Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 31, 1874, Page 4

4 ROME'S COLOSSEUM. Interesting Results of Excava- tions. 0ld-Time Entertninments.--Recont Dis- coveries---The Uses of the Arena. Reman Coryespondence of the London Tines, The excavatious in tho Colossemn have now reached a cortain degree of complotion, and for excoed in general interest mny of tho important worka of exploration which, since tho commonce~ xaent of this contury, have restored so much of the remains of the anclont city to light, Every Sundsy and holy-(ay aftornoon numbors of poo- Ple ot all ciasses ook thoro to oxamino, discuss, and gazo in wonderiug admiration at the gigantic conatrnctions gradually boing disintorred, wo co~ lossal in tholr dimonsions as almost to throw into tho shade that portion of tho edifica whiol, for tho last six centurlea at Joast, hus boon lookod upon ss fully justityiog its name of Colossus smong buildings. 1t Is noarcely on exaggeration to say that what 1a now bolug roverlad SICITES A MUOH WONDER in all who look upon it for tho first timo as the bullding io sll its integrity did In tho Saxon pil- grims whon thoy burst forth with the woll- known exclamation recorded by the Yonerablo Beds, Butit is no more massive foundation ‘which has been laid bare; it is uo less then 21 feot of the intorlor of the editico itselt,—buriod i1l now under » mass of accumuiation,~—which hss been restored to light, and with it much is wmado clear that hos lithorto puzzled both the learned and unlearned alike. Uutil now the Cos lossoum has been sn uneolved riddle in many respects. Wo knew that it was built for the ox- beuou of wild avimals at a placs whero thoy could bo shown in numbers to the poople, aud wheote they could ba hunted aud mado to fight with each other or with men ; that giadiatorial shows on an enormous ecalo wore given Lore, sud that many martyrs testified with their blood on th arona, Tho ranges of seats rising one above tho other conld bo fully recogmzod, uitorly ratned &8 thoy are, and tho admirsblo arrangoment of thao oighty vifforant filzhin of steps, intorsceting and yot not interfering with each other as thoy conducted to the soats, could bo perfectly under- stood. But how woro the animnle brought into tho srena? Whers wore they kopt? What was the atapre mechanism of this enormous amphi- theatre ? These are quostions aeled by all, but which have novor beou snswered except by im- rfect explanations founded on conjecture. We may accopt this explanation that the animals wero Kopt in great wviraria on the Calisn zud aear tho Porta Maggiors, butthat thoy wero brought thence into the Amlyhlmuntm in cages wad far from satisfactors. To test this by one of many records: 1low, if they wers introduced in cages, could 100 lions bavo bounded together upon the arena with ROAR WHIOR MADE TAE DUILDING BUARE, a8 wo are told by Vopisous was the case durin, the games given by tho Emporor Probus, Ani then what confusion thero must have beon out- side, or, rather, Low was confusion proventsd batween tho actors and tho audionce on their way into the building, betwoen, ou tho onohand, the thousands focking ivto the ampbitheatro, Jogethor with the many thousauds more who, not fortuuste onough to obtain tickots, gathered fn tho open area ground for tho oxcitoment of lis- tening to the ronsing of the wnimmly, the cries of the victime, and tho shouts of the spectators ; and on tho othor, the bands of pludiatora with 1l the maltitude of men roquisite to guard a number of navago beasts maddened by hunger, The edifico wns surrounded by o portion divid- ed into eighty arches, cvory arch, with tho exception of two only, forming an entranco to the soats, iucluding tho pulvinaria ; the num- bers corresponding to the tickets aro atill visible on the koyatonea of thoso remaming. Tho two arcbies, oue ¢ each eud of tho longer axiy, were supposed to bu the only part reeerved for the entrance of tho gladiatora tnd the animals ; but, with & public entrance through the arch on each Bida of thewo, it wus difionlt to undomituad how 50 cireumacribed an area—however woll it might have beon railed off—could Liave beon sufiicient for all the work ‘‘botwoen the wiugs," for the entry of tho army of meu and the Lunireds of wild beasts and the exit of {ko dead of which- ever kind, 'Thoso aro problenis which havo puz- zlod all who hinva considered the sabject Low- over alightly, but which these excavations heve uow completely nolved. At tho beginuing of this century extonsive ex- cavations were juade on the arenn, but with no other result than to increuss the dificaltios they wore intended to remove, Immediztely benenti the modern surfaco a network of wulls was found iutersecting the rroa in varions directions, Bome maintaiuced that theso woro constructions of a lato poriod, suporimposed upon the arens, whilo othors ingisted that thoy Woro subtorra- nean, and formod the dens in which the animala were kopt, aud the corridors through which they wore introduced npon the lavel aboro, A FURIOUS CONTLOVEDSY s carried on; but, as the construction of the Roman buildings was 8 subject but then imaper- foetly understcod, no authoritative conclusion was wmrrived at; eod, as the place, during the riny sensons, pot flooded with water, which, romaining stagnant and slowly evaporatiug, becama a canse of unhoalthi- ness to the city, tho excavation wus fllled {n again in 1818, aftar having remained opon for about ton years, Bome months ago Signor TNoss dotermiuod to mako auother altempt to clear up the mystery, No sooner bad ho set his men to work thau a lond cry nf pious horror was raiced. A ncrll-;j;wuu Gaverument, bating all hioly thimge, lad dared to disturb the ground sanctified by the bloud of the earlicat martyrs, ‘The columns of the clerical journaln wero filled with vehement remonstrances; processions were made and indiguation mestings wera held in the Colosseum, whick rosulted in lodies of distine- tion being taken to the Quustura, and religious wervices were commenced in expiation of the work of eacriloga. It was to no purpose that mpla wera reminded that similar excavations been mado in the time of Pius VIL, and, in fact, commonced Ly bis orders. 1t was insisted that the substructions of the arons had then been found, that ils lovel was that which bhad just boon broken, and that to disturb it again wan su act of grows impiety. But Signor Rosx wos firm in his opinion that tho spot made holy by the blood of tho martyrs lay hidden, like many other truths, benoath s heap of mod- orn rubbish venerated in its stead., Ho con- Minued his work, regardiess of yemonatrance, sud now, 21 feet bolow what lhas 8o long been looked upon by msuy 88 the arcus, be hau dis- covered Ra veritable level poved with odus epi- «€atun, or herring-bone work, sud leading from it & series of enormous corridors, with immenss chambers, whero the businoss of the amphi- theatro was prepsrod— TUE * DRIIND THE SUENRS," in fact. o hus gone despsr than the firat ex- cavations were carried, and it in now ovident tat they wero coufined 3o the ellipso within the Podium, . We muat wait until the entirearoaof the arous i cleared before it can e positively decided Whether tho conntructions supsrimposod upon it are rewaing of tho work of the Frongipani, who convartud tho Colosgoum into a fortreas, or it thoy were bLuilt, as it 18 quits possible, to raise the srens abuve its original level, In tho mean time, howevar, there can no longer ho sny doubt that, for whatuvor purpuse shoy wero countruvt- ed, they aro tha work of & vory luta period, sud have nothing whatever to do with the editice as originally bnilt by the Flavisn Finyorors, sud a8 is must buve remaivod for u considernble riod. We may therofors dismiss them for the present. It was genorally supposed that the low wall at tha back of the *“atations,” which ware erccted in the middie of tha last ceutury, was the front of tho Podimn ; but it is now found that thows xstationd stood on jts lovel, that tha wall beluud them was the baok nud not the front, aud that a platform § miotras 70 contimotrey in width ox- tends from it ta the cdge overlookiug the arcun 7 mattes bolow. From the frout of the Padium, at nbout two-thirds down to the lovel of the arona, & saries of gigantic bruckets of Lravertine project at regular intervals, aud ovidontly oxteud ‘long the ontire cireuit, On-clonrivg the frout af the Podiun dowa tathe lavel of the arens, ut tho ond of tho laryer nxis of tho ellipue towards he Laterau, throo grout archways wera fonud, oponing under it from tho wrona, but complotes 1y fllod with un accumulution of kolid “clay, wuok as wauld bo deposited by un inundation of the Tber. The sido archways mieasure § metres 85 cenLimetres in width, and'that in the ceutro 2 metreu 23 cantimetros, Opuuing tho middlearch- way, it was found to boacorridor extondiug from tho awmphitheatre. Asthe oxcuvators tunneled along it they divcloved ono after tho other s so- ries of flat srohes, perhaps I abould say archi- {zavos, tnuaaively constructod of grous biocks of travertine, uwml held togothsr by wolosesl key- stones. This corvidor, continulng iuw straight , hos boon cloarad ta tha longth of 100 uie- tres, wishout the termiuation kaving yat besa fowad ; but af the distence vf 85 metreatrom the . ~ THE CHICAG) DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDA aronn, and about 12 boyond tha extorior of the olifico, another corridor of the same dimensiony branchos off from it to tho right, in tho direc. tion of tho cavorns on tha Ceolian, bolioved to liave boen n vivarium. Lxploration waa then commenced through the side archways, and thoy woro also found to Lo the openiugs of corridory radinting from that in the middlo, to the longth, howover, of only 24 metros, when they turn b right angles, tho ono to tho right, and the other to tho loft, and communicato with the long cor- ridor betwaon thom the ground plan bang that of s blunt wediio with tho ond toward the arana, ar of n dovotnil with tho ond from it, I muy remark horo that the floor of tho side corridors iv on n lovol with the avonn, whilo that in the contre is about 1 metre higher, One great advantage tho Governmont pos- sosaos in having & man ke BIANON TIOSA at tho hond of tho Exccutional Dopartment ia that, being an englncer of no inconsiderable skill, ho goon to work in a thoronghly eciontific mangior. ~ Haviug cronted a sufliciontly large ro- coptacls whore wrtor could gather, lie logt no timo in taking the requisito precantions ngalnat tho firat spoll of wot weather inundating tho ex- cavation and interrupting his work, to say nothe ing of ita posaibly causing malavia, Consldering that naval showa having been givon in the am- phithentro implied tho necessary arraugemdnts not only for flooding the areus, but also for let- ting off the wator aftorwards, ha commeuoed ox- cavations sUill deoper, and soon found a woll- built _cloaca, about 2 melros in height, immediataly " bonoath the long corridor I havo mentioned, . and a mouth opening with it botweon ‘tho floor of thix cor- ritor and that of the arenn, into soveral bara of tho metal grating to provent solid bodies wash- ing down still in silv. Thin eloaca bne been suf- ficiently cleared to provide mn ontlet for "Ny water that might sccomulate, and is in ftself a rolution of the somowhal dobatod question whotlier tho ampbitheatro was uned for a nan- machia or not. When the side corridors ware entirely clearsd, & series of circular holes from 17 to 80 ceutimetres in diameter wera fodnd along tho contral line of each. On examination thess proved to bo large sockots of solid goldon- colorod bronza. Enach is a block of metal 41 con- timotres aquare, with dovetails projecting on two sides to Lold them firm on tho blocks of stone into which thoy are set, tbe dopth of the sockets balug from’ 26 to S0 centimetros, and each having a couvex battom, Bigoor Rosa is of opinion that those side cor- ndors were, %0 Lo Bay, the docks for tho galloya nsed in the naval shows, and that thio sockats were to hold upright ponts to which they could be moored and kept croct till thoro was sufticient water for them to float. Considering, howerer, that {n each corrider of 24 metroes in length thero oro six of theao sockets, at distancos apart F‘nd\mlly losseniug from 4 metres 80 oentimo- ro at tho opening to 2 metres 50 contimotros at the and, this can scarcely be possible, and I am. inclined to thinlc, an tho sockota have all the ap- oarance of haviug beon made for pivots to turn it them, that they mark the positions of awing gates, which, wheu cloged, formed so many pans, one bohind the otbor, from which @ROUPY OF ANIMALS I Y, OCTOBER 31, 187A--TWELVE PAGES. in adjacont tohws. Tho water-powers in the town ‘are limitd, snd aro only of Jucal value. AManufacturing sporationn nto earried ou by 8 cdozen parties w leathor, harnoss, hoots and shons, carringze shinglos, clapboards, with tho custanaty gugmniil, “Lhero are hnlt-n-clozon porgons in trade in the town, threo physicians, fonr hotoln, o0 acndemy, and four churches. "Thera avo four fillages, and tho tawn is lavgely msdo up of nonbers of the Socloty of Triends, who have twi houses of worship. -~ Tho town 8 tho home o the colobratod Friond proachor, Ell Jones, and his companion, tho late 8ibll Jopos, who was forty yenrs in the min- istry, ‘fnio former revides at Dirgo, and it Is mainly to hs efforts that tho colebration of the one hudrodh anniveraary of the town took plrce. The occaslin was oue of great futorost, and was tho meana>f bringing togother a large number of poplo. ‘I'ho observauces Look place at Diri- go, in the Friends' macting-liouss, wbich was crowdd (e It fullest capacity, LIl Jouos pro- sided, 'The oxercires conpleted of w historical addres road by Willlam Jacob, which occupiod somoiwo houra in its delivery, and which waa roples with interentivg nud valuable local infor- matih from tho sottlomont of the good old townap to 1850, Rowarlm woramado by Augug- tine louos, of Bostou, I Jonos, Ambroge H. Abbez, Oira O, Rarsom, Howard Owen, of tha Koneboc Journal, 0, D. Bakor, und othars, Oneit the most juteresting foatures of tho oc- casim was the prosence of soveral of tho oldest citivms, children of tho firat softlors, who gave BOwI very eutortaiuing personal reminiscences. Fhesxorolsus wore intorsporsed with stnging and by sbeaket diuuer iu the area fronting lfiu moet- ing-ioune, at which over 500 persous participat- od. Tho hoapitalitios of the pooplo living in the viciity wers generously extonded to allin at- torxsoce. Tha exercisos closed by thesinging of theDoxology. THE CORSET, A ¢urlous Plen for Wight<Lacing on Wigh-Axt Principles—Tho fenefits ¢! & Fino Educittion la the Mattor of ¢ Pigure and Deopertment,?? From the London Saturduy Revisw, Thore aro few opiuions or practices fo thor- owshly oxplodod as to ba fucapablo of revival, Wo had oupposed that it was geneally sgrecd tiat lifihl-lnclug is injurious to tho hoalih of Sm; ut it now appears that thoro are two dou to this as woll as to overy othor question, Indeod, we bayo befors us & publication wirich wsumes that a slender waist Is beautiful, and that the meana usually taken to produce 1t are healtkful ; and, furtbor, thet thero is some con- vection, which we caunot trace, betwaon tight- lacing and an upnght aud graceful car- nago, It is curions that whila wo are Xoaring 80 much as to the claims of vomou to equslity in rights avd duties with 1men, i is ot tho samo thao inuiated that girls slould bo educuted upon o sysiem difforent from any that would bo tolerated for boye. If tho idoa ot appropriating & lu;ia part of tho rosorcos of enlowod achooks to girly is to be porsoversd wilh, & new difficulty awnite the nuccessors of Lad Lyttelton’s commission, who will bo re- could be lot loosp fn succession on the arana that the animals wors brought through the long central pneesge, and by the sido communicationa " into the lateral oorridors a8 far 08 the firat gate, which was olosod; that, baving beea drives up to this, tho necond gate was closed upon them; that others were thon lod or driven in, and the third gute elosed, and Hoonto the sixtl, and that theso gates wors swung opon in succession at the proper time for letting thio bonsta loosa in tho arona. This conld bo doue with ropes, or & man forcing one corner of the gate back to lot 1ho animuls eacaps by the ather could take shelter behind it as it revolvad, As I havo montiouod, thesn corridors were tilled with eolid elsy, no doubt deposited during inun- dations of tho Tiber, tho wator weshing back through the cloace, as it dooa now when the Pantheon 18 flooded, snd, from these groat brouze snckets bieing in situ, snd no holes baving been made in tha walls horo, 3 tn the uppor part of the building, to abatract tho metal clampy, 1t Is evident that this portion of the Amphitheatre must havo become coyored with doposit at u comparatively oarly period, possibly also immedi- atoly after un oxbibition of suimials had Leeu given, and bofore nll thebodios of thoso slaugh- tered hal boon removed, for n number of bones of wild beauts wers found inons of tha corridore. Deueribing the end of tho longer axis of the building towaids tho Lateran whore these dla- ocoveries