Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 3, 1874, Page 3

THE CHICAGO DAILY THIBUNE: SATURDAY, OCTOBER 3, 1874, e e e s SWITZERLAND. It Rigi and Its Incline-Plane 2ait=ay, Tho .Lakes of the Four Cantons—-A Worlds Park, Tho Emorald Highlands of Europe--- Swiss Farming, The Stream of Travel to the Alps—Tlow tho Conntry Is Made Ploasaut to Tourists, Prosperity of Switzorland-.-Thirty Mifl. jon Dollars Yearly Left G by Visitors. The Fortile Valley of the Anre.--Grand- eur of Alpine Scenery, Swiss Mannfaotures---Fontures of the Governmont+-~The New Con« stitution, Bpecial Corveapondence of The Chicago Tridune. Mx Tuat, Lixes oF e Fous Oucronn,| Bopt. 18, 1874, The finest and most comprehensive pano- ramio viow of Switzerland is to bo had from the top of arr, mior, which hos the advantago of standing isolated in tho edpo of tho groat Bwiss plain, or Valley of {tho Aure. Having » fice situation, 1t commands an oxcoédingly extensive swoeplng landscapo. This mountain is ono mile high abovo the lakes which snrround aud tonch its baso, From the spot whero I sif, tho observer can seo in overy direction clear around the horizon for a circuit of moro than 400 miles! Within rango of viow aro the white tops of the high Alps which look down into Ttaly on the south, and over smong tho Tyrol peaks on thoe east. Away to tho northeast can bo discorned tho dim outlines of tho Black-Forest rango in Badon, Germany ; and in tho southwest, peoring over he bouds of interveniug snow-covered posks nnd domes, in Mt. Blano, the Monarch of uro- yean mountains, Tbe whole scopo of vision on ho weet or rench sido is bounded by tho long, Qark rengo of Jurn Mountaios, which tno oye «cun trace along o line of more than 100 miles of frontfor, between France and Bwitzorland. Within this rango of sight lics spread out bofore thio pectator, like a map, the great Swiss valley of the Aare River, whieh is. the yonth branch of tho Riino; tho other branch encircles Switzor- Tnod on the southern and enatorn sides. From e alevation of 3t. Rigi, tho Valley of tho Anre Jooks Jike s vast Tolling plain, spangled with Jakes and ailver ribbons of water-courses, while tho plain fisclf is thickly studded with farmhouses, villages, and cities, 88 tho heavens at night with stars, When one travels through this plain, it scoms hilly and frregulnr in most. paris, yob exquisitoly boauti- ful; euill light and distanco soften down the Iandecapo, and add enchantment to the view. For the casy convenienco of the multitudes of excursionists who visit the Rigi to view the glorious panorams an English-Swiss company of capitalists have constructed AN TNOLINE-PLANE RAILWAY from the lake-landing-place to tho summit of ho Liighest pinnzcto. It has a grado of 20 to 2% {oet rise per hundrod foct. and looks a3 steep a4 the roof of a hause. Tho length of the track 46 5 miles, and the ascent is made in sn hour,— thio faxe being $1.40 up, and half that smount down. A poworful locomotive, with au upright baller, pushos ehead of ane car, which bag seata for €3 porsons, A doublo rail, withsteel cogs, 1 1aid ou the middle of the track,—looking exactly diko s ludder standing against o houso. Up these steol steps of the iron ladder the locomo- tive climbs, by means of two cog-wheols fitting tho cogs of the centre rail, which are revolved by tho stoam pistons. Standing a littlo distanco psido, the machine benrs o striking rosemblance to a hod-ourrier going up aladder with a hod of brick. Last yeac tha dozon * ateam-man™ om- ployed carried 100,000 tourists to tho topof tho mountain, and the net profita of tho Cor exceeded 40 per cont. That amount was divided among tho stockholders, loaving uutouched a counsiderable rescrve fund. The whola capital is only $250,000. The great succezs of the under- taking hos caused tho organization of several other companics for tho construction of othar milar railroads up oven higzher and more difi- cult mountains in other patts of Switzerlund. A lnrgo pars of the neople who ascond tho mountain remaia over night to witueas tha WONDERTUL DRILLIANCY OF TIIF. SUNUISE, tho prismatic hues and colors reflected from tho mow-capped mountatns around hulf the horizon, and the gradual chauging ol tho dark shadows, which fil1'tho vallays und” cover tho lakey, into solden tight «e_tho Gad of Day mounts futo the iewvenw, I wituessed tho glowing, goigeous eceno, but fool utierly uupble to describe it or wdg Justico to ths wubjeet.” Fron: tny perch on the orest of the Rigi, I counted fourteou lukos,—sumo in tho distaiice, and others clustered around the buso af tha mounutau,—the chief being the one called TUIE * LAKE OF TIE FOUR CANTONS," ~which ia veelly half-a-dozon lukes linked to- rotlior most cutiously, resombling in shapo tho ‘utlur'l‘ atinched to the letter L, or perbaps ore like the flgures of u croxd and o carpontor’s tqnaro,—constituling six Julies joined togetber by navigelde straits, cueh bem from 7 to 10 miles long by oue-thicd sy much in width, As thoy lio ninong hills sud mountains, they cannot nll bo heen ut onco from auy polut’ of obserya~ tion; but any chanza of position gives tho spec- tator new and Lesutiful viows of thom, ns they soew to wind aud coil uround - the hoadlsnds and peake of the movutaing, - T'he next lnrgest lake in full view is Lake Zug, ou the north eide of the mountain. It cotnes 8o close up to tho wall of rock that iv seems o8 if ouo could castastono intoit. It extends out inta the plain o dozen milos, and itw ahares ave studded with towns and villages, and on overy protty spot is ercoted n chatoaun or Tatel. Away round ita fartlest ond, the trulns aof cara cau bo plainly seon coming from Zuvich 1o Lucerno, wlitleglimpzos of Luke Zurich itrolf, 40 milen off, ean bo secn over tho depressions of tho range of hills behind wbich 1t stretchon for 0 or 40 milcs. : Thoso lokes are navigated by numeraus steam- ers of the Americsu-riyor stylo, which my bo scen darting nbont fu avery direction, covered with naasengew, while scoros and hundreds of eail-bonts glido over thelr placid surfuco, liko so many sea-gulls, It wus arouud tha shoras ol thosa lakes the BWISS CONFEDERAOY WAS FIRHT FORMED, moro than six-nul-n-half couturies ago, by tha unfen of four littlo Cantous, exch of whout the size ot an anru{;u Illinoiy couuty, Other Can- tons were admited rrom timo to time, until the . whola nuranered twenty-two, which now consif- tite tha Swiss Fedoral Ropublic, Around the Four-Cantoun lakes was luid the rcane af William Tell's mythical exploits. A linla af rich hiatort- cul and logendery tales surrounds thoso lnkes and Gity thoso valloys,—tules tuld to childhoad, and implicitly helioved byalt good aud true Ewitzers, Within bistoric tnes the Bwiss buve evineod n special purtinlity wnd affectiou for the roglon of the ¢ Lukes of iha Four Cantons,” and Mt Liiel bus boen a sort of ML, Zion in their eyes. Homo oynteal writers huva aseribod tha paoullar aifection of the an- ciout Bwis thoretor, less Lo the romantlo boauty of the roglon, than 1o the abundance of excellent fiali found in tho lakes,—doolaring thot a fat galmon moro enchanted tholr jmagination than the loftiost mountuing und loveliost valloys, Howover this way be, it s corfainly true that thelr descondunts of tha pressnt timoe nndors biand $ho art of copvertng tho admirstion of atrangors for this enchunting roplon juto annunl shovers of gold. Atter s mouth of industrions sight-sestng, sapld tavollng, end mouutalp-aiimblug, througlh witsotiansd, folebing o with nfimn\ PANoTamic Ba ab 110 whole gouutry from Wo tep of gl ' mininture,” tho ganoral impresslon praduced on my mind i, that Bwitzorland is » groat European or rathor WORLD'Y PARK, This thousht forces itsolf on tho mind at-every atop, for avarvthing ouo beholds seema to fit into that iden, Yory many readora of Tum 'Ininynek hayo seon the beautiful Now York Qon- ‘tral Park, which is far ahead of any actiflelal park in Luvope In vafloly of murface, I ploturcsqus lovellness, nnd fn fwitations of mountalns, valloys, Inkes, water {alln, glens, CTRRA, and ehinrms, ‘Tho Naw York 'patle