Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 5, 1874, Page 9

BERLIN. A City of Nearly One Million - Inhebitafits, ' The Publio Buildings-—The Bran- * denburg Gate-—-Unter der Linden, ‘Beets of tho French Tndemnity—I¢ Tn- creased Business, bt Fimally Causol & Financil Col- lapse. _The German Cfipfln! situated Tn the Midst of a Dead-Level Sant.: ; Plain. 'A Grest Municipal Problem: S How to Get Rid of the : : Sewage. fi.Tho Water-Supply --- Prevention and ' Extinguishment of Fires, Special Correspondence of T'he Chicago Tridune. BEnLN, Aug. 0, 1674, TThe Capital of tho German Empire—DBorlin— ‘ranks now au tho third elty in Luropoin pofut of population, and the first as rogards rapidity of growth, In 1832 Borlin ouly contnined 238,000 peoplo, On tho 1st of Docomver, 1867, it con- {ainod 702,437 inbabitants; and, four yoars ‘later, viz.: Deo. 1, 1871, it numbered 826,341, To-day, including the garrison, it falls but few thousand short of . ONE NILLIOY HOULS, thns ranking next after London and Paris, Ite growth is proceodiing at tho pace o(_ 50,000 per *anpum, roquiring yearly tho construction of 8,000 ‘now buildinga to accommodato thom and thelr “bsinees. The streets of Borlin aro mostly wide and stralght,—copocially all the now ones, In tha old part of tho city they aronarrow, and tho houscs are of rather shabby constructuro. Tho city is built almost exclusively of brick ; but tho, larger and finer class of houses aro covored with cement, aud made to rosemble various kinds of “gtone, siven the great public buildings aro of, brick finisbed in cement. Thoro laacarcaly n .stono building in a1l Berlin, which is accounted for by tho fact that no building-stone is found ‘within s long distanco of tho clty. The chlof prille park, ealled THE TUIENGARTEN, which # ontered from tho Brandenburg gato, londing out of tho great ocentral ptreot called “Unter den Limndoen,” i ly 2 miles long and three-quarters Bty %aite” brond. Tt 1 bounded slong .ita north aide by tho uneavory Spros. Alang ity south side the now and fashionablo part of tho city oxtends westwardly tho wholo length of tho park. In thia quottor aro to bo found somo thonsands of clogont mansions and palatial establishmonts of the Prussian aristocracy, bankers, merchants, manutacturors, aud rail- rond-stookholders, For bonnty and magaificonca they are bardly excollad by tho finest palacos and villas in Parts, Tho socloty of this **Wost Ena” is. esid .to bo very oxalusive and difficult of nceess . for strangers. Nor is nospitslity osercised to anything liko the pamo oxtent amopg them as in England or Americs,—perhnps for economical reasons. Intelligont strangors, howaver, provided with ‘proper introdnetions, will find an accessible and most agrecabla socioty pmonyg the ‘Univorsity- protossors and litoratl of tho Capital. TIE PUDLIO TUILDINGS of DBorlin aro conconttated slong the “Unter don Linden,” oxtending from tho old Royal pale aco, or Soliloss, on'tho Ieland, to the Dranden- burg gato, perhaps threo-fourths of a milo; but thoy olustor thickest in tho vicinity of tho Schloss nnd tho palaco of the Emperor,—tho Iattor n largo, plain brick Atracturo, covered with stucco. It stauds on & lino with tho stroet, and Ances the University, the Academy of Fino Arts, the Royal Library, the Arsenal, tho St. Hedwig Catholic Church, and tho Opora-Houge. A short distance from it is tho handsome palace of tho Crown Prince, which also stands on s line with tho streot. In front of tha ol F:flnoa, whoso huga domo has boen converted 1nto a beautiful chapol, is n atatuo-decorated squarocalled the * Lustgarton ' (ploasure-grounds) ; and ocoupying ons whole front of it is the immenso colonunde pilo exllod THE * OLD MUSEDM.” The front walls bohind the noblo pillars have ‘boen adorned with allegorical fresco pointings whoge subjeots aro sumewhat obscure, Tho HMusourn iteelt s fillod with paintings, which, on the wholo, do not rank in the first cinss; an ox- fomsivo colloction of statuary, both Grocian and Egyptian; and tho largeat aud finost assortmond of wenpons and_implemenia of tho stone and -bronzo agos that can be found i Lurope. Noar the Museum ls the Post-Offies; the Royal Theatro; ono of the finost Proteatant churchen ; tho Jowish 5nagogue, perhaps the most cortly onoin Europe; the uuproientious Parliament Tlouges; tho fino City-IInll, nnd other publio buldings. Dy standing on ihe stone bridgo leading to tho Island, at_tho brouze monument of the Groat Elactor, Fredoriok William, who founded tho Prussian monnrchy, ono can kce all tho promiuont public bwildings in Borlin by ‘gimply turning tho hend round, for they are aft witbin rifie-shot of that HFOE, and in {he vory Honrt of tho city, giving_it an_nppoaranco of gront arohitooturni sploudor, whicl 1s not borno out if tho vieitor moves on a fow blocks in agy dircction, oxcopt along the *Untor der Linden ™ ‘avenue, which s well bumilt from the bridgo aforesaid to the Brandonburg gate, & diatance of perhaps o nila or losa. TIIK DRANDENDURG GATE inin the form of o triumphal arch over the strect st the point where {6 londs into tho park, On thio top of the arch, 60 faot Ligh,.is tho *» Oar of Victory,” which Napoleon took down, and, pack- ing up tho four grent bronzo horses, the chariot, and tho goddess who drives it, oarriod them off to Parie 8a o trophy aftor tho battlo of Jena; but they were recovered by Bluchor afior the baitle of Watorloo, and” replaced on the arch, The goddess, after ber rolurmn from Paris, was__ decoratet with eagle and iron cross; whioh she still bears. In fron} of tho Emporor's Palaco aud tho University, in ko middlo of. the " Untor der Linden” asvanue, ptands tho grand monument of Froderick the Grent,—the finest of tho ldnd, pothaps, in the world, Itconsists of nn cquestrinn stntue nf .bronze, modoled by tho gront Pruseinn soulptor Tauoh, on o graulte podestal 26 feot high, bold- ing on oach faco bronzegronps of thegreatovonts ‘of $hio King's enzcor, with 1ifo-izo figaros of rov- oralof his best Gonerals, Not far from itatands o statuo of Blucher,—* Maishal Forward,". as ho is fondly called by tho Prussious, Facing him on oach sido aro statuos of Gona. Bulow and Beharahorst, the fonndor of the present Prussisn military_aystemn after tho dianstrous battle of Jona, 'Thoro oro many other atatucsto Prusalan milltary horoos iu Berin ; and few such honory locohy but tho effeot dooa not nppoat to be in- {nrlnnn ta tho 1)mhlle ‘wolfaro. 'The wlolo conn- ry in prosporing sltco the Fronoh war ns It néver prosporod bofors. All tho citios whish liave any rosourcos or vitality have portalken of tho natlonal lmprovomont.” This progresalyo movemont commonced aftor the expulsion of Anstrla from the German Zollvorsin in 1866, and tho aggrandizemont of Prugsin by tho absorption of twoscore of minor 8tatos info hor body pol- itlo; and It rogolved an additional impotus by tho annoxation of the Bouth Gormau Btatos in 1871, and tho rocoption of moro thian FLEVEN NUNDIED MILLIONS O DOLLARS of Fronch oapitnl as tho war-indommty, The diffusion of this enormona sum of money througnout Germnny nocosuntily quiokenod eve pulso of ‘commeroe and industry, and gave blr{l‘: to thoueauds of now ontorpuises not hofora ven- turod upon or hardly thought of, New mauu- factotlos hiavo sprung (nto oxistonco everywhers, nod old ones hiavo boow eninrged; now railronds hinva beon constructed, aud oid onos have boeu donblo-trackod and_ro-aquippod. All the citios have improved snd ootargod thoir parks snd Plonsure-grouuds, their rnfi;llo ‘Dulldings, muse~ ums, libinrics, and - gallerios -of paintings and sculpture, and added largely to thelr publio Inonuments of granito, bronzo, and mnrblo, por- -polunting tho famo of their warriors, atatesmen, Toots, ortists, nnd sclentists, Bnt, while tho nearly six mullinrds of Fronch fraucs bave quickened every Gorman pnlae by a fresh imfusion of tho blood of commorce, and oversproad the Empiro with o now and unknown prosperity, onnbling tho Govornment to rofuce oxialing. dobts and futwea taxos, this sudden prospority hns beou attended