Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 14, 1874, Page 8

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JUNE 14, 1874, 8 . TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. feet wide and as deop a8 the river at the mouth | reading-desk of Westminster Abboy being suc- | howalks, he moves Like un engine, snd tho ground | lunatics. As tho editorial force has s tem- | Tn general, theso classes are, although not very | to very many co-operative stores, In shrinks before his tresding. He iu able to Dierca & | nor0re v cation, at the request of the Govern- | poor or vary ignorant, still the poorest and | their place 1s a vacuum. Seience ghy :;m iy 0uld abpg TERME OF SUBSCRIPTION (PAYABLE IN ADVANCE). i1y, by mail.....§12.00 | Bunday.. ey gt Rnd Parts of & year at the same rate. To prevent delay and mistakes, be sure and mive Post O ceaddress in full, including State and County. Remittances may bo made eftier bydratt, express, Post Office oraer, or tn registeral letzors. atBur risk. TERMS TO CITY SUDSCRIDERS. Dafly, delivered, Scnday exceptea. 25 cente per weck. Dadly, aeltvored, Sunday included, %0 cents per wook. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner }xdison and Dearborn-sus.. Chicago, 1L e SOCIETY MEETINGS. ASHLAR LODGE, No. 3%, A. F. & A. M.—All me: Bers of this lodse are requestcd fo repart atlodse rootty 12 Monroo at., at high das, to attend the fuzoral of ourlate Bro. Thior. Bata. T fraternioy tavited to.mo KEY: )DGE, No. &9, A.F. & A. M.—Regu- o raanieadion vt Wodnextay oronits, (5 (hele 11, €2 and 64 North Clark.st.. at 8 o'clock sarp. Broth- Fen foquested toattend. Visiiors fratgrmals el BEN F. PRINCE, Socretary. WINNING LODGY, NO. 81, A. F. end A. M.— Foniar N micraon A umday criattiz, Jona It, Bis. portan Eves 00, merticr requestad to_be P.C! HATFIBLD, W. 3. B et o present. LA FAYETTE CHAPTER, Ny, 2, R. A. M —Hall 11 onroe:st. Speclal convocation Monday “event: , at 8 o'clock, l\};wmk on the P. ot with us. By onder of RSt S Hiied 1o Rrol TRUCKER, Boo'y. i ., Suadey ‘gven: ross. of organizing ‘Taving of the Casion- Are respect- Zouaves will be held at 465 5 , Jooa 14, a8 7 p. w., for the pi israsalves (3t 3 body to atzond the uro coryar-atono, Jure 24, All me invited ‘0 attend. By order of TO-MORROW'S MVICKER' EATRE-Madison streot, between Rmm?n‘fn’issfl. Engagemont of E. Al Sothern Sam." LE THEATRE—Randoloh strect, between glnrngD:;iYESnlla. ncegement of the Fifth Aveoue Jamedy-Company. , ** Monsieur Alphonse.’ MY OF MUSIC—Halsted stroat, batwesn Mad- fi.,‘l;f’f.%’ ‘Monzos. Engagoment of Callénder's Goorgis strols. GO THEATRE—Nos. 21822 West Madison O OA G oty omariAthmene, Lala, Sizs Akmos Suth fih:d. ote. ADELPHI THEATRE—Comer of Wabash avenue a Coagress street. Vurinty performance. E. M. B, G R Rasson, ste “*Tho Magic Toy." 0N BULLDING- Lakoshore, foot of Adams R by Moonlight." Afternoon and evening. TXPO! street. CCORMICK’S HALL—North Clark strest, corner of Kicia Cancert by the Hampion Golored Stadente. The Chicage Tribune. Bunday Morning, June 14, 1874. DEFEAT OF THE CURRENCY BILL. The carrency ‘‘compromiee” messure has been rejected in the House bya vote of 146 against 108, and it again looks as if our prophecy made some time ago—that it would Le impossible for the present Congress to pass any currency bill—were to be verified. We regret that the bill was defeated. We have maintained thatit was & good measnre, and we maintain 80 still,—s0 good a measure, in fact, that wo were astounded when we found it supportedand favored by Morton. We were in favor of it simply because 1t meant a return _tfo specie parments. Why it was defeated; why some men ‘voted for it who, we should have thought, wonld have voted against it, and some against it who, in all consistency, shonld have favored its pas- eage, we cannot tell. We cannot say whether the inflationists discovered its real meaning in the eleventh hour, or whether certain anti-infia~ tionists opposed it because they believed the President would veto it, baving published to the world what be considered the best means of olving the currency question, and from which the “ compromise ™ differed. Whatover the rea- son, it is to be Jamented that it was defeated. Bome of the advocates of specie pay- ments, nevertheless, opposed it, hoping to obtain something better. We think they will be disappointed. Congress, it is an- pounced, will adjourn on the 22d. Hence, there Is little time left to sccomplish anything, It will be & public shame if & grave deliborative dody liké the Congress of the United States shonld, after six months' debate on an all- Important subject,—one the settlement of which 880 urgent, and on which so much depends,— isband without coming to any conclusion. The mountain has been laboring for half & year, and R0t even o mouse has come forth. THE CHICAGO RIVER. The present condition of the Chicago River tmperatively calls attention to tho subject of Irainage. It was thonght that when the canal was deepened we had escaped the terrors of 1ho pestilence which that stream foreverinvited, ous no person who has had to crosa the river within the past few dara but has recognized the sacient smell which for so long insinnated itself tato every street and babitation, by day and by 2ight, disturbing the well, debilitating tho sicl, and bastening the doparture of tho dying. The present condition- of the river is fine mainly to local causes. The recent heavy reing and high winds have, by their adversa op~ erations, produced the “unpleasantness ” in tho xiver from which the public are suffering, Tho beavy rains along the line of the canal have poured into that artificiel outlet more water than 1t can carry oft, the rosult of wkich is not only £0 stop all flow from the river, but to forco the stream backward. The high winds have, at the Bame time, driven the water of the lake into the river, onusing it to rise s moch as o foot or more at timos. Theso two couses, by their. opposing forces, have disturbed the Chicsgo River to its bottom. While fittls or nothing has