g, with s considorable regreo of neeuraoy, bo called “Switzortand n Thoro 1 cortafuly no othier park in the world whicl trutates s many of the fone tures of Switzarlsud, nod it is this vory thing | which constitutes the charm of that parl, an rendoes it 8o far auperior to all athors, . Now try and fmugine fivo or six thousand New York Contral Parkd ali in ona, with the moun- taing lifted up to altitudes to corranpoud with tho oulargemont; with the lokes and plains #proad out in proper proportivn; with rivors, nnd vallnys, and wacor-falls, to match; with an intinite. vmuzr of wurface, from suuny slopos nud quiot raral landseages to tho mont ~torrlflo chasiy, and provipicer of diezy beight, and vast, cmgg{ monutain-zumniits, — covered with oternal fe, down whowe rugged siten tunblo avalanchies of snow, and on whoso torn face hany rivers of frozen wator; and thon you got wome fides of how Switzarlaud actually ooks., It 18 park-like u all {ta parts, and in ita entiroty ; its oxtremos ombraco EYERYIHING IN NATURE, from the simple to thw sublime; from scclnded Thoy prafer looking throngh thelr apy-glascs at tho Eufl)inu wnd Gurmans mounting “tho wall of 10vka ltko wquitrals golng up o treo, to emulating thbr during and endurance, Thoy aro not {ho mon to light tho Germauns now that tho Initer are unltod, ns thoy posuess not tho muaclo, the stondinens of norve, nor cooliess of braln, to compoto with thom | dangerona sports nor in warlike atrusrgles, Thoy huvo no longer a Tona- parte, aud without, ono choy are of not miich ao- connt in war or politics, Calling tho Bwiss the parl-keepera of this Jauopean ploasura nud oxcurson ground, thoy axo ADMIRADLY ADAPTED TO THE DUSINESS, and have cortainly put.tho grottads in most beautiful ordor, ‘Ihey have constructod rail- ronds over evory part of the couniry whoro it soviny poamble*to build thom, and equipped them with tho Amorican style of enrs. Where railways ceunot ho operated, they have made excollont turnpikos, rogardods of ‘labor or cost, and mup- plied thom with comwodions and esrofully- managed diligouces, or public stages. Whoro Lliorsos canuot hiaul conchos, they have hiown out mulo-patlin; and, whore mulos cannot_go, thoy linve cut Bteps Ju the faco of the preciplces, Ins~ toned iron Inddors wnd railings ovor gorges and chusms, and provided trusty and sure-footed enr- 1018 to carry dolicate Indies on sodan-shairs up acchivitiea “which test tho atrongth ovon of ulrong men; aud they hoye trainod and licenncd guides to dircot the fost of fourists In enfoly norosa glactors filled with hiddon pitfulls, or show ihe adventirous athlotio podesiriny the way to seala nearly-porpendienlar walls of rock, to seo dells, and suuny vatloys; aud vine-clad nlopes, to rocky dosorts, sunless gorges, and boak desoln- tion, Colorudo posucases somo susters fenturos, not unlikie thoso found in Switzerland. It bos 100untams almost a8 high ond_ procipitous, and covered with porpesual snow ; bitt, for want of raib in summor and of milduens in wintor, ita valloys Ik the vordure and fortilily of thoso of Switzerland, The nu\\'rl‘y-dlbcnvored Leautiful Teggion amonge tho Blnck Iitiie, from tho dercrip- tions I have Just boes reading, must boar conaid- erablo 1esomiblance to somo of tha lesy ruped portions of Switzethand. 4ho Yosomito Valloy, in California, findn its counterpart i som xo- speots mmong theno mountamis; but, whils I have poen notbing in Switzeriand cithor like or cqual o thak marveloud valloy, thoro nro sights to bo bolield most wonderful’ and tromondons, and which find a prrailol in no’vther part of tho lobe. Thoro s ono prowliatity of the country which contributes mmch to lla Leauty: its moisture sltorsated with sunshine. Irelnod {8 eallod the “Tmnerald Ielo.” Bultzotlond wmay with equal truthfulness bo ealled the S ERELALD HIGHLAKDS OF EUkOPE.” Tho most mg(fed and precipitous mountaius ave covored with donsa forests almost to the very suow-lino, whorover thoro s n particlo of catth on thoe faco, or in the crovices of tho rocks, to support irce-life; and grass grows sud fowors bloom whorever thiovo is enough eoll Lo hido their roate, The Swiss futm- ors in sha deep monntan-~vallovs have, for tho Jaug fortnight, boen custing and gatliering theic thard cron of hay for this scagon. 1tlooks curious, #8 oue rides nlong up a valloy, fo see hun- drods of mon aud WOMER MOWING ¥rass on thosidos of mountuing steepor thau the roof of o honse, nnd toiling nwny up there haif a milo to a mile gbove your lterd. W hile some are cutting tho grase, others are ongaged in carrying hay on thelr heads, or hanling it on sleds, down to their littlo barns, Thoss tob 50 emplosed are dizgiig potatock on the sido of the mountain, parlus up to the cloud-line ; others aro carrying ma- nure, in_ baskols on thoir backs, far up towards tho rogion of rerpotual snow sud ico. Thou- sands of poor Swins ‘Toman thua toil ia this des- perato siruggle for lifo,—worhing Liko bensts of hurden ou mountain-sides whers evon mules cannot go, and gonts can harily find afoothold. After # bord climb, ono dry, to cortafn spot, 6,800 feot abovo tho ses, nlicre was to be had n splondid view of the towering Jungfrau, Monk Eiger, and other sharply-outlined horns and dotnes, on the (T posite side of the narrow clinsm-liko valloy, 1 found A VILLAGE CALLED MURREN, containing forty fumilics, actunlly located sev~ eral hundred Iceb abovo tho limib of the growth of tho pino, They wore oblired to descend .con- sidorable dintauca to get fuel. 'They submsted chicilyon eattlo and gosts, which found pastura on the sunny side of the mountaln, aud_ plekad up a little gold acting xs guides and earriors for tourisls, 1saw numorous patches ot potntoes up thore, growing luxuriaucly, wiitle wonion woro chpping grass with booked Jinives whero the mountain was so steop bt L felt dizzy in Jook- ivg over tho brow of the declivity down to whero thoy wero clingiog snd eulting. Over on the op- posito sido of tho chnsm, which scomod only n stol-shot oif, but was reully 3 fuiles,—the deptl of tho valloy belng considorubly thoro than & milo,—the gnow and ico bung in vast mnsses on the 'orage ond jucting rocks, fully 2,000 foet bolow the level o) tho Villnge of Murren, where 1stood. Every now and thon nerashing, rum- bling sonnd, hike that of digians thunder, would isnue from' the icy caverns und crugs of tho mighty Jungfran, accompuniod by & rush of o prodigions ngss of suow and ico far down tho sides of the mountain, Thesa avalanches in the spring timo, after & WAM T, 4re K0 im- ‘mouso in bufk, aud have 8o much pressure from bebnd, a8 sometimos to project themselves ino tho vallays belo, burging up whola villagos, and dustroy iy tho inhubitouts iu their puthway, Bwitzotland is used ns WIE POULIC PARK OF TUROLE. Tens of (honeands of tourists swarm over ft continunlly from the miadla of Moy fill the muddlo of Sepiembor caeh yenr. Duaring. thouo four months tho crowds of sight-scors and sex ers ufter butter health are so great that nearly tho wholo Swis populelion gecu to bo employed in ono way or anotliov in waiting on them,~—feed- ing, sholtoring, convoying, nnd guiding them. T'hie numbor of visitors this your Iy estimated to oxceed 250,000, and the monoy left bohind thewm in the conntry will amount to moro than 80~ 000,000 Experionco hus demonstrated that, no medi- cino or mincrd waters wro cqual i effica- of in removing such_nilmonws 4 dyspep- wa, lauguor, nod gonoral debility, and restoring gontod sloep und zood digention, strongeh Lo the liubs nud bloow to the cuvak, v u foot or mule- back tour up hill und down dute in tho pure, bracing alr of Switzerland, Whatover 1 go ameng theso mountamy sud valleys I inoot crowd of mon and womou on faot, elimuing up and down steop mule-pnths, huniing for ga- ciers, and bigh, difiicult outlooks, (Thoy are mostly Euglish and Germaos.) . Mixed smong thin strenming multitndo are poople of feablor strength from ngo or disenve, waking thair pit- grimagre on mulo-bick, 1t 18 potfeetly neton- ishipg to see tho number of Buglish ladies clambering over these lofty mountains, Mpen