter) is driving with steam at 45 pounds pressure, an engine with eyimder 30 inches diameter, and 4 fect stroke, runuing 56 revolutions per minute, and a large pump 14 inches diameter by 90 inches stroke. Before Naylor and McGinnis’ ap- paratus waa fixed to the boilers the production of the mills was 140 barrela of flour per diem, vow it is 225 barrels; one-fourth more wator is evaporated from the boilers (they now evaporate 9 pounds of water per pound of fuel burnt); an even sunply of steam is obtained, ‘hich before was not the case, and there is abyo- lutely no trouble from clinkers on the fire-grato. ‘Vhe engineer himsolf cortifies to & saving of at jeast 15 per cent, and this he expecta to tod in- oceased after exhaustive experiments. The con- sumption is ten tons por day of twenty-four hours of Wilmington coal. By way of gottiog farther data of the relative economy with or without Naylor's. apparatus, the following ex- tracta are madé from Tug Tatuxe of Dec. 27, 1874. The average consumption of .coal for twonty-four hours was, at the American Express Building, 6,794 ‘pounds; McCormick Block, 4, pounds; Republic Life Baild- ing, 6,000 pounds; at Fiold & Leiter's wholesale store (boilers fitted with Naylor's apparatus) average consumption per diem for the month of December, 127: was 9,379 pounds, and for the whole year 1974 it was 6,507 pounds, the general average 9,000 pounds. ‘Taking one-half this amount, or 4,200 pounds, asconsumed in heating the building, the remainder, 4.500 pounds, is used in driving the aix elevator engines in the build- ing, say 750 pounds per engine. In the American Expresa bnilding, allowing 750 pounds .to be burnt in running the elevator, thore is 6,044 pounds left in heating a building which ig much a than that of Field & Leiter's, say four-fifths the size; of consumption as Field & this would require 3,600 pounds of coal, so that in this case there is a balange of 6,014 ounds, lesa 8,600 pounds. or 2,414, in favor of Field & Leiter's boilers. Again, deducting 750 pounds for the consumption af the elevator ab the McCormick Pluck, we bave 3,450 pounds as used in heating the building: supposing too amount of heating required equala eue-half that ef Field & Leiter's wholesale store, it would uso 2,250 pounds of coal, this again showing in favor of Field & Leiter's boilers by 1290 pounds, ‘These figures all show strongly in favor of Nay- ler & UcGinnias’ apparatus as a fuel-economiser. 45 A SHOKE-PREVENTER, the writer cax certify a8 to its success from per- sonal observation, 2nd confirmatory information en this paint comes froin Lise Pack, where a boiler is in use for supnlying the dummy which rons between Hyde Park Village andthecity limits, with steam at 150 !hs pressure per square inci, On establishment of the boiler at this place, the surrounding citizens petitioned strongly sgainet it, on account of the emoke nuisance thoy ex- pected it to engender, but when fitted with { Kavlor’s apparatus all’ objection was removed, as it worked with porfeot success, and no smoke trouble was experieuced. On all theso grounds then,-the writer cordially indorses the decision of the Smoke Committee of the Citizens’ Associa- tion, who have lately recommonded Naylor & McGinnis’ apparatus as the most successful in uso in this city. OTHER SNOKE-PREVENTIVE APPARATUS in use in this city, which came under the notice of the writer, aro Smith's, Woodson’s, Ford's, Fox’s, and Griffin’s, of which perhaps Ford’s and Woodson'’s are the best, but neithor of them is so thoroughly satisfactory in its action as that of Naylor & Maginnis’. Ford introduces air tohis furnace through a perforated bridge-wall only. Woodson partially cokes his coal on an inclined firo-grate before pushing it forward into the hottest part of the fire. This grate is rather awkward to cuargo with fuel as Bt present deaigoed, but asmall modification of design will doubtleas overcome this. ‘With regard to LEGISLATION 5 on this matter of smoke prevention, the chief principle to be regarded in framing any ordi~ hance or ordinances ia, that it becomprehensive, bearing with equal forco, as far as possible, on all clazaes of the community, and thorough. Let oo half messnrea be adopted; this fault has proved in many instances the sole reason of the complete failure of much well-intended but weak legislation in the matter of the smoke- puisancs, It fas been clearly shown in these articles that n — ‘ustico will bo done to auy one class of mannfu. .rers or other steam uxers, in framing legislation to oblige every steam-user ‘so to manage or build his furvaces as to prevent smoke ; therefore, lot