esce, ed, and there has been Do curzent either up or down stream, the river has not been scoured, but has becn stirred up viclently, and it only neods o look from the bridge into the inky stream to enable anyone to Judge in what condition tho bottom of the river must be at the best of timcs. Yesterday, under the effect of & south wind, thore was a decided cuwrrent ontward into the lake. The flow of waier into the canal from the river must continus Intarrupted until the cemal has drained all the country from here to Lock- port. The waste weir at that plece is too small to give eny considerable relief, and the locks cannot b left open without ren- dering the hauling of the boats against the cur- reut too severe. In a fow daye, unless we have farther roins, the' ordinary flow of water into the canal will be resumed, and the river somewhat relieved of the odorous waters that are now 8o offensive. All this, howerer, demonstrates that wo haye 80 far attained but an inadequste and imperfect system of drainage. Something more has to be done, or in & few years we will be in as bad a plight ag ever. The maney expended on the canal improvement, however useful for canal purposes, bas furnished but & temporary benefit to the city in the matter of drainage. What the olty wants, snd must have, is somo gystem that will prove peomsoent. It wehed e covared ditch, ihirty of the canal, from Chicago to Lockport,—a ditch that would not fresze in winter, wonld not fill up from thewaehings of the adjacent lands, and, not being embarrassed with locks, would permit a continuoas stream of water all the yoar round, —there would be possibly a current kept up snflicient to koep the South Branch and the main river pure for many yews tocome. Pro- vision has already been mado for the purification of the North Branch by the introduction of water from tho lake, thus forcing a current that will keop that branch comparatively clean. Tho canal bas utterly failed to make the least im- pression on the water in that branch, and the Fullerton avenue improvement is & necessity. May it not be prudence to take steps at this time .to provide for an outlet from the South Branch into the lake, and, by a similar process as ihat adopted to bring the water from tho Iako into the North Branch, to throw the water of the South Branch outward to the lake? Some- thing must bo done for the future drainage of the city. To depend on the cansl is only to depend on 8 temporary expedient, Owing to the greut calamity which befell us in the Tiro, tho city got back the monoy it expended on tho canal, and has used it otherwise. The canal debt will eventually be retired and paid, but long before that time Chicago will stand in greater need of sufficient druinage than it did in 1867, when that canal improvement was projected. The presont intorruption of the drainage of the { riveris but the beginning of that general in- terroption which is inevitable from the insuffi- ciency of tho canal to carry off the wa- ter needed to keep the river comparative- Iy free from filth and stifling odors, and the warning is too impressive to bo passed un- heoded. Something must bo done. The city cannot afford to let the river become again the nuisance that it has been, and yet it is rapidly progrossing in that direction, Let us act now ; let us have the surveys and the estimates for a eystem of drainage independent of tho canal, ihat this or next yoar the work may be begun. Tublic health 18 above oll price. Better do with- out a8 Cowt-House indefinitely than have the Chicago River a stench ovon for a single season. Our trsde and commerce, our whole material prosperity, as well as the personal comfort of the people, demand that a sufficient system of drainage shall be maintained at whatever cost, and in preferenco to any other public work. THE BROAD-CHURCH PARTY. A Brond-Church party is looming on the hori- zon of the Episcopsl Church. About thres-score of its clergy met the other day at New Haven, Conu., and “expressed * (0 runs the report of the Church and Slate) “ & very strong feeling in favor 3f & progressive policy, 8 gencrous tol- eration and comprehensiveness, and an adapla- tion of the Church to its mission in this age.” Bishop Clark, of Rhode Island, lent his coun- tenance to tho occasion, and 1t is understood that the occasion had the sympathy of Bishops Huntington, Lee, and Potter, and that there are soveral other prelates who do not frown upon the movement, and would pray for it if there ‘were any prayers in tie book suitable to the ex- igency. Among the names of the reverend noteworthies present we notica thoss of Cot- ton Smith, Osgood, C. M. Butler, Hugh Miller Thompson, Newton, Arthur Brooks, Rylance, Harwood, Potter, Kirkus, Boardsley Wharton, Richards, and Andrews. Dr. C. M. Batler read a paper, in which he op- posed all legislation against the Ritualists, or High-Church party, and advocated concegsions to the Evangelical, or Low-Church party. Ho would, for excmple, allow the latter to attach such & meaning as thoy prefer to the taptismal formuls, end to define the word ** priest” in'the Prayer-Book to mesn only “ presbyter.” Dr. Hugh Miller Thompson resd & paperon *Li erty in the Use of the Preyer-Book," and main- tained that literal conformity to it wes im- possible,” and that *the clergy should be ‘at Iiberty to compile special services from it for special occasions.” It was resolved to hold a congress for the discussion of these and kin- dred points next autumn, during tho sitting of the Episcopal Convention. This movement takes its cue, of course, from a similar one of long sanding in the English Chureh, which s divided into three distinct and separate ecclesinstical sections, called for short in England, “The Broads,” “Tho ** Highs,” or Ritualists, and *‘ The Lows,” or Evangolicals. The last two do the biting and devouring of one another, and would in all probability bave made an end of the Establisbment, if not of them- selves, by this timo, but for the presenco of the third, or Broad party, who not only draw the fire of