Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 7, 1874, Page 3

TRI-WEEELY, Bhe Chitage Tribune, Mondny ‘Morning, Decombor 7, 1874. THE DUTY OF THE HOUR, At the prosent time, whon so many grave questions—questlons of the most vital impor- tanco to this nation—nro beforo tho pooplade- manding a solution, tho country oxpeocts, and Las o right to oxpaot, that overy mau shall do, his duty, And tho first duty in tho promises of every citizon capablo of thinking at all is to tako a living and practical interest in the questions of tho hour. No country in the world hag bofora it matters of such wagni. tudo as tho United States at the presont time, Tho ropudistion of our nationsl debt is throntenod by a party anxious for and san- guine of obtaining tho control of tho Na- tional Government, Could it obtain power, thore is no guaranico that it would not de- strdy our credit ag o nation, and put us in tho pogition of bankrupts. IE that debt bo nat ropudinted by the Domocrats, it will he in- sisted that the peoplo of tho whole coun- try shall bo taxed to pay the enormons ox- penses ineurred by the Coufederato States for tho purpot of destroying tho Union; and thus, if not bankrupted in one way, there is denger that wo shpll be in ‘nuothor, -The Democratic imagingtion will Do powetless to imngine n fitter way of clasping hands noross the bloody chagm than by piling the Confed- crate on {o the Unjon dobt, and piying both by the taxation of those who fought to syva the Union and to crush out the Confaderacy. Not only will the Domocratic party, if it re- gnin power, bo ‘enlled upon by its old com- rades in tho ranks to pay off tha Coufedoraio debt, but, as we have nlrendy pointed out ra- poatedly in theso columus during tho pnst fow wooks, to indemnify thém for the loss of their slaves, and for other losses during tho ‘War., We cannot predict witly certninty that the Damocratic party would listen to their domands. There is a possibility, however, that it should, and, where there is so much at stake, that possibilily should bo a sufficient renson why every person who loves the credit and good namo of his country should oppose its ncgession to power. with oll the energy na- ture has endowed him and by all the menns ot lig command, Nor are these the only is- sues. . Our pational finanees need Tegulnting. Our commercinl interests demand thaot they shall be regulated at tha carliest momant. ‘The party that ropresents the intelligonco and - property of the country will ba more likely to give that question the best solution, That the members of the party aro the propertied and business clpsses vory largely, males it thoir interest to give the currency question o speedy avd just solutjon. That they are the intelligent clnsses of tho eominunity is & guar- rat~e that they will find for the question tho best solution under the ecivcumstauces in whicu we are pleced. Noxt, there is tho Southern question, The whites have their rights, "Tho colored population lave their rights.. Both must be respected. ‘Tho rights of the ope must not be sacrificed to pleaso tho other clnes, The scomrity of lifo and property in the South must bo guar- anteed by just and equitable lnws, The prosparity of the wholo country demands this. Under Democratic Government thera would be no secarity for lifo in the South nor for property. The colored population would bo treated by the Government as inferior be- ings. This would inevitably rowso them to resistance, perhaps to deeds of violonce and bloodshed, What the South needs to-day is 3 Government that will be moro solicitous for the colored than for the whito mnn, becauso the whito en “can tnke cnre of himself in most parts of the South. 'The negro cannot. Let the negro bo protected, and there will bo peaco in the South, Leave him unprotected, awept awny,” Tho Repibliean party is party of order and of progress, To it bolongs tho future of this conntry just as cortainly na thero is n law of dovolopment that governs tho political lifo of nations, The Domocratio party bing necomplished its mission, if it over had any oxcopt to bring on the Warof tho Robellion. 1t i tho duty of tho homr lo recognizo this. Lot thero bo ne moro Lalk of ‘“no parly " and “indopondonce.” Thone avo Utopinu shibboleths, A nation without pnr- tles is & nation without priuciples, It s o uation without movoment, It is n lifeloss swamp, ——— . THE RANAWHA OANAL FOLLY, "Tho Richmond Chonp ‘Lrausportation Con- vention has shown a rendinoss to spond tho monoy and pledgo the eredit of the nation which Congross, in the. palmiost doys of subsidy.legislation, has nover appronched. It hns ndopted, apparently by o bit of sharp patlinmontary practice, tho roport of tho Bonato Committao on Inland Transportation, . This Committeo was appointed during tho lieat of the Granger excitement. 1t wont to worlk with sound and fury, nud recommended: tho digging of every possible aud impossiblo diteh which imnginnry notional intorosts or lounl greed could demand. If their #cheme, with its estimated oxpenditure of $800,000,- 000 to 8500,000,000, wers aver oarriod out, the nyerage fnhabitant would have moro canals to the right and the left and beforo and behind than the six hundred nt Dalak- lnva hnd connon, Tho preposterons report follflat. Now tho Richmond Convention Lins adopted this stillborn ohild and is trying to brenthe the breath of life into it. Tha rea- son for this is plain. Tho Convention is controlled by tho Virginia delogntes, A compounent part of the omnibus schomo it hns indoraed is the completion of thoJames River & Knnawha Canal. This ditch {9 now dug Irom tho James o & point in the mountains. - Virginia, speaking through the Richmond Couvention, usla the National Governmont to enlnrgo the part atrendy dug and dig anotlier part through one or two hundred miles of mountains to the Kanawls, including enor-’ mous monntain tunnels. Then she would like to have that streum locked, domumed, and deepened from the mountsins to the Ohio River, When all this has boen dono, at an ontimated cost of $100,000,000 and o renl cost of twico that amount, tho work will still be only begun. The Qbjo River is * fickls as a woman.” “To-dny it would float tho Great Enstern find to-morrow tho mythiepl Missour] steamboat, which can run onnhepvy dew, would run aground in its sand-bars, It isidle to spend millions of money in lacks nand dams for such a strenm. Tho first flood would pour down such a resistless torrent of water as would deposit every dam and lock on saud-bars between Cairo and New Orleans. Nature hns n fow rights that man must perforco respect. When sho hes thrown & triple renge of moun- tains neross tho routo of a proposed canal, aud when she makes river alternately A roaring torrent and o meandering brook, the best possible advice to persons about to dig o thonsand-mile ditch by ‘mountain and river is—Don't ! The case would be some- what differont if the projectors proposed to uso their own monay, but they do not, They wish to tax every man, woman, and child in thia country for a century or two, and four the money thus wrung from the nation into a hole in the ground, Gen. Imboden, of Richmond, eaid in the Convention Thursdny, that, if he were In Gongress, he would vote for an eppropristion of 200,000,000 for ditch-digging. " The party that votes such an appropriation need never trouble itself to run auy eandidntes thereafter, oxcept in the local- ities where tho money is spent. Politicians