Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 22, 1874, Page 9

'LITERATURE. Thackerny and Dickons, BRYC-A-DRAG BENIES, ANECDOTE-BIOGRAPIIES OF TIIAOKLRAY AND DIOKENS, Kdlted by Biemann Uexny STopnakn, Squnre 14mo, . m Prico$1.80, Now York: Seribner, Armafrong Boforo oponing this volumo one must paues to @njoy thoe quaint, rioh cover, which succosstully combinea tho chaste, tho curlous, and tho artis- tioin design. One {s tompled to approprinta tno book simply to keopit, “*a thing of beauty,” Islug in slght of the oyo. Yot not for thacover alono ia tho book worth keoping. Tho publigh- ers havo oxcoutod sn oxceedingly pretly work, but thoweditor has done as woll. Good judgment and rofined tasto have governed his choico'of papors, and ho has gathored togother some of the pleasantoat illuatrations of tho character of $he two chiof novelists of tho ago that havo been presorvod tous. Tho sketohes of Thaokoray aro in ovory casa from tho haud of peraonal fricnds, who have drawn their ancedotes and accounts from momory, Their testimony is unsoimons 1in love and honorof tho great-souledand tondor- hoartodautbor of **Vanity Falr" and tho ** Yollow- plush Papors,” Hia strong, symmotrioal, solf- posed nature commanded the genuine rospect aa ‘woll 08 rogard of thoso who know him, Thoro was no donbt in any mind that Thockeray was ono of Nasturc's noblemon or gentlomen, no mat- tor whore lio bapponed to stand on the socin! or intolleotual platform, His Iostinets wero over generous, and bis motiveshigh and pure, Much 18 his gonlus was admired, tho man was admired st moro. It was felt that, Lehind his books, thero stood a storling ' character ; and character i8 moro imposing—tella moro loudly in the end— than talont, Two or three anecdotes from tho collection, showing Thackeray's Lumor, and penotration, and kinduees, will not be unwolcomo here, though they may bave como uuder the eyo of tho reader bofore. ~ A good thing will bear to bo xopeated. Inalester to Mr. Houry Reed, of New York, Thackoray writes : Tho European Continent mwarms witls your peoplo, Thoy s tot ol »a polieled s Chesterfield, 1 wish some of thom spoko French a littls botter, 1aww ivo of them ot suppor at Baalo tho other night, with thelr Xknives down thefr throats, It wan awfull *My daugh- ter bow it,and I waz obliged tosay, * My dear, your nml:flfnll-ur-ndumdmr, one of tie fineas ludics of tho ald achool T over aaw, always appiled steel to it wit= tles, Tiano erimo to oat with o kuifoi® whieh s ull Vory well, but T wish five of ’éw at a tino wouldn't, The suthor of **Somo Recollectious of Thack- eray " naye of him ¢ 1t in doubtful whethor thoso who know him beat and longest could mako out & list of his bon-mots which | would bour rapeating but ho could always say o thing muflicientiy good for the occasion, oud In & mater whic: ot 4t off to sdyantage, Bilng challengod by & ludy for o rhyme to lintment, o repiled fumedict 1y, Wit a referoncs 10 1ho customary pbysician's foo Kuglane When the dostor wries for liaimont, Thiors 15 nothing Lut & Kuinok weant, He dofined the difference botweon Shnlepears and an ordiuary miod 18 a differenco i the length of two muggols, But much of hls ight talk was luteuded, ot ko wuch to conceal au to keep down, a scusibility amounting sinost to womaulinoss, which belonged fo nature, aud which contrusted=—one might aimost #ay, strugglod—with the manlinces which was cqually cluractoristic, He could not1ead snyihing pathetic without aotusl dfscomfort, und was un bio, for ex~ ample, to_go through with “ The birido of Lamuior- amoor.” Ilave hiourd Lhn alludo to oo early sor- xows, capeciully the lovs of a child, in & way which showed how sburp aud painful was the recollection wflor the lepee of many years, That Lo could aymps- thizo warmly with others, 1 infer from much ibat I havo beard. His woll-known wenaltivenens sprung, porhap, from tho same oot as Lis sousibllity, 1 ko Thuckery,” cn English critio once sald fu my hoar~ 1ug, “but I cannot zespect Uim,—le 15 20 souslilye.” But Lfs acnsitiveness mado hursh things distasteful to Lim oven when ho was not himself 1o objoct of them, #You flond {" aaid ho toa {riend who was Isughing over sharp Attack on an acquaintunce of botli, and wefused (o Lear or read of it Dickens sald of T'hackeray, in his *In Memo- riom,” published in the Cornhill Magazine : * He bhad wrflefilu‘ dolight {n boys, and un excallent vy with tlem, I roweinber his onco asking me, with fantastic gravity, whon he liad bern to Eaton, where my eldest son_ then was, whethor I felt ss Lo didin regard of nover scelug o boy without yauting 1nstantly 10 aive bim a soverclm 7 T thought'uf thly when 1 jooked dawn §nto Lis grave, after Le wan laid tbero, for I looked down duto it over thashoulder of & boy to whiom ke had been kind, u A comment which Thackeray once made upon Dickens is valuable, a8 It shows somewhat the private estimation in which ho beld that author: Our Liost bad introducod the subjoct by saying, after somo cousuye of that popularuoveliut's oxtravaguncios, * Byt I like Dickens perwonally ; hois 80 geltal m frauk.” *Genlal—yes,"” wad the roply ; * but frauk " aud s twinkle came from over tho upectacle—" w feauk as an oyster,” ¥ Dickens,” Le said aflorward apropos of some remarks on literary genius, ¢ 18 ing £10,000 & year, e s very angry at mo for saying 0, Dut T 1ot say it, for it is truo, 1o docen't likene Tio knows that my books are & protost ogainat b hint, i€ tha ouesctaro true, the othior muat be false, But' Plekwick’ la su_oxcoption 1t s a capital ook, Tt i lke glase’ of good Luglish ale. I wikh I had it %0 read before going to bed o-night! Aud ho mado an fnoudible motivn with hie lips, as if tasting tho Beverago bio had mexlioned. - And yot Thackoray was generous in hia praise of Dickena as of othor writars, and once ex- claimed, in the presonca of wevaral fijends, while ronding ** Domboy and Son,” with great delight, *There's no witing against such power aa thia; one has no chance | - Koad that chapter dosctib- ing young Paul’s doath; it is uneurpaseod—it is stupendous ™ As, in accordance with the expressed wish of Thackeray, 8nd alio with tho wishes of his danghters, thero will probubly be no biography written of him, this little “colloction of stray recollcctions and memorials will ba tho more rateful to thoso who have loved him through ig books. Tho space roserved for Dickens is but half that devoted to ‘Thackeray, for his lifo hat vo 1latoly been finishod by Forater, and 8o much has ‘beon said of mm by miscollanooun wiiters, that little in left that is fresh for tho gratification of the rosder. As in tho case of Thackeray, how- evar, wo oxtract a fow of the mont striking inci- dents from the bundlenow presouted, Blanchard Jorrold relates: ‘When Ada, Lady Lovelace, was dylng, and suffering tho tortures of a slow, futernal discase, sho expressed o craving to eo Ohntlos Dickous, sud talk with bim, o went to her, and found o mourning houss. The Tady was ucated upon & couch, heroicully enduring her sgony. Too appearance. of 'Dickens’ earnost, wym. yitbotia foce’ was immodiato relief, Bboasked bim Whoflier tho atfondant Lad 1oft w Lasin of ice anda apoon. She had, *Thea givo me somo now and then, sud don't noifce me when I crush it botwoen my teeth ; 4t soothes my pain, and—wo can talk, The womauly tendorness, tho wholiness, with which Dickens would enter into the delicacies of sich a situn- tion, will riee instantly to the mind of all who knew lim, That he wai at tho same moment the moat carc- ful of nursos, aud tho most sympathetic and austain- 1ug of comfotlere, who can doubli? % Do you over yray 27 tho poor Jady asked. * Every moraing and ovening, was Dickens' reply, i that Fich, soriorous volce witich crowds happiiy cun Tomern- bar ] but of which thoy can Lest understand all the eloquonca who kuew liow simpla and dovout loe was when Lo spoke of sacred things,—of sutiering, of wrong, or of misfortune. b J. Young.furnisbes the following : Whilo I write, I sm remindsd of an anecdote which sliows in a vory strong light the extraordinary sway ho excreiuca over the learts of those “unuted 10l Tuelting mood.” Mrs, Henry Biddons, a neighbor snd futhinate friend of tho late Lord Joliroy, who Liad froa censo to enter his house stall bours unannounced, and come and go when she listed, opened bis librarys \Qoor ono day very gently to look If Lia was there, azid maw enough at & glinee to couvince ber thut ber visit was {ll-timed, The hard crhio of the Edinbury wus mitting i his chafr, with his buad on the lable, 10 deop grief. As Mrs, Blddons wua dolicstely rotifing in o hope that bLer entranco hod beon uuno- ticed, Joftrey ralsod ¥ Lig head, and kindly bockoned hier back, Percaiving (hat hiy cheok woa lusbiod and hig eyes suffused with tears, sho spolo- gized for bor futruslou, and eyged vorolistun to withdraw, When bie