Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 8, 1874, Page 9

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1874—SIXTEEN PAGES. st their managemont of the railways :‘::h:' their calm and deliberato way of iness * iog DUSIDESE ! ns scem to Tun on all except the & ey 35 the ry rare. The offcials have t of exactoess iu regard to ;,‘;ma & certain Amot holy way, 84 if the sub- £ o 31 £ either brain or consclence. . had. tho machine keeps Toduced to & cpace, but (B0 T or complatn, All i g P"":S:fl:x“:l- At the station. 3 man cries = ‘oth eides of the track, * Take 0 men, O womenl” Justas the e e erain tho oo forbioas B 17,5 the chambers in tho old-faghion- i,n-»“";"ui:‘ \bem, aro populous with fleas, s 408, BY 1o0e divan, covered with dicty Tacels 80 ot no European chairs. The tickets "";fimflmmm % mbic, excapt the firsi-clas, which are i o road to upper Ecypt, T ven- Uity myaiation e ratience, ufier wilting three ared 0 X e aaily slow tain, and finiug that its peon £ BE00%) } evenbeen announced by tele- wheresbOul B Tt remember,"” sald the official to st 300 et this 4 3 uew road, and i takes wom RS, | versthing in order.” m:.um]cmfim ‘the road been open 2" X asked., How % “oply fve OTEIIETT 4 4o Bave tho trains run- 4o you e he # And wheo ‘or fifty years?” I inquired, appentimet 18 1000, %1nd e ofcial, mever sus with s ave 0 E ed P o 0 Gl will ). o epjoyed the favor of an interview e, m,Csizo, and urnishes tho T oiog skeichof His Highness: i L ihe Ehiedive's father, the famous ‘Baving onco 15 ©old Lion of the Orient, in Pasb, 158 P00 und easily found a strong 3866, i FUTeSs | OV formers face, But it was & ce 1o B epeertul likeness. ~ Tomail Pasbia softer, Kindefs JOF o and of the medium beight, igabout 47885 P\ D malies bim appoar shorier. atbongh BY G ik of chest and tno mas- In spie o B8 FThis logs, be moves with sve SIS cor: and Lis face, phlegmatic in quickzess £00 1F bt and snimated When he speaks, ey eyes glesm under the ratber bushy D e £, a'and voluptuons, 2a in all the ok e B S expresuive, without thse grim bt e ers whick indicafe a cruel indoxibility e Cvears bis own thick dark hair under the dwill, Peird, clipped moderately close, ""M'fln- K cost. of tweed cloth, gray trou- et B lesther boots; a eingle ' dlumond in s the culr ormament. . .. His man- g hersception, wes Lhat of s ‘thoronghly- * m‘%flmfifli of the Khedive is directed ather to bis 0D personal aggrandizement than to the benefit of his people; yet the oforts be is making to develop the re- sources of bis Empire and increase ita rovenues \edinibemain to their advantsge, materially ot spistaadls. They complain bitterly of exces- sive fazation, of their belpleseness in the hands of their rulere, and of the negiigence and cor- rupton of both civil and eriminal courts. The Fellbs or pesssnts of Egypt are industrious, patent, a0d good-bumored. The work of culti- witing their 1snds is not much less thanitis song the agricalturists of Europe, The fields fave to be manured and plowed, and the labor ofimigating them roquires daily supervision and il The popular ides tbat crope grow in the ferilo valley of the Nile with only the trouble of pasting and resping, is altogether a mistaken oze. The lifeof the farmer is scarcely esaier hers than on the prairies of America, while it ‘urdens and privations are far greater. When Mr. Taylor visited the site of sncient Memphis,in November, 1851, M. Auguste Mariette, the eminent French archezologist, then 28 or 30 years of age, bad entared upon the self-imposed tssk of exiuming the ruins of Egypt in search of antiquities. Since thenhe has stesdily con- tinued the work, under many discouragements, but with the reward of many valuable discover- ies. The Egyptisn Museum which he bas col- loctod st Csiro may now be pronounced the most extensive in the world. The researches of M. Marietto show that tho glory of tho Egypt- isnart resched its culmization in the age of Cheops, and was in iws decayin the time of Bsmeses 1L (Sesostus). They also carry the cuiture, religioz, and political organization of Egypttackto the Third Dynasty (4450 B. C.), and hibag Menes into view, ot 258 primitive bar- barian, but as the descendant of many geners- ticzs of civilwation. His discoveries throw, too, et light upoa Egyptian chronology, and cor- rbarate the sceuracy of Manethe's table of the thirty dynsstios of Kinga. Among the myrisd precions relics preserved b 1. Mariette's collection, none more impressed Yr.Taylor than the life-size statues of painted Imestone, which illustrato the oldest period of Egrptian art. The most interesting group was fouad some two sears ago, in an ancient ne- eoplis, about 50 miles south of Caira, It com- prisestwo statues, whose inscriptions show that ey represent the Prince Ra-Hotep and the Piscess Nefer-t. Thoy eit eide by side, in pla, messive chairs, in easy and nataral atti- tedes. The drapery is etifly adjusted; but the linkd and the muscles, the joints, hands, i feet, are carefully modeled, and the heads ¥ill compare with the best portrait-busts ever thiseled. “Nothing can be finer than the del- csle individuality expressed in the two faces. Eis is strong, proud, asserting suthority ; bew, Kind, sympathetic, yet carried with the air of ome to whom respect Binevitably paid” The eyes are insaried,—the hites being of opaque quartz and the iria of rock eryetal, reflocting the light like that in the human orb of vision. These, with the other Temsios of tha exicst and highest Egyptian art, Tepreseat » txpe of the Caucasian or Aryan Tace. Much more freedom and strength of mmm &re evident .in their attitudo and ex- Pression than in the senlptures of the Later Empire. '.ln oz of the rooms of the Museum, the mag- sificant fewels of the Queen Aubiotep (of the frxfime-m Drussty, abont 1700 B. C.) are ex- tedin 8 lurgs glass case. The bracelers, caminge, chaing, and disdems, are of exquisite Yorkmanship, and would rival in besuty the ar- ents of any modern Quoen. * fim leap from Egypt to Iceland is long ; and ‘h:“mnnt between the land that basks under e g el sun, and that which liea undor g o 2000 of the North, is sharp and start- s py Mr. Taylor places the two countries ui::’ &ide in his Jittle volume, and the pliant lmml::nd-w itself to their unnatural Tho thousundth agniversary of the settlement Ieland by Ingolt of Norw lob B Aogustof ay was celebrated oD ‘@ present year, and Christian IX. el sk, of whose crown tho island is an m‘: chose the oecasion for s visit to his e, b u;‘_:"“{*“”]. The event brought the b l@in the Arctic Ocean into sudden o pee; 20d as wherever the interest hflf moment chances to centre, Tepongae 07 sppears the special - cor- Pondant, . we find the ubiguitous in- g 2@ B0t in due season, with vigilant e ready pencil, Mr. Taylor Was commis- by the New York Zribune to assume the a8 ¥ or i :fl‘zl"i Mr. Taylor eailed from Aberdeen, vid, l!rm the eteam-yacht Albion, in company Ediagy Cyrus Ficld; Dr. L I. Hayes; Murat “d, of the Cincinnati Commercial; Dr. h"‘"“vfi of BO;lon; Ar. Gladstons (son of Premier), and Prof. Magnus- :;d“ Cazbridge, The trip was com- i hr:z thres week's time, and io- 1] pyery 0P8 on the Orimoy, Shetland, "‘W.me(h“‘ "nl ull:n ‘vfylga ouy, and & Y8 in Ice The trip to the Angy e -only jonrney into the nfiemr— ¥ f“." developments in the physical geog- gy the island, aud tho description of the i mz‘:r.'n;iuhvxfiea was recounted at the time I e MEPRpers, M;‘grun after the Bcandinavians hsd [ emselves in Iceiand, Lhc sntire habit- g porr O ita territory bad become settled, sud ewyy, D o, fneressed by emigrationa from m;.n":n;h xxlix;;d. and the Hebrides, Vet 28 as at any time since. &'fl?