by certaln ovils, nnd followod by DRAWNACKS OF A SERIOUS KISD, In the first placo, all Gormany, but espoclally Berlin, wau thrown into & delirlum_ of spocnla- tion, ‘Tho apirit of hazard wna oxcited unduly, and tho oli habits of economy, prudonce, and circnmspoction, wore weakened' or laid ssido. Bpeoulation in' everything, real and fiotitios ‘broko ont suddenly, ind ragoed violently in Borlin, Troporty of s}l dercriptions advancod immcnses Iy, The Inflation of thd price of ecity-lots and Anburbnn real estato, in And ‘around Borlin, was hardly evor equnled in Ameriea 1o tho wildest period of bnbble-blowing. The entiro roal eatnte of Dorlin mora than doublod in two years; much of it troblad and quadrapled, Ilonts of stores, shops, ofticos, and dwellings, advanced in similar-extravagaut proportion. ~ The wages of Iabor followed suit. ~ Living hocame costly, and Berlinn denr city to livo in, - Thovo was a mania for fine buflding, the cost of which had ad- vanced 100 por cont. Plain, modest, unproten- tious, comfortable lLonscs woro o longer the fashion or domnnd, Daris must bo eclipsed in architoetnral magniflconco and splendor of ap- pointmonts and decoratious, aa wollns in thoart of war. Tho fever bnd to run ite coureo. Theenl- mination came at last, but none too soon. T'ho receenion from tho é:kmy heiglts was gront, Tortunes by tho hundred VANISIED INTO THE AIR. Tho collapso was not as sovoro, however, or tha orash an destrictive, as that which occurred just presious in Vienna, becauss ihere wee moro actaal capital in possession fr the spoculatora and of tho massos to sustald them in the fall. They had tbo solid gold of France in (their pockets, which the Austriaus had not. 8till, tho conouasion was a govere one for thowd who tum- bled to the earth, aad there woro, figuratively speaking, many o broken limb, or ugly bruiso or contusion, and somo nooks wero dislocated, To givo an iden of tho oxtont of tho collapsa that aceurrod, it may be statod that tho deprociation in tho metkot-value of Prussian aud German atacla of various kinds held in Borlin, amounted to 850,000,000 thalors in tho courso of a coupls of months! Hero wns o shriokagoe in etock-valuos ownod in ono eity of 260,000.000 of gold dollars, or nbout 1,900 ¥OR EVERY FAMILY OR AN in Berlin last summer, . for it wan thon it oconr- red. It was nob the bonds of the German Government which depreciated, for thoy remain- ed 8 stendyas thosu of tho United States Gov- crnwent eftar the panio of last Sontember; bot it was all kinds of German railrond stocks, stocks of banking, building, and manufacturing companies, and overvthing of n loeal specnlative chnzncter, ' But, whilo the aggregato shrinkago of values in Dorlin and thronghout Germany, can only bo computed Dby thousnnds of milliony of thnlers, .tho bankrupieica weoro surprisingly fow. Poople had, asa ralo, only gnmbled and #pecalated in their surplus capital,” in whnt wasn rapraseated by tho “Trench vinudor,” which bad ‘cost them but Jittlo o obtain. Of courso thors wers many wha had vontured heyond their depth and went -under, and thousands of othors aro badiy crip- pled, Still, tho groat majority of specnlators ouly got ** burnt o little,” ‘and lost in roxpecta- tiona more than in notusl vatues, People hind marked up shoir goods and chattels, roal-cstato and slocks, and, after the crash, they made a now inventory and marked thom down ngain, Tho Gormans talkt but comuaratively little of this financinl crisis and speculative coliapso, and bear their losres with stoieal philosophy, They comprehend tho causo of tho troublo, and con- aura ouly thamsclves. Tho Governmont has not como in for a &haro of tho blame, s {t had done notling £9 merit conanro_ by ehcontmeing speoulation, but had purened a consorvative conrse. The curroncy of fho conutry waa gonud, both beforo and atter tho “blow up.” It had not been watered or oxpanded, and thore was no boarga clamor and brawlinz ontery heard, fn or out of DParlinment, for *cheap monoy” and currency-cxnansion after thn spceulativo smash. There is no * hig-monay " party in Germany, led by bankrupt demagogues and desperato dead-beats, Ona ronson for tho slight alluion tn the lato fisonl crinia one Licars in Gormany mpy bo ate tributed to GERMAN PRIDE, No matler how mucl they wora hut or in- jured, they wero resolved tho French should ot leow it, or ho led to boliova thoy woro rnf- fering sorionsly from tha effects thoreol. Tho doterminntion " was genoral that the Fronch should have as little oceasion {o rejoico s porsiblo: henco the Gorman pross, so far from mngnifying tho extont of ' tho fionnalnl eateatrapho, stadiously underrated and borittled it, Thay barely admitted that busineas affairs had been undnly oxcited in consequence of tho disbursomont of ro much forcien monev, too suddenly distribnted among tho trading and spoculative clussce, which had naturally pro- duced an abnormal condition of things, somo- what annlogous to the offeat of an oxcess of nl- coholic atimulants on the phywical systom : nnd, a8 tho results of such flacal “Rtimulation passed off, it left tha country witt n littlo headacho and & feoling of lnusitude, ns minht naturnily bo ox- pected; but the pubhie would quickly rocover from it and resume ileir ordinary snirit and tone. The prospority of the groat utercsts of the country wna unaffected, industry continued to be well rowarded and natiopal wealth to in- creane, and ‘“ Germany wae a8 roady aud ablo, and as woll propared, now ‘as boforo tho subsidonco of the poculativo fover, to dofend her rights, intorcsis, and Irontiers.” This wns tho same ihing 8 saying to tho Fronch : ' Nothing. has happoned that will inure to your bonofit, and thiere is no ure in your laughing or rejoicing aver tho misfortunes of our spectilatora,” 8o Germany ‘GRING AND nIARS IT " ond ntters vory Jittlo complaint, and exhibits no outward avidonoes of tho oxtont of tho derange- mont, or the woverity of the loeses, Tho prico of real estato hos been quistiy deolining in Bor- lnover_ ginco tho orlsis, and consderablo has chauged hands to satisfy tho domands of _erndit- ore. Tho bulding-fever has anbsided, both in oxiravagaut costlingss of structure, nnd in the number oreztod for speeulative purposes. ‘Tho cost of building-matorials has nlso groatly {nllon, and tho wnges peid to moohanica aud lnborors have deolined 25 to 40 per cont. “Strikos " have coadod, nnd the Communitio movement has rocaived n sovera check. The highor tho laboring clanscs wore pald during the speoulative period, tho moro inordinato bocang their domands, and wild nnd chimerical thoir politico-social drenms and schomos. The ox- tosfon s eobored down allalasnos, snd enablad ”helrin to soe mattorn Int tholr natural aud propor it cfuorlln 18 sitiated In the midst of o DREAIY, DEAD-LEVED BAND-PLATN, dostituto cither of beauty or feriility, Somo ono calls It * an oanls of bricl in n Sahavs of sand,” aropaid fo tho mokt eminent and colobrated clvilians, I saw no siatue to tho memory of the gront Humboldt. Abta focal point in tho Publlo Park, whenco many stroets and drivoways 1adinte, stands o vast fllar, called the Column of Victory, surmounted By & colossnl gilded fomnlo figurd, oroctad m Yonor of the natlonal triumph ovor (o Fronch, Tt is prabably 160 foot from tho head of the god- doss to tho granito foundation. ‘Haying heard 8o much sbout THE UNTER DER LINDEN AVENUE, I was oxpecting to soo long rows of magnificont sprending old lindon troes, undor whows cool canapy, fin the hoat of the long summior-davs, oltizaus nud atrangara rested or promennded. But I was disappointed in finding nefthor 1inmd or shady (¥ecs, but, instend thorcof, nothing “hut a parcol of wickly, serabby, docayl "fl treek, of no bonuty or ‘ornament. Their decay i8 ancribod to tho doletorious fumoes which escapo from the gns-pipos in the ground ; and the au- thoritios havo nob Loon able to mako thom floulsi, ’ "o Gapltal of Garmauy scoms to bo absorbing mauch of the surpluy pusmlutlnu, weaith, and in- dustry of tho Ewpire Into itwelf, liko o great Tho wondlar