auch legislation be enacted speedily, yet with good judgment, and pressod, when once framed, with firmoces and cousist- ency. All reforms, of whatevor naturo, aro mot with opposition at their mception, however well calculated they may be to effoct tho object sought, and in this case we may expect at firat Joud outcries from probably the majority of steam-users in this city against the expense to which they will bo put in altering their furnaces, and repeated assertious that all attempts which have heretofore been made, in any city and in any country, to deal with the ‘smoke nuisance, have one and all_proved fail- urea, notably so in Great Britain. Let not the public be deosived by such statements, for they are not true. In thocase of Great Britain, much smoke is undoubtedly to be seen hanging over every town ond city, but itis empbatically true that the largost portion of this arises from private dwollings, uct from monufxctorios. Sinco the enforcement of the provisions of the Smoke-Prevention acts, the former nuisanzo, arising from the chimnoys of manufactories hay very largely decrcased,—in fact, been almost abated ; bat tho chimpoys of all dwelling-bouses in which bimminous or soft coal is solely used atill send forth their black votamos of smoke, and, until legislation is extendod to them, this will continue to be tho case. But in this city, and America generally, hard coal is al- mos: entirely ecnployed in houvea, and even if! soft coal is occasionally used in tho stoves, tho smoke arising thorefrom is but alight, owing to tho fact that the procass of combustion in a stove includea a kind of coking or semi-coking operation which evables all the gases evolvod to be burnt. In Great Brtaic, therefore, smoke- preventive legislation, to bs thoroughly effecti should ba extended to private dwellings ; in Chi- cago, it is only neceézary to include manufac- tories, hotels, and offive buildings. ‘We are glad to see that the Citizens’ Associa- tion, by the appointmont of a Smoke Committes, is moving in earnest in this mater Let a'] cit- ixenuof Chicago, who have their own and the cits’ intorest at heart, give them their heattiest support and eucouragement. FOREIGN. Two Proclamations from the New Spanish King, He Will Fight for His Rights and De- fend Those of the Church. Full Amnesty Offered to All Who Give in Their Adherence, War Still Imminent Betweon Turkey and Montenegro, SPAIN. ALPHONSO'S GREETING TO THE CONTINENTAL SOV- EREIONS. Bex, Jav. 28.—A courier has arrived in this city, bearing an antograph letter from King Al- phonso to the Emperor William. Ue has sim- iar letters for the Emperor of Austria and King of Italy. ROYAL PROCLAMATIONS. Mapnrrp, Jap. 23.—King Alphonso issued two two proclamations to-day. One addressed to the inhabitants of te Basquo Provinces and Na- yatre. In thie che King sove he longs for peace, but will fight for hia mghts; that he is the repregentatives of the dynasty which their fathers swore toobsy; that heisa Catholic, and will see that full justice is aesin done to the Church; that if thoy will lsy down their arms they will sce prosperity ro- vive, snd will regain tho freedom they onjoyed under Queen Isabella, Ho offers full amnesty to all who comply witb his terms. The other proclamstion is addressed to the army, from whom the King demands abnogation and energy. CUBA. EXILED SIBTSRS OF CHARITY, Havana, Jan, 23.—Ono huudred and forty- eight Sistera of Charity oxpelled from Mexico have arrived here en ronte to France. Alphonso’ wea, oficully proclaimed King of Spain to-day by Capt.-Gon. Goncha. a ITALY. THE COMING SESSION OF PARLIAMENT, Rome, Jan. 23.—The Italian Parliament will reassemble on Monday. Gen. Garibaldi, one of the Daputios, is reported xt Civita Vacchia, to- day, where preparations havo been made to give hima reception. —— THE FURCO-MONTENEGRIN DIFFICULTY. ARMY MOVEMPNTS. ‘Vrexna, Jan. 23.—Tho Montenogrin Govern- ment bas ordered ita subjosts abroad to return bome. ‘Twelve thousand troopa bave been or- dered to the frontior. OCEAN STEAMSHIP NEWS. New Yons, Jan. 23,—Arrived, steamship City of New York. Railroad Frauds in funzary. All tho railroad frauds in the world are not perpetrated in tho United States, as some people suppose. Ths mauazer of the Lemberg Czern- switz Railway Company in Hungary las been Getected in a series of swindles acainst the Com- pany, amounting to several hundred thousand dollars. A plot bas also been detected on an- other Huvgarian railroad company, to defraud it by printing aud issuing forged coupona of the preferred ls. The plot was adroitly worked, ‘and based on the calculation that there