Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 16, 1874, Page 4

i THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MAY 16, 1874 FARMERS AND MIDBDLEMEN. The System “of Dealing in Agricnl- tural Implements. Reply of a Middleman to Complaints of the Grangers. Eo Calls upor Them to Suggest New Hodes of Business in Place of Those to Wlich They Ohject. GraNp Prurrrr, TiL, May 11, 1874, £ the Editor of The Chicaao Trivune: Bi2: In ap articie published in Tue TRIBUNE of Teb. 28, I pointed out some of the risks, losses, responeibilities, and annoyances incident to the life and business of the middleman who deals in agricaltural implements. In &n article published in Tug Trisuse of March 23, showed that the apparent hardships of the farme:s. growing ont of the present svstem of manufac- turing and distributing agricultual implements, of which so much complaint has been heard, have, in the main, bad their origio in TIE CREDIT SYSTEM upon which the whole business is based ; and that this form of doing the business had not only been rendered necessary, but that it bad, 1 fact, been demanded by a larze majonty of the farmers themselves, as the sole condition upon which they would trado with a middleman. 1 2lso showed that this system, the reault of long years of costly business-exporiment, though sub- Ject to its imperfections, is, on the whole, not only practical ard adapted to indiv noceasities and conditions in a remarkable do- grae, but that it is highly beneficent in its re- rults to the great mass of the farmers of the country. Now, in full ¥{ew of all the considerations thus presented, T wish to propound the following questions, to-wit: Are the farmers themselves, or any considerable portion of them, prepared, &t this time, to abasdon the present system of doing tha business under discussion? Aro the farmers themselves prepared to suggest to the manufacturers ANY OTHER PLAX that can-at all approsch the prorent one in the perfection of its details, and in the practical and beneficent working of all its parts, for placing within the reach of farmers of all classes sud conditions, and in all sections of the country, snd in every townabip and neighborhood, imple- meats and mschivery on torms any more favorable than those on which they nmpow receive them? If there found reserved and power to execute DAEK MYSTERIOUS PURPOSES, at oneo terrivle to witnees and fearful to experi- ence. They also imply that the farmers rexard theweelvos as being entirelv independent of both manufuciurers and middlemen, and that they think they are quite competent to take care of themselves. These resolutions, moreover, give us sumo wlight glimpsos of the now, original, and ingonions financial syatem upon which the sgricujtural world i8 herealter to conduct its Lusiness, and through which every farmer, in overy nook and corner of the land, is to be aup- plied with the neces=ary implements and machin- ery. Looking outside these resolutions, we Iearn, moreover, that 1t is contemplated that the Grange will, through its officers and other agen- cies, ~ order all _implements, and indecd overy variety of goods ‘wanted by its members, on receipt of the cash. The Grange being, 1n 1its very ides, a band of broth- ers and sistors striving and working together to promoto cach other's interests aud hapniness, nooneis to charge nnf'tixiug for his services, excopt in s fow special csses; whils it is con- tomplated that, through Grauge officers, and Graugo stores, and Grange facilities, the wants of all traa Grangers will be supplied at wholo- sale prices : that the poor nuddlemen will be left out in the cold, with their oocupation gone; and that overy spindle and loom, every hammer and s0vil, and forgo, and everv suring, and coz, and wheel, in a.1 the great manufacturing establish- ments throughout our brond country that will uot sell their products to Grangos &t wholesale prices, will eaon ceaso to perform their func- tioos, and their soul-thrilling music will no longer be Leard inzll our bord: Glorious and happy dav sball that be forali Granges, when, their buttles