Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 25, 1874, Page 8

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE : SUNDAY, OCTOBER 235, 1874—SIXTEEN PAGES. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. (PAYAELE 1X uvu;x). Sunca 2.3 ; B0 Post Pest PATEE @F SORECRIPTI S ‘be sure and giv tate and Countr. Tty expreces ieer, w7 I regisiered letie. 5. 3t Luk sk OBERsion TURMA TO CITY SUBECKIE HS. " - Daily, delirercd, Sunciy eicented = vents per week. n Cfce socrest h.emittapcet BAY O e Rty Shetared. % cante her week: elnered, Suney N RIBUNR COMPANY, Uhieago, Ml crrer Gerner Madizon 18 Dearbora-ets.. TO-1AORROW'S AMUSEMENTS. eet, betwoen Ma ACADRMY OF MUSIC—Halszed streat, betwoen Mad . i . Er ment sz Kaf R ke LA 5 'S THEATRE—Mzdison straet, between N e Ciate. Kngagement of Miss Caclotta Lo Dlereq. " Bast Lymne.” .EY'S THEATRE—Randaioh strest, betwesa m{lgflu ‘LaSalle, **The Virzinisa.™ ND_ OPERA-FIOUSE—Clark _street, eppouite St Hooie. Relly & Leon's Minstrals. MYERS ERA-HOUSE—Monroe stroet, betwesn Btate B D mora The Georais Minstrals 2ad variety parferancs. SOCIETY MEETINGS. B. Sherman, Grand Master of the 1.0.0. F.—Bro. B. , will address Rainbow Lodge, No. 400, I Beste o Mook, B, HCnine, 0o, & All memburs of riinily {prite o Ordst 3ad thelr {rlends ars cordially fomited. YETTE CHAPTER, NO. 2, R. A. M.—Hall 13 AT emvatstius Monay evavin, Sopi. Rlacbusiness. Byordorafthe Mo B oo o —Chiczgo Command- o Mondar evenine. il ENTION. STR KNIGHT! ..:“.':l:z.l K. . Specinl Coo 230 o'clock, for work o Kaighte soiiconsl lavitad Orlor. Ry order of the 'GOLE. SINGLATH, Focorder. Oot. 2, ai iting Sir E€ WHITE, AND BLUE LOYAL ORANGE s ifig s rézaiar meetiog te-morrow 11 sautheast corncr of Frank- ts., 31 7346 p. . sbarp. for work on . Degroe. Ponctoalat andancs is requested. Valins bomiions cordilly inntod. This Lodge meets seccnd i h th, e e e ot 16 B B, DR. MoCHESNEY, ‘Randolph-sts., warr toeth (or 8. Batlafas The Chicags Tribune, Sunday Mornmg, October 35, 1874. WITH SUPPLEMENT. . ‘COOK COURTY ELECTION. : TFor the information of those who are specu- Iating upon the probable results of the coming slection, we giva below some comparativa figures in each of the thres Congressional Districia of Cook County. To understand these figures it should be borne in mind that in 1872 the Ger- mans of Cook County for the most part edhered NFR OF CLARE AXD T S aart sad best full sat of ziven or moaey refnoded. ! Opposition majority. 30 110 Schaumburg.. Wheeling ... Total...... Lake Connty gave Farwell, in 18; of 1,359, The Opposition now claim that it will not give over 500 Republican majority, if it givesany. The recapiiulation of these figures shows that Cook County, in 1872 and 1873, voted as followe : 18T 1678.————y Liveral, Pep. dl;]n n, 1 1 W18 14 6,448 9 30,453 a9 w1067 It will be seen that the vote of 1873 was larger in the aggregato than that of 1872, and the ma- Jority was almost exactly reversed. Of coures, if the Opposition retain their numerical strength, they will elect their county ticket and sll three Congresemen; if, however, they have become disinzegrated, then tbe result will depend on tho extent of that disintegration. Caulfield starta out with last year's majority of 3,264 in his favor ; Harrison, in the same way, bas on last yoar's vote 1,568 majority ; while LeMoyne has the ad- vantage of no less than 5,835 majonty in this county, which Afr. Farwell will Lave to overcome. From all this it appears that of the thres Ro- publican nominces for Congress Mr. Ward's chances are the best, Mr, Smith's next, and Mr. Farwell's the worst, The popular impresvion has | been that Mr. Farwell's prospocts are the best acd Mr. Ward's the poorest. A glauce atthe figures will show that this is an entire mistake. GEN, SHALER AND THE FIRE COMMIS- BIONERS. Some two or three weeks ago it was definitely announced that Gen. Shaler would receive a formal invitation to come to Chicago as an em- ploye of the Fire-Department. The Citizons’ Committee had positive assurance from the Com- missioners that they would call Gen. Shalerin & way which would enable him to be of some sub- antial service io the remodeliug of tho Depart- ment. Bubsequently they preared a resolation, which was 8o changed by the Commissioners that, i effect, it simply gava the Citizens' Association the privilege of paying Gen. Shaler the sum of £10,000 to hoard at one of the firat-claes hotels in Chicago, and prepare occasional opinions for them. There wsa nothing in the resolution, ‘however, which gave either the Citizena® Asso- cistion or Gen. Shaler the sssurance that the Iatter should have anything to do with either the Board of Commissioners or the working force of {he Department. When this palpsble defect was pointed out, Mr. Sheridan maintained that the Board had no suthority to do moro ; but, zfter further consultation, it was thought that & new 1o the Republican party. They voted for Grant, and helped to give him sbout 13,000 majority. Soms of them voted for Koerner for Governor, leaving Oglesby only 7,300 majonty, while s 1arger portion voted for Black for Lieutenant- Governor, leaving Beveridge only some 2,000 majority. In 1873, the Germans as s body formally dissolved their connection with the Republioan party in this ity and connty, and joined with the Irish and others in forming a sew party, which curried the county by about 11,000 majority. The Law-snd-Order combination dissolved af- $or $he election, but the Pecple's Party remains subatantially intsct, receiving in addition the ac- sgreement bad besn reached. Agsin the resolu- tion submitted by the Board proved unsatisfac- tory for materially the same reason as the firat, —because Gen. Shaler wounld be brought here in su equivocal and embarrassed position. It was then that the Citizens' Committes addressed & communication to the Board setting forth that, unless the Board wonld comply with the clearly- definad and formulated agreemant that had been made in regerd to calling Gen. Shaler, the Asso- ciation would decline to tske any farther steps In the master. This eommubication was referred W City-Attornoy Jamieson, with instructions o saswor that the Board could