Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 7, 1874, Page 8

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JUNE 7, 1874 8 1"E>RMS OF THE TRIBUNE. LTI OF SUBSCRIFTION (PATARLE IN ADVANCE). .§12.00 Synd. .82.50 7 GO0 Week 200 rts of & year st the Fame Tate. e vent dtla; and mistaker, bo sura and give Post Of ce aédross in full, {ncluding State and County. Retattazces mey be made eitber by draft, cxpress, Post Oftice oides, or n registered letters, at our risk. TEEME TO CITY SUBSCRIDEDS. Datly, delivered, Sunday excepten. 2 ceatr per week. Eail, oelivered, Sunday fncloded, 20 cents per week. Adazess THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Aladison aud Dearbora-sts.. Uhicago, Ll EY'S THEATRFE—Randoloh strest. botween T ad LaSule: ntof the Fifth Avonue Ecmedy-Compzny. C—Halstud street, botweon Mad- acement of tho Vokes Family. ACADEMY OF MUE! ficn and sloarce. E “ Belles of the Ki M'VICKER'S THEATR! botween Pearborn and " State. T Sothiern " Our Amierican Cousln.” Madison strect, agement of E. Ac E1] 'EATRE—Corner of Wabzsh avenue ;‘mnya of Arabs from Jernsulom. Ixfon.’ ko shore, foot of Adams X3 Korooon and evening. EXPOSITION BUILDIX troot. ** Paris by Moonll! o The Chivaga Tribune, Bundsy Morning, June 7, 1874. = 2 THE RAILWAY-PROBLEM. Whet shall be done with the railronds? This 15 one of the great questions of the present day. 1t will be also one of the great questions of the fature. Next to that of the currency, it is the greatest and most important that can engage the attention of the people. Tuiirsy companies cannot be left entirely to their own devices. No one who has looked into their history, their nature, and their operation will say that they cen. Publicists like the anihor of Railitay Reform in England, and political economists like Vou Mohl, Rau, Kuies, -7 Wagner in Germany, ssy that Govern- * must have something to do with them. x uland eminent railway engineers like Etcphouson bove told us that railways are, in their very nature, monopolies, end that, since coatition is posmble among them, competition is, i the long run, impossible. Learned lawyers acd sble jurists like Chief Justice Roddeld, of Vermont, who have made the legal aepect of our roilway eystem a study, are unanimous that £cmething must be done by the Goverument to regulato them. The farmers, especially in the TWest, havoe only too meny reasons to agree with 4hio publicists, political economists, the practical engincers, and the Judges, who have each, from their own standpeint, mado railways a subject of thought. The whole people of tho United States, in fact, domand tlat something shail be done by tho Government, State or National, or State and National, to give the country an ef- ficient sud ot i.e eamo time equitable railway sstem. That something must b dopein the way of railway legislation is therefore certain. Tuat that something shall be is another matter. Togulated by the Government tho railways must be.—tut Low, and to what extent? Shall the Government build, own, aud operate all new roads? Shall it compel the railway com- panies to sell all existing roads, or such of them ps enjoy 2 complete monopoly of the trafiic between certain points, to the State, to be owned snd operated by the Siate? Or sball it allow the companlies to retain their franchiees and their property in the roads end mazeriul, while the State reserves to iiself the right to regulate their tariffs and prescribe guch rules for their macegomentas the interests cf tho public msy require? ; The question whether the roads should belong to the State or not has been frequently agitated in Earope. In parts of Europe, Belgium for in- etance, the Govornment actually does own and operate the roads, The author of Railway Re- Jform advocated the purchase of the roads by the Goverumont in England. State rosds bave cartain edvantages over pri- vate roads,aud private roads in turn are, in £omo respecis, to be preferred to State roads. TWhick should be preferred in any given country oraiauy given time is & question to be doter- miined by the circumstances of each case. XNo genera! ruls can bo l2id down on thie point. There is this to be said against roads owned by private individuale, or by roads owned by tock companies—and it is the principal objection to them in this country—thut they are run mainly in the intercsts of ths few, not of the public, or ‘of commerce, nor with & view to {he development of the regources of the country, industrial or other. They ar6 operated in such manner as to insure 1o the stockholders a maximum of net profit. The policy of the stockholders in running tho roads is dictated by what is best for themselves, s u matter of couree, not by what is best for tue public or for genersl business; and the in- terests of tho etockholders of railway corpora- tions are far from being alwaye at one with thoce of the general public. Morcover, it is sid private roads are not apt to be 8s well built as Government roads. The individuals who con- stiuct them frequently put poor material into them, in order to reap the greatest possible profit from the smallest possible outlay. As o result, sve ore told that in Europe, where both systems aro in operation ¢ide by side, accidents are moro frequent on the rosds built by private corpora- tions than on those built by the State. The cates on the private roads in England aro three time a5 high 25 on the State roads in Belginm. 