fought, their victories won, tho whole world SHALL LAY PROSTRATE AND BLEEDING at their fect. Theso are indecd flattering pros- pects, and there is no_wonder thit they tickle the faney and excite theimagivations of the sons and daughters of toil. Such, Mr. Editor, is a alight sketch of the ont- lines of the grand scheme that is to revolution- 1ze the commercial, the manafacturing. and the agricultural worid. and to set aside s useless, to crush out as baleful, and to_stamp a3 i imote and infamous, large and inersasingly-im- portant dopaitments of human thought, activity, aud labor. ‘o nimplo point ¥ now wish to make is this, First—Will thin lscheme succeed? Will the toundors as a Lody, or any largo pro&mrlinn of thewm, be ablo to dispsnse with middlemen? Leaving entirly out of view all of the othor ob- jects of their association, many of which ate worthy and highly commandable, the point I hero make in tais : Can they dispense with the 1zbor, knowledgs, ekill, facilities. anl cavital of the middiemen? Can the foundors geverally aver, to any considerable extent and to any ap- preciable advantage to themaslvas, deal ditectly, 1n person or through their orgauizations, wiih the manufacturers of implements, or with the producers of other articles of necossity, comfait, and luxury? T THINX XOT. Second—0n the other Laxnd, can the manufac- turera of implements, eud the producers of nu- merous other arlicles of prime imporianco and of absolute necessity to modern Eociety, deal to auy considorable extent in person with tho consumors of their productious, or indirect- ly through associazions kuow xs Granges ? be such & plan now devised, it must be hid awar amoug the profound secrets of tho Order that is proclaiming, with all the zeal of a discoveror, and all the confidence and assurance of a recent canvert, salvation and freedom to the Iost and eus'aved farmer. Takiog farmers just as they are, with all their varring Labits, circumstances, abilities, and'dogrees of intellizence: regarding them 1 all their differing conditiona of means and re- sources, of ace, experierce, and financial abil- ity ; conmdering them as landlord snd tenaut: noting the fact, also, that there are many amonz them who are shrewd, vigilant, thriftr, prosper- ous, aud independent, whilo thers are sti'l more, 88 in every other great department of Lbuman labor, who are slow, plodding, inefficient, unsucceesful, and dependent,—any svatem < or plan for placing within the reach of thess thou- #ands and millions of our countrvmen the in- ditpensabieimploments and machinery for prose- cuting with any probability of success their great’ work of lifs,—X sav that auy svatem or lan that will accomplish all this—a work at once th great and beneficent in all of its aspecta— must possess great powors of expansion, con- traction, and pliability ; and must bave AN ALMOST INFINITE CAPACITY of adaptability and self-adjustment. All of these indispensable requisites to success the present svstem of mnnufacturing ard distriba- ting agriculturalimvlerents posseasesin an emi- nent degree. Can tha farmers themselven £av as mach of any plan orsystem of their devising for tbe accomplishment of the e2me objects? Have they now, after l\:ving spent years in dis- cussing, criticising, aud denouncing existing forms and methods of buainess, finally succeed- - el in maturing, or even in suggestiny, any now plan possessing in any considerable dogree the merits that can command the confidence of tho community and of the business-world? If thay ve such & plso, let them announce it. If thev , all thingaconsidered, such a plan, the world HiS A BIGHT TO KNOW IT. * Gentlemen who demand with such dogmatic sutboritv, and with such high-soundiog prefen- sions, the immediate destraction of existing in- stitations, ought at'least to ba abla to suggest uthers adequate to take their placa. Iam well aware that, under the circumstances, it can hardly be expacted that it mll avail much to re- mind them of the trite old maxim, that * Fools alone are competont to the work of destrnction; wige men alone to that of reconstruction.” Lot