seasion of all the Democrats who had voted sgainst it in 1873. The original elements of the People's Party are as & whole toba found in the organization known as the Opposition. That thers have been defections is unquestionable. It js elsimed that s large body of the Germans have gone back to the Republican party, and ihat s Kke defection hss taken place among the Irish. Nhis is deniod om the other band, anditis elzimed that the few who have gone back to the Republican party are more than offset by Demo- stata who voted the Law-snd-Order ficket in 1878, and who will now support the Opposition Baket. Witk this prefsce we submit the following tatistios of the fwe last alections: nam Sacond District, Horrison, Ward. 8573 12,183 weer 3,310 Thard Dustrict, Le Hoyne. Faruel, H 129 3,970 ‘The vote of 1873, with the Germans left out of the Republican party, sbows a different result. Assuming the Law-and-Order vota to represent the strength of the Republican party, and the People's vota that of the combined opposition, 'wa have this showing : BIRr? CONGAEIKIOXAL DISTRICZ. 1,753 904 2,672 2176 "2 a o 190 233 4 4% 9 10 100 110 DuPage County, which in 1872 gave a Repub- Hcan majority of 718, forms part of this distriot, SZOOND SONGREILIONAL BITIICT. Rep. Opp. 235 - 2408 1268 54 [T 2,959 11,488 PSSR -+t Op». 2, 245y 1,568 s23 1,15 58 Wavde, (Db ... b a5uEEEeExEunane o5 19 108 [ e » 8 L3 (3 ] 3 L3 not logally do more than it had done, if such were his opinion.® Mr. Jamieson, it is under- stood, has examined into the case, and has con- eluded that, thougb the Board eannot appoint Gen. Shaler, who is not a citizen of Chicago, to any oue of the official positions in the Depart- ment (such aa Fire-Marshal or member of the Board), it may employ him in such & manner that his services will be of practical assigtance to the Department. Precodenta for this are found in the employmout of Mr. Poole in the Public Library and ir. Felton ia the Bridawell. In fact, the appointmeat of Judge Dickey, whose home was in Ottaws, as Corparation Counsel, and that of Mr. Rehm, a reaident of Lake View, sg Chief of Police, wonld indiests that Gen. Shaler might be appointed to an official position if the Board were so dis- posed. This mnch, however, the Citizens’ Asao~ ciation have not asked at any time. Thoy simply desived to overcome certain quibbles, so that, whem Gen. Shalar comes, he shall not be with- out an occupation. This has at last been accom- plished throogh the intervention of the Law De- partment ; sod 8o the Citizena' Associstion stand roady, sa heretofore, to provide the money for the payment of Gen.Sbaler's salary. In New York, Gen. Shaler was one of seven Commis- gioners, bot was permitted by common consent to dizect the discapline of tha Department, and 80 socomplished admirsble reforms. It is not pecessary that he should sven become & momber of theWBoard, or occupy any official position, if the same common consent shall enabls him to do in Chicago what he bas done in New York. He is now called bers by a resolution, printed elsewhers, in the capacity of Assistant Engineer to the Board, and with authority to assist in the reorganizing and disciplining of tha Fire-Do- partment. This resolution has met with the official spproval of the Mayor, and ita legality is sustained by the Law Department. If Gon, Shaler acoepts the eall. as it is belioved he will, be will find bimsalt vnhampered in his work of reform. THEE CEICAGO PRESBYTERY. The Chicago Preabytery, as we are informed, do not propose to appeal from ths sentence of the Synod of Illinois North to the General Assembly. Their forbearance ontitles them to tho gratitndeot the publie. To foregothe judgmentof the higher court, which ordinarily includes men who both know thelaw of appeal and know how to distinguish between an offenss against their pre- judices and sn offense sgrinst the constitation of the Church, a8 the Synod evideotly did not, merits, and will receive, the approbation of all bat the pugnacious spirits of the denomination. The Presbytery takes the tros position in throw- ing the onus of further Htigation on Prof. Pat- ton's shoulders so completaly that he mnst sub- side, or bear the unmitigated contempt of hia brethren. The verdict ia his. The moral victory is theirs. And they need have no fears that the public will misconstrue their silencs. It will leak through the thickest brain in their Church that a final vots of 3Gin s Bynod of 300 mem- bers, after all the dragging, plagging, worrying, and petitifogping, tsa poor exhibit to make to thbe world against a Presbytery whoss vote for Prof. Bwing was ene-fourth larger, to say noth- iag of the elemsnis of which the two bodies were composed. It will get throngb the meet comjaod cranium that the rescinding of the dacision of the Presbytery simply andid the trial, whioh was Prof. Patton's own handiwork, and that the roquisition to strike Prof. Brring'a name frem the roll is very empty thunder, as the Preabytery, by Mr. Bwing's request, had ai- ready performed that small office. Prof. Patton pesszived very oarly in the seeelen thai the lew waE agninel him, ead thel Lls Lllovex ware : likely to desert him. Bo, with the adroitness of ' & Genersl, he argued toldly for a party vote, aud thoreby saved & handful 10 rocord hus ves- | dict. . The losses and gains of this Church eonflict are great. Whether they really offsot each other we do not know. In the former wo must i reckon the alienations and hatreds which such coniroversies engender, snd which years only can remedy. We muat also reckon in the loss of Prof. Swing and the Fourth Church to the | Presbyterian denomination, the great injury to i the Interior and to the Thoological Sominary of the Northwest. In the gain we have an ssser- tion of liberty in iuterpretiog the Presbyterian stundards, which the Chicago Prosbytery may be sure ia worth all its pains, and which will kindle » liko assertion in every part of this great de- nomination. FIBRE-INSURANCE. The Presidentof the Continental Insurance Company of New York bas published a stato- meut showing the balance of profit and losa in the fire-insurance business for the twenty years preceding 