Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 13, 1874, Page 8

3 i : | ! U ki i A e . 2 ‘THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1874--SIXTEEN PAGES. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. 1874. TPTION (PATABLE TN ADVAFCE), ma 2.00 | Sundar... Ry 1300 | walsy ‘Parts of a ysar at the same rate. vent delay and mistskes, be gurs xnd give Post- o o foll, ncluding State and Cavsty. Remittancesmay bemade eltherby draft, express, Post- Ofico order, o in registered letterr, at onr risk. TERNS TO CITY SUDSCRIDERS. Daily, deliyered, Sunday excepted, 23 cents per week. Datly, delivered, Sunday included, 30 cents per week. Addrees THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, -Oorner Maditon and Deazborn-sta., Ohiczgo, IIL TO-MORROW'S AMUSEMENTS. 0 MUSEDM—Monroe strect, between Dsar- gl ** Romance and Reality. dorn and State. ER'S THEATRE—Madison streat. betwesn Omrbor 1ad Biato. Eogegoment of Edwin Booth. **Shylock.". opposite GRAND OPERAFOUSE Clrk sirest, opposlie fjerman, Hogse. Loon's Minstrels. k Btatue,™ MUS: Halsted flm'»bel"lln Mad- A BT O kemets of Tony Denler's Punio- o o-Troupe, ** Humpty Dumpty.” OOLEY'S THZATRE—Randolph street, batwaen Clark ana LaSalle. +* Clouds. ALL—Madison stroet, betwaen Clark and A A Bavaed Tarlor. Bubjeat, ¥ Ancicnt 5g7DL SOCIETY MEETINGS. 5 N CHAPTER, No. 6, R. A. M.—Annu- uifi'fifi?fifi"monm ‘ovening, Dec. 4. Jloction of of- decrs nd pasmeatol duek. ;" 110 ERSON, Seo. XSIA LODGE, NO. 160, A. T. & A, M.~Th A Do Sioction i piizers aad paymunt of dues, will boheld 2 Jrieatal Hall, Thurday ovoning, Dee. 10 2e3. Membersaro Byt HOWiLl, w. 3. B. ST. JOHN, Sec. E HAPTER, .8 E. A, M.—Hall 73 14, for business, .lncunnfiof og}ner; ‘l::xrol?i" %nuluzll yuar, aud payment ¢f dues. By orderof th FHGIER, Sec, ST. BERNARD COMMANDERY, NO. 35, K. T.— tle at their Asylam at11:30 AT B e . C. Six Jamos 1R EREON, Rocorder. R LODGE, NO. &%.—The Third Degres will i Tuesdsy evening nust. Uther jn this Lodgo og Fuesdy ercpinz poty Oover Asas Bartees of fmpeciancs g of mazbars 1 doairod.. Viitorg cordiall tnvitod . CRANE, Sec. TTEXTION, STR ENIGHTS !—Clifoago Command~ o7, R ih Ay Special Cnncmfiuanm orgniae, Dacember 14, &t 7:30 o'clock, for work on K. T. Order. ‘s':igx Cir ‘Knights courteously tnvited. Byorderoi the Py GEO. SINCLAIR,” Recordor. TR CNIQHTS!—Chicago Command- o O, B b 50 herebs motiod toro ral Equipped, this morming ¢10 obsiant e fapori of Bl J. V. 2. la- o fin. Com. ¥ 06RO, F. SINCLATR, Recarder. RILWIXNING LODGE, 31, F. sad A 3 —Rerular mousl commaniastion Tharsdny esentas, Dec. 17, ob frimtaian Hal, for the paymeat of ues s6d. claciing of ef oEicery for tho ensiind 2% CHATFIRLD, W. M. DEARBORN LODGE, Xo. 510, 4. F. and A. M.—Ag- nurl gommunicatipa oo evésing, Doc. 1€, in Amer. lonroe-et., for election of o~ foaa Express Ruilding, 76 sarn. i Mombers b requasted o pent " © CEEVELAND No. 71, A. F, and A M.— A A D o b “Mbctiin. ot ‘Sicere 1 yment of dnes, will be hald on hnnflal evening next, Borh 1, Sevorder T. D, SITCH, W- AL GEO. K. BAZLITT. Sec. . 3. L . 409, A. F, ond A. TR, J, TURNED LODOE, No, 49, A. F, en: annual communica will ocour E::ll:ll. Dee, 17, at 3ssonia 73 Moaroe-st.. for the tiow of aticers znd pe; munlflof ducs. Meaibers Seageatrd 1o taks dus ntico. o thenselses nc- olingty. " 2 220 S ETPEIT [BONE: RICHARD COLE LODGE; Ko, &7, A. F.and A, M. <Tbo saual meesing o the lootian of ofcars agd oy e Ké L% h& D Sotihed 1 pe pressst. By or ‘ 201 o prows: el s Wi BLTERs, Sl APOLLO COMMANDERY KNIGHTE TENPLAR. A Bl James Van Zande Bisuer, ¥ = exiring to partiolpite in pariag the las: 34 Honora to the hen finfls’h %fimmfilfiim Aeyinm ab 110 & m. rviages to Hoss 1AL, 1) Buaday. o o obr z.’é kS, Bommander, €manizs B. BROWER, O. BUSINESS NOTICES. | oEBE GREAT RUSH CONTLXUES AT DR Mc. \OHESNE 'éh, cor. Clark and E;ndolp%—;u. Qnls $3.00 ra . Satiat - Fanded sapiains 1he roason why. o0 OF TR X E-‘@iaz Clhitags Tribune, . Sundsy Morming, December 13, 1874. i WITH SUPPLEMENT. 7 PROTECTION AGAINST FIEE, If any lesson is to be drawn from our large ;fites in the past, it is that Chicago needs ; rther a better system of prevention than new :nostrums for oure. In neither the great fira ©of 1871 nor that of lost summer could double or thrice the number of fire-machines have _extinguished the flames, nor checlked their progress after they were fairly under way. ;In the fire of 1871, thesouthwest wind carried verything before it, sweeping over every bstacle in its progress, and only dying out . when thére was no more fucl fo combustion. :The whole North Division was swept away Lmd 80 much of the West and South Divisions s lay in the track of the flames, and the fire was only stopped to the southward by the power of an adverse wind. In thefire of last summer, after the flames had got under fair headway they burned through to the Inke and far down into the city until they encountered the resistance of our new buildings of solid brick and mortar. We are likely to have repetitions of these fires just g long and to the extent that tho old condi- (fonx remain ; and it would require the loca- tion of a fire-engine at every corner and dqnble the water-pipes to grapple successfully with the flames, if there be no other remedy than that of increasing the machinery and nm?linnees, and then the safety would not be fllu}ble. To follow out the system of pro- tection which Gen. Smarrm has suggested, and to make it thoroughly efficient, would double the expenditure of the Fire Depart- ment. To double all the machinery and the num. ber of men and horses, leaving the other con- dmon§ the same, Would be littlo better than throwing the money into the fire. In the first place, the water-service ‘would be wholly inadequate to the machinery for exhausting it 5 in the second place, that amount of ma- chinery, or four times that cmount, would be inadequate to resist 6 torrent of fame driven before g scorching southwest siroceo-wind, and supplied with the ready fuel of wooden houses, ang Dpine shingles, and tor roofs. 