‘!m inroduced into the island in o ’&hnxm ier dawned that marvelons era Uorg gy culture, when schools were opened it . island, and the arts of reading and ! T9 taught to every child. Daring "’i\mlm"-‘“-"“” and fourteenth cen- gy oo oring was, in the rest of Chris- flhn:"nm‘“ the monssteries, the Iaymen Ngyyy F;:;l Creating s manuscript literature Nu“ unhemm in the world. The Glon, o wicich {4 wils dompated, 20d read in almost every homachold 28 800n 28 they were prodnced, and became the property of every individusl. For 400 years Icoland remained an independent State. It was then wasted'and weakened by juternal dissen- sions, and in- 1263 - acknowledged sllegiance to Norway. A century later, in 1880, it fell with Norway, by iuberitance, to . Denmark, in whose Ppossession it has until the present remained. Since lceland fell a prey to the civil fends which ended in its subjugation .by a foreign Power, its prosperity has steadily declined. The island has been aflicted during several centufles past with terrible eruptions of its volcanoes, with frequent periods of famine, and with the plague of small-pox,—all of which have, togeth- er_with the neglect and oppression of its rulers, greatly reduced its population, snd brought the romnant which remains to a condition of pov- erty. Eighty-one per cent of tho inhabitants live by raising cattle, and about 10 per cent.by fishing, 1o 1868 there were 550,000 sheep on the island, 85,000 horses, and 25,000 cattle, while the value of the trade with Denmark was estimated at a little above $1,000,000. It is hoped that a new and brighter ers hag opened in the history olt the island, and that the constitution which King Christian presented in person to the in- habitants will restore to them s portion of their lost rights, and open opportunities for the re- covery in some measure of their past pros- perity. The spirit ¢f the people has been broken by the centuries of misfortane which have suo- cessively rolled over them ; et they have pro- served their honesty and simplicity of character, and, under a sby and stolid demean- or, hide bright talents and an un- usual intelligence. The months of the long winter are still zealously devoted to study, and the treasures of their own literature are uni= versally acquired by them, while no small num- ber make themselves masters of the langnages and literature of other countries. Mr. Taylor ‘met geveral young Icelandic girls who could con- verse with him in French and English, while he Was more than once called upon to exercise his wit in responding to the native men who nd- dressed him io good and fluent Latin. *I have rarely,” he says, **if ever, been so profoundly intorested in & race. Not Thingvalls, or Hekla, or the Geysers,—not the desolate, fire-blackened mountaine, the awful gloom of tho dead lava- plains, the bright lakes and majestic fiords,— have repaid me for this journey; but the brief glimpse of s grand and trne-hearted people, in- nocent children in their trust and their affec- tions, almust more than men in their brave, un- murmuring endurance.” CELSUS® “.TRUE WORD.” CELSUS' WAHRES WORT. Vom Dr. Tmxopos Erne, Zurich, 1874 The first litorary attack made on Christianity ‘was that of Lucian in the Perigrenus Proleus,—a satire on Christian martyrdom. The second was that of Celsus in his Alethes Logos, or the * True Word,” now for the firat time restored, and translated into & modern lscguage. Hitherto scholara have had only such fragments of Cel- sue’ work as were contained in the reply made to it by Origen. Thaoks to the labors of Prof. Keim, of the Uhiversity of Zurich, they now have the whole. . Celsus was & very different man from his pre- decessor Lucian. Lucian was a mere scoffer. Celsua was » philosopher, and a man of immense erudition. Lucian was only literary. Celsus was scientific 88 well aa litorary, Kor Christisnity he bed, it is true, nothing but contempt. To him it was only s mass of superstitions. But he dreaded moroe than he scorned it. He loved the ancient gods and their tefples ; and his book is at once an apology for heathenism and an attack npon Christianity. In this age of the world, only 1700 years after the appearance of Celss’ book, when 80 many critics, philosophers, and scientists are dealing their blows fast and heavy at Christanity, it is exceedingly interesting to look back to the be- ginniog of the intellectual conflict betweea the * Eingdom of Heaven ™ and the euvironing and opposing forces. The war between them has been long and earnest, and is far from ended. Christianity seems to have mare vitality. to-dey than it had in the days of Celsus. Its prospects of life are at least as great as when the * Trme Word " of the learned Pagan was written. It has survived the attacks of Celsus and of his successora Porphyry, Hiorocles, and Julsn. It has weatbered the storms of medimval skepti- cism. It haslived through tho periods of Eo- glish Deism, French Infidelity, German Ration- alism. It may outlive Evolution and the Cosmic philosophy. But the codtest goes on. Renan and Tyndall continue the fight begun by Celsus. They are, it may be, more formidable than he; but the Christianity they bave to deal with is a more formidable antagonist than he had to en- counter. The Alethes ZLogos of Celsus was & masterpiece of learning, logic, ssrcasm, elo- quence, and invective for the period in which it was produced. It is, for that matter, a master- piece still. But'it did no more to arrest the onward march of Christianity than does & bulrush to stop the flow of the Nile. It was a straw used to roll back s Nisgara. And who knows but that 92,000 years hence Tyndall’s late sddress before the British Association at Belfast may not be made the subject of a similar remark? It may remain like Celaus’ work, a foesil argument in the museum of Christianity—curious, able, by 0o means destitute of merit, but ineffectusl to arrest the grest movement. All this we say withont passing sny judgment on the divine cheracter of Christianity. The iustitution that has ‘outlived the attacks made on it for 2,000 years