is, how_such & spot came to ho so- Tectod as tho Capital of & nation, Whon it was 80 solootod, Prusais, it wau truo, was but o fecblo Gorman Btato; but, strong or woak, it was no place for a Capital. A naturally mora misorablo Bpot could hardly bo found tn wll Drussin, Tt was locatod on (o banks of tho _little, slugalsh Ttivor Sproe,—n stronm about 100 foot wido, whick: flows fn summer not faster thau half n mile an Lour,—perbaps nat (hat fast, Thoro wna scarcoly & stiock or stone within 50 miloa. Thore fs not In the vlclnitv of Borlin aven brick-olay. All tbo brisk for bnild- ing purposea nre manufactured n long distance awny, aud floaled along the Bproo, whicl: 18 used as n canal, “Thovo I8 no limestono, orlnps, within 100 mlley of Borlh, and no [ullding-stono within oven that lonk distanco, Tho only trecs to ba soon within 50 milea aro ntohas of pines, plantod in tho sand durleg the I'lal 100 yoars, :{‘lunu the wator-couracs thoy grew modorately well; but, away from iho htronms, thoy hnve a stuntod. =lekly, aud @ hard- ttmon” Inok. This Dblenk and dreary plaln in wswopt in the wintor by cold northorn and enat- orn winda from tho Baltte and tho snow-plaing of Russis, sud thoro aro no Lills or forosty to 'THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, SEHPTEMBER 5 1874 - break its courso or modify its severity, Fifty miten oast _of Torlin fn _the conalderable City of Frankfort, on ths River Odor,—n_Iarge, novigablo ntroam, extending north and roath throughout the whols oxtent of Prossin. Why o location ot the itsignifichny Bpreo, in the 'midat of the great I'rusainn denort, was proforred to the obviously euporior one of Krankfort on la ‘Odor, where tho- country iu far more fertiloand botter timborod and watered, is nconcolvable.- Bat moro fucuncotvable still is it that tho Gapital WAG NOT IEMOYED TO POTANAS, whioh was founded by Fredoria Wilholm, *tha Great Iiloctor,” about tho year 1640, when Derlin wat still but & small placo,—llitle more than n ¥llngo, Tt waa nt Potadam * the Great Elector™ ived, and it wna tha place of reaidence of tha Prugsian Royal family for 160 years tharenftor, Fredorio the Groat fillad {t with palacts and ublio buildings, sud ostablishied tho Conrt thore 'or mauy yoars, DPotsdam fa’but 20 milea from Torlin, to tho routhweat, aud in situatod on the bank of tha Rivor Havol, which thore expandu into n loke, with finoly-wooded, ploturesqus, nloplng banke,—connecting with s chaln of prot- 1y InTros both above and bolow it, Tho slugglsh, inaiguificant S\\mu flows tuto the Taval o dozon or fifleon miles wbove Polsdam. Now, thia would havo beon a benutiful site for tho Capital, wharo tho drinking water is purer, tho country bottor wooded and far moro fortilo, and tho oli- mato moto squnblo—tolug lorg blouk and cold in winter, and oooler and nloro mnlubrious, in summor. The Ilavel is_n good, navigablo atronm, and runs into tho Elbe, tho largoest and most important river in Prussia. But, i the faca of all thess suporior atirac- tions aud natural ‘ndvantages of Potydam over Dorlin, the Capital remnined in the midst of the eand-wastes ou thobanlks-of the littlo Spreo, on a apot whora it never could be forti- fied, and in n region whero it novor could bo fod by tho surrounding country, but remained opon to tapture and plunder by overy invador, and had to send to Jong distancos nbroad for ments, vegotnbles, and bread, Al othor Buropean Cap- itals are surroundod by fruitful zardony and for- tilo flolds, * but not o Borlin, Tiowover surpris- ing it may seom that such aspot was melocted and persistod in aflor the Mundor must bave boen domonstrated -to the dullest appre- honsfon, it is still more wonderful that Berlin should have grown into ono of the Targost and most flonrishing cities fn the world. It provos that the Capiialof a nation will grow 1IN DEITANCE OF ALL NATURAL ONSTACLES, and that commercial or manufasturing adyan- tages of position aro not csaontial fo the pros- [mrlty of tho national hondquarters. Iorlin has ncreaged oxacily in proportion to tho growth of Pruesinin population. wealth, and onterpriso. Whoh the railroad-system bogan fo bo ostab- lished, sny in 1830, the Capltal nlready numborod nearly a quarter of a million of {nbabitants, and many branches of industry had taken firm root. This growth was inainiy nceomplished Ly con- nocting the city with largo eanals Ieading to the. Odor and the 1lbo, 2nd utilizing tho liltle River Spreo as & navigablo outlnt into tho Havel, and thenoo into tho Jibe, Theso water-corses on- abled tho bustnoss-mon of Borlin to ronch ont Doyond tho -desort - which snrrounded them into moro fertilo portions of tho Kingdom, and fo gain necoss to the oa through Hamburg, at tho mouth of the Blbo, and Stottin at the ontlet of the Odor. But tho official population of o burenucrativ Government like Prussia is very nimorons,—enongh to conskitute o con- sidorablo city of {tsolf; and then the contintal rre:wuco of an ontiro army corps necessitates ha oxpendituro of enough money to- glye cm- ployment tv many pordous. Berlin lias nlso be- como tho chiof German mannfactory for armv- clothing and munitions of war, axcopt caunon, 1t has also becomg the chiof placa for the manu- facture of locomotiv-s and raifway-cars, BEYEN THOUSAND OF 'JI¥ FORNER have alrcady boon constcucted horo—many on Russiny orders. This Dbranch of busi- nnss . gives conatant omployment to many thousands of workmen. "The repalr-shops of n great railrond-systom ara a0 located in Derlin, Tho ™ railroad-bualnoss nlouo which centres hora is sufiicient to_support o largecity, I'ho Gorman Nntionsl Miat is In Berlin; also tho great Natioval Bauk., The bullk of the railroad-stocks of Germany sre hold hers, and the railroad-Dirontors and officors have their reaidences here. 'Tho National Cap- ital naturally attracty townrda itsolf tho aristo. oratic, woalthy, and fashionablo classes of tho Empire ; and tho gratifiostion of their wants re- quires the services of troopsof sorvants, and the profuso expenditire of mouoy among tho shopkeopers nnd purvevors, amuscmont-maon- agors and carriage-makers, and other clasaos. All theso onuses combinad have proven sufiiciont to ereate nnd support n city of n million of sonls in a desort of sand. 1lowover, the surrounding country is V KOT TOTALLY DESTITUTE OF VEGRTABLY. LIVE, A ooutury of persovoring efforts hiny fnally causod it to support s scanty prowth of root- oropn, & littlo grmss, and soma foobla mrain, I anw oats n foot high, ryo 2 fost high, somo pickiy-looking clovor, and, in_plncos, tolorably froad potatoas, beets, and furnips, ~ Pla mathad omployad by Trederick tho Great, 100 years ngo, 1o voclaim thit barron land, was to gow it in turnips nnd_beots, aud lob them rot in the ground, aud to repent this. opovation wntil elaver would grow; and to wlow it nndor to tho samoe end, and o keep ropeannsg o pracows wutil potatacs. would - grow, and cattle could Lo pastured on tho olover, In tho meantime, all tho manuro, night-soll, and garbngo of the eity wera carefully awept up, gathorad, aud collested, and carted off to thone saud-nlaing ta aid the vogetabla stragele for life. Tho quantity of thoso fortilizors now is necessa- rily immeuag, and of couren thay affect cancidav- ablo results tn roclaiming tha snrroanding des- ot; go that thoro in o gradual improvoment tnk- ing placo in the ncunlg» woductivenens of the urronnding cotntry. 