have beon made as tha erst ond,—it is very noarly,—your readers will understaud me whon Isay that the whelo of the front of tho Podiuin has boen clonred a8 far a8 tho northern ond of the legeer axis—that toward the Esqui- lino. Hero, exactly in a lina with the axis, anather corridor, corresponding ia size to thoso xt the cast end, opens from the Arena, has not yot beon cienved, but so opening lu been made outside tho building, and it 18 seon to extond inwerd and ontward., Thero ara Jateral corridors hero, and, as thers was no viverium to the vorth, we may supposo this to bave bsen nn ontrance for the gladintors ond bestiarii only, and poweibly for ihe removal of tho dead bodies. Cousidering tho perfectly symmotrical plun upon which tha Colosseum waa built, WE MAY :FASONABLY INFER that on the noutly sida toward the Ceslian another corridor will bo found correspanding ta that on the nurth ; andat the wost ond towsrd the Forum throe othors, or at any rato ono other, corre- aponding to those at the east, Your roaders will remomber that on the side toward the Cuelion o Daeeage benaath the modern lovel was known to exlst, and, in faol, & portion of it has been open from &bovo for many years, but it passes undor tho fourth arch fram the cantra taward the east. Froni its moswic pavoment and the handsome stuces ornaments found on the vaulting, it is believed to ho tho private pasinge builf hy Commodus, and ‘in which Quintianug nuda tho stiempt to sevessioate him. ‘I'ha oxeavatiou hag not boen carriod suficiently far on that sido to show if it openson tho Avenn § but its courde is being followed on the ontuids of the building, snd it 1 seon that, after continuing onward for o short distance, it turns, nearly at a right angle, toward the cast in tho direction of tho branoh which turns to the south from tho long corridor running eastward, The direction of thego paesages would seew to {udi- oate thoir junction at & point further on, so that togothor they would lead to and from the vivarium on the Cwlian ; but s it can scarcely bo sunposod that the docorated corridor of Com- modus ladto a menagerie—and, in fact, thers is no positive authority for the modern conjocturo that one was sitnated thero—it ia probabla chat these corridors lod to the Glndiatorial sohools, the ZLudus 3Matutivus aud Gnilicus, aud the Spoliarium, Laniarium, aod Armamentanriun, montioned in the Regionary Catalogaos, This, howovor, in the meautime, in but conjecture, ond the object of my lettar ls to repor: ascor~ tained faots. These oxeavations have established beyond doubt that the srona was not & “ movable plat- form, with dens or recopiacles bolow from which Lho boasts wero introduced into it; thut the cone structions bolow the modern level, which lod to and seomed to justify this supposition, balong 10 a vory lata poriod; that thoy aro wnperime nosed apon tho areus, and, for whatever pur- poso they srero built, ar far too smell to bave contalued tho larger onimals, even eingly ; that tho srena was a wolid floor, and thut upon it debouched u nuwnbor of great corrlaors, having @ serios of Interal chambers, sufliciently largo to Justify tho records of the nuwhber of animals extubited tagether, whila the cloaca which hos boon found with & grated opeulug proves that naval shows were pivou withik tho buslding. ‘Lhere is no longer any difloulty in under- standing ALL TOE DETAILS counected with the spectacle ;iivon in tho amphi- theatre. The enormons oponings vawning ubon the arena give a vivid reality to the dewcriptions of the scones ouco enpeted within these walls; but little fmagination is now wanted o repcople the rangos ol seata with the mighty conconrse ‘Which ouce filled thom, or to appréciate the in- tenso, tho breathless oxpactation with which, as the boyk who acatiered tho sann lsft the arenn, the 87,000 spectators listoned to tho echoing roury of the nnimals and watohed the mouths of thoso weird, tunucl-lil:e corridors for the first retors to bound npon the scaus, 1 muat not omit to montion the discovery of n number of merble slabs, Koxhonn of wall panel- ing or pavemsnt, on which aro somo most inter- anling graphites deeply lucinad, representing gledintors and scenes on tho wrons, Some of tho tigures avo ag much as £ feot 6 inchas in hoiglht, On ono slab i3 4 spirited reproseutation of a con- tost batwoen giud(ators or hastiwiii sud tigora; ot auother, two mau with lances are attucking four bearu; and on a third what soomed to bo.n rhinoreros aud o hare, evidently illuetratiug one of thoke ucenon meutioned, 12 1 em not In error, by Ovid, when wild sud domgstio snitala to- pethor went through performances to which thoy bad been tralued, Homa frogmencd of the 1uiblo deoorations of tho pulvinaiia hava also Leon found, which look like the armns of great murbio chatve, with sphinxea ror clbows, and dolphius’ heads downward for foot. R A Powns Uentennial, The Town of Chlug, Mo., celebrutad ita cone tounisl ou Triday, ‘Mho town was originally Inown 24 Joaes' Plentation,” and wup wattlod hv o family of Clurka from Nansuclot, Mana., fn 1774, 4t bay an ndustrlons ond Intolhgont population to-duy of nearly 8,000 people, und is oua of the bess farming towns in Keuneboo, Thors ore & hamber of vory lrge ponds in the town, which sarve us rasavvolra to wrter-pows quired fo mako proper provision for what is called **figure-training,” and to render generally acconsible ** tho benofiia of & retinod oducation in the untter of figwre sud deportment.” It is geaorally coucedod that the boat oducation for boga is to be hrd ot grammar echiools, and, if these schicols are to Le opensd to girly, they ought to offor thom equal advantagos. It be- comes thorefore nocessary to connider what the Dbost education for gitls I8, snd, ir a_leading ob- Joct of thas education e to produce wlender wasty, then the Charity Commissionera iately sppointed will do well to study the troatise on * Art the Handmald of Nature,” which is now be- {ore us. 1t is manifeat from this and olbor recont pub- lications that thero is a disposition to return in tho trcatmant of girls to a striotness, or wo might evon say severity, which would bs thought unkuitable to Loys. The notion ssems to por- vade many minds that agirl of 13 or 14 yoars ald ougnt to b " taken up”liko & filly aud *brok- en.” The trestmont of young horses has been of Iato years mnelioratod, and s nok now inton- tionally eruol, but mo severity that is thought nacessity is sparod. We wmight almost sny that both tha procoss and the object, witl somo tininois of girls, sppeas to bo borroved from tho manege. A girl who bas boen propecly brought up will have beguu to ba tiy h&v laced poon atter shbia was born ; but it a gir’s education baa been neglactod, she may be **effcctually lmemvcd" by wunot are called ‘‘safe means.” 'Fhe author of the book before us contrasts the * cor~ uota® which it describos with the *rudo, sovero, but potent appliances ™ for corracting the figure in bygauc days, Wodoubt whether the anthor would bo satsfied if wo called the new aystem suore gontle than the old, sud porbaps wo bod botter conflne oursolves tostating that under tha new system = girl is put futo the corset and made to sleop, or, &t ieast, to go to bod in it, aud rend- ors cau thon avply to thia_ systom aiy opithet thtey may think suitable. But, although the in- otruments of what wo shsll ventura to call tor- turo wro now differont from thoso used = century 8go, tho concoption of training for girls in which thoy originated, has bosn alwuys the same, and it diffors wholly from that which now provails for boys. Tho saying, ** 2l faul souffvlr powr elre belle™ appears to bo gnvalf' adoptod g & muxim by the professors, as woll as by some of tho victims, of the * cyrset " system. 