1If ALER hiad been o spectator at either great fires we have had, be would be Gen. § o the Prepared to ld.mit"boflx these propositions, ject under consideration, batting such fires &s we have i Chic they all acespt the Present situation gg ; zursble. plagues and leprosies in our time as they were of old. The successful engineer so construets his works that they shall stend, instezd of surrounding them with life-saving apparatus in case they fall. In treating this fire question, we must start out with the plain fact that we want no more medicines, but something that will prevent tho recur- rence of the plagne. Every fire givesa pal- pablo illustration of the fact that we have now all the engines that ean be worked with the existing water-supply, but we continue to bave the same inflammable condition in those parts of the city which have not already been burned over. The extension of the fire-lim. its is the only tangible thing that has been done in the way of prevention. Wo need somethiug more. The requirements of pub- lic safety demand that something shall be done to better the condition of the buildings we have in the districts that Lave not yet been burned over. Pine houses, and pine end tar roofs, must be rendered less inflummgble. There are ways in which this ean be done. The pine houses can be incased with brick, and their shingle-roofs covered with cement or tiles, or otherwise protected. A chemist in this city named KROESORELL, now associat- ed with the architect TRELEPOPE, at 155 East ‘Washington street, claims to have invented a fire-proof paint which will protect the roofs and sides of frame houses from sparks and fircbrands.. The composition of this paintis materially the same as that of glass,—silicate of alumina and lime. The chief difference seems to be that the inventor has combined his sead and lime into a plastic fluid state like common white-lead paint, which takes hold of the wood, pene- trates it to some depth, and does not wesh off. Ho claims that the silicate of alumina and lime form a chemical union, and are mon- combustible, of course. Whatevor substance is coated with this fire-proof paint burns without flame—chars away into & cinder; but goes out immediately after the substance fur- nighing the flame is removed. Thus a shin- gle eovered with this non-inflammable paint can bo slowly bumed by holding it over companies, by Gen. Association, and by © have had the sub- The, Ing to attain the object of mcsr::;n‘lilvw;zrnx:- They are constently striv afty }efncd.ies to cure the disesse; they ;;:5“ u:: _seuen}x_fiu value of prevention. Had our Pbysicians -and chemists purened the same gourse, wa would have been a8 lisbls to the flame of 8 gas jet; but remove the shingle from tho flame thereof and it in- stantly ceases to burn, the fire dying out. Tho inventor claims that the pine-shingle roof of o house, coated with his fire-proof paint, eannot catch firo from any quantity of sparks and brands which may be dropped upon it by swrounding burning buildings, and that the substance is such that frosts, rains, and ohanges of temperature will not cause it to crack and scale off or lose its fire- resisting properties, none of which statements are we prepared to indorse unreservedly until they ars made good by time and experiment; but it is an invention worthy of cereful inves- tigation under the auspices of Gen. Szaren, or the Fire Board, or the Citizens' Asso- ciation. If it be what is claimed for it, the discovery con be made worth more to Chicago than forty new engines, or any other namber. The eity and insurance companies can co- operato effectually in improving the condition of our frame houses. The insurance compa- nies, insteed of combining to raise rates, might better combine to refuse insurance on wooden houses snd pine roofs that remain unprotected after a certain date. The city can pass more stringent ordinances relative to the construction of buildings and the repair of frame houses partinlly burned. In the latter case Teconstruction shonld be probibit- ed in all ceses. We are not sure but the reform could be generally inangureted by the same system of special assessments as now prevails for the improvement of our streets. Cer- tainly the protection of the city from de- -struction by fire is mare important than the paving of streets. Any farm of prevention isin the direct intoreat of every property- owner. The expenditures necessary to brick- in & wooden house and cement wooden roofs (or cover both with fire-paint, if this is found to be efficient) will be more than repaid by the saving of loss by fire and in the lower premiums for fire-insurance. ‘What wp desire to impress upon all who are at work at tho fire-problem is the primary necessity for preventite measures, and thus divert them from the prosent mania for in- creasing cosily machinery and appliances that have proved, and ever will prove, ineffectugl in emergencies. When the preventive mens- ures shall have been exhausted, it will then be time to consider new remedial appliances. Before this is dono, however, we ghall have to provide a water-system commensurate with our increased machinery. The next step will bo the supply of locat appliances for each house or neighborhood. The next to provide lighter engines for reaching outbreoks of fire more quickly than our present cumbersome machinery. But the proposed enormous in- creese of large firercngines and hook-onde ledder companies, and men and horses, should come last in the reformatory process e THE TRIBUNE AND CATHOLICISM. The Western Catholic, on orgon of Ultra- montanism published in this city, assails the editor of Tre Omicico Teimune through two columns of personalitios, on eccount of cer- tain views with reference to tho relations of Church 2nd State which have been printed in this paper. When the Western Catholic points out mistakes of information or argu. mant, then we shell be ready to examine them; but personal nssaults, and abuse of the German ond Italinn Governments, do mnot prove or disprove anything. AMeanwhile we will try and state as briefly as possible the position of Tux Temuse on the question of Cburch and State relations. 5 1. TeE TRIBUNE opposcsany Church, Cath- olic, Protestant, Jewish or Mohammedan, or any religious organization of any kind, which encronches upon, or meddles or interferes with, secular matters. 2. Tae Temuxe will sustain and uphold any Church or sect which shows a disposition to confine itself to spiritual concerns. It has no wer to make against dogma or religious belief. 