1o tho caso of private roads, all tho net profit geesiuto tho pockets of the stockholders, what- everitmaybe. On the other band, when the State owns and oporates the roads, an increase in the net profits goes cither to tho lightening of taxation in geueral, to the improvement of the reads, ta the diminution of the rates of fare and ht charged on the road itself, or to the frai, building of other roads. Desides, a number of individual companies, acting independently of one another, cannot gise the country as complote and harmonious & sys- tem of roads asthe State, carrying out one plan, c2a. A metwork of roads built by individuals wili elways be defective ; there will alwaye be breeks and defects in it. The system will not be roscceted regulatly and uninteruptedly. Only in times of speculation will roads be built, and then ouly when they promise extraordinary prosts, Tue tariff of private rosds is not €o casily regu- The rates are seldom reduced as early as they might b, There is nothing to compel the managers o raduce them ; and their cupidity is always present to These drawbacks are not found in the State system of roads. All the roads beiog consolidated into one, can be operated Ppr lated as those managed by Government. keop them up. cheaper, and there is no speculation in railway stocks whero the State owns the roads. There is auother side to the State system, however. It may boasked: How would such s system work under our form of government ? What would be the effcct of the enormous amount of patronage it would throw into the bands of the Executive on the politics and wel- fare of the country? Is it advisible under our presept Civil Service to adopt such a. system? Would it not be dificult to distribute the railiways through the countryn such & mauner &s to give satisfaction? Would not the South complain that it did not have its share of railwayg, as it complains that it has not its share of greenbacks? The demands of pol- iticians would be apt to bo considered in the con~ struction of roads, under such a system, rather than the demands of businesa. It is extremely doubtful whether a State rail- way system would work at all under our form of government. But if the Stato should not own the roads in .this country, certain it is that the Government should have something to sayabont tleir rates. In Germany and other parts of Europe, two plans have been tried to prevent the abuses of railway franchises,—one, the fixingof & maximum tariff; the other, of a maximum divi- dend. Neither system has given satisfaction. Tho maximum charges bave been, in Germany, left bigh enough to enable the stockholders to earn a dividend of 15 and even 20 per cent. Tho rosds, oxcept whore there is competition, never chargo less than the maximum. Whens maximum dividend of 10 por cent, say, is allowed, it has been found that, when the net profits have exceoded that amount, the com- panies, rathor than allow the pullic to got the benofit of the increase, have spent it in improvements of the road not absolutely demanded. This has hap- pened in England, even in the case of tho Liver- pool & Manchester Road. Prof. Rau mentions a case whoro in England a company, although reaping a profit of 10 por cent, instead of dimin- ishing its rates, increased them to 27 per cent. In viow of all these facts, perhaps for this conntry the best plan that can be proposed is something like the following : 1. The companies to retain the ownership and to manage their roads. 2. A maximum dividend of 10 per cent to be allowed on the actual capital invested in the roads. 3. The appointment of Commissioners by the Government to represent the interests of the public ; said Commissioners to have s voice in determining what expenses are actually needed, and to see to it that necessary improvements are mado, and that no unnecessary oucs are made with the intention merely of depriving the public of the benefit of an increase in the net profits of the road. 4. The books of the companies to be open at all times to the Commissioners to enable them to kmow the finaucial condition of the roeds, aud put them in o way to recommend a tariff which ehall insare the companies a reasonsble profit, and not conflict with the rights of the public and the interests of commerce. 5. The Commissioners to constitute & perma- nent Board, and see that the logislation affecting ilways be carried out. 1t will take time and investigation to metare any perfect plan. The course of the Wisconsin Legisiature, which fixed tho tariff for the rail- svays in that State at hap-hazard, cannot be too strongly deprecated. Investigation ehould al- ways preceds recommendation. Good legisla- tors, unlike good poets, aremade, not born. Be- fore legislatiog on railway management, it wowld be well for statesmen to study the operation and the mancgement of railways in other countries. Europe has been experimenting in railway reform for moro than & quarter of a cen- tary. It has in operation both State and private railways. In some Earopean States there is the mixed system. Whero private roads exist exclu- sively, many excellent laws have been passed in the interests of the public. Why shonld we not have tho benefit of European experience? It would be an excellent measure for tho Govern- ment to appoint & Board of Commissioners to proceed to Europe and report on railway men- agement and railway logislation there. Bucha Commission, when its labors were ended, would, We ara certain, be able to reconimend some very wise measures of reform. To institute such n commission, and to act on the information re- ceived from them, would be to proceed scientifi- cally and methodically, insioad of awkwardly and angrily, as wo seem to be no w going. THE PAST AMUSEMENT-SEASON. It is our custom, at the end of every year, to publish a summary of commercial and other matters, by which to measurs the growth of busi- ness and the increasing importance of the city. We publish this morning a review of the amuse- ments, musical and dramatic, for the sesson of 18734, which ended with the first of this month. If our commercial summary bus been gatisfacto- v for tho past yesr, our amusement roview makes an exhibit of 2n equaily-gratifying char- acter. It shows that our growth is not merely material, aud that our expansion has Leen intel- lectual as well as commoercial. The musical summary poiuts to a higher taste in the divine art than we have hed bitherto. It sbows that 193 composers have been represented in 123 concerts and €9 operatic performances, with an aggregate of 865 numbera. A ploasing reflection is found in the diecovery that the list of composers ia headed by Beethosen, followed clogely by Mondelseohn, Schumann, Mozart, Wagner, and Schubert; end that many com- posers who were at ono time very popular have been discarded for others of a higher stand- ard. Many pew