are always coupons which are not presonted at tho time thoy become due. A Mixed-Up Ror. Nesrto Colombo, io Iodia, a snake, seeing » parrot in a cago, had mode ite way toa place where it could maxe au 2ttack upun the parrot. Achild, seeing this, and not tories the dan- gar, grasped the snake by the tail, while the soake and the t attacked ench other. Just then an elder slater, observing the littie ene in unger, suatchod tho child away, and, in 80 do- ing, polled the soalte out of the cago. At this moment a aog came up, sad among thom all they soon disprtched the snake, Tho dog, the anake, and the narrot all died from the affects of the encounter, but neither of the girls received any injury. —_>—__—_- 6 Police !?> From the Dulias (fex.) Commercial, Achap was secon flying down the streets of Granbury, 2 few days ago, his coat-tail stream- ing in the wind, and lustily yelling, ‘+ Polico! olice 1” At his beols was aman with a huge wic-rnife, Innging xt him at a fearfol rate. As the pursuer wot make ® paas with the knife, the paraned would yoll out ‘ Police!” ‘The only policeman m the town wan the one with the bowie-knite. The hap liad ike “ go- Hine” nearer than he wisked. WASHINGTON. What Has Been Accomplished by ithe Pacific Mail In- vestization. Senator Harlan Comes Out in a Card of General Denial, A Rule to Be Adopted to Prevent Filibustering in the House. What Remains to Be Done by Congress Before Adjournment. PACIFIC MAIL, WILLY THM RECKNT INVESTIGATION MAS DEMON- STRATED. Special Dispatch to The Chicaao Tribune, Wasmorox, D. C., Jan. 23.—Tne net result of the investigation in the Pacific Mail corrup- tion thus far is tho essnred belief that s large amount of money was expended upon Congress, and the conviction that it will bo impossible to prove that Congresamen were brib CARD FROM EX-SENATOR HABLAN, Ex-Senator Harlan, through the Washington Chronicle, of which he is a leading stockholder, makes the following oficial denial of Irwin's statement that Harlan, togethor with Daniel Drew, constituted the Mothodist boar movement in Pacitic Mail stock, aud were silenced by the payment of $35,000 by Irwin, through ex-Pout- master-General Randall, The Chronicle says: ‘Mr. Harlan never said to anybodyithat he would con- trol six votes, or any other number of votes, except his own vote in the Senate, on this or any other question ; that he never sent or received any telegram or tele- grams to or froin Daniel Drew or any body else, in or out of New York, on the subject of the passags of this Dill; that he hsd'no knowledge of any combination of any sort to either defest or to secure the passage of tho bill, and that he steadily opposed its passage by apeeches and by hig votes all the ‘way through from the commencement of the discussion to its close, as will be fully shown by reference to the official records in the Oongressfonal Gluoe. eit REPUBLICAN CAUCUSES. PROPOKED RULE TO CHECKMATE TRE DEMOCRATS IN THE DOUSE. Spectal Dispatch to Phe Chicage Tribune. ‘Wasm1noTox, D. C., Jan. 23.—The House Re- publican cancus to-vight sat two hours. The only result was that a rosolntion was passed to ‘4 effect thas the rales shall be anspended Afon @/ anda now rule adopted which will facilitute ..s transaction of public busmess. The effect of the proposed now rala is to prevent the Dem- ocrats from filibustering. The latter haye al- ready given notice thet they will filibuster to the end of the eession if necessary to prevent the Houso from reading the Civil Rights bill. Under the present role it is quite possible for a determined minor- ity to preyont even ‘a two-thirds majority from shaping legislation or giving expression to ita views. ‘The proposed rule is designed to prevent this, and to avoid waste of the thirty-five re- maining days of tho session ip useless, dilatory motions. ‘Thore was some general debate upon the Southern situation, but the only result reach- ed was that above indicated. REPORLICAN SENATORIAL CAUCUS. The Senste Republican caucus lasted three hours, The principal subject of discussion was the bill for the admission of Colorado as a State. There was a majority in favor of the bill, and, owing to the scanty attendance of Senaters, the final decision was postponed to an adjourned caucus. The New Mexico bill was not consid- ered. There was no further action or debate upon the general Louisians situation or the Pinchbacx case. The question of transporta- tion was briedy discussed, aud also postponed to au adjourned caucus. 110 the Associated Press, Wasmsron, D. C., Jan. 23.