need'to understand, with .the greatest dis- tinetuess, that the peoplo pay too many taxes alrendy. Thero is n limit to all things, save the greed of tax-caters, Digging tho canals demanded by tho Richmond -Conven- tion would bo parallel folly to that of tho Czar who kad a raflrond constructed on lot lim fecl himsolf an outeast, a slave with- put a master to feed and clotho him, but with o thousand masters to lick and goad hira, and you can oxpect nothing but lawlessness and bloodshod. If the Southern business men and planters would only think of this, they would boless anslous for a Democratio Congress, ‘The Republican parly alone oau give security to the South by protecting the black man. The Domocratio party, by denying him equal protection .with the whito, will com- pel him to dofend himsolf #s best be onn, The absence of seourity in the Bouth consequent on the ndvent of the Democratic perty to power would keep it poor and react on the wholo country, for tho wealth of the South is part of our na- tional weelth, In viow of all this, the Quty of tho cili- zen js plain, The men who believes in placing the payment of our national debt beyoud a peradventure ; who wishes to op- posa the possibility of the saddling of the Confedorate dobt on the tax-payers of tho North ; who is jealous of our natiousl eredit and national honor ; who is anxious to soo the owrrency question sctiled in order that business mey not be roduced to mpoculation snd o succession of panics or quasi panics ; who is desirous to secure good govorument, peace, and prosperity to tho South, to whites And blacka alike, has no option ‘but to join thoe Republican party ond work with and for . Tho Republican party is not perfeet, Ko party is'porfect. But it is infinilely bot- ter than the Democratio party ; and betweon the two every citizen is compolled to choose, If thoro wera n botter party than the epub- Uoan party, we should adviso our readers to join it ; but thero is not and will not be, In the present condition of thingg, then, thoe duty of overy eltizen is (o join tho botter party. He must sither do that or do nothing; and to do nothing is equivalent to working with (ho enemy. Party organization fs a nocessity. To withdraw from party is to withdraw from tho lifo of the nalion. It has been fashion- able in a small circle of people lately to spenk of indepondence of party, Thore nover was en indopendont party, There nover ean be, Thero is room in this country but for two parties—tho Democratic and Ropublican. Detweou the-two overy mun mmst chooko. ‘The proponderance of intelligence, waonlth, honor, morality, and loyalty to the nation, are found with the Republican party. This shonld bo enough to docido the choico of men with any protentions to intelligonco, morality, and loyalty, ag well as of thosu who look merely to the pratection of their matorial intoresty, But tbe Republiean party is even more than we bave claimod for it above. John Btuart Mill says, in his work on Liberty: ¢In poli- tlos it is almost n commonplaca that o party of order or stability and a party of progresu or reform aro both necessary olements of a bhenlthy stato of political Jife, until the one or tho other slinll have so enlarged its mental grasp os to be a party equally of order and of prograss, knowing sud distinguisbiog what is 84 to bo prescrved from what ought to bo on absolute nir-lino from St. Petersburg to Moscow. Mo argued that the best way to go from one place to another must be tho short- est way, and ho thereforo hied his rond so built that it cost twice what it should, and left tho towns it shonld have touched miles away to the right and loft. ‘I'he mild maniacs of Riclmond draw o straight line from that city to the Olio,. and proposo to chango tho line into a canal forthwith. If ono mentions the Alleghanies, they reply that money will level them. And go, indeed, it would, but they cannot get it. 1If ono sketeh the real state of tho Ohio River, they shut their ears, Tven money, though produced by the salo of the pretlicst bonds or the greenest legal- tenders in ihe world, will not make that chaugeable stream n national ‘wator-way, Perpetunl motion will be an old invention before the James River & Kanawha Caual fulfills the hops so freely expressod at Richmond. The modern Mothusaleh, whoso other name is R, M. T. Hunter, has signalized himself during the Convontion by delivering an elaborate argument to tho effect that the Federal Govotnment had un- limited powers to dig water-ways, but none to build railways, botween the States. Thig seoms to Do o fair sample of tho intelligonce displayed by the delogates, Tho representa- tives of tho Northwest, although outnum- bered nud outvoted, have, however, made a good record. 'They sconred the defent of Tom Soott’s subsidy schemes by a heavy majority, and they have fought manfully for the two internal improvements most urgently needed now,—thd completion of work on the Illinois River and the cxcontlon of the Rock Island & Hennopin onnal, > The chiof trouble with the Convention hns been that it has represented Virginin ‘nnd Richmond much more than it Iins the nation, The peoplo want chenp transportation for the snko of the wholo country, not of any single olty. A convention like this only havms the cnuse it assumes to champion by allowing lo- onl interests to drive it into muking wildly ex- travagant dewnands, The noxt session is to be held in Chieago. Wo trust that the proceed- ings of 1875 may bo marlked by mors nation- ality of feeling and loss loeal projudice, ‘When o number of gentlomen spend sovernl dnys in asking tho United Btatos to expond n hundred million dollars ou a useless moun- tain ditch, thoy are meroly enacting n most unprofitable fore The Pope, it is said, has absolutely vofused to permit the Brazilian Bishops who lave come in conflict with tho vivil power to re- uwign their seos. Who would have thought tho old man had o much blood in bim ? It is rmnored in Washington that My, Jus. tico Bwayne, of the United States Supromo Conrt, contemplutes vesigning undor the low which allows him to do so upon full pay, Justico Bwayne is an Ohio v, und wus op- pointed by Prosident Lincoln jn 1864, Shonld the yumor prove correct, President Graut will have on opportunity to appoint bis fifth Judgo, thus consfituting o majorlty of tho Court, Tho othor Judges uppelntedl by bim are Ohiof Justico Waite, of Ohio; and Justices W, BStrong, of Penusylvania; J. P. Dradloy, of New Jorsoy ; and Ward Hunt, of Now York, THE POSTAL VIOE, The report of the Postmaster-Goneral to bo nubmitted to Congrens furnishes interest- ing information of tho operntions of the Tost-Offico ' Dopnrtmont for the year ending July 1, 1874, 'Who revenuow of thoe Dopnrt- meut for tho yenr wera 224,600,569, and the’ expenditures of all kinds 282,120,418, — aninerensoof rovenuoover tho provious yoarof 1,074,411, and of expenditure of 88,041,400, Including tho npproprintions by Congress for the transportation of public mails, the do- “flelency in - tho revenues of the Dopartment wero 30,250,004, ngninst $5,205,475 in tho previous yenr, “Thio estimatos for tho yenr ending Juno 80, 1876, -nve §16,004,031, ond the estimated Yovento at 889,148,156, lenving n dailciency of #7,816,878, * Thin doca not includo tho rovenus for enmryiug the Govornment mails, amounting to 22,000,000, The oporations of the dend-lettor offico shaw’ that 4,601,778 dond-lotters wero re- coived, of which 