both contestants, but—never return it! This, whilo exasperatingto the contestants, has ‘been consolidating to the Church. The Broads assume An attitude toward the other two parties somewhat similar to that which Dr. Watts, in & well-known hymn, enjoins upon juvenilo Christians as rospecta the dogs, which God made on purpose to do the barking and bit- ing. The Broads avoid controversy, cschew the dogmas, or preserve them held m o poetical solntion, and acquiesce In what they cannot alter until they can alter it. They strotch the mantie of theircharity over the Rituslistic performences of Mr. Maconechy at §t. Albans, and the Evan- gelical abstinencesof Dean Closo at the Carlisle Cathedral. They would humor All Bairts' in its candles, Father Ignatius in his distribes against Heory VIIL as a church-fonader, and the Record in its disgust for o bonediction pronounced with tho back of the head instead of the palma of the hands. In aword, tho policy of tho Broads is the opposite of that of the dog in the manger—they will eat end let eat whether the *real presonce " be in the eclements, or only in the morbid oxegesis of the communicaat. They will not go out of the Church themselves, or allow anybody elsa to go out, if they can hely it. Thoy are ensbled to bo .of grest Bervite to the Retablishment also by keeping up s show of catholicity to “‘them that are without,” They etand betwoen the Nonconformists end the Evangelicals, who divide their scrimonions zeal for God between opposition to discetablishment and repndiation of Dissenters. In this country the word evan- gelical has only o doctrinal spplication; in En- gland it is as strictly a party, if pota politieal, designation ss Tory, Conservative, or Whig, There it is the Broads, and not the Evangelicals, who bave the dealings with non-£piscopal Chrig- tians. Deon Stanley has signified his willing- nees to exchange pulpits with o Nonconformist minister, and he and Dean Alfond, shortly before tho death of the latter, had abont made up their minds, or, rather, bodies, to do s0; but thero was, if notalion in the way, atlesst s canon, which their Iawyers advised them not to brave. Dean Howson would not object, nor would Bishop Temple, or Archbishop Tait, to baving the canon spiked. Bo there is no lmowing how #00n We may hear of Mex Mullor'a tecturo &t the ceeded by a germon from some sedate and sur- pliced Dissenter in the consecrated *‘pulpit” of that ancient edifice. Itisno wonder, then, that, with these facts beforo them in their Mother-Churck, tho Episco- palians of this country should feel the necessity of adding one more to the parties within their body, in order to prevent secession fromit. A stitch in time saves nine, The Reformed Epis- copalian schism could probably have been pre- vented, or would nover have been thought of, bad there been an organized and pronounced Broad-Church party in the Episcopal com- munion. At all events, itis evidently thought that the time has come to try what can be done to prevent other ruptures, by providing accom- modations for the differont modes of worship and forms of faith, In fact, & Broad-Church partyhas come tobe a necessity in all the great sects that care to main- tain their unity, peace, and concord. The liber- al element nses and asserts itself, mot only forits own sake, but for the sake of all the other eloments or schools of thought. * Literal conformity " being no longer attainable, a large forbearance has become indispepsable. The Liberal Baptists have organized to gnarantee freedom of action on the communion question, the Liberal Presbyterians are insisting upon flexibility in the interprotation not onty of the Westminater Confession, but of Paul on the silence of women, and now tho Liberal Episco- palians aro making & stand for * Liberty in the use of the Prayer-Book” and “an adaptation of the Church to its mission in this age.” Every denomination is boginning to ses that nothing will insuro jts unity and perpetuity like securing toleration to its component parties. THE BACOKRIAN ORIGIN OF SHAKSPEARE'S PLAYS, The best works on Shakspearo and his dramatic writings Lave been produced by the Germans. Goethe and Schlegel may be called tho ushers of Shakspeara to the Teutonic race, laying thoe foundation for & pyramid of criticism, interpre- tation, and erudition, only less wonderful than the edifice which sprang from the great magi- cisn's wand. Every considerable town in Ger- many now has its Shakspeare Society, and we hesr, not infrequently, that the entire list of bis plays heve been produced in consecutive order od the same stage in somo Gorman the- atro, with the most scrupulous exaotness,— each character being 88 well performed s every other, from the hero and heroine down to the clown and tapster. No English or American stage has ever accomplished such a feat, and it is much to be doubted whether such an achieve- ment would not resultin a heavy loss to any the- atre in London or Now York. ‘While tho Gormans thus excel us in Sbak- Bpearean criticism, no one among them entitled to be called & scholar bas ever propounded tho idea that Shakspeate’s plays wero written by Lord Bacon. That brilliant conception was reserved for ‘*these air, United States.” It was pat forth many yvears ago by Miss Bacon, of New Haven, in Putnam'’s Aonthly, with a prudent disclaimer onthe part of the editor. It was eubsequently elaborated by Judge Holmes, of St. Louis, and spun out into a volume ; and it caught a good many of tho unthinking, thoagh the arguments werenot a whit more ingenious than Bishop Whateley's **Historic Doubts Rogarding the Ex- istence of Napoleon Bonaparte.” They served, however, to establish the faith of Judge Holmes, who is certuinly an able law- yer and a conscientious writer. The latest disciple of Miss Bacon is Mr. Arthur B. Bradford, who fills nearly two pagesof the Golden Age with what seems to him to be proof that Shak- speare'’s plays were written by Francis Bacon. The miraclo that these plays could have been written by anyone is so miraculous that 1t is