works bave been heard, and music has been supported liberally. Theodore Thomas has begun to reap tho fruits of his early unappreciated labors among us, and the eleven concerts given by him in two visits to the city were notable alike for the character of tho selections and the appreciation with which they wero received. The local societies, notably the Apollo Club and Beethoven Society, haveaid- odin this work of musical progress, and are themselves growing in etrength and influence. Opera, this seagon, has not been a8 plentiful as it was last, but this is explained by the failuraof Maretzek to bring hiscompanyto Chicago, owing to the financial disasters he encountered else- where. The deficiency was pattially suppliod by the amateur performances of the Lioderkranz Society. Regarded 28 & wholo, tho dramatic seagon has been equally uccessful, for the managers gon- erally announce that the financial stringency has affected them less than they had anticipated. Popular taste in dramatic matters cannot be gauged 5o easily as in music, but the records kept by the managers indicate that the highest type of dramstio ari has been, after sll, the most. remunerative; that Charlotte Cushman, Edwin Booth, Miss Neilson, and Jobn ifcCul- lough, zepresenting the loftiest and best that the wide fleld of the drams can offer, bave led in popularity.. This i3 pot con- clusive evidenco ‘of an exalied popular taste, but such an inferenco is a fair one. The failure of the comedy theatre to retain ahold upon tho public, in place of opposing this infer~ enco, confirms it; for, while its tone and direc- tion wora good and wise, it was popular, and tho public rejectod it only when 1t had nothing but mediocrity to offer. It is a healthy symptom that the verdict of tho people of Chicago has generally boon 2gainat what is impure upon tho stage, as the summary shows, and that the so-called popular entortainments have so far been held above any suspicion of immodesty. In this and in other respects, the aunual summary of amuscment matters i gratifying as it relates to tho past and encoursging as it points to the futare. An opera-house and s museum are within the possibilities of the next year, and the experience of the past indicates that Chicago will henceforth be second to no city in America in its encouragement of the dramatic and musical arts. INTERPRETATION OF THE BIBLE. One of the most important facts connccted with the controveray respecting Science and the Bible is that the interpretation of the Scrip- tures is itself a science, and a progressive one. It tho natural sciences are going through a pro- cesa of perpetual dovelopment, it is no less tius that the investigation of the two Testaments results in new and more oolightened views of their meaning in the original. Certain time- honored proof-texts, if not the dogmas they up- hold, will certeinly disappear under the * re- vision " now going on in the Jerusalem Cham- ber of Westminstor Abbey. To decide according to the evidence is as much the duty of the translator who grubs among the Greek roots of Scripture as of the scientist who sots himself to interpretthe ‘ testimony of tho rocks.” Hero, then, are two kindred veins of Divine revelation for human inquiry and industry —XNatural Science and the Science of Exogesis. Instend, thereforo, of disputing by the way as to who shall bo greatest, the workers in these veins should scok only the golden ore of truth, and give it to the world without dolay and without alloy. Think of what has boen accomplished in the department of oxegesis sinco Galileo's exegotical horesy of the earths revolution, or since the exegosis of our Puritan forefathers, which would not allow them toallow a Quaker or a witch to live. But let us look round for more recent evidence of a progressive spirit in the interpreta- tion of the letter. The right of & man to marry his deceased wife's sister, for example, is a parely exegetical question. It depends upon the meaning of a paseage in Leviticus. Our churches construe it to the advantage of the deceased wife's widower; the English Church and law so construe it as to make the children of such a marriage illegiti- mate. However, the science of exegesis has made so much progress in England that it is perfectly Scriptural, and therefors lawfal, to marry your doceased sister's hus- band in Australia, although it is- an unbiblical knot for you to tie in Great Britain or Ireland, as some have found to their sorrow. A bill bas been before Parliament several times which is designed to put an end to this exegoti- cal anomaly, and it will doubtless be before Parliament several times more before tho anom- aly is romoved. The controversy does not lose in apimation from repotition. At every onset both eides fire off their Hebraistic acumen and Levitical lore with s rancor known onlyina debate whero Lo partics are contending for an cexegesis onco delivered to the saints—boih sides being the saints. It is very absurd to most Hebrew scholars (especially the Jewish Rabbis) to sea the enemies of the unmarried sisters of deceased wives drawing such an inference from snch a text; but there is the inference, nevorthe- less, printed in the statute-book of the realm and tke Prayer-Book of the Church, where Hor Majosty's subjects are also forbidden to marry their grandfather or their grandmother ! The Presbyterian exegesis, which, until recent~ 1y, declared every form of public praizse distaste- fal to the Almighty excapt the metrical Psalms, bes subsided in nearly every branch of the Pres- byterian family ; but it will be romembered that Elder George H. Btuart was disciplined the otherday for making melody unto the Lord with a rhythmical composition of human origin. Nov, this change in hymnology is as much of a capitulation on the part of the extremo oxegeti- cals ns is the repudiation by the same party, to s growing oxtent, of the imprecatory temper in David's supplications, and of the *‘inspired” inhumanity in the O1d Testament wars. Then, what a change has come over the exe- getical mind with reference to the observance of Bunday. At one timo,—and the time is not dis- tant,—wo