may outlive them 2,000 more. But to the work ituelf. It i evident from Celsns’ book that he was, on the whole, s Platonist; his standpoint that of the Platonic philosophy. Yet he teaches doc- trives bardly reconcilable with those of his master; as, forinstance. the eternity of matter, the existence of a good and an evil principle, the unity of nature of manand the lower animals, and the mortality of the soul. It was impossi- ble that s personof the extensive reading of Celsas should pin his faith to Plato slone. He shows great familiarity with the writings of Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Empedokles, and other philosophers; with the religious systems of the Egyptians, Assyrians, Indians, Persians, Ba- mothracians, Hyperboreans; of the Drwds, Zo- roastrians, and others. His acquaintance with Greek literature was not confined to the philoso- phers. With the poets, dramatists, and historians he was equally st home. Ho 1ad studied tho customs and opinions of the people of all nations, not excepting those of China and Japan. He was versed in Natural History, in the science of Music, and in Magic. His acquaintance with Judaism and Christipnity was not confined to books. He had studied the lives of the Jews and Christians about him. Mosheim thinks he associsied with Christians, pretending to be a Christian himself. It would seam that he had more than once attempted to reason with individual Christians on the subject of their faith. He relates how the Christians of his day were wont to meet inquiries into the truth of Christianity; how they invited them to believe and not to inquire, and assured them that Faith would save them; thst the wisdom of the world was evil; that they were crucified to the world, and the world crucified to them. He seems to have been better acquainted with the first-and second books of the Pentateuch than with any other.portions of the Old Testa- ment; and in them he finds ample sonrce of merriment. The * Letthere be light,” the story of Bve's creation from a rib. of Adam, of the temptation by the Serpent, of tho Deluge, the Tower of Babel, of Jonah and the whale, of Dan- ielin the lions’ den, afford him an opportunity to display all the resources of his wit and sarcasm. To him they were all as incredible and improb- able 2a they are to the modern skeptic; and he speaks of them pretty much a8 thousands now do. He bad resd the Gospels, both canonical and apocryphal, and apparently without drawing soy distinction between them. ) su’ boall 84 restared by Praf. Kelm tf i vided into four parts. In the first part, he troduces a Jewish Rabbito attack Christianity from the standpoint of the Jewish faith. In the second, he himself attacks the Jewish religion, for which he has no more respegt than for the Christian. In the third, he essays a refutation of the main Christian doctrines, one sfter an- other. In the fourth, and last, he defends Heathenism as opposed to Christianity. Celsus does not admit the Jews 1nto the ranks of civil- izod or cultured pations. Still lesa will he allow the Christiana that honor. Christ he accuses of having been a deceiver and an adept in the artsof magic. He cannot conceal hia disgust with the unendurable crowd who constitute the Christian Church, with tbeir modes of proselytism, and their pitiable contempt for the images of the gods. Their indifference to the cause of the na- tion and to the Commonwealth arouve his indig- nation and his patriotism. If he had ever ob- served anything of good in the Ohristians of hia time, he takes care not to mention it. Judaism he looked upon as the first step 1n an apostacy from the natioust gods, Christianity asecond and o lower. He finds that a8 & people the Jewa never accomplished saything worth recording; that they inhabited only a small corner of tho world, and were never distinguished sbove other na- tions, either by poaition or by virtue. Btrange it would be, he holas, if such a people were God's chosen children, as they had the impudence to clsim. Compared with the Christians, however, the Jews are estimated & superior people. The Christians, having and belonging to no nation, were like 4 set of vagranta. There was in Chris- tisnity nothing ancient, nothing venerable or ‘more honorable than the dogs ana goats of the Egyptiaos. Their * great Church” was made up of recruits from the lowest orders of society, —of slaves, of women and children, the poor, the uneducated, and the vicious. The person of Christ he paints io the very darkest colors.” He was born out of wedlock, of a common woman, learned the magic art in Egypt, performed his wonders, and declared Himself to be God by its means ; congregated about him the basest of men ; with them led a vagabond kind of life ‘was condemned to death by his nation and aban- doned by His disciples, who showed them- selvea more faithless to him than a band of rob- bers to their chief. The special doctrines of Christianity he rejects as absurd and impossi- bie. Of the incredibility of the Incarnation, he bas said all that science cab say. 'God, he tells us, does not come down to carth. He does not leave Hia throne, God does not become enamored of » rustic maiden, nor dwell in a mortal woman. He is not powerless beforo a carpenter, nor needs He the assistance of angels. He does not eat. He needs no voice. He is no slave. He does not hide himself, nor fles, nor tromble nf desth; cannot be chestised, mor despised ; is not subject to sickness or death, propheta to the contrary notwithstanding. He cannot be betrayed. Of the Resurrection, Celsus says that, had Christ arisen, he would bave shown himself first of all to his enemies, Dot secretly to his Disciples. . “The fundamental error both of Judaism and Christianity is, according to Celsus, the notion that all things wero made for man—in other words, the anthropocentric theory of the uni- verse. This error he attacks with all the weight of his learning, and &ll the bitterness of his sarcasm. He compares the Jews and Christians to & meoting of frogs croaking out: Everything reveals God tous. God leaves the whole uni- verse, and settles down among us. He never intermits sending us messages, in order that we may be with Him forever. And so the worms say: Thereisa God. After Him we are next in importance, We come from Him, and aro made in His imago. All things are subject to us, and serve us. And so say the Jew and the Christian, All things are mado for our service. Inthe Old Testament it is related how He gave his loved ones asses, and shoep, and camels, and how He dug wells for them, ete. Tired of chastising the wicked and of threatening them, He at last, as if waking from o dream, comesdown, or seuds His Son, to punish the bad and reward the good- Celsus will not admit that. God has any care of the details of this world, or that man isany dearer to him than the mesnest and lowest