mecessary to conclude that they were produced by the dryest, most scrubby, and least imagi- native of all the writars of that period. Mr. Bradford, if not the most profound, is certainly the most bumptious, of all the cham- pions of the Baconiau theary. *There is a clags of predestinated fools,” hesays, * whose func- tion it is in tho great plan of the universe to try the faith and patience of inventorsand oxpound- ers of new truth. Of this class were the men in our Cabinet and Congress who ridiculed and sneered at' Morse for his theory concorning the elecrric telegraph. Had this not been a practical age, Morse would have died poverty-stricken | and keart-broken, liko nearly all bis prototypes.” Of tho samo class are those who held that Shak- speare’s plays wore written by Shakspeare, or at all evonts not by Lord Bacon. The argument for the Baconian orlgin of theao Pplays rests upon the thesis tbat they coald have been written only by one who was & lawyer, & doctor, a philosopher, & linguist, & naturalist, and & courtier, sinco the plays themsclves betray a knowledge of all theso spocialties moro, pro- found than Shakspeare or eny other smatterer could possibly havo had. Bacon was thoroughly verged in the claesics and the modorn languages, in law, physiology, philosophy, natural science, ond the etiquette of Courts, and, though nomoro of & poet (#0 far a8 proof goes) than an Bgyptian mummy, he mnst have written theseplays. This is substantially the argument of Mr. Bradford. Evidently the class of prodestinated fools that he speaks of might be enlarged by one, without crowding tho asylum, Let us consider one (and o vory important one) of theso so-called arguments, It is por- ceivod that Sbaksposre's plays disclose a very conslderablo scqnaintance with the classica, Buv Shakepearo had not received a classical education (not aswe Imows on), therefore he could ot have written these plays. Dut Bacon had received a thorough classical education— therefore be could have written them. Wo malntain that Sbakspears had a profounder fn- sight into tho spirit of Ancient Greeco and Rome then Bucon or any other Englishman of his time who has left us any record of his ac- quirements. Technical knowladge he had not, as ig abundantly proved on almost every page. His plays are fall of emall anachronisms, potty blunders in geography, history, names, dntos, snd things,—blanders of exactly the sort that Bacon, by reason of his thorough education, would not have made. The playof Coriolanns is at once a mirror of Roman politics of the timo of the first Tribunes, and s prophecy of the civil wars which should grow out of the Commune, which then demandea for the first time the freo distribution of corn. Yot Shakepeare makes Volumnia to heve been the mother of Coriola- nus instead of his wife, and makes no mention of Vetruria (his real mother, sccording to Livy) at all. “Surely, Bacon know better; and if he deigned to go to the Globs Theatre he must have enoered at tno ignorancs of the playwright who could make such a mistake. Whon Menenius hea returned from the camp of the Volscians, where he has vainly endesvored to move the compagsion of Corlolanug, he Baym: The tartuedi of bis facs XaSsi rips grapid, Whan corslet with his ey alks liko a knell, and his hum {s a battery. . . . Thero fs no more mercyinhim than there is milk in a malo tiger. The word *battery” evidently refers to tho use of gunpowder, which was not invented till the twelfth century. But it is necdloss to par- ticularize, for you can hardly resd a page of Shakspeare without noticing his defiance of all rules, wheress Bacon, of all the men of his time, was the most exact, circamspect, and rigid. It is, perhaps, not worth wkile to seriously re- fate the *‘Baconisn origin of Shakspearo's plays,” but it is worth the whilo of those who maintain that origin to coneider the anachron- isms, blunders, and follies sprinkled through them, ss wellas the profound philosophy, the blazing goniuy, and the celestial fancy of the writer. . PAUPER AND CONVICT IMMIGRATION. The Becretary of State has laid before Con- gress & masa of papers which prove commend- able energy in the State Department, It has repeatedly interfered of late years in order to prevent this country from being made the alms- house and pepal colony of Earope. In March,1869, it notified the Hon. George Bancroft that some German Jews were gaid to be sending their pau- per fellows to the United States. Mr. Bancroft rushed upon the Israclites, but found that the peraons they exported were provided with monoy and were willing to work. In August, 1871, tho ‘Hon. Horace Rubles, Minister to Switzerland, dis- covered that the Canton of Argorie was stocking this country with its helpless citizens. Ile *in- terfered with such effect that an incurable idiot . .« was prevented from coming to the United States.” What we could have dono with one moro than the multitude alrendy on haud, mobody can tell. Tt was bhard on the idiot, though. He will never amount fo anything in Switzerland, and he might have gono to Cougress if he had come here. All honor to Mr. Rubleo. A Minis- ter to Switzerland has not much to do, and we know of no better way for him to avoid ennui than to skirmish along the fronticrs and inter- cept incurable idiots ‘bound to this happy land. In November, 1871, Gen, Schenck charged upon the Liverpool Select Vestry and nipped in tho bud, with the assistance of Her Majesty’s Minis- try, & scheme for exporting pauper children. Soon efter he - discovered, or thinks he discover- ed, that the Ministry was sending pauper and convict adnlts here. Ho bas not been able to got o satisfactory answer upon tho subject,— perbaps becanse he has been o busy exploiting the Emma Mine. In May, 1872, Admiral Polo was called upon to state why the Cuban authori- tics had sent four helpless old ladies to Key ‘West. He replied that they were sisters of an insurgent. Thero tho matter rested, though our obligation to support panpers becauso they are sisters of & man who is waging war against & bpation