wero informed, by those whose busi- ness it was to inform us, that mot only was the fourth commandment transforred from the last to the first day of the weck, but that the trans- fer was made root and branch, man-servant and maid-servant, host and guest, ox and ass. Nay, more, it was to iaclude in its Inhibitory dotails what Moses could not bave dreamed of—the tel- egram, the steam-car and horse-car, and the Sunday nowspaper. In those dsys, when not tho words of Jesus but the sermons of Knox woro consulted on this question, there could be Do more pross desecration of tho Sabbath than a rido upon & strect-1nilway. To- day you may see sitting eide by side, even in a Thiladolphia horse-car, on their way to their rospective vines and Lg-treos, the demure Quakoress, tho gentecl Epincopalian, the austere Prosbyterian, the complavent Unitarian, and tho exclusive Baptist. Behold bow plessant it is Tor brethren to ride together in unity as rospects the exegesis of & commandment which probibits the horge-car on the last Bunday of one year and patronizes the same conveyance on the first Sunday of the next year. The tinkle of its little bell has, however, wo believe, never vet been suffered to disturb the stillness of an Edinburgh Sabbath, although, euch is the progress in tho science of formulating doctrines, it is not eafe to speak positively with Tespect to even Scotland, tho last strong- bold of Levitical Christianity, where there aro more illegitimate children and Sabbatarian Clristias than in any other conntrs. And, it it is true that in some of the country districts of Scotiand shaving en the Lord's day is considered & much more heinous offense than lying and cheating on any other day, this only illus- trates the multiplicity and diversity of opnion held by the exegetically-minded upon the ques- tion of Sundsy observance, Inthe Lutheran Church of Germany, the Catholio Church of France, the Protestant Churcknf Switzerland, and the Greek Church of Russls, this Isw of the Christian Sundsy is interpreted to mean that worship and preaching aze to be 2dded to recreation and pleasure. Not | that the people should enjoy themselvos leas, but their God more. Ho that tho number of those who would meko the Jewish command- ment binding upon Christians are as 10,000 to one in comparison with the numbor of those who gubstitute 3 new law as well as & now day for the old. The time will come in the progrees of exe- gotical science when those who mow sce & marital deprivation pronounced in Holy Writ upon the deceased wifo's sister, and an anathema 1sunched against cheap wines, lager-beer, and Bunday papers, will find that all these things are added unto the good Christian, if, in obtaining his Christianity, ho did not part with his com- ‘mon sense, or, in acquiring his theology, he did not take out his brains to make room for it. MISGUIDED CO-OPERATION. There are four co-operative enterprises now under way in this city. Two are productive,— the carpenters and the shocmakers. Two aro distributive—and foolish. Tho Chicago Coun- cils of tho Sovereigne of Industry bave organ- ized a co-operative store, with a capital stock divided into ehares of $10 each. The store is to be opencd when the stock has been taken, but nobody who doos not belong to the Sov- ereigns of Industry is allowed to subscribe for a share, or is to be allowed to buy any goods. Of course the projectors of the enterprise have s perfoct right to build this Chinese wsll around themselves, if they choose. They might soll stock and goods only to men with red hair or ono eye. Tho question is whether such a policy is wise. It is not neces- sary in order to keop the control of the store in tho hands of the Order. There might be o pro- vision that no outsider should hold more than a cortain number of shares, and that only a fixed proportion of the whole number of shares sold should be put into outside hands. Tho by-laws of the Co-operative Carpenters and Builders con- toin such a clause. If, however, there is great anxiety to keep all tho stock insido the Sover- eigns of Industry, why forbid non-sharcholders to buy goods at the storo? The central idea of co-operation is that it is not for one, but for all. A go-called co-cporative store that sells only to its proprietors is onme only in name. It is a close corporation, a joint-stock com- pany organized to carry on the grocery busi- ness. All tho great English stores sell to any- body whbd wishes to buy. They aim to put pure goods at wholesale prices within the reach of everybody, whether the particalar individual is a Past-Grand Highcockalorum or not. Stock- holders generally got twice s much rebate on their purchsses as non-stockholders. They have, bosides, the right to vote, and the right to use the library, reading-rooms, efc., which every well-managed co-operative store speedily builds up. These sdvantages aro naturally the exclusive property of the sharehold- ers. DBut the less fortunate can stil buy. Their trade is s profitsble one for the store. Why should it be rejected? If thisen- terprise of the Chicago Councils had been put upon a broader basis, it might have been in full blast ere now, instead of dragging slowly along. The second example of impracticable co-opera- tion is the Co-operative Temperance Association of this city. Unless its original planhas been changed, it means to serve God and mammon by promoting total abstinence and co-operation at the same time. A man who wishes to buy a paver of tacks or a bar of soap is to be made to take the pledge, with all due solemnity. Tho formula will donbtless besomewhat in this style: Clerk (loquitur): *Tacks, sir? Yes, sir. Hold up your right hand. You do hereby swear that you will never taste, touch, or handle intoxicat- ing liquor, so help you Godl Tho tacks are 10 cents!” Here is another sioro which deliber- ately shats 1ts doors to the majority of people. The failure of these two enterprises would be s matter of emall public moment; did it not in- volve throwing discredit upon tho great principle of co-operation. In this latter, perhaps, lies the rescuo of thousands end thousends from suffering and