creature. The world was not made for man mare than for the worm. It i8 remarkable how like to Celsus’ objection to Christianity in this particu- lar are thoso raised in our day by certain dis- ciples of Darwin. Celsus’ argument moy be characterized 23 an effors to dessroy Christianity by demonstrating that the account of his birth of a virgix is & fio- tion; that the success of Christianity was due to deception, practiced first by Chriat and then by his Disciples. Christianity itself he considerod dangerous andrevolutiouary. Ita doctrineshad in them nothing criginal, but were a mosaic of scraps from all the religions of tho world. Be accused ity adherents of excluding from smong them the wise and the good. Ho takes issue with them on all the main points of their faith. He attempts, too, to show the reasonableness of Heathenism, and tho necessity of worshiping the gods. No book written in ancient times against Christisnity bad 80 much interest for scholars as that of Celsus. Its restoration by Theodor Keim i8 an acbiovement for which al Jovers of antiquity will thank him. It is impoa- sible to close it without realizing that there is moro in Christianity than was dreamt of in the philosophy of Celsus. Hsd there not been, it would not have kept on progressing up to the present as if Celsus had nover lived or written his Alsthes Logos. —_— The Hotel Frankfurt. The above is the name of an elegant hotel which was opened uuder the most favorable nuspices last evening by Henry Berg, Esq. un experienced and careful host, who has tho assistance of a tasteful wife and daughters. The bullding is the handsome four-story ‘marble-front on the southesst corner ,of Randolph sirect and Fif{h avenue, a location aliko convealent to the trovellng public snd city guests. Tho hotel occupies three extensive floors, and, be- sides finely-furnished parlors, reading-rooms, office, and billiazd-rooms, thers aro fifty-threo Tooms for gueats, sl elegantly fitted snd fur nished, and roplste With every conveafenac. The house will be kept on tho American plan, a dining- room and cuisine of capacious dimenaiona being con. oniently located on the second floor. The new hostel- was thrown open in the presence of several hundred invited guests, who wore cntartained in a regal man- ner by the host and hoatess. In addition to 3 feast of tho first quality, there were music and dsncing, aug other facilitios for enjoyment, which were well {mproved by the ladiea and gentlcmen, ‘Under such auspices, and ratey_compatible with the times, the Hotal Frankfurt must becoma popular, 0il-Paintings. To-morrow morning and during the dsy Messrs, ‘Elison, Pomeroy & Co., st their auction-roosas, Nos. 84 and 86 Bandolph street, will havo on view a cholce col- lection of high-class oll-paintings sent here for salo at suction by & prominent Now York art-emporium. The catalogue émbraces meny really chofce specimens from the easels of well-known home and foreign art- ists, The pictures aro equal to anything that hos been offered for sale in this city, The sale is to baa per- emptory one 1o close out 3 collection, and any con- templating adorning their bome with s lasting work of art should be early in attendance at the sale, which commences Tuesdoy next at 3 p. Jewelry, Clocks, Holiday Goods, &e. D. W. Van Cott & Co. having purchased the stock of A. B. Van Cott, and removed -the same from 124 State to 78 State street, will, on Afonday, at the Itter place, offer for sslaan elegant stock of silver ware, ‘bronzes, and ornamental goods, clocks, ailver-plated ware, and jewelry of every description, The stock embraces tho best part of that large and magnificeut collection of goods recently on sale at 124 Btate street, and will be disposed of st privata ealo st the now stare, where great hargains may be expected. Parties wil find it to their interest to buy holiday goods in ad- vance of the season, a8 the stock of jewelrs embraces everything that fd elegant. An tion of the goods is respectfully solicited, Metropolitan Business-College baa fremoved to new and handsome rooms over the Public’ Library, corner Wabauh avenue and Madison street. Persons deairing to preparo for business pur- suits- will here find overy facility, at lowest rates, Bookkeeping, writing, law; arithmetic, grammar, spelling, short-band, etc,, thoroughly tsught, Life ‘membership $50. Day and avening sesaions, Meeting with Great Success. ‘Wendell & Hymsz, jowelers, 235 Wabash-av., who Dbegan theirclosing-out salo of rich jewelry a fow dayn 3g0, preparatory to retiring from retail aliogether, are mseting with a wuccess that shows people know when genuine bargains are offered. As their stock was im. m willdzd s aad full assortmeat yei o S PRyt el e ‘INSURANCE. General Aspect of the Situa- - tion: Present Attitude of the National Board on the Compact of Withdrawal. Additional Statistics of Compa- nies Now in the Field. The situation of matters relative to the gener- al business and genera! interest of insuranca in Chicego has been without material change for saveral weeks,—the quiet condition which suc- ceeded the grand disturbauce felt on the with- drawal of the larger body of the National Board Companies having continued up to the present time withoutany perceptiblointerruption. Bumors and conjectures of a probable disolution of the compact of suspension, occasioned by the fact that = number of compsnies, constituting & power in the National Board, were known to be engaged 1n insurance in Chicago, with greateror less publicity, notwithstanding the official con- dempation of the field, bad recently obtained general prevalence, and were very interesting to that portion of the community whose only sources of information are in ramor. During the week preceding the last meeting of the Board, how- ever, which was held in New York, Thurs- doy last, when, s was well known, Chicago = would = come up 88 & problem for solutios, or at least for argument, an idea that made headway by s more logical procoss than is apt to ba the fashion of rumor, became, to a certain extent, curreat, cansing & slight agitation in insurance circles, to the effect that, Geu. Shaler having nccepted, etc., and circumstances geuerally being auspic- ious of certain local reforms that would improve the situation in Chicagu, tlie probabilities might indicate & decision in favor of immediate re- sumption. The result of the meeting, &8 pub- Licly announced yesterday, though a formal do- cision was postponed till another meeting, is be- lieved to poins to a gradual resumption by most of the compauies, tho improssion beinz that, ‘even upon s dissolution of tuo compact of with- drawal, tho return to Cuicago will not be & grand A rocent article appeared in TuE TRIDUNE, 88 will be remombered, purporting to give, withoat disparagement of the many first-class companies which bad decided to withdraw from the