with whom wo are at péace does mot scem conclusive. Then the Stato Department ran down nine Greeks, but they turned out not to be criminals who had come here at thoir countrs’s expenso. By con- centrating all available forces in Florida, a threatened deecent of seventy old Cuban women and children upon our shores was hap- pily prevented. In October, 1872, the Grand Duke of Hesse was fairly canght in the act of shipping one Jobann Stauff, sentenced to im- prisonment for life for robbery, arson, and mur- der, to America. It was a delicate compliment to the land of our pride. What was worse, tho Grand Duke, true to the traditions of his house, said he meant to do 5o in the future, A sharp correspondence finaliy obtained the promise that the Grand Ducal Government ** had adopted tho reeolution in case of pardon to abstain hereafter from making the emigration of the criminal to America o condition.” This is kind, very kind, and must certsinly tend to bind tho Americans and the Heseians very clogely to- getlier. If the practice continues, however, wo must retaliste. When the Government begins to ship bad characters to Hesse, Chicago will cheerfully spare Miko 3fcDonald, Tim Fallor, and W. F. Storey as her quota of the first batch. Meanvhile, it is swect to think that the eyo of the American eagle is upon the rascals who strive to como here and pollute us. Let Rublee, collaring his incurable idiot, be a. warning to all Europe! THE PARIS HUBBUB, The condition of Paria t6 day ia an epltome of French life, habits, and tendencies. Tho gay city is in one of its periodical frenzies of mad- ness, enthusiasm, and delirious ecstasy, Any night barricades may spring upin the streets like mushrooms, and swarm with Jean Valjeans, petroleuses, and gamins. The materials for & conflagration are heaped up, and & chance spark may set them off. The cool oncs are now crazf, and the crazy ones are cool. The Assembly is 1 the conditionof en ant-hill into which tha tray- eler has set his foot. Right, Left, Right Ceatre, and Left Centre, Radicals, Communists, Repub- licans, Bonapartists, and Bourbons alike share in the general frenzy, and the Assembly is as mad 08 & Stock-Board in & panie. A train errives with Deputies. Straightway all Paris flocks to the depot, forno other reason than because there may bengeneation. All Paris being there, somebody, of courso, must run athwart somebody else, and somebody gets arrested. A great firo breaks out, and all Peris gocs to the firo. Petrolaum, of course, is the incendiary, and some unfortunato yetroleuse i dragged to the prison, and will bo lucky if sho doos not loso her hesd at Sartory, or make a compulsory trip to New Caledonia. Tho Bonaparte propagandais workingin the bar- racks like yeast in = pan of dough, and no ong can toll how goon there will be & risiog. Roche- {fort is sailing Pariswards like a baleful star, and the Monileur onco more burls its ehoicest epi- thets ot *‘ perfidious Albion" for ullowing him toescapo. Zs Pays, in the midst of the hubbub, loses ite head, grows indiscreet, and prints all sort of incendiary ewash. The boulevards swarm with erazy Parisians, and the cafes are homets’ nests, in which the garcons receive most of the stinging. M. de Saint Croix strikes A, Gambetta across the face with his cane, and tho circles of this littlo squabble widen and widen until all Paris is in a ripple, and even the gamins talk glibly of the revolution,—that inexplicable problem of French politics, the origin and des- tiny of eversthing in France, the ono pivotal fact upon which Paris ewings, Thoso miserables of French life, the editors (unable, unless gifted with omniecience, to steer their way through the chacs), come to grief with the regularity of clock-work. De Cassagnae, tho editorial Mara of Paris, is in his element. Edit- ing & newepaper is only an incident of his life. Fighting a duel is his destiny. With such & grand sensstion going on all about him, how- over,—with all Paris in an uproar,—s duel for two i8 very thin diet. He must have & duoel, but it must be on s grand scals, commeniumnte with ths powwow o the othe l ment, the editorial force has nothing to do; and so tho fighting editor ‘organizes & nine, hav- ing in view the possibility of pistols and coffee for eighteen, and issues a card requesting the pleasure to meot any nine of the Republican Deputies and fight it out. Cassagnac selecta Gambetts for his vis-a-vis, and intimatee to M. Clemenceau that he is mnot entitled to any reparation, as he has not been assailed. With true French cour- tesy, however, “if Alr. Clemenceau wants s personal quarrel, he can have it.” There is nothing mean about Cassagnac. M. Gambetta has also been invited out by 8t. Croix. In fact, M. Gumbesta is very much like D'Artagnan, tho Guardsman. He has an embarragsment of duels on hand. Thus the whirligig keeps turning in Paris. What it means, who can tell? What will grow ont of it, who can say? Where every man has his own scheme of politics for the salvation of France, and thinks that his is the only scheme which can work any benefit to the country, how is it possible to have anything but chaos? Bat chaos is the normal condition of Paris, and the Parsian is happiest when he is in this condition. The Frenchman is the Harlequin of the world. He1s useful in this role. He entertains the world, and relioves it in its sobor, serious work. Bost of all, it is a free show. Vive le bagatelle ! TAXATION IN SOUTH CAROLINA. Raines, the negro Ropresentative from South Carolina, s3id some time since that they, the negroes, liked to make property cheap in Bouth Carolina. They put heavy taxes on it to make it cheap; and theyhave succeeded. South Carolina has abundance of taxes, and, as a con- sequence, abundance of land once dear which is now exceedingly cheap. There has been a steady incrense in the rate of taxation since tho ‘War. In1869the tax was 8 mills; in 1870, 12 mills; in1872, 15 mills ; and in 1873, 17 mills. This is the State tax. The municipal tax, must be added to it. In Charleston, the municipal