1,808,224 lotters, represent- ing in value 8,900,808, wera delivored. On June 110, 187, the postal servico con- sisted of 60,734 miles of railronds; annmal transportation, 72,460,545 miles; annual cost, §9,118,100, or 12,58 conts por milo, The an- nual transportation on " stemnbonts cost over. 20 1-2 conts n mile, and on ull other routes nt abont 11 1-2 cents per milo, T'he forefgm mail servioo lias been increasod to four mails por weale, The Intornntional Postal Congross that met at Borno in September, 1874, endod inn treaty by oll the Powers roprosented, Under this tronty o uniform lotter rate of 6 conts was adoptad. This rate covors all postages between tho offico vhoro the lotteris mniled nud that at which it is dolivered. Ench country is to collect and keep all the postage ou lettors ro- coived, During the yonr, the money-order depart- mont worked satisfactorily. Tho whole amount of money thus transmitted was over §74,000,000; tha avorago amount of ench or- der was §16.88. The rovenuo from this do- purtment over its exponsos was £10i,000, Thera wore but soventy-four onses of fraudu- lont pnyment, or one casa in ench 59,677 lot- ters, ‘The wholo number of Postmasters in tho United States is 84,201, of which 1,408 aro appointed by tho President. The number of employes of tho Postal Railway Sorvice is 2,178, and their compensation $2,351,509, ‘The whole number of porsons in the employ of the Post-Office Borvico is 40,000, Tho ostimate, for the year boginning in July, 1875, is, ns we havo stated, $30,964,000, ‘This includes §7,000,000 for salaries of Post- masters, and 83,400,000 for clorks. The compensetion of Postmastors and thoir clerks ignow regulated by no law. Postmasters in small towns .and cities, with population loss than 80,000, aro paid the some compensntion a3 is paid to Postmesters in the lorgo cities, ‘The. Postmaster of Chicago in paid 4,000, sud tho businoss of that office oxceods that of .any ather offica save New York, and yot thero are 200 Postmasters in tho country who roceive §8,200 to $4,000 a yenr ench. Thero is noed of a vigorous reform in this matter, and the Postmaster-Geuernl who frauldy acknowledges his inex- perience in managing o business which is not welf-sustnining is just tho man to apply the proper remedy to this sys- tem. Tho Post-Ofticos want to be clussified with rogard tothe population within the range of their delivery and the amount of their bus- iness, and snlaries should be graded down to meat this olassitication, At loast & million or o million and o half of dollars could thus bo saved annually without any loss to the ser- vieo'in ither tho ability or the efficiency of the Postmasters, 'The Railway Postal Bervieo is an odditional charge on the trausportation of mails... It costs 9,000,000 to trausport the nils on tho railways, and for railway postal clerks, routo agents, etc., noarly 8,000,000 more, This latter sorvice scems to be becom- ing expensive out of all proportion to the sor- vice, ® The subsidy of $500,000 a yoar to the Sen TFrancisco, Japan & China Lin is ouo of those gratuitics which cannot be defonded. It is an outrage upon tho country, There is no moro justification for it than there wounld be for voting §600,000 to each of the lines running between New York and Europe, It is a special bounty of half a million of dol- lms o year to o stenmship company, and for which no adequato service is rendered. The gratuity was authorized by Congress, but it is nonoe the less reprehensible, and should be discontinued at tho earliest date. ‘The Postal Service is one in which tho peo- " ple or6 porsonally aud directly more interest- ed than in any other branch of the Govern- ment. That Department is oue of notual, tangiblo service, and not a mere political ma- chine, It should bo mannged ag a business dopartment exclusively, and all abuses and extravagancos and unnecessary oxpenditures should bo cut off, aud tho service brought down to a purely business standard. If the Postmastor-General will take this view, and we think ho will, and can get the support of Congross, the Postal Servico can be madeself- supporting. Bubsidies are wholly forelgn to the proper management of the Post-Ofice Dopartment. RECIPROCITY. The Wool Growers? Apuoctution Don't Bolleve in It~Some ok Their Reasous ‘Thoerefors New Yong, Doo, B.—A protest againet the pro- voeod Reciprocity Treaty with Ounads is about tobo issued by the National Wool-Growors' As- sociation, ‘Che .document, which is siguod by the Hon; Heury 8. Randull, tho President, -di- rects attoution to the counsol given by Gon. Washinglon to avold polltical alliances in ex- tonding the commareial relations of the country, and atates that tho ireaty admits Conadian ves. sels to tho full enjoyment of the Awmerican coasting and lake tiado, and allows thom to be registerod ns Uniled Btates ships, 1t shows that the Ilon, Malcomb Cnmeron, of Canuds, admits thal tho tronty will sccuro tho highest prico for overything that the Canadiun farmer solls, nod the Jawest prico for all kiuds of goods. It sisles that tho poopla of Canadn now con- tributo about 0,000,000 in gold, paid for duties, ‘Tho troaty would surronder this snm, and rdd i to our overwuighted industry, and muke Can- adn u thoroughiaie for Hm\lrmlmg for all of tho world. Kvory brauch of (ndustry in Cene ada would bo stimulated at onr cxpenso” and conclndon: Wo_ insist, with full conli- donos in the truth of our Jmnltlun, that avory roal galn that Is onumerated au socured to us by the nroposed treaty ia ither now ours by tranty, or s frealy granted as a vosult of polioy by the Caundjeu wuthorities, and thut thero 4 110 noces- sity of o treaty to causo the Cunadians to allow our veasole, in time of poace, to pass from lako ta luko, through thair cunals, upou paymeut of tolly, for without tolly trom our vosnels etioh cn- nals would bo of littis valuo, und that ordinary legialntion {e ontiraly sdoquata to dutormino, and {from time to timo change, suy specisl rolationn with the ‘)unlplo of tho Dominlon thut grow out of tho fact of two countrioy hnln&m intimately conneated by reason of thair joining esch othor by = long Uno of boundary,” D. A GAGE, Fifth and Last Day of the Trial. MORNING SESSION, ATGUMENT OF GIDNEY BMITIT, Speeial Dispatoh to Th Chicano Tyidune, Wavkzoay, Ill, Doo. 4—Tho fifth .and last duy of tho trial of David A. Gago, ox-Clty T'rensuror of Chiongo, for failing to pay over £608,000 to him sucvoanor, bogan gloomily, but endad cheerfally for the dofondant. The sosston of the Criminal Coyrt oponed at the usual hour in the morning,—0 o'clock,—very fow poople bo-' yond those directly interested boing prosont. Othors, howover, soon arrived, and, bofora Mr, Bumith hnd fairly gotton into his nrgumont; the room waa erowded, . 