—The Repub- Iican Senators held a cancns to-day, which con- tinued for several hours, The chief topic of discussion was the condition of the South; but, there being conflicting views, no result was reached, ‘The caucus, instesd of giviog expression to views’ on the Louisiana question, agreed to await the action of the Committea on Elections on the Pinchback credentials, ane will therefore be governed in the Senate by the Committee's re- port, Some of the Senators say there is no escape from the present difticultica in that Siato except by remanding it to a ter- ritorial condition. is means they could avoid the complications growing cnt of the official recognition of the Kellogg Government, and open a way by which order may eventually be restored. Others thought a atronger hand ought to be stretched toward the several Southern States, otherwige there might be anarchy. There were opinions different from these expreesed by the more Con- servative, All seemed to comprebend the diti- cnities of the situation, but there was no dia- tinetive plan formally presented as a moaaure of roliet. THE HOUSE OAUCUB. ‘Thore was large attendance at the House Republican caucus to-night, and a geuoral dis- eassion as to what was best to be done in view of the present condition of the South, ‘but none of themessures reported at the previous caucus were acted upon. Finally a resolution was adopted placing the power of passing all public acts with the majority’ of the House. A ‘renolution for this purpose will proba- bly be introduced in the House on Monday, and when sdopted will havo tho effect of evading the two-thirds rule as to public acts, including’ the civilrights, the more energetip enforcement of the rotective laws in the South, and authorizing the President to suspond the writ of :. beas corpus in cortain cases, together with ot. .r measures which have been the subject of consideration by the caucus Committee. The proceedings aro represented to have been harmonious, and tho result entirely satisfactory. ° eae CONGRESS BEHINDHAND. WORK TO BR DONE. Special Dispateh to The Chicage Tribune, Wasanoron, D. 0., Jan. 23.—Congress is pro- ceeding vory slowly with its work. There now remains but thirty-five more legislative days, and the majority of the appropriation bills have te bo passed. Three bills bave passod both Housce, and the Sonate is waiting for other bills from the House. The Indien bill, which was juat completed inthe Houre, bas to be gone through agein on account of the mischievous Choctaw olaim. The Senate wal probably dovote much of next week to the debate on Louisiana. The order of spoeches on Lonisisus in as follows: Sonator Johnson, of Virginia; Senator Pease, of Mississippi; Senator Conkling; Seuator Gordon, of Georgia, It is expected that these speaxera will occupy the floor until Wednesday night. ‘The bills for the reimposi~ tion of texation promise to ocenpy a good deal of timo. ‘The legistation upon the general Southern qnostion, and the dobntes npon the reports of the Southorn Investigating Committee, also cceupy much time. It can bo reasonably expected that the sessions from tho Ist of Febroary to tne 4th of March will be long, ex- citing, and dacgerous. THE LOBBY. The chiof reliance nowof Tom Scott and oth- ers who have similar schemes, is in the haste aod beat of thectosing hours of thescasion. Thsy hope then to bo able fo pross their bills through Congress with little debate. Their substantial work ia now being accompliehed through com- mittces, and in private conferences with mem- bers. Notwiths.anding the confidence of Scott and his fellows, it does not seem probable that their plan ean sucesed. =~ Ee THE LOUISIANA PROBLEM. A CONSERVATIVE PROPOSITION. Bnecial Dispatch to The Chicags Tribune, Wamunator, D. C., Jan, 23.—Louisiana Con- servatives, through their representatives here, have presented their draft of a compromise to Senator Morton, and through him to other Re- publican Senators. There is nothing to indicate whethor the pian will receive any consideration, and it in certain that the Republican majority in both Houses will welcome auy suggestions which promise to relieve the Adminisiration of ita present embarrasament, mnd bo asgaro & porms- mont peace in that State. Tt has been discovored that the Conservatives in the Louisiana Leguslature still havo it in their power to CHECKMATE THE KELIOGO LEGISLATURE and practically to dnatroy ths Kellogg Govern- ment. The Constitution of Lonisiana provides Rhat the ragalar appropriation bits foe tate dae penses cannot be passed except by recorded two-tainds vote in both branches of the Lezicla- ture. Under the present orzanization of the State Government, every officer, oven ta Justice of the