city, a detauled statement of some length, touching the immense actual strength of insurance capital still remaining a8 & protection to property in Chicago ; statistics, facts, figures, aud items touchivg the lustory, the sntecedents, the capi- tal, the resources, sud present position before thé commaunity of a pumber of companies still doing business among us as usul. The 8cope of the present article, as in the former case, is not to exprees opinion and preference, or to ad- vocato a certain clags 0f cOmpanies or & certain theory of insuraace, but to present facts and an- tecedents which are matter of reecrd and of his tory, or to give figures and statistica of capital and securities as they appear upoa the published statements of companies believed to be in good repute in the commsreial circles of the world. The items will in geners! be fuund to be correct, and indicate that we still have among ns & gen- eral system of insurance that is, for the most part, sound aud solid, Lionest, reliable, and per- manent, and wortly of the contidence t0 Le re- posed in the trae principles of the business. THE AGENCIES OF 8. H. BOUTHWICE, which have maintained the old and even tenor of their ways duzing tho period of excitement, in- clude the Union Matual (purely stock) sod the Fame, of Philadelphis, and the Farmers’ and Drovery', of Louisville, Ky. The first company, oreanized in the doys of Washington and Jeffer- son and the rost of our; great-grandfathers, has the weight and strength of a venerabla namo, and the prestige of over seventy yeans of experi- ence and history, including such items as the payment of $10,000,000 indemnity to policy- holders. The Fame has a record of eighteon years with a carefully-regulated, conservative business,—litigation, it is said, being ontirely foreign to its experionce. The Farmers' and Drovers', though of recent organization, has a paid-in capital of £200,000, aud is roported to be in bigh regmte in insurance and financial circles. Mr. Southwick, who estsblished his present agency in April, 1873, Las the reputation of a thouphtful, careful, and successful undor- writer. The busincss developed by the agency would seem toindicate great care or great foresight in distribution of risks, and avotdance of objec- tionable and over-perilous districts, the losses in the July fire, for iustance, being limited to 3200, while the aggregate losses of eighteen months bear no material proportion to business aud profits. THE ALLEMANNIA OF PITTSEURG, heretofore mentioned 88 an old ‘company, whose record would seem to indicate a general ad- herence tothe plan of avoiding special hazards in al! the great fields of business, and of caltivating that class of insurance which contemplates per- ‘manent success, and the integrity and safety of insurance capital, still coniinues to write, 28 , in the city. Figures and statistics ex- hibited by the managers of the Northwestern De- partment, Mesers. Hopkins & McKnight, 147 La- Salle street, indicate the business of this entire department, during tho past two yesrs, to have beenso conducted as to secure a very large margin of profits in each of the States respectively. A rocent statoment of the Company indicates a ‘paid-up cash capitalof 200,000, with assets to the amount of $486,864.38, including £118,000 cash in bank. The record of the Company for prompt settiement of losses is said to be a very honor- able one, a case at hand being a considerable loss in the lute fire at Greencastle, Ind., adjusted and paid in full, by the Chicago agency, withic five days after the occurronce. 1t should be mentioned, in this cooncction, that Mr. Chureh, the Ohio Insurance Commis- sioner, known for the stringency of his rulings in regard to insurance companies, lately reported - that, after a perdonal examination of the affairs of the Company at Pittsburg, occupying ten days’ labor, be finds them to bein » sound and satisfactory condition, and up to the require- ments of the Ohio law. THE PAIRFIELD FIRE INBURANCE COMPANT, of South Norwalk, Conn., mentioned in a recent article as one of the Board companies, reputeds tobe of n strictly conservative charscior, uow writing o8 usnal in the city, first established an agency here in December following the great fire of 1871, with Messrs. Farmer, Atkins & Co. (now 86 LaSalle street), sgents, who represent, also, the marive department of several large companies, their esrd appearing ou our first page to-day. Tho statement of the Fairfield presents a paid-up cash capital of $200,000, with a very handsome surplus aod reinsurauce fund, with convertible assets to the amount of $314,548.47, The character of these, a3 well as the moderate and cautious plan on which the business of the egency is understood to he conducted, have probably done much to bring the Company into general favor among well informed classos of business men. The plan of tho Company is to cxtond protection to property in any of the three prand divisions of the city, exclusive of certain objectionable_districts, adhering to full ratos, however, and taking risks with special circam- spection 88 to local conditions and circam- stances, The character of the business ia per- baps best illustrated by the fact that tho books of the agency indicate a handsome balance of 60 per cent profits in oxcess of all loases to Nov. 1, of the present year. THE DNION OF CHICAGO, 8 new local company, which commenced b ness under the proper legal authority in Angust, 1874, and under the auspices of s number of well-known business citizens of Chicago, home office 157 and 159 LaSalle street, was organized on an suthorized capital of $500,000, with $£100,000 paid m, which has since been increased with a view to making the cash capital $200,000. The Company seem to have insugurated busi- wuess with great en , and give evidence of con- siderable activity. Small nisks are accepted 1n all desirable ueighborkoods throughont the city, and & general systom of agencies established throughoat the country. The Union is indorsed and recommended to public favor snd patronsge 28 a conservativo institution by Such Dames a8 R. E. Goodell, N. 8. Bouton, Dan 0'Hara, H. D. Colvin, A. C. Hosing, Samuel 8. Rogers, Leroy Church, John McArthur, C. W. & E. Pardridge & Co., znd others. The present Board of Directors contists of the following persons: Nelson De Golyer, C.B. Bouton, Alonzo J, S8awyer, 8. A. Boswell, Joseph Hubbart; President, Nelson De Golyer ; Becretary, J. D. Woodward. W THE PMPIRE OF CHICAGO, ‘which recently passed examination at the hands of the inkurance Adthorities of the Btate, recaiys ing the Auditor's certificate of authority under date of Oct. 1, 1874,is a Chicago inatitutionin the strict senve,—local in organization, manage- ment, capital, and securities, the first directory including the following names, many of whick have been long familiar to the