1ut, notwithstandiug all thosa nids, and tho offorts of goncrations, the nore & mau owns of this mirerabls Iand the ooror ho is, and tho less bo has of it tho botter Roinon: Tho great municipal problam distraciing the thonghts and engrossing tho attention of Lhe au- thoritics ab Berlin has boen how to QLT RID OF THE SEWAQE. What ehall be done withit? Whe Hullo Sproo in pollnted, and in hot woather emolla foartully, reminding one of the condition of the Chicao Tivor boforo the canal was deopened. or of tho North Bianch at the prosont tima, Aot rowago- impuritios avo dischargod juto tho Bpres than ity sluggieh curront duving tho dry koagon van carey away, and thero is no largor stronm . within many mMlesof tho city, A great canal might be dugte the Oder Itiver, 50 or 60 miles distant, if thare woro any Iall, bt tho intervening countey i3 n dond Jovel ; and it in a dend level, almost. tn the opposito diraction, to tho Blbo, 60 or 70 mile from Borlin, Bositles, it isinto tho Kibo, thronsh tho Havyel, that the fith of tho Spree ¢ div- charged, ‘Whion the citv bogan to graw rapidly, a dozan or fifteon years ago, tho authorities also bogan to awaken to tho obvioun necce- sity of an fnproved system of scweraz. Committees of tho City Oouncll wore appolntod to invoutiaate the snbjoct, snd roport o plan of roliof, ‘They, in turn, callod to their nid scion- tiflo okports, Who colleoted o vast amownt of' dats, visitod ll tho groat ltion of tha world, ox- ammed thoir vystoms, and roported tho result of their inquirios. As ofton ns a plan was sub- mitted to the publis for adoption, other reien- tific invostigators wonld oriticiko it to death, pointing out 1ta dofocta and shoricomings, T'hia investigation haa heen rodiously pursnod for ten onrs, during which timo the city has donblod n popilation, and the smalls have quadrupled in volume and intonsity, The Spreo has boon Diofouled until IT 18 ALMOST UNDHANADLE in tho hot season ; and the citizons delnand that somathing bo done to abats the ovil, without farthor_ palaver or pracrastination, as tha Coun~ oil ay drank onough boer and smoked sufeiont aipars over the subjeot alrondy. Tho st sehomo yproposed, and the one which has hoen ndopted, in na follows: ‘Cho city I8 1ald out into districts. From onch of thom n main sotvor, into which tho city-uowors will discharge their contente, i8 to bo constracted, lending out into the country a long distance,—6, 8, or 12 miles, na the cayo may ba. ” At varions points aloug ita tourse nre to ho Lnilt Inrgo rosorvoirs, and at oach one n ha'all steam-puinp in to bo placed. As tho sowage flows into thoso rosorvolrs It is to bo pumped into tunks, on whocly, atid drawn by horaes or oxeu totho hdjncent ficlds, and kprinkled ovor them as water i dincharged from strest-water- ing carts, ad plontifully ay (ho farmors nnd gar- donors may chuoko to apply it. Bsporimonts havo shown thin powago to bo A MOAT EXUELLENT FERTILIEER, and great crops enn bo produced whore it in freg- Iy upplied on tho sandy, dosori-looking soil, whlu‘l abaorbs it with thivaty avadity, What {s now an unendurable nulsance in tho littlo river will horonftor bo tho moaus of fottilizing thou- gandy, perhaps tons of thousands, of acrod of the wasto and unproductivo lands around Berlin, Tu aduition Lo the resorvoirs along thelino of coverad oannls, it is aléo proposed to extend latoral plpos thorofrom, lending out Into the country cousidornblo longths from the main con. dult, for the purpose of khortening the distance to bo travoled by tho sprinlsling wagons, Tho holght of the rotoptaclo end or funnol of these pipes will be sudiclont to glvo'n prompt flow through them to the wagou-tanks, Bomething liiko a dozen of thedo main sowors lending but of the city aro to bo constructed in courso of tima, to convey the uu\vnl 0 of tho proat olty luto the country and ovor tha sandy falds, Work s already commenced oniwo or throo of thow, ‘man in tho Borl and it in Intendad to expond $5,100,000 or 80,001 000 ‘within' the noxt two or thred yenrsin ox- “tending o ryntom nud promoting tho sanitary condition of tia elty. Dorlin recolves n LIMITED NOPTLY OF WwATER, ‘'putapad vp'from thoBorao ; but it isnolthargood ner abundant, sud, untl o’ fow weoks ngo, tho ‘water-worku belonzed to an English company, who have sold oat to tlio Oity Govornmont_for ‘wovorat mhilligna of dollars, A littlo dam, with n Tozk to admit the rnnnngn of canal-bonts, is conw Btrudtad ‘aerosk tho Sprow n khort distanca boe ond the city<Himits ; and from Lliis slack-wator, Zhun dammed oft from ths filthy stream below -into which the séwors dischargt “their contents, -tho sowor-puinps taiso tho water for tho cone aumption of the -eity. In nddition to thean works, which furnish a fety millions of alldng Ror dny, at a largd cost horeto- fora to the -pnorln, the ‘Olty Government are ‘proconding to eninrge tho supply by conducting wator from‘ano of tlio Ixkes a8 _fow miles from Borlin, fed:by » branch of tho Havel, which will Turnish thatcity sith an abundance of pure water, such!as Borlin has novor horotofors on- joyed. Ioirever, the ntoady drink of tho peopls ‘will still continue to be beor. FIREAANE OF EXTREMELY RARE OCOURRENCE. in Borlin, nnd‘thero Iiaa never beon a sovoro con- flagration. 'An American gentloman, who hag renided in this city for tho last thirtoon yeara, ‘inforins me' that, in ATl that time, ho romembors no flre i which the Fire Department pormitted thollames to eproad iuto adjoining atructnren and blocks, but in overy lnstance it confinod the out- broak to the hu[ldmfi in whicl tho fire originated, and genorally subdued it boforo it had dona much damnge, even to the building in which it was discovorad, And, what ia more remarkabls, thero is not a steam firo-ongins in Derlln. The Firo Dopartment is small and inexpensive whon compared with the gront, costly, olumsy estnb- Tishmont maintainod in Chlesgo,’ s clty of only twa-fiftha of the popuistion and one-fifth of tho wealth of Torlin, It costa but 120,000 por sn- num fo support it. . The Ohiof Marshal of the Borlin Firo Doparimort is an enginosr officer of tho nrmy, dotatled by the Government for this important duty ; his assistanta aro aino educatod ongincers, or practical huilders, who have thor- onghly aindiod tho acienco of extinguishing firos and preventing fires. 'Tho subovdinates are all honorably-disolinrged non-commissionod officors from the army, who were mayone or carpenters. ‘Thore is & practical machinist in chargo of each engino, ‘Cho utmost cara is takon in the solection of overy man, from the Chiof Mnarabal down totho lowest position. The highost state of digeiplino in maintained, and tho Dopartment is constantly oxerclued and drilled in its dutios, Thero ara VERY FEW MEN IN THE CIIOAGO FINE DEPARTXENT whoso education wonld eusblo them to pasy an exnmination for {rlpn-man or hook-and-ladder- orllu Dopartment, much leas for the highor posttions. When the fire-alarm-tole- graph gives tho sigaal of tho outbreak of a firo :auywuera in Borlin, ecarcoly one minuto elapses beforo tho horsos Liave an cugine on the apot, And iu anothor minuto it is playing on tho fire. Thara is no timo lost in gotiing nt work in tho right way; water innot wasted, but is dircotly applied whero it will do the most gnod. 'Tho valico ropo hack the crowd and clear the streots in _tho vicinity of tho firo. Tho idlo nmob is mnover parmitted to impodo (ha oporations of the Department, Tho honk-nnd- Inddor men seale tho_valls hke oats, boing an practicod gymnasts, Wator is thrown upon the firo from ladders reaching to tho windows of any etory whero it appenrs; boles aro made in the rool, aud wator is let in on the firo from .ahoya. ‘Whoro the strects aro narrow, water i thrown from the roofs of tho Ild]flhllu&! Louses, or from thoir windows, Whilo ail this Ja going on, thera i3 no noixe, brnwling, mwearing, confnaion, or coti- tradiotory orders. 