Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 31, 1874, Page 9

P - Antioch. . . . Aatioch.” THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, MAY 31, 1871 Fgrst, Temail Pacbn, to institute judicial ro- Tom, tbo essentis! feature of which is a system F ivunsls upon which shall. be conferred ex- eivo jurisdiciion of all civil cases to which e ives and Franks are parties, tho Judges to bo “,,u pative and partly Frank, The assect of pearly all the forsign Powers bas Leen obtained, ko now courts wilt be put in operation this yeure ——————— PAPER-MONEY IN ANCIENT TINES. During the dircussion of the finmcinlAqneafiun {a Congress and in the press, last winter, the 12 & was freauently advanced that the world kad ot P e ideas of monoy bitherto prevalent, ondg‘r:“ it was to be hoped that in the enlight- :fia inoteentls conturs the United States would t return to an obzolete and barbarous moue- B iystem.—mesning epecie. An inconvertible B acr, it waa claimed, uch 05 e possosed, o carrency better than metallic; and the em- ¢ » medium of circulation WITHOUT INTRINSIC VALUE 38 hailed a8 oue of the great inventions of the . When Senator Schurz showed Ly quota- o from the Travels of Marco Polo tha: cen- ies 2go the Cliuése were nequainted with and + epecics of monoy not differing essentially weea plosment of ?fi. \be greenvack, the new school of finan- r‘fm stood sghast st the discovery that their e em was not original. Sinco Mr. Sehurz de- Trered bis epeech, a French economist, Mr. A. X. Demmasdakis, bae publishod s valueble pape, in D ieh ho traces tho Listory of incocvertible cur- Toncioa—i. ¢, of oarrencies without intrinsic F\lue—in Lacedemonis, Carthage, Rome, Rus- Y, Chics, Pesss, ele. The only diffesence be- green the SCONVERTIBLE CTBRENCIES OF ANCIENT TRIES s sbose of our own is, that the latter arein peper, the former were of parchment, leather, ymail pieces of skin, tin, pewter, iron, etc. sshunes, tho disciple of Socrates, thus de- sembes the mones of the Carthagenians : Jowsmall piece of leatler they envelop s some- {iogof tae fizoof s plece of money eauiralent to ferdrachmas; but what is coutained in the enveiopo f a¢ Enown except those who have manufactured it. B e actled, they are put in circulation, and the per- O ¥ho lisd ot of them is connidered to Lave most A er, and 10 bs the richest citizen, But, no matter B nutny of them one of us should have, Lie would b ietter of than if they were so many pebbles. . . $n Ecalopis, engraved stopes are used ss moncy, but I scedemoutaa could mako no s of them, » Asistides, tho orator, says: *The Dyzantines coin iron, and the Carthagenians stamp leather.” Between the money of the Carthageniaus and THE GREENBACK {hers is no difference. The escential character of both is the absence of intrinsic valae. The Jron. money of the Lacedemonians had some yaice; and the engraved stones of the Carthe- genisns, though not precions stones, were fire enongh to endow them with some also. Thst such money was known in Rome is evi- Jext from the words of Seneca: ““A debtor is ome who owes gold, or leather struck witha gublic mark, such as was used by the Laco- Zemomans, among whom it beld the place of movey.” Isidore of Seville says: ‘It was of {be skins of animals that money wes cat and famped.” In Russip skins wero st one timo the circulating medium. On account of their inconvenience, the Government had small picces cut out of them, and then withdrew the skins from circulation, nsing the small pieces slono to represent them—the ekins themselves remaining in the Government treasury. It hap- pened thet THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT ras onco in noed of mone, and, as it conld manufacture this =pecies easily and at little expense, it was ordersd that & number of tkins should be cut iato small pieces. This was done, the piecea of skin wero sealed by the Government, and made to pass current as money. At first these small pieces of gkin were redeemabls in the wholes from which they had been cut. Later, when tho needs of Biste de- fosnded it, they were made inconvertible. n & work containing fragments from Aloxan- drian authors, edited by Hultche, weread: I am scquainted also with 8 wooden talent at As to the wooden talent of Alexandriz, it differs about one-fifih from that of Here was AMONLY MADE OF WOOD. . Aristotle mentions & people who struck iron money, and gave it circulation, estimating 1t ag it were co much silver. In his Economics he cites the followicg fact: *Denys the Ancient, wanting money, caused pewter money o be struck, szd convoking an assembly of the peo- ple, he spoke to them 8o favorably of the new money, that he persuaded tho citizens to em- ploy it.” Pollux relates the samo fact: “Denys the Ancient,” he savs, *having had pevter money struck, compelled the Syra- cueans to umse it instead of silver, snd this money was worth four attic arachmes imstesd of ome.” The following factis also related by Aristotle: * Timotly, the Athenian, being epgaged in a war with the Olsnthisns and being in need of money, had copper money struck, and distributed it smong the eoldiers, who became very indignant thereat. He then told them, and the merchanta snd ail who were engaged in trade, togo on buying, that with the copper they conld parchase what they . wanted ; and that if sny remained over bevond what toey needed for buying and selling hio would exchange it for silver. I cETNA, Taper mopey wae known as far back as the year WSbefore Christ. Parchment or pioces of card wers uged sometjmes instead of paper. They wero provided with the Government seal, and Wers used genorally in trading. Pieces of skin #ad pleces of berk also wero made to do servics asmoney in tho Celestial Kingdom. A Mobam- medsn traveler, Chuk-Ibu-Batontah, who visited China sbont the miadle of the four- * teenth century, says of the inhabitants : * They nes in their commercial traneactione neither gold Bor silver, They buy and sell by means of pieces of paper, each one of which is about the size of the palm of your hand, and bears the mark of & teal Twenty-five of these notes are called balicht, which means & piece of gold. When any one has mutilated bills on his hands he takes them to an estsblishment like the mint, where, tipon sorrendering them, ho gets new onesin the Blace of them. THE WORKINGS OF PAPER MONEY In China were not aifferent from what they have beea elsewhers. From time to time the peopls febelled o account of its use or abuse, and as- Asscinated a Mandarin or terminated a dynasty. Muatsoulin, a Chinese philosopher, had pretty f%omrect notions of the paturs of monsy. He theught banks were very useful institutions, but l{m the Government shiould bave aslittlo a8 pos- tible to do with them. Of paper money he uyB: “Paper ghonld mot be made money. 