ur have your plan, gentlemen. Give ua the detnils, And I would here pause & moment to obzerve that I have no desire or purpose to ig- nore existing faclte. Tt i3 well wunder- stood that various plane and echemes have “ been devised by the associations known 1s Granges, for the purposs of effecting great and radicel changes in the forms and moden of buginees, and with the ultimate view of bringing producer and consumer tcgether, and thus_dispensing with the intermediate traders. Deine well aware of tho cxistenca of these plans and schemes. and knowing somewhat of their nature, I make the pomnt that thay aro oneand all enzgestive of tho quack doctor's remedies ; tht the multitudinous agricnltural doctors are apparently in_a state of blieafal ignorance of the nature and constitution of the grear agricultural patient, and of his n1merons meladies ; and that the remedies proscribed are ronsequently far more likelr to AGGREVATE AND INTENSITY WIS DIRORDERS than to give the anticipated reliaf. Having ssid :his much by way of warding off misanpreben- vion, I again return to the subject-matter under gixcussion, and raiterete the demand that gen- tlemen give us the delails of a prac- Heal and feasivle method by which tho thousands and millione of American farmers, scattered all over this great country are to he supplied with the pecessary implements for 2arr ing on their business successfully, oo anv plan that they Lave sucgested, or even dreamed of. Mark rvou. gentlemen, wo muet have & plan that will meet the necossities of farmers of all clagees and conditions, and that will place im- plements within the reach of everv township and neighborhood; 2 plan that will give the manutacturers duo notico of tho wants of the sonntry. and that will anprise the conntrv that Ihoee wants will ba supphed. Lot ths fact be noted that we are not demanding a plan ‘hat will mect the convenience of s fow rich men with carh in band; of & few independent men that can ' commsnd the casl of s few thrifty men =abound- ing in available resoarces. of cortain communi- ties highly favored ; of certain localities readily sccesible; or of certain rections of the coun- try pecaliarly and contrally located. No, gen- tlemen, e demand far more than this. e Pplead for the supply of the wants and nocessi- farmers of ALL CLASSES AND COXDITIONE, wherever they may be, tlro:ghont our broad land. Itis of nght demanded that you shell givo us the defails of the srstem that ia to_eap- Py theee wants and neceswities more comoletely and parfectly, and on betier terms, thau they aro now suppiied, or forever remain sileat. But let us approach a littlo nearer to the mys- terious Order that has of late indulred 80 lavishe Iy in the frivolons work of denouncing and stig- matizing large classes of worthy, laborions, and intellice: citizons; and that evon now aspire to the bigh function of controlling the destinics of the nation. An extract from the minutes of Aircastle Gravge, of Aircastle Town Ill.: Resolved, That we will pay cash for ali 1 feoncata hat we may Fgcnm o oty ] Resulved, That we will have no desling witl the middlemen who act a8 agents for the plow-ring; nor ‘will we buy any implement manufuctured by {hosa wbo refuse to sall to farmers at whoiesale prices, Resolved, That we will give the manufacturers twenty days’ time and space for reventance, and to do ‘works meet for repentance, at the peril of the with- drawal of our 910 case of & fallurs to comply with our demands, These resolutions embrace the sum and substance of hundreds of smilar reeglutor that Liave been psesed by Associatiovs of Fs~ ers throughout Iliinojs, Wisconsm, Tows other Wastern States, during thelastsiz” Thev have upon th'til&{usl;n sir of i Jr!:;l’i';v 10oenss, a @ 2w o > o sant of pro- 4 me B0 I THINK XoT. 1t is upon the importuat princivles involved in thess two leading questions, and their ansners, that the merits of the controveray now going on between the farmere, ou tha ous hand, and tae manufacturors and the middlemen, on the other, must, in the final outcome, mamly tarn. AMIDDLEMAN, THE FARM AND GARDEN. dom