8. Tme Trmoxe will defend Germany, It ely, or any other Government which has the courage to defend its people against ecclesi- astical interference in or usurpations of secu- 1Df maiters, and which is resisting the in- trigues of Ultramontane or any other Church plotiers against the authority of the State, and thae civil rights and liberties of the citi- Zzens. 4. TEE Tasuxe will opposa and denounce ony Government that interferes with the ;pl.nml prerogatives of any Church anthori- o3, 5. Tue Temoxe will defend any Church which renders unto Czsan the things which are CxsAn’s, and unto God the things which are God's. If the Catholic Church can show thet it does this, and that it can make better men out of the original Adam than any other Church, then Tas TripuxE will stoutly defend the Catholic Church. 6. If, on the other hand, the Catholio Church, or the Ultremontane element in it, <continues to assert a olaim to.temporal poli cal power, and to interfere with *tho things [ fs immaterial, these men sssume, whoticr that are Cssar’s,” then Tre Toinors will op- pose that Ultramontanism to the extent of its influence and ability. ., e hopo we have stated the position of Tex, TRUNE clenrly enough for the TWestern Catholic and all other Ultramontanes to un- derstand. So for as personal assnults are concerned, such ““arguments” ara only wasted upon us, as we have no answer to make to them. THE WABASH-AVENUE RAILWAY. At the last meeting of the Common Coun- cil a rosolution was adopted asking that any person or number of persons ready to pay the city $100,000 for the right-of-way to Iny 8 horse-railrond track on Wabash avenue put in their propositions and bonds within the next ten days. We understand that a compa- ny has been hastily organized to ask this right-of-way, in addition to the proposition already before the Council in the name of Messrs. Charles Fargo, Potter Palmer, and others ; and wo presume the new combina tion intend to propose a compliance with tho Council's resolution, and offer the city a bonus. This sort of procedure is apt to be illusive. If the gentlemen who have already asked for tho franchise in- tend to build the road, aud the peo- ple want it, it is much better that some continuous obligation should be given by them than that the city should accept a bo- nus, or promise of s bonus, from persons who may never lay arod of the track, and then, of course, never pay the city a dollar. It must not be forgotten that the people in interest aro the property-owners of Wabash avenue, §o far ns the right-of-way is con- cerned ; and, if thero is to be any valuable consideration for the franchise, it ought tobo of & nature that would especially benefit them. It would manifestly be a fairer con- sideration that the Company shall keep the streot in repair than that it shall pay $100,- 000 for the right-of-way. The latter is simply a comparatively insignificant bo- nus, which will be speedily swallow- ed up in the City Treasury, while the former would be of & permanent value, both to the property-owners on Wabash ave- nue and the city at large. What the Council should be particularly solicitous about in this matter is that no conditional consideration shall induce them to give a franchise to par- ties thet they may sellit out to existing horse- railway companies, and thereby defeat the purpose of having s railway Inid on the street. Either the people desire a horse-railway on ‘Wabash avenue or they do not. If they do not, the Council should grant no franchise whatever ; but, if they do, the franchise should be granted to persons who will proceed to build the road and not sell out their fran- chise. There is another elementin this matter which ought to be determined befors tho Council procced further. In 1863, the Com- mon Council entered into & contract with the existing horse-railway companies that Wabash avenue and certain other streets should be kept free from horse-railways for the term of twenty years. The consideration for this ngreement was the perpetual cession of the right-of-way on these streets which the exist- ing roilway companies claimed. Last sum- mer, when the horse.railway question was first agitated with referenco to Wabash ave- nue, the City Railway Company claimed that the city had no right to grant a franchise to them or any other parti¢s by renson of this contract. The question was referred to Mr. Jamieson, the City Attorney, who gave it as his opinion that, assuming thie contract to be talid, the city could still give the ox- isting company the franchise by agreoment of both contracting parties, ar to any other compony with the congent of the present milway compauny, Of course the City Rail- wey Company will not consent to tho build- ing of a parallel road by another company, if they can help it; and we presume they will not build it themselves unless they aro pre- sentad with the alternative of doing this or having & competing line. But thero is some question, we believe, as to the validity of the contract of 1863, arising from the nature of the consideration given by the existing com- pany, and also as to the power of the Caun- cil tobind the people of certafn sireets to these conditions for a long terin of years. If for twenty years, why not for a hundred, or for two hundred years? At all events, the validity of this contyact should be deter- mined befors the Conneil go any fyrther. If the City Railway Compeny virtually controls the avenus for nine years longer, it is better that we should know it, and thus end the matter. BANKING ON FAITH. Some sixty or more persons met at Indian- spolis some weeks ago and called a Naticnal Convention, to meet at Cleveland an the 11th of March, 1875, to organize a new political party. The call sets forth generally a num- ber of grievances, but makes the ‘ monocy question” the specific subject for redress. It therefore proclaims gs the basis of the new organization, ‘‘That it is the duty of the Government to establish a monetary system based upon the faith and resources of the nation.” This is one of the phrases which aro used by these harebrained zealots which is utterly ‘meaningless. They explain what they mean by saying that ** Paper money shall be issued by tho Governmentdirectly to the people,withont tho intervention of any