found that ulio was werluusly in- tending to leavo iim, e rose fiom his cbofr, ook ‘ot hior hauds, and jead hor {0 o seat, ‘Lord Jegrey (log,)—" Don't go, my dear friond, I abatl be Fight wigali fn anather minute.!” ‘Alrs. M, Siddona—* I had uo jdea that you hed had any Lad news or causo for grief, or T would uot have coime, I8 any one doad 7" “Lord Jeffrey—** Yes, indeod, I'm s great gooso to havo given w:&:n 3 but T conld not helpit, You'll be worry 1o hoar ihat Lattlo Moily—Boss Littls Nelly—is ¢ oad. Thefact was, Jeffroy had just recslvod tha last numbar then out of *Tho OId Curiosity-Bhiop,* and bad been thoroughly overcomo by its pathos, Tho author of & puper of ‘““Reminiscences of Dickens," coutribucad uriginally to the English- man's Magazine, noriates a history of hor uxpe- riouce wnfl him, which refleots strongly upon his courtesy and mouliness, ‘Lha lsdy wey have boon nfluenced by pique in ber recitsl of the circumstancod, and yet an airof entiro candor pervades tho story which compols u to give somo walght to it. * The acquaintanco botweon Dickens aud the writer, who was then a young irl, began as Broaduia) - placo of resort on hio sea-Hliora ¢ . Evory doy (shoanys) waa spent by onr family and Ihe Dickensos tugother, vithor doing the usual aua-ulle rocroationo, or at uach 'other's Louses, In the fumil= jarity which such friendly association cagendsrs, we got up ridiculous relutions to each othvr, 1o protond= 3 to be eugaged In » somi-soutiniontal, somi-jooulsr, wnd wholly-uonsengicol lirtation with me, as wel lag with Aiily T,~ono of my frieuls, & charming wornn of ¥ cartaiu gy, aud wo o our sido acted mutusl Jesls dusy of each oblier ; und Mra, Clurlw Dickeus entured tnto the fun witl grout gusto sud good.liumar. Ay end Milly be callod Liu * cliurmar,” ¥ the beloyod of 4 dout (¥ and T was his “falr ouaiaver™ wnd bis Wa ganerally sddruased sachi othier i the N quean.! old Zaglish atyle of ouptiniam, and ho would axk us to | dance in sitch bombastio nonscnse a8 : WHLL troad & measure with me, awest lady? Faln would T thirend the mazes of thiz saraband with thee 2" 4 Aye, fulr alr, that will T right gladly; in good sooth Tl ever sy theo nay,” Tnecd nol aay (bt tho sintely aud courlly gravity qrith whioh wo ¢ trod our moaanro” wan (ruly adify~ fug; and the spectators woro conviilaed ut the wonder- ful I Turvoydrop™ deporiment of Mr, Diokeus, aud thie StalvoHic-Miko coticelt lio contrived o call into hin countenance, Ono night o parky wers on the beach, Iniulging in a gala of merriment, wien Diokons Acced andionly 0 bo porseascd with the demon of michilof; ho throw his arm around me, and ran mo down the Snclliiod pianoto the ewd of ho foity, tlt wo resched tho tall Tost, Tlo put his otlier arm sround thls, aud exclalm-~ o 47 theatrical tones that ho intonded to hold mo there till * the asd soa-wavea " should aubmeorge us, ACThink of tho sousation we sball create } Thik of tho foad to colobrity which you aro nbout totread | no, 1ot oxactly to tread, but to flonnder into 1 Yoro 1 implored him 1o lob mo go, And strogRled hard to rolease mysolf, “ Let yonr mind dwoll on the colnnnia in tho Times ‘wherein will bo vividly deacribed tho patbotic fate of tho lovely E. ., drowned by Dickens in o fit_of do- moutia I' Dou struggle, litlo bird : you ara powor- Teas i tho clawa of aiich o kito na this chlld{" Tty this time tho gleam of lfght hnd fated out, and 10 wator clore to un lonked uncomfortably iack, Tho tido wus coming up rapidly and surged svor my foet. 1 gavenlond Riiriok, and riod to Lring bim back to comimon senwo by rominding him that ¥y dress, 71y Vot drers sy only sl drean, would bo rulued, Eyen thia ciiniaz i1d not soften bfm bo still went o with his somi-cowmlc nonsenso, shaking with laugliter all tho tfme, aud panting with his strugglos to old e, 4 M, Dickenai#—s frantlo shrick (bla time, for now tho waves rushod up to my knoon 3 Liolp'mo | Mako Mr. Dickens let o go—tho waves aro up tomy nees Chales® eafd Mra, Dichens, echiofiig my wild scream, *how can you bo go sllly? You will both ba carelod o by tho iidon (ragieay it tmediatoly sinking from psthion 4o bathos), * and yowll spoll thie poor giri's dress " “Whren " cried Dickons with withering scorn, 4 Tylk 1ot to m of dreas ) When tho pall of night da enshironding us 48 Cimmerinn darknets, whon we nl= Foady atand on thio brink of tho great mystory, shall our thoughts bo of fiesby Yauities? Am I not fhumo~ Jatlug & brand-now pair of patent losthors, stiil vipsta for1® Derisls suck low-bora thouglite, In thin hour of abandonment o the volce of deailny, shall we bo hudd back by tho pucrilitics of sfiken raimont? Shall faathier or pruuclia (whntover it may bo) stop tho bolt of Fate 7"—wiih & sidden parenthetfesl sinking from Dombast o famnilinr scconts, and back sain, "At thia point 1 succeeded m wrosting mysclf froe, andt acamipered 1o my fricnds, almost crying With vexi~ tion,—my onsy allk dress clivging clatifly round s, and streaming with elt waier, My chaperone, Mra, 8,, recelved mo with unjust soverity, evidentty {hink= inj T could havo got away If T had chosen, * oun homo at once,” sho eaid mnjestically, ana tako off your wet {hings ; I am surpriscd at you,” ‘During this wreatiingmatch between us, o1 cannot deneribe tho rioulonn offect produced by hie “ mauthe fng ” in tho Ecelos vein, with now nnd then & quick descont into comicality,—the contrast bebweou ths stiitified lungusge and ihe garping strugales caused by my efforts to get free, hiu suppressed chitcklos at my dizmay, my wild appeals, sud the expostulstions of his wifo aind the rest, who stood by, like the chorus in a @roek play, powcrless to help, I wont Off, eacorted by Fredorick Dickens, after boariug Mra, harles say ¢ 41t waa too bad for you, Charles; remomber poor E, cannot afford to havo ber dress destroyed. Of ‘course you'll give hor auother 27 * Never I” vus tho roply. “Ihave sacrificed her finery_and my boots to the infornsl gods, Kinset | All §4 finishied | Enreks ! etc., etc, ; and now 1 go to g mygelr Uack 1u the fads getitng o 1y padal covera 1" Dickens was rathor rockions In his fun rometimea, and iy wsrdrobe suffered wofully {n consequence. “Lucrs wag s ort of promontory stretching oit into ihio on, whore, in Tough weather, the waves used to rusls up soveral foct, stid como splasuing dovwn like shower-bath. O two occasions when I thoughtiessly venfured near tlis apot, ho sclzed mo and rushed mo nolens volens, right under ke cataract, to the rretriov- able ruin of two bonnets of frall fabric, and my slander puree was taxed o the utmout ta replace them, Fuithor on thelady atates: My fatlicr wap & Scotch author of conslderablo rep- utatlon, ‘aud bad died suddunly, st Uin ago of 43, of apoplexy : when I was 12 vears old I lent Mrs. Dickens somo voliimen of bis writings about Wis time, and sho exprossed to mo how dolighied ahe was in tholr peru- fal, y prescnco she atked Mr. Dickons to road them, Ho looked bis diataste at tlio idcs, and, When 4o prossed bim “ Just {0 1esd ono tale,—tich & beatls tifuliy writton ono, and vory ahort,” o turned omil walked off abruptly, muttering, “1 hiate Scatch storive, and everything olso Hcotch.” 'T thought thia was very nkind 0 L wifo 58 woll &8 40 mo, a8 alio was Seotell 100, o colored up, but laughed it off, On tho roturn of tho partios to London aftor these weeks of unbrolion intimacy, the young lody found hor rolations with Dickona totally uud wozplionbly changod. ; ‘Alga ! [lie writes) we Liovar 1oet again fn_the same landly way, Bverything wes changed. When the Dickenees ame home, we went to Junchicon then, and 1 remarked bow preociupled ho looked, how chunged in munuer, Mru, 8., who kuew him botter than 1 did, was qulte preparcd 1o find him differont in London Trom whint bie waa 1n Droadstars, Lut T was vory dle- ur\mlnlnl. 