business commu- nity and throughout these latitudes: A. A. Dewey (President), for many years associated with the real estate interest of the city; A. L. Hale, of A. L. Hale & Bro.; L. Laflin, capitalisti William E. Frost, of William E. Frost & Co.; P. L. Sherman, attorney-at-law; W. O. Cole, real estate ; S. W. Pease, Triumph Planiog-Machine Company ; E. A. Burbank, for many years with Jansen, McClurg & Cof; L. L. Coburn, attorney- at-law ; R. Schloesser, capitalist ; C. F. Loomis, capitalist ; James H. Myers (Secretary), former- Iy Western Agent Lorillard Insurance Company of New York. The Empire represents a capital of 200,000, with securities reported,as firat- class. The plan of management is represented 24 moderate and cautious, the Company claim- ing that the organization is based on the con- servative theory of insurance, looking to per- manence and natural development. rather than to volume 1n business. Small lines not exceed- ing 2,500 are now written in the best districts of the city, the Company having zdopted the old Board rates and proposing to join the Board on 2 general resumption in 5hicnp,o. TUE MILWAUKEE MECHANICS' FIBE-INSURANCE COMPANY, represented in Chicago by J. B. Belohradsky, 164 Washington street, an old-tume institution, organized in the ancient days of that old city, sod among ihe companies which have accepted the situation in Chicago, and continued to culti- vate & cantious and limited business in the city, has become practically familiar to the communi- ties adjacent to Milwaukee by the local associa- tions of a long record and a long history, the general items of this old record constituting the antecedents of the Compnny being about a8 fol- lows; The Milwaukee Mechanics' was organized in 1852 by a little community of first sottlers and leading merchants and capitalists, for mutual protection, gradually assuming the cash plan of insurance and developing a general businees, which was afterward extended throughout Wis- consin and peighboring States. The personal character and personal influence represented in the directory and management would appear to have besn productive of s wide and general pop- ularity, manifested in an uninterrupted growth from modest beginnings to a business of formid- able proportions, and in she successive enlarge- ments of sssets and. securities, the last state- ment of ths Company, dating Oct. 1, 1874, pre- senting total sssots, most of which would sp- ear to Lo of a very handsome character, at 1663,440.49, with total cash assots, including over §200,000 in United States Goverument bonds, to the amount of $£863,000. It is clsimed that the profits of the business have been used al- most exclusively to increase the resources and wealth of the corporation,—the income, under & uniformly conservative management. always av- eraging o large excess over expenaes and losges, while the ready disbursement of large sums in indemnity, 88 in the July fires in Chicago and Oshkosh, and upwards of 280,000 on the Wis- consin pinery fires, are instanced 28 evidence of the organic strength of the Company. AMr. Belohraduky, ageut of the Company, will be re- membered in Chicago as the popular editor, years ago, of the Narodin Noving, & paper pub- lished in the Bobemiax language. THE AGENCIES OF . L. POTTLE, offico No. 152 LaSalle street, represent a fair proportion of the insurance capital of St. Louis, and comprise the St. Louis, the Citizens,’ and the Frauklyn, all of that city. An interesting fes- ture of tius ageacy,is the age and long experience of all the companies represented, the two first named having been doing an uninterrupted busi- ness nince 1837, which is said to be the earliest date of organization in the list of Western com- panies. The Frankiyn was organized in 1855. The Citizeos' represents assets of $404,65L.77, with 5 net cash surplus, over ail, of $118,119.19; the Frauklyn a cash capital of 200,000, with haodsome net surplus over all liabiiities; the St. Louis represeating assets of $283,595.16, mainly of a cash character, with $73,732.13 casia inbenk. The aggregate amounts disbursed by the three com&smum tLi:ty-seven yeas reach about $4,000,000, neither company having ever saffered impairment of capital or tomporary sus- peosion. The history of each of the companies is said to_exhibit canservative management and comparative freedom from litigstion. Losses in Chicago have been promptly paid by the Chicago agency. THE HUMBOLDT INSURANCE COMPANY, OF NEW- is represented in this city by the popular insar- ance firm of George & Foljambe, General West- ern Managers. The Company is represented to have done & careful and profitable business, both here aod throughont their eatire territory, dur- ing a period of many years, its gemeral record indicating the prompt pavment of losges and fi- delity to all obligations, and that the Company Lias been mauazed with prudence and wisdom, pursuing a conservative course in all ita writ- ings, cairyiug only small lines, widely scattered, aud avouding special bazards, 8s is smply testified by all its Western sgents. The Com- pany's losses in both our great fires were mot ‘with great promptness, tho entire conduct of the affairs of the Company throughout this depart- ment being such as to secure a liberal patronage and the confidence of our merchanta and proj ertv-holders. The directory and list of stock- holders is composed of the weslthiest and most subatantial business-men of Newsrk, possessed of the ability and character to carry the Company through the great emergencies sometimes inct- dent to the business of insurance,—a fact which will be intorpreted as & pledgo of strength and stability. The Company propose in tho futare, as in the past, to cultivato a careful aud conser- vative business in our city a8 well as throughout its agencies. THE FRANKLYN INSURANCE COMPANY OF WHEEL- NG, VA. The attention of the general community of property-nolders is invited to the full statement of the Fraoklyn Insurance Company of Wheel- 1ng, Va., which appears on our first page. Two things are apparent from this conspicuous ad- vertisement,—oune of which is that the Company invite the most public examination of its affairs and condition ; the second is that the table of agsets exhibite a class of securities of a very high character, with a net surplus over all liabilities, which, taken with the general condition ex- hibited by the statement, reflects most credita- biy upon the character snd management of the Company. The record of the Fraoklyn, o0 far as the rule of 1s conduct toward policy- bolders i concerned, has been from the date of organization, twelva years ago, & record of fidal- ity to every obligation and to every trust,—s character and reputation conceded to it in all insurance and commoercisl circles of the couatry. The disbursements to policy-holders during that period_have amouted