1t hould be used only s a ign of valus, and thould bo a¢ 21l timesredeemsble in the pre- cions metals. At first there was the role played Piper movey in trade. Government borrowed ths idea of this money from individaals, and Wi'nvurad to use it as real money, thus divert~ Iogit fram its original purpose, and bringiog it .Efioé&cmfit.“ “To use paper,” he continnes, & movey, is o use it in a manner altogether e, However, wo have come to such a pass 438 wretchad rag, scarcely a foot square, and ealied tebhn, sufiices to procuro ono tho necessa- Tesof life." That there wera CHINESE INFLATIONISTS B attestod by the fact related by Theon- that at one time a rice cake cost 10,000 of =etenotes. It would thus seom that the ques- 92 0f redeemabls or irredcemable currency was and decided centuries ago by the Chi- 3tse. If the sdvocates of inflation knew & little Bors of history, they would know more of S P Avother fatal result from esting ratw ham has 4 2t Sangatuck, Mich. A Mr. and Mre. MDowell, after partaking of hem in this condi- were attacked by trichina spiralia, and died. fter several hundred more cases of desth from practice have been chromicled, people will Bubably begin to let raw bam alone, but, at Fresent, the fagcinstion for trichina spiralis BMSix 10 B ag sizong as that of servant-gils to light fires with kerosene, and theroby enjoy voi- untary martsrdom. Unloss & statutecan be passed forbidding the practice, it is evident there are many more people deetined to et raw hem aud fell victims to the trichiaa. B S Sl e BOOKS OF TRAVEL. NORTHERN CALIFORNI SANDWICH TSLAN thor of Califor Residence,” etc., etc. York : Harper & Bros, A LAWYER ABROAD: Wint 70 SEE, AND HoWw T §ve Tr. By Hesey DAY, of the Bar of New Yort, 12mo., pp. 33, New York: Robert Carier & Bros, ir. Nordhoff hss a genius for traveling. The majority of mankiud have a taste for it,—a lik- ng for the novelty aud recreation it afforda; but very few are theéy who havo the instinet and the ability to utilize the multifarious opportuni- ties, and compel each to yield the ntmost cuter- tainment and instruction it has in store. This rare power has Mr. Nordhioff. It is in part owing to a natural faculty, and in part to the propitious diecipline ho has had in joutnalism, where ono I8 trained, like tho artist, to habits of close ob- servation, quick comprehension, and rapid and graphic roproduction. Tu his former volume upon California, Mr. Nordhoff gave s splendid specimen of his pe- oulisr gift as a tourist and & sight-geer. A pen- dant, equaling tho first in every respect, is pro- duced in the work now before us. It is a his- tory. & guide-book, aud an itinerary, all in one; and each is exbaustive, trustworthy, and fasci- nating. Mr. Nordhoff began bis journey with an exploration of the Sandwich 1slands,—a Kingdom with which every one supposes bimself to ba fa- miliarly scquainted, because its name is con- stantly in the newspapers. Mr. Nordhoff teaches overy one his mistake by presenting & mass of information regarding the islands, which, if it be not wholly nev, is so minute and comprehen- sive in detail, and 8o agreeably related, that it has all the charm and forco of a fresh com- munication. The Hawaiian group comprises loven islands, which together contaiu about 6,000 square miles. All are of volcanic origin, are oxceedingly moun- tainous, and covered with active and extinct craters. Tho climate is ono of the most equable aud agroeabloin the world,—the temperature varying from 86 deg., in the hottest days in summer, to 63 deg. in the coolest of winter. The summits of the highest peaks are covered. with perpetual enow, whilea constant breeze pre- vents sultriness in the valleys below. The islands were discovered by Capt. Cook, in 1778,—a year and a half aftor the Declaration of Independence. Thelrinhnbitants were then naked aud untutored savages, igmorant of everything OREGON, AND THE By Cuarrrs Noronors, For Uealih, Pleasure, sud Square 8 vo.,'pp. 250, New pertaining to Christisnity and civilization. In: 1820, the first missionaries landed op their shores. Thirty-throe years afterwards, the natives were 8o thoroughly Christianized as to noed no fonger tho aid of tho American Bonrd of Missions ; and fifty-three years after,—that is, at tho present date,—they are probably the most genorally-cducated’ peopie o tho globo. Thore scarcely & mun, woman, or child—of suitablo ago—that cannot both read and write, Education is compulsory, and every cluld is perforce an in- mato of tho tchools duriug its youth; while a special tox of $2 on eacn voter, in addition to a general lovy, provides the means for its instrue- tion. It cost the Board of Missions £903,000, and the dovoted lsbors of s littlo bund of missionarics during thirty-five years, to convert tho Hawai- iaus to Christiamty ; but to-day they are them- selves supporting s missionary socioty, and cending tie Gospel to eavage islands at their own cost. One native church in Honolula con- tributes annually €1,200 to forcign mission: Neat and comwodious churches and school~ ‘Thouses dot their islands,—marking tho distances with almost the regularity of milc-stonos. On Sundays, the iobabitants collectively gather in their places of worelp devoutly heeding the service, aud joining their voices In singivg—to the accompsuiment of well-played orgaus—the tunes famuliar in church and Sunday-school throughout the Clristian world. On week-days, {he children aro busy with their lossons, show- ing an intelligence quito oqual to that displayed by the offspriog of older civilizations; while every man sud woman, after the sccusiomed Work is ovor, isto be recn diligently poriug overa book or & newspaper. ‘It would hardly do,” writes Mr. Norahoff, ‘“to compare tlie Hawaiian people with thoso of Now Eugland ; bat they will compare favorably, in comtort, in intelligence, 1n wealth, in morals, and 1n happi- ness, with the common people of most Euro- pean Dations.” iy > To illustrate, the simplicity of menners which the pative Hawniian, in many instauces, sdll re- tains, notwithstanding the culture of his mind and conscionce, we borrow an mmusing incident Which euhivened Alr. NordhofI's experience : As we rode, ons day, mear the seashore, T hieard voices among the racks; sad, sending the guide ahead ith 1lie horses, I walked over to tie shore with the Jady and cluldren who Wero my comnaulons. Tuera wo xao & sight characteriatic of thess islands. Threa women, decently clotied in 8 garment which coverod Them ffom head to foot, and & wan with only s breech- clout on, were dashing’ into the surf, picking up sca- Tnoss, and & ittle umivalve slell, » Lipet, which they Pung into small baskets which hung from their sho- ders, They wore, in fzct, getiing their suppers, and ey were quite as much surprined st our appearauce 35 we at theirs, They cameout politely, and showed ihe children what was in their baskets ; the man, un- Qurstanding that our Lorves had goue ‘abezd, volun- $oered to piiot us over the rocks to a village near by, I do not imsgine that he wes embarraascd st Jack of clothing; and, after the first shock of surprice, I am quifs sure we Wre more inclined to admire his straight, muscular figure, and Dis sbining, dark skin, than to complain of his na~ odnees, resently, howaver, he slipped away fato the Dush, and reappeared in a liat, and a shirt which was #0 eliort that every Little girl burst into laughter at this Hdiculous and futile effort toward decency; end, Thus srrayed, and with the kindly and gracious smile which {lluminates s Hawnain's face when he;puta bim- self to some troublo on your account, this funny guide led us to our horses. ‘In the evening, I relsted ihe Incldent to our host, sn old resident, ana said: I suppose this man could 96ad 77 +Resd!