'Throe o thusinats, aged resp:tivoly 16, 18, and 20, d seribe thomsolves an having roceived tha bon- ofits of an English education™ from whick, un- fortunately, tho * corset " was omittod, * The Tosult sy been that, although we have beon, ovenup toa comparatively recont date, kept in a state of almost absolute subjoction, so far as school discipline is concorned, our figurcs have become so flat, inelegaut, clumsy,” etc. The lotter from which Lhoso words are quoted is ofther genuino or & woll-considered fiction, and 1o may tako it a8 tho sort of description which throg grown-np gisls wonld give of tho trent- ment they had undergono at & achool in an Eu- glish provineisl town. Tha ladles, in whose charge they were placed by thaeir ubsont father, were *' dotennined opponeuts of the corsot,” but in other respocts they scomed to have adminis- tered n oufijciently severe discipline. No English boy would describe himsolf as having beon “kcvt ina stato of the most absolute subjec- tion" ot achool, and indeod the description would bo uanifestly end ludiorously inap- propriate to any wchool at which the directorof a worecantile firm would bo likoly to placa his son. We nuderatand thak this book on * figure-train- ing " iy partty » reprint of srticles and letters pnblished in'a megazine writtea principally by women for womon, and wo take it that their con- coption of a girle' schuol o gouerally approved by the readers of thau periodical. It ls & placo of “‘disciphne™ where “abgoluie subjoction is enforoed, annd ‘‘corsets™ are worn por- petunlly. Thosa who kuve undergone these savaritice do mot profeas to have liked thom ot the time, but they fecl thunkful for them aftorwards, and they are prepared to sub- Jeet thoir own daughters to tha #ame, or even nore rigoroua rostraint. Whenever fomale suf- rago iy conferrud, we moy expect that thore will bo # strong purty formad for patting va all—men, women, abd children—into ** corsots. Tho throo noufortunate youug ladics who sco askamed of thelr * thick, clumsy waists," declare them- selvoy rondy to submit to a *‘savoro conrse of tight-laciug,” and to underge a rigorous cor- rectivo systom. This pook o publishod by the publishers of tho Englishwoman's Domesiic Magazine, from which lorge parts of it arerepuinted. Itisa rapotition of so old cantrivanco for advertising which we d snpposed (0 ho worn out. It oxpatiate learvodly and eothuwiset- jeally on the advantages of tight-lucing, aud proceads to rocommend a ** corsut " of par- ticular manufucture, It givay au eloquent dis- courso on the gruco aud boauty of bigh-hoeled boots, ¢ eoupled with the name,” a8 the tonet- maotors say, of o partieniar boot-maker at tho West Kod, * 'Tho booit is & palpable puff, nod if 1t wore that auly we hiould not uotico it, becsuyo notica of any kind lolps o vystem whiol ouwhe to bo reprosged. But we deo 10 reason to doubt that tho book ropresents tho views of & considern ble number of wumeo na to the ‘atucation of their owa sex, 1t s difticult to trust fowale enthusinsm for aceurata duscription, and thorafore wo will not nssumo that all **fashionablo boarding- schools ” prootice tho atrocities reprosentod fn this book. If woaccopt the picture fully, we uhould proposo that Mr, Newdogata should toke up tho mattor, and urge the fuspection of board. ing-schools as well a8 convents; aad we shouid lamant that Pacliament had voms to miend be- fove & question could bo put to the Home Bocro- tary on tho subject of Ught-tacing, If a mags of * woll-authenticated 1uformetion” extats vo. garding the **far more wovere and rigidly-stroy disciphine " ingletod ou in seme ladies’ boarding- selicols, it might doserve moro rnblmny than this boolt ean givoit, A part of thiy iuformation is_sapplied by & young ledy signing Lassely *Nora,”" who states thut slie wns placed ngo of 16 at # fushionable schoolin Laudaon, und that thora it was the custom for the walsta of tho pupils to bo reduced ous inch per month until uwi' wore what the lady principal consid. ered pmall enough. n [ lote echool at 17 my waist mresured only 11 inches, it baving veon formorly :: ichos m olreumferonce, Evory mowing oue e) tho waids used to come to assist us to dreay, and a govertosn supetintonded to sso thnt our corasts wore ddrawn an tghtly as noumiblo, Atter the first faw inutes overy morning I felt no puin, and tho only 1ll efforta, spparently, wors ocus- slonal héadaohes rud losa of oppaetite,” A “iulentod corroapondent " soomd to admit that tho *ill offets ” mny be more sorions, The fact, shio saya, camot bo "blinked that, in tightly Incing in tho wint, the parts within must by ofthor squeczediogothor or slightly displaced ; but tha human 'rame 15 Bo elnstio that, iF room La loft forthis * duplicoment,” no inconvenionco rosults—at lonut tone thatio vikiblotothe * tnlent- ed correspondon\” who n[munm to think that the chest muay taio what tho walst losos, Tho sovoritius which tho devotess of tho “corset” Intlict upon themolves and otbiors aroe probnbly 1 part fabulons,jut one may see, from the tono of the srriters, Inw casy an austero systom of convontun! discifine might bocome oatablished ovon in Londonif thore wera no checl in possi- blo publicity. { motnor propared to *'do her duty,” a8 _sbo nizht oxpross it, Lo Ler danghtor, might bo Incite( by tho perueal of this volume to tho porpetrafou_of what wo do 1ot hesitato to uall strocities, Indood, tho picturos of tight waiss with wheb the boole la furnisbod, aro in onr eyes horitle, and_tho detalls of tho cruelty which produtcel thom are disgusting. Thoro is, it weems, a trentiie which has not yot come undar our notico, callod “Tlio Coract arid the Crinoling,” and itappears hat a lady determined to try with hor own dangtior the systom recommoudad in “that oxcollait volume,” aud nccordingly do- aslred hor not t unlaco her ** coraet ™ on going to bad. Tho dnyhter had had ber principles un- dormined by mading some * nonsouuical ti- rades " agoiont 1€Rhl«]neln§ in the pagers, and lied takon up the iden that boing made to woar s proporly-Incoil * corsot "' was aquivalent to death by torturo, JTowever, tho mothor inaisted, the dnughtor woro tho *) corsot” ous night undor {»mlosr, but took 1t off mnoxt night on the aly ; hen the mcther fastened the stay-lrco in o knot, and then the dmghter cut the stay-lace. The mothor punishel hor * somewhat severely " for ler digobedionco, but sho declnted that she would brave any punishmoent rathor thau submit to the discipling of the ** coract.” Bhe is now 14, has g very slrong conetitution, and is in por- foct haallh, “She does uot complain that tight- lacing makes her feel ill, but ohie objects that the' * coreot " I8 uncomfortable, and provents her from ‘romping ao sho nsod to do. Tho perploxed mother uppeals to somo otber mothoror the Principal of some schiool to inform her what method has been adopted In similar cases, ag * she cannot allow her daughter to gain the msstery." 8Bho asks for advice how to im- prir hor daughter's couatitution, ruin her hoalth, and broak her aptrit, and no doubt she would get it, beeanso wa find snothercorrospondent statin; that * Mamma procured o steel bolt, fitted wit! lock and key, to be worn at night outnide the corast ” by her dauglters, Tuoss things wore dono ot Lome. At the eohuol already montioued, * 1y one casg, wharo the girl wau stout and largor Jy-huilt, two strong maids were obliged to use their utmoat force to make her walst tho sizo ordered by tke lady Principal,—namoly, 17 inchos,—aud, tkough ahe funted tisico whilo the vtays were boing modo 1o moct, sbo woro them without sceming m](fi' to her hoaltl, aud before sbe latt actool sho hod n waist measuring only 14 inches, yet shio nevor sutfored s dny's lnous.” "o lady Principal who “ordorod " the wnists of her yml:ile to be reduced to o certain sizo, might properly biave married the so-catled *tyraut® who cut off Lis prisoners’ feet to mako them fit the beds he hod provided for thom, and hor husbeud might have advantageously euperin- tendod the * fipure-training ” of her pupily, and brvo asuisted Natura by * Act,” which might be callod by hasty obsorvera craelty, Oue lady Principal ioa been porticalerly fortunate in hor gnpua. T'hey not ouly submit to tigbt lacing, ut positively delight in it; and iudoed she Las been obliged to rosort to *sovoro punisbe mont " to chack tho practice of tightening the “corsot * voluntarily at might bsyoud tho regu-~ Iated stringonoy. It might be n intereating question whotlior ¥ doportment ™ was studiad i1 nuciont timos, and by what mothods. Vera incessu patuil dea ; but how waa the Goddosy taught to walk? Did Holon— vaughter of the Gods, diviuely tal Andnost divinely fafim ‘ly . wear in ohildbood e ‘*back-board” like that whiels ia dopicted iu thosa pages ? Did the ailver- footed Thetis ever staud in tlo stocks *‘iu tho ficat position in_dancing,—nawely, with tha houls togetber and tha toes turned outwards” 7 In some vountrien & girl will walk from fountain to cottage with s heavy pitcher of water ou her hend, oreet, steady, yet light of tread, without spillingz a drop, and ° without ralemg a hand to sapport her burden., Nuturo, and uot art, has taught that girl a *‘deportment” which no dancing or driil master or contriver of hoards snd stiaps coulil equal. In our own counlry, hotwover, although thore is much beauly among the lower populstion, thero {8 not muelt grace. The boggur-mnid wonld in geveral nced womo justruction hofore taking hor seat oo the throne