'Chiora are no Polica Commis- sloners, or Aldormen, or ontriders, to take part in the.manngemont of tho combat with tho fire, and confuse the firomon with contradictory con- mands and mischiovous intorference, Every Nrgman knows his piaco, and attonds strictly, quictly, fearlossly, and iutelligontly to if. oboying s chiol's orders with slaerity. Very quickly tho firo is subduod, nnd tha loss kept withinl n trifle, ‘The firemon thon withrdraw to thoir reapoctivo stations ; tholr machinns, hone-pipos, and tacklo of all worts, ate carofully oxamiued,e and thoe nocossary ropairs nt once made. Tho machinery and firc-imploments aro always kopt in the best ordor, During tho past yonr, thore woro 800 alavms of firein Borlin,~most of thom, of course, nothing more than bnruing chimneya or an upset lamp, Twonty buildings only wora totally or seriously damaged. Tho walls, howover, romained standing altor cach firo ; and inno cass was the firo pormitted to spread Into ndjoining butidings. Borlin, be it borne in mind, ia almost ns much sabjeci to high-winds ay Chitago. Tho' aggropato five- losses in Borlin for tho past twonty years IIAVE NOT IEEN ONE-TENTIT PART AS MUCHK an thosn in Chicago, exctusivo of tho groat cou- flazration of Ootober, 1871, No propeity in Ber- 1in iy allowod to be insured for mors than five- alxtha of its vatno. Iut, if tho caudo of tho fitn ean bo traced to uegligonco or earelossness of the owner, ho rocolven nothing. Lucondinry fires aro of oxtremoly raro occuricnee i this city; and muoly 5 thing ns & man Botting his own pramisos on fito, or & tenant ficing Iy stook of goods, for tha sako of obtaining tho insuranco, 18 unknown in Berlin or Gormany, and is aoldom evar licard of ‘in lurope, oxcapt iu Gront Britain, where tho Amorican reoklosd system of insuranco sud temptation provails to a small oxtent. But Amorion is tho country of incendiary flros,—of “gelling ont to tho Insurance companics,'!— abovo nll others put togethor. Vory compli- montsry to Amerionn chuyacter, it it not ? “Tho other day L climbed up o tho top of tho towor of the City-Hull,—a hoight of 300 fock,— for tha purposo of obtnining & comprohenvive birdseye view of tho shapo, appearance, and ex- tent of this gront city, ns well as to get & good look at tha vast pinin in the midst of which (ho city is situnted. DERLIN COVERS NATHER LESS TCRRUTORY than tho City of Chieago, It is about G miles long by lons than & hroad, which includes sub- urbs, and the largoe Thiorgardon Parl, as woll us two or threo amallor patks. The shapo of the city on tho map very closely rosomblos that of & Doy's kito,~the Thintgardau beng tho tapering tail-ond. Tho clorely-built portion of the city is about 8 wilen neross 1 any direetion, and cov- cors porhaps 0 equare milea: ond nine-touths of the population_ dwoll within {his spaco, whish would give a donsity of 100,000 to the square milo, which is about tho usual number on that apnce in Buroposn cities, 1 could not help ob- sorving that overy hotso had o tilo roof, The whole city is covered with tiles. As long oxpo- riouco shows that no wall rosists fira so woll as ono of brick, 8o it haa nleo boon domonstrated that tilo-covoring for roofs is supetior to auy othior tantorial which can bo omployed. Boriin is 0 clby of brick walls covered with iiles, 1lence firos nover htvnm(l by tho falling of sparks or tho ;Anuurlng of cinders, The puoplo of Berlin on- oy & > TEELING OF SECUIITY AGAINGT FIRE which would bo a porfect luxnry in Chicngo. ‘I'hoy go to bad ot uight with no appraliension of danger, and nc foar of boing awnkened from thoir slambors by n oiby in fismos. DBut thoy lisvo onrned thia afoty, aud almost porfeot im- munity, from tho dovouriug clemont, by con- siruet] n\z thoir hauses with somo regard for tho naturil lnwa of combustion, and by eolocting a Fire Department, not on Account'of the bum- mer influence of its mombors or officors in electing Aldormen, but with solo roference to thoir skill and_qualifications for promptly and offootually oxtinguishiug fires. J. b —_— . VOICES OF THE DEAD, A fow anow-patclies on the mountain:side, Afow whito foum-fakes from tho ebbiug tide, A fow romembered words of malice u‘-uul. "The record of wome dead mau's tll-intent— They cannot hurt us, ull thelr IIF 13 gono, Tholr hour of cold nd bitterncss 1a done; Yot deopeat anowa und flercest-lashing seas Diring not such cold or bitter thoughts os theso, A fow solled liliea dropped by childish hands, A tow delud orange-biooms from distant lanids, A fow remembered ¥miles of somo lost friend, Faw words of lova some dear dead fingors ponned,— ‘Choy ars ol beantiful foe lovo 10 aeo, And'deatl's pale preseics peonpn int thom to boj Yol mover living bloous, piout (rovh sl gays 11 ws with thoughts of fova so uweot s they, —&° W Bourditlon in the London Spectator, Iiaron Anscim De Rothuchild. The death of the lamentad Jaron Anscln De Rothschild, eays the Jewish Chronicle, Lias pro- duced a doep Improssion throughont Vienna, The Baron died a¢ Dobling, hoar that town. e hisd attained tho nge of 71, He was born oh the 20th of January, 1809, st Frankfort-on-tha- Main, Howas & son of Baron Bolomon De Ratheehild, who wan n_grandson of tho foundor of this dllz(nfinlshod commeroial dynasty, An- goltn Muyer, 1o spent his youth at” Frankfort, aud passed somo tine dutlng his youhg mau- hood at u, whore bo attended tho univorsity of that city. - 1tis careor ns o university student {rubltod him with a livoly interost in- seionco, Ilo was attached to scientific pursuits and held communion With _selentifle mon l.hmpg.i,h- ont his whole life, nnd o Inyariably entdeavored to keop up with tho stroam of sclantitlc pragross, ll is sald that Lo hada apecial acquuintunco with history, but ho princj. pally sequired venown as an enthusiastio triond of the flus nrts and a profound conuoissenr ju Knluun audd arohwology, In 1835 e took up i8 realdenco in Vienna, and rarely quittod it ex- copting during tho hot weathior, whon he wiually went, to Lis entato at Sohillorsdorf, I Biloela, 1la warried i coustn Charlotto, dunghitor of his unal, Daron Nathon Mayor o Tothephlid, the woll-inowh hond of e London brfact; {fethor of Daton Tionol wnd Sir Anthoty Rothachild), o Jout his wifo in 1850, Ile had niven ohiliirbii, viz.t throo nons, Nuthonlel, Fotdinkud, nnd ALl fred s and four doughtors, Tnlia, the wifs of Aualpho Charlen Da Rotlischilly Mntllds, who markad Willtain Chttles Do lkulhp.clllldl TLoulsa, who marrtod Baron Frauchetti, and Alice, who is atill womarriod, IMls soms liave no ohll- deon Daron Terdinaud is s widower. In 1861 Baron Anselm Do Hothsehild was npgulutnd o mombhor of tho Ulmur Iloudo, or House of Lofis, of tho Austtinn Imperial Parliamont, In, whicli hio alwayx voted with the Liboral party. Not haviug boen ondowed swith oratorieal talonts: ho did not nttempt to shive as a spoaltor, but ha enjoyed tho highest estcom of his illngtrions sonntorial _collengues, by the firmnoss of hia charsetor aud the unshakablo consistoncy of s mrinciplos. Indood, it is difloutt in Austris forn politleal parnonago to acquiro a roputation for consiatonoy, but fbls roputution ko dosorvedly obtained, “Baron Anselin Do Rottschild invaride hl{ ovinced n atrongly plons mdhotoncs to tho. orthodox prineiples of ‘tho roliglon of hia’ fathiers, In 1806 ho gavo a notablo proof of tlo intonalty with which ho 'folt any blow directod againat thy honor of hix coroligloufuts. In that yeartho wir broke out botwoon Auntria and Drissia. Atthat timo Cowunt Dolorodi was at the liend of the Austriah Covernmonts lio was a man of Ultramontane Catholle principles, and he hind vory littlo sympathy with the Jaws, Under an assertion of patriotism lo put forth tho notion of roquirlng tho Jewish conpregntions to organizo scveral brttallons of voluntoota at their own oxponse. Now, as tho Jows uocesharlly undortook the abligations of military service in common with other citizons, Count Boleradi’s plan was neithor more nor loss than an oxtraordinaty tax lovied on the Jows, A dismiised ronownl of the specinl Jows' tax, that Liad boon abolished since the emanclpntion of the Jews. Natukally thio Jews protested on all sidos againat this injustico, and on this oc- casion Baron Anselm “do Rothschild wrote te tho Imporial Minister that he would closo lls offices, broak off all financial negotiations with the Governmant, and leave Aastrin if the Minis- ter "mrnlstnd in oarryiug out n project which would bo so injurioud to tho Jews. "His letter had bhe desired effect, snd tho Minislor abnne doned tho tax, Ilospont his lust daysata villn at Dobling, & village near Vieona, * Ho hod suf~ forod much, and was obliged to submit to a pin- ful oporation. For some days bofora his doath tluy catastropho was rogarded a8 fuevitablo, Ac- cording to the last wishes of tho deceascd, his body waa takaw, with.tha grontest simplicity, to Fravkfort. With tha oxcoption of tho iwo preachers of tho Synagogue, the functionnrics of tho burial socisty, ond his mosb iutimnto Irlond, vory fow Jution ware nk the coromony, Immedintely oo hearing of the denth of tho Baron, the Emperor sout his adjutaut to offer his condolongo to the family, ak did also the Uorman Emporor, tho Ozar of Russin, and tha Ring of Italy by tholr rospectiva Ambnssndors, Prince Dismnrck and Connt Andrassy, Primo Ministor of tho Aunstro-Hungurinn roalm, sent tolegruna of aympathy. ——— LOVE IN WINTER. o +Oh, 1ava Is like the roxen, And overy rose shnll fall, For mur s Simnuur clovot "Fhey petisk, ouo and oll, Then Jove, whils leaves nve on the trew, A bivils shug In the bowors s ‘When Winter cowmes, tio late 't will be "o pluck (he happy flowers.' 