atocks” in band, keepimg #tep with their robust walo relations. Lhey thiuk nothing of o tramp of 15 or 20 miles 1 & day, Linlf up and the othor balf down n steun mountuin, on narrow, diioult mulo-puths. Whoneyer I neetn woman carriod on & wedan-chnir by four Switzors up a mountain, to seo a glacier, nn_avalaucho, or o casende, it i8 not nocessnry Lo look as hor prodig- fous mask of back buir to know that shq id not English, . TUT AMERICAN, Bomatimes Englivh women--those not in good bealth—~vido horses or mules on thesa hurd mountain-oxonrelons, but I uaver saw ono chr- riod on a chair mounted on mon's shouldors, ‘That oo of convaysnco is neculiarly Amorican, Thore i8 snothor difference: P'ho Inglishmon carry with them nbont one-quurter, und their women ono-tontl, a3 much * luggako " a8 tho Amorican men and women drag round with tiiem, The formor travol light, and conso- quontly swiftly and cconomieslly in comparison with Americann, Noxt to tho Jiritish, the Germans aro the moat numorons nud suguciony, us woll na the boldest Alpine climbers, Sinc their luto succosaful viar with tha French they seem to bo flush of fox gomo renson, and swarm over Hwitzorlind, note-book in hand, etudyingthe gealoy, hotuny, aud topography of tho country in’ their mathol cal and systomiatic way, They fool QUITE AT UME in Bwitzerland, a4 most of tho natives aro their conntrymon, sponking the samo lunguage, lLo- longing to the samo race, atudyluy, the pamo literatiire, sndholding similar viows I qolities, elenoo, uud rohgion, It will not ho maus years bofore the Germans will vimt Bwilzarined in oven grostor, crowds than do the Englisis, us sio taste for travol is becomlug a nntional prasion, and Bwitzerlaud ndjolus their own torritory, and oan bo visited with Mttlo losy of timo nud at small expenio, Noxt to the Germans, the Italiaus appear to bo the most numorous, although tho Russisng sty Longor, bociuto thoy havo favthor to domo, ‘o Ttaltann have quite caught the Loglish spirit of Algino olimbiug, aund havo organized Alp Olubs in all tho chisf citioa tho Jtamo Club numbers 500 mon, Howo of tha most ditilonlt nacanty mado last poason and this ono hayo heou by Itulians, But tho L'rouch are cousplcious by thelr absonco, A few of thom rido ou iho dili- gonoo from Genava ta tho Villago of Chamoutnix, Hbuited ab tho oot of b, Blanc, with a grand glaclor on ouch sida of it in fwll view, ‘Lhere thoy will it on the porab of thalr hotel, OPERASULAKA 1K JAND, gazing ot the wujostio hieuutles of tho monarch of Buropost matintaios, eud adniring ita fiv‘rnn- donr bocanso it huppenn to ko with the Hmits . and oxpoxing somo fatnous o Naturo in hor solitudes and storneat moods, -But thie is noe all. For the sustonanco and comfort of the tonrist, the Hiwiss have ovected aud furnished THOUSANDS OF HOTELS, placing them in evory concelyuble spot whore grand or plossing views muy bo liad, or whero they cau do most good. 'Thus ' tho trav- oler, aftor & dosporate und lm.li:ulng climb to #oma noarly inacceusible pass or sluvation, to sea gront glaciers or avalanchos, or high wountain domes’ and peuwks, will bo wimost surs to fud up thoto s comfortabla inn, well supplied with ment, drink, ond tobaceo, clean Dbeds, and n roading-foom In which = are tho lutent Bnglinh, Gormun, French, and Amortoan daily papers. When tho tousist is stoaming nruun:} any of tho charming Swiss Inkos, ho ean- not holp boing struck with the number of elo- ennt and emlmclouwlnuklng lotols built on hesutiful locations along tho shoro,~sometimes on a littls jurting bosdland, orin a sholtered cove, or on the sido of a lovely sloping lnwa, Tn overy inataiic thoy aro surrouirded by n littlo park, planted with ormamontal trees, adored With' flower-beds and shrubbery, sud usually having & fountnin aud statuars. One fools tempted to go ashore and spend the remmninder of tho sonson In rome of thoso delightrul-look- ing tourists' homesn; and THOUKANLE DO TIAT YERY THING, In othor cuser, tho hotels will bo pinced at the 100t of n mountain-cascada or ligh falls, or At tho end of a valloy brenking thronugh n monutain ~clad chaia be- yond. Whoraver toro {8 a good view of any at- traction or poputar vbject, whether of rock, cat- aract, chawy, glacier, cono, lake, valioy, pass, or whatover it iy be, the:e you ate protty waro to find a hotel, or'porlaps nevernl of them, seated in the midst of trooy, shrabe, and flowers, Asa rule,.they are well kopt, with good tables, und supplicd with carcful, polite, nud Lonest sor- vants, Swiss hoteld hnvo grestly multivliod with- in Iato yonrs, nud improved as weil. Lho oxton- gion of rnilieads, aud multiplication of steamers un tho lakes, hava rondored traveling so choap and speedy that thousands now visit Switzerland where hunidreds did twenty years Henco the neeessily for more nnd larger bo Switzerland is now in A PHOSPENOUS CONDITION, T'he poople are growing rich quite fast. The cidonces of incrousing wealth appenr on all eides, Look at any ety or larzo lown, and you will find the exterior porttons laid o' in wide stroots nad capacious squures, nad improved quite recently in modora stylo, whilo the intorior consists of nurrow, crooked strooty, closoly lined with queint, ancient, shabby houses, oceupied by tho poorand indigent ckwssos. Tho benutiful villus audd chisteaus which abound so plentitully appear mostly to bo now strucluros, and the Iuwns, packe,und gardong about them oxbibit modern rural taste,—ovidently imported from Englaud, which soomn to' bo_ authorily ou the Continent in rural architecturo and Inndseupe- gudeng, ki A quarter of & contury ago, Svitzerland was s pooreountry. 1t had few vesourced and littlo forcign conunerce. Tho farmers fiving in the fruitful Valloy of the Aare wero in comfortable cirgumstances ; bu thoy wero obliged to sell their produce clieap nnd buy thoir goods dear, _jusc 83 iarmors do mow in Bt an the Weutern Htates of Amorica, Laglishman iuvented tho locomotive aud rail- y-track, and an Awmerican tho stormbont fu¢ nver and inko nuvigation. ‘The Intsoduction of theso ¢ modorn nnprovements ® mado Switzor- Iand aceessible to tho sovkers of rocreation nud honlth, Thoso who camo 1eturnad Lomo full of enthusiasm over the wondors, Leauly, extent, and grandeur of Swiss sconery, and, rolating thetr adventuren and stories to thoir fiionds, aud in the columns of tho pross, and in books of travel, sud oxhibiting their improved Loath, sont Lons of thousands iv quest of thesamo pure air, pleasurable sarprises, and recuperation of exhnnsted oncrgies. Al these reattered hard 4 by the hendtal through the mouutniug and teys, aud along tho siioros of tho Swins lakos. A new vmployment wasquickly furnished for tho fruygl Goruan ond quick-witbed Celt of thowe Il and dales, who saw golden showers in their suow-clud peass, and munca of silver fu thoir frutrul vailoys, which they have suce been CATUHING AND EXTHAOSING TO HOME IURPOSE. “[lio srphis populition vere no longer obliged to wander abroad in voarch of work and wub- sistonco; thora was ubuudsuea of employimont fuund at bome, in guidivg, convoying, und ou- tovtaiusng tho lous of thotyauds—who have now swollen to_hundreds of thousands—of aununal visitops, Tha lubnbilants 0f the poorest sud movt innceessible valloys, overhung by stupen- doun wmouutaiug, and threatened with avalavches of snow, ics, and rocks, now find u roady markot &l high rices at their' doors for all the vege- tables, friut, Hesh, poultry, trout, milk, butter, and ogas, they can produce; whilo tleir sons cau earn, witl o mulo, or ay Qiuidun and carriors, two, thros, or four gold dollacs por duy, from 3lay to Octobor, in lelping foreign tourists up nnd down thoir mountams, and over their dan- gorouy passes and_crevavsed glaciers, 1t in no Touger neceanury for the lurdy, stolid, foatlons Hwiss fo oller his merconury rorvico as o hodg-enard to nvy Princo o fight for a causo of which ho kuows nothi and caros less. T'ho only foroign military e vieg in wijoh any Swiss ayo now found in Buropo i that of thy Vope, in Itome, who omploys o bottalion of them around tho Vatican,—not