sin. It is nota light maitor that it should fail in ite first appli- cations on Western soil. The public are anxious that 1t should be Lonestly tested. Any sensible scheme, honestly managed, will secure snpport. The partial success of the Co-operative Temper- ance Association, despite its absurdity, proves thostrength of the principle. It recalls Boc- caceio's story of the Jew who went to Rome and was converted to Catholiciem. He said, in ex~ vlanation of the change, that he was convinced that any Church which conld stand such corrup- tion as he saw among the clergy of the Eternal City must be divine! Any principlo which can stand such abuse as co-operaiion has experienced in Chicago must bo true. JOEN BRIGHT OR TEMPERANCE. At a meeting held recently in London by the friends of temperance, John Bright gave expres- gion to his views on that important question. ‘What he said on that occasion deserves to be spread abroad and to bo acted npon by all who Lave the cause of temperance really at heart. It will bear repctition at every temperance meeting that shall be held hereaftor. Theadvo- cates of temperance in England. like somo advocates of tomperance in this country, want men to be made virtuous by an act of the Legis- Iature. MMr. Bright says that such legislation is imposstble in England; that if Parliament were to pass such laws a8 many of the friends of temperance asked for, it would have to repeal them in 8 week, and the whole City of London would bo in a stato of riot and insurrection. Ho might have added that, if such legislation counld be passed, it could not be enforced. It would fail to accomplish what it was intended to do. Bet- ter than sll the legislation in the world is what Ar. Bright recommends as a means of curing intemperance. He would make drinking un- fashionable. Ho would banish wine from every table and every house in England, not by act of Parliament, but by the force of public opinion. Let people of character, those who give tone to society, censo to purchaso or use liquor of any kind. Make drankeoness a social crime. Ex- clade the drinker from society. Mr. Bright him- sclf has ot bought or nsed wines or spirituons Tiquors since 1839 ; and he saya that, although the step cost him some inconvenience, he does not regret it. If all the prominent men in England would do likewiso there would not bo much need for the inter- ference of Parliament. .The contagion of their example would soon spread among thoe large por- tion of the population who take the rules of their action from those above them. 1f, added to this, a knowlodge of tho real na- ture and of the effects of alcohol on the human system were disseminated among the people, it would be hard to estimate the num- ber of converts to total abstinence. If the masges could be made to realize thatit is not by a mere figure of speech that alcohol is made a poison ; if they could be convinced that, whether taken in ‘moderate or immoderate quantities, it is always nothing more or less than a real poison to s healihy person,—as Dr. Carpenter says it is,—we think that many who now use it, belioving it harmicss, would take & long farewell of it. DOWNTRODDEN MAN. Is thero no remedy for the grievances of man? TIs he not only to be the slave of circumstanco and the shuttlecock of fate, but must ho also be the victim of lovely woman and have no power to redrees his wrongs ? We ask theae questions because Mr. Heich, of Jersey City, State of Jersey, where justice is not only blind but deaf, and dumb, and imbecile, was recently committed to jail because he would not buyhis importanate wife 2ll the bonnota ehe wanted. The victim of Mrs. Heich's fashionable ambition and the baits and nets of the milliners was a hard-working man, baving the princely income of 814 por week, upon which he had to support himself, Mrs, Heich, and the emall Heichs. It is ovident that out of such a sum ss this nothing could be saved, and that the ecissors must bo ueed very skillfully to make both ends meet. So one fine morning when Mra, Heich—who had been out the day before, and whose -eves had been dazed by the gorgeous head-fabrics in the windows, and whoso envy had been excited by the supoerior bonnets of her neighbors—ceme to Mr. Heich and demanded that ehe should have still another bonnet, the lord of the household demurred st this extraordinary demand. He even questioned the sanity of the part~ 8he had already a por of bhis bosom. neat bonnet to run to market in, and a love of & bonnet for Sunday, gay with many-colored ribbons and ornamented with 2 patch of flowers, vegetables, and grasses. Of ‘waat posaible use conld another bonnet be ? How could ho afford to devote tho larger portion of fourteen dollars to & bonnet, even if there were uge forit? Was it not his duty to render his homo comfortable and fill the insatiable mouths of the small Heichs ? Was it his duty to cumu- lato his earnings upon the head of Mrs. Heich, in the fantastic and superfluous manufacture of the milliner ? These were the considerations which induced Mr. Heich to excrcise the right of veto which appertains to the lord of the house and chancellor of the domestic exchequer. Mrs. Heich pleaded. He was firm. Mrs. Heich re- proached. He was terribly calm. Mrs. Heich stormed. Ho was steadfast. Mrs. Heich insin- uated. He was patient. MMrs. Heich wept. He was flioty. Then Mrs. Heich bronght the matter before a Jersey jury, and the Jersey jury, being intelligent and high-minded, like all Jersey jurics, docided he must bay her all the bonnets she wanted, or go to prison. -And he went. ‘Where Mrs. Heich will get her bonnets from now isa mystery; butthisis not pertinentto the question. The deplorable condition of Mr. Heich, from the joint effects of Jersey justice and Mrs. Heich's vanity, commends it- self to tho sympathy of all who love their kind. We would never oppose any well-considered effort to reform husbands. What with the flowing bowls, Masonio lodges, end engagements at the office, we are aware that women lead a wretched existence, and that they are trodden under foot with impunity. There aro husbands who are suck monsters that only