413 5 matden singing, An anclent girl, insooth 3 ‘The dizzy room fs rluging WIth hor shrill soug of youth; Tho whilta koys £ol as swit sho trles Tach shelll and slrfo) 0l Jove ix Jike the ro Thla muslined nightiugalo. 1n n dark coraer dozing 1 closed my exos and cars, Awl endl up, Wil reposiug, A glimpee from otlier years s A geure-pleture, qua 1 sco from {his dar! *ris full of human brightntes, such ‘As makoa remembraiice awcot, 1, Flat Ieagnes of andlcsa meadows (In Ifallaud lick the zcenoy, Whors muny pollard-shadows O'er mut-brown ditches leans @ray clouds above thst nover brealr, Miats the pale sunheams stripo, Witk groupe of stcamning cattly, i A landseapo “atter Cuzp.” A windmill, and below it ‘A cottage newr a codds ‘Whore soing 1neak pastoral post . uke u glad ahodo ; v ardon, whero arcs of pinusies grow, And, nittiag ob o girdeu-chiafr, A Damo with locks of snow, » In trm black, trasxed ana bodiced, With [l\ fevat of red, or bosom modest ere 3 Alasd tho breast that bizavew below I8 shriveled oty and thin, ' ‘Cirongl vestal thonglts us viaite a8 wnow Sull polpitato within Ter hands aro mittened nicoly, ‘And folded on e kiiea; er dipe, that mect preclscly, Avs wbvlug quictis, 8he listons whlle thu ilreamy bells 0'ar tho durls flats intone-- N come, 10W gone, in g swells Thio Sabbati-eounds aro blown, er choek o witlered rose Ju, Her eyon violet dim § alf fuy her ehair she dozen, And hutus a bdppy hymin, But woft | what wondor inaiies her statt Aud Jift heraged hoad, : While the Faint tintteriags of her hark Just touch hor chevl with rod “The lateh clfcks ; through the gatewray “An tged wight stops sl Tisen pauves, Gotlung sralzhtiway Tt broa brimmed guy chopean s Swaltow-tatled coat of bl ro grand, Wil linttons bright beaiie, © Tre weary, und In his (rowblihg hand ‘A nosegay, ribbon-tod. i thin old fegn trip ighily Tu bregches of nunkesh, 18 wrinkled face Jooks rightly, 50 roxy, fresk, nud eloan For oid bo in and wrinkled plain, With locks of golden gray, And Jeaning on o tusnelvd cane, 115 Lobbles on bis way, Ol skylark, singing over “Fio aifont sl hard by, To this s0 happy lover Sinir out with buinicr-cry ! To hiears thee, though hta blood fa cotd, Khio liears, though deaf snd weak} Blio stunds bo greot him, 2 of old, A Ulush upon ber chell In Spring-timo thoy were parlet 2iy sonye ad swind of wuo s Forlorn and broken-leatted Bach faltercd, lang ago “Thioy patted s Bif 4 coutiiry . Facl took the path of puju— ito lived a bichclor, and ko Was nover wooed agal, But whon the Summer endd, Wlien Autumn, (oo, was deid, Wheon every vision splendid Of youth'and lope was tled, Agal those twain camo face {o faco ‘Av In thio long ugto; ‘They met within & sunless place Iu the scasoh of the snow, 40, Tova i like tho rosca, Love comei uud love must fles | Beforo, the Summer closes Tove's rupture and love's glos 1" Oh peace | for in the garden ihers” 118 hows 1 raiment gay, Doiu kint, und with n courtly alr Treacull his fond Laugaot, Ono day in overy Roven, ‘Whilo churcli-bells noftly ring, The hl‘flu. silont heaven Toholds thie ssll-samo thing : Thoway old boy withiu the gate, i ‘v:!ll l’l‘h;l()llll ut hin kluulu = 1 4 Wisen Winter comen fa love too tate? 0 Gt fook smd waas 1° t00 Jat0? O talk not of lova's rapturs, Wiien ‘youthinl ovors kis : Wiiat wiortl afght may captare ‘Ahccrio 80 wwgut un Thin? Deaido hior now ho sits and glows, While prim sho eits, and prond, Tlion, spiactuoled 1pots Ly 1 Ttoada thio woek's nows alond Pute, with hd touch of passlon, Telo, with no lingo of pam; ' Thus, in swoet Babbuth-fasbion, Ty live their loves eyrain, Bho scos in b bappy boy- Buwlft, gglle, anidransoy o sces' (n her his own hoari’s Joyi Yoully, liope, love, vivified | Oantont thinre hio sits smnking . 1148 long Duteh pipn of woul; Gossplug oft dnc fokug, + Asd gny lurer shon And oft, whils thero in sompany “Thoy braile for lovod sweol ske, or wanfT-box hlack shio Jisnds, ud lio A grave, doep piuch doil take ! | “Thers, gravely fuvencacent, Tn kobor Babbath-joy, Mingling tho port und fresent, “Fhioy aif, & mufd and boy | ‘ # O, lova'la Iiko the rosos! "—No | it Tl shugor, conse Tove F““ in fivesldo 'aild tho snow, Aty puiokos Ll pipe of Jeace! —Robert Suchanan in (he Gentleuian's Magazine, THE FARM AND GARDEN. Furthor on the Subject 6f (ho Kcon omy of Farm=Lnhor~Sclling orn in the Jir v Shollcd=Valuo of Qobs for EFnelw-ilow Corn flolds Out in Bhipping~Shipplng to Markot—Tho Grassheppor—Cortifteato of Srunds ing Finanocinlly—fconmny of Irtire chnso~C'he Wonther, cte. - Treom Qur Agriculluval Corresnattdent, Ouanratay, Il Bopt. 3, 1874, Wo did hot fully oxhoust the subject of tho eoonomy of furm-labor last wook, and to-dsy take it up in rogard to tho BELLIXG OF COBN IN THE EAR. Boma time slnco I nad aceasion to ahin twwo onr- loads, and, in ordor £6 bo oxnet, tho figuros woro carofully arranged. A wefghbor, who Lad abont tho same timo rold the samo amount, dolivorod hin In the ear, the cont of which wan na follows : Eight hundred bashoels in the ear made twonty- four two-horas wagon-loads of 333¢ Imshels, or 2,308 poundsench, Itreguirediwotonmn twodays onch, or fonr days' worl, which, at €8 per day, woutld bo 812, The distanco wre loss than o mllo, otherwise the cost would hinve boon vastly moro, Inthe 800" bushels of corn ho hauled o littio ovor four tong of cobs, which be took off from the farm and turned over to the buyer, for tho purpose of gotting up steam. For fitel those coba aro worth,.ton for ton, ns much as common Tilinols coal, tho swinmoc-prico of Which, by the car-lond 1 at this point $3.60 por ton, Thia would male tho cobs worth $14. The nost item isnlosof welght of 8% pounds of cornon onch bushol, a8 66}4 pounds of corn fn tho oar mado 66 pounds of shellod corn. Ag the corn 80ld at 58 conts & bushol, this lows is §28. Wo now bring down the statoment as follows: Hauling.. Town of e Total cost of aolling corn in the exr, CONT O¥ SIELLING, Paldd for shellng. ,voves veveie Tyo dnya’ team-work, hanling. Three days’ shoveling to the shisfior, .. One dnyls work, toim .hauling cobs DONRO. 1 1seessove One day, iR icading cola o One day, man asslsting to oad at tho atation.... 150 . 