boing williug to intrust his sacred aud infallible person to tho keaping of hin suspocted loslian brathren, Iiis ustimated that tho tourists who visited Swilzorland last year left bohina them TIHINTY MILLIONS OF DOLLAIH, et tho amonnt this yenr js wtill grenter; and nexb year it w il!Jleuul)' ba graater thun this; wud onets succoeding your ls must inerense, for, gteat as the immber of peoplo who havo vieitad titzerland, it is o moro - drop” iu tho buekot compured with the millions who wish somo day tn mako the tour. o it romombored thab E fwsurrounded by civilized_nations, P 300,000,000 souls, Aud this, Lov, Vithout including ' tho tons of millious fu ‘Trans-Atlantic' countries, Tho goldeu phower will then coutivue to fall on s attractivo and onchanting land for agon to ‘come, porheps for all time, whilo mankind rotaing o love for the bowutilul, grand, nad wonderfub 1u Nutuve, and necds pure, wholo- #omo air, und vigorous, exhiluiating exeroiso, to recruit brokon health aud recuporalo wasted constitutions, Leoplo flovk to Parls for sonsn- siulgonce, nnd to revel in tho buttoufly- Tashioms of tho hour ; they visit Italy to study nnd onjoy tho groat worky of the uncient May- torw of Art; but thoy swarm ovor Hwitzorland to coutemplate thie works of Nature in bor lir:- jtless dlversity aud sublimest graudour, and to soturn howmo ‘botior, aud wisor, and boslthior wou, _ TUE LATITUDI OF AWITZENLAND imparts to its valleys nud lower slopes of its qonntowa tho elimate aml productions of Sonthorn Gormany, Contral Frauco, snd Northe orn Italy. Whilo its Lighor mountuius are cov~ ared with porpotual snow autd ice, its Vil fovs boar the wina-grapo, fig, eilk-mile borry treo, orange, and peachy and, in ‘mont of thowm, corn and tobae- co grow as luxurlautly s wheat and giass, or_sugar-beots and barley, Beforo fru- vorsng Bwitzorland, I hnd greitly undo it ngriculbural capebilitios, and tho proportion- ate oxtont of il niahlo and sorlilo Jund, Like many othors who had obtulned their information from books and nnobsorvant travelora' lottory, I bad supposed that Bwilzerlaod consistod mainly of imow-¢ovored mountaing and desert wastvs of granito rocks, inclosing a fow narrow valloys and duep glonw, from whilch tho povesty-strickon poraants, with goltve nocks, seratuhed a missrablo tubsistenco undor tho shadows of overhanging cliffs; and thut those not omployed ekod ont & reauty exivtonce by the munutacture of watohos and Jowelry, and darvings in wood, Judgo, tiien, of my surprise whon, aftor enter- of Franee (Alout Blano s wintuly iutha Province of Hayoy, which wes eriblod from tho Italinng in 1659) § but ono vkn Liear ol but fowr Fiench- anon wio ever undestaka (Le lubor of its wscouty Wd thioy HEO BVAVHO 6O QI waah HOVOVE OSUFAbiR. lug Switzorlond at Laslo, & fow wooks ago, T passod through a country for ton hours' ride of tho train to Ueneva, litorally flowing with QOUN AND WINE, MILK AND MONKY, It wou & ilok aa well ay Dosutitul farmiag sountry, lighly oultivatad, vory produative, fino- T eyt ang. thiokly ‘Inhabliad. " ue. trnin otoskod soores of osutiful, rapld-flowlng ntremns, na it ran n!on“ up the Valloy of the Iilvor Aurs for 130 milos, and passad by or through a multitude of villages and townm. Tho country, as a wholo, was neither lovol nor moun- tainons, but prosontad every imaginablo yarioty of surface, from broad, lavel valloys Lo ranges of hlils aud low mouutaina. Tho landseapo was coutinually chnnging but was aways charming. Away off to tho wostward as far as ono could aso, waa the long range of Jurn Alountalns, whoso sides nnd tops were donsely covored with pino-forests, oxcopy & fow of the highost ponks, ou which tho snow glistoned under tho, rays of tho sun. On tho other sido, to tho enst and soutlioast, tho suow-penks of the high Alps; 60 to 00 miles distant, conld bo sect looiing ovor tho Interveuing lower moun- toln-ranges. Towards tha mididlo of the afior- noon, the train left the Volloy of the Aare, and, plunging through a long tunnel undora high i1l which crossod its track, suddenly emerged on tho othor side theroof, upon Lrko Gonova, at tho hiolght of 1,800 foct above ita murface. It Tollowod nlong ths side itl of the Inko, Mokt o tha way through vineyards, for 80 milos, down to the City of Goneva, Whicli lles in_the Valloy of thio Rhone, on both sides of tho river, whero it flown out of the lake away down through France into tho Moditerranenu, TILS BEAUTIFUL AND FERTILE PONTION of 8witzorland commoncon at Lake Conatance, at tho northerst ond or anglo of the country, And extends mouthwest to tho Lako of Geneva, n distauce of neatl; 200 miles, with A varying widih of G0 miles nt the proadest to 25 at tho narrowest, - and ombraces mors than one-third the entiro area of the litlle Nopublic, which contsing 15,400 square miles, sud supporls a population justabont the 8amo 88 that of lllinois, If all of Switzorland woro as fine And Tartile astho portion dralned by tho Anre, it would nevor b thought of ne moun- talnous or sterile, but only a4 exceodingly beau~ tirul and produstive, It would bo visited by multitudos for tho ako of its srlubrious aif, puro wacor, chorming Jokes, and lovely lands seapen, ‘o govors! altitude above tiio Aon of the Aare Valloy anc the Iakos of Switzerland is 1,300 to 1,600 feot, which neceasarily twparts a Dreezy, temporate, hoalthful climato. But it is tho othor ball of Switzerland, lying to tha southonst of tho part above described, \vfilch lias given Bwitzerland LTS WORLD-WIDK RECUTATION 85 & country of and - sustere mounteing, whore “Alps ovor Alps ariso;" whore frozon rivors, called glacior, aboun ‘whore arilanches of snow bury villagos and inhoabitauts: where tho rays of the sun never ponetrato to the boltom of the chasms and gorges; whore naked rovks and fields of snow reign #uprome fu an eternily of dosolation ; whero the foot of man or beast bas never trod; whore cnscades ara 8o lofty thuL tley soom to fall from the clouds; whers ‘only narrow mutle- patha cau penctrate its valloys; and nhore tho inisorable inhabitanty, until adventurous touvists avo them employmout 8 guiden, oked out o finlf—utnrvnd exislonco, In this part of Sitzer- land fow travelois have ever boen ablo to exaggerata the strango sights they have seon, Nature hore bnas put on hoe wildest™ aspects, snd prosouts to mnn tho mout sublime s well na terrific manifostations of her power, s if to mock his puny efforte, crush his prido and ogatinm, and mako him tecl bis littlenens and iusignificance, One view will fill the truvelor with wonder and adwiration ; anothor with fear and trambling ; anothor with awo and roverence. Tt i3 not upon tho puranit of agriculiure alouo, supplemenied by the mwoney of tourisiy, on which the Swins depend for a living. , Fully oue~ third of the entire population nie engagedin + AANUFAOLURES AND NEGHANIS OF ALL KIND Tyus of thousindn nre omployed in making waiches in Gooava, Borne, Neufcbutel, sud oleo~ wlhiere; othier thoussuds in the fubrication of fewolry for the Daris and ather markets, ‘Iho Uity of Zurioh, which coutaina (0,000 jubnlt- anty, iy the headquarlers of tha oxtonaive Swiss allk maunfactures, and it possesses thd groat Polytachnic Inntitute, one of tho most colebratod in Eurape, aud whoea luloratoriea praduca will- iops of doliars’ worth of choemicala for sulo in all markots, It is owned nad opotuted by the Goverument. Iuterluken is the coutra of the wood-carving fudustey, whica gives employmant to 5,000 families, It s surprising to what per- faction these Bwies villngers have carried the act of sculpturo In wood, Thero ia ecarcely an article, unimnl, or bird figure, or group of statuary, 10 marble, terr: tta, or brol thoy reproduce in wood,—linden‘wood beivg the favorice material, on azeount of its fine grain and noftuess, Al this great branch of industry fiaa been built up, and the arb itselt broughs to perfection, within the laat forty years. The Goyernmont now wainteins & sekool of design for teaching boys aud girls i modeiing avd car ing, Whe eale and export of wood-earvings reals izo more than &4,000,000 