1t was known that tho caso would go to tho jury about 11 o'olock, sinco Mr, Bmith hod told sovoral persous thas he would not oseupy ovor two hours, Honco the inorcasad attondance,—tho Iorgest diring any of* tho séayions, Among tho numbor wore about thirty Indies, who woro nll soated to- gothor, tho Court giving ordors to wust tho men who Lad taken posscasion of the benches in order to give thom the hest opportu- nity to henr, The expoctationis with regard to Mr. Bmith's cloning ‘argumont for tho Pprosocu- tion, though great, weroe fully ronlfzed,—his ro- minrks being charactorizod by & romarkablo clear noay of slatomont, and apparently incontroverti- blo.logleal deductions, TIEE INSTRUCTIONS. ‘ Tho Courttheu Instruoted tho jury, thoso for tho proseculion being na follows ¢ t—Tho Court fuslructu the fury thatif they be- Move from tho evideuce beyoud “n reasonabla doubt thnt tho defendant wag iho Treasurer of the City of Ubicaggo us churged in ¢he indictmont; oud thot his teriu of offico ns suchh Troasurar expired on tho 10th tluy of Dacember, A, D. 1873, nnd that Danlol O'Hara beeamo and was Lis succossor in_ofiico of safd dofond- ant ou sald 16th duy of Decembor as chorged fn the fudictment ; und that said defondaut, 18 such Troar- urer, recoived for spfe Xeepiug and dishursoment iho ' mouty mentloned fn tho indictment, oud i not diae Lurso the seme &3 guch Tressurer: and that the said monoy was o fuud establisbod by Inyy for public prporcs, e charged in tho indictmont + and that said Dafel O'Hara, s such suecestor in ollice of cald defondant, damsndod puymont of and from anld defendant of 'sald money, us’ charged in tho fie dlctnent ; ond that nld defendant fatied to pay over aud dolivér ald money to said Duxiol O'ilara, 43 stioh succensor, os ehiargad I tho ndiciment, thos tho do. fondant 16 guilty, st 1§ 4 tho duty of thio jury to find bim gullty, It o the duty of tho jury to decldo this cato solely wpon the fawand the avidence, and they Bavo o Tight to derddo it upon auy oftior {dew o proposition or supposition, Second—Tho Coutt {nstructs tho jury that they muat deciio thls caso by tio law and tho ovidonco adiaitted by tho Court, and thoy Lavono right to consldor nuy~ tliing as ovidenco which was nov admitted by the Court ; und tliey have 1o rigit whatevor to conaider anything us ovidenca which tho attorucys for the de- fandunt atated they could havo proved if permitted by tho Court ; and thioy huveno right to bo tuthuencod by any statements of iho attorneys on either wido unless such statemenis were fonndod upon the cyidence ad- mitted by the Court or resounbly or properly inferred from tha evidenco aduiftted Ly tho Courtas yropor and lawful evidouce, Pird~Tho fury are Instructed that, whatever the Lalance of fuuds mny hiavo biecn whicki lind Lron put into tho hands of tho dofondant _Gage s Treaaurer of o Gity of Chfeag uud uot yaid gul. or uisbursod by Wim by suthority of .law om oe about {hy 101k day of December, 1873, howas bound to_pay over the samo to sald O'itra, fs succassor . oflcor upon demand ; and thcrefora, i€ tho jury belleve from tho avidonca'that tho umount of _stich balance was §307,c 701,68 on_said 1Gth day of Docemibor, and thot gatd O'Hura, a3 eucgessor 1h oflice of snid Gaga, domanded uuch Lulanco of eaid Gugo on or about the.5th of Juu- uary, 1674 + that cald Gage fatled (o pay ovor enid bal- 5010 said O'lfurs a6 id_duccessor, wpon just do- mand; ond that any portion of nsid balouco. oxceods fug $109 vvas & fund cotablishod by law for publio. par- poscs, then o6 to syi publio fund, tho fullio of said Gago to pay over the same, constifuted o offenee un- der tho statute, for tho violstion of which tha ndiot- ment in this cuse waa found. Lourdh—"rhe Court ingtructs the jury that a reason- able doubt meann iu 1aw & eorious, cubatantisl, woil- founded doubt, and nat tho merd youstUility of o doubt, The Jury havo no right to go outsida of tho law axid the ovidenca (o search far or hunt up doubts (in order to acquit the defeudant) not lr!uhx? from tho ovidenco or tho want of uvidonce; that the former good character of the defendunt cannot shivld or pro- tect b from the consequences of his acts, if the jur; bellevc, from the evldence, boyond a ressoriable doubl, that thlo defendunt & guflty oe charged in tha indict: ment, Fifth--Lastly, Tho Court instructs tho jury that, upon the question of demznd mentioned in the m: aleimeng, feia not necessary to prove that tho preciso autount of monoy yled I tho indictment wea all o fund estabiiuhed byAaw for publio purposee ; but it (8 sufliciont, on {lie question of exid demand, to show by the ovideuco that, a portion of eaid money, to an amount oxeeeding §100, was a fund eatublished by law for publio purposes, q FOR THE DEFEN2E, . On the part of the deicuse, the Court jn- structed the jugy as follows : Firat—~The Court Instructs tho Jury thnt thoy aro the Judges of tho law and tho facts in thia case, and that thaey re mot Lound by tho opinion of tho Court as to ‘what tho law {s, and thoy can acsume the responsibility of decldlng, oach Juror for himaelf, what tho Inw fs, Second—1hio jury are instructed that the dndiotment 10 this caso fa not fuatained unles thoy nro: eatistied boyond a reasonable doubt, from thio evidenco in this case, that the eum of $607,703.68, alleged to havo been domanded by O'Hars, or ut lezst an- nmount thercof exceeding $100, was then and thoro a fuud atablishod by Taw for publle purposes, Fhird—Theyaro further instructed that 16 15 not aufliefent that thy ovidenco should oliow that tho aum of $517,70.69 was at tho timo of suld demand in tho Liunds of the dofendant s Treasurer of the City of Clicago, and was fho monoy of said city ; tho proso- cution must also satisfy the Jury that tho moncy waa & fund eatublisliod by Iaw aud for publio purposes, o an’ amount exeroding $100 theroof ; and, unlss thioy are ‘satisfled of this fuct boyond a rozsonablo doubt Trom ll.l.i evidenco in the ease, they must tud defendunt not Ity. & th—Tio jury aro further instructed that depiosity fn banks with or without futerest nro simply loaus of mouey, aud that thero s no difference in faw bolwaen loans 10 o bank sud other corporations, or porsons or Individunls, {fth—Aud tho Jury aro further instructed, ns o mattorof law, that the itom of §18,619,68 which appears in tho Int {rial balance-sheet of David A. Gagons Treasuror of the City of Ohfcago to the orodit of **wharfing—private mortgage,” was mot & fund estublialied by law for public purposes; and that tho dtom of 3800,78, which appears in said balunce-shoat to tho credit of 'tho Polica Lifa aud ealth Insnrauce Fund, was ot n fund ostablished by law for publie purposes; sud thut fhe item of $4,117,01, which appears 'in suid balanco-sbeet to' tho' credit of tho Jonsthan Durr Fund, wes mnot n fund establishied by law for public purposes; and that on indictment utder tho act of 1633 cauuot bo sustalned ageingt tho dofendnut for faillng (o pey sald sums over to Lijn suceassor, . Sizth—Tho Jury are instructed, a8 o matter of that if, upon tho facta and cireumstanaes in {hia cago, thioy Lavo a reasonublo doubt of the guilt of tho do- foudant, thoy should render vordict of not guiity, Sevonth—Tlo iy uro_fustice tnatrustad thal, by See, 240 of (ho Crinitual Code of this Stute, it fu pro- vided that a crininul offeuso_conaluis in a Violation of & public law, I tho commission of which thera shall Lo & union ot jolnt oporation of act und intsntion, or erumiual negligencas und thiat by Sco. 281 of said codo it Is provided thut intention s wanifested by alreume stances connected with tho perpetration of the offenso cbarged; aud that, from ull the facts aud oiroum- stunces #1 tho caac, J? tho Jury entertain a reasonablo doubt upon tho queatiou of intention or eriminal noglis gonce, they must find $lo defondant nok gailty, TIRM OF VERDIOT, IC the jury find the defendant_guilty, thoy must fix bla terny of Imyprisouaent n_ the Touitenilary for a perlod of not less thau ono uor moro thun few years ; aud, If they fud him funocont, they will wimply say so, ‘Tt jury loft thoir box at tho conolusion of tho reuding of the