20,60 Boing $1.60 leas than tho loss in woight on tho 800 bushold sold in tha car, As the man and driver who did the shelling had thoir dinnors and noon-fead for the teams, wo mpy oall that just avon, aud the profit 18 shown by four tons of cobs snug in {ho coal-honno, nil of thom ontir, not ono of thom brolan, and clean and drv. The average loads of car-corn contain not above 36 bushols, as. the wagon-hoxen will hold uno more; but it is common to haul 40 to 0 bushols of sholled corn to tho-load at tho snme. time, Tho two car-loads ware sold to ho wotgh- ed on my own gealos, and wore paid for accord- ingly, Tho amount was 813 bushols, and the wolrht in_ Chicngo was 811 bushals 4 pounds,— showing that, in this instnneo at loast, the CHIOAGO WARBHOUSEMEN WERE HONEST. Tho station-agent_at the dopot judgod thet about halt & bushel wan wnsted in'the process of loading, This loavos tho difforence in welghts rather. nominal. I bave inquired of a largo number of donlors iu regard to the short- age in Chicago, nnd thoy toll me that it nuns from 2 to 0 bushels to the aar, and vet, in this instance, two cars wore less thau a pack oach. om sntisfiod of this ocorrect- nens, as T weiched onch lond —myself, and had sli the odd pounds put in, which is not the cnea with dealors, as thoir practico in to throw in, in thoir favor, oll tho odd pounds abovo the tous, ‘the noxt day aftor londing thoso two cars, I Look twa wagon-loads to Clinmpnign. Ono of theno foll short of my woight 5 ponnds, aad the other overran 13 ‘lvoulldi,—-ml\klll)! AN oXxaess of 10 pounds on the two londs, It is possible that thers may ho dishonest woighors who buy Rrain, but it appoars to mo that the difforence is ot often in y 2 - THE CARELESS WRIGRING. Tatge numbors of the farmers bave good favin-scates, and woigh thoir stock and grain on theso, and it is again weighod nt the dopot; bnt thoso men (ell mo that the difference between the two in not materinl, and this has been my ox- pnrlonno for the past dozen yearsin which Ihave kapt large sealos for tho purpose. The warchoukomon of Chicago cannot afford to give aliort weights, for it injures their roputa- tion 1 nud, of lato yorrs, thoro Lma no donbt Loon a better practica in rogard to tlns mattor. An » general thing, the dealora along the lins of road spout the corn into tho ears without woigh- ing, filling the car Ly measura, and this may vary in accordance with tho caro of tho mensuremont, It requires caro Lo keop the scalos balanced and to talko off tho oxact woight, aud no ather than o vainataking, ferran shounld havo charge of this part of handling grain, I'armers are prokty cor- trin to form an opinion ns to the true weight, as they Jinow how full to fill tho wagon-bed in order to make tho givon quautity, and snspicions of injustico sond thom .to somo other denlor. 1 hayo known denlers to dischargoe weighers for careloasnoss in ths rospoct, and I doubt if n regular denler can bo found who babitually chieats tn woight. I mean by this tholocal dealer, 1ot thoso who drop down for a time, buy & hna- dred or #o car-londs, and aro off. I should not want these men to woigh grain forme; in short, they sre grain-nealpory, nov doalors. It is thoro mon who have given the grain-trado n bad repu- tation. SHIPPING TO MARKET. At prfi:ant tho dealors at local stations, and cs- pecially®at all compoting poruls, can pay mora for grainthan ib will net to ehip to Clicago or Now York. The fallecy of the lattor market I presentod by facts and figareslnst wintor, nud Iwill now rofor 0 two cars of corn in question. 'I'hio freight on the 811 bushols at regular rates would be %73.80; but the cars were billed n¢ 20,000 pounds oncb, and no correction made at Chicago, at least so I aw infornied, which loaves to tho doaler a mattar of $8.75in tho_excess of froight not charged. Thia way have been au_ovorsight, but it is ona that i protty constantly oceursing, and slways in tho Interost of tho donlor. Tho causo of it is somowhoro, aud will bo so located for oll time, or wuntil tho stocklolders tako thn managewmen} of the roads into their own fHands. It {8 theso things that enablo dealors to hid against each other, and in which the {armer often seceivos & full sliare of the differouce. To take & new st of dualers direct from tho farmy, with little or no exparionco_in these matters, os the Giangers proposud to do, but which better cotingols linvo checked for the time being, would not bave worked’ smoothly. e moral of sll this is, to shell the corn bo- fore solling, and to soll (o the local denler, unloss :here i somio most excolont ronson for the con- rary. IHE HATEFUL GRASSIOYIER, Canuoxpaty, Til, Aug, 78, 1874, Mn, “RunAt"—Sm: JTu Tre Taisuxs of the 10th {ust., 1 spesklug of tho © hatafnl gravloprer.” you ¥y o Wo thus sco that theeo raiids of tha hatoful Evinshoppor afllict tho mme locality two seasons,~tho season in whicl the full-grown inkocts arrive, and eat most voraclously, and luy thelr eggy ; and the following season, When the egsaro hatchod, 'aud tho juscel in Tily matuted for f1ght, sk in WACh they also don yagk amoun of damnyge,” And farther alon yot ssy & @ I'hg people of thy stricfen districts need uot foar o return of thieir cnemics unxt yoar,” ote, Novw, there soéins to m ta bo a (iacrepancy In slato- ments on a vital pofut; Irenco tho necesslty or muking 1t clear o the coramon roader, Tecling suro that %nu avill make the correction (if any I8 needed) fu # Tho Furti sud Garden,” T offer the mportancd of 3 eloar unclorstunding of the matter, os an apology for presumingj to eriticise, Yours truly, YamMER, If “Farmeér” had read carofully, ho would liava mot the stmoniont that those sccond- year hoppers did not breod, but disappenrod toward tho sonthoast nfter tholr wings wora grown, and faded away never to roturn. Mr, Walsh'gayo it as bis opindon that this grashop. or could only make ome Mlight from his na- ive home, nud that ono of less than 600 milon; and that tho ivmects brod in tho low 1ands were incapable, from sonie cause, of aynin propagating thoir spccios, and that furthor colo- niat of the Loppers musi; coms from the moun- tains and bo coniined to the samo rauge of ilight. The facts appoay to bear this out, for, sincc 1820, wuch lns boon tha bistory' of this torrible scourgs of tlo countries within ARelr rangs, This is .also the history of the same family tunt como down on tha plaine in the time of Moses, aud han ropentod its history up to the presont timo, It s wall that this js so, for othorwise tho great pruirlo could not atand thoir aununl visits, 1t also uppears that this grasshoppor does not “leave the mountaln-canons: evory yonr, ‘only nb unéqual poriods, und that | they do not eproad over mll tho tertitory within “thoir ronch, but go In the di- | rectlon of tho wind prevailing: at tho pime, which may_brinjs thom to” Minnesofa, Dakota, Nobris- | ka, Towa, or Kansas, aud ‘ocensionnlly ta: Nogth= orn Toxas, Alloatr,ull thess places Iinve' long = torvaly of ihoir abwonoo, On the otlor huud, the commion red-legged graushoppor iy wi- wveya with us, and “only boecomes dambging | under vory favorablo canditions such an long perlods of drought, ‘Thix is duw in part: to the nbacico of the birds, us they lo\vo'tho droughty placos, and only rotnrn ofter the! usual Taing oc- ‘our. Io number of thaso inseots that ara do wiroyall by onr domestlo fowlu lsiso vory luryo. Birds und fowls are the grost anomics of Wiy olnsm of fnscotn; and,ng the Wastorn plal inorono . thio - shaltar . for. tho. birde’ i a3 amall farms aboind, aud, with them, the nutnber of anr domestic fowla—nn theie incrohae, A0 wrifl'he the romedy in thly-vaze. Of conrso: this will roquiro'long yentas but, nn the years 1hovo on, wa phall soo tho progross. In many instances culburo incroases Lin inacet triboa wud'makos thom yetmiore deatrnetlve, and 310 miun rosor to artifical memis to-1ensah thele numbors ; but, with this, or rather tho two red-logged mpoclos under notice, we cau moet thiem In tho natural way, When'in Esty's Dark, in Colorado, fomo’vosrs sinco, Biir trolling ‘pacpla_complalsied that thy 1ish did not bito s aharp as. thay ol and thoir srtiflial flion appancod-to hnvo no attrhce tion. “Baib with grosshoppors” mald Mr. Tivaua; “don't yon #oo how tho hoppers sro Jumping into tho nirenm, and lh'n‘l.ruug leap for - thom ; halt with tho lioppers, anil yon wiil chtoli tho fish, The rivion was taiten, and oro young Indy oaptured twenty-oight fish in thoafternoon; ani some of the gontlemen did very well; but T suspoot (st thoy hnd fo copture thoir own Rrasshoypdrs, In“theio motuiain-strodms tito grasshoppors are the main food of: thy troit. For somo roanon, Nnturo s glvon the hoppors great powors ofiincroaso In (s mountsin-canons, but deniod it to them. on tho pinins, othorwiss thoy might makoit o barren waste, . cnnm‘muun"’ it 'r‘Amer,li 7 ar%t.m‘ 0orsTowN, IIL, Aug, 20, 1634); B, 4 Rumass "fin & All tho Ganvashers. Hist. nave Soma this oy of lule, wien they takaan ordor for & farm windmill, sowitig-machino, or siniilar gdods;. des, ‘mami it it Tarmer sign (e otlowiiiy corlificats :. * For dlie purposo of obiaiuing oredity cerliry that owns in own nimo acreataf! land, with aceen fmprovod, WOrlh $— ore sllinenmbrances, —— own $— worth of perdonal property over and abovorall indebtedness,”” ® - What s tho particular uso of tls yayer ? i : A.BtoNRz.. Thoe.point ia, thint the signer gunrantecs.. that, at tho timo, Lo ia goad for tiwo-dobt, aud, falling, Iu thiv, bocomes n criminal, and s’ liablo- to bo* gsont to tha Ponitontiary for nat less than s yoar, for obtaining gobds: under false protenses. A- Lotter way it {6 dons he has dono. boforo,—da: without the goods until the monay lu ready, sud thon the smne gumls mn{ bo purchased at.20 to 90 per cent Joss, nud all this'tronble’ i avoded, It you want nsowing-macliine, lot your wifo wait | n your and o nlong us-boforo, and ot put. her. busband in ey unplensaut: position, snd. in the end mako the machine cost him two pricos. Ono of 'my neighbora took thia couro, and » fow wooks ainco prosonted bis wifo with n flrst-class machine - for 837.50, while anothor has just paid hiu noto, given a yoar ago, forfin no bolter machine, at 83, and to, do this . part of. tho mouoy bad fo bo borrowod: Thoro is an TCONOMY OF PUROIASE 8 woll 48 an economy of labor, that must hava: the atteution of the farmor. Tho purchnsin powor of o farmer’s note is about ong-half*thal of ready cnsli; and, no long as Lo makes uso of- it, 80 long ia ho 'tha subject of tho wicked: monopolist. Fow farmors fall to' meot wotos ihat hayo such momoranda attached tlieroto, but many times nt grent sacrifica; and no truo wife will consent-that. hor hnsband shall sign such a paper for tho purposo of giving lor & sewing- machine, & buggy, organ, or & farm ywindmill for puqirln;;, or a new reapar for himsolf. A littlo atteotion to theso matiors will make no mall difforonce in tho yenr's result. <'ha othier day n bankar told mo that lia kold 2 largo number of theto farmors’ notes, with cortifieates atiached, and that ho considered them.the best kind of sccuxity. In this caso thoy were givan for sewing-machines, and the sgont (?) borcowed money oir them, and’ paid_cash in hand for tha machines, getting a large discount,—muceh larger thian lie paid for the use of the monoy. And for casls in Liand ho made kalos on private torms most nstonishingly low; Dilling the goods at tho usual prico, but taking a much smalior sum. THE WEATHER, EIC, On Saturday, tho 20th, just o weok from the Inat rainestorm, wo had ohother rwny day, bk will be ot valuo to tho Inte-maturing crops and the pastures. Many farmors sow grass-sosd at this season, and for thiy theso rains aro very timoly, 'Tho late potatoes aro doing quite faltly, and, thonfh tho crop will "not bo largo, ' yob it will bo largely in advanco of expectation two weoks ago. Tho Poachblow potatoes, that Lad remained the sizs of roblug’ ogga for ‘weoks, during the past weok bave advanced to theslzo of bLons' eggs. 8 corn is largor and bottor filled than anticipated. T is always the caso in_droughty yoars that the cropg pun out bottor than Pmfllctov.l. and it ia your real wob yoara that bring great disappoint- ment, for then wo are deceived by an ovorgrowth of folinge aud n want of grain. In thia county the corn-crop 8 very much bottor than that ot last year, Qho wheat hus been good, while the ont-crop was rathor light. On the whole, wa Tavo no great roason to complain. Wa have had good weather in which to do tho work, and then ;hetrowds havo beon good, and prices quite eatls. actory. £t 18 cerfain that farming hos patd as woll na tho averago of othor busincss, and the man who Mstens to tho croakers should attond the coming Btato or County Fairs, and soo the costly, if mot well drossed rural population on theso occasions, and thoy will banish all foars a8 rogards the pay- ing part of tho farm. Ile may concludo that the outlag is uot always the most judiclous, but ko will novor suspect thom of boing panpers. Our farmers, for the most part, have Nght apring-wagons for marlket, visiting, and chuych, whilo fow are so poor that thoy do not ownz top-buggy. Then tho sewing-machines, carpots, sofas, organs, and melodeons, that may be scon in their Lousces, aro ovideucs of thrift, especially sehon wo call to mind that most of them hava been purchased on a crodit basis, aud cost doubla what thoy onght to hiave dono, It boglns to loal out that a great part of the causo of the hord times way dus £o us farmors in golting soma of thaso good things a triflo in ade vance of our ability to pay for them; but, thanks to n kind Providonco, ‘‘that always tompors tho wind to the shorn lamb," tho good pricos and fuir crops, together. with & disposition to keep ont of dobt, Liave all coma to our ard, and a8 farmers we may begin to hold up our hoads, and olaim o fair standing among other clusscs, Evon the middlomon and monop- olints aro littlo, if nny, bottor of to-day than are wo, the tillers of tho soil. Wo now ontor Soptombor, tha cornucopia ot the formor months, when wo aro loss pressed with hard work, end wo sco the rosult of out labors. 'Thto orohard is mow givingeus of ita Tounty ail nt it can dv from tho crippled con- dition'that tho past hard winter will pormit. The women are talking of ‘apple-buttor, dried applos, and applo-sance; while os and the crab-npplos ave going inte jars, and tho late cu. cumbers, thanks to the big showors, ara not for- goltou, Soptembor is traly & groat and a good month. It is also tho birthday of TILE FARS AND GARDEN, which has clvonicled tho progross of rural affaivs for tho past twenty-two yoars. Tonay e Audubon. A littlo incident rolated in tho * Life of Audu- bon,” tho celobraled naturalist, forcibly illus. tratos the patient, porsistent, painstaking man- ner in which men of Scienco, a8 well as mon of T.ettors, proscouto thoir investigntionn, It waw whiloe Audubon was hunting in the forosts of Touisinng that bo discovered a tiny littls wood« Dbird hitherto unknown to tho ornithologist. It was not 80 big as a wren, and was clad in a coat of such plain, sobor gray, that nono but prace ticod oyes would detect it fitting in and out awong the similar oolored branoles of the po- cullar specios of troos It inbabited, But, howovor Lumblo the bird might bo, to Audubon it was one of tho charming and curious raco of belnge that intorestod him above all ofhor liv- ing things, and o ascortain its histos ry aud habits wus o mattor of ms mnch importunce s thongh 6 woro chiof of tha tribo, He, thereforo, bont every eucrzy of his intenso and engor natire to tho study of it. Ono night ho came homo with the oxciting nows that he had found n pair which woro evidontly pre- paring to build s nost, . Noxt moruing he was up and off to the woods by daybrenk, taking along with him a teloscopio nileroscope. Eroutin[i thin under tho tros that sheltered tho almost nvisiblo littlo crontuves ho was suxious to observe, ho mado himsolf & pil- low of 1oss, and then 'lnld'qulasly down on tho ground, with his oyo to the inatrument, and ro- mined throughout 1ho live-long houra until uightfall, walching tho movononts of tha scorok and unsuspecting architocts, ‘T'hia conrse ho ro- veated. day after dny, for - threo weoks, ‘without, roepite or l'n[nrmlsulnn, and then e was ‘able to toll, with minuto nnd acourate dotail, just what materiol these bulldors in ‘the besrt of tho wild wood clooss for tholr dwall. inging ‘]uni liow they put It togethor, and the num- Dor of days required to comploto the process‘of Inoubation, In short, by this noisoless, solitary, tirolona vigilanco, ho bnd gutherod up all {ho v] rious chaptery in tho history of this namoless forost-inhabitant, and bound thom togothoy in o camplote aud unique volme. 1t was thus that Autubon mado hiinsolf acquaintod with the po- cullar und chavactovistio tealts of the birds ot Aworiea, and eamo to know thom aa ho know the Fucos ol his wife and childron, and could draw cuoh ono of thom in tho most natural and lifo- Adiko attitudo, with ovory spot of color aud ad. Juatment of fonthor exnotly an it should bo, aud ‘slways with the sccompanimont of some Hpray of plant or brank of troo, that, growing nenr it tayorito auuts, was cspocinlly idontutlod ywith it,