per anum, Sehafthausen, 4 the Falls of the Rhino, is the chicf seat of tho iton-foundries and locomotive and ear-building (u Switzotland, and alaa for the pianufacture of cannon aud firc-arms, The water of the falls farnishes the motive-power, whero mny be aeon turbine-wheels of 700 to 1,000 liorse-power mot iu motion by tho pressure of tho entnract, which, if one 1ind never reon Nirg- ara Falls, would be considared somathiug great filxd remarkuble, ag woll as boautiful aud sub- imo. Evory Swiss city and large town has 178 SPEOIAL INDUSTRY, Somo excel in one branch of wannfactures, and sowa in another ; but, takeu in thew entiroty, they agrrogate a vory respectable production for a0 smail nnation. “Whilo tho Svwiss raie move than enough meat, buttor, and cheoss for their own ‘constimption, thoy aro obliged to impork sbout 1,500,000 Lnrrals of four per annum frow France and Germeny. Nox do they grow neatly anough wool to clothe themselves; but, from the proveeds of thoir sales of silk and cotton fsbrics, of embroidery, watches, jowolry, chomi- cals, and woud-carvings, they ara abundantly en- ablod to supply al their wants in theshape of im- portod goods ami food. The Swisy ‘are cortainly tho most industrious poople in tha world, as well 88 the most frugsl. ~ Brershody works,—maun, women, and chitdren. Thero ia no leianre, idle, or ioafer class, and fow drones, in this busy hive, Switzorland i A MOST UNIQUE COUNTRY In evory respect. Surrounded by monsrchies, it i 2 puro Ropubiic. While overy other Buropean nation hias av Emporor or & King for a ruley, or is waging civil warto rostore a deposed Rtoy- niby, Switzerland hay wo Prince or potentate, not aven o Prosident, Tor Lixeentive authorily . consints of a Council of Stuto, appointed by thin Logislature for a himited period of timo, and with tho powoer of removal. Oue of thiu Conn- cil Bomd is. appointed Chairman of tho Board for onw year, with tho title of Frosidont. Bub Do liau 10 patronage, no power of romoval or Pm‘dun,—-nnuxing except tho privilogo of prosd- ing ab tho rittings of the Council of Siate and countersigning its resolutlons aad orders, Itis tho sawe ks if tho Amorican Congross eleoted the Cubinct ofiicers, anid nlso the Lresiding Of- ficer ot tho Hoard, aud, st tho same time, nbol- ished tho office of Lrowidont or Clicf Magistrato, and _sheorbed tho powers of the oflics in- to thoto of tho Logislativo Bady, low this uystem of leglslative aggrandizemont would op- einkto if adopted i tho Aerican Republic, is not hurd to predict; novortholosy, it works well in this small country, of slmple-mitdod aud honest nountnincers, wharo ‘*‘rings,” lobbies, and Cradit-Mobilior scliomen are unknown, Tho Swiss Qovernment is unique in anothor respect: Its legislutivo proccedinga are oons ducted and recorded 1% THREE LANGUAGES,— German, Fronot, aud Italian,—correaponding to tho threa racos which compose the popilation of the ltepublio; but tho Germans constituto the groat majority of the inhabitants, In the von- suw retmrns of 1870, it was necortuined thiat 884,561 fanulies l(‘roko Gorman_ay the mothor- Inngange, 194,188 Fronch, and 90,203 Itulinu; Dut’nll iho oducated persons can spenk French. When o Trenchman makes a specch in the Bwiss Congross, wll the Gormans and Itefjans ean_noderstand himn parfootly, but thoy gen- v roply In their own _ lengungos, Wi..., " Fronch mombers not mn!oramudhxi:. the ofiiv.u! ! rterprotor states the substauce of in Froneh, ~All bills, reports, and resolutlons ave ‘ntlen in the three tonguow, nd, the journnls aro kopt I the samo way, snd tho iswgand prod- lamations ave printed in tho threo langunges. Not only in race and Inngungu aro the poopla divided into throo divisions, but 1IN RELIGIONS ALHO: | Firat, Colvinium ; second, Cuthollolom; third, Rationullsm, ‘Iie cducated clnsses generally bolong to the Juttor. But tha consud raturny omit_them, owumorating 1,660,847 aa Protost- ants 1,681,560 as Romauists, wud 17,600 au Jows ; tofal, 2,060,147, The Fronoh and Ituliang aro noarly all put down as Catholics, whilo the groat ways of the Gormaus are Protostants, and’ aro tho ruling olewmeut of tho Nepublio ; thoy ocoupy wiost of the good Jand, aud possoxs tho groater portion ot tfin weulth of tho country, owning mont of the mauufactorien and tho railraads, and the groator part of tho banl-stodk and athor profitablo jutovents, ° "'here arono (itlos of nobility recognized hy Iaw in Switzorland, Primogonitute, entaily, spoctal privilogos, uud titlos of mobllity, woro all ovorthrown wnd swept away by the rovolution of 1847, and_abolished by law In the Constim- tion of' 1848, Josuitism way expelled from tho Ropublio ut tho esmo time, and A FREE-B0LUOOL BYSTEM Introduced to 41l tho veouum, Dut, as the ouforounont of the school law was leb 40 tho antlon of tho authorities of oach Oanton, it haa ronulted that, in tho Ultramontane Cantans, the prients havo nnllifiod the Constitutions! provi~ slon, and popular ignorance 14 alnost as denso on it was R Tmr:ur of n confury g7o, before tho ndoption of tho Constitution of 1813, Theauly thing taught by tho cloricals Is dogmatio cnto- chism, to which latoly has been nddoed Papal in~ fallibility. Dnt, in thoe other Uantone, whioh aro Protostant or * mixod," lmmllnr oduention sy made groas ypropross, Thn Prussian systom of Instruction “1s fully adopted and applled, aud tho whole mass of the pooplo iu those Cautons Dbave become quite woll eduratod, and nows- papors, books, and olrculuting libraries abound, a3in Gormavy. It was this hostility of the prieste to popular mecular odueation which chlofly eausod tho rocont amendment to tho Swias Constitution, Under tha now provisions it Is made tho duty of the General Assembly to onforco socular cducation in all the schools of Bwitzorland, 'I'ue priosts made o desporate ef- fort to dofeat tho new @onstitution when 1t was wbmittod to popular vole for ratifieation, last April; but it wan carrlod hE a two-thirds mnjor- ity, having racoivea 310,000 votes out of 500,000 that woro cast, The new Uonstitution largely subtracts from Onutonsl or Biato authority, aud corrogponding~ ly inoroases that of tho ‘Contral Gavemlnuh’i, ‘'he former government was a Conladerncy of “ Boveroign States.* It has now bocomo A FEDERAT, GOVERNMINT of soverolgn powers over all such subjeots as peaco and war; nrmy; natlonnl defonso; pntont Jawa ; coinnga ; posial and telographio communieation; publicinstrotion ; regulation of rallway-frolghts, furas, and Lime-Lablas; Imponts and exelson : right of Way for nosr railways; and soveral othor subjeels of ponoral concarn, Tho now Coustitutlon of Bwitzorland, doliberately adoptod aftor full disoussion and reflection, and tho experienco of the old ono of twenty-fiva seara, orostos n Natiounl or Contral Goverumont, with Jarggor relative powers than tloso conferrad on tho Goverimont of tha United Statew by the Amorlean Copstitution, which instru- mont tho Swiss have profoundly studied and _ made thoir model, but 1m- Prnml upon it, as they tlink, iu soveral wportant respects. Tho Swies beliove that they possess the best form of Govoriment over do- vined, and that they have the purest and most faithful as woll as economical Aclmintstration in the world. Thoy regard thamaol7as a8 tho TAPIEST AND MOST CONTENTED TOEPLE with their country.and lot upon tho enrth. Crimo in of raro acourrence ; drunkannesy is slmost an- Inown, beennno thoy avo satinfiod with the mild bovarages, and ewchow the flory stulf which crazen tho brain, 'Lheir taxea are light; their tarf is merely nomiual, froo trado lining tho ca- tablinhed policy of the Republie, They have no Natfonal znd very small Cantonal debts; whilo overy man is a sharpshootor, tho standing army conslats_of only n fow battalions. 