of Kiug Cophetan, Drydon illustrated tho dif- ference betwoen London Lofore aud after tho Geat Fire by the compurison of a rustic and a Queon: Before, ahe like gomo shepbordses did show, Wuo gat to Liatho her Uy & river's shio; Not answering to Ler fame, but rude and losr, Nor tauglit the basuteous arts of modern pride, The sitn ol tho devoteesof tho *corsot” s to texch and learn theso mis, and wo can only la- mont thas thoy should vroceed, with av enthusi- asm which epares neithor themselvos nor othera, upon an utterly fatso privciple. Wo lerrn from theso interestiug pages that the ** back-boards," * atocke,” * face-boards,” and other instruments. of our grandmothers’ fizure-training, sre again coming into vogue, aud although the suthor geoms to cousider ome of these coutrlvauces barbarous, we must say that they would bo in- flaitely preferablo to tho vaunted **corset,” becauso they were at worst only irksome, whilo that ie positivoly mischiovous. The vice of what muy bo crlled the ‘“back- board"” system woa thet it Jept the pupil atill, wherens thu samo or a better offoct might be produced by regulated motion. A ma- ochine much favored at girls’ schools formerly was what is called & rcclimu}; board,"” on which tho pupil was requirsd to lic motionless for an hour or more. No doubt this * diseiplino " would be favored by the storn higots of the “cornot,” bocauso it was disagreeable, Dut, it the board wero made six times the ususl longth, and fumishod with pegs at the sidos #o that tho pupil might pull beroalf up and lec horself down Ly them, it would becomean amueemont instoad of bolng » ** diseiplice ” or o punishment. The inl- tiated reader will porozive that wo ave describing an ordinary aud favovite fusture of o gymuasi- um, aud wo shall be borns out in the romurk that oll the valuabla results of tho *‘back-noard " sys- town may ba attained eamiy and pleasantly by the ure, under proper supervition, of 2 gymussium, The lovets of the “careet ™ would probably re- quiro a roligion to Lo speciatly designed for them to mako their plensures lees, and thoy clearly object to any education which is not based on sovarity, But we aro bappy to find thas thoy ree- ommond danoiog, and have pot yoi proposed any mathoa by which it way be made puinful or oven frksomo to the loarner. In the last con- tury all ‘fcullnmen loarned to danco bocaune thoy could not_perforis minuata by tho light of naturo, aad all leorued to fonce bocauso thoy were liable to fight duels. Thesa wers the txo main elements in the ¢ flgure-trajning” of our mulo auoestors, and neither involved pain nor ovon coustraiut, Ioncing still romains unsuz- pasked as & mensus of imparting grace and dig- nity to the enrringe, aud it iaa hosithy aud do- lightrul exerciso, —particulurly iu the winter months, when cricket and buativg aro out of rosdon, Teocing, indoed, deserves moro rtten- tion thnn it pow recsives. Tho systom was elab- oratod during soveral generations with the pur- poso of giving lite, elegauve, und activibty to all the 1aovoments of tho Lady, and it required mo- tion, which il the youth of both soxes love, and not rest, which Loy abhor. Wo commoud thia dintinotion to the notico of any parent who way Le inciined Lo favor the wiscliiovous uyetom of the ‘*corget.” As regards the profeusors of that systew, thoy aro no doubt impervions aliko to urguntent vnd ridicule, and wa should not bo suvprised to hoar them rocommend *¢ the utrict application of the corset” to young ladics =s o propuration for a podeutrian tour in Bwitzorland. ‘The Withdrawal of the Orenoque, ‘Tho Paris Journal Officiel of Oct, 13 contaius the following uote at the hed of ks non-oliicial columns : **Iho Orenoque hns Emt beon recalled to Tou- lon. The mgsion of this ship, which has been atationed at Clyita Vecols sinoe the mouth of August, 1870, wos to hold itself at the dlsposal of the tfoly tather, in the avent of his dnc)uh‘g. contrary to the dosivew of France, to quit Italy. ‘I'ho depariure of he Orenoyus dass not imply avy chunge in tho sentimouts of devotiou apd solicitudo ontertainod by Frauce for His Holiuess. Anothervessel hag beon placed at the disposal of the Tloly Fathor., Statioued for this purposo in one of tho Franch ports of the Mediterranean, it will be reudy at nil timos to respoud to the mumn- moas which sy bo addressed to it by ordor of tho Sovorolgn Pantiff, Theso new momsurey, the froo applioation of which eunnot encounter naoy obataclen, have boes brought to the knowle sdge of His flu"nsna,;who has condesconded to recoiva thea with canfidonce. —_—— ‘The Fhyloxora, The phyloxera 1s ou ita travels. I hawuow, aftor cuuning fmnense destruotion smouy the viusyards of Frauoco, evogsed over [nto Bwitzor- Iaod, It b wingutar thet of Into yoara two littlo insecty have appenred which dofy she power of man to deatroy, Lho Colorado™ potato-bug, u nml{, ulimy, vanil-liko torment to our Farmesrs ju uio Went and Bouthwest, nnd the phyloxera, whivh sets tho Frouch wume-mokers to tearing theic batr in lmpotout ruge at the imposslvllity of stopping it THE FARM AND GARDEN. 'The Grasshopperey’ g 1o — Mulching al Wintare Wheaj~Leuning the Ore chard—flungarion Graw—"The Cnbe bitge Cut-Worin—Herbncoots Perens ninks=tlow tho English Ship Ntraws berrico—A Work for FrultaTrocs. K From Qur Aarictiitural Correspondent, Orasteatan, 1L, Oct, 20, 1674, THE GRAJSHOPPER-TLAGDE. Wo biavo novoral lottora from wout of tho 3is- sourl, thavking “Fhe Farm and Gardon"” for ho comforting aesurance that the grasshopper, or ratbor locuat, is not to be nn annual visitant, but only a semi-occrafonsl seourgo, not porlinps worso than the iuscots that Acourgo other locali- t106. No one should sell out on that account, but it may bo neasssary to go somo - distance to socure omploymont, to tido over until another crop 1 wocured. Tho rozl trouble iy, thot #0 wido o district s loid . wasto at the same time, whorsos drought and other dissstors aro usually confiued to more narrow bounds, and the strickon ones have & less dis- tanco to go for sld. Even m (his County of Champaigu, that, on tho whole, hes & fine aver- nga crop, there ara communities that ara almost an TADLY BTRICKEYN DY TILE DROUAnT A8 Bro thoso of the traus-Missourl country by the gragshopper. The slowers have eoms in stronks, oa wo call it, and left some fearful droughty interyals. I know of many farms on which the corn, under the bost etate of culture and planted in good season, will not turn out 10 bushela to the acra; aud, on the same farms, tho whest and oats would burdly pay for har- vesting, and the mondowa and pastures’ ara brown aud bare as {o winter. Yestorday Isaw o fields, o road soparating thom; on one side, formation wo wish will be thankfally recelvod throngh 1ho columns of Tirk TRibuNE, Respecltally yolety J, Cuwnry, Tho trouble with this orcbard 14, that it hos hoon pruund oo much, nnd that lo Junt what produced the great abundance of wator-sprouts that ks filled tho uppor part of the troos with o suporabundanco of wood-growth, and produced doath in tho Jowor branches, That old doctrine of pruning out the Leads of tho applo-trae ought to - begin to pive placo to a moro ronsoneblo priotico, Tt I on & par with tho ald Allopathio” practica in medicine, to curo o fovel with a doss of calomal ond Jolap, with coplous Lleoding, If the potlent did not dis, it wns no fanlt of tho practico. And 80 it {8 with applo-troon; n fow of (ho most Lardy can stand o thorough pruning, but tho fl‘e“ mujority must succumnb (n a fow years, 1841 I wot my firat orchard, coutaining 200 yenrs of growth brought it into fai and tho treos wore VOIK t! proud of thom. They Dad not heon pruned, and pooplo muid {t wes time to prung thom. Of courso I took thin advico, and sot mn old npple-aurgcon them, ‘Tho result was tho almost outira destruction of tha orchard, which in tou yonrs lost move than thirco-fourths of tho treos, which wera roplaced b{ young trees, Ay tho ofd onos R&VO up tho ghost. When L loft tho place, in 1858, two othor orchards, containing about 16 acros, were in fine bearing ; but tho heads hed not baon tampered Wwith, and, sinco that time, I Liave plunted abont 100 ucres of orchnrd, but the knifo hus boeu hopt out of their hoads, and there isseldom a wator-sprout to bo sgon,—not onough in all to supply balf--dozen woll-pruned troos on the old plan, Such {8 my ex}mrlenuu fn pruving for more than thirty vears in the man- agoment of praitie-orchards, end on no_account would I permit tho thinning out of the head of & troo boyond the dead wood, or to correct somn mnlformation of growth, ‘The past spring and summuer I have