tax smounts to 2l per cent,— giving a total rete of taxation for the happy Charlestonians of 43¢ per cent. But not .only is the rate of taxation outrageously high. Tho valuation of the property is, besides, placed at a ridicuously high figure. Thus, s correspondent of the New York Times writes from Charleston that a piece of property pur- chased for £400 was assessed at $2,800; and, although £300 could not be got for it to-day, the purchaser is compelled to pay taxes on it at its assessed value or lose it entirely. Another case: The Charlestou firm of Muir & Co. ac- cepted in leu of & bad debt of $5,000 a small house which would sell for about $2,000. When it was found that the property had been taken for a debt of £5,000 it was assessed at that fig- ure. The new owners refusing to pay, an addi- tional penalry was imposed upon them, when they submitted. A few facts will suffice to show how great has been the increase in taxation in South Caro- lina gince the War. A ‘prominent merchant in Charleston, owning in 1860 property valued at $400,000, paid £3.400 in taxes. The property is still beld by the same gentleman. It has de- creased very much in value, still he pays for taxes $16,000 instesd of $3,400 as befors the war! To illustrate how property has been cheap- ened by Mr. Rainey's plan of piling on the taxes, the correspondent already referred to #oya a Jot in Charleston which sold in 1868 for £16,000 was disposed of & short time since for £6,800; and it was only with difficnlty that this relatively emall sum could be obtained for it. Houses in the city worth £20,000 beforo the War are now worth only £8,000. Plantation property, worth in 1860 from £50,000 to 80,000, can be had for from £3.000 to £8,000. A large farm on the Savannah. which cost 283,000 in gold, was soldnotlong since for 214,000. It is not probable that the decrease in the val- ue of real estate is due entirely to the high taxes and the lack of confidence n the Government. As the Times' correspondent says, much is due to the change in tho system of labor and the social revolution consequent upon the liberation of tho slaves. Tho liberation of the slaves, how- ever, can be only temporary in its effect on the value of property. Not so the misgovernment to which the South is now s prey. The longer this misgovernment contioues, the worse for the South. No misgoverned State can prosper. ENGLAND'S FUTURE. W.R. Greg has, in the May number of the Contemporary Review, been playing the part of Caseandra to the English people. An ungrateful part it is to play, and AIr. Greg evidently ap- pears in it with reluctance, for he remarks : « Peopla detest being told of impending-peril or catastrophe, especially if they can see no romedy and no escapo, and if the menaced rnin can be laid at no door but their own.” Yet he under- takos to tell the good people of England of the rocks ahead, and on which the Ship of State is rushing. These ero— First—The political supremaocy of the lower claeses. Second—The approaching industrial decline of England. Third—The divorce of the intelligence of the country from its religion. ‘The firat isa political danger, the secondzn eco- nomical danger, the third intellectual and moral, When in 1667 the Heform bill was passed, Mr, Greg thinks that & revolation, which might ap- propriately receive the appellation of **The Revolution of 1867,” was begun—s revolation thorough, complete, and swecping—a revolution which elfected a complete transformation {n the Constitution of the Dritish Isles. Mr. Greg is right. The *Reform bill" transferred tBe gov- erning power of England from the propertied clesses to tho wage-receiving classes. Capital had hitherto governed the country; henceforth la- bor is to have tho proponderance; therefore, to rale. There are now in England, according to Mr. Greg's estumate, 5,000,000 poor electors and 2,000,000 well-to-do electors. They may, there- fore, at any time have a majority in the House of Commons; and tbe House of Commons js the real ruler of England. And ss minority repre- most ignorant of the voters. Their political knowledge, especially, is defective. And this is necegsarily 80, because ‘from the cra- dle ‘to the grave they have less lei- sure and fower advantages for kmowledge, reflection, and mental discipline” than others. The new electoral clasees have not the ability themselves to govern the country nor the ability to chooso those who have. They are not polit- ical economists, and what they are most likely to demand are higher wages, shorter hours, and to demand them through the medium of legis- lation. They will be likely to asi relief from all taxation by which the cost of living is in- creased, and to add to the public outlay, which creates 8 demand for their own labor. Even if they do not seek for an increase in wages by di- rect legislation,they will for shorter hours : hence the enhancing of the cost of Isbor, since it will become less productive, and of the cost of living, ete., etc. Mr. Gregis at a loss to discover what kind of 2 foreign policy the ignorant mass of English- men will dictate. Norhas he much faith that educating the masses will enable the conntry to escape the dangers he points out. The people obtained power before they obtained education. Tho cducation comeatoo late. The masses wers given power suddenly. Theyare being educated by slow degrees. They have roceived much power; they can receive but little educa- tion. Their power is to be supreme. Their education can be only superficial and tran- sient. Power a8 been given to the existing generation, Education is to be given tothe next—more yot. Itis not possible to educate the people 80 2 to fit them to understand politi- cal questions or decide political difficulties. This is certainly & powerful indictment of the universal or quasi-universal suffrage in Eng- land. Mr. Greg is certainly right in saying that the Reform bill means revolntion. It does mean revelution, but a gradual one. There is no use in dropping tears overit. Itisanac- complished fact. At firat sight, it would seem that Mr. Greg's reasoning would 2pply to this country a8 much as to England. 