1 seldow saw him after this, as he was always full of cngugoments ; but Mra, Dickns I often 1net at my friend's bouse, § wont one evening futend- ngto spend §t with them, and fonnd Afrs. 8, sud Miity dreseing to go to s small charade-parly of tho Dickenewd', Milly imrediately rmpolnd to tuko mo wiih them : but Mrs, B, asld, looking puzzied snd un~ certain, (hat shie feared Mr, Dickens. might think it » Hberty ! *1f it wus anybody clse but Charles Dick- eny, 1 should not hesitate su fnstant, but he fsso odd 1 Ous pever kuows how he migt'take s thing, Al- thougl 1am Lie dughtes’s godmotlior, and we are sueh fidends, I cannot do (t.” . Mis, 8, ulentioned to Mrs, Dickens how_greatly it would bo to my advantego é\wlnx & young ariist sirumyting inlo notice, and helping o Bupport my mothor und sister) if Mr, Dickenw would st to me for D Ukenens, With that roudy good-heartednes which T always foind ju_Ler, sbo immediately offeved to sit firat herself, as an juducement to him, which sho kind- Jydjd, Bie wished it kept secret from Mr, Dickens, 8 shie proponed o give it to him ea o birthday-gitt, I Vellove, Tle portrait was nearly completed, and all who saw it thoight it an oxcollont ikeneas; it was ar- rauged that I should bring it myeelf, in caus Lo might suggest any ulteration, Accordingly T wont o Dovon- shira Torrice in a cab, with my pieture, but found Mr, and Mrs, Dlckons were out, but weio momentatlly ox= pected, 1wes shown into the dinjng-room, anud re- ‘quosted by the domestio 10 wait, o4 Ales, Dickens ex- pocied me, Tiso cloth was lsid, either for dinner or Juncheou, I waitod for sn liour, and at lust I heard tho carrlago draw up to the door, Mrs. Dickens came to me with her il Kiss, aud +8o forry for keoplug you watl- log* It was roinlug fast, sud ler thiv boots wera web with onjy walking frou thio carriage, 80 sho ook thiein off then aud thero, aud, fancyiug 1 was in o stato of suspense, she would ot Walt for Lur stippers, but went Biraight dnto tho lbrary to Alr, Dickens with tho portrait in hior hand, - Notwithstanding fhio closed door, and that T eat fax from it at the firo, I could Liear the toncs of their yolous, Ara, Dickoia® expostulatory, Mr. Dickeus’ smperaiive. ‘At jast whe yelurned, iooking Surred, but (rying to put the best faco on the matter, She mado opologles for Lim: #That Gie woanot very well, and tired, Sho hopod I would exeuso hlus ot being nble to eco e, 1 futtered out, *“ Doeabia not liko tho portrait 7, “150 boa not Hnd timo to look at it progerly, Of course lie will think it liko, ~You mustw't mifud, " dear, ‘but, ta toll e trath, ho x'a littlo grumpy Just uow, Dut'ft will bo all right presontiy, You knowa mau is alwayd crosa whien e has Leou kot willout hia diue ner. Won't you atay?* She added besitatingly, and in such 8 tofio that 1 knew sl Was aratid L miglit, T dou't know what [ anawored. 1 waa thocoughly cut up, and wanted to have s “good cry,” I Lroke from hior ovent while alio was kixsing me and telling mo she would writs and lot mo kuow liow Lo Hked t: alio aliil into my hand a folded plece of groan puper, whick T know wua & cheek, and which 1 purposcly dropped as 1 assod into the hall, 8lio cawne nfter me, looking vory voxod, and put it in my reticule, sayiug, ©¥or my aake!” 'Glad to got out of tho houke, 1 diit ot stay ta discuss tho poiut, Dut almost ran 'tuto the ralu, Tound il coruer found au ewpty eab, nud fn'it Terled to wy bearts content all tlio way home, I uever cromed his threshold again, Whother it waa seally that Mr, Dickons was hungry und crosa; or whatlier ho was sunoyed with Mry, Dickeus or having her portrait dono without his knowledgo; or whathor 1t was because be did ot lke tlse pleture, Lnover could discoyer, “ Ils was 50 odd," veus the onily expression L aver received from tho aev- gl mubual ¥ frlends to whora 1 meatioued e af- 3 i fi},llltll’lltl)ll;sfil Elistory of France. POPUL: TOLY OF FRANCE, A ERLIENE UHMES, Dy S Qusscr, Adihor of rho Mintory of Civillzution in Europs,” ote., eta, Teomaiated by Homsst Deack My A o Vol 1o i 1%, Sbaln s ette b Eagbist, o 010 Vob Lo ‘I'he namo of Guizot standing upon avy title- Ppago is sulticlent sswurauce thab the work so guaranteed ranke smong the firat of its class. ‘I'ho proof of thia Lad becn tao many times be- fore the world to need further veritieation. The history of Franco hias beon so long tho study of Guizot, snd so often under treatment by him in various aspects nud in difforent periods, thas it might be supposed that ko would now have to take ponapd popor in bavd and draw from ‘momory alone, to writo out the detalls ina flow- ing nurrative connecting the remotost dato to the prosont hour, From the proface introducing the work bofore us, Wo ara lod to wfer that it originntodiua vorios of Lilstorio tales which tho author related for tuo {natruction and entertainment of hls grand- childron, and that b was guided in shapiug tho. method of his narration by its oftuot wpon their minds, Bolleving that tho intellect of o Lright ancl earnest ahild ia susceptiblo to tho same - pressions ns the mind of the syorago adulg, ho fult sure that, whon ho had succocdod in holding tho attontion of_his youg audience, aud makiug tho meanjng and tie bearlug of succoskiva char- nctors and aventd cloar to them, ho had found tho right way to oreate tho sawmo resulls with rendors at large, Laught h{‘tmu valuablo prag- tical exporionce, he tolls ug ha loarned that, in popular bistory, the intorest could bo made to contre, with raro oxcoptiong, about great doods and great porsouaged, It {u upou thiy prinoiple tharafore, that he s pracoeded in the prosent mnun:[zhy of the life of Franco, which is Intond- ad to tlll 'n place midway botween an abridges mont and an oxbiaustivo treatias, Thors was THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, 1474, R R R R R R R R R R R R0/ neod of juat auch a work, and wo may bo thank- (nll‘} tlxx;fl. #0 ablo a writer has andortakon to pro- vide 1t Entes & Laurlat sro reproducing the history for Amgricau rendors in 8 Alylo of undommon ole- anoo, In addition to the origlual wood-cuta by o Nouvillo, the volumus will bo embolllehoed with torty ateol linc-ougraviugs, Tho work is fssnod in somi-mouthly parts, ten of whioh aro ready for anllvur‘y. ‘o whole number will com- Y’mfl' probably, forty-live parte, or flvo volumes, rico, 60 conta por part. Bold by subscription® Tho 'Trotting Horscs TNE TROTTING HORSY, OF AMERIOA: Tiow To TRAIN AND Dnive HiM, WiTit REMINIROENOKA OF ang ThoTTiNg Tune, By Hius Woonnurr. Edited by Citartes J, Fosren. Including an Iutrow anctory Notiee by Gronaz Witks, and a Blographi= Jeal Bkotch by the Editor, ~ Eighteenth Editlon, Ite. yined and Enlarged, witli » o Anpondis, Tatios of erformanices, and 5 10 DD 487, Puintelphin s Porter :nlg;mt:‘ o1 poe i One does not neod to know anything of the horso or of the turf, or ever o hinve heard the nawmo of Hiram Woodrufr, to roalize the value of this publication. It hay tho gonuino atamp of authority on overy page, and tq the morit of & atandard manual adds the fascination of a ro- maonco. How trao it {s that tho humblost indus- try may ho elovated into an art, and afford op- portuuity for the devolopmont of real® genius. Evon the horso-tamor and the jookey may dis- play such fino, rare quolitics of discornmont and judgmont, and sucl iuflexibla {otegrity aud awaot good-nature, that all mon who know him are forced to do him reversucs. Moro warm- heartod and fmpressivo tributea to the worth of s mau wero nover colnod than thoss whioh tbo friends of Ifiram Woodruff haye futerwoven into tho ekotches ot bis careor which prefaco tbo maoual. Tt is good thus to be rominded, onco fu & while, that, in tho lowost walks of lifo, thoro sometinies aro found a8 noblo gpecimons of manhood ws exist on the face of tho carth. Mr. Woodrufi's extonded exporionco and ox- tromo succoss in trainiug horssy Lave long ‘boon familiar to ull who take any interoat in thot gallant bonat whouo powers ho has doveso much 10 oultivato. His book js, or shonld be, in the Liands of ovory one who owns, drives, orloves the horao; aud, {f thore bo au ndiyidual who doos uelthor of those threo, ho will quickly clmino his foalings, at loaat, on perusiug tho woik. The Literary Reador. THE AMERIOAN EDUCATIONAL SBERIES, THE LITERARY READER: TyvicAL SRETcitea FROM THE BRST ENOLISH AND ANERICAN AUTLOUS, FROM BIARNPEARE TO THE PIRSENT TIME, ORONOLOGL- CALLY ABBANOED ¢ With Biographical sud Critical Skelcbes, and Nuinerous Notes, stc., ete, By GEORGR 1, CATitoADT, _3dmo., pp, 426, Now York and Cie cago : Iveson, Dlakeman, Taylor & Co, "Thoro is not much to be sald of.a book of this soxt aftor montioning its title, particularly whon tho Iatter {8 80 minutely descriptive a8 in the prosont case, It ia impassiblo, in a work of the 8izo and scope of this, to yooresont oven the foromout authors of English and Awerican liter- attro; whilo, in making msoloctions, both of namos and writings, individual tasto must decido tho choico, ‘Thorofore thore is .abundaut room for the roader to carp at the prosonco of authors’ and ploces which aro not his favorites, and at the absonca of thosa which are. Thoro is certaloly a sufticient colloction of good specimens of the litorature of our langnago fo commend (his voluma #8 a achool-reador. Of the trustwoitbivess of Mr, Cathoart's blograplical and eritical sketches, we have not liad time to mako a thorough test, but our eyo hinpponed to light on a foot-noto on page 39, which atates that Albortus Alagnus was a Dominican friar and Bishop of tho cleventh coutury. Albortus Maguus was born oither in 1193 or 1205, —suthoritioa aro not agrood which, ~and the order of Dominicana was founded in 1216, The occurrenco of this orror at the ontset i unfortunato, a# it casts » suspicion onall tho compilor's statistics, . ‘Phin book ig provided with a briof vocabulary and dictionary of authors. f Baoks Recaived. ROYMES OF NONSENSE, TRUTH, AND FIOTION, Dy Peaf, Criaucen Jones, W, 1T, 5. With Tiuatra® tlone by Sir MicitAEL, ANGELO RAPmARL Satrry, 0. 