system of benking corporations, which money shall be 2 legal tender in the payment of all debts, publio ond private, duties on imports included.” This plan differs from oll other inflation schemes only that it is coupled with the statement that this paper money is “ based upon the faith and resources of the nation.” The ordinary meaning which such an ex- pression would convey is, that this paper money {s to be Issued under a pledge of the foith and resources of tho mation to pay it; but payment or redemption forms no part of this monetary system; and hence, though the paper money is based on the faith and re- sonrces of the nation, the *‘resources™ are not in any way pledged to redeem it. As the good .faith and resourcos of the na- tion sre now expressly pledged to re- deem the present currency, at some time in the future, the new patent monetary system proposes to omit any such pledge. The proposed pper currency to beissued by the new party, whichis toincludedir. Kurey and Bex BUTLER, i3 to bo deprivedof even the promise of redemption. What will such a currency be worth when it is issued? What is the value of 8 note given by an individual, no matter how wealthy, which he is under no moral or legal obligation to pay, nor ever in- tends to pay ; and wherein does such a note differ from one issued by the Government which is never to be pnid or redeemed? The one will have about as much value as the other. But, say these gentlemen, these notes will be o legel tender,—that is to say, they. will answer to pay debts with, and t0 pay the wiges of labor It the greenbacks be worth 10 or 40 cents on l?m dollar, or 1 cent, they will still be a leg:1 tender for their face value of a fall doller. But their face value will be no more than their market value in coin. Assuming th: theso redemptionless notes will be worth £5 Ben_is on the dollar, for coin on a given day, their purchasing power will be worth no more than that sum. Where o man gets $2 a day, worth seven-eighths of coin dollars, to make things equal he will then have to get $7a day, but his $7 aday will not purchase any more flour or clothing than will the §2 now, nmor as much, becnuse.the greater the de- !)reciafinn inthe value of currency, the greater is the margin between the market and the pufchasing valuo of the currency. As the value of the currency recedes, the prices of commodities advance. When greenbacks fall to 20 cents on the dollar, the mon who now pays $350 a year rent will then poy §1,500; the barrel of flour that now sells for 38, will then command 340 or $50, and in & very short time weo will have the condition of things which prevailed in Rich- mond in 1864-5, when tho hend of the family carried his money to market in a basket and brought home his dinner in his vest-pocket. But, soy theso men, the money will pay taxes ; but where the Governmentnow requires $300,000,000 of taxes annmally in gold, and greenbacks at 88 cents, it will then Fequira $900,000,000 to $1,200,000,000, and the demand on the public will be increased because of the bad faith and want of credit of the Government. If the pub- lic credit, after ten years of poace and of proliic production, cannot Leep its notes up to 90 cents on the dollar, what will that credit be worth when' the present promise toredeem these notes is removed into the region of faith and moonshine? The ¢ faith resources " of the country are amply suflicient to sustain at par & much larger is- sue of greenbacks than the present, provided the Government will redeem these notes upon demand. It is the certninty of payment and not the value of tho unavailable resources which gives credit to a note. The * faith resources” upon which this new monetary system is based can hardly be said to have any material existence, The faith is not en active or a living one. It de- nies the necessity or the existence of s rodeemer. It lacks every constituent of what is termed Faith. Nor are tho “re- sources ” any more substantial. As there is to be no redemption, the resources do not figure in any way in the transaction. It is the case of o judgment against property ex- empt by law from execution. It is neither a lien nor s mortgage; it is a credit unsup- ported by any moral or legal obligation, and tainted with the well-grounded suspicion that it is to bo repudiated; and that is precicely the result that will be attained, and in a much shorter time than these Indianapolis Solons imagine. Anud this scheme is put forth in the name of Reform—to correct abuses and re- Lieve the country from distress! THE CHANGES OF A YEAR IN CZICAGO. The difference between the. coudition of affairs in Chicago at this time and the con- dition a year ago isa striking ome. Then there wes a wide-sproad alarm, a general despondency, an absence of production and of employment, A want of credit and confi- dence, and almost of hope. The savings banks were prectically closed, and all other banks suspended. There wos a daily sacri- fice of securities and a wholesale depression in gll kinds of business. Labor was sus- pended, and men walked the streets demand- ing bread 0s & necessity. The people of Chicago may congratulate themselves on the trinmph over these ad- verse circumstances. It has not only recov- ered from all the effects of the panic, but it is in o much improved condition. The peo- ple readily adapted themselves to the change of affairs. There wasa general reduction in expenditures. Retrenchment, the sovereign remedy for financial distress, was generally practiced, and in a short time business re- sumed its general course. There was less bought, but whet was bought was paid for. ‘The money of the world came here for bread, and that money put the wheels of trade agnin in motion,—if at a reduced speed, still with greater safety. ‘The result has been beneficial. During the last summer Chicago was able to resume and continue her build- ing. The midsummer fire swept away o holf- mile square of wooden buildings, but that area has been sinoe then largely re-covered with substantiel and permanent improve- ments, In all parts of the city the building of residence-houses has gone onj streetshave been improved ; sewers, water, and gas have been extended. Business, though less, per- haps, in actual volume, has goneon safaly and uninterruptedly, and