instructions, being takon into .n unoccupied room on the secoud floor of tho building that thoy might consult and make up their vordict witliout being disturbod, Immodiately aftor thoir departure, although it was but a quarter after 11 o'clock, @ rocess was talken-until 3 o'olock in the afternoou, ‘Lhis afordod sulliciont time for indulging in conjecturas, Byery ono scemed coufident that tho” vordict would be ‘' not gullty,” doubtloss bocauso thoy balloved the jury hod as wmuch sywpathy for Mr, Qago oy thoy thomyolves, e S AFTERNOON SESSION. THIE VERDIOT, Tho Cpurt opened promptly at 3 o’clack, thero belug but fow foet of standing-room in the hall, Anoug thoso prosont was Judgo MoAIlIu_wr, ‘who Jias beon mueh improved in hoslth by ux'luklyg tha Glon Flors spring wator of Waukegun, The Olerls had Lardly flnished saying tho formula, *Qyoz," ote,, when somp one rushed up-staird, and whispored to those mnear tho door *not guilty,” The rumor, for ft was such ut that timo, quickly sproad through tlio assombly. l\}r. Gago and his counsel looked hopotul But anxlous; Alr, Nood was evidontly not in tho bost of bumor, DProsently tho jury filed iuto tho room, aud their countenances were watchod to dlscovar indioations of the rosult. Quo or twa of thom Jooked toward Mr. Gugo and emilad, sud tho roport was confirmed by their glanves, Thoy took thelr soats in the box amid an awful silenco, whish was broken by ‘Tho Court, who esld: Gentlemon of the jury, lisvo you agreed upon your vordiot, Dr." Wood (tho foronian)—Yos, alr, The Court—Paga it up to the dlork, This was douo, Tho Qourt (ta tho Clork)—Read i, Qlerk Lucas—**We, tho jury, find tho defond- ant not guilty." Tho word *not" hnd hardly escapod his lips bofure o fow pooplo bogan to olap their Liands ; othary ioiue L und tho npplauso was_prolonged fors minute, The Couttumilod, Mr. Dostor, Mr. Bwott, and Mr. Uumrboll npproached Mr, Gngo and congratulutod him, It {8 soldom that ono Kooy . A8 IAPYY A PARTY. og that whioh surcoundod Mr. Uaga, *Iiank" MoLaln, n folloy who ia remastkablo for his faeulty [n tolling mll{gh nlorios, was 80 jubilant that ho “yofled out, dirgoting ho * romark to Htate's-Attornoy Lieod, *Now Yyou fea thore in o doubt,” Mr. Gago ndvanced to whoro Alr, Ttead waw alitihg, gloomil slaring at tho jury, and shook handa with him, "Tho shako wes roturned ; but Mr, Reod did not scom in & talkative mood, Tho spuctators had in tho meantime been lony- Ing tho oourt-room, and In five minutes it was comparatlvoly empty, Tho Jury woro then dis- chargod, and Mr. Gage and Lin friouds haatoned down to tho_depot to tolograph tho vordict to Chicago and roturn homo Abous’ nrfi poople followed thom, and ns tho oaramoved off * throo cheors wore. given for ‘*Dave Goge.” 'hisis o indication pf the un- gccountable hold Mr. Gage, ot ontire strunger to them, lind upon the sympatines of tho poople of Waukegan ; thoy belioved him guilty ot ntooh- nieal violution of tho lay, but nat of an intont to appropriato the city’s funds, ¥ ¢ is anid thnt tho Jury tiked tho mattor over for half an iour boforo taking p ballot, disouss- ing tho quostion of intention, and that whep thoy did vota tho ballots showod that thoy woro unauimous for nn;luiml. . Tho presence of ona or two mon from Cliloago wha would liave no hesitation in attompting to coTupt & jury if the opportunity were pressntod thom gave ride to % B BOME RuMonsy . which reflected sovorely upon AMr, Gego, Ionco it Is but just to stato that Loth ho aud his conn- ol bohavod during thoir shore stay horeinn maunor which would refuto any chargos that they Lud resortod to chicanery to fnflubeo tho Jury s and, whilo it is truo that etforty wore mado by ono man to gain wocess to tho jurors’ room at tho Waulkegan Houso, it fu tho gonoral beliof that Lo was prompted more by o desire to leern the views of the jury than by impropor and cortupt motives. Tho trlalwas a long and tedious one, and, though a little spiciness was occastonally’ Intor- Jeetod by tho disputes of counyol, evory ono Is glad that it is over, aud that Waukogan hes re- turned to ita normal conditfon. s IN THE CITY, CONGRATULATIONS AT THE PACIFIC. Witen tho train reachad the Milwaukes dopot inthis city, quitc » numbor of Mr, Gago's friends, iucluding Goorge O. Walker, Ald Woodman, snd ex-Ald. Cox, wero waiting to congratulato him upou tho fortuuate result ot tho trinl. Aftershaking hands with them, ho toolk his enrringo and wan driven to biy resldonce on dlichigan avenne. ' Cougratulntions wero tho order lant evenfug at tha Grand Pucitlo Hotol, "Tho boro of tho hoyr, David A. Gago, was not present, but his brothioy, Mr. Georgo Unge, was tho mcg)leut of many ex- pressions of eativfaction that David wag acquit- tod, = Posted in o couspicuous placo in the vostibulo of the hotel was o memorandum dispatehed from the Zrening Jowrnal at hinlf-past 2 p. m., {nstmlny. and signed by I, A. Shuman, snnounciug tho~ vordict of tho jury, Livorybody connected with tho place seemod buppy, The clerks, gonisl at most times aud over roady to obligs, wero last eveniug bowllder- ingly nttentivo to guests and callers, and tho doy indicated by tholr merry twinkling oyes somo- times found vent in lsughter, n sooming lovity aud want of soriouspers which the ccoasjon alone oxcused, It was thonght that a *“social® gathoring of friends would take placo therp to celobrato tha triumpl, o8 it is regardod, but as far ag gould bo learnai no mecting came off, ng. it was undorstood that Mr. Gago, Dayid, was op- posed to ft, 2 THE FARM AND GARDEN, The Ghange of FarmeLabor-—Di¢lora once in FarmeHandos—Looking After Small Thinge~'Tho Elfcct of Water on the Olosing of tho Neason—t'o Correspondents—The Middlemen m No kord ‘Times-Condition of tho Corn«Fodder — Bistributing Frafy from Ohicago—IZow 23 Per Cent of the AppicaCrop 18 Lost—T'he Produce Exchunga, From Our Agricultural Correspondent, Cuaxratan, i, Dec, 5, 1874, Wo are drifting along toward the ragged edgoe of winter, and havo passed the long days of hard work, and axe among tho short days of many caren; a constant demand for Jlittle helps; days of odd jobs and small chores. This is A TRYING TIME for many farmera aud farm-hands, and many of them fall at thig polnt. Many farmers and farm- bands who can do good days’ work when thoy bave o stoady line of work for all day, make o decidod failuro at this timo, whon they have to 8o Lobbing around, an hour at thie, a holf-hour at ihat, and, when all the small mattors aro attend- ed to, put the toam to the wagon and go to haul- ing manure. Of two farm-hauds oqually valua- blo for summor-work, one may be good for these odds and cnds of work, and the other of littlo or no valuo. One walts for you to dircot him,—to switch him, like a depot- engino, from ono little job to tho othor ; while tho other kunowas what 8 to be dono, and sots himeolf about doing it. And, whon work becomes slack, and o part of the help must be dismissed, you havo no besitation 1 fixing on tho one to part with, ; The cago {s diferont with the farmor who can do nothing out of long rows of corn, or large cropa that require o stoady effort ; for, with him, it is not wages, but a loss of profits, orot products, . . THERE 18 FA‘I!!XZI‘ Py . of this class, His wife wanted him to got in the boots, curros, and pavanips ; but to-day thoy aro in tho ground, frozen fast, and will bo 2 total loss, And yot Mr. P iss hord-working man but ho cennot comprohiond that gomo things- must take precedouco