1874. The number of companies whoso business ia anslyzed is thirty-eight, some of whom have not besn in business during the whole of the twenty years. The aversge time of esch is thirtoen years. These thirty-eight companies, taken together, have sustained i losscs and hava paid in expenses (exclusive of dividonds) the sum of $258,908,654, and have earned in premiume $371,293,369, showing s net loss of $12,615,235. Of the whole number only seven companies show a profit. The value of this analysis ae an indication of insurance profits is incroased when we under- stand that these thirty-cight companies are all et alive and engaged in active businoss, and that thoy are mansged by officers of extended experience. These are successful in having avoided bank- ruptcy, and in keeping their capital unimpaired, though the latter has required in many cases sses-sments upon the stockholders, To the net losa of these thirty-eight comptnies now doing businesa must be 2dded the losses paid by the sixty-eight companies which failed in the Chi- cago fire, the thirty-two companies which failed n the Boston fire, those tbat failed in the Troy fre in 1862. and in Portland in 1866 ; and thus the aggregato net loss of the insurance business for the twenty years may be estimated. But even these atatistica do not tell the whole 3 Thers are incurance oompaniea failing every week, without any serious conflagration, sad the agrregate of capital wrecked and sunk in these, of which thers is no officis! record, must add largely to the aggrogate deatruction of capital invested in insurance. From these facts it will yeadily be nnderstood that insurance has not been a profitable busincss in the United States. Even for the period prior to 1854 the insurance losses, swollen by the areat fires of New York, Pittsburg, Albany, Brooklya, and St. Louis, swept away the profits of many years. As insuranco is s mere trade, Qopendent like any other mpon its profits, it is not unreasounable that those engaged in it should adopt such measures as will curtail the losses, which mot cnly out off all profit, but annuslly absorb 2 large proportioa of the invested eapital, When it ia clearly shown that daring twenty successive yoars the ingurence business has been carried on at a haavy loss, it is but natural that the eapital invested therein should be with- drawn, if the losses cannot be Jessened. Stock- holders will not contipun ta psy anoual contriputions to make good Impairsd capital Uunless lossea can be reduced, the businces must be sbandoned. Dariog the years of ths War some of the eompanies made fortunate invest- menta io Government securities, which wers ob- tained at low prices, have paid good interest, and have largsly advanced in value. This good fortune was independent of tho insurance busi- nees proper; navertheloes it bas carried the companies safely through serious trials. Nor sro the advertisad exhibits of the large assets held by insurance companies always to be eon- siderea as the outgrowth of profit on insarance. These statements show that they are largely counterbalanced by liability for unearned pro- miums, and in many cases are the result of extra sssessmenta upon stockholders to supply deficiencies, No one can justly ecomplain that an insurance company refuses to do business except when that bu giness is profitable, or to tako riakes where tho circumstances are such as Lo throaten loss instead of profit. THE LADIES’ TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT. The fall campaign of the Chicago ladies against intemperance waa opened last Monday. When it is considered what an enemy these fair advo- cates of total abstinence have to moet, their mode of astack seems anequal o the emergency, though altogethor praisoworthy and commend- able in its motives. Arrayed on one gide ars millions of capital and an army of distillers, brewers, wholesale liquor- merchan!a, saloon-keepers, and drinkers. On the other side are & fow women with no espital bus their tongues and their prayers. The odds are certainly against tho Iatter. But when it is eonsidered, again, that these women aim at nothing less than the anni- hilation of an appetite which, although not found in every individual man, is found in all nations snd among all large bodies of men, and baa been found in all times, their efforts seem like a waate of energy. To go to the root of the ovil of intemparance, it is neceanary to do ons of two things,—either to eradiczts the cray- ing for drink, or %o strengthen the will of the drinker that he will resist the demends of his appetite. By a weakening or annibilation of appetite, or by strengthening the will, and not otherwise, ean thoss good ladies hope to succeed In the particular reform they bave undertaken. The messures adopted by them will not produce either of thess effects. Mass meotings are not calcalatod to affoct sither the stomach or the will, especially s those who will participate in temperance maas meetings are Dot those wno stand most in need of reformation. Offering praver every day from 1 to 2 o'clock for the causs of temparance will not svail much, Judgiog from past experiments, so long as tha victims of intemperance themsolves do not join in the prayers. The man who would save himselt from the grest evil must bs his own savior. It cannot be done by proxy. Neverthe- loss, these ladies individually may have much influence for good Mothers may bring up their children in such & way as to guard them against tha saductive influences of drink. Bisters may bave a oertain power over their brothers. AMaidsos may refuss to aocept the attentions of young men addioted to aleohelis stim- ulasts. Women In svery sphers of life may adop$ Jobn Bright's plan for euring intem- parance by moking drinkiog unfsshionetle, By meagurea such aa thass wowmen will do mors far 1ha aauss they have se much at heart than they czn offast Goough ths churches, throagh psgurn, er Birsails Siee meetings. H lhap cea deviso some method of breaking up that thor~ oughly nonsensical and vicions practice of streating,” they will uproot the chief cause of intemperance in this country. This is peculiarly an American habit. It leads to sn