Pesce, draws his salary from the State Treasury. Unless this two-thirds yote can be obtained no appropriations will be mado for aalarios for the current asd coming years, and no provision will be made forthe collection of taxes. Itis not within the power of tho Kellogg Legislature to compel the at- tendance of the absent Democratic mem- bers who re necessary to mae the two-thirda mejority. This dilemma bas become & very serious one, and haa beon called to the attention of the aathorities here. If the proposition of the Con- servatives is accented, a guarantee is offered that the absent Democratic members will im- mediately take theirseats in the Kellogg Legis- lature, nod furnieh the necessary two-thirds for the appropriation bills. ‘Ihe reports from New Orleans indicate thst the Kelloze Government iu already severely embarrassed for want of fonds. ¢ ‘THE ISSUES INVOLVED. Special Correspondence of The Chicago Tribune. New Ontrans, Jan. 20.—Between the stern logic of events and tho logic of Sheridan’s incon- trovertible facts, the public has awakened at last to at least a partial realization of the Louisiana caso as it is, Thereisa seemiog conviction that, with all the literal world of matter that has been presented in the premises, the caso, at best, has been but imperfectly understood. It may be well, indeed, that’ the awakening has been fraught with no more serious consequences than it has. It would seem, on the other haud that littie short of s national calamity could arouse the public at large to anything like » proper understanding of tho issues involved. Those issues, as must begin to be apparent, in- yolve, practically, the whole of the igsues of ‘THE WAR FOR THE UNION. Ip it, as underlying the whole, was the question of the rights of the majority, as opposed to the claims of the minority. It is at once the issueof all others, ag seou in Louisiana, Shall the ma- jority, or shali the minority, rae? Shall ap in- disputable minority, again defeated at the polls, bo allowed a resort to revolution? Is the doc- trine of revolution, in fact, to be recoguized as anestablished principle in American politics ? Are the American people a Nation, or a more compact of Sovereign States? ‘There isno possible evasion of the issnes ax presented. Systematically and persistently cloaked, aa they have been throagh the whole of this unhappy controversy, they are palvable enough at last, To claim thatthe McEnery faction represents a majority of the legal voters of Louisiana, is to give the lie at once to all the unmistakable figures in the case. Ansthing like an honest investigation must demonstrate, be- yond all eavil, a Republican majority of st least 15,000 or 20,000 legal votes. The fact that the most of these voters ero black, so far from de- tracting, rather adds to the merits of the case, as opposed to the claims f the Democracy. It involves at onco the issue of the practical invalidation of tho Constitutions! Amendments. To invalidate the Constitutional Amenamonts, as all must con- cede, is to abandon the whole of the ismes of -the War. It is to give up ali the recognized safeguards as reared by tho poople of the Na- tion, and eoncede the War for the Union to have been worse than = failure. And yot_it is upon the conetitational right of the col- dred man to a vote, and the power of the Gen- eral Government, expressly provided for in these Constitutional Amendments, for the enforce- ment of such constitutional right, that hangs the whole of the issues as between Kellogg and McEnery. ‘Admit the righta of the biscks as voters, as expressly secured in these Constitutional ‘Ameudmenta, and you admit, in the election of 1872, an INDISPUTABLE MAJORITY FOR TUS REPUBLICANS. There can be no possible claim for McEnery & Co. in the premises, save as basedin fraud and intimidation, They are placed at once in a de- cided minority. Admit, again, the power of the General Government to enforce an express pro- vision of the Constitution, for the securing of the blacks in the exercise of their rights to the ballot, and the sworn duty of the President to carry out the provisions of the Constitution aod the laws, and you have tho merits of the case. Any: and all other issaes, no matter in what form or disguise, are entirely foreign to the subject, With al! of this is the fact of the recognition, by all the Courts in the State, of the validity of the returns in favor of the Kellogg Government, Whatever may be said of the rest, the action of the State Suprema Court—the whole of the members of which were the appointees of a provious Administra tion—can scarcely be invalidated, even in the