to the sum of over $620,- 000, & fair proportion of which has been to citi- Zzens of Chicago, including $50,000 i October, 1871, and $15,000 in July of the present year. Its ' regulor patrons and policy-holders include our moet intelligent and most substantial merchauts and capitalists, while ite policies are received a8 collateral, and preferred over many companies in good reputeand sound condition by many of the g:anl life insurance companies of tho United tates, includiog the Connecticut Matual. The Dpames which appear in the Directory and man- sgement of the Company are those,—many of them,—of the leading merchants and bankers and native citizens of Wheeling, where the Company bas held a high position, throughout its history, 88 represontative of tho wealth, en- terprise, and commercial integrity of an old and wealthy and cultivated community. The pres- ont occasion would seem to be specisily favor- able for & careful examination of the full state- ment on the first page. The agent of the Frank- lynin Chicago is Mr. T. P. Phillips, 143 LaSalle Btreet. GEORGE P. TREADWAY 4 CO. In referring, in & former article, to the agen- cies of George P. Treadwsy & Co., No. 114 La- Sallo street, which include the Lycoming and the Poun Firp, both Pennsylvania companies, mention was made of the large figures repre- senting the assets of the former company, the service rendered by it to the city in the full pay- ment of half amillion losges in the conflagra- tion of Chicsgo in October, 1871, beside some general facts in the fifteen yesrs' history of this sgency which would seem worthy of recognition and remembrance, incinding sggregate disburse- ments by way of indemnity amounting to the grest sum of §2,500,000, nearly ono-half the amount being for losses in the historic fire men- tioned. It willno doubt bo interesting to the general community of merchants, capitalists, and property-holders, to give some facts and figures relative to organization, capital, and resources of the PENN FIRE'OF POILADELPHIA, 1ts directory and management, and & few pointa touching its record in general, and its local ex- perianos in ths department contralled by Mesars. Treadwsy & Co. ThePenn Fire-Insurance Com- Ppany was organized early in 1872, with 'a Board of Directors composed largely of representa- tive capitalists of Philadelphia, the first Presi- dent being Fielding L. Williams, an old resi- dent, of social position and great wealth. The company began business on a cash capital of $200.000 paid up in full, establishing sgeuciesim- mediatelyin nearly all the great commercial Stat .- of tha Eaat aud West. The Company appears * bave at once commanded recoguition, positiow, and popularity at all points throughout the ter- ritory included in its agencies, developing from the date of insuguration a general prosperity and thrift that could hardly be accounted for excepting through the strength, reputation, zod charucter carried by the prominent names that appeared in the ownership and directory 38 a guaraatee of integrity, solidity, and s wise and fathful management. The following consti- tutes the present Board of Directors, in which is said to be represented private wealth to the smount of fifteen millions_by the Philadelphia membera alone: Thomas F. Blakemors. Presi- dent, for upwards of forty years one of the lead- ing wholesale dry goods merchants of Philadel- phia, known peronally or by reputation to avery Tetar desler in the country; H. H. Houston and 8. B. Kingston of Philadelphis, and S. M. Shoe- maker of Baltimore, railrusd magnates, the two former bewng prominently coouected with tbe Pennsyivama Central; F¥. C. isms of the famous sugar refinery, with which his name has ‘been associated for nearly a lifetima ; Thomas T. Tasker, Jr., an old and leading manufacturer; Andrew AL Moore, the distiller, well-known to liquor deal- era throughout the country ; Coleman P. Fisher, banker, and Buesex D. Davis, attorney, all of Philadelphia; William H. Whitcomb, Hoston; George P. Treadway, cm;;e?; . Rush Warner, Addison Lesch, and Ira W. Hurt, Erie, Pa. Naturally enough, the Company is said to bs re- garded with conaiderable partiality in intelligent business circles throughout the home State of Pennsylvanis, the receipts of the General Agent’ indicating 8 country business- of from $10,000 to €50,000 monthly income, fgures which repregent in some measurs the repata- tion of tue Penn Fire in the vicinity of the home office. The success of the Company ia Chi- cago, which might be interpreted as bearing some rolation to the present autecedents of the agen- ¢y, constituting a prestige in favor of all com- panies represeuted by them, has been remarkable |. in amount and satisfactory in character from the beginnin, large proportion of the Company’s Lusiness being in the great wholesale dstricts, sud among the better class of dwellings. It is perhaps fair to mention that the name and standiog of the Pena Fite in our own commun- ity inds » sort of practical indorsement in the fact that smong the regular patrons and policy- Lolders of the Company, are such firms as Field, Leiter & Co., Jobn V. Farwell & Co., C. P. Kel- ogg & Co., Hubbell, Thompson & Whitemore, Bowen Brothers, W. B. Flatt & Co., Allen & Mackey, Clement, Morgaa & Co., J. A Smith & Co., ail the elevators, all the leadiug hotels, H. 0. 'Stone, W. F. Coolbangh, Potier Palmor, Chauncey T. Bowen, Samuel Meyers & Co., and the leading property-holders of the citw while the regular patronage from the Board of Trade in short business, aversge risks to the amouat of over $100,000 per month—facts which will be interprated as indicating the confidence of the mercantile interest 1a the strength aad security of the Compsany. Itmay be mentioned in this connection that on a recent occasion, to avoid or remedy a technical impairment of cspital, the capital stock was reduced to $150,000 aod imme- diately restored by subseription, the reatoration in full being an accomplished fact. as is now properly atested by the officers. The present statement of the Company representa a full cap- ital of $200,000, with assets to the amount of $188,216, including $100,000 United States Gov- ernment bonds ; $67,000 cash 1n bank ; 243,000 in premiums in course of transmission ; $63,212 railroad bonds and National Bank stock, and other items of the ordinary class. The most interesting feature indieated by the statoment is » net surplus over all—capital and liabilities— of 69,500. Mr. George P. Treadway states that the condition of the Company is such_that in the event of any calamity thatcould befall tne city, the Penn Firo would bo sble t0 pay promptly 100 cents on the dollar for all losses. B —_————— “DIME RUBBERIES.” Cmicaao, Nov. 7, 1874, To the £ditor of The Chicago Tribune ; Biz: In your issue of to-day. in regard to the short-weights in baking-powders by manufacta- rers