production has beon aective, The yenr’s business has been of that safe and substantial character that shows that the legsons of the panic have not been thrown sway. Tho oity has, inthe esperience of 1874, bad actusl demounstration of the wisdom of the ordinance excluding the erectionof wocd- en buildings. It has forced the erection of permanent improvements, and now there are but few persons who do not admit the wisdom of putting e2n end to the old wooden and shanty system. Altogether, Chicago may feel proud that within o single year her trade, commerce, in- dustry, labor, end wealth have recovered from tho panic and oll its consequences, and that the gloom end despondency of this timea year ago have given way to the brightest hopes and expectations for the coming year. ICELAND AND ALABEA. Tne Secretary of the Navy states that a notional vessel recently conveyed a deputa- tion of Icelanders to Alaska, that the latter might have an opportunity of examining that country, with a view of reporting thereon to their people at home. The Island of Iecland was settled originally by Norweginns, as far back s 874, During the last summer the people celebrated their thousandth enniver- sary. Notwithstanding the inhospitable cli- mate, the barren soil, the long scasons of ice, the preearions means of living, and the voleanic and epidemical visitations, these people have proserved their civilization and improved it to the highest rank. They are herdy and sble-bodied ; they are educated ; they are industrious and chaste; they are religions, and preserve the virtues and integrity of the family rela- tion. They number perhaps abount §0,000 persons. Every year the climate is becoming more rigorous, and the available area of ctl- tivation less. Fish is the great staple of food, and the perils of seeking this daring the stormy winter season nre incressing, A desire to migrate has been growing among the people for some time. They have main- tained a nominal Republic, under an plincst perpetusal despotism from the beginning. They, therefore, do not desire to migrats to the mainland under either of the Scandina. vian Governments, and naturslly tarn to the | only part of the United States where the eli- ! mate corresponds with their own. In Alpska, it is assumed, they will find the ! least change in their modes of living and ' their occupations, and they can there botter . preserve their traditions and live es a separate people. Alaska has no attractions for the Americans, nor for any of the European pco- ples who come to this country. To the Ice- landers Alaska will be an improved Iceland. The soil is better capabla of cultivation, and the fisheries are far more productive. It is expocted that the report as to the condition of the country will be favorable. The Icelanders, however, while thrifty, are not as a people ablo to bear the expense of a removal from Iceland to Alaska. It is there- fore suggested that some of the Government vessals which are lying idle in the various ports, and are known as the unemployed navy, be placed at the disposal of these people. It is lilely that if they migrate at all it will be in colonies,—a portion annually, and the rest to follow according to the success of the pio- neers. As this is likely to be the only means whereby Alaska is ever to bo settled, and as these people are in every senso a de- sirable population, it is possibly s very good uso to which this unemployed navy may be put during the summer months. FRENCH REVENGE. The bombast and bluster of tho French people toward Germany seem to be fast dy- ing out. After the closo of the war, and daring the German occupation, the one idea among all clesses of the French wos the tgrand revenge.” In the Assembly, the cafes, the clubs, wherever twoor three French- men were gathered together, significant and mysterious threats wero made of what France was going to do with regard to Germany, and the popular heart was constantly fired with allusions to the next war, when France would revenge herself, redeem her honor, recover her lost provinces, and exact indemnity. No Trenchman would allow for an in- stant that he wns not the equal of o German in skill, bravery, and martial prow- ess. Astime went on, however, these feel- ings chenged. The Frenchman beceme more serious and thoughtful, and, es he con- templated the real strength and military power of the German, reluctently acknowl- edged it was useless for the Gallic cock to struggle alone with the two-headed eagle of the Prussians, He still preserves his fecling of revenge, however, and wistfully turns his eyes to Rassia and England, arguing that an allionce with these two countries would make him more than 2 match for Germany, Austria, and Italy combined. There are many ressons why the Frenchmanhas cometo theconclusion that he can 1o longer cope single-handed with the German, and one of the principal of these is his own census, which shows that the country is not meking good its losses in the war. The French population is decreasing with a8 very scrious regularity, and the German is increasing quite fast. The French- men has not the virility of the German. He is wenkening and enervating himself with lusury and by the avoidance of robust mus- cular exercise, and losing the power and in- fluence of home life, whilo the sturdy Ger- mgn grows stronger and stronger. Not- withstanding his confession of weakness, however, the Frenchman does not al- low any opportunity of displaying his feel- ings toward the German, howerver impotent and ludicrous the exkibition may be, and one of theso exhibitions occurred quite recently, The occasion wes one of the popular concerts given in the Cirque d’'Hiver under the direc- tion of the famous conductor, M. Pasperote. 