of others; or, rather, ‘when tho time comes for action, it must not be put off, * Well, John," said Mrs, P, & morning or two ago, when tho moreury was withip o fraction of zero, * thoso beets aud things in tho gardon aro ruined; and we must go without them this wintor, It would havo takon less thun batf & day to bave saved them, oud you should havo left off corn-husking when I wanted you to, aud put thom {n the collar.” * Woll, Jane, T knaw that is 50,” sald 3r, P, a little crastfallen “but I did uot think that it would freozo that night, and I wanted to flnish that flold of corn that was ot “You know, Jobm, that froozing of the carn would wop barm it; and that the putling " off of this work lina'lost us tho vogotablos that wo 80 much noed, Liaut yoor, half of tho potato- crop wad lost in tha same way, The fact is, John, you must make up yonr mind to look after these Bmall things in tine, us I do vot like to go with- out vegouables durlng the wintor,—at loust, at- ter it hns beon 8o muck trouble to grow thom,"” Angd tho good wifo passed hor apron ovor bor oyes and wont Into the house. Bir, P did uot monu to noglect thoso things; but 1t wes mob . in - lls wature to look after small things whon ho had Iarger onca to look atter, a8 though tho small things did not make upmuch of the comforts of lite, This may account for tho many poor gardens fn tho country; the farmora canyot find timo to look after them. It is tho capaoity to'look aftor tho ontire neods of tho farm that makos the differ- onco botwoon one farmer's guccass_and that of auothor; and, in farn-hands, tho differenve be- twaon couatant employment und the waut of {t, Thavksgivivg s over, followoed by o suow- storm of unusual snvnrxt{ for the souson. In tha early aettlement of tho country, whon tho slough”and ponds woro fillod with' wator, and the wholo surfaco was damp with tho autump rainfall, heat wee givon off slowly from this grant body of water, and mild weather was oar- riod for Iuto Decembor, aud not iufraquently through tho flsb waok iu January; but now THE OHANGE HAS BECOME PERMANENT, and wo miay o8 woll dismiss the inden of opon weathor into Degember, l’nut\lrufiu. woadows, oud cultivated flolds, all al ovApora- tion, and thus tho old conditions are waning, ond nothing is loft to give off bheut, Tho old sottler wondors if {ho sensons won't chavge hack agaln, Of course not; for now the sloughe huve lonyg drains through them, and, if not plauted to corn, aro in graws; oud the ponds huve boeu tapped, and vass o taken tho placo of thae tall rushes nud ilaga, whilo tho lost drop of wator hos disap- pearod from tho wurface. It is this thut hug brought onr Thankegiving so much nearer winter thun formerly, T'ho samo oauee that hnstons winter aluo pro- tracta it, During tho warin porlods of winter, thore avo no large bodlosof water fo tako up and hold tho hent by changing back to water, and the wlnlmr in t:luzu ogrrlod crwknrd l;mnug %l:o dl:ya o: apring, aud wo have n weok oF two sublraated p j.gus ond of the gosson, Wo oy gount the two y tho 2:35 train.. onils of tho soason thus olippod o8 noarly oqual- Ing o month, Wo mny 2a well make up our minds to this now alalo of things, ns thero in o prospect of amoudmont, for it s n ohange made permnnent . by the now conditions that aro imnposod ; and, Ao long au thous romaln unohangoed, sio long maywo logk for the sliortoniug of tha eonson, s This chango 18 NOT LOCAL WITIU UB, but affects tho wholn sottled and ouitivaled por- Lon of the Northwest, and oxtonds far into the Gatton Blates, whoro flio forests havo boon cut down anil cufhiire h;n ovaporated tho moluturo irom the moil. ¢t fs n_complaint, mado of Iate yemsd, that the late Bpring- frosty have Loen carried farther Houth than formerly,—ihna endangering tho unrly-"lnntud cotton, and inducing n ly Slant- ing,” Iyvonty yenrs B30, It wns n comy ' tico with tho farmors of this connt ¢ ogin [inutlug corn April 25, but now my =it do- 1ig B beforo May B, ten doys In! £ the pouds uud sloughs wora® fille S, wator, and it wwns difioult to got Iuto oy 4 acconut of the badronds § but ne += 4 fg littlo complaint on that seore, Wo <ada vory {luo antumn to do farm-wark, “Sihio closiug Is rathor audden, Tuty will Q0 offoct to draw moro freoly on the fodf o & $7rve, ng tho pasturago ia cut off for thoy' &5/ TO CONNESPO; N 5 1t is curious hoy lottarn ‘. tlato syhen one I not prompt in " disponing of frem, Many. o ta tho Wasto-basket, and athera aro disposed of by printing them or writing n private answer. But thoro i another clusy thet aro lnid by for future uno, tho subjects to bo writton up at. the pru|l1ur timo; but the propoer time does uot come, or the matter is pnshod aside, Somo of these have bieen roplied to incidentaliy, To-day I have been sorting theso out, and wmaking o note of thoso thnt nond attention horeaftor; go avery pozson who has supposod lig or hor lotter lost, mislaid, or iguored, mny know just Low it {a, and bo assuved that thoy have not beon forgot- ten. Thoro are many lottors in rogard to the now order of ‘middlemon,—tho ORANGE BELIAXG AND TURCHASING AGENTS,— bath sidoa of which o advo iy but, I rogret ta oy, In toa many inutancos without die Togard to tho rights of all. ‘Phore s much to bo paid on both uides of this quekition, and I profor to walt and 1ot tho new uystem prove ftuolf, which it mugt do in p whiort timo or fall. No doubt that many of tho Gratigo ugents will prove Luth honest and capable.” At the samo time, thoro are s lorgo numbar of Auch ngonts that have boon gselosted that havo neithor oxporience nor intogrity to commend thom, and have boen uveloctod Ly votes, just ns ofico-seokers manago to got votos by dint of imporiunity, and chus folst thowselves ou a confiding peovlo, Lvery porson who hag oceasion to use an agent should look to it that the porson has business- oxporience, and that ha makes prompt roturns 3 and, a8 o rulo, ho will be betior norved Ly somo wol-outablished business-houso than to put bis froods into {ho hands of somo person of whom ho knows little. A smull por cont of those new men succoed m building up o new business, but tho greator pumber foil's and Ido uot seo'why this rulo may not prove ns inoxorablo with thas Granger as with any other clags. In fact, wo are Luving proof of ‘this too ofton alroady, to shut our oyes llfillhlsl this oft-reponted result. ‘Pbus far tho Stato and County Agents of tho Farmers’ Ausooiation, that started olf o grandly £wo yours ago ut Bloomington, IIAVE ACCOMPLISHED BUT LITTIE which little ia growing boautitully leas, while bustuaes has gona back to the old elanuols with very little modifieation, and thera is. little foar of any materinl disturbance. Not long sinco, I was listoning to halt-a-dozen mon talking over this mnttor of buginoss. Thoy nll agread that it wag desivable to havo one great supply store at tho- county-sont, where goods could be purchasad at net cost,—somothing on the plan of tho Zion Purchnsing Agonoy of tho Alormons. But quo ot their numbor suggestod that this store must purchase all the farmors' oggs, but- tor, hams, poulmry, potatoos, and vogetubles, The moro thoy discussed tho mattor, the more vias it appareut that one store of this kind for a faming population of 45,000 would bave to bo very large, and thoy would havae to ompk:{ near- l{ &ll tho donlers and clorks now ougaged to do tho work, and, ng theso must all bo_paid, thero could bo no groat gain. I concluded that they ware