minds of s reasovably-fair Democracy. the cage as you may, save, as before shown, through the practical invalidation ‘of the Con- atitutional Amendments, there can be neither legal nor consistent claim in favor of the pre- tensjons of McEnery & Co. ‘Thore can be still less ground for the constant and unrelenting abuse of the President. Ho bad certainly, from first to Ixst, as seoms evi- dont enough, the Constitution and the law in uomistakable support of his course, He had also his sworn duty to perform in carrying out the provisions of the one and enforcing the oth- er. He must, perforce, support and uphold the Government of the majority, a4 opposed to the clairos of the ir sock With the non-action of Congreus, at 1 HE COULD HAVE NO. ALTERNATIVE in the premises. ‘fo deny tha right is to deny the rights of the majority; to give uo all the issues of the War for the Union; to accept tho doctrine of revolution ; to adinit that wo aro not & Nation. ‘The issues at last must be fairly and squarely met. Whatever may be said of the policy of the original plan of reconstruction, cortainly not tho least of the evila to be complained of lies in the want of itsenforcement. Constitutional Amend- ments, of themselves, must necessarily be prac- ticaily inoperative in a community where the moral senge of the people is opposed to their op- eration. He who saysthat the people of Louisi- ana are not at heart opposed toboth the lotter and spirit of the Constitutional Amendments growing out of the Rebellion, either inteution- ally deceives, or knows little of the community heclaims to represent. The settled disloyalty and deeply-seated opposition of the people to hess Amendments, in fact, are the key to all the political troubles in the State, ‘The want ofzproper provisions for their en- forcement, too, may be exid, with equal car- tainty, to be the koy to the terrible state of an- archy, and lawlessness, of which Gon. Sheridan go justly complains. It is simply folly, in this connection, to prate of the sovereign ‘rights of the people of a State. [tia particularly so in speakme of the reconstructed States. Had the ,govercign rights of the people of the Southern States alone been considered, there would bave ‘besn no Constitutional Amendments. Con- Motitutional Amendments, novertheless, wore pted. ‘Tha 'scts of reconstruction, too, wore passed in accordance therewith. The Amend- ments and the zeta represented the will of tho people at large,— @ ‘THE NATION. ‘They were in no sense supposod to represent the communities, er “sovereign poople,” for the proper governing of which they were especially calculated. 1. woukd certainly seora bus folly to expect, in such communities, a moral support in their enforcement. These Amendmonts, and these acts too, in thoirinanguration, rorrasent- eds policy of force. Representing ‘a policy of force, it is only through force they can be ox- pacted to be effective. They representod in their inauguration, practically, the power of the Gen- eral Government. Jt in only through the powers of the General Governmeut, as consequence, they can bo en- forced. It the princinte governing their passage was oorrect af time, the same prinaiple exists for their enforcement to-day, As matter of principlo, the rights of a “sovereign peopte ” are just 2s ‘amonable to the will of the people at lirge—the Nation—now as thon. As a matter of principle, too, if Congress possensod the nght of guardianship over these recoustructed Sta:es at the close of the Rebellion, it posuessos the same Tights in the premises to-day. It was thon, 2s now, amatter with which the people of these Sovereign States,” in so far as their wishes were concerned, wore never taker into con- sioration. It waa imply 2 imate ter for the poneral good,—n recegnizod necessity in behalf of the Nation. Aa necessity atops at no law, so wan all of conflicting law made unb- 6ervient to a public necossity, An it wean tion of public neceesity then, so ia it to be com- sidored in the light of « pablia nocessity now. THE BEPODTR oY GEN. sEXTIAY may well bave startled » generally loyal and peacoloving people. Diplomatic er not, thoy are certainly rendered nono the less effoctive by the abuse and calumny heaped upon his head in return. Chslimping 20 investigation, Ubey must either be effectually aisproved, or mast be ac- centeaa as ®disgtaco upon American civilisation Unfortomately, as it woald shere is a togio in pinta fects may not be sxplained aaray, ts uselens, im this sonecoticn, in abstract theories or questions of political jurisprudence as affectinz “the people” of tho * Sovereign State of Louisiana,” as our