douo a largo awount of work in cutting away water-sprouts st the bugo of the troos, and taking off tho droopiug branchea that would intsrfore with the plow, the mower, orwith. picking up the fruit, nnd the cutting out of doad r hoariug, brifty, and I wk«'l the farmor wae getting 40 bushels to tho acro, while tho farmer ou the other was husking twalve rows, 80 rods long, to make & load of less than 26 bushels. ‘Thero was no difforonce in the Iand or culture, tho differenco being in two sum- mor showers that failod to more than lay the dugt on one, whila tho body of tho showers paesod over the other. One of theso formors will bovo corn to soll, and tho .other hna none, for, while the yiold is light, tho quality is only fit for feeding ;- wnd this farmor has had to purchada a lot of hogs at & Ligh figare in ordor to renlizo somothing for his corn, of which ho had about 150 acres, and bis estimato 18, that ho will bave to borrow $500 to tido im over tho year. Now, if the ssme disaster Liad sproad aver s wido an aren e that of the grasshopper-re- gion, the result would bave been oqually disna- trous. But tuon wo hear of streaks or wido areas that bave cscaped. Wa need feer no furthor visitation under eight or ton yosrs, and thou it may not ba so genorsl as the present ono ; and, should the visit accur ing wot season, tho domage will bo much less, WHAT SIALL WE DO WITIf TIE EGGS that are now laid ? ia tho most Important ques- tion. Whon it iu possible, plow the land daoply, and that will provent mout of them from hateh- ing. Bhould the aprlnibo cold and wet, fow of thom will hateh, and thus will bo lossened thoir power for mischiof for the opming year. Para. wted, birds and poultry, feed on the newly- hintcliod Luascts, sud thus lessen thair numbors. Ay 3 general rule, the epgn are Iaid iu the dry lend,~—that which is either undor eulture or rub- Joct to culture,—snd the farmer iu thus enabled to loason their numbers without aoy'additional oxpouae : but bo must gea thas the work ta dono before the egga aro biatched ; for, when once ont of t:m ’shull, thoy ara comparatively beyond his control. There fe nothing romarlkable or drasdful about this affair, or anyihiog that calls for more sym- pathy than MANY OTER DISASTERS thatare liablo to Lofall the farmerin any other part of ihe country. Cortain locations are oirickon in turn, At the South, it may bo drought orthe boll-worm; s the North, = thou- sand things fu turn, but no one spreading over ‘wids arens of country. In‘the spring-whoaf dis- trict, thoy have had seasons of rust und blight; auiong potatoos, the rot, dronght, and the ine sectn; the corn-grower suffer from wet weather, frost, the out-worm, the May beotlo, tho chinch-bug, and drought; the 0~ keoper from beo-cholers, the patent-hive flend, and puro Italian queens; and the orchiardist hws his encmios in insects and fitful fancies of the climatalogical zyrations ; and thus 1t is, the grasshopper region 18 not tho only ono cursed and to be svoided, but s wide area for thousands of prosperous and happy homes, Another year, and tho wmoat of the farmera of that now sfricken region will have forgotten thesa things in tha changed condition of tho outlook, Tho whoat crop hns nearly all ‘beon saved, and thoy ara within reach of aid, a8 railrosds reach almost to every point. No doubt those things will TURN TAMIGRATION INTO OTHER CHANNELS for a timo; but the Weatorn prairios porsess an attraction that is irreaistible. Tenneksos, Als- ‘bomag, Misslssippi, and Lonisians, offer attrac- tjouns in their cheap lands, mild climato, running strezms, ond valuahle wood-lands, that ehould secnre attontion. That gront bugbenr, Southern socioty, has been used against thoso soctiona nbout long onough, snd it s time that it wos worn out, Our Ilinois Cautral Railvoad has direct connoolion with the Sonth, and its cars aro daily losded with peoplo to nnd from those States; and in a fow months wa shall soo mors of thig, and have roro oxtended business-relations in that:direction. Two pae- senger-traan dadly lsave Chicago for New Or- touns direct, witzoul change of cars; and a large trado in fruits wnd vegoteblos has been going ou during the meason. gardoner at Jackuon, Misw,, writes me that he shippod to Chicago, and other points farther North, as high £s 70 bushals of snnp-boans daily, last apring, without loss of a singlo bushel of theso groen baouw,—au articls that ja lizblo to hoat; but the oool weathor at tho time of roacbing tho North was the canse of success, Flis givos tho 1ileo[lln of the North full.grown vogetablos s early ua thay ara ueual- 1y planted, and thus extends the scason. Asa rule, it is Northern mou who have gone South that are engaged in_this businoss,—n businesn yot in ita {ufanoy. I mention theso thivgs to show that thora L4 not only & wide field from which to relect & home, but n vnst variety of parsyits that Lave thelr attrnotions and oney-maldug prospacte. Whils there aro so many zood places, yet wo must boar in mind thut sl of thom bave somo defect, according to the tzata of the party intorontod. And yet tho stricken people of the iflwhoppuhngionvmuflt uat bo fargotten, and thoir pressut neods ought to be suppled, more espsciolly that, sava the wheat crop, they havo little lofé for food, aud lesa to pay for clothing. MULOIING WINTER-WIEAT, ‘TiswILwa, Bureau Co., Til,, Oct, 16, 1874, Mp, “RuiaL'—Srit: 1 havo sown & small quantity of winter wheat, which, I intend, portly for experi- Tuent pieposes, to protsct, by inuleking or otherwire, sguinat tbo sevority of the’ winter-scaaon, ~Befors 1 Commence operations, perliops you can enlighten me upon tho sublact of winter-protection to winter whaat, J. M, Vaxpeuvont, The mulehing of wintor-wheat with siraw hag Deeu pructical more or less_for s loug tire, ‘Some years ogo, » party in MeHonry County took out o patent: but, whon ho came ta soil farm-rights, the fraud was oxposed, mnd the thing obendoned. But thet need uot dotract from the yoal value of the practice, Tho cost of Jabor has had more to do in retarding this prac- tice tban sy other cause. Tho land for the wheat should be made fino and the surface eronth, and the straw mny then bo eyvenly wsprend over the surface, aftor tho gronnd hny been frozen hard, It will gottle among tho plants and hold tho snow evenly; and, at tho Jume Himo, prevaut tho daily thawivg of the gurfaco, which isthe most domaging to winter- wheat, Sward-land is the bost for this crop in oll that port of thia country south of the snow- lino,—that is, where the snow prevents sn all- wintor covoring, protecting the ground from deap freezing, Vinter-wheat {o ofton sown among tho staud- jog corn, in order to be pra&uoml by the talls, roity mnch ao the casg SHLY alvaw, but with tbls Qiifor- onco : the whoat i too mueh shaded by the corn during the fall, aud doos not tiller oum’nu fast ag it shonld or would do {u the open ground. All thosa who Liayo strasr to spare, and have winter-whont, would do woll to glve itn trint, and they will bo highly gratitied ju on in- eronted vield, A noighbor told me yostorday that he Las o vory filne crop of potatoon grown wnder atraw thig soaon, ‘and is delighted with thia, his firat attempt ini that direction, TRUNING THE ORCHARD Havunook, Tl,, Oct, 18, 1874, M, ¥ RORAL "—S80 ¢ My mother Las an oroburd of abont twenty-hve youra® growth, that, for the Just twa -arg, Lka producod littls or no fruit, Blhie devires wy o yriwio if, wid I do not know how fo bogin on ft, I il wxplaidh to you, as nevr ua_ powsiblo, the condition of tho trees, In tho frst place, they buvo not been ruucd for IWO years, cuil tho walor-yprouts ure very bick jnthetops, ‘Uhoe trunks nre vovered with Tongh luose burk; uud tho lower Lrauches aze mostly all dead, Would y0u advie fo rva the trves o thorough pruniug, cullln%lmuy all doad branchuw, &c? Yould on dn{t thie fall, oy wilt il epaiug d you flup the ground ju cultvatlon or in gram? 