'Thoy have neither King, Prines, not Lord, nor desira forany, They avoid all ontangling alliances, commit 1o agizronsions on thelr ueighbors, stand firmly for their rights and libortied, snd main- tain the most friendly relations with all nations. Ty thlr good oxample and cogont rguments in ohalf of law aud peace, they oxerciss an in- fluenes on kusrounding nations far in oxcoss of thoir physical powor, and in this respcot resom- blo & Quater among quarrslsoms noighbors. They feel that thelr country is tho recroation- gronnd for all the world, and they desire it should 80 romnin ; and that overything should bo dono to make the visitof straugors to it ploasnurablo and satisfactary ; and thoy inyo cor- taluly nuccoodad to » romarkable dlegroe in con- vorting it into an ouchantivg plensuro-park for tho whole world. THE FARM AND GARDEN, Pilanting ot Trees in Antamn—Tho Equinoctinl Storin o Failure—Tho Middiemon — Enrimers? Cosoporatve Associntions—Tac Shonnudoah Vals Iny for tho Bmizrant-Sottiing & Now IXeme—Khe Cropy—Bailng ERny. From Our Aaricultural Correspondent. Cuavtraay, IUL, Oct, 1, 1674, EETTING TREES IN AUTUMN. b Towa, Sept, 16, 1874, Mr. “Tonan "—Stn: How will ' do (o setappie= trees, In Central Tows, in the fall of the year? E Manous 1, That will dopend on at least two thinga: the condition of tho soil, and the condition of the trees. In tho first place, to succoed with nu- tumn-solting the koil must be molst, To take o troe from the nursery and plant it in dry ground, {8 but to {nsure ity death. The soil muat boin o nioist condition, and this is not always tho caso, In 1861 I sot an orchard of 400 trees, just as the ground was freozing, in Decombor, and, the laet dag of thoe setting, it was dificult to bresk the crust, but tho air during the dny was above the freczing-point. The trees wero banked up about 2 feot high against the stems with well-pulverized oarth. Tho reault was, that no tree was lost, and the growth waa vigorous the following geason, In Juno the monnds about the frecs wore leveled down, and asmall quantity of manuro added to serve asa mulch, 'The treos woro of all sizes, from the 2- your-oll of half-nn-inch in dinmeter 1o thoss of 3 inchos talken from an old nursery. Nono of {hem wers ent back, only to form the hends, and no'thinnivg out of the heads has boon pormitted ginco, Inutho next place, trees 2 or 8 years old, that have been grown thickly in the rows and beou etimuwlated with manure and high culture, are too tender to stand the {irat wintor's oxposura in the open ground, and will be liablo to bs killed down to the line of the enrth-bnnking. 1o planting apple-troes, if T can got thew noar at hand I would satact 4-to-G-yonr~ old traos.—those 114 to 9 inches in dinmator.— rathier than smatlor treos. Iam awaro that this it nbt orthodox with the profossion that prefer to goll Emal treos ; but, in practics, ihe oldor trecs bave tho advantage. They uro less tendor, and again they aro rogpected by cattlo and tho rabbits; at loast, the own- er compels the' stock 'to respect them, while the liitlo whip-lika troes aro left to thowselven, In shipping long distances, thore i no choica but o take tho small trecs; but, now that nurseries sre noar at hand in all of onr fruit-growing dintricts, thero 18 1o nocosalty to plant the small treos; at loast, they should not bo planled in autumn, ‘Wo commit an orror in planting late in spring, ad the _early-pluntod trecs do the beat, The ground settles nbout thom firmly, and ihe roots tako an enrly start. At lepst over half of onr spring-seiling 14 done too Iate, and s _lnrge part of this gotting islost by the dry periods thrt follow, aud only ia & Tainy season aro thoy swvod. Grest care In sottlng and wulching may mitigate the disaster, put cannot fully componsnto for tho Iato sotting. As we go Soutb, the autumn and mitder winter weathor wro favorable for fall-etting, and it is muoh Detter than the apring. ‘Ask Farmor I if wao_should set applo-traes in tho fall, and ho will givo you .deoided anawer, and thint noswor is busod, perhaps, on a sinle experiment, This kind of advico mnst he takon with some nllowanco : at least, w should know Bomae of the vonditions that made the oxpori- ment o failtro or a success, In toaching the farmar, wo must avoid arbitrary rulos, and rathor give tho rationale of the process. The cultugo of the aoil, and all the operations of tho horticulturist, shonll ba based on tho #clonce of rural oconomy, rather than tho hap-hazard whima of -digoatod rules, that may or may not bo -correct, The farmor who dopends on sob of 1ules is gonor- ally a ‘lnnr tarmor, aud will tell yon that luck is averything; while tho msn who rofleats, and has a rogatd for cause and offeot, doponds on good management, and don't bolieve in luck. THE EQUINOOTIOAL STOWM lins agaln plaved us fulso, though wo had a dash of rain on the 20th; and yot the old adage holds good, that **nll signa of rain fail in a dry time," A very sage roflection; but just now, whon wo should have the somi-anuual storm, It would ap- ear that Jupiter Dlavius has forgotten us one irely and let it go by defantt, Waneed tho rain to Ml our wolls, and ulso to pub a finlehing toneh to the Poachblow notutoen, that aro just in full bloom, sud need wmwisturo in ~or- dor Sto mako respoctable-sized tubors; and then thore in now and thon & amall-slzed *pateh of turnips that tho ohinch=bugs and tho grass- Toppers have loft Lil-bits of, hore and thoro, that wonld be all tho better for the waited-foy aquinoctinl stormy, that wo all bolove iny—n dootrine that liss vomoe down unimpaired for countloey ages, and will no doubt pass ourront forull time, it is &g trio to-day ns it was s Uiou- sund years ago, or will be a thousand yoars lianoo, and yet, in this {ime of drought, it has plaved us falxo. Yon don't huve faith in the eqauinootin) slorm 7 ?lxcriml a uoighbor on Raturday, whou lha Aliputinn showers oamn out_of tho woat, ona aitar tho ather, and wot the dust in the road, “Wall, you will soe somaching more than this ofore ornlug, as wa are bound to luvo tho siormi. You will son the wolls 81 up after this," But e wind is 1n the sonthwaest, whila yastor— dny and tho day bofore It was in the southuensb, and wo had two or_throe smart stowors. Now the showors are light, and to-zaorrow will no doubt bo fine weathor, and the xain-glouds will have disappeared. aV ast have sn oast wind for o raln-btorin, aud the wbiting 10 LU0 woal iy A tostimony to us that the atorm has Enuad. Wo have a fow light, mist-like showors, but no Loavy rainfall will follow, and you may give np tho equinoctial atori—for thin_year, for it has proved s docided drizzlo, and, to my mind, is sumply & supersitious myth,—ail wall' enongh, perhiapa, when firat inveittod, but of no pragtical value fu'our niodorn woathor-mnking. TIE JUDDLENEN Wansaw, 1it, Sopt, 23, 1674, Bn, “ Rowas A8 s Yo tall 15 ti the. rafl roadn giva tho middlomon tha ndvantago, by allowivg of ovorloading nnd by drawlvickw, In not that con- irary {0 faw ;'And ought 1ok the Railroad Companles Lo prosccute for muci doingat T ses 8 * Granger ” yoincs you of (nking Uie sile of tho mildlewmon, bt you_fua R e v 1 gavo a cane in polnt of allowlng ovorlonding, and utated Inatances of drawback, aa moro mat tors of fact, ahowlng that, in many cases, grain- doalora contld and did pay mora for grain than it would command if shippod direct and all of tho regular cliargos weve paid, Idid not say that auch things wora right, but that thoy oxisted. Thore are times when it is botlor to ship to such markota as Chicago, St. Louls, Cinciue natl, and ethers, than to sell to tho denlor; but it is hazardous to do the same to tho New York market, and I will venturo to sny that no Graugor has ventured it the secoud tims, ddlomen bavo boen rocognizod alncs Moscs soi tho tribs of Lovi apart na middlomon hatwoan thocroature aud tho Urantor, and sinco thon thoy Iinve oxtended to overy dopartment of business, That these men commit groat frauds, lins boon proveu timo aud again, and yot wa caunot da without thom, The Board of Trade of Chicago xozlmx‘?ofiun "I‘:lmbw the pu?i“]! of the North. 