temporary deprivation of liberty can bring them to the proper performance of their do- mestic duties, Nearly. all husbands need disci- plining, and, if incarceration can accomplish it, then wives ehould be justified and even en- couraged to employ it. But the unfortunate Ar. Heich was not of this kind. His case wasa sad one, and 1t suggests fresh miseries in store when that time comes in which women will have all their rights, smong them the right to have 23 many bonnets as they please. In that sad time the millinery business will be profitable. A NEW PATACEA. Dr. Chomet, a famous French physician, has published a work in which he seriously recom- mends the curing of diseases by music, instead of drugs. In advocating his theory he cites the generel offects of mausic. Apollo, with bis Iyre, it will bo remembered, made even Argus forget- ful. Orpheus subdued savage beasts. Amphion leveled the walls of Thebes, and Gideon per— formed a like operation on the walls of Jericho with his trumpot-blasts. Tyrtmus led an army into combat with his flute. During the First Re- public the Academy of Music of Paris sere- naded tbe elephants in the Zoological Gardens, and caused the pachyderms to languish, to grow excited, and to dance, at will. Dr. Chomet then cites the cases of fover patients who have been cured by the introduction of s small orchestra into their chambers. Periel conquered s des- perate caso of fover in a young lady with a fid- dle, and cured an old lady of catalepsy with half-a-dozen doses of Fronch horn. The ec- centric French poot Baudalaire, who dislik- od children, was accustomed to make thom presents of large drums, knowing the distracting effect thoy always have upon the nerves of their parents. George Sand always cured the blues with Meyer- beer's music. The Doctor's regimenis a very simple one. He advocates the use of but four instruments fo cure all the ills to which flesh is heir: the flute for gentle and melancholy pa- tients ; the violin for the excitable; the clarinet for the suffering ; and the drum for general in- firmities. This is & novel idea. It has long been known that people can be made sick with and sick of music. For instance, the heterogeneous Lucca concerts during the past week have brought a good many people to the verge of. sickness. Some amateur concerts have distressing results upon bygiene, and parlor concerts have been known to bring on serious nervous disorders. *Casta Diva,” and the * Lost, Proscribed,” from 4 Martha,” have more than once induced fevers, and some choirs in this city can bring on & head- achewithont half trying. Tomake & well mansicx there is nothing like ** With Verdare Clad,” and a whole neighborbood can be- thrown into convulgions with *“The Monastery Bells,” when administered in allopathic doses. Biliousness has mora than once been superin- duced with “The Last Man,” and we have known dreadfal profanity to result from the “*I Balen," and a whole neighborhood to be seized with an epidemic owing to the practics of scale passa- ges by vigorous yonng women. A man learning toplay a key-bugle has been known to bring on severe disorders of the stomach for a block cround him, and “Oft in the Btilly Night,"” exe- cuted by a ruthloas and reckloss French hornist, in the dead waste of night, has sent many a vic- tim to tho insane asylum. These facts are well known and can be sathenticated, and Dr. Cho- ‘met haa undoubtedly seized upon them, aad, upon the principle that what will produce disease will cure it (as invaccination), has atilized it. We are surprised, however, that he should have limited his materis musics to so emall & number of instruments, and should have chosen those harps, accordions, and hand-organs; Iying loose, and to be had for almost nothing, he could have arranged & - pharmacopis which would have been of general utility. All physicians know that it is of the utmost importance to rouse pa- tients from their apathy and supéiinduce a vig- orous exercise of their wille.” What would se- cure these results with more certaioty than a hand-organ ground by an athiletic grinder, and set to & limited number of cheap tunes, like the * Sabre of My Father” and * Hear Mo, Norma?” Just as there is nothing which will so effectually break up a severe cold as to give the patient a rum-sweat and set the blankets on fire underneath him, so there is nothing which would rouse s patient like a hand-organ well ground by a devoted and tireless virtuoso. With these simple agencies much'may be done, and wo have no doubt- that some of our physicians, hnproviog upon Dr. Chomet's discovery, may combine them so as to apply them in cases of epidemics like the cholers and yellow-fever. A regiment of hand-organs or three or four hun- dred parlor-concerta given simnltaneously in & plague-iufected town would nndoubtedly en- gender an excitement among the victims which would lead to their speedy recovery and the alaughter of the performers also. THE BCIENTIFIC MAN. We are familiar with Huxley’s famous defiui- tion of the ecientific mind. MIr. Francis Galton has supplemented it with an essay on “The Natare and Nurtoreof Men of Science,” in which he discusses the habits, .tastes, modes of thought, and bodily characteristics of the “priesthood of the future.” He sent a cate- gory of questions to 180 Fellows of the Royal Bociety who are of scientific ropute. The 115 replics furnish the data from which he draws his inferences. The first notable charactoristic of the scientific man is energy. One scientist writes: ** Have rowed myself ina 8kiff 105 miles in twenty-one hours whilet under- graduate in Cambridge. Rowed in every race during my stay at the Univeraity; rowed two years in the University crews.” The foes of physical culture a¢ college will please notice this reply. Another man * walked many a time fifty miles & day. without fatigue, and kept up five miles an hour for three or four hours.” Still another ‘“excelled at school and college in athletic sports, especislly in jumping (eighteen fect); almost incapable of men- tal fatigue up to the sage of 38; usually engaged in literary work until long after midnight?’ This man is surpassed, howerver, by one who writes: “*Asa boy of 17 I worked for three months all day and all night, with not ‘more than four or five hours' sleep. When fall of & subject and interested in it, I have written for seven or eight hours without interruption.” The fifth answer quoted caps the climax: *In early life, a8 a boy, I wasengaged in business from twelve to fourteen hours a day, yet always found time to stody and make my own instraments. Later on my studies and scientific work were alwaya accomplished after business hours, and it was generally my habit to commence after dinner, and to work at science until2, 3, or 4 a. m,, and to begin business again at 9a.m. I never thought of rest if I had anything in hand of interest.” Oddly enongh energy scems to be related in some way to emallness of the skull. The average circumference of the skull of an English gentleman is from 22}{ to 2234 inches. Thirteen of the noted English sclentists have skulls under 22 inches. Only eight have them 24 inches and over. The former are the more energetic. This rule secms, however, to be un- proved. Whatever may be the case with indi- viduals of the same nation, the small-ekulled races do not exceed the others in energy. It would be natural to suppose that such workers would suffer from ill-nealth, but this is not the case. On the contrary, the second sclen- tific characteristic, according to Mr. Galton, is good health. One-fourth of the men who have answered his queries have *excellent or good health; sanother fourth have *good or fair"; and still another have had **gocd " healtb since reaching manhood. The remainiog fourth aro not in such prime condition. The parents of scientists have generally beon very healthy. Henco Mr. Galton deduces that ¥ is an impossi- bility for the children of invalids to gain emi- nence. The school of thought to which he be- longs would dedece from this the duty of the State to forbid marriages between invalids. The next characteristics are steady pursuit of purpose and busincss habits. The fifth is inde- pondence of character. This 18 very strongly developed. Mr. Galton thinka that only two of his correspondents have too little of it, and thst fifty of them have too much, One says that his ¢ opinions are in almost all respects opposed to those in which ke was educated.” Another writes that he has ‘‘a preference for whatever is not in fashion.” Many of them belong to un- fashionable sects,—Quakers, Unitarians, Mora- vians, Bible Christians, Sandemanians, etc. Scientists are not emotional. *In many respects theoir character is strongly anti- feminine.” They are “dovoid of partisanship,” Mr. Galton thinks. The Saturday Review takes issue with Mr. Galton here, and wisely. Bcien- tists are bitter in their partisanship. Huxley's books are disfigured by lavish abuse of Owen. Tyndall has been expelled from the Englich Alpine Club for slandering sanother scientific member of it. The fact is that Mr. Galton’s dats, fornished as they are by the very men whom they depict, are inevitably moroe or lees rose-colored, and consequently untrustworthy. The final characteristic is an inrate love of science. Many of the writers cannot remembar when their studiesbegan. The Saturday Reciew very justly remarks that all theso peculiarities, with the siogle exception of the last, mark near- 1y all prominent men, whether ecientific or not. Itsays: “If Mr. Galton had sent out his cir- culars to 180 eminent merchants, engincers, sol- diers, cotton-spinners, or artists, he would prob- ably have received pretty much the same replica s from his 180 Fellows of ‘the Rozal Society.” The essay-writer built more broadly than he knew. Insketching the ‘‘nature and nurture of men of gcicnco,” he described the natare and nurture of the men who make their merk, in science and out of i It is an anomalous state of things that, while thore are more houses to rent than thore were before tho 1st of May, the boarding-houscs are full of discontented and homeless people. In New York and Boston, where much the same siate of affairs prevails, landlords (since women will not submit to the drudgery of old-fashioned housekeoping, and men will not foot the bills,) are reconstructing the old honses and building npew ones, 80 that families may live on floors. 2 CUniary ang that should induco capitalists to oy 2% gy widely in this stslo of bulding, 7y fllustrate the aystem of “Flass » o p,;:*'gsf-“’ of 2 plan now in operation and another 5 % for futare construction, by e —— The Congressional contest botween ¢, R well and Washington Hesing, on thy 'l. T 8ide,” is becoming extremely anipy;, by TRIBUNE reporter was detailed yes:ufl::; plore tho field. An interviow with gy g Junior, establishes the fact that he i y - in dead earncst. Nir. Farwell’s pringipg among the Germans is Jacob Rehm, thy intendent of Polics, thongh Mr. Repy estly disclaims any political intention g A “row" between Hesing and Rehm 5 -M an interesting event o the body polis; iy theless, it seems to be imminent. Ty, 1o oters of the North Division generaly Afr. Hesing. The Gormans seem to g for the candidates as individuals, bt u.,:f mined to tosch the Repnhlicmpxn,.hh; and to vote down currency-inflation, —— The President's letter to Senator .'mq Nevadd, in favor of a return to specia p.,Mfl produced a tremend>us commotion g ‘: politiciaos at Washington Yesterday, ey gold to decline to 110; The following advertisement, which from tho Pall-Mall Budgel, is & good agge ! to our oditorial in last Sanday's issue, an s Seven [English] Women Have Doga» - ISS STRIDE'S M REA) M Eireeh Raeirsamoni®y & OR2AT cony ONODASE BECRE ks The Rer. George Hough, M. 4. . P. ¥. Johnson, Kaq. PP A A= 3 young woirien linvo Been reclaimed by i Funds are greatly necded, and earnsst ding ted vnr'a'inu"x.-.‘*‘t [] moet Lho comiing expansos connoct eray. Topdon aud \Vn'?uflfi?«'s.ni.