here and elsewhere, we notice the omission to include Dooley’s Yeast Powder amang thoes who farnish full weights. We have been in the manufacturs of this baking powder for eighteen years, and, while we desire to express no opin- ion in regard to other mauufacturers of similar articles, we claim and can_substzntiste what we say: that Dooley’s Yeast Powder 1s essentialiv pure, freo from aoy deleterious substances, and each and every can contains full weight. Wo make this assertion not only in justice to ourselves, but to correct an impreasion that your article of yesterday may make, that only one house in the country puts up a fall-weight baking or yeast powder. Yours respectfuily, Doorey & BroTHER, 69 New strect, New York. Our Fashionable Furriors. At Messrs, Bishop & Barnes, corner State and Mon- T00 streats, can be found furs of every description, far superior to any ever before shown in Chicago, embracing the finest of sable, mink, ermine, seals martin, Iynx, ete. Thelr Hue of seal sacques is choice and elegant, of London Lampson dye, and cut to their new French pattern, far superior to any for- mer style, and which 18 & decided improvement. They not only manufacture all their own fars, but mako over and repair fars of all kinds. ———— It is Conceded by All that Stein's Dollar Store is the only place to buy goods athalf price, Just recelved 1,000 sct of furs,at §1 per set; 500 pairs of ahoes, §1 per pair. Ladies’ shawls, felt skirts, ladies’and gents’ merino under- wear, men's woolen overshirts, hats, and thousands of other useful articles at the uniform price of $1. 106 East Madison street, Look out for the grand opening of holiday goods. o S e 3 TUnuebertrefilich. The resders of TuE. TRIDUNE are’respectfally in- formed that the popular tafloring bouse of J. L. Gat— zert, 183 South Clark street, continues to make to ‘measure, of leading imported and American materialsy stylish pants from 33 to $12, liandsome auits from $35 10 $40, and nobby overcoats from $20 to $35. bt saknl i The Late Burglary of furs, k., at the store of August Ksestuer, 86 Blate street, was & considerable loss to him, as it was the proceeds of personal industry during the last four or fiveyears. He is determined, however, to try again, and the public can aid and benefit him by giving him their patronage. His goods are of an excellent quality, and bo makea 3 spocialty of ladfes’ fine furs, Manitou Mansions. This house offers poculiar winter advantages toin. valids requiring » home at this delightful sanitsrium, Parties wishing to send young people West for the se- vers months will find the care and comfort of & well- regulated home provided, by an English lady of cul- ture and refinerient, proprietress of the Manaions, During this Mild Weather you should take sdvantage of the extraordinary low ‘prices of overcouts now made by Ordway & Newlands, taflors, 209 West Madison street. You cant duplicate their $35 overcosts for less than $45. Reduction’'in Board. Metopolitsn Hotel, corner State and Washington stroets. From this date, dsy-board reduced to$5 per week, and corresponding reduction in prices to per- ‘manent parties of two or more who doaire rooms and ‘board for the winter, The Holidays. Many of the ocesn steamers are now trsnsporting to this conntry Abram French & Co.'s importations of rare and beautiful holidsy goods, and their very ex- tensive establishment is already beginning to sssume its holiday attractivencss. e = To Have Your Houses Heated comfortably and thoroughly, it is only necessary to buy an “Anti-Clinker® .or a “Barstow ” furaace, ‘mansged and economical, they are always ro- ‘Bangs Bros,, State and Van Buren streots, — Easily lible. FIRE INSURANCE. Ml Flre Tnsurance . OF NEW YORK, Cash Assets, $1,400,000.00, Tovested 0 0. 8. Bonds, over $700,000.00. Losses Paid, over $4,000,000.00. - 23 YEARS' PRACTICAL EIPERIENCE. The “NIAGARA” IN- SURANCE COMPANY is not liable for any Pol- icy or Renewal issued after 1st January, 1874, by the “UNDERWRIT- ERS’ AGENCY,” so call- ed, THE. CONTRACT OF THE UNDERWRITERS’ AGENCY OF NEW YORK HAVING EX- PIRED BY LIMITA- TION 31st DECEMBER, 1873, BEVERIDGE & HARRIS, Managers Western Department, 116 & 118 LaSalle-st;, CEICAGO. e SAVINGS BANK. Merchants’, Farmers' & Mechanics’ SAVINGS BANE, 6 CHIESt, <STines Vet i o, 5552 THE BUSINESS OF THIS COR- PORATION is confined exclusive- 1y to the receipt and care of Savs ings Deposits and Funds for In- vestment. No commercial or gen- eral banking business transacted. SUMS AS SMALLAS ONE DOL- LAR received from any person, and a bank book furnished. MARRIED WOMEN and minor children may" deposit money so that no one else can draw it. INTEREST at the rate of 6 per cent per annum, is paid on sums of One Dollar or more. THOSE DESIRING TO INVEST their savings upon rcal estate se~ curity at a higher rate of interest than can be safely paid on Savings Deposits, should call at this Bank and examine its INVESTMENT CERTIFICATLS. SYDNEY MYERS, Manager. HAIR GOODS. “GREAT SALE HATR G0ODS! ~ Desirous of reducing our Mammoth Stock o ' WITCHES, we will offer, for the next 30 days, OVER 3,000 REAL _IMPORTED HAIR SWITCHES FOR 50 CTS. ON THE DOL- REAYT, HATR SWITCHES for 35¢, 750 $1, $3, $3, &c., &c. Our 810 Switches Redaced to $5.00. itches Reduced to 7.50. tches Reduced to 10.00. Our 30 Switches Rednced to 15.00- Never before was Human Hair Goods offered at suok a fearfol sacririco. “THE FAIR) IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS, 3928 West Madison-st., cor, Aberdeen, ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS, Denden. You will not regwet & trial of the tooth powder “Deadan,” It gives & pesrly whiteness; deliciously flavored, and we warrant it to contsin no injurious in- edien. Prico 50 cents. Van Schasck, Stevensan & §eia, Now, 922ad 94 Lak street, Do You Enow ItP Tho cigar and stationery store, 202 State sireet, is Xept by Foster, formerly of the St, James, where he will be pleased to meet his old friends and everybods, every day and Sunday, too. He sells all goods in his line 3t the lowest posslble pricos. Call and see e, Pianos for Rent. Fine new 7-octave rosewood planos. Eent money deducted if purchased, Prices, $200 to $700; ranted five years, Reod’s Temple of Muslc, No, 92 Van Buren street. —_— Bottled Mineral Waters for Families by Back & Baynar, makess of the * Mars Calogna.* FROM PARIS. A largs and elegant assortmest in FLOWERS aad FEATHERS for Fall and Winter Hats aad Boagats. Bridal Wreatlhs. Trimmings for Wedding and Party Dresses » specialty, a8 MLLE PONCELETS, Thaellknown Importer direct from Pacts la FLOW- ERY, FEATHERS nd aterials for Flowars, 89 Wa- basb'ay., south of Bighteontdoat. SCALES. FAIRBAMNKS’ STANDAXD. SCALES L OF ALL KINDS. et 2 F AIRBANKS. MOR3E & 00y & 111 &112 LakeSt., Chicago, Escareful tobuy asly the Geaulng, AT A A . ke s Aot e e A AT R 5T 3 7 45 ey P e e e S i