enormous consumption of alcoholic drinks, which the drinkers themselves do not want, and wkich they would not take except in the way of polite- ness. Three or four persons meet in saloon, or botel, or billizrd-room, or other convenient placs, and one of them invites the others to take adrink. Itis held impolite to refuss. Having taken this drink, it becomes au faif, and in somo sense necessary, for each of the othars to stand treat, and it is extremely impolite for anybody else to refuse. And thus it comes about that in the end they have taken a3 many drioks apiece &8 there are persous in the company,—and all i obedience to a most absurd and expensive and unhealthful system of etiquette. In European countries when two or mora persoos drink togsther, each pays for his own. The rule of etiquota is procisely the op- posite of ours. Tuere it is held to be due to overy man's independence to pay for what he eats and drioks. To offer to pay hia score is an im- putation upon him, implying that he is too poverty-stricken or too mean-spirited to pay for bimself. It is akin to aninsult. The result is that nobody drinks more than he wants. Nobody offers his stomach as a sacrifice to the barbarian tastes and practicos of his neighbors. Let tho ladies and all other advocatss of temperance go to work to change this diabolical practice of treating. Let thom pat it under the ban. Let them show it up as a monstrons and gratuitous evil, having not even the poor excuso of ananpotite for drink. If they can succoed in introducing tho opposits practico—the prac- tice which obtains in Europsan countries—they will have demolished tho maiospring of intera- perance among us, and dissipated mora than one-half of its evils at one blow. THE CLOSE OF THE OPERA SEASON. Chicago once more sustains its old reputation of beivg one of the most gencrous and munifi- cent patrons of opera in the United States. The Cnglish Opers-Troupe, whose season has just closed, gave twenty performances, the gross re- ceipts of which were 836,177, oranaverage of over $1,800 per night. The details are given else- where. “Mignon " heads the list, with ** Mar- tha™ & closesecond, znd ** Maritana ™ is distanced, The result Laa excoeded the most eanguine expectations of the managament. It is all the more remarkable from the fact that this finan- cial success has been obtained notwithstanding somo very sarious draxbscks. In the first place, it was tho commencement of & sezson, sad the commencement of & soason is never anything more than s full-dross rehearsal for the re- mainder of it. Chicago was taking the re- hearsals for DBoston, Philadelphis, snd New York, those cities ususlly bpeing doomed to take the rencarsals for Chicago. The rehearsal character of the performances was manifest in the roughness of the cborus work: the crudeness, allied to considerable intrinsic stopidity, of the orchestral worx ; the shakiness of tho princip/Js at timez ; and the unevenness with which opiras were done,—tha * Bohemian Girl,” for ipatince, marrowly escaping being s fiasco, and **Don Giovaont ™ parrowly eecaping being the finert success ever made hers. Second, taere was grewt disappointment in two name., the aunouncement of which had raised the moat pleasurable anticipations—Messrs. Campbell and Cuaatle, The former haa bsen incspacitated from sppearing at all by cevers and dsogerous iliness, a0d Mr. Castle, for eome mysterious reason, has boan but the shadow of his formar self. Third, for sufficient reasons, radical changas have had to be made in the repertoires as sunounced, which has weakened the popularity of per- formances and substituted weak operas for sirong ones. That the troupe should have succeoded in doing such a heavy business, which almost comes up to the memorable Lucca sea- son, in the face of such obstaclea as these, is something unparalleled in the local annals of operatic history. The facts which eontributed to make the success are, first, the long dearth of music; second, the popularity of Miss Kel- logg, in whom, as an American prima- donna, peopls take a epecisl pride; and the popular confidence in Ar. Hess as & mansger, allied, of course, to the genoral fact that Chicago is the sheat-anchor of operatic managers, whether English, Italian, or German. It is well koown in operatic circles that Btra- kosch has been losing money all this sea- son in Now York, and loging it so fast that it iz doubtfal whether even Chicago can make good those losses, when he comes here next Jannary; and, while Strakosch, with all the influence, prestige, and fashion of Italian opors, has thua been losing in New York, ‘English opers, without these aids, and with but a single novelty in its repertoirs, has been making a hendsome profit in Chicago, doing so wellin fact that it conld closs tho honss one night for an extra rehearsal, sud give the profits of another night to a local charity. In view of such facts aa theso, it is 0o wonder that Btra- kosch is anziously swaiting the tims to *go ‘West,” whers he can have his work apprecisted and remunersted, and whers people sre bound to be entertained regardless of expenss. THR AVERAGE CHRISTIAN, The placid temper preserved by the evarage Christian in the mida: ef broils in which his Chasch is plunged is not pecaliar to the Pres- byterisn, the Episcopslian, or the Catholic. Whether i be the Swing controversy, the Bey- mour controversy, or the Dollinger controvorsy, & more serone and oontented oxistence than hia could hardly be found or imagined. He has no part or lot in sny of the controversies that shake the walls of Ziop, or any of the brawia that dis- turb the disciplos, whetber they meet in a small upper room or & large lower basoment. None of theso things move bim. He goea forth to his Iabor until ths evening, and back to his bed and board until the murning, unconscions that ang- thing worse is happening to the Church than that s few emaciated theologians are turning their spectaclos upon one another, with thoir usnal near-sighted acridity. e says it ia no funeral of his, let who will be sxcommunicated, dis- tellowshiped, or unfrocked. His social com- panionships are not governed by hia seo- tarian