™ Le roplied; “Le can resd and Treite a8 well 38 you. I know bm very well; he is & “rous man, and is to be the next Justico of tha pr Peace in that district. Hedoubtless went home and #pent the remainder of the aftcruoon i rosding his nowspaper. ‘According to the census of December, 1872, the inhabitants of tho Sandwich Islsnds num- berod 56,897, of whom 51,631 were natives sud half-castes, and 5,366 were foreignera. Of this population 6,580 are Jand-holders, —that is, more Than ouo in every eight. The Chinese form a large and useful element among the foreign opulace. Thoy were_introduced as Coolie la- Porers on the plantations; but, by intermiarry- fng with tho native women, they bave established a pormanent residence on the islands. Their childron are healthy and bright, and take to Jearning with the ssme facility ss the pure Hawaiisns. Thero srono beggars por public paupers in all the Kingdom, excopt the inssne PG are cared for in an asylum at Honolulg, an the lopers, who are confined upon the Island of lokai. u;n view of the facts which we have related, it {s surprising to learn that tho native population of the Sandwich 1slands has decroased over 60 per cent in forty years. In 1832, the Hawaiisng amounted to 130,315 souls; in 1835, they bad diminisbed to 108,579; in 1840, to 82,208; in 1830, to 69,584 in 1860, to 59,765; and, in 1872, to 51,531. 1t i contact with the white raco that bas caused this rapid decrease. The prodigions changs from wild and free methods of life to the habits prescribed by civilization has necessarily impnired tbeir constitutions and woakened their power of resisting disease. Add to this the in- froduetion of maladies peculiar to sn_slien _peo- ple, which have corrupted thoir blood and boen Transmitted to their progeny, aod we have & clue to the reasons why the Hawsiinos, like every sboriginal people, melt away in the presenca of the pale-faces as the frost malts before the sun. Tho Sandwich Islands offer but little induce- ment to the American emigrant. Although Their climate is exceptionally salubrious, thewr yogatation various snd luzurions, their inhabi- T native and foreign—most intelligent and respectablo, the wealth and industnies of the Islands are not susceptible of any great in- onao. Tho land is not adspted to extensivo enterprises in agriculturs, But fow articles can be raised in sufiicient quantities to creato & flourishing commerce. Attempts have Dbeen made to cultivate coffes, cottom, cacao, cions. e pepper, and allspico ; but they have not Deen prosperous. The staple products of the Islands would seem to be reducu@ to sugar an Tice. The native Hawaiin will live comxarubl; 25 happily upon the produce of & few acres o lava-soil, which he cultivates with jmmenso paina, ngainst infinite disadvautages. So poor & Peward for uch tiresome lsbor would l-guit the Yankee ambition; and it is lilrely t.!.t._nt the future population of the Islands will cansxfld principally, as it does nosw, of Hawaiians ani Chiness, and & mixture of the two races. Lk There is but an_inconsidersble local market, and the United Staiesbasa monopoly of Ha: iian commerce. In 1871, thers were exported 21,760,778 pounds of sugar; 19,384 Lides; 185,7 240 pounds of tallow; 58,900 poat-gking ; _8n¢ 471,706 pounds of wool. Perichable fruits have bat » limited chance for export, &3 the passage to Ban Francisco is apt to be prolonged on ac- count of adverso winds. Only 4,520 Vanches of bananas were shipped in 1872, 'The same year, 2,000 ponnds of kukul, or candic-nuts, were ex- ported; 20,232 pounds of sazdal-wood ; 950 cocoa- nuts ; 421,227 pounde o pulu,—a woft down col- lected from a forn, and used for bedding; and 82,161 vounds of au edible fangus, consumed by the Clinese. & Mr. Nurdhofl devotes tho concluding chapter flpol,z the Sandwicl: Jstands to the Leper Asylum on Molokai. From the evidence he wus xble to lean, tie concludes that the leprosy of Hawaiia 18 not the leprosy of the Seripturas ; aud that it is Dot contagicus, except by actual inoculation. The disease is deemed incurable after it has passed beyond the earliest stages ; hence, he who 18 sent to Molokai is adjudged civilly dead. There 210 at present 804 lepers on the islands, 8ince January, 1865, 1,160 lepers havo boen con- fined in the ecttlement, 758 of whom wero males and 422 fomales. About 50 of these were chil- dren. Lepe:s are sterilo, and no children have been born upon-the island. The Governmeut provides each leper witli 2 house; and, if au adult, furnishos him with three pounds of poi—the national dish, composed of a paste manufac- tured from the taro-root—per day, and three pounds of ealt salmon, or five pounds of fresh beef, per week. The lepers aro encouraged to work by the payment of suitable remuneration; aud every ouo_who is atrong enough to ride Las horse at bis command. Strange to ray, the community i a cheerful 'and contented oue. We bave giveu 80_much space to Mr. Nord- bof's notes on tho Sandwich Islands that we must deal briefly with the remainiug portion of bis volume. It is occupied with a mivuto and faithful account of the nutural products, tho in- dustries, tho commerco, the present dovelop- mont, and the fature promise, of Northern Cali- fornia and Oregon. We can imagine nothing which the traveler or tho settler in those coan- tries wonld desiro to kuow, thathas not here been communicated. = Leaviog the voluminous and valuable crowd of statistics to the oxamina~ tion of thoso who have an especial intorest in them, we shall contine ouraelves to the quota- tion of & sivglo paragraph, which contains a lively picturo of the Digger Indian: Riding through the foot-bills near Rocklin,—where I had been visiting a weli-kept sheep-farm,—1 saw a curious and unexpected sight. Thereare still o few wretched Digger Indians i {his part of California; and what I ssw was a party of these cnguged in catehl ing grusshoppors, which they boil and eat. They dig number of funnel-shaped holes, wido at the top, and 18 inches deep, on & cleared space ; aud then, with Tage and bruah, drivo the grasshoppers toward theso holes,—forming, for that purpase, a wide circle. It iv slow work, but they eecem to delight in it and