1t may be premised that these concerts are attended by thousands of people, and Pas- pErovP, wishing to make one of the con- certs specially attractive by means of a novelty, had the temerity to announce a Waeyen night. The French were immediately up in arms. TUnlike other nations, art with them bhas a na- tionality, With them any musie but German music is good ; any composer but a German composer can be tolerated,—Wacxer least of all. There are two rensons for this. Several years ago WaeNEr's ‘‘ Tannhauser ™ was produced at the Italiens, and the French did not like it. They not only expressed their dislike of the music, but they made it a cause of personal abuse of Waaxzs. The composer, being a passionate man, took his revenge by writing o pamphlet, in which he made the point that they were “half monkeys and half tigers,” and consequently incapable of appreciating any music, let alone that of the future. This was bad enough, but worse was to come. It was WioNER who composed the “RKaiser Victory March” after tho late war. ‘Worse than that, he composed the “Tri- umphal Hymn” for the new Emperor of Germany. This was too much for the aver- sge ' Frenchman, and consequently the re- venge which he could not and dared not take npon a German, he took upon German music. The exhibition of this petty malice is charac- teristic of the Frenchman, but the German will probably not be very seriously disturbed Dby it, particularly as Wacy=n has worse ene- mies in his own country than in France, and enemies who are by no means harmless or im- potent. ‘We print elsewhere a card from Mr. Porrer PazaeEn with referenco to the rocent outrn- geous calummny ngainst himself and his family relatives and friends, published in & recent issue of the Ohiengo Zimes. So long as the calumny was confined to a single paper in this city which could do him no harm, Mr. Pazaren paid no_attention to it, as assaults of this sort are tho peculinr characteristics of that paper; but as the calumny was tele- graphed to leading and reputsble New York papers, and might make an impres- sion there, he has seen fit to put the defamatory charges at rest by an unqualified denial of them. If there is anything more extraordinary than the publication of such outrageous libels against privato’ families, it is the fact that people will allow & paper guilty of such conduet into their homes. We can only account for the reckless and grossly immoral character of the Zimes during the past two or three weeks by the fact that the chango in the domestic circumstances of its editor hes not allowed him to give his columns the inspection and revision which they need, and the scurrilous biackguards he has left in charge of it are holding higher carnival than usual. It has taken a lovg time to do it, but it has eventually been dono, and the Common Council of Jolict deaerve credit for being the trat to do it. That intellectual body have decroed that the Irish Ianguage bo taught in the achools of the penitential citv. When the vast commerciat interests of Ireland and the United States are taken into consideration; wheo the fluency with which one Irishman in & hundred can speak bis native lzogunge is weighed ; and when due no- count is taken of the boundieas and unexplored regions of Irish literature, there cen be but one verdict upon the wisdom of the Common Coun- cil of Joliet. In their new philological projest thio sagesof the Council will have fo contend with one difficulty, for which perhaps no provis- fon bas been made, and that js in finding a per- son suficiently familiar with the language to ac- copt the position of teacher at a moderate salary. The Council will perhaps have to fall back upon the undergraduates of the Stato Universityat Joliet, where, according to statistics, thero should be abundant raw material. There should be no difficulty in coming to an understanding in this matter, as all parties seem to haye some- thing in common. AR S SUNDAY LAWS. Nearly all of the older States have on their statute-books somo severeiy strict Inws about the dne observance of Sunday, which are en- forced only in exceptional casos, and ususlly do iojustice then. In a recent case in Maseachu- getts, a poor mechanic of Boston brought st against that city for damages suffered by falling from the approach to & bridge into the water. The bridge had been swung open oo s dark night, and loft open. Thelamps on the approsch waro not lit, aud no barrier was put up. It was 60 clearly a case of gross megligence that the city had to seek some other defense than that of due csre. The mechanic was walking, when he fell, to seo & mau who had promised him work, and he was walking on a Sunday even- ing. The City Attorney raked out of the statute-book of the State an old sct which forbado euch a wuss of the day andthe plaintiff was non-suited, on the groundthat the law would not grant redreas for sn injury incarred while the sufferer was bresk- ingthe law. There are othor cases of equal in- justice. Thus, in Conncecticut, contracts made on Sunday are void, and money paid on that day for goods which are not subsequently delivered, cannot be recov- ered. Wo sro glad to note tho fact that the Courta are beginning to interpret these rigid statutes, the relics of a mode of thought and life which finds few followers now, with a wiss liber- ality. The Supreme Court of New York has held that tho statuto of that State Whic’b forbida any person to “expose to sale” anything except meats, milk, and fish on Sunday, and makes the exception end ot 9a.m., is intended merely to stop public eajos, and does not invalidate any private contract, made in s quiet and orderly way. S0 a note given or dated on Sundayis good. The Ksntucky Court of Appeals has re- cently rendered a dacision which displays the acme of art in getting around the Keatucky law which forbids contracts. The dectsion lays down the following rules : In general, contracts madoe in contravention of an exprees statate are void. This is not, howover, exactly the case with those made on Sundsy. The lntter are illegal only in the element of time. When they aro purged of this they become valid. Purgation takes place when they are subsequently affirmed, by word or deed. If one party has paid or done anything under the contract, and the instrument is not af- firmed, he msy demand restitution or compensetion. Then, if the second party refuses such restitution or compensation, he is tobe cousidered as heving affrmed the contract! This is very neat. It makes chesting under the protense of observing Sunday an im- poseibility. Now thac a court of large jurisdic- tion has taken tlus liberal view of a law that should be obsolete, it is reasonable to euppose that it views will obtain also in other States. —_— THOMAS CARLYLYE AND HIS AGE. Ho were bold indeed who wonld venture fo