surroundings. Ho would not think of refusing to exchange salntations with a Socinfan, or dinoers with a Monophysite. Nothing could be farther from bis thoughts than to order a fellow-Christian ent of his offlos on theological grounds. He might for infringing s patent, but mot for falling to preach Baplismal Regensra- tion. ITa dicpossa of Lis articles of merchandise without refersnce to his articlea of faith. Nor ars his religions, sny more than his eommarcial or domaatia Lours, disturbod by the ansthemas of tue Pops. Be reads his Bibls and acys hla g ot (o fsmilyaltar, totelly oblivicas of 50 atsife o tongwes of tie babaplitiars, Mo e no striker or brawler, and would look upoa the strikers and brawlers of the household of faith with epprehension for that household, if he were capable of the adequatemental exertion. Hisina~ bility to realizo the peril comes of bia incapacity to comprebend tho cause of it. In fact, the average Christian may be said to be in a state of chronio torpor. And this tor- pidity acts both beneticially and perciciously upon the Church. His apathy toward both the dogmas and the opposition to dogmas hss the effect, ouriously enough, of aiding botn. He regards schisms, for the most part, as mero criticisms, turning upon phraseology in liturgy, or confession, which is just as susceptible of the right as the wrong interpretation. And, generally, there are as many of such ills to fly to in going out as there are to endure by staying in the soct. Besides, seceesion puts you in & more trving attitudoe than acquiescence, since s parade of saperior light draws criticism and incresses responsibility. Tho public is exacting when the individusl is pratentious. Then, to secods is to become positive, to remain is to be passive, and psssivity is indispensablo to the averago Christisn. This is how it comes that he is the strongest, although nnconscious, ally of all the dogmatists and controvereialists, and per- socutors and prosecutors. These thrive less on the positive attitndo of their adberents than on the torpidity of all the rest, who comprise the great majority. If the average Christian is accnsed of sub- scribing to & pyramid of dogmas which no intel- lect can ecale, Le will pooh-pooh sour pyramid with the remark that you and he had better leave thoss things to be understood by the *‘chair” endowed for that purpose. To the question whether s man should remain in & sect whose theological bill of fare be cannot digest, or even swallow, Le replies, either tbat he was never esked to assent to it, or that his sssent was given whon he was too young to know what he was about, and nobady expected him to know what he was about. The dogmatical portion of the sermon does not even go into one ear and out the other; it does not go ioto the earat all. It be is a Catholic he does not lose a night's sleep or a mess becanse the Jesuits carried the Qogma of Papal infallibility. He reads of the event in his newspaper over his rolls and coffee with all the indifference with which he reads in the same paper of the dispute over who was the anthor of Shakspeare's plays. Ho cares no more sbout the promuigation of dogmas at Rome than he does about the renunciation of them at Munich. Aptonelli has no more to do with his pesce of mind than Dollinger, and the TUltramontane opinions of ope aro as immaterial 10 him a8 the Old Catholic notions of the other. 1f he ia 2 Protestant he is equally unaffected by tho Iatitudinarians, the altitudinarians, and the platitudinarians. Thus we ses what s powerful conservative combination ihe average Christians make in the great depominations. They restrain rash schismatics, and eocourage by their apathy the mischievous beresy-hunters. If the average Christians should come out of their dormitories and take an active interest in the affaira of the Church, prosecu- tors as well a8 persecntors would come to an end. Tho history of tho Church would be very differ- oot from what it is butfor the torper of the average Chbristisn. Ho bad no hand in the masaacre of 8t. Bartholomew, but neither did he lift 2 hand to prevent it. He has protably had very little to do with the persecution of Protest- anta by Catholica, or Catholica by Proteatants, of Puritans by Episcopalians, or of Quakers by Puritans, but, by ralsing no voice against it, he shares in the rosponsibility forit. And to this day he continues tolook with s mixtureof stolidity 2nd dumb wonder upon all the Marys and Eliza- boths, the Jameses and Georges, the Cromwells and Calvins, and cares very liftle whethear the Church of England refuses burial to unbaptized babes, or the Presbyterian Chnroh opens the gates of Heaven only to elect infants, Admiral Polo's denial of the New York Free- man Journal's Porto Rico story is not sccepted by the person who started it in this cogntry, viz.: James A. McMaster, and he still yonches forits truth. McMaster is still a8 mysterious as ever concerning the sources of his information, but hopes, he writea to the Now York Herald, that between now and Christmas matters may bo 80 arranged that he can show through whom hus in- formation was raceived. In the mesantime he expressed his determination to inveatigate whether or not Admirsl Polo bhas been 8o indiscroet 8a to suthorize the publication of tho denial made in his name! He informa the readers of the Herald that Berrsno is excesd- ingly snxious to find out throngh whom Ger- many's bargsin with Spain was made known to bim! McMaster bas risen to sudden fame through the Porto Rico story, so much so that he has gompelled Becrotaries of Stats, an Admiral, a Dictator, n fow Kings, sad an Empe- ror, to take cognizance of his existence,—a faot of which previously ihey lived in blisstul ignor- ance. Bome reckless newspapers indulgs the practice of printing 1rresponsible ramors of commercial failures and embarrassments without taking any pains to ascertain their charscter. Thers wna an instance of this “ziud on Fridsy, whon reports were circalated abont a large finsncial house in New York which sieem to have been started for the purposs of a!fecting the grain markel, re- gardless of the injustice done the firm in ques- tion, and the damage to