1t does not, Lowever; for here vropertyis not confined to the possession of the few. Mr. Greg sees this, and sces, also, that the main security of Eng- land m the fature will be in tho wider dif- fusion of property. England, notwithstanding her excellont institutions, has many abuses to remedy—sbuses borrowed from another age. The mission of the laboring classes is to remedy these abuses. It will bo well for them if they will learn when and where tostop. The English Church showtd be disestablished, the expense attending the maintenaace of the Royal family curtailed, the land monopoly abolished. There will be minor questions to settle; but these are the principal. Mr. Greg has not yet developed his views on the other two great dangers threstening En- gland, viz.: her approachizg industrial decline and the divorce of the intelligence of the coun- try from its religion. ‘WORKINGHMEN'S BANKS. One of the great advantages which capital has over labor is its ability to borrow. The capital- 18t, upon thepledge of part of what he pessesses, or upon the strength of his reputation as a property-dtner, can get money at the market rates. The laborer, who has no land, no stocks, no bonds to pledge, and no credit to base his request upon, falls into the clutches of pawn- brokers and disrsputable money-lenders when he tries to borrow, and pays from two to five times a8 much for his loan as the capitalist does for his. Moreover, he can hope for nothing better until he does something for himself. Neither God nor man is sbout to help him despite himself. There are now in existence, in Germany, about 1,000 banks, which are owned by working- men, and which loan to workingmen. Their organization is simple. Their success is great. At tho outbreak of the Franco-German war, when some of the largest banks in Germany went down, not one of those owned by working- men had to shut its doors. There ars such banks now in France, Italy, Switzerland, Aus- tria, and Rusais. 'They are all organized on & plan suggested by the great German, Schultzo- Delitsch. This plan was explained, lost Janu- ary, in detail, in Tue TRmBUNE. Wo shall sketch only its most salient points now. Its baeis is the idea that 100 men, who have an in- g v, it, whether Nature does or vacaum be filled ? ok Cazzat g, S — FACTORY CHILDREN, ' Woe favor the establishment of & gogy the prevention of cruelty to childrey, o fa £ mauy ways of being cruel to chiljrgy o applyiog the rod or the whip to them; yyy of these ways is to put them to Work l;hg o E an ago, in factories and shops, Tpe F% National Assombly recently passeq g poy labor of children, and girls under agy, ,M: & go into effect one year after its ;mhhr- !fll By the terms of this law no child can pe en:b" in labor before he has complntedhiamh. Ia soms of tho lighter kinda of worg it allows children of 10 Sears of agq 3, h"’. plosed ; bat thon the Bours of Isbor gy be more than six a day. Children of 39 3 u age, it is provided, shall not be .ng,g:‘" than twelvo haurs & day. Girlg Sy not permitted to work at night, sppointed whoso business it is 1o g gy s law is obeyed. % e The question of the employment of by, receiving, as it deserves, a Breat deal olaty, tion ip Enrope. Manufacturers in G Dot permitted to employ children under 19 ,::, g of age. Boys from 12 to 1 Ao Dermitteg 1 E work only six hours per day, wd ara required to 5 attend school during three hours day the wholy year round. ~Botween thelr 14th and 1ith gy they sre allowed to be emploseq duting tag bours. In Germany, however, thess proviony sre little more than & dead lotter. The Conyey, tion of Economists held recently 2t Eisenbycy demanded therefore the absolute ‘prohibitio of the regular employment of children under the age of 10, and that no children, male or famla should, under anycircamtaacas, beexlyey longer than ten hours & day. The Conventiy recommended, also, the creation of Governma agents to walch over the enforcement of & law. 5 In England childen botween 8 and 13 Jearsof ago may be employed daring eix hours, ead aler that, till they are 18 years old, during fi7sigy hours & week. Mr. Mundella recently advoealed in Parliament that the limit of age thould be fixed higher, and that the number of bours of lsbor per diem should be diminished. In Ans. tria the logal duration of labor fer childran be- tween 10 and 14 years of age is ten Loars; fn children between 14 and 16 years, twelvs hours, The Canton of Zurich, in Srwitzerland, permu seventy-seven hours of Iabor a week, with two half-days of school a woek, betwean the agesof 12 and 16. In RBelginm thero is u yet no legislation on the subject. Bt it & said that public opinion demands it The United States, or some of them, mighticzm a useful lesson on this head from tho older couns tries. This is s branch of legislation too apt to be neglected in this country. It 18 not ocly merey to the little croatures that demands they shall not bo made beasts cf burden, but the mer- cenary intereats of their employers even plead for them. Viewed only as an econoxic machine, —a8 an instrument or a tool,—it is stull best that a man should notbe used inthe present st tha exponsa of all future utili EGYPT EXCAVATED, More than twenty years ago, Bayard Taylm, riding on donkey-beck near the Pytamids, Lesdd strange stories from his attendants of a Frank who had hired somo of their fellows to dig for golden chickens in the desert. Arrived st tha site of ancient Memphis, he found the Frack— AugusteMariette, He was exhuming the ancient city. Since then he has worked steadils, sk thongh hampered by Government opposition aod by lack of money, Better days heve come now, The Ehedive has created him Marictta Pey, “Die rector of the Department for the Preservationol the Antiquities of Egypt,” and has made s s~ nual grant sufficient to carry on tka work. Baj ard Taylor, revisiting Egypt, has revisited 3. Mariette, and has written of him and bia muses to the New York Tribune. The Khedive has