prophesy what place Carlyle will bold as a writer in the eves of posterity. Literary pyro- technics are as ahort-lived a4 any other; and if it be true, as is often assumod, that Carlyle is little more than a word-conjurer, a brillisnt— Day, flers—wizard, calting up spirits from the vasty deep of his gloomy mind to terrify this 8ge of Free-Trade and Democracy, we may be sure he will in the end be forgotten. He has certainly endeavored to be worthy of more than oblivion. Few questions of philosophy, religion, social life, politics, thers are that he has not touched. His fature fame will depend entirely upon how truly he has spoken on all these topics. His unparalleled gift of portrait- ure ; his gorgeons eloquenco; his sppreciation of tho sublime, no less than of the grotesque in life and Naturo; his pathos, humor, inspiration ; —theso, all of which, and more besides, ho pos- sesses in & wonderfal degree, will not save bim from oblivion, if the substance of which they are but the clothing and appearance is not such as may interest all men, in all times and places. Carlyle has, 1 more than ono place in his works, pointed out the goal to which this age s tending. His own peculiar philosophy pormestes all his works, philosophical and historie- al, 2s well a8 his smaller omes. The future will test his philosophy, and, with his philosopby, his genius as & msn. He himeelf seems to be perfectly willing to leave the verdict to Time. Carlylo is not fu harmony with his sge. He goes into no raptures over our boasted progress. He cares little for its philosophy or ita industrial edvances. Our photographs, telo- graphs, ond railrosde, avs socondary considera- tions with him. Democracy is hs bugbear. Util- 1tarianism he hates with all his might. He cares little for the prevalent ideas and notions of the dsy. The idea of God's existence should, ac- cording to Carlyle, be uppermost in the minds of men and of the age. Bat it is not. *‘We bave forgotten God,” he says, *and taken up the fact of the univorso as it is not. We have quietly closed our eyes to the eterpal substance of thiogs, and opened them only to the shows and shams of things, We quiotly belioved this universe to be intrinsically s great. unintelligi- ble Perhaps ; extrinsically clear enough, it is 5 great, most extensive Cattlefold and Worl- Touse, with most extensive kitchon-ranges, din- ing-tables, wherent he is wiso who can find & place! Al the Truth of this universe is uncer- tain ; only tho profit and loss of it, the pudding and praice of it, are and remain very visible to the practical man. Thereis no longer any God forus! God's laws are become a Greatest-Hap- piness Principle, a Parlismentary expediency ; the Heavens overreach us only 88 an astronomi- cal time-koeper ; = butt for Herschel-telescopes to shoot Science at, to shoot sentimentalities at. . . . There is noreligion ; thereis no God; men has lost his sonl, and vainly sooks antiseptic salt.” Such is the modern world to one of the brightest intellects in it. Io onr modern religion, he {inda God left out; that our philosophy of the Kuowable is & phi- lotiophy of shams and ebows; that onr Seienco isa note of interrogation, and our Utilitarian morality or greatest-happiness principle, only o spocies of bookkeeping by which we intimate our gain and loss of bread and butter, or of pleastre and pain! This modero world, of skeptice, snd utilitarians, and speculators, that marrics, and givos in marriage, piles dollar on dollar, and cannot raise pelf abovo the practical, above the bealance and the yard-stick, tho census-returns or colamns of statistics, is in need of & hero to wor- shipand to follow. The mon of to-dsy are thinking satomats, withont heart, withoat soul, snd with s calculating machine in- stead of a strong brain. Darwin and Spencer must find littie favor with Carlyle. Man, Car- Islo views, not with the eye of the physiologist, anstomist, or breeder ; not through the phases of Evolution or the Cosmic philosophy. He tears away from man the trappings of clothes and the trappings of bones, nerves, and fiesh, and eces in him & Soul, & Spirit, s Divina Appa- rition,—not ** an oranivorous Biped that wesrs ‘breeches,” as tho vulgar oye beholds him. Bat not only does Carlylo set bhis face against our philosophy and morality, but against our conception of the universe,—the universo we are told too frequently to look upon g8 an aggre- gaie of matter and force. Carlslo will geo in it but one vast symbol of God. He may not be & Transcendalist; ho certainly is no Materialist, and does not wish to be found even on the limita of Materinlism. Indeed, Carlsle is, judged from bis works, rather a disciple of Berkley than of any other school of philosophy. He does not dsny the extsrpal world, but then Lie would ather belisve In absolute Idealtam than grant that this world was one in whi lavs which obtained even :::i:,“ g those of fhe ‘“atrugglo for 08 Wera and of the “murvival of gy, Litaey? isof those who, byany means, hyh:u':'"* crook, a8 the phraso i3, succesd in X or by themselves of the larger amount of gy g by mero brato forca or cunaiag ey 'he Popo and Carlyle are not on many points; bat on this. mfi?}i""‘i"! world is all wrong, they are eafirg, ST Caslyl would say of Humaity what by e ™ of England, that 1ts genius 0o longer g 224 ward liko 50 ongle, through thy g, newing | her mighty youth; but el liko s grocdy ostrich, intent op (- standing with its other extromily eleny] Men in this age he views in the posit;. of superior sensibility and ln;,-icl:m THon of g this wholo univorss, and finding it gy 5™ measurablo swine-trough s on moral ey moral good, a0d finding thetn £0 ba rege: o an unattainability or non-attainshility oy o] wash ; on their creation, and discavegieg | 5? maker unknown,—perhaps the Pnrbb"n:c% We need not wonder that tho commop m”“ the common world hould appear under m“‘ res to & genius liko Carlyle, to Whom thy ol is & thing drvine, of which * Atheistic Seimp o a8 he dubs our Astronomy, Ch = Geology,—knows nothing, aince it uu;"d world us a dead thing, as if gy po of the world conld be bottled up in hm'.