to devise, and resouroes: of May, in_this latitnde, is good time to plant. In a few dave the bean will be above ground, but Do weeds. This may be cultivated witha_single horse aud small-tooth cultivator ; bu, in most cases, oniy & few weeds mill nood cuttiog -out, snd this ia quickly dono with & sharp hoo. Iu a fow weeku the whole surface will be so shaded with tha bean that no weeds will intrude their unpleasant appeararce. One thing must not be forgotten, and that is, that the crop must not be disturbed when the dew is on, or whon wet with rain, as that will hurt the leeves. Gardonors understand this, 28 1t ie a rulo the reverse of thatin the culture of the cabbage =nd all otiier garden-truck. ‘The next thing of importance is to grow HAND-PICILED BEANS,— that Is, a crop that contains uo defective beaus ; otherwise tho bean must be hand-picked,—that is, tho defective boans must be thrown out. This saves the cook from picking over beans, andit Ia theeo that command the highest market~ prico, After the crop 1s grown, it must be cured, for berns just riponed are liable to mold if exposed to dampness. For this reason they must be thoroughly cured before being stored or sent to macket. A meighbor had soma 40 bushels of very nico beaus that he supposed well cured, and they were put in sacks ready for market ; but the hauling to_market was dalayed some two or three wecks. He had sold them to a daaler in Chicago by samplo st the timeof threshing; but, whon the dealer opened the sacks, the whole crop was found to bo rumed by aligiat mold, and proved_an entire loss. ‘Tacy wers not thoroughly cured before threshing, as they should have Loen. When the crop is ready to pull, a number of stakes about 5 feet long wiil bs required. One of them ie driven in the ground firmly, around which to stack the beans as pulled,—ihe beaus placed in & cirele with the tops towards the stake, leaving a spuce at least 2 feat 1 diameer at the stake for the tinst tier. This will make the autside diameter of the circle about 7 feot. The circle is gradually Gimimsbed until the top of the stake is reachied, when tho top may so ovorlap as to maks a rain-shodding roof that wlil protect tha small stack from dampness. The nsde air- space prevents mold, and the beaus becomo all ipart. The white and uice, aud will need no hand-picking. 1f the ground s flat, mo that water ia liabls to sand for s short time aiter A <heavy rain, it is well to put down Wome pieces of boards, fire-wood, or brush, to keep the beans from the ground, and toallow the mr to circulate under chem. If catefully put up in this manner, in utacks of ood wize, they may be left until late in the fall, 2nd until they are well curad; and, after throshe iug them, 1t will be a good plan to spread thom in a dry room for soma weeks boforo shipping. Aftor beans aro once we:l cured aod kept drv, they are nov easily 1jured by damp weather, and yet the celiar is wo place tor their Btorage. Burrels are becter than sacks to ehip it. ‘T'h trench-plowing of meadow-land for corn, potatoen, beaus, mangold-veois, and fax, is not fully appreciated by our farwers. They have uot the patience to apply 80 much labor in the preparation of tho soil. Bat it is a procoss by nhich weeds ate most successfully Hanked, and & Jarge amount of labor saved in tha end, while & more aoundant yield is the final outeoma. And wiule tius subject of FLANKXING THE WEEDS i in order, somethig might be said in relation to the culture of early potatoes. I have about two acres of early pututoes, A part of them are on a8 weedy 8 pieco o1 land as cxu weul be 1may- 1ued 3 but L proposs to Han tus woeds aud not to tight them direct. Tho great mistake in fighung the Rebollion was in the tardy manner 1u wiucn it was done. When Blerman decidod to go thioagh it witaadisa in & Hauxing way, it wad soou subdued. It is true that anarmy way spring up bebind, but only to be"ensly crushed ; and 8o it 18 with tho woeds. If we go turough them &t the atait, aad mot fat them becume &.rong, we a0 muster of the Ficld-Culture of Reans—Flanking the Weeds - Culture of Corn — SZuying Kerosene~Selling to the Consumer, and Buymyg Directof the Jlanutace turer—"Che BBlovuning of the Apple. From Qur Agricuitural Correspondent. Cranraiey, TIL, My 14, 1874, © OULTURE OF BEA: Dants, Til., May 2, 1674, Mg, “RURAL"—Stn: Why is it that farmers grow #0 fetw besu? Tbe crop oight t0 ba 4 puyiug uve. This {s my rat yearin ferming, and it secms 1o me that on wy sizll farm I ougiit 10 make beans & payivg crop, I have always felt an interest in raral affalr; bave read *Tue Form and Gardeu ” for years; but, now that T am really on the farm and thrown cm I have inquired diligent- my own Tesourced, Iy of wevesnl farmers. that buvs met 3t our Grange, but they all tenl mo that the growing of beans is not profitable ; that now aud thon a lucky crop pays well, but they are un- certain and require 100 much labor. I suall wait 10 bear from you befora I decide the matier. I would situation. ln the tirst place, a dressipg of wa- oure was applied, aud the land plowed, thea 1olled and plauted, using a two-hores cultivator to do the coverinz. After some days the wiolo wus hariowed, kuung a whole regiment of young weeds. ‘I'hen camea heavy rau, wud tho sur- faco was crusted over, und another edition of weeds presonted thomssives, wuen the har- 10V pat au eud to them and mellosed tho sur- faco,—uot tully, for there was un Unmense nuwm- ver of swmall luwps, from the size of & pea to an inch or mote. ‘L'uess the iron rolier reduced Part, and tEDEXL weex's BLUFLU-WAYO gave s third sorios of weeds, ana yeaterasy the Lnrrow aud the roller put auend to them ; and now tho surfuce is a3 swuoth and tnely comminuted as thougn it bad been raked by band with = garden-rake. The two-nores cultvator will ve ready for the next ceries of weods, aud will cover the tops of the young plantg, aad lot thew push up through thuy five covetiug of eaith, and thux coeac tha potato- Leetio out of his first feast of tha young plan:s. put in four or five acres in caso that it would pay. I have a fow acres of old pastare that I intend for corn, some_ocat-stubble, and corn land. I thouglt that per- Bape tho cat-stubble would be the best. Jasox Covx, The growing of beans belongs rather to tho matket-garden than to the farm, and fow farmers know anything of the management of the crop. If beans were cultivated as a farm-crop the price would soon be reduced to a low figure, for the murket wonld be overstocked. In Chicago, beans are quoted as follows: ‘‘ Navies, band- picked, per bushol, $2.15 to $2.20; medim, $1.75 10 $2.10 per brl.” In New York they sell from store at wholesale at 81.50 to $2.35, prime marrows commanding tho letter price. At Bostod, $1.99 to $2.62. They ore retailed by the peck at 75 cents to §1. I Lave sold beans by the losd in Chicago s low a8 37}4 conts a bushel. That was when the country was mew, and beans were planted on prairia broken in June or July and planzed to boans the following year. They Lad no attention after planting uutil ready to be pulled. Isupposo that at that time thoy conld bava been grown for 75 cents ; but, with the preseat price of labor, they could not ba put on the merket for loss than $1 per bushel net at the nearest depot. Ioans cannot be grown at a profit 28 food for domentic animals, and, with the exception of sheep, they are uot reliehed. This leaves the crop for human food, to be gerved up for Sundey-morning breakfast among the aristocracy, and pork and besns for the dinuer of tho laboror. As com- pared wits the great staple crops of tho farm, they cannot in any event occupy & very Iarge space. TFortunately for the smail farmer. the man of tho gveat farm will mever plant thew ; and, if the sbirtless farmer plants, Le will bave 1o good beans to sell; and thus the crop is left in the handa of the small, prudent fariner, who Las mwre labor than 1and, and is desirous of makug the moat money out of both. Battno ECONOMICAL CULTURE OF THE BEAN must be well understood in all of its depert- monts, before the crop should be uuder- taken. It 18 said that land too poor to grow whito beans is too poor for auy farm-crop. This implies that