commercial intarests gonerally. Journals that have no mors regard for the intereste, of the commaunity than to sacri- fice the most {raportant of them to s transient seusstional announcament should be trested with the same ontempt that would await an in- dividual who c:irculates malicious and mendacions reporta about lus neighbora. The rumors of failure in the producs business in New York, current on Friday afternoon, csuzed gres.t depression in the grain markets bere; but lhey recovared tone somewhat whean it was found yesterday that thoss ramors were untrue. V'heat declined 1}4e, corn 4c, and cats 20per ba; and it seemed at ome time as if & panic in g :ain was imminent, a great maay lots being sold out under calls for msrgins. The markets c’losed stronger, with the best reason to hope thai. the storm has blown over for good. There ci:rtainly is little danger to be appro- bended | a wheat curcles, aa the price of ths$ grainis very low already; sad corn and oats would U.oar a decline without serfous loss te any except 1s faw apeculators who have held them up far scw; e time past at bigh prices. Itis £OO years since tha great Colosssum at Rome ‘has been nsed for tha purposes of & publie epeotricle. On that occesion Theodorie gaves ball-f:ght within its walls, wherein the noblest Romr s of them all participated, but eince then all y ;2 beon aidand in decay. The building, sa id pow otands, can scarcaly e recenafled with the a37'4 6f 129 kygois piaadess. [4 teed suerwied that s¢ ghts bad been given, befors the 80,000 apectators who lined the walls, with real ehips. But, 8o far as could be discoverad, there was no mexns of filling the theatra with wWater, and certzinly no means of draining it. There was no mesas apperent for sep- ating the arena {rom the audience, and tho lions and tigors, at all evants, bad s fair chance with thousands of Roman spectaiors. Within a few montbs, however, a great change has been mado in the zppearance of the Colos- seum. It has been found that the trus flooring of the building lay 21 feet below the level of the present grade, end that the years bad covered with rubbish and debris & most ingecious ar- rangement of walls and partitions. It is mow clear that with 21 feet depth of water sca-fights could easily have been given in miviature, and the discovery of the Cloacs Maxima, the main sower of the city Leneath the soil, shows very plainly how the water could have been drained off. Signor Rosa has done mors to explain away the diflicuities raised by the appesrance of the building than any other explorer, and made possible of belief the legends of the place. it THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST KHIVA. CAMPAIGNING ON THE OXUS, AND THXZ FALL OF RHIVA. By J. A. JacGausy, Correspoudent af the New York Ueraul With Map and Numerour Ibustrations, 8vo., pp.433. New York: Harper & Khivs ig 3 Khanate or. Principality of Turkes- tzp, in Central Asia. Itlies between tho Hea of Aral and the Rustian territory on thoe north, the Kahnates of Khakan and Bokhara on the ezst, Persia on the south, and the Caspian Ses ou the wost ; and covers an area of ‘about 195,000 square nules. A large portion of the territory is & bar- ren waste of fand; but Khiva, the capital- city, is situsted in = grest oasis that ex- tonds 200 milsa along the Amu-Daria or Osxus River, and stretches back s distance that is varicualy estimated at from 2,000 to 4,000 miles. The pupalation. consisting of Uzbegs, a Turkish race, aad Turcomans, is estimated at 500,000. Exclusive of these races are the Kir- ghiz, & nomadic peopls inbabiting the Deaert of Kyzilkum, and nominally subjoct to Khiva, The Uzbegs, who are the dominant, although not the most numerous, race in Kbiva, subsist by agri- culture, which, by sxilifal tillage and by irriga- tion, they have brought to a8 high state of per- fection. They cultivats the fruitsa common to the Tropics, the coreals, rice, potatoes, cotton, flax. and madder, 20d masufaciure woolen, cot- ton, and allk goods for nse and export. They carry on alarge trade, by means of caravans, with Orenburg, Bussia; Astraksn, Cabul, and Dokbar: Hostilities between the Cossacks and Khivans, provoked by matual deeds of plunder sud mar- der, have been carried on for sev- eral centuries; but bistory has . taken httle note of this desultory warfaro be- tween nearly esvage tribes. In the year 1710, however, Bhah-Niaz, the Khan of Khiva, being troubled to maintain his authority over his re- bellious subjects, sent an Envoy to St. Peters- barg to solicit the assistance of Peter the Great, and to offer that monarch the submission of the Khavate. Czar Peter, conscious of the ad- vantsge which this overture gave, accepted the submission of Khiva, but was too busy with ‘manifold European projects to attempt to estab- { lish his power at that timo in Central Asis. In 1717, lured by the prospect of finding gold in the sands of the Oxus, ho disoctehed an expedi- tion to Khiva, to make good the claim he based on the submissica of Skah-Niaz. The Russian force of 4,000 troops, under Gen. Bockovitch, tiaversed the 900 miles of waterless des- ort lying between the Russian frontier and Khiva, in the hottest season of the Fesr, endur- ing indescribable sufferings, and losing one- fourth of their number from the heat and the nardships encountered. Bat another Eban had succeeded to the throne of Shah-Nisz, and the new potentate had no idea of yielding the sub- mission which his predecessor had promised. By fair words be beguiled the Russian troops into bia dominions, and then came down mpon them with his hordes and cut them to pieces. Only forty men, after having been a long time imprisoned, escaped back to Russia to relate tho fatal disaster that befel the expedition. For 120 yoars after this event, the warfare be- tween the Cossacks and Ehivans continued,—the Cosaacks proving generally the chicf sufferers. Caravans oa their way to trsde in Contral Asia were liable to constant attsok, and thousands of Coseacks and Russian subjects were captured by the Ebivans and sold intoslavery. Exasperat- ed beyond endurance by these repeated outrages, the Emperor Nicholss orgsnized an expedition