their oxcitement was great as thoy neared thocircls of holos, and the insects began to hop and fall into them. Atlast they were driven into the holes ; wherenpon hats, aprons, bags, and rags, wera stuffed in to pre- ent the multitudes from dispersing ; and then began the work of picking them out by Landfuls, crushing them roughly in the hand to keep them quiet, and crowiling them into the bags in which they wera to be carried to their rancheria, “ Sweet—ali pame pudding,” cried an old woman to ‘mo, as I stood loaking on. The publishers have given Mr. Nordhoff's work a handsome sotting. To crown its attractions, there is a geueral collection of beautiful wood- outs, and & map of the Hawaiian Archipelago, The autbor of *‘A Lawyer Abroad” is ani- mated by much the samo motive thst iuspires Mr. Nordboff. He travels in order to scquiro thas information which he caunot obtain at home. He carcfully collects and verities tbis, and then publishes it for the beneiit of inquiring minds like his own, to save them the trouble of ropeating hia investigations. Thus it Lappens that his journey, which passes over the hack- neved route of transatlantic travel, is replete with new and valuable instiuction. As a lawyer, Mr. Day naturally inquires, in every foreign country he enters, into tho foundation aud the practical workings of its civil and political insti- tutions; aud, a8 a religions man, full of active aud intelligent interest in tho advance of Chriu- tianity, ho oxamines into tbe coudition of its churches, its missions, and its charities. He cumbers his pages with Tew porsonal incidonts. These, he wiscly judges, will not vary greatly from the experience of tho legion of tounsts who have gone before him. He applies himself sedulously to the accommulation of facts which reveal the moral aud material progress of na- tions, and which are worth every sensible per- son's attention. Bubjecting his volumo to the same treatmont 28 Mr. Nordhofl's, we gather from it the follow- ing intereating items, which we present without much attempt at coherent arrangement : In 1811, Troland bad over 8,000,000 inhabitants; it has now less than 5,500,000, It bas zn area four times the size of the State of AMassschusetts,— that is, of about 32,000 square miles ; and about the same number of inhabitants to the square mile, Yet, with this small population, its people are often reduced to starvation, and 76.000 of them are habitual paupers. Within the last ten yoars about 1,000,000 or thie Irion had crmigrated to the United States. The soil of ireland, ex- clusive of the towns, is owned by 19,500 propri- ctors, who hold, on an_average, over 1,000 acros each. One-sixth of tho whole ixland is owned by non-residents. Into these few pregnant sen- tences is coudensed tho past and the present history of the Emerald Ixle. England and Scotlaud bave adopted, by recent legislation, & eystem of compnlsory education, which obliges the children of all classes toat- tend school, and receive cach yeara certain amount of instruction. Itisleft to the local autharities to decide for themselves thoe question of introducing the Piblo into their echools. The Tniversity of Oxford, witls an income of £400, 000, educates yearly 1,800 students, The Uni- versity of Edinburgh, with an income of £20,000, educates yearly 1,600 studonts. Education is compuleory, as arule, in the Ger- man States, There are twenty-one universities in the Lmpire, a:tended by about 16,000sindents. Protestant theology is taught in fourteen of these, and fonr are distinctively Roman Catholic. In Switzerland, every hamlet haviug twenty children within its precincts must support & school, and every child must attend school s cor- tain portion of czch year. The schools sustained by the hamlets are catled primary, and those sus- tained by the Cantonslazecalied burgher schoots. Every nine Cantons has a upiversity, while the united Republic maintains oue great échiool, the Polytechnic, which is located at Zurich. The snnual expense of Switzerland for ber schools is over $2,000,000,—more than the entire cost of her army. Tt may fairly be said that every boy and girl in the Republio can read and write. Btill, the grade of cducation varies in_different Cantons,—the standard being much higher in Protestant Cantnns than in Catholic. Holland has Iately inaugurated a very thor- ough aud expousive system of edacation, and every child is expected to attend tho primary schools. It is estimated that, of the rural popu- 1ation, ope-fourth of the adult mon and one-third of the sdalt women are unablo to read or wiite. In Greece, education_is froe, even in the gym- nasis, the theological, law, and medical schools. Ont of a population of 50,000 in Athens, 10,000 are engaged in the schoole. either as teachers or pupils. The present Khedive has re-established Government Bchools thronghout Egypt, and education is becoming popular among the masses, Thero are now 85,000 pupils under in- struction in the primary schools in the various towns, and in the military and polytechnic schools in Cairo. The Protestant Church has established, ss the result of forty years’ labor in Turkoy, 225 mis- sion-schools, with 8,000 pupils ; four theological sominaries, with 100 students ; and eleven female boarding-schools. Port{ years ago, thero was only one newspaper publishedin Constantinople, 0o that was o the French languago. Thers are pow over thirty newspapers published in the city, in difforent languages. One-half of these papers aro issued daily. {n 1873, there wore 415 schools in Constantinople, attended by 24.000 echolars. The inflnence of education is extend- ing throughout Syria. The American Mission supports in/Beirnt, 1u connection mth its churches and Sundsy-schools, two bLigh schools, with 62 pupils; two fomale sominaries, with 125 upils ; and & number of common schools, with 107 pupils. These mission-schools have been the means of bringing into existencon multitade of other schools by differont denominations ; and there 18 & general demand among all sects in Syria that their children chall be educated. Not only Protestants, but Latins, Greeks, Maronites, #nd Druses, have opened achiools 1l over Syria ; and their effect in elevating the babits and maa- Bors of the people is marvolous. A great body of readers has been raised up, who demand ‘books, newspapors, and higher seminaries of loarning. uln enimeflh‘ng some of the evils which affect tho British body politic, Mr. Day notes particu- Jarly the concentration of all the lands of Great Britain and Ireland in the hands of s few men, Tendering it mpossible for the bulk of the peo- plo to own homes of their own. A large part of D)o Weat End of London belongs to the Marquis of Westminater, and the fce of a great portion of the old city is_beld by the Duke of Bedford. Most of the citizens of London are tenants of those tromen. In Scotland the Duke of Ar- gylo has & domain of about 40 aquare miles, ex- tending from the Atlaatic to the North Sea. The entire Town of Killarnoy, in Ireland, with the land of the lowmhi}) about it, is held by Lord Keumare. Nonme of these great proprictors will sell a rood of land. and tha law protects them in their monopoly. Land in London, around the Bank of Eugland, is worth £30 a square foot, or $350,000 for & lot 25 by 100 feet. In Prussia. in the country, the land is cat up into emall eatates, and 11,000,000 householders own, on an average, 33 acres each. ore thau 1,500,000 of the population fallow agricultural frsuits, snd more thau one-fifth of tho entire peaple are owners of real estate, This subdivi sion of land has a groat infiuence on tho char- acter of the inhabitants,—an interest in the land being & guarantes of an interest in the Gorern- ment and the laws. . The tronble at Bowdoin College, growing out of the refusal of the students to take part in the military drill, hagresulted in the peremptory sus- pension of the thres lower classes. 