beans are suited to yory poor land. In some respects this may be true, and this has gradually grown 1n the minds of the farmer: that 2 poor, thin, sandy soil is tho best for this crop; and thus we ses Michigan beans ' quoted a3 favorites in the marcket. I think, if one would inquire of & thondand farmers in regard to the best suil for thiscrop. or rather the oniv soil suited to it, that wiue-zenths of thom would say that we must have & sandy soil,—p soil tbat will produce sorrel and mulleins, or rye, but too poor for corn or wheat. Of courso thoy will admit thet beans may bo grown on almost 2oy goil, but that the battie of the weedsis o fearfol one, and, asa genersl thiog, not to be thouglt of. It ie the weeds on rich land, and their absencs on the thin, sandy soils of Now Jersey and Michigan, ibat has made those eandy soils tne ospecial home of the beans IN THE CORN-FIELD, we Liare firat the plow, next the roller, and then foliows the plauting. ~After the plaucihg, thivgs will remsin quiet until the corn is abodt rexay Lo bieak grouud, when the harrow will do its duty. Tiewmors I use tue Froiaman harrow, thevetter I lke it. It covers a strip 9 feec wiue, 2ud 2 team” can harrow 18 to 20 acres & day ; bus I prefer to lap the barrow oue-baif, and get over abont 10 acres & day. Tno roller foltows the harrow, and, alter tho corn is up, the two-borae cultivator is the implement to make further battle with the weeds. I am well aware that, under tus system of management, & man and tesm can- not got 84 muny scres plauted; for this stopping to harrow and roll the potatoos woekly, ana stoppiug plowing 10 order to roil aud herow the plauted corn, taike up tune; but, in the end, iticu BUSHELS OF CORN AND POTATOES instead of s given numuer of acces piunted and digntied with the apueilstion of farming, the farmer will be satisiied whop raseec autumn presents him with golden ears and bins of lurge round subeis. But there is another renson why I like to roll the laud before plauting, and that1s s that it may be plauted at 3 shaow, com depth. Larly iu the veason, whe tke grotnd is cold, wo hear w gront deul abuut poor sced-corn, just as though wo did mnot know that corn deepiy planted in that coud:ticn would Dot rol rather than giow. Peas will bsar diop planting, for they wiil germiunto at & low tem- peratute; but not 60 of corn, which oniy needs a thin covering, moisture, and warm.h. Many of the planters run too deep, and, if the soif is loose, o much the worse; but, with a smooth, low sdirface, aud n shoe on the plauter-ravners for .social benefit, and going through the work in & eort of exclusive way, on the clesecommunion principls. People will s0on learn that the Grange is too narrow. too exclu- sive, and too bigoted, to stand the friction of progress; while the . vast eums moucy ‘paid out by its . confiding members will disappoar in a dissolving view, in which the coat-tail of the ofticors will present a vivid closing scone. Whule the Farmera’ Move- ment is pushing boldly in the light, sceking the right road, this secret organization will destroy itself with its own exclusive anti-progress. 'The {farmers who contribute to its co-operative asno- ciations will all too eoon find that their rioney HAS BEEN SQUANDERED by men lacking mechanical and business train- ing, and others who lack iotegrity. A few days since, I saw a statement that a certain Crange sszociation bad orgamized with # cash capital of $100,000. Such an organization was a:- tempted, and the capital stock ag:eed to bo sab- scribed, with the ur dorstanding that 20 per cent only should bo required ; but, 8 the members bad che history of certain Chicago insurance companies before them, thev looked out when the timo came for action. Subsequently, & new company was furmed, with capital stock of $20,- 000, and property purchased to uearly this amount; and uow I understand that most of the money hag been borrowed, aud the property morigaged, and that tho stockholders may come chort at least one-fourth of the capial sub- scnbod. The busmess-mansgement bas been changed not less than three times, and