‘"aflg: P i fu‘ff“x‘n'mn- f old clotlies thsakfally recermdta g ark that sentence: “4,898 youn, have been reciaimed by this mem’n‘." e of institutions which are half-brutally uite; * Homes for Fallen Women" can take nesif hint from the title of this ons. It is notgmy policy, if you wieh to reclaim 8 ginner, o pry her in an institation the very name of wkit 5 & constaut sign of her sin. —_— Mgr. Dupsnloup, the Bishop of Orleans, tyy gona to Roma to obtain the canonization of Jo of Arc. The lawyers ot the Vatican, entertain some grave doubts as tothe Tightaet the Maid in this regard. Itis not only ume. tain whether she had the four cardinal andts, three theological virtues neccasary for » mir, bat questions have also been raised whethar ke reputed execution did not occur at the instirsy of & Bishop of the Church. It would bey curious anomaly if the Catholic Church shoni; make a eaint out of a woman in 1874 whomi burned as a gorceress in 1431 THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD, Reminiscenscs of the Dayo of Siare ery. Garzspree, TIL, June 1, 157, To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune : ¥ Sm: The approsching reunion of ths ol Abolitionists is bringing to mind manys hult- buried recollection of tho dark days whith ot tried the soul of the fugitive's friecds” A fay of these reminiscenses, coming from oos yko shared largely in the events, msy prors of ine tereat At the present time. Ay homs ‘in Taze~ well County was one of the principal stations ea that line of :: THE. USDXEGROUND BAILEOLD which, from twenty-five to thirty years a0, tended from St. Louisand the Missouri bare der up through Sangamon, Tasswell, and Pui nam Counties, Canadaward. Many of the old agents and condaotots of tha line still live and flourish there, but they ahed no tears of regret over their lost occupation. Among them are the Roberts, the Mathews, the Waters, the Crandalls, the Scotts, and Dutions, of Tazewell Conuty, and the XMorses, of Wool- ford. The number passed over this line by the per- pons named might be enumerated by ibe hundred, and their cash-value estimated byths hundred thousand. Bo brisk s business, of course, compelled organization; but 1t wm organization which grew up by force of circum- stances. . Thero wore noarticles of incorpon- tion ; no stock-subscriptiona wore opened ; ad no advertieing was done, oxceptsuchas ths Company received gratuitonaly. The trins were not run by telegraph, and yet there wasno time-table. All trains wera wild trains, sad er- ceedingly irrogular at that ; and, what waa mest singular of all, they were freightad only one way. This will probably scoount for the infrequenst of collisions. But it waa still s lifa of ANXIETY ASD PERIL. Not only were thess friends and h:]Qen of the fugitivo in davger from the “ owners,” who, oot unfrequently, armed with tho authe of bz, tracked him ncross the State, but o pricams pat upon their beads, and they wera besst by Epies !:mnng their own neighbora and ostensible friends, who were oxceedingly keen-scentédto get the'wind of *a nigger in tho fence.’ Notonly wasit & work of anxisty nni&mfi. but one which in no_small degreo tazed the means and cnergy of those who wero engagedit it, My father, with three brothers, who 0X- pied adjoining farms, entertained hundreds of theee runaways, taking them 10 and 15 miles 63 their way,—in many instances fezding thami some place of concealment for dsys and erea woeks,—and all withont the reward of a fartl In Europe this habit of living was long ago adopted. In another column we give the history of the most notable experiments in apartment houses that have been made in New York, Boston, and Chicsgo, fogether with ing, except as every charitablo deed is it ovnre- e “Tdoubt not the same might be said of most if not all of those who sided the cauts Any or all of them conld be relied upon to fur out auy night, in spite of darkness, or storm, ot windy weather, to transport the fugitive onhit way to 8 land where darkness and concealmen! were no longer neoded to 1prouu:t the innocent from the clutches of tho lsw. 7 They wero often called ot npon this servics night after night 1n succesaion. SELDOM DID A WEEK PASS i without one or more calls, except -ix the deadol winter; and, evea during that season, msy braved tho honnin‘box{t enow and frost in tbeit eager pursnit of liberty. . : Encl]: of these cnllsymemt a ride by night 10 and 15 miles and back,—not over macsdsmized roads, behind premium trotters, but behind 3 span of jaded farm-horees (for theee men wert all bard-working farmers), alog byways 4x from the thoroughfare, or ncross an untrodies desert of prairic, where DO night-promler e inhuman than the grny wolf was likaly to be e countered. It meant & day to follow of woary toil aftor & night of nnrost and soxiety. The recollection of these days g8 to m‘_flh a crowd of thnlling incidents, some of whic! coma vividly snd frosh to view, and others &7 dimned by the mists which obscure the distsy horizon :Zr mlon'z Afew of theze incidents I ¥ venture to relate. 3Most of tho runaways wero from Missourl wrg had fled to escape tho horrors of the s_an-hfi cottor-flelds or sugar-plantations, to which tbe; Lad been doomed. ~ Few seem to Lisve medi flight oxcept under the near progpect of fate, which they seomed to dread more death itself. & The first one, however, whom I remember bave seen at Ty fathors house, after Lavitd been taken South from Western Alissour, LSCAPED FEOM LOTISIANA, and had made Lis way back over wll that \ifi“mf distance. I was alad of 10 years, and becss quite attacled to him in the weok that bo & with us, though it was pot uotil after 8028 woeks that I lesrned from my parents ("0 somowhat distrusted my boyish diseretion) fact that he was a runawzy slave. o The next was a handsome mulatto-man, ™ o body was welted with festeriug gores. the fesbcl of a whipping hoe bed received by order entlo mistress. B From that time, for fivo_successivo yatrt 1 eablo procession movea beforo the eyes of Zo% ory like s contsntly-shifting panorsms. The come singly and in troops,—men, wOmeR, & children,—sometimes fifteen or twenty in 2 &% gle company. Iremember s man withs E“'l 18, with straight hair and bluo eyes, and a8 w4 Anglo-Ssxon features na anybody's A"Jlflsa ould bosst. Sho wis the black man's daughter, & shn;, l].:ld sbout to have been on the auction-block. With one somewhat numerons company ws