losing faith in this system of co-pporation for a farimers’ atoro ; and, the moro that it is in- veatigated, the less nttractive it will appoar. It {3 woll to talk theso things over, to sooif thera aro not some leaky that may bo stoppod, A yoar sgo, my door-bell was wrung daily by H0ME DENEVOLENT PERSON, who desired to do the Gravgors good; but, judging from thoir absence this yenr, I suppose thu{lhzvu uot mot with ss much oncoursgonent a8 they ‘auticipated ; hienco thelr disappoarance to somo othor field of useful employment. At dleut, this county prosented an inviting fiold Lo this cluss of men, g8 no county look more firmly to tho Farmors' Clubs; but, fortunately, thoy | made no great wmova to chouge the ordor of bueinoes; and then qur couria Lad sent sovoral ?umous to Joliot for doing our farmers in ho wuy of Liayforks and cortain patent games; and to-day this whole alass of benovolent men appear to givo this counly a wido borth. U'ho wholesale grocor and dealor in cheap dry-goods liavo not wholly abandoued us; but they tind so littlo oucouragoment that thoy Lave not pressed sales. Our would-be lending Grangews Lave given their efforta to politics, sceing thut busl- ness wad toking care of itself; and in that innocent amusoment thoy became o abeorbed that all othor things have been loft to Prospor; and, though crops aro light, we Loar little come plaint ot hard timos, Bnow has baon ffl'“m{l for somo days, and is now about G or 7 inches deop,—an’ unusual qunatity for tho soason ; in fact, it is seldom that wo havo as much during oy part of tha wintor, Farmers will tako 400D CARE OF THEIR FODDER, a8 this onrly uomng-!u of winter will admonish them. Tha coru-foddor is filled with the castings of chinoh-bugs, us i shown by tho discolora~ tion of tho iusido of tho sheath of tho blades ; and this is a serjous drawback on its valuo, 0§ tho insccts lave abstracted tho grain ond thus lopsouod ity value. Cattle that are nllowed tho range of tho corn-ficld shonld hmvo at least ono feading of hay daily, in addition. Early in the fall, considovablo complaint waa mado in rogard to tho had offects on stock that fod on these chineh-bug corn- stulke; but, of lato, this apponrs to binve givon way,—probebly on account of tho cold woather dnutragmg tho insect, or drh'in§ it to the ground ; but wo should keop a good look-out in thmo, that it does not redues our stock too much, aR at best the foddor is losa nutritive than usual, DISTRINUTING FRULT ¥ROM OUIOAGO. Bome partios at Beuton Harbor and other fruit-poluty in Miohigau hnve concsived the Flnu of muking Chioago the ventral point trom which to distribute fruit, "The machinery for this is ro bo » commerclal agoncy of fruit-denlers sud orchnrdlats that slall aontrol all tho poiuts to which shipments of fruit can bo made. Tho ¢ orchardist 14 _to be put in possussion of tho come mercinl standing of all thoso denlers, and, it he profors, ha may ship dircet to any of thom ; or, ho may alu?‘w cortaiu housos in Chicago, and thoy make tho distrihution. "This, it is supposed, will koop prices at o' fair average, and provent a. glut in the market. 3 It is proposed to obargo the opchardist 5 ns a preliminary feo to put the plan into oporation, T'hus far the plan bas met with Httle rosponso, a8 tho frult-growers aro slow to make sny change in thoir relations to thoir agents, who have served them so well for tho past; and it wey be n question if tho proposed plan is muok, if any, in advance of thut 5““' #ned at prosent. The fruit-growers of Alton and tho Cobdon district had moro_difliculty, in tho proper distribution of thelr fruit than tho Bliohigan growars, who havo nhipren mainly to Ghicago, uud allowed the surronnding voiuts to diaw from that one great centre. This has proved to ba tha true polioy ; aud, as o genoral thiug, a)l fruit-growars, ufter thoy Lave aupphied oll thoir local customers, ehip the surplus to the grand contro. But this is only a partial remedy, and wo NEED HOMETIING BEYOND 1T; in ghort, wo must Lave some Plau by which all the suplus frult moy bo utilized ; and this a point of the firet importance. Ilavo shown, on o former occasion, that, on on ayerago, ub lenat 26 per cont of tho apple-crop islost., The groator part of this conld be savod iu yinegar, An orche ardist who mnkeunlmrb of hin spplo-crop into oider and vinogar told me, tho othor day, that he mado over 3,000 gallons of vinegar, or eidor for that quantity, out of u orop of 3,000 bushols of apples, Allowing 4 gallous of vinogar to a bushel of “upplos, wo havo §00 hushels of the 2,000 turned into vinegar 3 but this fu not quite trug, in ono senso ut lonst, Ausuming that ho made 1,000 bushels into oldor, Lo would have §,000 gallons of clder from what {8 cuiled tho first pressiog, and 1,000 gnllorqs of cidor for vinogar from the socond pressing, Phis would lesye 600 Lushols of waste apples for.vinogur-make ing,~—3,000 gullons, or 25 por cont of the crop, Wheu the applea began to ripen for market, it wag found thut quite a Iargo porcontuge of thom wero fundor gize, \wm\r, or {in somo way unfit for shipping ; ‘and thoso were saved, ground, and prossod for vinogar, with the res sult us statod, Now, this oidor will roquiro about two years to bo changed into flret-class cldor-vivogar, Without hnving verified tho fact, 00 ouo would suppose that there was go lavge & wasta in the apple-orchard, aud so slmplo & romody at hand to save it Thero 16 8 » . GROWING DEMAND FOR OIDEN-VINECAR made from cidor, to voplace tho stutf sold under that namo; and Lhera ls 1o reagon why it nhould 1ot bo mado, 08 thoro Is 1o Inck of e fea Jog is now goh:g to waste. If ono hna only & fuw trees, and connot afford oldor-preus, o oan mako o leach, just ag thoy are mado lo leach nehios_for monp-malking. Put the applon in thig from day to day, and lot tho jnies rn from the deeaying fruit, and put it into woll. nintod, Iron. houtid eauks, and got thom In tho gl hado ; and, in fl’nguzvm(ur, put in tho collax, out of tho roncl of Wo will supposo that oyaporation,: lenkago, ‘and tho soltlings of, the easky, amount to unc- Tourth, the orohardiit will have 1,600 gallons of vinegar, Bu pposing that Lo solly fl:iu at 20 conts por gallon, exclunive of tho casks, it wil amouut Lo G) conts o hnshol for this wasto fruity and, if wo allow one-lalf for tho mpking, stor ing, nud gelling, wo havo 30 conts n bushel ar the net ‘valuo of thess wasto apples, or in tho nggrogato, £150, as an added profit: on an orohard of 2,000 bushels. As_n gonernl lhlu;i, after deducting labor and other expensas, 1t 18 donbtful if tho sound {list-clnes applea avoraye a not profit of more than 80 conts w bushel,—the hguroa that we huve shown for thoso tnrned into vinegar. Thig would givo s not profit of £(00 for tho 2,06¢ busholsof applos ns thoy row on tho treos, Now, whilo we_aro complatning of low pricog and glits in tho fruit-markot, wo allow this groai wasto Lo lenk away n Inrgo share of the roturng -that our awn want of knowlodge or of uttoution i constantly pormibLing, ‘Cakittgg Ltho uhovo an w basla of oporation, the manufagturer of cifler-vinogar could afford to pay tho orcbardist 80 conts s bushel for his \asto npplos. Al of this implios eapital in ordor 1o socure Lheso results,—not only capital, but business tact and babits and this will call into roquigition o claas of deslors or manufacturers, to bo looated among the orchards, who will worl up all of this surplus fruit. It'sppesrs to mo that tho flrut movo to oqualizo tho snles of fruit nhould bo fn this direotion, ‘The surplus berricd, peaches, charrios, cte., shonld bo canned or dricd ; and, when tho pricois too low for ubipe ment, thoao eutablishmonts would soot regulute tho merkot-domunds, A i THE PRODUCE EXCHANOE Vel 1o doubt do mcl lo\\‘ard.ruguluini tho pricoof fuwt in Chicago, ua oy’ will kuow, rom day to dav, the quantity turown on tho mavket, und will bs posted as to the crop. As n matier of course, it will bo tho Intorest of its membara to know the standing of their corro- spondents in oll the towns tributary to this producc-trado ; and it is for them, not the orclardist, tolnvostigato this subjoct and know who to ship to. e will supposo that an orchardiat bas carly applos, chorrios, grapes, ote., to ship from Contraliv, It would bo to tho iutorest of dealors south of Chicago to purchase of him; but, in practice, this ;ilflfl not been found th o most urtisfaotory. 