08, an would bo s sorry day for the far: 0 n6 thio Inatibution clound.. e In the fitst placo, tho middiemon wero loudly ~donounced by tho Granger leads ors - becsuso thoy wore denlers or traMlckors in the proditot of othor peoplo's Jabor; and yet those men sork hard, aud roally add to tho value of the goode that pasy through thuir handa, The farmer who has o load of potatoss, of apples, or of turnips, may manago to sl them uear home, or maybe a barrol of cider or of vinegar ; but not #o of the farmer or orchard- ist who haga large supply. He may sbip n car- losd of corn to Chicago, and follow on the noxt train, and sell it, for thero is no law to proveut itin dolng wo; but ho will flud that to bo & losing oporation, for lie can hire ths work botter done than he can ponsibly do it, and ab, one-fourth of the coat, ‘Il nttempt to chango this trado by putting it futo tho handa of State, County, ol Grange Agents, must only ena in disappointnent, au thiese now mon biave little %] timos less intogrity, slore tunn A ago this enmo piau was atartod in Chicago of FARMERS' CO-ORERATIVE ASSISIATIONK for the sala of farm-prodicts; but ovory in- stanco of the kiud suded io a failuro, and fra. quently o awindle. "I'horo is uv reason why farmers mar not ship direct to commirsion-housey tn Chleago or other markots nenr thom. T'his fact wilt tond to cheok tho inordinato profits of the doalors, ay thess_mon nro, like a1l othor paople, disposad to make all that thoy can, Thoy tuke a quartor of dollar on a bushel of wheat for tho Linudimng ascomplacantly as » farmor takes a dollar for & bushel of potatoes that ho can well afford o zell ut 50 conts. As rogards the railroad com~ anies, tho Logisiaturo may us woll send, thom homo, for all the benaflt they aro to the farmor, T'he farmor must ivform himself of the marlkots, if bia would avoid belug tha victun of sharpors. o can very readily vo3 whon it is to his advan- tago to noll at tho howe or distant market, 28 he can avail himsel? of tho samo geuneral informa- tion ns the doalor, t the wame time, ho will find that tho dealer, by his large whipments, will obiain rates and mako a good profit outside of the rogular profits of the trade, that docs the farmer no harm, aud often iuduces the doaler to pay & batter price for the praduce. I do not seo that the merciants of our villoges are moro wealthy than om farmors, Morchants with $10,000 to $20,000 a16 nov over-nbundant ; but wa can find plenty of farmors who have more thau that sum invested in land and stock. ‘There urs two things for the farmer to do in order to keop cloar of the mouopolists : One is to Jreep out of dobt, aud the other to sell Lis products at the proper time, consulting the mar- ket and his own convenionce, EEKING NEW HOMES, HusoLoT, Kan., Sopt, 15, 1874, MR, #Ronar"—Sin: I hevo been muich futorestod in yoir_acticlo fn itk Cutuaoo TRIVUNE of Sept, 12, 44 Seeking & New Home.” Theartlly indorse whnt you finvo wadd wpon tho sbject., T vamo huro this apring from Tllinois, and I liave been dissatisfled with tho counlry ever Alieo my ureival. I put fu A erop on ventoa fand, which the chiuch-bugs, drought, and gra s hoppers have prety well used up, 1 broke oo prairle, and_ infended to have lad it in wheat by the izt dyys of this month, but the grasshopyers -fnfest the country and prevent my gotting tn tho whea ¥ after living hioro several monihs, 1 have mada up my mind that (his Ja not tho country for mu fo make a Dornianent homs in, You rofer to the Shensndosh Valley in Virginia, ond it Iy abont this nestion of the country I wish to'getauch |, information a3 you may be ahle ta give me: First—\Vhat ‘i tho irice of moderately-improved taids withiu from 3 1o 8 rakle of raliroad 7 Second—=Tn tho clmate milder fn winter thn fn Central Tilinols? “Fiird—Ys b5 good frult conntry. Faurth—Doea timothy, clover, und blue graes do woll there? Ffth~Ta there plenty of good wter and timbor? Steth—Aro minjurauts from the North recolved with favor, and i4 such Imilgration cscournged by ihe people fhere, or aro they oppoed to" Norlborn peoplo eetiliog among them ; and do they ostracise thom a3 in some portions of the ont Secenth—Tn thore much emigration from the North or ulsowhora {o that valloy 7 Eighth—Aro peraon and property as eafe and as well proteeted thero e lu Ilinoln? Nanthi—What {s the condition of socioty in regurd to churalies, nchools, ete, Jengli—What iy the distance to good marketa ? Fleventh~What {6 the chieapest ond hest route from here for o family to movo thero with team ? Feelfth—ITuvo you been in that conutry nud seen it yourself, or o you qot your informatfon from other ources, and, If from other sourcey, what? Which, in your apinfon, would bo Lest fora man to do: go ta Eastern Illiuois or tha Shonandoah Valley, who could fegin (n ofther place with a good team, hinrness, and wagon, and ould commund from 300 to $300 casl 7 1f you will have tho kindness to answer my ine quirios, und givo me ny other_information you may clinose upon thik mibjoct, you will greally oblige me, Toping 10 car from you st your very sarlicat can- Fonience, : .8, 8, Ihave soveral lotters of the same general tenor, but this containa the mam points, and may sorvo for the rost, That dronght aund othor causes ate now_turning back the tido of tmmi- gration to the West is quite apparont. Tbo feol- | ing of unrest in having a choel, but T appro- nond that it wili bo but tomporary, The excite- ment of pioneer life is too groatto bo rosisted, and yet thero ars quict places for quiet poonla near home, that wowld snit them better, had their attention boon called to thom. During the War, TILE SHESASDOAN VALLEY was the granary of the Rebeilion, and the strng- la torstuin it was of no mosn ordor. After te War, but litcle was Joft but its broad. sich neres, as Tonces, buildings, and orchnrds had dig- appoarad. ‘The lerge farms, of 1,000 to 5,000 acres, had to Ve divided ard sold! s it was tob possible to procure capital und 1abor to restoro them to thetr onginal condition. A vour ngo, whon I visited the Valloy, thoro was u disposition to selt theso lnnds for $25 to 850 por aere, deponding on proximity to the stn- tions and ocher .conslderations, "By consulting a map, it 5l bo scen fhnt it I8 not distant from fhe groat markots, and it was a surprise to me that s rush bad not heen mnde to ocoupy to valuable a tract of country, for no richer jands aro lo bo found for tho coreals, frult, nud rRes, (1) 326 to B60 per ncro, (2) Tho olimate is-more oqual, and not sub- jcfit{ to suddon cuanges, and, on tho whole, mildor, () Apples, poars, ponches, grapes, apricols, ana nectarines, do well. (4) Clovor aud timothy do woll, and bino grass in Ty parts of the Valley, especially neer the mouBtang, (5) Water is nbundant, aud timber on the mountains, with here sud thore tracta of woad- Taud, and overy farm hus its timbor, (09 T should” Judgo thnt thoro would be no dit- floulty, as Lk villages ure filling up with North- ern pooplo, who do mont of tho trading, and in somo p‘chn Iarpo aoitioments avs_making of pooplo_from Pouusvlvania, New Jersoy, and other States, Brrangers wnkitng new homes will ahvays consnlt theie interost by minding their own {)uullmsu, and not bo too confiding until they hiave proved their now noighbors, Carpet-bag- gora nro not ovor and above popunlar among tho white pooplo of any pat of the South, bur good, quict ;\vop]e who mind thelr own husiness, will seldom bo diaturbod. Tho colored people of tha Valloy wore mwopt ot of it dwming the War, and but fow have yoturned,—Washington boing {hoir Moven; con- goquently, lubor Iy in grent domand fu thoe Val- 1oy to tnko caro of the nbmndant cropa. I know of no mild elismato whera the harvest and haying oxtend through #o long u poriad without damage to tho eropy, 'This must be duoe to tho cooling fofluenco of the mountnins that wall in the Val- lay, which i4 20 to 80 milea wido, xud_throngh thio contro of which rans_tbe gront Natioual Road loading from lnrpor's Porry, * ) Yes, 8) 1 shoudd thiuk Inlly e safe. 0) Tho villuges are woll supplied with churehios, but, tho common sohiool Is but just now Dogluning to attact attention. Produce 10) About the ssmo ae in Iilinols, in ‘p\lr)nlfi«ud n]u\ the stations, and has » divool outlst to Baltimors, Philadelphia, and New York, {12) Maiuly from » poraonal visit and pora o iu:lrgat(m:i: % > " 2, o