1t is difi- culi to sce how the College Board could have acted in any other way without prejudice to col- lege discipline. A young man, when he entors coilege, biuds himeelf by the act of matricula- tion to abide by and obey thoe rules of the in- stitution. Ho Lias no right to question them at sll. His simple duty is obedience. If be is not in favor of the regulations, be should not have entered the college, and 1f, after he has entered, they prove distastefnl to him, ho can leavo the innfitution at any time. The military drillis o rogulution of the college, and as long as it re- maine g0 shonld bo enforced. The question of its onerousuess or its benefit is not in issue at all. e et The Intelligent. Juror tn Maine. A curious way of roaching a verdict has just beea discovered in the case of Thomas A, Pike, thealleged wifc-murderer, who wes on Wednesday found guilty of manslaughtor at Portland. After the jury rotired, it was discovered that they stood eleven for conviction on & chargs of man- slanghter, and ono for conviction on s charge of assault and battery. After some eight hours’ wession and earncst discussion, it wae agreed that eleven ballots marked ** guilty ” and one ballot marked ** not guilty ” should be put iuto o bat, and tho jurcr in favor of conviction for assanlt and battery was to draw onc. If Lo drew the ballot * not guilty,” then the verdict was to stand as it was, eleven to one; butif Le drew ** guilty,” tne verdict of conviction® for manslaugliter was to be rendered. Ho drew the latter, and the verdict was rendered, 'Theo mat- ter being brought to the notice of the Court, the vordict has been sot mside and a mow trial ordered. e o . The Saratoga Monument. The monument to be ereclod at Baratoga in commemoration of the surrender of Gen. John Burgoyno to Gen. Gates, Oct. 17, 1777, for which the Stato has appropriated 850,000, will be of granite, and 230 feot high. The plinth, says the Saratogian, will be 75 feat 6quare ; tho shaft at the bado 40 feet square, exclusive of the but- treases, and at the apex 8 feet. The gable niches will have representations of tho three Generals, Schnyler, Gates, and Morgsn, with_their acces- sories, tho fourth being vacant, with the word Arnold inecribed undernestb. Within the monu- ment tho firut story will bo ono room 20 fest square, the second story 17 feot, the third 15 feet. 'These will hava historic tablote, memori- als, cases, etc. On the four corners of the plat- form are to be monnted four bronze guns takon from the English at the eurrender, e Excursions to the East. The sale of excursion titkets by the Grand Trunk and counecting rsilway-lines to Ogdensburgh, Moa- trcal, Quebee, Tortland, Boston, Halifax, New York, etc,, will commence June 1, at the Grand Trunk Rail- way office, 93 and 95 Lake street, and a¢ branch office 75 Canal strcet snd No. 2 North Wells street, Chicago, and at principal offices in the coun- try. These excursions have becn very popular with the public, aud now the line has been placed in fine condltion with steel rail track, new and powerful loco- motives, elegant day, and the celebrated Pullman cars, on all tralus, The Company have made large sddi- tions to the excursion list, making tickets In many in- stances that go by Montreal to New York snd Boston, return by New York Central or Erie Railways to Buf- falo, croesing the mew International Bridge over the Niagara River at Buffalo, and by Grand Trunk and Blichigan Rosds to Chicago. These tickets will bo good for return trip st any time befors Nov. 1, 1874. Guide books, giving all particulars, will be ready for distribution this week, and may be had, free of charge, at Grand Trunk Railway office, 93 snd 95 Lake street, or on application by letter to J, H. Whitman, Western Railway, Chicago. Passenger Agent Grand Trunl Reception AtMr. Mosher's Art Gallery, 951 Wabash avenue, on Taesday evening, Thursdsy evening, Saturday after- noon, and Saturday evening, June 3, 4, and 6. Vienna Exposition Grat preminm photographs made by Looscher and Petsch, of Berlin, will be on exlufbl- tion. The Coming Portraft: Mr, Mosher having pur- chased oncof the largest camerssin the world for makiug life-size photos, portraita direct, takes plessure in exhibiting s few specimens bfe-size in Berlin finish, €qual o the finest card or cabiuet photograph, Mosher's Historical Album, holding 500 artistic rhatngeanha of my patrons, life-size, finished work. in Crayon, oil, of water Colo il i RN Facts Worth Knowing. What cverybody says must be true, and everybody does say that James I Foster & Co, have the finest stock of goods in their line, and scll them cheaper than any other houso in Chicago. How can this be? We will tell ou. They have good taste, snd are first class jnages of goods. They bought their entiro stock for cash at & time when Esstern merchanta were anxious o sell, thus gotting large discounts on their purchascs, and they offer everything at a small ad- vance from actmal cost, Our readers should not fail 10 vizit their storo under the Palmer House, and ox- mine their elegznt stock before purcliasing, as it embraces everything adzpted to Ladies’, gents', misses’, and boys’ wear. W e —— 2 Parssols, Fans, and Ribbons, On Moudzy we shall opsn 1,000 new and desiralle parasols at extremely low prices, and sball 2dd » largo etock of fana at prices lower than the ssme goods have ever been sold for; also at same time shall place on our counters a large snd elegant stock of ribbans, all gros grains and cliofce shades, at 25 cents per yard, 2nd beautiful sash ribbons at 80 cents, worth §2. This 1 & very choice atock, snd ladien will do well to ex- early in the week, Hotclkin, Pelmer & Co., 137 and 159 State street, —_— Chicago & Alton Railroad--Important Change of Time. ©On and after to-dny, the morning express for St. Louis (via Main Line) will leave Chicago datly, except Sunday, t9.008. m., Instead of 9:20 