‘“” and gold over connters. : 2y Yet, strange to say, whilo his eceeniries, lect has mo sympathy with the B‘;’n:;@ day, he has none either with flnxg}imh‘ mankiod. Under his touch, Chritissiy . orates Into the worship of Sorrow. The R, mation needs reforming. Do trua Work, aj sy, havo trao roligion. Almost alone stendyiy prophet of evil, now enteriog on his gy thundering at the world, still telling it the 1! abont * ahooting Niagara ™ that thers lyss real 1ife in us men of the nineteenth cenyy that wo are & mechanical pooplo, and oyt not the Golden Age, but the Mnchiog“Age, We order our life mechanically, and academies take the placa of lige ing genius, which alone has the Tight fo teay Philosophy wa stady no more,—no, only Phyies and Chemistzy, that we may inventmors me ' chines! Boience is Mechanics. Our Scieneact life is to live mechameally. The Sciencect Politics is designed to teach how to orgaaizs ey State mechanically. Men aro to be mads bigpy and orderly, not by the cultivation of the Soy) but by the proper *ordering of external cireqm. stances. The dyuamics of the Soul, the forees that are not seen or felt,—except in their. effects, —these are tho powers that mold the e verse sod move it, but of the ex. istence of which the mechanical state. man dreams not. This mechanical age strives not after the Trne, aud the Baatifa, and the Good. Tho Useful—of which & thres. legged stoolis a famous exsmple—ia wht i prizes most. Unconecionsness and mystery ars the tokens of all greatnesa; bat mever waa there & more self-conscions sge than this, or one that felt the presence of myatery in man and Nataro less. Yot Carlyie is not without his positivs creed : Might is Right, and Genius slone i worthy to be worehiped. Such, it sppears, is the sum of his belief. True Might is true Right. Forca ia the arm of Justica. To beableto do, entails with it the duty or bligation to do. Nothing unjust can last in the world Might will displace it,—tbat is, Right, scting through Might. The lafssez-faire docicine, Carlyle abbors. The masses do not way to govern, says he ; they want tobe govemel. Lead us—rule us! is their prayer. The highes and holiest of human rights is to be govemedby the strongest. Hence, Carlyle’s opposition ta the emancipation of the megro. Tio Lskr question ho womd solve by making tho conin:y of the laboring olass & permanent, nots by porary one, To our democratic notions hs op poses aristocratic ones. Inthe doctrine of Fres- Trede he eees only a tendency to make wistmsa ests and wears as cheap and bad s possible. Opposed 88 Carlyle is to the doctrinesof the Utilitarians, 1t may well be doubted whetber his doctrine that 3fight is Right, i, to say the least, much better, He' bus ‘made himself & prophet in this age, Which be- lieves little in prophecy. On the fulfllmen of his prophecies will depend the words verdict concerning him. Oge of bis pre- dictions, at lesat, hus been falilled, viz : thad Germany must become Prussian or commit sui cide. Will his other prophecies be verifed? There aro those who believo they will, amog them men of the most opposite mods of thought, aod in no sense disciples of Carlyle. el s The scientific and the religions world are both badly in need of a theory about Adem sod Eve. Now that sclence has exploded the six-day sorf of Creation, and nearly all clerical thinkers havé acquieszed 1n ita denial of the Hobrew parstis or mytly, the position of our two common ances tors has been extremely perilons. The Churd is loth to let them go, aud the school is loth 1 let them stay. Tha two opposing rmies woud probably like to b reconciled, even it some of the moro belligerent chiefs bave not had thef £ill of fighting. The announcement of ane¥ theory on the subject will, doubtless, be balel with satisfaction by both. Wo fear, howerer that ita author, Mr. A. Hoyle Lester, bss oo sncceeded in providing standing-growd for either, much fess for both. He consumes 8m9 hundreds of pages in the endeavor to show thi Eve wes the first white woman, and thst the ser pont who tempted her was & megro, s mexber of some pre-Adamite raco. Thisides too many holes in the doctrine of the fallof moo ond similar toneta to be acceptatle 109 theological mind, whilo the extrema teauit? the argument for it will not recommend l‘“; the scientist. It s not likely that anevento such slight import would be recorded i “; sacred books of the Hobrews. If the s tbe Temptation of Eveiss myth, it, pestifr refers to some astronomical phenomenct. ) e must leave Prof. John Fiske to tell the ¥0! which one. If it is not amyth, it @s{_b': Dpoet's imagining of tho origin of evil. ~Neitt acience nor religion needs to explain it inore* to maintain the ground each has -kedr“h: The fact will mitigate our grief that its truh falsehood can never be cestainly knowa. ek S New Zealand, which has hitherto w:np!“m: rather obscuro position in the records of world’s progress, begins to loom upas & phe® some importance in a politiesl sense. JEI VoL, tho Premier, i3 man of grest smbif and the object of his life ia the establishmes! o & great Polynesian Empire, with New Zealsnd it centre and all tho islands of the Archi tributary to it. The means by which halfl{: poses to create this Empire aro com! ot character, namely, the formntiun'ol s joi Stock company, like the East Indis m‘ enjoying exclusive privilegos of trade betE New Zealand and all tho islends, the ° Zesland Government guaranteciog the % 5 por cent interost per annum OB the. e capital. Mr, VOOFL maintains that hil s jected company will create a trade which Dever beforo existed, and that this trd® % augment popalation. Tho project is 8 8PIEC: one on paper, but, as he will have to conte! individual righta snd » debs which B8 270, very large, ho will have plenty of work o2 %, before ho develops Lis new commercisl EBF There haa besn another scar inbl"“;: occagioned by the rumor that TwreD bt ol caped. From the mannor in which it origi2¥ 2 it deserves close investigation. At BALPTS oclock the bookkeeper of ;he”d Wm satoners Charity and Correction be: connectod with tho Penitentiary ot Dlscevelt Ialand signal for immediate sid, ;:n- i police, a3 grest danger was appreier same fignffm recorded in an .d]omlnzolflj: The bookkeeper touched the koy of the i: o ment to inquire particulars, when Io! th" brokes, and telegraphic communication ¥ off, The bookkesper immedistaly §AT® H WALT AR R e SRR B B epmmraEAEER e R e e m e Amd B - Am e s LA W e pre 3 t