against Ehiva, which wag placed under the com- maod of Gon. Perovski. After a year's prapara- tion sn army of 5,000 men, with 10,000 eamels, sot out from Orenburg, Dec.1,1839. As the summer-heat had proved so destructive to tho former expedition, it was determined that this should brave the perils of & passage of the des- ort in midwinter. The season turned ont to bs exceptionally severs, and, by the time the troops bad accomplished half the distance to Khiva, the camels were dying at the rate of 100 per dsy, and the effective force of men was redoced to about 2,000. In this condition of things, the Ruusisn Gensral deemed 1t wize to furm about, and got his army back to Bussia sa guickly sa posaible. In 1865 Russia succeedod in establishing » urovince in Tarkestsn, bordering an Ehive; sod now, with someihing like a secure base upon whicn to send out mea and supplios, the Government resolved to pnn- ish the Ehan of Khiva for his lawless aggres- sioos, and bring bim to decent terms. Toward the last of Decembor, 1872, Czar Alexander dis- patched four expeditions, by 1a many diferont routes, agninet the small, bat placky and defi- ant, Principality of Khiva., Ons started from the Caucasus, under Geo. Markosoff; snother from Orenburg, under Gen. Verevkin; a third from Kinderly Bay, under Col. Lomsakin; and a fourth from Tashiert, in the Russian Province in Turkestan, under Gen. Kanfmsn. The ex- podition under Gep. Markoeofl succumbed to the tremendons dificnlties encompassing the route choseo, anl was compelled to retrest. The other throe detschments, after encounteriog incredible distresses and losses from heat, thirst, bunger, fatigne, and privations of every sort, rode up under the walls of Khiva, from three different directions, within s day sad & half of each other. The author of the volnme befors us, narrating the fall of Khiva, left Bt. Petersburg early in 1373, under engagement with the Now York Herald to Join the detachment commanded by Gen. Kaut- man, at Kazola, and report its sfter procoediaga. The 2,000 miles belween Bamars, on the Volga, and Kazols, was accomplished by him and his companiov, Mr. Edward Behayler, Charge d'Af- faires of the United States at St. Petersbarg, in 2 long, low vebicls drawn by horses, and oalled s tarantass. In this conveyance the travelers moved on, day and night, for & weary term of ‘wesks,—pausing only to ehange horses at the sia- tions, and awallow cups of hottea te thaw ou their frozen blood. The desolate sieppes over which they were passing wers daeply coversd with spow, and the ioy winds from the north careered over them in an uniaterrupted sweop of thonsanda of miles: * Day after day, night after night, wesk after week, £nds us on tho road, gliding silently forward; chsaging borves st stations 30 wuch alike that we seom to be amnving at the sams place over and over again; the same endless plain, the mme ever- receding homzon, until tha stepps becormos to cur beoumbed Imaginations, a kind of monstrons wreadmill, en which, mo matter how fast we travel, wo Always remsin im sxscily the same placa” Kazols—a flourishing town of 5008 mbab- itants, lyisg 50 milea oast of the northern shores of the Aral Bea, ea the Byr-Darma River —was reached om the 15th of April, Here Mr. MacGahan sxpsctad ie join the column led by tus Orend Duko Nichols Cen- stantinovilch, aad proceed wih { ca fo Xhira, Tho ansxpoxrisd detsutions he 2zl en the rosd had s ot him back, bowavez, thad, ca lis am wiral, ko ldimed st the ealiadn hod Leie & the march early & mon ready resched the shores of the Ogqs " LA & aDpointment was keen, for gy m;" Tegy, 1768 desert stretcuca botwoen Razop 0L, Mok Us, *ud these Mr. MacGaban noy m:nd tha 0y, to trawerse alone. In oppoution 1o é‘;flp:qu Pprotestations of all interested in bis WReyy brave-hearted correspantent starte oy > flous chase, with & train of threg :: v mounted, like himself, on Kirghi p teadugy carrying s few pounds of provisions 4ot 2 o o Provisi nition apiece. For & month, :::! ‘;‘:;’:mmn. itle sy wandered over the sang o Sy undauoted, in their search fo?’?hu’ g gian detachmen:, Every Painfal 2 ence incident to life in an arg known desert, in the midst of a hostily e ras endur_ed by them. Mr. MacGahay m‘:""Y- bero or. himaelf, but relates hig !Ax-rihhl i tures with a simplicity in keeping with bj:d’n. aze. His descriptiona are rin‘d: aad country and a mode of existence most o) the inkabitant of cisilized luads, g o5 whodell in the Kyzil-Knm Desest, ane L1305 friendly race ; and, during the weekg Whigh MacGahan was thrown among them, tended generous and invariable Kindness, him. He adopted the plan of trustin, el totally, and hia trust waa nover batraped, o ever bu_ Came acress one of their Lttle n ambulating villagea (auls they aro cyjog 'y was cordially served with the best saterty 2 that could be provided for him, The E:;flu are & pastoral people, and their singula; age i habits are thus described : ‘The thres wintor-moxths are passed When tho snow Legins to melt they start gyt e ok early migrations, For nlne monthy they pyer 3 4 one spot more than threo days, and all tue Lo, 42 3 tents, Tiey continua their march oftey eiTa isva travaled 300 07 400 miles ; then thay poreld b 21l £0 back exacils o s rouie, Fucne i winter-qaarters again wh, W baging b S Tt is hacd 10 God woat mmf.';‘?&;i‘.“;'m..l“? l, piaces, beyond the respect Zor tadition. 4 e h one aul deserts, suother is £1ad 1o sceypy. pogLE otz . Kirgbls leavo good grasing gt Lo esd ravel huudre et vl mles 10 {af (nferior punss To inybody unacquainted with there dogs nok kecin 10 be he sigery movements, Taey have asystom: nev tribs aud every aul follows Teur after poss e same itinerary, pursuing the same puibe, soeal the uame wells, s their ancastors did a thyusseg 235 250; and thub many auls whoss {apabsirdlen togother nre bundreds of milss apart In thg sun, The rogulanty and exactitude of thelr moyas such iat you can prodict to & day wiere, iy 4 chonl verzl hundred miles, oy aul will beat ang o ofthoyeur. A map of the deaurt, mhorieg wis xouien of the differeat sule, I i could be i presast 3 network of paths’ meeting, e secilng each other in every wn:&.fxu"fi{i;"r' ‘orming apparently 3 moat inaxtricable enteg s and confusion. ety th, and mighy ey, [ thay g7, lowed to procoed for any distance u, vintion of a0 ad) or i fe0ih Tae Ptk 1:@"’“,‘;, ancestors bave trodden in & causs'of war; tad. fact, nearly all the internscine siruggles among th Kirghiz havo resulted from the encroachment of b tribe, Dot upon the pasture-gronds, ax might ba saps posed, but upon the itinerary of Anctha. Tasir babitanta of an aul are almost always ralstioas. 