5. m., and the night express for St. Louls, vis Main Line, daily, and via Jacksonville Divisjon dafly, except Saturday, and the Eanass clty express, vis Loulsiana, Mo., short routs, dsily, except Saturday, at 9:00 p. m., instesd of 9:45 p, 2, 28 heretofore, All other trains as usual New Piano and Organ House, H. E. Matthews % Co. have just received ity superb pianos from the immerse factory of Hardman, New York, These pianos are unequaled in excellence, and will be rold at lowest factory rates for cash or time. Seo these besutiful instruments at 78 and 80 Van Buren strect, pear State, Several makes of organs at bar- gains. Call and See. Some farniture-cstablishments are advertising to sell at cost, others less than cost, while others proposs to aellat less than any relisble establishment in Cht cago. Colby & Wirts, 265 and 267 State treet, propose to undersell them all. Being manufacturers enables them to ssve to purchasers tho wholesalo profits, which are well worth looking after. Story & Camp, 211 State street, are sclling Fsnos and o astonishingly low prices. Thoy have Just Teceived in- volces of & large number of the most celebrated pianos, including the famous Bradbury, Schomacker, and Story & Camp, Herecan also be found the great wholosale warerooms of thie Eatey Organ Company. Lace Loundry. 3rs. Mudeking's Laca Laundry st 587 Wentworth avenne gives completa satisfaction to ita customers. Parties having window shades, musqulte netting, fine laces and muslins to be cleansed and put in order, cannot do better than to send a postal card to the sbove sddress. Goods called for and returned with- out extra charge. XKingsford’s Oswego Starch Ys used io all the principal manufactories of lsces and fine goods throughout Europe and America. Analysis of this chofce article, both in America and Earope, shows that in 1,000 ounces there are but two ounces of forelgn material, Thisis a degres of purity never before attained. TR Y A Representative House. Fisher's refrigerators, ice bozes, meat-safes, Kedzie's water fiiters, Awn mowers, vases, ice-cream freezers, Richmond ranges, Stewart cook-stoves, and an endless variety of itchen utensils ard housekaeping goods, at Dalton's, 80 and 82 Randolph street, near Btate, i Chickering Pianos. E The etandard inetruments for 84ty-one years. Prices, $500 to $3,000; §100 cash, $50 monthly. Every piano contains their Dew improvement. Reed's Temple of AMusic, 92 Van Buren street. Tho Herring Safe. The HerringSafe of R. R. Plane, in the Inde- pendence fire, came ont all right ; the books and pa- Fers it contained were well preserved. ettt e N Stylish Business Suita ‘made to order for $23, $32.20, and $40, and bandsome pants for $3, £10, and §12 at the popular taloring house of J. L, Gatzert, 183 Clark atreets PROFESSIONAL. Dr. R. HUNTER (LATE OF NEW YORK), oNTHE CHEHISTRY OF CONSURZTION. LETTER X. Unlers people bave s clear Ides of the essential natars o! Conswnpticn, they cannot understand why certain condltions of the aystem will surely ead in this diseaso, nor why it cannot bo cursd In the way it 1s generally tre3 od by physicians. In this lotter 1shall endezvor ta mal those points cloar,sothat they can be undarstood by every- body capible of appeeciatiog plain facts. By tho Chemistry of Consumption, I mean the chemical composition of Tubercle-that mysterions product of th bloud which forma in the Jangs—and tho fmpurity of the blood itself. You probably have a vagae idea, derived from hoaring othors say 0, that the blood is Impure in consumption. Physictans who have not made a spocial study of this dis- ease bave the same kind of fdefinite belict, but thore thelr knowlodge onds. They do not pretend o know of what tho blood's impurity consists or how it came thore. How then can they pratend to know what will counteract or romove it ? Baie years ago, T made a oritical fnvestigation of the blood of & grost many consumptive peagle, aud found it natural inall respects, except ono. The arterial blood— that on which our-health and strength_deponds-—coa- tained, o every case, an excess of carbon. No otber impurfty «. 4 vo siace repeated tuy eXperiments many times and always. l‘l ther Anni;nn.nh. e o, tien, we aro 4 the thrvahold of & b wl. In what combinaticn doos it cafst? lu it found bofore tu- bercles form in the lungs? Has it anything to do with croating them ! How canit bo got rid of ? These ques- tions will occur to every mind. ‘This carbonaceons {mpurity of the arterial blood is nnth- ing moro than the offete or worn Gut fat of tha body. The veins gathor It from every part of the body and bring it to the lutizs. The lungsin heslth combino it with vfygen dorived Irom tho sir, aad 03pel 1t a8 carbonic acid with every breath, "So lon a1 ibe ar breathod s pure and the longs thera- solves bobatructed, Ao catbonaceous tmparity v pormit- ted to escape into tne arteries. As perfect respiration is the means of §ts expulsion, %o impeztect respiration s the causo of its retention and circulation thruugh thear- rios. “Inen before tho blood can gat {ato theatate in which ft s found in all cascs of comsumption, there must be im- paired breathing trom sume cause. ‘ore are fuur causes which will producao i ult. ‘hat air plnl# diminisiics the free adm:! lungs. ‘This s ons esuso. Breathing tho air of clos bad] ntilated rooms, —air which {s deficient in oxyge! s auother cause. Cramping Lue chest aud proventing U fall expansivn of the lungs 1s a th all chest and deticient capacity of S 3 3 the must favorablo circumstances) is a fourth caus. it includes colds, catarrh, bronchitls, throat, congostivn of the lunge. and, in fact, all disca whiich clog tue afr paessges with pbiecm aad muca«. Do you not see that Lthess causes which impair our breathing and make our blood carbonaccous zre praciscly the canses of couswnption? 1f we exclude thu fow in whom this dis- ease comes directly from inkLeritanco, every cass can bo traced to one or other of these fuur cacses of imperfect respiration. Let us now pass to the next polat. If my theory bs oorrect, fnpaired respiration cught always to prece: the formatiun of tubercles. Tius {s the caso fnstance. Dr. Edward Smitb, of the London Cousump- tiun Hospital, spont. seversl years -inves thi: other polnts ‘connccted with the di says he, **a dimination of the bre Iungs befora any deposit of taber exso exists. 1have tosted this question srith overy czre, a0d I & groat many persons, and bellove the proposition to be true in every caso.” This exactly coincides with my hor fmportant question tob 23 carbonaceous blood to do with the wored. What orel 1t bas overvthing to do, for it is from this efote Iat—this carbonacsous waste—thiat thy tuborclos are lormod. Tne ct of Imparfect respiration s to gat tho biood in the carhonaceous condition deicribed sud to causo ki to circulate through the arterfes aud to linyer and stannfe fnthe Lungs. 