9.5, Jaqusre Bvo, pp. 3. New York: G. V. Orle- on & Co. . TRUE GRANDEUR. Wot 1n {he tow'ring Alps, or rising moon,— Nor in Niag'ra’s leap, or Oceun’s swell Nor Rome, nor Atlicue,doth trus rane Nor yet {n palace-halls witl art bostrows 10t In tht man who dotn capouso tha right, And dare maintaiu it though the world oppossl While Kings sud Priuces number with Lis focs, And scribo snd mitred priest couspire ther night "Tq crush tho living Ourist that breathes withi, Aud nll his noble acts nccount aa sin et ho stands Grm, aud hears tho rabble plead For error, or Burabban; aud the cry “For blood from thoso whom he was Wont 1o foed : ‘Then up the mount e bears hia croes to die. Jaxzs Jupsox Lono, e oA Iishop Honni—-The Facts Concerning iy ¥robable Promotion 10 the Ar« cheplscopncys . From the Milwawkes Sentinel, As mention has been frequently made of late of tho anpnnud inveatituzo of Bishop Honui with still igher honors by tba Pope, a correct vorsion of the facta in the caso will be of inter- est. It bas boon incorrectly stated tbat Bishop Henni had recoived the’lotter aunouncing his Fl‘onmtion from Rome, and_also that a telogram 1‘nrd beon gont him from that city to the samo offect. o At a convocation of pricsts iu Baltimoro somo time ago, it was thuugbt necessury that new Archbishoprics should be created In the United States, At this timo thoro are soven Axchbishoprics or ymvinccs in the country, each of which has ita geat or seo in one of tho following citios: Baltimore, Cincinuatl, Now Orloans, New York, Oregon, St. Lonis and San Francisco, It was proposcd that the threo now soes_ should *bo Milwaukee, Pluladelphia, and Doston, Thero was then a meoting of Aruh- Dishops st Cincinnati about the month of Juno Inst, which cousidered the suggostion presented thom aud foswarded it to Rome a8 their rec- owmeudation. This ia all that hins boen done at pmA!:-ut, and until tho oflleial notification srrives in fhe Fopo’s ows hand, overything ie uncestain, 08 froquontly tho recommendations made aso re- im:unl. Attor this the pallium, or Archbishop's usigoia, will be sont by tho hand of somo faith- 7ul mexsenger, who, hiowever, may arrive in ons month or not for ilve. 'Fnomost that I8 known of the present condition of afinlis is through Yather Guriner, at prosent in this city, snd who, Whn in Rome, formed ncquatntauces fn tho Pro- paganda. Ono of tho Profeseors mentioned in a lottor reccivod sbout a wook sinco thatho un- dorstood that the recommendation of the Cin- clupati Archibishops wonld bo accopted, Even the oxtent of the now provinco is not known, or who are the suffragans in it, these detsils hoviog 10 bo sottled by the Congregation of Butes. dwell,— —_—— A Little Aristocratic Iltomance, London, Letter (July 17) to the San Fyancisco Chironicle. Wa da not often hoar of romautic attachmeonts, storn paronts, and eolopoments in real lifo, aud the so-eniled fashionsble world Los been much wmuscd by the story of the nLtomrwd elopement of two aristacratio lovers. Tho lovely daughtor of an Burl wout with her parents flast yoar to Searborough, » delightful seasido pluco in Yarkshite, famous a4 s happy bunting-ground for widows and young bachelors who want to marry monoev., Thud the Lady Emily, who might n\)pmflrlntoly sing tho pretty song com- posed whon tho Princoss Royal was married, I, 1o, am_ sovontoon, Mamme,” first saw and foll in love with and was beloved by a Scotch peor. As, howavar, hor lover was considorably on tho sliady eido of 40, tha young lady's parents ob- jectad tfo the matoh, “The lovera bohaved with admirabla consistancy, and, falliug to move the obdurato leart of Mo Ear, tuoy plauned an olopoment. ‘There was not to bo nuy use of & ladder of ronew or fire-cecape. Tho affnir wae £2 be mannged in & ploasaut way that would eauss no digcomfort or {nconvenlonce to tho lovers. The young lady was gomg with Lor prpe and manuna to o garden-purty glvon by tho Tuince of - Wales at Chiswick, = 'Tho elderly Seotoch DPeer had also an (nyitation to the porty. Of course nothing would bo ausior than for tho young Indy to stroll away from tho company, and the eldorl Beotch Peor would casnally moet hor and quiel ly lead her out of the gardento his ecarrisgo, which would be o waiting, Thinga foll ont as tho lover wished, until junt as thoy reached tho gardon-gate, when tho Earl appoared; and, fm“y putting hia daugbter's hana on hls arm, [od hor back to her mamuna, much to the dia- comllture of the clderly Bcoteh lover, who hind boen sa fmprudent o4 to conflde his plana to one or two futhloss friends. All's woll thatonds woll, however, and tho danger of n scandal has, it is rumorad, frightoned tho Earl iuto nccepting the tatutul and oldorly lover as a son-u-law, ——— ~'I'he Governmont oceasfonally gota tho bol- ter of ofice-holdors in England, ° 'Tho Duko of Abercorn, for [nstanoe, has had to pay £1,000 fur tho uecossury stamps on his commisgion, bo- iug ut the rate of 5yor ceuton hls salary, the payment belng fuperative whothor Le od one woek or tive yosus L ofiice, FAMILIAR TALK. MORALITIES, INTERLUDRA, AND MASQURH, In studying tho carly Engllsh stage, 1t ta noc~ ensary to Lavo & clear understanding of thoe ig- norance, superstition, and semi-barbstiam of tho poople at tho timo of ita origin. During tho flrat two or throo centurles aftor the Norman conquiost, loarning waa confined slmost exolu- slvely Lo the monastorlos and to the higher or dors of tho olergy, Tho majority of the uppor sristocrsoy could not so muoh as road or write tholr names, Whon Elesnor of Acquitaine bo~ camo tho consort of Henry 1L, in 1153, {t was _mentioned bonstfully among hor many accom- ‘plishmonta that aho waa able both {0 read snd to writo. The languago of the Courk and tho gontry was Trench; that of the peoplo wna Baxon. Al prose-works wero | writton 4dn Latin, whilo poslry was compos- od in Norman-Fropch, The art of printing was yet undiscovored, and all books wore in man- ngoript, and coplies wore multiplicd by tho Iaborl- ous procoss of trangoribiug with the pen. toms of thoso, for the uao of tho royal and the noblo, wero alogantly cugrossod upon veltum, bound in volvot ombroidored with jowels, aud olnsped with gold. Othors worogo rare and- pracious that thoy were gconred by ‘ehnins to the conveatual libraries which thoy enrichod. The fow schools in oxistonce wers conuected with tho monaatories, were taught by tho monks, and patronized solely by caadidates for tho pricsthood snd by the sons- of the weslthy nobility. Young men who wers' ambitious of loarning, aftor recolving the ecanty instruction afforded in tho English convents, vistted Constantinople, Padus, Romo, or Parls, to embraco the supurior advantages for oducation offered in thoso citles, Even tho universitien were considered but as portals tbrough which students passod to the bettor sobools on the Continent. Oxford, which i 8aid to havo boen founded by Alfred tho Great, had no colleges or eudowmonts beforo the four- toonth century, prior to which timo tho studonts who gathored thera to sttend loctures jodged with tho townspeople. Tho University ot Cam- bridge way begun 1 1110 by Goffrid, Abbot of Oroyland, who sont Gleolbert, a Professor in Divinity, and threo other monks, to cotablish a 8ohiool in o barn hirod for tho purposo, Up to 1257, when the firat collogo—that of Potorham— was founded, the Cambridge scholara lived in private lodgings. Fho clasaics woro not taught in cithor of theso nntvorsitios until tho fiftoonth contury. The educntion which thoy imparted consisted of little more than a training in the aubtietios of logic, and tho intricscies of goom- otry sud scholnstio philosopby. rAyb tho beginniug of tho thirteonth century the monastic ordors had become, throughidlencss and luxury, so shamelossly dissolute and corrnpt, that,.to corroct tho reprosch which thoy brought upou the Chureh, now orders of religion wero inatituted undor vows of poverty, and of unro- mitting zoal to tho dutics o!nlprumhmg, tonch- g, sud prayer, These orderaof mendicant friars boro tho rospective names of! the Francis- cans, or gray-friars, tho Dominidans or black- friars, tho Carmelitos or white-friars, and the Augustines or Auatin-friars. By o steady dovo- tion to the htoraturo of tho age, theso friara goon becamo tho most profound scholars and the principal: toachora in Eogland. They were diligent colloctors of books and manu- seripts, and their frinries nout sominaries, to which stullonts resort- ed throughout the Kingdom, Their exam- plo hiad tho offect of stimulating the monks to gome degreo of iutellectual cxortion, and to the ‘maintenance of moro and botter schools; but thio friars continued tomaintsin sheir sunromao, in Jearning, although, in the coursaof