not think & man with from $500 to wauld do ao well thore as where he could r:fiatng Amall farm or purchass chaaper Iaud. Thare Iands are only wold for caah in hund, and the Aum named would not go far toward purctiasing the lend and putting up’ tha impravements, and :{t{.c':ull‘\u‘r?. it ‘r‘t‘l‘m tl;c best plnce for the poor 08 fow of thaso largn dition for rcnunf. S INEY A e In Yaxtorn Tilinois. the domand for renting farms in boyond Lito wupply, aud, Liefora leaviug Kanann, it would bo woll to scs if something might not ba'hind to Lielp tide over the prosent; for drought and grasshonpoers are not almays, evon In thal country, lll’t‘?lhu country abous Humboldt s wsuy sttractions, sud the Mis- nourl, Kansna & Toxas Raliroad ymases through © # most inviting rogion. Poople are liable to ax-~ veut too much of a now location; thay are apt o overostimate it advautagan, and thia leads Eu dinappoiutment. Thoy should boar in mind that tha ono host place iu ditficult to fnd, aa all hava mora or less of funlt. Lhe other day a farmer, most comfortably situnted, said ho was going to gall out, Ilo would kave o farm with s running stroam of waler; he was tired of wolla l‘l‘nd this ‘Imnmhm of waler for ntock. Woll,” gaid another, * I had tue same idas, but am now going to have a well bored down throngh tho biue ciay, snd shisll put up a windmili, and lot the wind da’ the pumpiug. Strenms of wator are sometimes troublesone a8 woll as con- veuleat for stock, sud, on tho wholo, give mo tho dey praleio and the windmilt” And'so it is, o all have nomothing that s not porfection. ‘I'se fatmer who has water for irrigat{on is nob olways bappy, as somathing {8 sure to turn up to diwplonse Lim, In ordor to make a home, wa must submit to soma of thess things. If ane other would waa to ba mado, it {a doubtful it, on tho wiole, wo could wake it much bottor out of the same material, Tha condilfon of the man Iius much to do it the coudition of hia homo. IC disaster comes, the first thing to bo consid- ovod is how beat' to.rapair it, dolug the regrats afterwards. TIE CORNY AND FOTATO MARVEST ara near at hund; fn fact, some fanmors are bee ginning to crib their corn, while next weolt will ace tha wark In getioral progress, That tho orop fs much hatter in this Stato than lnst year, thore can ba seatco u doubt, and I think that it will turn out much beyond suy of the Drosont estimates, Polatoes ara fl"hb, and Yot throo wosks mors without frost willlslp out the Iato plunting, or ratlor the late-growing rorts, puch s tha Peachblow, which ia just now in full bloom and growing right along. Lmat woriug L parchascd o now vatioty from Bavlin, Wiy, “that was warranted to be six d; ar>1iss pind tnuch more prodictive than tho Barly tyzam s bt it nes proved a korry failuce, and the i,'.l und time spont with it ure lost, The Barly Roso lus hold 1ty reputation v well” this weasom, awl proved, what have often stated, that early planting is tho only #info coura o pursue in this part of the Stato. ~Tho late-maturing potatoes uro very wtieh of alottury, "o pasturage is good, and stock of all kinde aro doiug woll. I ticar littlo complaint of hog- cholegy thus far, and it is probable that 1t will in :lilmu disappear, as clovor becomos miore com- on. It appears to be & rather singular atato of the markot, for which I cenutot accouut, the relativa low price of wheat a8 compared to corn, Tho baling and_shipping of hay has boen neglccted, and shonld have attention. ''he froiglt on proased iy is reasounblo, and tho cost of bnting in New York is only $4 & ton, half of which 1n for tho labor. Thoron class of mon go to the farma and do the pressiu, and the farmer shi or sells tothe dealer. This business needa looks ing attor, ns money could be made out of it. Runat. —— , SEVEN VILLAGE SONGS. % THE DAURY-XATD, Ay dafry-maiden, trim and tght, Young Polly with the merry oyes, T think thit T can well surmiso The mieaniny of thofr Nght ; For, whila you skim the dainty crearn, “Ehro” the wide window, Jlko & dream, You see the luy-folk bojd ana bliths, And ous who lcuds, with swoeping scythe, Bos now, the soythes have ceasod to flash ¢ Tho wultry ofl brings sndden thirst, 1o drafus his tinkard who woa firef, Boucath tho werial as, Those stalwart shoniders look iika work, “Lliat bare brawn urm will never shirk, Tuoso lonent cyes lovk siraight at you; ‘Ay, 8y, my lass, the lad will do, . DAWN. Davn, with finsbt foot upon the monntain-tops, Stands bockoutng to thie aun-goil's galden car, Wuile on hior clonr high brov the morning star Grows fafuter, o the aiiver-nisty copse Aud rosy river-boud und villago whito Feol tho atroug wliatts of Lght. The Hite of dreams hins reached its utter sbb ; o foy of dawn Is in my Ludy's oyes, Whero at her window with & ball surprise 8o sees the mexdows meshed with foiry wels, And hears the buppy skylrk fur above Singug, 1 tive 2 1 love . MAY. 3fay, ltke 8 glrl at a garden gate, Whose nluurder fingers Hy-belis clasp, With oyes of Bazel that wondor and wolt, And 3 hnnd that longs to Iift tho luap, Tawmghiug: A, tohen will summer begin # When shalt I open amd let Love in? Mistresn mine, are you like May, Thie mnaiden monih i Lior tendor green, Laoking wistfully up the way \Whience mualc 18 lieard, whience summer|s sen? Wil yout Lft the Jutch us uy ook draws nigh To your gato of love? ¥or Lmcanto try, v, A DINNER TO REMEMDER. We dined. A fish from the river benoatl, A cutlet, & bird from the windy heath Where wo bad wandered, bappy and mutes 16 wan & lent duy with T tho early timo it 18 ofton thus ¢ Tt my swoet love chatted, whon came the frutty Flavor of sunburnt necturine, And the light thet dauced thro' a wine-glass tuin, Filled witls juice of the grape of Ruiue: Bhe talked and Jenghed about this and that, Eany, oxquisite, foulinh chat, While ber pretty tinttering haud sought mins, Anil T thanght: Como glory or como dlstross T thin wonderfal weary wiidorneis, “Chis hour 15 mine Il the day of death : The frnit, the wine, and wy Lady fair, With a flower of {1 hesth in her dim brown hay Aud o aigh of love 1 her {regrant breatl, v. TOVE. Wt tho urs of laving o Such u workd a4 (his Tt Whiers they way that lovo’s a sty Deap in ain's ubysses 7 44 Toll and strive and thoreby thrive, Sunun whate'or 3u ounny § If_you're fool enougl to Wive, Mind you marry monsy,” May tho God who mado the sun, “Lrces, hirds, Woumr's boauty, Scourge thie fools who linve begun “Thua toteach men dudy, While my Lody's heart's nstir *Noath its milk-whito cover, Al (ha birdwsholl sing of hor, All who seo sliall Jovo hor, VI DY THE WELYL, Just In bor tesns, With cyollda'draopod demure, Ang gravity that could nob long ondure, Ll chilil st knitting by the woll, e careless Loon FGse kI fel 1t was tho pretticst of country sces Trer laugh broke aut: A Kitton smong girla ; A merry ereatuire, gind to toss hor ourls, Yet farced ko kift, 1or over stir, Sy u moat ploun grandnother, What is that plous graudmother aboat 2 3 VIL HOROOL-GINT, REDELS, A clas of girin, i shoet wchool robes, Tired of Manguall and use of the globes, Ttebolled ; aud thoir sage old mustar sald— W Euclid or Zivopyw :ml -1|un 1;‘ \:‘: T The muu who nngles and eirclos £os B . ‘O Hhis tnam £ whotn birda and beasts falked freog ™ ‘The portest girl of tho robal class, Wi doubilesw grew taa charming lass, Qrledt * 2vop, certafuly, All tho birds A e deck that minblo o orcs: rovgy, Hayo plenant muslo and prolty worls : intdcoen’s bo toll us hiow boys talk foo? —Biuckioo's Saazines — e A Tutesed Mane A pirange exhibition ls about to bo glvan (o tho public by thomauager of the Foliea-loreras, Taris, [n the porsofof o man tatanod all aver hin hoiv. §10 i & Greok by birth, und nemed Yonen Constantinon. At presont agod 47, ho wan whon young mude w prisouer by & hoeda of Monchoux “arturs, who amused thomaslves by tatooing ayory part of his body in various colors, The tortiye hio endured from the continual puncture of o wany needios was indorcribable, Ile oftes prayed for doath, but ho survived tho _trial, u @ 1% now abiout to shuwe o ofXect produceds . i } I § X A : | ] 4 4 i Sas b