11 this be Lrus, we ought 1o find tabercle Largely comporod, of cerbundceous watter. I lave sna: Iyzed It in every stago of ils formation, and find thatit contajus {rom o 1o 46 per cent of carbon, which I8 more than that of the tmyure blood or any known animal pro- duct except fat. Dr. Glover, of England, made threo s of tul soaly rcle, and the' lowest bercs on he found was 63! tho bighest 163 Bcherer, & Garr: tosted the ques! the carbon to bo within a fraction of 5 per cent. "Thia carbon in tuberclo sxists a8 hydro-carhon o fat. ‘Tubercle i3 notbing moro than a sedimeat rom carbona- ‘coous blood—mado uo by the failure of the lungs to per- form their appointed oftice. HStrippsd of the mystery ‘which ignorance Las thrown around it, this yermor ieed, ‘which corrodes and deatroys the lun, is neither more nor less then the worn-oat fat mingled with tha slements of the blood. When deposited in the tissues of the lungs {C undergoes s potrefictive decompontion &ad destroys this surrounding parts. Consumption, then, is a diseare of the Jungs from the beginnlog. Tho blood is rendored tmpure by their fail- ure, This impurity is deposited as a scdimout of worn- ont fat, in the air-tabes and air-calls, and becomes tub lo. This tabercle be , & chem angs an Thie more th breathi e miore corrupt the blood becomes, and the more the tuberci-s increass. it goes on until natare Is exhausted and the patisent ! Now about the treatment. Do you bellers such easo, In tho lungs, can ba cured by dosing the St with' fron, fodiuo, arsenic, morphine, squills, ipecacu- enha, and fish-oil 7 Notone of theso things have any af- falty for the bisod's hmpurity,—soy power to oxpel it, or any tendency 1o halp the lungs. ft requires Iznorance and creduli’y combined to extract bope from suchs course. T'o believe that it might, in somo unknown way, in violtion of chemical, physligical, and pathological laws, do good, raquires an amount of faith or folly mare tobe pied than commendod. And yet this fall that genesral physicians do for this disease, and bocauso thoy do pot care it they say it Is {ncurable ! Sl o mairoe and scaf of con- sumprion does not convince yuu that evory hopoof life Jepends on restoring the functisns of the lungs as quick- ‘Dossiblo tolhing 1 ean how say will have' any eilect It {s oaly by sootbing the inflamed membranes and clouns: fog the ubstructed air-tubes that we can do this, We mast attack the discase atitx seat, arity the bload by in- baling, for it cansot bs Duited by human ekill fa any othor way. Do thisand the disease fs curable, Neglect it and it fs fatal. “With tiis Intzer I ahall for the prosent close my articles in the Daily Tribuno. After eome weoks I may rasume the discneaion of tho disoases embraced in my apectalty at the pulut wharo 1 now leara oif. ROBERT HUNTER, M. D., Physician for Disoasos of the Choit. Office, 335 Wabash-arv. HAIR GOODS. LAST WEEK BUT ONE OF THE GREATEST Bankrupt Sale HUMAN HAIR TUHED IN TEHE WORILDI 3,000 sold 1ast week' 7,000 left to be sacrificed thia weok. Only once {a sour lifstimo that you can_ select or sae snch & mammoth aock. This week we will offer the balance, Sver 5,000 Roal Haman Hair Switches, at prices that will astonizh the world. “Fea) Ruman Hair Switches for 5, 81, 82, 83, otc. ‘Al Loog Halr Switchos, short stefas, for $3.10 snd up- wards. Tmmenso bargatn ta all Long Halr Switches. Firnt quality Frouch Hair. Frisettes, Ze per yard. 3 Curls, Cbatelaine Braids, civon sway at any price. © tire stock Yetailed at i0c an tho dollar. bankrupt stock of Fine Ladles’ Undcrwoar aad Dry Goods. o Fkiesa ni 400, 500, T5e, Chemmise Bosom Covern, ot 45¢. dies! Drawera at S0c, 40, 6%, sud upwards. Fadien: Ortieo Wrappors at ST, 31.%5, and $L.50. Kirtons st 15, 300, e, nd bwaids. Ao sa tmmenso stook of Fancy Goods at & terrible ssc- 3m§8 W. Madison, cor, Aberdeen, L. BURGER, Consignee. FURNITURE. FURNITURE! GEO, GILBERT, (Liate SBampson, Gilbert & Co.) We hare now in store tha largest and most._elegant stock lu this city of the Choicest and most Fashions- le Dasigas of RICH AND MEDIUM FURNITURE! WE HAVE NOW OVER 300 CHAMBER SUITS, In Walaat, Rosewood, Maple, O 2nd ezameled, made of the hest ngh-seasgrod voud i that wa are selling st LOWER PRICES than any lizlia- bie House in the city. ‘Also a splendid assortment of PARLOR SUITS, $¥hich wo 170 selling st EQUALLY LOW PRICES: to- e e e websetmians of avery kind of Far- A md 15, Firai-Clxss Houn A R UCARLY examination of our E Carl The eni Al e Inted arqueterin, A 1as; Goods and Prices betore purchasisg. GEO. GILBERT, STOVE FURNITURE- The Steamless Stovs Furniiare (Double Condensing Shell), stops naisauce of steazs and e In cooking. Saves ona-fourth the fuel: a largs vor- Slon of the material cooksd, and it bost sroma or fasor, Pleasa call and sev 1t at werk. WAL STARK & CO.. 10 East Madison-st. REAL ESTATE., LINEN SUITS. S0UTH CHICAGO The CALUMET & CHICAGO CA- NAL AND DOCK COMPANY RE- SUME the sale of lots in their Sub- division, which have been withheld from sale for a fow weeks, pending negotiations for the location of the TERMINAL SHOPS of the BATL- TIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD COMPANY, which are now com- pleoted. : First-class fire-proof car shops t_md buildings, and other important improvements, will be proceeded with at once. Several hundred men will be em- ployed by the Company. To facilitate an examination of the property, the location of the Rail- road Improvements, Docks, &c., & Special Train will be run on the Rock Island & Pacific Railroad from Van Buren-st. Depot via South En- glewood, on Wednesday, June 3, and on Saturday, June 8, leaving Chicago at 9:45 a. m., and returning leave South Chicagoat 4p.m. All the trains on the Lake Shore & Mich- igan Southern, and Pittsburgh & Fort Wayno stop at South Chicago. Persons wishing to visit and oxam- ine the property, can obtain Compli- mentary CARDS of passage upon application at the office of the Com- pany, 182 Dearborn-st. The adjusted Schedule of Prices of this DEVELOPED AND IM- PROVED PROPERTY remains low, with favorable terms. Maps, Plats, and Schedules fur- nished, and sapplications for the purchase of Lots can be made at the Office of the Company at Chi- cago, and South Chicago, and of Resl Estate Agents. A choice of lots is very desirable. May 30, 1874. PROPOSALS For the Erection of 100 Dwellings at South Chicago are invited by the Calumet & Chicago Canal and Dock Company, to be erected for the ac- commodation of the Employes of the Beltimore & Ohio Railroad Company. A Builders and Contractors are in- vited to submit Proposals. JAMES H. BOWEN, Prost. May 30, 1874. BMISCELLANEOTS. LADIES! By our now dry-clesaing process wo are thoronghly rono- vating and {ally restoring. Silk Sults, Woolen Sults, Expensive Silks, Party Dreeses, Eubroidered i x, Chil- dren’s Wear, Lace Curtains, Crape Vells, and Slawls of every description. This process does not necassitate the rippiog of gar- menta 15 any way, uor tho removing of Trimmings. ‘Ail'goods rotaln their origiaal lastrs and shape. ATCG. SCETW.ARZ, 158 Illinois-st., and 285 West Madizon-st. NEWPORT LAP DUSTER NEAT-DURABLE--CHFAP. ELD, LEITER & CO., State 1. PHILLIPS & SON, Matto- ng Trade suppliad by JOHN GREER & CO., Siadison-st. Private Lying-Tn Asylom, Every facility for securing the comfort, g‘u)er, andg care of patients. “Address DOC- 'OR, P. O. Box 288, Chicago, IIl. PROPERTY-HOLDERS OF CANALST. At a prolimins moeting of partof the property-hold- ars for s onening and n’.