time, witl incronse of waealth aud power, thoir morals suf- ferod » gradual degoneracy. Meanwhile, the inforior elergy continued ssly ignorant. About tho year 1300, Popo %lruu 'VIIIL ordered the inoumbents of bene- Tices to quit their cures for & cortnin timo and study st the universitiss. TIn 1448, a Rootor fu tho Parish of Shefflold took an ‘ostn beforo the Rishop, on being prosented with Alosrton Priory, in Smiroy, that,on accouut of his illitoracy, ho would study Latin for the two following yoars, and, at the end of the firat yoar, would submit to an examination in grammar, aad, if found doticiont at the end of the sccond yoar, would rn;:égn g bonefice, . In " tho statutes of New College, at Oxford, in 1386, one of tho ten Chaplains is ordered to l§arn grammar and be able to writo, that he may he qualitied to aggist the Trensurors of tho Boclety in tran- seribing their Latls evidences. In the samo year, tho Benodictine Monastery of Winchoster was orderod by tho Pmaidlu(i\ Bishop: to provide a Latin Procoptor to teach tha priosts who por- formed tho serviceof the Churel without know- ing nuything of the lsugusgo thoy 1mKnrl‘eufly rectied, Lheso fow examples sorve to Hiustrato tha prevailtug ignorance. While the clercy wern comparatively uneducated, and the aristocracy wers illiteraco, the populacs weroe altogothor be- mightod. Of litorature and scionco there was no opportunity for them to gain a particlo of kuowl- odga. Io religion and theology, what little ingtruction® they received was got from the rsosthood, whose general dissoluteness and R\cnplcuy hiava already been hinted, 5 This sketch of. tho intellactual condition of thio people, though brief and imperfect, will holp to an iutelligent ides of the circumatances undor which the modern drams took its risain tho Churob, and was, during its_iufancy, controlled by tho raligious ordera and tho clorgy, Tcelosi- astics were not only the spiritusl guides, but the tonchors and tho mentors, of tho laity, It was to provide for the latter an smuscment that should supersedo the bloody tournament aod bear-fight, aud the acoarse oxhibition of the Jjester, tumbler, and worrice-dancer, that tho dacred dramn was conceived. Tuis form of di- vorsion combined tha eutertainmont of thoe spoc- tncle with instractivn 1n Bible-history and in the gtories of tho Baints, It was woll adapted toat- tract aud to {mpreas & peoplo who had no aceess to books, who Woro unablo to read, snd whoso ono sole Bource of light was tho Church, Auhos beon rolated iu a provious scticle, the firat theatrical. ropresontation given in England wag the play of Ht, Catherine, which was writ- tou by s lpurned ecclosiuatic, Geafleay of Gor- Dbam, aud porformed in 1110, by tho sidouts at- tonding his wchool at Duugtablo, From that timo, the religious dramas, ontitied Mystorica and Miracle-Dlays, rapidly grow popular through- out England, sud wora played on all high Church-festivaly, in tho Jarge cilica and towns. They were st firet composod exclusively by the clerity, snd performed by them and by the Pavish Clorkw, ag theso classes alone had the ability to road or to write, and posdossed othor requisite kunawledge, together with the osition and the authority to conduct such per- formances, While the drama remained in tho bouds of tho ecclosinstics, the church ur the couvent was the scene of its porformaance. Naturally, bowover, as it grow common, it grew worlly or proiano tho luity foinod 10’ ita ropresontation, or undertook it of " thomselves, and the oxhibition was givon ia the stroots aud opou places, Tu tho Mysterics and and Miraclo-Plags, sacred porsonages only woro _jutroduced,—thosa who actually figured in thoe Seriptural narrativo or fu the pmintly logend that was dromatized, The Mystorios woro almost litoral trausoripts of pronuent Biblo-incidents, and there was no seruple mado to & porsonation of Deily ltgelf wherover the exigencios of tho story required it. wore emi- ‘'ho firek stop townrd tho - wscoularizing of tho drama was tho substitution of tho Morality or Allogorical ~Plav for the Mystory or Miraclo-Play, ‘Lho nubénul of tha Morality, instead of being’ purely rolizious, was moral, 05 the name impliea; and the dram= alis persona, in place of the Duity and s An- wh" the Bainta and characteraof the Old snd ow ‘Costamouts, wero virtues, vio:s, aud ab- stract qualitios and soutiments, such as Truth, Justico, Difigence, Indolence, oto. etc. It iy inspossiblo to draw a strong line of domarkation botwaen tho religlous aud the moral play, s0 many poluts of rosemblance oxist botwaen tho two; yot tho Intter far swipassed the former in Ingenuity and comploxity of construction. Tho roligiouy play wua totally doatitut of plau or ju- vontion, whoreas sho Morality contained at lonst the rudimonts of a plot, and o attempt at do- leating charactors nud painting manuocd, ‘The earliest traco of tho Morality appears in tho reign of Henty V1., about the middie of tho fificenthy . _contury,—~according to Malone, In 1400,—and {ta_greatest ’Eapnhmty was roachiod in tho rmfiu of Honry VII, But fowr examplea of this npecies of drama havo survived to onc timo, and these avo intoresting meroly s literary onn- osition, Thoy ara too vrude and coprse, not ta say nositivoly gross, to afford uny othor gratifl- cation to the cultivated reador of the prosout age, ‘The Moralitics written by Sholton, iho post-laureate of llenry VIL, aro tho earliost that bonr the name of_ thelr author. In tha refgn of Hanry VIIL tho Moral Pioy bad becomo so elaborate In structiro as nob to bo for ro- moved from the rogular drama, A Morallly uamed * Now Customs” priutod i 1573; ia insludod Ia Dodslcy's Ot Flaye, 1¢ 1n dividod into throo nots, csuh having soveral ecened, aud elonos, acoordimy to tho fuvaiiablo enstom at the time, withi a prayor for the Queen sud Couucil, whioh 18 biora copied )rw::':“am noblo quase Kilzabath, and her eoun. With thy Leavenly grace, send fram thy sesto supor- nal. amnullahnr and thom long to lyve, hior to raigne, them o What may slwafes bo best for tho woals publique's commaoditio, Trom tho Moralition there apraug s third clnss of dramatic comnoeitions, styled Intoriudes. T'hoso wore short and llvely ploces, with somo morry nod farcical subfect, and woro porformod oithor in tho entr' acles ot the long and solomn roligious drawas, or in tho intervals of tho pompous aud tadlous fostivitios of thoso days, Among the prolific authora of tho Interludo wore Bholton, John_Iastall, brothor-in-law of Hir ‘Thomas More, John Hoywood, and Bishop Bale. Wa copy tho titlos of two or thren, Onoin En- glish verdo, printed in a follo of 12 loaves, and written by Restall, rosds on the initial ngo:. "“A mnow cnmmnd}r‘l.u in_ Englysh rn manner of an ENTERLUDE ryphto olygant and full of crafh of rhotoryck: wharaln is showad and descrybyd,-ss woll tho bouto of ;}nod proportos of omon a8 their yycos aud ovyll condiclons, with a morall conclusion aud exhortation to vertow." Anothor, by Hoy- wood, - in tling doscrlbod: *Of GENTYLNESS AND NOBYLY'TE. A dyalogo betwoon the mor- chaunt, tho kuyght, and tho plowman, dispu~ l{ngo who Is a voray goutylman, and - how men should come_to attctoryto, compiled In_mannor of nu INTERLUDE. With divers TOYES and GESTIS addyd therato, to make mery pastyme sand disport.” Tho most famons Intortude by Heywood, who was n gort of jeater at tho Courta of King Monry VAIL, and of Queon Mary, is styled * Tno Vlay cailed tho Four P.s, being & now and morry En- torludo of a Palmer, Pardoner, Poticary and Pad- Iar? Tho plot of this picee turng upou o dit~ pute botweon the four charucters s to which slall toll tho grossest falsohood. Tho Palmor incidontally remarks thab ho nover ssw o worman out of pationce, when the rest, surprisod off their guard, doclaro this to be tho biggoest lo thoy over heard, nod thus the question at iveuo s aottled amid groat morriment. Duriug tho Roformation, tho drama assumed a thaological charnoter, and the. stago was usod Dy, both Catholics and Protostants s a rondy aud powerful weapan with which to aseail each other. An Intorlude of therelgn of Honry VIIL, calted *Evory Man," attacks tho new faith ; wnilo anoth- or of thio roign of Edward VL., etylod *¢ Lusty Ju~ rontus,” aud writton by . Treover, ridioulos the Church _of Rome. Luthor aud his wilfo wero satirized in'a Lintin Intoriude played at Gray's Inn in 1620; aud the compltment was returned ina Y}uy by Bir David Lyndsay, named * ‘Lho Threo iatatis," which was ropresoutod bofors Juwses V. and Quoon Margaret, at Linlithgow, in 1639, Tn 1643 an Engiish statuto was mado probiviting all roligious piays, intorludos, rhvmes, ballads, nnd gougs, which weddled with the interprota~ tion of tho Beriptures, After the accossion of Elizaboth another eusctmont forbado, uuder hoavy ponalties, ‘abuse of the Common Prayer in *“an, nu(ar‘ludnu, playa, songe, or rimoy."” As out of the Morality grew the Interlude, #o out of the -spoctacle of costumed porsopagea _ exbibiting in duwmb__shuw, called & DPagesut, arose the Masqua. Warton thinks It not uncertmn that MMTMB Lud their boginning i the reiga of Edward I1L,, but thaora is ne doubt that they arrived st thelr zonith io the reign of Henry VIIL, In the woll- known progrosscs of Queon Lilzabeth, this upeeies of sconteal oxhibition was conatautly cmployed ; and Beaumont, Fletchwy, aud Ben Jonson, used tnoir utmost Akill to give v beauty and jutogest. Tho Magquoes of Ben Sonson wore froquently rapresonted with gioat wpplouse ot Court. In thoreign of Charlos L the populsrity of the allogorical dramu dicd ont; and yot to this poriod dates the flnest Masquo and ono of tho noblest voema aver written,—~tho Comus of Mitton. 