journals love to oxprese it. It is in all worse taste, as it, cortainly saows little appreciation of tho judg. mont of an intelligent public, to attemyt to evade the issues by personal abuse aud vilif- eation. ‘The facts. as stated by Gen. Sheridanio all . their naked deformity, are at least undesirable, ‘They may neither be evaded, explainod, nor succesafully palliated. The massacres and the murders hsve become & matter of histo: ‘The victims since 1366, 28 atatéda few days‘siuce on the floors of Congress, would probably aggregate as many 28 those o? all our Indian wars for the samo period of time. They are nndoubledly in excess of those of all tha other reconstructed States combined. The vi fact that fally nineteen-twentieths were Rerab- Jicans would seem,conclasive enough as to the animus involved. "There is no evading the wsaue, in fact, that the victims were ‘3 MARTYRS TO THE CAUSE OF REPUBLICANISM. Jgmorant colored men, in the msin, ther gave their lives because of their devotion to the party of the Union. ‘The facts are at Ieast something of a com mentary'on the Government under which wo live, and the pretensions of our unreconstructed Democracy. ‘he blacks, whatever may be said of their pecaliar merits or demerita, in other re- spects, es an element of the body politic, are un- swervingly loyal to theGovernment. They have an abiding fai-h in the care and protection youch- ssfed them under its Constitation and laws. The masses of the whites, on the other hand, may be Joyal only in ao far as that they are held in subjection to the power of the Gov. ernment. Tho loyal subject is massacred because of his devotion to tne principles of the Unjon as ho understands them ;_and the disloyal murderers are allowed to go unwhipped of justice. This one fact alone may be ssid wo bo the ; KEY TO THE WHOLE O¥ THE SITUATION. Hada fitting example been made in the cane ot afew of the more prominent characters en- gaged in these so-called riota, in wiuch, a1 ly enough, none but Republicans are killed, we ywould have had no such condition of affairs as exists in Louisiana to-day. Had the leaders in the Grant Parish msseacre, for instance, been summarily dealt with at the time, we would bave had none of the terrible list of mcrdexm for orinion’s sake 0 prevalent since. We would have heard nothing of the massacre of State officials at Cousbatta, We wonld have seen no State officials driven onk of pariah after parish by gangs of Regulators under the name of White Leaguers. We would have heard of no insurrection in New Orleavs on the 14th of September last. We would havehad, finally, s large Republican majority in the Inte election. We would have heard, 28 a consg quence, nothing of the emeute in the Legila tive Talla on tho 4th of the present month, ‘The remedies, if any, must rest with the peo ple at large,—with the Nation. They must be applied, if at all, through the medium of Con- gress. A new election, however desirable in some respects, falls far short of the requirements in tho caso, ‘There are no apparent evidences that it would be acceptable to anybody, save a few desperate politicians that have nothing to lose, and i. ply something to make. Tho root of tho evil would not be reached at all. So, too, with a new system of reconstruction. {ta merits, at best, would depend on the principles of the new Constitutional. Amendments, the non-enforce- meat of which, more than all other canses com- bined, has tended to the unhappy condition o? affairs it is proposed to remody. If a remedy is to be applied at all, it must be t! some pro- vision of Cougress looking to the CERTAIN AND EFFECTUAL ENFORCEMENT of these Constitutional Amendments. ‘As before explained, it is folly to expect thele - enforcement: jagh the moral support of s community that is morally opposed to the prine ciples embodied therein. ‘The community is dis loyal; the community is at heart bitterly op- posed to the Constitutional Amendments; the community, a8 a consequence, will put every ob- stacle in the way of their enforcement, Their enforcement, at the same time, is the key to the situation. It is this moral sense of the people, too, that is the key to the whole of the mora! controversy as betwoen the more respectatle classes and Gen. Sheridan. It is, or course, scarcely to be pre- sumed that the better classes of society favor or advocate asssasination. It is equally troe that it is only throagh the toleration—the moral countenance and support, if you plesse— ofthese self-same classes, that 8 condition of affairs ae here represented could be possible.’ As somewhat torcibly expressed _in my hearing, afew daya since, a Louisisna Democrat must either bo « murderer himeelf, or an APOLOGIST FOR A MURDERER. Itisaimply too true to admit of a refutation. The respectable classes may not encourage as aassination, or proscription even, for opin jon’s sake. The evidences of both, how- ever, as = seeming ereed of tho Louisi- ana’ Del are simply indisputable. There is certainly, to say the least of it, little evidence of any sorious affront on the part of the more respectable classes to frown it down. They must expect, a8 3 consequence, to bear their fall measuro of responsibility in the premises. Unfortunately, too, their responsibility cam scarcely bo said toendeven here, As a matter of notoriety, in every attempt to shield the par ties arrested, under procsas of tho United States Courts, as ringleaders in the various massacres, these self-same so-called more respectable classes have contributed the means. Take the case of the Grant Parish prisoners, for instance. The parties arrested as the chief par ticipators in that most horrid massacre were bronght to New Orleans for trial. They were held up before a sympatbizing public ss the vio- tims of Federal persecution. They were main- tained while in prison on hotel-fare. They were supplied with s superabundance of counsel. They were treated, on their fival relonse, rather 2s heroes than alleged murderers. It is, of course, neodless to say that the merchants and businese-classes CONTRIBUTED THE MEANS, ‘ and gave tone to public sentiment, in the case. So, too, on the occasion of tho so-called “*up- rising of the people” on the 14th of September last. The participators were heroes of the first. water. Thoso that were killed were martyra im the cause of “the people.” The more respect ablo classes, as becomes their position, must. needs contribute the moans, as they gave toue to the public sontiment, again, for the occasion. They have little cause of complaint in receiving the full credit for their prominence and labors, in Proportion thereto. £ have simply given something of the case from a standpoint on the ground. It is for Con-, gress to apply the remedy. It must certainly be. outside of all State-Sovorsignty creed —.—_ NOTES AND NEWS. FETIYION FOR PRIZE MONEY. Special Dispatch te The Chrcago Tribune, Wasmrxoron, D.C., Jan. 23.—Admirel Wor den, and others of’ the crew of tho the Monitor, having filed a petition with Congress aaking for. prizo money from having destroyed the Merri- mac in Hampton Koads, in: the spring of 1862, the remaining officers of the Camberland and Congress have iso filod a petition asking that, thoy may be allowed sbare in any swrrd that may be made on this account. Their petition shows that the injuries received by’ the Merrimac in the engagoment with the Com berland and Congress on the day before her combat with the Monitor were so great that sho ~ was partizliy disabled aad unfit for service. petitioners do not sek that the claim of the off cers of tho Monitor bo rejected, but think they ought to havo a share of the bounty allowed bY Congress. (WE LITTLE TAEIFY BILL, A Inthe matter of the Little Tariff hill, it bat alroady been discovered that tho effects of that billare more far-reaching than hag been sup” posed. It hos been discovered by some Repro. fentatives, who are large owners of milla, that’ the clause relative to mixea goods raises the’ duty en bolted cloth 6 per cent ed valorem. ‘This is nearly double the present rato of daty. TRE SYNDICATE. ‘The Treasury Department has decided to ex: tend the time ‘within which the Syndicate msy_ elect totake the rowainder of the 5 per loan to aix months from Feb. L. REMOVED. : John P. Campbell, a Spocial Agont of the: ‘Troasury Departmont stationed at Chicago, bas: beou romoved, and W. Z. Church ;-pointed ia” his place, Campbell is s brother-in-law of James IL Bavillo, former Chiof Clerk of the ‘Treawary, & member of a declining dyossly- Church is appointed upon tho joint rec ation of Logan snd Farwell. “He is somewhs; widely known as “Joo: Church.” ‘THe MENNCVIN CANAL. . Representative Hawloy, of Tilinois, intends oo Monday to mave to suspend the ralos in toei House to fix ona wosk from Tucaday for the con sideration of tho Hennepin Canal bill. Mr. Hawley and the others who bave boen associated with him are confident that the measuro has suf ficient strength to secure a day for its consiée eration. [ze Associated Presx) 3 CULTALY KRISTOW. Wasmrvarey, D. C., Jar, 23.—Socretary Briss tow is confined to bis bed to-day. fle spraiced his leg yoaterday by ulipping upon the stees+ stairway of the Treasury building. His wowed shongh painful, is not sarioca, ia