'Che {ne wood occasionod by the winter of 1878, 1t may bo asked, What shall we do with THE BHOCK-UEADED SEEDLING TREES ? In tho fiest place, sucli o trepis of little value, and the thinving of tho hoad will make it worse rather than Lottor, ne it will be filled with BEmu!s, ond, unless those aro cut out asnually, the treo nill woon bo worthless. If wo look at the troes that produce largo cropu or fruit, wo find that the leady are rather open, and thoy havo no surplus wood, and need no trimming § whilo the trecs that grow very upright, with thiok henda, ara poor bearors, ‘Thono hava what is called the fastigiato forn. But to return to tho orchard ln question, whicly, lilto the man who hag beon oyorduged with dings, must_have moro drugs to antidoto the troublo alrondy catsod {loreby. “Wo must cut away all tho disensed portions of the top, and thin out the superabupduns growsh of' wator- sprouts, aod then look after them aunually thorentfer. If tho land i3 in grass, it should by put under culture, aud have s top-drossing of manuro. The pruning may be done now, and all thiough tho winter in mild weather, when the wood in not frozen. Thero aro two periods whon pruning 18 out of ordor,~tbat is, whien much wood heg to bo cut away,~—tho cold of winter, and tho hest of suinmer, whon the troos are lua state of vigorous growth. An orchard that hed a severe pruning & year ago lnat sumuner was serionsly damaged, “and many of the trees diod, aud all are sickly, I do n0¢ think that any of them will fully "recover, Almost every spring, men go about the conntry praving orchiords, 1 would not have omo of tlieso men operate in my orchard on any account. Tley are TRES-DUTCHERS, and know nothing of the habits or wants ef tho treos that como uader their hando, In tho ma-~ jority of cases, tho farmer allows himsolf to thin” out tho hoeads of his yanu[{’ treoa just as thoy bogin to come Into benring, und they ara” cavinin to ent away the berring wood. I thoy have any doubt about this, lot thom leava ovory alterunte trae untoucliod, and tinted with colara that na pan ean degoribe, in |x:]hluh tha ordinary tonea of water went for nothe 35 you tea {n cortafu shiolla ; now pestly gray of fn= cradible dolioncy,~futther on blues, lustoricas,0 strenkod like n Domasona blade, or elso ratubote liod raflaations lika thone of ' the pollicta on molton tin; ton belt ns smooth a8 glasn, sua: weeded & brand band waved like molre sutiqua; and ail this light, soft, vague, limpld, closr, to 8 .]lugruu that no pon and no palette can ronder. Tho frenhout tlut from w human poncil would hava hoen & muddy siain upon transparenoy &0 ideal, and tho words that I employ to give au jdoa of this marvelous palesplondor sooms to me like Dblots of fuk falling onthe finost tintod vellum trom s spnttering pen. If wome vessol aniled Now thoy wore opaline whito tints, such a4 past ug with its genuin color, its salmon- colored mnsty, its outlings cloar and uhn{sly definod, it 0 , in the mi secdling and 200 graftod trons, “Kight orino | Jorsio it thio milat of this ysian bluo, & inuid air ; ono conld dranm’ of nothing moro liko fairy-Innd than this luminous infinity. tweon_ the milky water and tho opalino kky, encirclod by its nmtual crown’ croncllntod with turrets, the superb aithonetta of 8t. Potorsburs, whouo tinta of amathyst draw line of domnrkn- tion botween theso two palo Immonsitien ot soa and_aky, n neodles upon this diadem, the richost, the most benutiful, that evor city woro upon ft4 brow. Hoon St, Isaac’s outling bolwesn its Gve Lolle towora, its ontpoln of gold ltko a tinras the A miralty darted high {n air ita glittaring avrow 5 In the dietauce amorged slovly bes Gold geintillatod in scales ond fa the church of 8t, Michsol tho Archangel rouud- ol Its domes of Muscovito curve; that of the Horso Guards liftod sharp pyramids, tucir tips adorned with crosdes; and s crowd of moro ro- ‘moto church-towers glenmod with their metallio lnater, Nothing exists move splondid thiau waa that golden city, upon_that horizon of siluor, when the evoning Liad all tho white radinuce of tho dawn," R THE EMPRESS BEUGEKEE. YWhat Ker fusbond Snid of alor, The Octobor number of Fraser's Magazing contains su articlo entitled “'The Empross Lugente Skotchod by Napoleon IIL" 1t Informa us that when the Second Empiro was, to all ap= poarance, tirmly fixed, thers was started in Parls, undor the namo of tho Dix Decembre, & uows= papor, under the immediate control of the Tme voror, In which articles wero occasionelly in- sertod proceeding directly from lus pon, oketch of the Empross, which appearcd on Deo. 15, 186, was the first of theso, and tio manus ueript drafl, written entirely in the Emporr'a sutograph, was found afterward, whaon the catastrophe of Sedan placed the Provisional Re- publicsn Govornment in possessiou of tho Tuilories. Of this curiousgdocument the maga- zino article supplies a translation made as liler- ally ag posatble. It begina thus: ** "Uo-morrow in tho fote day of tho Empress, The occanion i sppropriato to esy s fow words an to tor. Spaniuh by birth, aud deughter of nu illustrious patrician family, cortain fiub]lu organs, ende vor continually to represent Lor as itnbued with tle moat intolorant religious fanaticism Lud with all tio projudicos of aristocracy. It is hard that, placed ‘on ono of the grandest thronos of tho universo, hor qualities should be thus miscons atrued," Then follows an account of her father, the Count of Montijo, *‘oue of thoso rure Spaninrde who, inspired with a pasaionato devo- tion for the Emperor (Napoleon L). followed him through all his wara," After the death of the Count, the hospitablo salon of tho Countoss ot Madrid became the rendozyous «f tho toro- most intellects of all countrice, diplomatits, men of lettors, or srtists. Of this socioty tho two daughters of tho Countess formed tbo onta- ment. **'The eldor was quickly espoased by tho Dule of Alva. 'I'ho youngor attracied remark by tho most livoly gracos aud tlie mest amiable qualities of the heart. Burrounded often by porsons whoso sentiments woro thoso of 2 puriod Dasged away, her early intelligence caused horto rejoct many of theirideas which ple conld not approve, and, whotior Iufluenced by tho sauvo- nire of the yoar sho passed with her fathor, or by the caucation ho had receivedsu Frauce, or by anatural enthusinsm, she wax ropentod!vhonrd to sastain in her selact circle the oause of prog- they will soo the result plaiuly enough before the ond of thouanson, The booka on orcharding all follow in the eame beaton path o4 regards prunfog; sod in one thing they aro correct, and that is to prune annually, for, after having, by one injndicious pruniog, ostablished a vigorous growth of water- sprouts, thoy must bo kept in check, or, after two or threo yoars, tho trees oroin & bad con- dition, RUNGARIAN GRASH. Ciianrros, Ia,, Oct, 1, 1874, n, “ BURAL"—8m: I frequeutly hear Huugarian spoken of, as nut Lelng perfectly wafo to feed su all sluges of jta growtl, und undor cll clronmstances, a8 timothy {8, Soruo 3y it la good foF cows, but R0t for hores, Noxt, whot can ba done to keep the cut-worms from outting off the cabbaga planta aftor they have bLuen transpiauted 7 1f the above queations Love been asked and nue swered through Tak TRIDUNE, It was before I becamo n seader of that valuablo paper, 8.1 L. P, Hungarian grase may be fod with safoty in all stuges of it growth, o all kinds of stock ; bub tho Tipo soeds arebighly dwretic and injurious 1o cowa and Lorses, affectiug tho kiduoys, and thus makivg thow wenl in the back. For {his rea- 80D, it nuat bo cut bofore tho socd matures, the botter timo Loiug juat boforo Lloowing, or, it ta allowed to ripen tho seed, it must be thrash- od aod the straw alone fed out. As & geneial xulo, this grasy or grain must bo wown rathor catly, zu tho chiuch-bugs ore vory foud of it, and the late-sown 16 lablo, tobe destrosad by thom. As a forage-plant, it has not beon fally appreciated, on account of o lack of the proper trentmout au regards tho time of cucting, Gardenors looh attor THE CAUDAGE CUT-WOBMS - in the morning, and doatroy thom na they are found st the root of their last victim. ‘This iy the only remedy that Iany acquainted with that 18 of practical value. Bome suppous that an ap- Pplication of pinster, or of guano, will keop them oft; but tho hend-picking hus always boen my remedy. TIEDACEOUS PERENNIALS, A ledy friend inquires the proper time and modue of oxtendiug ber plantation of the sbove. Tho following will give tho information s It ofien huppeno that the beds {n which thesn gros nood reurranging, or mulliplylag and oxtonding. ‘Autwion i the time for the work if the pluntu ato Lardy. A fine display of tho herbocoons peonies muy beinkdof they uro planted fu marses, cud, by now dividing thow, the nuinbers may bo greatly ercaoed, Ont the floshy roots with s shary Luife, leaving 2 few buds on ouch ploco, and seb out ogadu in sich soll, coverlng slightly with leaves, Muny othur herbaceous arennlaly may be treatod {11 1k sany way,—such un ollyhocke, larkupurs, columbluca camnpaunlas, spireas, veroncrs, phloxes, pentstemons, Irisos, dicentras, etc, - Wiien the loaves dio down und bocowe dry, they biny be densoly cosored with leaven; whew thiey reuiain DSrUy grecd, 100 donsy o cover wilt canse themn 1o rot, and, 1u suchi_canes, a protection by over- groen brapclies {8 boat, All plunts after removal aud divislon ure reudered ~sowmawhut tenderer; hencatho reason thet a slight covoring is advisable, The whort- ness of our springs, cud the vory carly mtart which these plaats wake, render the presont sesson the bost for this work.