1u many casea they reem to havs Lean founded by two oo thro brothers, who, wich thelr wires, and aud grendchildren, make up a lile commanity, oust pying usually from fve o ten kibitkan (tents). " “Tne Krighiz, being Mahommedsas, ae allowsd to have more than one wife, but seldom use the privilege. Marriage is not regarded by them in the light of a religious instirution, bat merely as ®» businesa transsctin. The gl is s0ld by her father for a sum which hs usaally bastows on the young couple by way of the wife's dowry, or which he holds in trust for thes wife in case she is sent’back by her husbsni-, 28 she may be, ye: rarely 13. Shonid the wifets sent back to her father, she is parmitted to tats, witha her all the property her husband origmally gaveher: “In othor words, the busbnd,in’ stesd of seizing the wife's property upon ma- riage, as is the law 1n civilized countries, ac- tuslly protects her against future wast. This barbarous custom will no doubt bs abelished with the advent of modern cinilization and e ghtenment.” At length, at the close of thirty days’ hazard. ous and anxions quest in the wildersess, Mr. MacGahan overtook Gen. Kaafman's squedma on the banks of the Oxus, opposite Sheih-Irad, & fortified place in Khiva. He was welcomed by the officars with open arms, aad thenceforth freely shared with them their rstions, thait equipments, their exploits, and their amuss ‘meats. When he entered the Russiso esmp, he was reducad by long hardships to the last point of endurance. To use his own words: ¢ Hollow-eyed, hollow-cheeked, dirty, dust-cor- ered, uncombed, unkempt, and ragged—my rifle, which I carried for a month alung over my shoulder in a bondontiere, had worn my coat iz to holes,—I presented but a sorry spectacle smong the Russians, who ware all spruce in theit white coats and caps, and gold and silverba tous, 28 clean and starchy as thongh they et on parsde in Iasac's Square, St. Petersburg.” Gen. Kaufman called him a Molodyets (a trnt fellow); the Grand-Duke Nicholas grested bz Xindly; and sll munifes:ed great cariosity shodi his experience in tho Eyzil-Kun. **Theym there wore a hundred chances to one againstmt, and gave me such a lively account of the dangex I had escaped that I really began so be fright ened.” Tho tortures of solitary adventure wert now over for Mr. MacGsahan, and thersaftar hi2 life was the lifs of & Russian officer pursaiogss inferior foe in & strange and interesting coun'ry. The morping after Mr. MacGaban's arrival, the colnma crossed the Oxus, and, with trifing ioe pedimonta thrown in the way by the rsiresting enomy, slowly penstrated the rich sod fraitfal ossis to the capitalcity. This porsion of 1y country ia inhabited by the Usbegs, apd is unde » high state of cultivation. Over the rosd hung mulberry-trees, wilh theiz rich, Iuscious berries apple-trace, rith thelr mess a’r gt e ehedies daeions” fodics cherrion, DnEis: rich and red amoug the leavea. Tall young popisit Lifted their slender forma against the aky, aad sTsad of witar, shaded Witk bushes, ran aboutin er direction. To us, sccustomed to the red-kot gt tho desert, it scemiod a very Garden of Eden. . . . Tha houses and farmeyards of the DzbsgianiT- closad by heavy walle, from L5 to 20 feet high, stragt euod with buttressss ‘and strong corner-towers. entrance is through an arched aad coversd guemiJs closing with a yery heavy woodan gate, Baiitca i #3me rectungular 25 to 75 yardssquiss e} o farm-house is s little fortress iniisell, . . . walia ar0 composcd of mud, bat of akind tast g} comperatively hard. . , . Within the incteuro & far horsea, cattle, shssp, and contained the uisblos tho live slock, ns woll as the dwelling of ths lakib; ftanta. Nesrthe dwelling is always alittls M“ clean watar, 30 or 40 fuat square, ahadsd by thrs four larze eims. The elms of Khiva are very beantifal, I swmsty of 3 xize and besuty that would make the heart “Autocrst of the Breakfust Table * ieap (0 JoT, &30 wisich were probably many hundred years oid. Uds thess trees, during the summer, the famiy s’ moat of theic time. Here they prepurs asd est meals; bore they while away their hours of !Md = of which there areagood maay in the life Uzbeg; and here the women weave and ':1“3:-” golden threads of tha silkworm. The interior of 267 houses is dark snd gloomy, for they are cnly mm by xmall holes in the walls, window-gisss boisg &% known. But they are very ofien fisted up with 4 & tizy of carpets, bright-colored mats, rags, snd that render tham very evmfortabls. i The Uzbeg men are described by Mr. Gabao 25— Modinz-gized, lasn, muscoler fellows, black beards, and somsthung of s ainistar o countenance, ‘Their costume consisted of & -m.o—lg was onco white—cotton shirt and looss Lrouse:s 87, same material, over which was worn 8 Klab T Kind of long tupic, out straight, and reschisg 1250 e o1 g KT dirty brown and yellow, n 7 ke the basatifal Khalat of the BO2EATA% footod ; and they wore = czp, weighing fuly € or ‘;”’pne.. Axw-;~:j costuiue of the Khivans is, I tuink, the ““:hfl? 1006t jnconveniont I bavs ever seen. The kesvy! skipcap alone ix large ezough o destroy the NTTICL of » mast active brain ; and, npon seeng stzous bats, 1ne longer wondersd st t3e atats of their civilization. The kbalst, hideously ugly, is most inconvenlent; generally wadded with cotton, and very warsh, taken off, apparently,—not evem during ""u: o dayz, When tha waazers are pesf maz H ‘“‘l " On a previous occaxion, we have it lengih an sccomnt—taken from Mr. : mr:o—olmum-ormmmd-dfl‘;?; tion of the aity and the palaos of the KB T MLMunwuflurnnflml‘m intoresting pertiee ef bis aemtivs. FOU Kuiva fell into the hands of the Bowisas & % found to be dessrted by the Ebaz, who