yet the co?omlon are far from happv. They bavo undertaken a business out of their line, and fail- ureis ouly ® question of time. Its genoral mavagemeut has been in the bands of very —excellent men, but men who leck the espocial training to make the businoss a success. The Grange has now reached a point in which we can begin to see tho cffect of ita secret workings, and whore ws may pass judg- ment upon it without being charged with mero captious opposition. Itis anorangs that too maay are endeavoring to draw fuice from, and who will soon bave it dry. THE RLOOMING OF THE APPLE may be coneidered the eulmination of spring, for tn that is shown the march of the season on its northward-bound journev; & journey tnat makes steady progress fiom the coadt of Florida to the ice-Loand Tregion of the polar plains, A month it was far to the south of us, but now 1t comes up blooming, and the peach, the posr, the chorry, the plum, and the apple are iu ths spring-attire, redolout of perfume and promiges of fruit; und 2 mouth later the same on of taings will be present far to the north,—say 12 miles & day,—350 milea, or more than tive doarees of latitude. ‘Thus each day spring unfolds the orchard- blossoms over a strip 14 miles wide in its day's march; a pretty good day's work, one might thing ; but this yoar sho has not dune quite so much 23 usual, and our trees have had to wait o put on their garbs ; but now she may take a bound, aud it up 15 ot 18 miles & day, to be in time for & crop of potatoes, tuckoi-corn, and onions on the south shore of Superior. This slow movement 13 playing the mischief with tus dai.ies in Wieconsin, aud has much annoved the stockmen further south, for the arzes has been wating like the orchard, and thus kept back the pasturage, WHO WILL FORECAST THE WEATRER ; and who will tell ug just Low many miles 2 day spring wil! march and pat the orchards in bloom ? Docs shie beJ;in her march from the gapes of Florida, or do the trade-winds waft her ap from the Gulf to spresd over the grest Northwest? Sote one ouzht to tell us bow 1t 1s, that we may be roady to sow and plant in the proper aexson. South of us the forests ura fuil-robed ; hare tiey are turning into green; aud, & fow miles north, just puttiog on their first shimmer, resdy to weir coma the bloom. Meanwhile the weather is fay- orable to tbe put:ing in of corn aud potatoes, and for the stenly growth of wheat, oats, and barley;: and the bieast of the farmer swells with prido s he looks down chrough the coming summer, Lis fields rich with the harvest, andin sutumn the orchards benawg with fruit. It is well that he canuot ses the accrdents thet mar cut off hia hopes ; but just now he i3 content, and even the alluraments of of oftice would have little effect on his equanim- sty. The wave of mouopolics now bresks on bhim as bresk the ocosu-waves on the sandy shoro; they dash up, but scon retire in graceful order, ‘ thas tar and no farther,” in the meason march on, sheeting the orchards in bjoom, for thus spring maiea glad the tillars of the soil, and gives assuranco of both’ use and besaty to all who enjoy the good tlunga of this world. Rozmar. —— ““HAZING™ AT MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY. To the E ditor of The Chicago Trfbune: 8Sin: Though perhaps the public have heard anough in regard to the lato troblas at Michigau University, arising from ths suspensioa of som e studonts for tae practice of hezing, yet I da not think that your article in this morning's paper puts the mateer fn exactly the rigat light, be- caues 1t loses sight of what I consider ¢the strong point of ths students’ dafense; and I trust tuat you and your readers will patiently liston to & few remarks in elaboration of that point. Buc, bofore entering on its dwcuassion, it wou:d bo well to lay aside any prejudice in the mateer arising from the odinin tbat attaches to the word ‘“hezing.” If the offense of the st donts had been ropresentod as *'smoking out or pumping,” I think tast many timd minds would not have been 1mmoderately horrified, or bave condemned it a3 * cowardiy and brutai