‘dgxu, F Canalator it was de- SiAed to call a gaperal mestiog for noxt Wedareday even. 1 the 3d day of r. RUEHL'S, Jaze, 2t 8 p. m., bt , 5% South Canalst., and all pariicadf the South and West Si By ‘said opening ars iovited to attend. Property Owaers, Attention! Until 15¢h inst, Tax Sale Certificates held by the City of Chicago can be redeemod al 10 per cont preminm, aftar which date tho rate will be {ncressed Lo 20 per cont. S. 8. » City Comotroller. Forsaleat retail by Washington st 20n Hours, T Tl DENTISTRY. DR.H.R. PHILLIPS Dentist, 169 South Olark-st., bet Madison and Monroe. Best Gum Sets. 8 Best Plain Set: <8 Gold Fillings, from. s2t0 54 Silver Fillings, {rom. ... .. Slto s3 Toeth Extracted without pain..... 50 cents. ALL WORK WARRANTED. DR, V. . HANMBLETON Having Neally Fitted-up Rooms at No. 85 South Clark-st., and with all the modern improvements and appliances of tho art, and twenty yoars' experience in dental practice, would annonnce to the public that he is now prepared to performa all operations in that lins, guarantesing satis- Iaction 1o his patrons, and very moderate enarg “{NDIA LACE DERSHIRTH A WNWOVELTY. Just Recoived per Steamship * Atlas.” BROWN, PRIOR & FISK, Wabash-av. and Monroe-st, “PICKIC GROUNDS. PIINIC GROTHES, Tha elegant now Park of the Tarner Park Association wilib= ready alter June8, for use, for plenics, summar ex- cursluze, sitnsted in the Town of Leyden, 1o miles from rt.House, on the linsof the Chicago & Pacl- ¢ Ra Shady grovcs, op=n epaces for gemes, com- Tailrord. modions buildings, and eversthiag to make it at racti Fur foformation, ‘¢~ C. A. F. HUNKE, Secretal zon Buliding, or JACO MOHR, Superd rwarts Turne: Hall, West Trelfch st SCALES. FAIRBANKS " STANDARD SCALES OF ALL BIZES. FAIRBALKS, IORSE £C0O * 1l AND 13 LAKE-ST. Room <3 tendent 000000000000000000000900300000! 1000 000000000 000000000000000000000000900600630000000 Linen Stils &, JOEN B, DAVEY & 00, 24 & 206 West Madicon-st, - Wil! offer, on MONDAY, June 1, o large and choice selcction of Braided and Emb'd Linen Suits, Swiss Evening Dresses, Linen Suits and Polonaises, Lmco Shawls and Sacques, Children’s Pique and Linen Suits, all sizos, to be sold at a reduction of 30 per cent. LARGEST STOCK OF HOSIERY AND UNDERWEAR On the West Side, to be sold at our usual low prices. DRESS GOODS, Plain and Striped Japanese Silks, Brilliant- inos, Melanges, Mohairs, DeBoges, All-Wool Cashmeres and Crotones, Percales and French Cambrics, Swiss and Paris LIusline, Victoria and Bishop Lawns, Nainscok and Jaconet. Ottoman Shawls AT HALF PRICE. 5~ We keep open every evening until @ o’clock p. m. JOHN H.DAVEY & CO. 224 and 226 West Madison-st. 000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000RO0000000000000000800 ~__BABY JUMPER, The [Trade mark.] and Peorfection Automatic Holder. Yumpar. Patented Aug. 1:?. 72, ‘The oaly baby-tender ever in: Edb{l mother, and the only one [a tho world in which a baby will play by ltself, bout after hour, and day aiter aay, for mors thaa & yesr; be- ze. Thousands have been =0ld. d doltars to 3ay mothor who e will give a thous can suggest any practical improvenient, or who caa offer a3y valid objection ominend: tha many ominsat Dirs. 8. H, B L) o Jannl;zn,bz. M. m, mall, and schros of oibers in Dr. J. &, Reove, Arplatoa, Wis.: Dr. B. 4. Sioax City. In.,and hosis of othar througnout il t is now in use in bu: eda i Ludla cago, of tho first fatelligence an those takiag poo Iast wiek worw T. D. i Lec), C. W. Brega (Giibert & Bovgal, 3. G. 3 1ol L. Wilton (Rd. Bveuinz Journal), Hon.'S. B. Gool and many otbers. It will'keep za afant cooler, hapoi 22d moeo comforiabla than Is possible by any ottinr means. Toseol fotoadumiry it to buy i L the best oatlay pa- ny ' Toy and ¢ Prairios Co. OCEAN NAVIGATION. - [NBAN LOE OCEAN STEAMSHIPY CARRYING THE MAILS BETWEEN EUROPE % AMERICA. Great Reduction IN PASSAGE RATES For particalars apply to FRANCIS C. RROWN, General Western Agent, 32 South Clark: Lake-st.. Chicago. FOR EUROPE. OUNARD MAIL LINE. ESTABLISEED 1840. Four Seilings Every Week. From New York every Wednesday and Saturday. From Hoston every Tuesday and Saturday. Cabin Passage, $:0, §100, a0d $12010 gold. Round-trip Tickers at reduced rates. Stoernge Passago at lowest rates. P. H. DU VERNET, N. W. cor. Clark and Randoloh ats, GUION LINE. FIBST-COLASS IRON STEAMSHIPS, Between NEW YORK and LIVERPOOL, calling at Queenstown, Carrying the United States Mail. SAFETY AND COMFORT. £ Passengers booked to and from the principal Eu- ropean ports at lowest rates. rafts and Letters of Credlt tssved on leading Banks and Bankers throughout Europo. HENRY GREENEBAUM & CO., FIFTHE-AV. ATERICAN LINE. The Ouly Lite Carrying the Dited States Flag. Bailing weekly between Philadelphia and Lirerpool. Cabin, Intermediate, and Steerage ACCOMMODATIONS UNSURPASSED. Rates gs low as any TFirst-class Line, . Through Tickets Lower than by other Lines. Through to Chicago from British Yoints, $29.50 Currency. Prearston Ticketa at reduced rates. Drafts on Gress Beitsln, Irstead tod the Continent, shlow uias, 3, onr, Madion, 1 o I8 MILNE. Wastora Agant. WEW YORK TO CARDIEF, The South Wales Atlantic Stcamship Company's New A, Clyde-built Steamships will ia Rallroad Wharf, Jersoy Cltr: foy 13| CEMEROKE......Juno 27 Juns 13 4 prsecagers at thronch rates from Statns and Canada to ports in the all other potnts in Fagland. mabiipe, built 2xpressl; for the trads, ars pro- vided with all the Iatest improvementa fur the eomnfortand oanvenience of CABIN AND STEFRAGE PASSENGERS. First Cabia, Sacond Cabin, 58 Drafts for £1 £ad upwards. articalars, apply in Cardil Tk Crampers, 1od th Now ¥ e s No. li raadwar. National Line of Steamships, Tee most southerly route this Company to avoid lce : vm New York fo Balling from Few Hork fo 1nzon Gen'l Western deent, Northeast corner Clark and Randolph-sts. (opposiie new Shermaa Hnase). Chicago. CARRYTSG TITE USITED STAT z The magnificent new and fall.powered Steamehipe Re- public, Ealtie, Adriatic, Britannic, Ocesnic, Celtic, ote., sail from New York 'nn Hat 'g";gf"du:‘g"m" o3 B0 N ek 2 S o, Fote 0 S e O 505 e B o ANCHOR LINE, N ) arts of Grrat Britain, Iraland, ..4"".‘.-’.','.;':1,..".,{:';“:‘:;,.“. Terry Taesdsy. Tharstay, ed Banis Trom Gibg, STEMCE fron K o Carrency. Bricih 1o bicago, 2 5 e ApTlratC FaEalie ar iy . cor. Lasall dUDRISON BEUT! i | i i : i ! 1 ¢ A