8o late ss 1815, Comus was prosented with great splendor on tho stago of Covout-Gar- don 'hoatrs, London. THE QUICAGO AND OTHIER LIDRARIES. Chicago doos not boast of its literary prooliv- ities. 1t loavoa all that to Boston. Itis shill in ita early youth, nok to eay childhood, and s con-~ tont for the prosont simply to grow nud gain solid health, and strougth, and vigor, that will sustain all requirements when 1t Las como to a proper ago for profound aud prolonged intelloct- usl and osthotio efforts. Mloanwhbile, thy Chi- cago Library, s rocent outorpriso of tho young city, has somo statistica to show of intoresting significanco, Tho reader may exarciso hid inge- nuity in intorpreting their lauguage for bimself, o Chicago Library was oponed to the public on the 1st dny of Day, 1674, with 17,355 volumes on its shelves, about 13,000 of which were adapt- od to general civculation. Omitting statistics of ciroulation during the first two months, and be- ginving with July 4, we find that tho doily aver- 8o o books given out during the— Tonth wock wan. Eloventh week ( Twolfth week, Tufriecath w Fourteenth week. . ¥ittoonth week (onding Aug. 18).. The number of books given out on Saturdays from May 1, haa beo) ‘Baturday, May 9. Baturday, May 1 aturday, Moy 2 Saturdy, May i Saturday, Julla Saturdsy, Juge 13, Saturday, Juio 20, i3 ? Juino 37 0k Baturday, July 800 Bsturday, July 1 1,083 Baturday, July 1 1,103 Saturday, July 25,100, 026 Baturday, Aug, 33 Baturdsy, Aug. 8 53 Baturday, Aug. 15, 545 A better appreciution of the import of those statistics will bo gained by comparing them with raturns from some of the largost and niost suce cesaful librarios in tho country, ‘Ino Boston Tublic Livrary, at the eud of its Nfth yoar, with o colloction of 34,86 volumes, reported a’ daily average circulation of 310 volumes; st tho ond of tho sixth yoar, of 884 volumes; of the sovonth yoar,—then baviug 78,048 volumes,—of 588, and spoke of this as “an immouso circula~ tion.” The eiglith year the duily averago waa G038 volumes; tho ninth, 537; tho tenth, 626; the olovonth, G44; sud tho twolfth (1864), Gik Those last tva yoars of tho Hbrary included 105,~ 034 volumou. 'In 1873, its twouly-first year, its dally svarago circulation was ‘834 volumon; and in tho month of July Issb past, with a colicction of 201,004 volumes, it reports a daily circulation of 818, Tho Chicago Library, atthoend of its ninth woeok, with loss than 15,000 volumos, hind a daily avoiugo of 759 baoks fil\‘no out, and, at tho end of the tiftecntls weok, ad & daily aversgo of 1,068, No fibiury in the country can show Ogures appronching anywhero near these, ‘The Cinciunati Publlc Library, at the end, of it fourth year (1871), with 33,058 volumoes had a daily average ciroulution of 877 volumos ; m 1872, with 43,63 volumes, au avorage of 618 5 in 1878, with 563,65 volumds, uu avorage of 778, The New Yorkk Morcantilo Library, with 147,578 ‘yolumes, rornrlu n doily avernze for the year onding April, 1874, of 654 volumes. A caroful collation and comparison of the stn— tistics of public libraries for a long series of {nnm proves the fact that thero is & law gaveln- ng the demaud in a comwmumty for the varlons kinds of books, thet is as fixed as that which rogulates tho nverago tomporaturo of tho wen- sony, This law will prove jtself the samo in all commuuitios of equal social and intallectunl oul- turo. It is as follows: Six por contof tho books ealled for will bo history and blography ; 2 por cont, pootry and drama; 2 per cout, voyagos and travels; 3 per cont, scienco snd ort; sud 76 por cont, fiction and juveniles. In our'Wotern citios, memly 10 por cont will bo Gorman, Frenok, and other litorature.of modern Turoposn languages, Should o library-yoporc show g.atistics much ob variance with theso fig- ures, it18 ovidenco that a screw is looso somo- whoro, Tho hibrary is not fully supplied in its various departments; somo restrictions oro placed on tho circulation; or tho ntatistics aro not accuratoly kopt, It should be romerked that, in the early higtory of & library, there is usually au excostive demand for fiction, which, howaver, #oon ettles down to the stesdy average. Thus, in tho Chilongo Library, it is now 83 por cont, In tho Boston Library, it i8 70 por cant; but, in tho Cinciunati Labrary, 1t stands at the uncommonly low figure of 74 per cont. Desides tho law governing the kind of books drawn from a library, there s & rulo which de- tormines the proportion of bobks aken from month to month, Ringularly esough, the grost« oat and loast demand for booka corrospond with the vorual and asuramual oquinvxes,—the great- st domand bolng in March and tho leust in Beptomber. In thio middle of daren tho demand lag roachod its highost point, aad theuco it gradually diminighes throygh tho_spring and summer mouthy, tll it sirivea up it loweat mark in tho middlo of Soptewber. Theu it begins firm\\m\ly to fveronso until it roachos its porl- llion again in March, The genoral supposition would bo, that the summor and wintor solstices, when the days are the lougent aud shortest, would bo the turning poluts, Bug it s not so. Wiy poople should Lisve & groator desiro to rend in March than during tho loug winlor-oveningy of Docomber aud Jannary, is not apparent. Thut they read leus in_Boptember mey Lo partially accounted for, ‘The sumer visations aro ovor; tlio schools are beginning ; fali-businens is com= fug oug aud it {4 the seaton of fulis, expositions and shows, whioh abuorb much of the lmhllu sttention, Muroh boing covered by Leut wuy Do one resson why » groater smpunt of rundh:g 18 then consumed than during suy othor moul of the year, SPARKS OF SCIENCE. THE TBA'“IK-DH]UK{N. A movement is boing mado to introduce tho prairio-chickon Into various wasto tracta in Bu- ropo and Amorles, and with ovory prospect of auccoss. It lu atated that, & fow voATS BRO, ROV= eral pairs woro transforred to a district of Mary- land, andl that, In consoquence of proper protecs tlon, tho progeny already smounts to #overal thouuands, &a BTRENGIT OF METALS, WOODS, KTC. It is n remarkable provislon of Natoro that iron, which is the mast shundant material yleld- od by tho earth, 18 nleo tho strongest of all known substances, Madointo the bost ntocl, s rod one- fourth of an inch In dinmoter will sustain 9,000 pounda before broaking ; made into soft stecl, & rod of tho ssmo dimonslons will sustain 7,000 ponnds ; into won wiro, 6,000; wrought iren, 4,000; inforlor bar-iron, 2,000; aud cast-iron 1,000 to 8,000. A bar of ‘copper wire of tho ssmo #lzo will sustain 5,000 pounda; of silver, 2,000 5 rold, 2,600; tin, 800; cast zinc, 1005 caat load, 59; and milled fond, 200. | Of woou, & bar of hox and looust of aqual slze will sustain 1,200 pounds; of toughest ash, 1,000 olm, 800; beech, cedar, white-oalt, pltol-pine, 000; chostnut aud mapla, 630 ; aud poplar, 400, Wood wliich will lear o hoavy woight fora minuto or two will broak with two-thirds tho forco acting o long timo. A rod of iron iy about ton timos as atrong as homp- cord, Aropo an {nch in dismater will bear sbout 25¢ tous, but in practico it is not safo to subjeet it to a straln of moro than about a tou. Deereaso tho ro'im in diamotor ono-balt, and ity strength will docroago throe-fonrths. Thusa & ropo half an inch in diamoter will austain one- fourth ag much a8 & rope an inch in diamotor. TENUTHL.. M. Carnot voports the diacovery of & bed of bismuth in the mountainons rogion which sepa- rates tho Dopartments of Bresso and Dordogne, The bed hus boen known to him for a considor- ablo time, but not until recently Las ho found that it can bo profitably worked. It occurs in combination with load, antimony, lron, and cal- cium ; but M, Carnot bas dovised a process by which the blsmath may bo extracted m a puro stato, Alronds s tolorable l‘unufl'tf' has beon uupgl{od to detlers in Paria, 'Ihis discovery bK 31, Carnot is deomed o valuablo oua, sa biemut hins lately brought a_high price, owing to its in- crensod use, and to the near exhaustion of tho doposit in Sexony, which has boen