—Cotintry Gentignutn, SHIPPING STRAWNERRIES, This, eccording to ou Bnglish papor, ie the way thoy pack strawberrios for transportation over thers : Strawberries are the most diffieult of nll Lindx of frult ta pack safoly, Wrapplug each frult fn o leaf la s woud plen, but dert fugers only can parform thio opor- tion withunt brutaing the bercles, Wo like fo yull thon off the plants by the foot.stalls, and lay thom in tho box In the sawne way, shmply placiog n flaceld struw- ‘borzy-leat Letweon tho torriew, Tue boxes chould bo I {uches deep, und, before king, u thin layar of cot- tou-waddiug shonkl ba lld on tlis bottons, und on this woft Vine-leaves ; nbove tha fruit, nothing biudu so well ua tho soft struwberery-leavoa bofore montianed ¢ aud, whove, layors of colton o leaves in their places, It s vnri imuoriant that tho strawberry-leavea for packing shonld bo gathered soino houra befors they ure wanted, and allowod to dry und g In the fruit-room, a8 leavca freshly gothored Sro altogether unsuitablo, I fenr that onr markets weuld be poorly sup- pliod with this indispousablo fruit if we hiad to pursue the abova pian; but it ouly shows that, an_comparod to Jokn Bull, our Yapkee fruit- growers have made oo little prograes in giving the million chonp fruit, A WANI ¥OR TRUIT-TREES, J. B, asks for w wash for fruit-troes. Tho most evailablo iasods,—common sl-sods of tho shops, costing G or 8 couts n pousd, One pouud to thrae qnaits of water, After tho rongh bark oud moss hwvo buen seraped from old troes, ap- ply tuis wash with s woolen swab, aud to young traca without the seraping., Potask is nlso good, but diftioult to dissolve, and costs moro, bitt in of donble strength. All old orchards ara vaetly benofited by this trontent, The best of all is a solntion of eoft-soap, about the cousistenco of whitewseh. This iu ov- pecially valuablo rs o remody sgainst the borers, 10 thoy declive to lay their exgs in the brecs thus protectad, Scraping off the rough burk deatroys iho hiding place of the codllui:-muth, aud gives & good opB nity to trap thom under papor- bands, That may be npplled totho tres with common tacks, Rumaxn, e g i Wintor in Itssitts Inhls @ Winter in Russia,”" Theopile Gautlor thus dosoribos his approuch to St, Petoraburg : # The woather wos magnifioont. A lght, daz- £ling but cold, fell frawm the cloar sky ; tt wus & boreu! azury,~polog, s to speak,—with shades of witk, opul, kteel, of whloh our sky gives no idon ; & pure, whice, siderin) radtance, wiich dovs 1oL woem to omauate frow the nun, which 19 what ouo ¢eoy in droawe, iu somo othor planot thun our own. Under his milky vault tho hne menne watory lovel of tho gulf was strotohed, reps and of modern idess.” What s described as o curious incident of her lifois then told: #¢Always_inclined toward: thoss who wsuffer, intorested in all tho oppresscd, she nourished a soeret aymputhy for the Priuco, wko, victim of bhis convictions, woa nrisonor at llam, and with hor young voico pha urgod her mothor o go and omry to the captive such . cousolation au might be posaiblo, The Conutess of Hontija had decided, it is #aid, to nudortaks this pione pilgrinegte, when hor object was suddenly turied nsido by an unlooked-for circumstuucs. “Lhis sorely-tried Princo, sho was Homo ve Iator her- Helf to sea—uob in tha confloement cf & dungeon, but rained by national acclemation to the head of o grewt Stote; sbe was to exarcian on him the attractions of ler boauty, of her esrit, and of the unsurpassod nobility of her sentinents; sha was to become a part of his exiienco nnd ta aharo his desting,” ~ Aftor referring to tho Iime proas' visit Lo the cholora vationts at Awmiens, hor lubors in connection with tha ehumitable sociotios of Paris, and the * political tact and seutimont of justice” with whicli sho had oxer- cised the regency during the Fmporor’s sbsence 1 Ltaly and Algeria, the wyiter ays: ** Rolioves of tho ocouputions of duty, the Empress dovotcd heraelf to norious studied. Oue muy say that thera is no oconoical or finzucial quostion to which she {8 o atrangor. It is churming to boar lier diecuss with tho most compateat mon these difilenlt problems. Litoratura, bintory, and art aro alko frequently the subjects of bor cotiverate tions, At Compeigne nothiug is move attrac- tive than a tea-party of the Empress. od hy o select cirelo, she engagey fnetlity fu the most eleyated wubjeo! sion ot the most familier quostionsd of intes 'I1s0 froghineas of her powsrs of concop! utrongtl, tha bolduass ovon, of lies woinions, & once improsa and captivate, Hor mida of ex~ preseing harsell, occasions: ear:actk, s full of color apd lite. With astonisbinz power ot exactness in conversntions on eowmran affnirs, shariges in romarks on muttors of State ot morality to @ pitch of real eloqueues” The akotct concludes Am follows: * Losides the intelhigont wowman and the sovoroiga, pradent and_courageous, it remsing for usfyshow tha tothor, full of solicituds and tondoru s for her sou. It hes boon her wish for tho perial to receivs a mauly education. S| statoments of his employmonta $0 by rend to ber; she followa the progreas of huy o sho, 80 o Uy, ussists day'by day in the develun ment of that young intelligence, in timt growin of meutal power, which: in the innetitor of ug high a fortuuo is tho pledge of the most brilliunl futuro earcer.” —_——————— Britzsh Ruilwrey Bizasters for Seps temper. Prom a Lowdon paver. As naual, the closs of tbo tourist Aeasoa pro. sonts a traly formidebls serios of railvuy diag tors, Of tiose there havo buen bweuty o1 which nino waero collisions, sud nino wore caused by trafus leaving the roils. Tho Lenxaabie & Yorkshiro is, ws usnnl, pre-enynout in baducss, and is roaponsible for six *‘nccidents,” fivo ai which wora collirions of a gorious kind, Twonty. nino parsony Liavo beeu killed fron caua boyond theirown contral, tlu]m ml:vro lio{n & ml 2al cu dll' tion, ninoty-seven havebeen wore orleeaneverely injured, nu}:] upwards of 120 hied boen badly cut, Dbriised; or soverely shakou. Tho Iriali railways, though poor und fow, geuorally enjor an im= munity from dieusters, but on this occasion they coutribuse two. ‘Tho great number of inatances of trains leaving the motals are probably duo to the worn-out and uneven condition or displaco~ ment of tao rails, owing to tho heavy fratiic of tha seasoll, whicix also allows little time or op- portunity for repuir, Thocollision in ovors easa aro the results of cavolessuoss, neplizeues, Labitual want of punctuslity, and duregor of rutes, How far thoso things are to b athiib- uted to worn-ont eaorgies, overwork, and tie do- ficioncy of strict and intelligent suvcryision on tho purt of the wuporior railwny ollieluls, i a quostion in favorof which thora is much to bo safd. The frightful catastropha at Thorpo is tha leading foatura for tho monsy, 'Lwvonty pursous Litled an_the spot, five destha aftorwsds, und povonty-five persons so injured w4 toraguira medical trentment, fs & disaster which L point of waguitude has ardly beou oyualed iu the en. naly Of railway wnlsfortunes, Tho dotalla ure too recont to noad recounting. —————— Movr a Wedding Din?t fl:hn:u offt. " P'roston, Englaud, appoars to be tho scene of froquant Tudirons idonts of o hymenel nature. 'Tho latosy roportad m n ooupla of runtics, wiio delayod their arrival at church so long that the pavson lost priionce sud viont Lome. Tho olerk sent for Liut ou tho arrival of tho bridg) party, which ombracod a largo numboy of country foik. 'The olorgvman, howaver, mada Linsto no ulowly in coming that the clerk bocama wenriod and depactod, und_then, on the arrival of the former, ko in wurn had to bo seot for. Pendiog hiv appearance, the crowd of ruet adjourned to an inn_for % few momonts, when thay were vumuoncd 890n to tho churoh, porron and clork boing thero, Vuw, howeyer, soveral of the perty, inoludinz the groom, wore rathst #how canie you 0 #” and tho elergymaa notisiu It, absolutely rofitsed to tio the nuptinl kuot, L sont the bridal paic awuy, eantiouing thom tg como sgain only when in that soburnve of miud conmatont with the solownity of such an ovca sion, Aud do the gaily-decked crowd sorrovi fuily Qoparted, tha bride aleot castiug reprosoii 1l “glancss at tho man whose love for 1is onf oaused this partioular *slip 'twizt cap aad lp.