1n caso tho orchardist uses his own judgment in regard to tho quantity per duy, the murkes will bo either ovor or understooked, and the pricos never autis- factory. Homo arraugoment must be mado with tho groat body of .uluppors ot Centrahe, #o that & cortain quantity may bo sbipped dnl]y to tho seyoral intormediato points, o all points bo- yond Ohicago tho cags is dliforont, nm;' tho dagle or onn order through bis Onicago houso what ho uny uced from duy to day. It will thus ho seon thnt, Ao for as distributing fruit from Chicago, the great contro of tho trade, the systom 18 ASSUMING PERFEOTION a8 noar as any other commercinl mattor ; aud that tho orelinrdist, ns such, Lag littlo noed of auy new organization to ba created at his ex- pende in ordor to disposa of his products, Tho orohardist must boar in mina that his saics are to bo made through othor partios; that Lo caunot, s’ .tho @amo time, be an orohardist ond & salosman, and that ho should bo careful to put bis goods in the handd of roliablo partics, whoso reputation is s guaranteo of falr dealing. But ho hina an inter- ostinthoencouragementand building-upofaclage of small manufactures for the drying and ouring of fruit, and the makingof ciderand older-vines gar. If ono orchardiut, having 2,000 bushels of apples, oan make 1,600 gallons of cidor-vinogar out of tho imperfect and unmarketable fruit, and thrao-fourtbs of s gallon to 8 gallons of cider mado, most cortaluly others can do tha snme thing. Trult-growiug, with all other departments of rural economy, muat bo managed under general rules, and a closo watch kept on tho points that nroliablo to lonke, We hear much eaid in re- gord to dishonest commission-men; but, aftor an oxparienco of more than twonty years with shis “class in Chicago, [ e fros to say that, to my knowledgo, uono of them havo wrongod me owt of o eingle dollar, and I TAVE AN UNSHANEN CONFIDENCE IN THEM, I always deal with old-established boueos, snd tako no stock in the man who aro smbitious to build up & man and business at less than TORU~ Ior rates, that tha old housss have found need- ful to maintain the business in a hoalthy condi= tion, Tho sooner that wo give up the idos of gemng something for nothing, ‘it will be the otter for us. To thoso Graugors who com- plain of tho oxtortions of dealors, I would au §1 Holl your farms and bocomo denlors, sud amoig tho dealors stand, and have o happy time—if you can, Runan. DISSATISFIED LABORERS. opecial Dispateh to 4'he Ohicayo Tribune, Prrrasune, Pa, Doo. 5.—At last, aftor anothez weok of consultations and conferencos of an in- dofinito number, tho puddlors aud iron manu~ facturors havo como ton dend lock, and tho puddlors havo thrown down the gauntlet in {nau- gurating o strike. This will produce a sad state of affairs, Tho last ?rupnumou offered by the manuigeturers is as follows: On a sealo of 8 to b uunhler pound for iron, & reduction of 1 por ton, and to follow the prico down to 21§ ceuts, card ratos, at tho same rate of reduction a8 in the scalo. This ot 23¢ conts, would mako bolling $4.50 per ton, “This, the munufacturers olaim, is not only thelr proposie tion in & nutshell, but A FIRAL AND LIBLRAL ONE, particularly in tho Intter clauso, which promiscs good prices with mmru‘nfi; botter times, 1t is stated that Troy, N, Y., was latoly visited by n prominont Pittuburg puddier. Tho men are out on u strike agninut a roduction from #38.75. Danville, Pa,, pays $8.50 per ton, and Berauton 28,060, whilo in that purt of the State ordinary labor ouly commands 90 conts per day. ¥ THE WANT AND SUPFEHING $hint will result from shuttivg down onr greatosy industry has alroady beon stated in_theso dis- patches. 'Ihousauds of hands aro now idle, and the puddlers will throw {fully 100,000 more out of employment in this oity and other parts of the country, .. An officar of ono of tho largest mills in thig city met a coal-operator and dealer in ore from tho Inke yogions to-day. Tloth woro on tho sama migsion. *What is going to be dono ? wo want to know," says thu coul man, “Ihave forty families ‘of coal minors in thirty-six houses, Arg your mills goiug to run noxt week, Mr, —w—, and do you want conl 2 Ore-denlor—* Do you want ore 2" As usual in roply only one angwar could ba mado: *“Wo really can’t say anything dofinite, gentlomen, and o tho visitora departed, thg coal-dealer not knowing whother his mon sbould ba discharged or not, and the ore man 1n a bad box avery wany. A In tho matter of conl onoh mine averages, say 4,000 buskols por day, uud the thirty-tive who TUNPOBE HIUTTING DOWN will thus mrreaonf. 140,000 bushels por day. Zug's will shut down this evening, and othors will foltow in rapid successlon as fust as thoy can oloar up their orders, ‘Tho rosult of to-day'a mooting hui craatod (}uuu 8 sonantion in thiy city. Peoplo aro lookiug forward to a vory bard timo.. This striko alo aifects the mining and lImn roglons of the Bheusugo and Makouing Yal- oya. 5 POLITIGA—IT.— How Senator Sponcer, of Goorgia, Oba tudned iy Sent, BoNTaoeny, Ala., Dee, 5—~Tho Blato Sonate hay ousted Miller, Nepublican, and seatod Mars tin, Domocyat, On tho organization of the Abe toruey-Ganoyal's compromige L -gisluturo in Jan{ uury, 1873, & quornm of Court-Room Ropube lican Ropreeoutatives was seated in tho House, Intha Scunto tho Republicans roquired ous Bonator to make 0 quorum, and commenced a contest for Murtin's seat. Tho mattor wns ro- forred to o committeo, who reported that m countivg all tho votos Martin, Domoorat, was oloctod by 260 mojority, and incounting ouly the lognl votau he was elogtod by 205 ioajority 3 but, by the rulings of Llout.-Gov, Mokinatry, Millor'was sonted and Martin ousted without allowing tho Scnate to vote onthe quostion, The Domoorats fearing, it they did not submi, thho Itepublioans would agulh withdraw wu sob up & new Court-loom Legisluturo, and sscuro Podersl recoguition, contented themaolves with seofng that the journal vtatod 4ho fucta s thoy ocouyred, with o Tormal protest onterod at largo theroon, It was this soating of Miller which gave Bponcor the eoat in tha United Statos Hauato, ¢ After tho lagt olootion,ihe Sonato holding over, Magtin potitioned for hin wont. Tho potition was_reforrod to o commities, which reported tho forooiug faats, and recommended that tho Honato rosumo praccodings st tho poiut whoro thoy Lind boon brokon off by MoKumstry's ruling, u{ prooooed with whab was, lu fact, the sys- ipnddd contosd, Thiswas agraed to, sud Martin was deolared ontitlod to tha goat,