wisely founded a musetm ol Boolak, in which all the spoila of tha pick saf spade are gathered, instead of being scatuerel E € woy Under ggn 4y T T piacemesl over Earope. Tha thirgs discosersd heretofore bave beon those nesrerit tho groud Marietto Boy has struck the ancieut luyer. To antiques ho has found show that Egyptian ah and calture, and religion were &t their prizd dividual credit of $100, should have one of 310,000 together. Its principal features are theso: Maximum of publicity; Minimum of risk; Unlimited liability of stockholders. ‘The last is the most important. The shares are small end are paid for on instaliments, but the holder of one of them is liable, to the full extent of his property, for the debts contracted by the bank. This provision, which makes it possible for the bank to borrow, also insures the greatest caution in the admission of stockhold- ers (for only stockholders can get loans), and in the management of business. The books are alwaysopen to inspection and sre audited very frequently. When such a bank is organized, it loans the money raceived for ita sharcs to those of its members who wish to borrow, and charges them the usual rate of in- terest. It receives deposits, moreover, from any and every body, and loans these. It borrows money in as large sums 2s it can and lends it in small ones. It thus pays tbo wholesale prica and gets the retall. The difference botween them isits profit. It is, in fact, & co-operative storo that buys and sells moncy instead of gro- ceries, and sells only to its own shareholders. The advantages of such & bank are many. It encourages thrift far more than an ordinary savings-bank, for a co-operative bank gives its ehareholdera not only interest on their deposited mones, but the profits of it in the shape of dividends as well It teaches workingmen the real nature of capltal. This apparently intangible advantage is really a moat substantial one. If a laborer is to riss in the world, it is almost & sine qua non that he should savo money. Before he can do this ho must know how to uso money. Co-operative bunks are powerfal ememies of communism. sentation does not obtain thero, st present, the proletariat, Mr. Greg continues, may be not only preponderaat, bat supreme—omnipotent ana ab- solute. Not clasees, norproperty, nor education, nor industries, nor guilds, aro now represented 1n the House of Commons as beforo; but indi- viduals, members, the masses of the people. Pro- prietors, leaseholders, burghers, freemen, and gradustes wers represonted, not tho great body of the people. Now thig is reversed. Hence the designation revolution ap- plied to the * Reform Bill" by Mr. Greg. How much of & revolution that bill sy mean de- pends on the character of the clasaes to whom it bas transferred the resl powerof the country. Sharcholders in them are not apt to declaim abont the *tyranny of capital,” or to prate that “property is robbery.” Tho logic of bank- books 18 dead sgainst these jingling lies. Such banks, sgain, keep workingmen out of the clatches of pawn-brokers, and make it possible for them to live through hard times without loading themselves with debts at o rate of inter- ost that makes payment of the principal impos- sible, and 8o condemns them to a life-long struggle with hopeless poverty. We have said that these bauks are now flonr- ishing in nearly every country of Continental Europe. In England, thair place is supplied, in great part, by the banking dspartmanta attached 4,450 yoars before the coming of Christ: Tht first historic King, Menos, was not a barbarias, but one of a long line of highly-trained sov oreigns. The forty centuries that looked dov from the Pyramids upon Napoleon's srmy Eawt yielded their secrets. Mariotte ranks by Cham- pollion as an Egyptian explorer. He has ehowt that tho chronology of Manetho, & pricst e lived under the Ptolemies in the early partol the third century B. C., id at least approximately correct. It has hitherto been sueered at by scholars. Tho museum at Boolak bogins with atatues of the third und fourth dyuasties. Tle first & dynastics, according to Manetho, stretcbed from 5004 to 3061 B. C. These early statucs aro of carved wood or painted limestone. The rizdity that marks Egyptian art in general docs not ap- pearin these beautiful forms. They have nol oven the ongular stiffness of Bjzautine ar “The figures stand or sit, but you feel that1 slight effort would enablo them to rise or walk” Of one statue of sycamors wood, 3 feet £ inches high, Mr. Taylor eays: * The faceisre markably intolligent, cheerful, and benesolent— & Shaksperean head, coe might say, it Giret such evidence of a large, rich, and nttractive 2% tare.” The eyes aro marvels of cunning work: manship. They are inlzid. *Tho lashes &t thin rims of bronze; tho whites are formed of white opaque quartz, the iris of rock crystel; and In the centre of esch fs set s emall crsstsl with many facets, which from every side reflecd s keen point of light, like that in tho hama? oye.” The effect is sometimes that of perfoct life. **The statue is probably 6,000 years o;d. thua ante-dating by 9,700 years all othor relics of art which are in any way worthy of being placed beside it.” These heads of carly times are Aryan, They represent gentlomen. Tte colors are as brilliant as on the firat day. Climstd and sand-covering have provented all decsy. 3 Marietts found, in the thin layer of dict on the floor of the sepulchre of & Rad bull, the foot-printa of the men who placed the mummy there 3,700 years ago! Bosides an ead less Line of statues, the musem s rich inal mannerof householdgoods. It shows thehome life of Egypt from 3000 B. C. as the Musaom of Naplea shows that of Pompeii in79 A.D- It contains s sculptured slab like the famou’ Rosetts stone of Champollion, which bss upo? it the same inscription In Greek hieroglsphis and Domotic characters. It has some records of the captivity of the Jews. Thoy ara scantf, t”-’* that Isto be expectsd. The sonquerors woud They have thereforo been of the Iator dynastes z o o VG, | ! ; A