one of the imYorumt sourcos of lta eupply. Of late tho Dolivian mines have almost exclusively sue- flxinnd tho requiremonts of commereo in this no. g TIE FLOBA OF FLORIDA, Tho flora of Northern Florida includes 1,511 specios of phonogamous or floweriug plants, 876 of which cccur in tho Northern States. OI the romaindor, 234 oxtend to Nosth Caroling, 118 to South Carolina, 108 to Georgis, 8 to Tonnos- 500, 53 westward, and 15 to Southern' Florida, Of tho 125 specios which bolong oxclusively to Ylorids, ouly 9 hiave boen found in tho southern port of tho Stato; and, of theil,511 spocies yo- forred to Florida, 1,487 aro not known to grow in the eonthern part, Only 87 spocies are au yet known to bo peculior to Southetn Florida, hut 231 spocien aro found within its bordors which do not extond north of Tampa Bay. , But 8 apo- ‘cios of West Indian woody plants oceur in Flori- da, ond but 6 i Koy West. Tho intorior of Southern Florida hag not vet boeen explored by botaniats, and the dintinctivo characteristics of its vegotation are not known. GRABAIOPPERS AS F0OD, In view of the famine whick Minnosotinns aro sufforing in consoquenco of tho ravages of the Rrasshopper, the editor of the Naturalist gravos 1y advisea tho peoplo to turn to and’ dovour tho posts that are dovoaring thom. From big own porsonal knowledgo, ho statos that tho grass- hopper makos & very palatablo articlo of diot, whon killed by boiling water and fried in buttor. Caro should bo taken, bowever, to cook tho beast thoroughly, as it is apt to bo infested with pora- siten that die hard,—tho Lair-snake, forluatance, whicli, a8 we hiave horetoforo mentionod, has o habit of occupying lodgings for a good portion of ita lfloy in tho_ interior apartmeuts of the grasshoppor. snd Westorn Asis, and wo ma) om America, tho Xrnsehopper great gusto. The add Weat- 8 ecaten with grasshapper-ateaks might bo devised by the in- Gonious Isiots of the Minnesota plalus; and, as necosity in snid to bo the mother of invention, no doubt the sharpened wits of & hungry people, once got at tho task, would produce miracles in the way of. grasshopper roasts and stows, not to uponk of grassboppor-sausage and pgrasshopper- bash! A vot sccondary sadventage rosulting from this courso of distetics would be the de- lotion of the hordes of voracions jumping- ?m:ks that are now cartying all bofore them, ¥avo track. WILSON, THE ORNITIOLOGIST. * A statuo of Alexander Vilson, the ornitholo- gist, hn lately been eroctod within the burying- ground of the Alboy of Paisloy, Scotland, and within o few minutos' walk of tho spot where ho was born. Thua does postority sometimey load with Lonors tho memory of & maun whose contomporaries subjucted Lim to obloguy and contempt. Wilson was born in Paisley, July 6, 1760, $o was the sou of » distiller, and was bimeclf appronticed to a woavor. But bohada goul abovo his obscure cailing, and, oa goon o8 e bind clomed the seven years of lus approntico- ship, ho began simultancously a roving life and the manufacturo of pootry. Oue of his pooms in Scotch Jdialect, named ** Watty and Mog," way 0 clever ns to bo asctibed to Burns, Ono day, ' a8+ the lottor post was sitting at hig window, Androw DBisbiop went by crying “Watty and Meg, & now ballad by a hawkor mnamed Hobort Buros." The poot 1ooked out and said, “Thant's » lop, plock n bawheo it it wero mine, 2 But Wileon intomperately imbibod the liheral prineiples spread abroad sl tho time of the l-'rouuR ious to luw-nbiding eitizous, tivo town. toa brief imprisonmont, and to bur the libol with bis own baund st tho Paicley cross, This is the honor to which Palsloy trastod Wilson whilo he was living. Angey sud_ombittored by bo Dbad received, Wilson abau- doned scotlant for America, where e landed in 1794. Ho turnod from tho pureuit of ono crafy tho punishment to another for's livelihood, aud finally, at tho aro of 38, gave himeclf altogether Lo tho atudy of ornithulogy, for which Lo Lad for 8omo yeard ‘manifestod a docided taste, His first oxcursion into the wilds, for the pur- poso of collecting birds, was mado in Octover, In portions of Africn rabs, tho Hottentots, and tho Dakotas, tako thoirs Toasted whole, minus the logs: or roasted and afterward powdered aud made into cakes, Various modes of serving tho starvation which thoy lonve in their Androw, but I would mnko your Rovolutian, and becamo thoreby abnox- 1o was also guilty of lampooming & prominent resident of his na- Ho was, in ebumsneum, condemnod dnhon, what Induces you to subsorihe for fll\ ! Your denniigs o eotainy Fir DOk s mide samn Amurican ou st know os much of the hob ts of | Lirda au this gontieman,” Wiiethior ¥r. Wilsou nndore | 8tood ¥rouch or not, or If the puddenness with which 1 pauned dienppointéd him, T eannot to 13 hut T learly porcelvod that Lio waa nok ploared, Vanily and tho cencomiums of my frleud proveniod mo from aul- unrlbln({. Mr, Wilson asked mo if I hind many draw. inga of birds, T rose, Lok down o Intgo portfolfo, Intd 1t on tha table, snd sliowed liim—as T woulil shiow you, kind reador, or uny othor porson fond of stich Bibe Jecta—~the wholo of tho contouts, with the samo ya- tioncs with whith Lo had shiown’mo his own ongrav- ingy, 1ia wurprins appeared great, s ho told nia ho novor had the most Watant fiea 'that uny other fn~ dividual than himeelf lind been engaged in forming such a coliection, 1fo nsked me It it wan my intention to'publiel, eud, whon T nuawered fn ths negative, his surprito nceméd o ncrense, And, traly, fich was not my utentiong for, until' loug aftor, when I mob tho 'Princs’ of Muafgnano in Piflwdelphis, T had not tho least tdoa of presenting Lo frults of my labors to tho world, Mr, Wilkon now oxatuined my drawings with earc, nsked if T stioulid ave any oblections to lending bim'n tow during Lis atay, to which I repifod that I had none, 1o thon bade o good-morning,—not, however, until 1 bad maie an arrbgement {o explore e woods in tho vicinity slong with Lim, aud bad pronused 10 pro- onre for him some birds of which I lad drawings in my collection, but which ho had nover scou, It hap Jcoed tiot hoiodged i tho ame houso with ua s but 1in rotired habity, 1 thought, exliibited cither a strang feoling of disconfent or a docided melaucholy, Tho Heoteh aira which he played pweetly on_ hia finia mdo me melancholy too,and T felt for biin, T presonted him 1o my wito auil {ridude ud, sogluig fint o was il en- thusiasny,oxortad myseff s mitch na wha ba iy power lo procure for hini tho upeclmens ho wanted. We luntel togethior; and obtajnad bivda which ho hind nover be- forg meon ; but, rendor, I did not subacribo to bl wark, for, oven at that'timo, my collection was greator than his, ' Thioking thut pethaps bo might bo pleared. to publish tho resuits of my researches, I offerod them to him, merely on conditlon that what I had drawn, or might afierwards draw ond gend. to him, should be mentioued in ha worlk as coming from my pencil, Tatllesnmo tmo offered to opon a corro- apondence with hin, which I thought might provo benoflcint to us both, ~ Ha mado no reply o oither propowsl, aud, beforo tanuy doys had ‘Japnod, Toft uisvillo on Liis way to New Orleans, littlo knowing how nisel s talents wers spprecia(ed fu our liftle town, at lenst by myaclf andmy frionds. Homo time olapsed, during which I uever Leard of i or bis work, At longth, having ocession to o to Philndelpbia, I, immodintely after my arrival thero, inquired for bim, and paid Lim a visit, Ho was thon drawing » white-headed oogle. o recoived mo with clvility, and took mo to ths_exhibition-rooms of Ttem.- Draudt Teale, the artlst, who tiad_thou portrayod Na- palcon erauing tha Alpa, ir, Wilion syote ot of irds or drawings. Feoling, an X was forced to do, that my company waa tol agraeable, I paricd from bimj and, aftor’ that, I nevor asw bim again, and Judgo of wy pelonlshnient, somo timo afler, wheu, on Teading the 3uth pago of the ninths volume of Au can Ornithology," I found In tho following parsgraph Hareh 2, 1510.~1 bada adlou to Loutsxilla, to place T usd tour lotiors of recommondation, and was taught t0 xpoct much nf ovarythilng thero : bt noithor rocoivod onn aot of ciility frum thuso 10 whom | was ro- commendod, oo subkcribor, nor. ono new bird: though Tideivarod i Totlors, ranuicked tho woody Foteatadly, o cliarnc oly to nubacelbo, 260 oF itoratiro ss ok ons felond In s Disso,” HBomo portiona of this story tell rathor heavily agamnst Wilkon, but we must tako into account tho bitter disappointment bo felt at the ill-suc~ coss of his work., It was publishod oxponsively, The lmmenso labor of ]1ra‘{mring it, and tho cost of ongravings, conspired to mmko the prico high, and at that day thore was noithor taste nor weal*h enough tn the country to render the salg of such a publication lively. Wiwon procured but forty-one subkoribors in oll New Eugland, nor in the Bouth wa his patronngo mora encour- aging. No wonder, after tho years of tojl, snd suerifice, and poverty, ho had oudured to crouto the work, he was sonred by its utter failuro to roward him, Thers is not much to be urged in oxcuso of his pervorsion of tho truth; yet, with thio distross of soul-wonrinces and hope deforred, tho facultien of tho uund often lose their integ~ rity, and judgment and momory prove troacl ous to their owner, Wilson struggled all days undor tho disadvantages of low birth, indi- gonce, Jack of aducation and good Lreeding. If ho ocencionally or nitogethier was wanting in tho rofined and gentlo virtues, when s verdict is docreed theso thiugs should lave dno influ~ suco on the decision. Wilkon was buried in Philadolphia with public bouors, aud now Paisiey raises & monumeut to bis wemaory, ANALCGIES, 1 lounge againat my gardot-gata; On one #ldo heaven tho sun Lnngn lows Down ona aido erawls the oxhsusted slorm That flashed amil crashed an bowr ago. 1 Jounga and see, with pusiug oyo, Two risca and o buttery, Ono in & sumptuous, languid ross, “That bows its heavy, lovely head, ‘While cach fresh petal's velvel curve Burna with the satne. d(m"‘l, drawsy rod § Circe, her xubtle self (who kiiawa?), Plotting now sorceries jn u rosol Ono fa & pale, pure Lloom, witl leavas T.iko satin in their Juntres mild, aif-closed, snd faintier Hushod than looks “Tho chasto palm of o Httlo child 3 Or y fuk as soma late sunsots ure, “That yearn to feal tho evoulngeatur, Tho buiterflyn quickquivaring wiize Weur vach tho bloudiugs of such Luca Aa lurk in Kome old tapsatrs’s Diin turmofl of golds, crimaons, binee ; Winga where dull, smotldering color les, Lit rictly with two peacack-uyea, e cannot leavo the great rod rodo; Tle Nutters ueor it, loath to part From all tho fragrant charm whioh glrds That blood-drop warn from Sunimer's howrty Aud . . . on tho pale rose, giimmering near, Ou rain-drop sparklos, ko a tear! —Edyar Fawectz i the Atantic for Sentember, bl An Imnportant Find of flistorical Mane uscripts. Tondon Correspotslence of the New Vork Tribune, Mr. Buneroft and his wifo sail for Now York to-duy. Mis London visit has beon, I hoar, & ‘pleassut ono to him, aud it bas brought him ano valuable contribution to Lig history—nothing losa thou o “find” of important original munu~ seripts. It was not, bowever, Alr, Bancroft who found them, It happenod gomo time sinco that a voung Englishmen of rauk, the second son of tiic loto hond of & woalchy wnd famous fauily, conceived tho nation of writing tha lita of oue of hia ancestors. 1lloro you see an incidentul advantoge of that remarkablo institution kuown a8 primogenituro. If he had boon the heir to tho voat cstato which has desceuded upou Lis eldor rotlier, ho would bave beon too. much occuplod in taking caro of bhis roperty to think ~ of composing 8 E&agmp\:y of his_gront-grent-grandfathor, Ho might not cvou have tioubled’ himselt to go in for scholarships and prizes ae Cambridgo, of to gragunto first-class in cluesies. Stil lesaiuic probablo that Lo would Luve taliou to radical- ism in Bamlca, or_have cared Afix‘nmly for ony politics but the ofiteial sort, thoso things the secand _son did. He is known in the world 83 Lord 1dmund Fitzmaurice, is brothor to tho prosont Marquis of Lousdowne, sud tho ances- tor whose life Lo fins begun writing wad that famous Lord Sholburue, Miutster to Goorgo IIL, of obstinato momory, aud tho man who sottled tho prelimfuaries of peace with cortain rayoltod coloutes, tha independence of which was aftor- ward neknuwledged under tho mow racher well-known name of the United States of Amer- fen. To the family pspers Lord Edmund Fitz- maurico had access, and in tho courso of his ro. wourches Lo came upou a considorablo number of nutogeayh lottors from the Kingto Lord Shel- 1803, From thot timo until his death, m 1814, | burno, relating to the War of Iudognudoucn und o sponé most of his time exploring the forasta | tho un‘:m(nllans thon going on. Most mon, in of tho various States in search of new and un- | Buch elroumstunces, would havo cluiched thoit described specios of the feathered race, Tho traasute, kopt it to thomsolves, and takon goule firat yolumo of his ormithology was brouglit out | paius notto lot avy hintof the divcovery get In 1808, snd tho socond in 1810, romainiug swo beiug supplied by Gearge Ord, the conpanion of Lie latiors aud teaveld, over turn to it gratefully, for Wilson's postis {o- atinots gave Lim a_keon appreciatiou of tho besuty of molody and of movoment that char- actorizos all winged crentures, them always with s grace and +wine tho hoart to them and to him, On & tour of discovory through the unsattled rogion of tho Lowor Mississippl Valley, in 1810, Wilson mot Audubon, who was then 30 years of age, fourtoen yenrs younger than Wilsan, and in ho fuil flush Of bis varcor a8 o naturalist, Lhe wo men, eugngad with equal ardor iu tho samo pursnit, aud dustined, both of thom, to- scquira fanio by thoir valuable coutributions to thao ei- oneo thoy loved; had, slngularly evaugh, nevar in ‘their doy, thero honrd of each athor. ~ Bug, l\‘aa noither rafiroad nor telograph in the land, pnd nowe of tho deopost import wes slow in Audubon has 8 * Ornithological Biography,” an in- toresting sccount af his lnterview with Wilson Ono falr morning {ho writea), I was surprised by the sudiden entranco {nto_our counting.room at Loufsvillo of A, Aloxauder Wilsou, the colobrated autisor of the # Awericin Ornithology," ‘of whoso oxfatouce I Lisd nover untll that mowent been apprisod, ‘This hup= Liow well do I romember him “wq‘mfi] from point to point. left, in ‘potied n Mareh, 1810, & bo thon walkéd up to mo! 11is long, rathor hooked Dok, 1he keesniess of s oyos, sud s promiucat k bones, stamped bis connténsuco with pecullar charnctor, s dress, too, was of o kind not usually & whort coat, trons- b laciiro wia 1o hal two vohunes o cheel seon fu Lt pare of Wy cduntrys ors, sud s walstcoat of gray clotl nof above the middl sfzo, under his urm, nd, 38 o wpproached fho tabl ot which T waw working, I thought I discovared sonio- thing Jiko satonishimont in his conntenance, e, hows ovor, Smnuiately yroceeded o disslows tlie objodt of subscriptions for biw work, 116 0ponod his booko, explained hio tiature af fod tay putronage, I folt surpriscd and grutified at the sighit of b volumes, bis visit, which wus fo procure his ucoupatious, andl reques Ho lived to complete but soven volumes of his work,—-the Al- though Wilson's ornithology bas beon suporseded by lator and fuller worl, the loves of birds will Ho writes af tondorness that wind, Aost mon, again, if thoy had Lnown that an owminont historisn was at work ot tho period covered by thoso lettors, would, it may bo fearod, hiave takon a grim ploasure in lotling Lim com< ploto his work in ignoranco of their contents. That i8 not what Loyd Edmmund Fitzmaurico did, When be heard that Mr, Bancroft was in town he cailed upon him, ‘told hiw of what be had dis- goverad, nnd offered to place the whale of the monuscripts in My, Boneroft’s bande, to wake what use of ho liked. Considering tbat tho nctor in question rolated to a war bouweoeu Englund and Amorica; that thoro is somo digs Imw an to fucts: that Lord Edmund Fitzmaurica 8 an Englishman and Mr. Bancroft an Ameri- can, each doaling with tho ssmo topio from hig owih point of view, it seoms to me thot tho aot of Lord Edmund Fitzmaurico was o slugularly gracoful and genorous one, 'Phoro are not muny Tiandgomor things in literary Listory. Mr. Bune eraft secopted joytully aud gratefally, tho ovigi- nal documouts wero sonb bim, the chiof of the Archives Oflico— am sorry I don’s know Liy namo snd prover title—lont him two co pylats, and bofore Mr, Baucroft loft town ho ad accu- rato transoripts of overyining of intorest in the papers, Thoy do not contradict or wadify, ha sayd, big proviously formod viows of tho churac- | terof tha Kiug or of Lord Bhelburno, or of ovanta, but they fill gaps and aupply matorial for positive statomonty In place ol formor cone= actitros and inforoncos, Tho discovery nddoed ir, Bancroft, wag tho moro comploto surpsiss to him becaudo the Sholburne aud Lausdowno papors liad, t 1s_thought, been thoronghly ransokod bofore. Ho himsolf had uestioned tho lato Marquls as fo the probable existence of lottors from she King to Lord Shelburno, ‘iko AMarquis had aswured lim there woro noue, and that ono wero to bo oxpectod, Lord Sholburno having boon on vory intlmato terms with the Xing, snw_ him constantly in his cabinet, and transactod all buslness with hlm orally, The Paris Flgnr; “ulm\\'n thni“-‘lhrlng tho two weoks of its suspouslon tho Fronch Goveinmeut turhod 0vor w few of tho piates, and bad ateoady takan { FEC e 000 § ‘favor, when 1wy partnor | lost noarly 86, u poBIBgo Aud atamp dutios by :uflgr‘ghv:filé"u;um“&n&fl I‘:'“nfl Wm 4ua | o foab of tha suspeslon,