sport.” And yettint 18 exacily what it was,— ouly that and notbing more. You must dis- tinguish between Lazing lustoric and hazing aciial, es Prof. Swing would gav. The former, as opce pract.ced 1o English wnd American schools aud collezes, waa douotless ofton moean and disreputable; the latter; as now usually practiced, ia ovly & good matured game of givo-aud-take, whera there is no- malics, vor eogeuderinz of bad Dblood, mor danger of physical jujury, One night, 8 Freshman is saize’, by tie Soplomores ao: is taken to a neighbering pump and treated to a cold-water bath,_t.ue next nigit ona of tho cap- tors is captured ‘ny a roving band of Fresbmen, aud sukiers a blce fate; and honors are easy, and oeverything ¥ lovoly, and nobody is Lutt. As you way, %-Of the character of this practics thera i ¥ o doubt.” 1t is abuut as ungentleman- 1y aud ¥, 5-bred a4 a zame of foot-oall. Bu*, waiving all this, and granting that the Pra‘ rico is disgraceful and ought to bo abolisbed, L.ve the Faculty taken the proper sourss to ai~ Lat regulates the depth, we can ‘plant at the od depth. Iuso 3 Keystone plantor, and set iv 0 that the bills mro 20 inches sparty putting two grams in o Lill. In tiis way ov'y band 1 digpensed with in doing tho work, us ' 5 macuive is auzomatic. Wit thi planof cultr |1y check-row plant.ng is of 0o particular 3dvey’ jgq. SUYING XEROSENE. SRS HIGHLAND, In., APril 7 ) 1674 * RURAL"—S1n : Some weeks aluce, T’ gom in “ Tue Farm sud Garden ¥ a letter from ¥, S0 0 . 1 Tegard to the purebsso of keroseus “I'iing Sun Grangs tazuagea theso things beiter, an” oyt OO thie xunoyance of belug stared at. 00 4 'of ths. mome burs purchuses ths kerosenn by thie b 3 3 (10 TS afteritas we need it; and so of '“ r and other groceriea ; and we bave mado a ), LIEET, MG OUCH way. Of conrse, our good Mary G50, SRR I8 S up, and e town-poopis Go ot 102 0 T fope that Mrs. Abjgail will not ey loifticls U 3z, Bioeis A, W, fanger. Thbis mode of YArCy 436 may amswer & good paspogy f.“‘l’ the tme | provided that xomo houest fl‘?‘m."'; Till glse e time to this purchase aud g “‘3’% O £ »ds without charge. Acd yet, i etV ba found thet the village-deal- u”c pe? ;Ui‘: " all your ueeds to better advaa- m’ffl; Az J0game time, make ssle of your Lot *tf“ “ .. and orchard proJucts. The farmor "hoTsh b7 ¢ his groceries by the prciiage can " ving. provided that he must pay oash or Lha¥ . but a large proportion of this class of BOOL% purchased by the farmer are paid for in 8397 n_orchard, end other products; aud hers 1% ¥ hero tho extra J)nundn of buuter, chickens, 7 g8, =nd all tho odds and ends that can be Me, grown for commercizl purposes. No one doubts that DEANS WILL GROW most loxuriautly ou our prainc-heuds, but Sy ers azo doterred from their cuttnro by the fo of woeds. If thia sandy soil wero hig) iy manured 1 order to produce a fall crop,” LT weeds would aleo aound, and thus this eo ‘08 RICWD ou poor 80il,—IWO poor to prodzme Larger and mors vizorous family of weads the cultivator is con.ent to take from} soil & very moderate crop, snd thinkr lucky in thus having o crop that walls Lttle care, snd yct repuy hum for amount of Tabor that hat been reqnt ‘This 8ppoars to be tho present ot cultore in this country. The quw fore, = pertinent one, N CAN IEANS LY. GROWY, A on our prairig-farms ? Tk e 5 A FROFIT e &e u'a;-%-};\:ive, fo % usver to this must o i I Vs soll s all sigh, 208 00l ' wada iand o the Letus seo if th,cre o sha the weo”,s, instead .t gty ,fi-fi;; :;,.ei,wlf “g}‘.‘,f“f Suppoe”oue cOT sspond gnt will hire an cstra lf“fl to aeeivt B in 417 pen-plowing his pusture- _ud, and that ‘ne trenf b-plow it 6 inchesdeep, parrow 20d coll. TF.ere will bo no grase, cad vory fow viebds, He. wll next meed & planter che smail red. atus of bean- stion is, thoro- waat will plant the 'nills abont 16 inches apart in’ the row. After thi, flald is thus planted. let him dughcm the plnntm&'by going through the middle of tho rqws; fhis wall leavo the rows abous 82 iuches wids, and tue Lills 15 imclies ¥ pated, are oxchanged at botter ndvantsge than they could be nold for cash. A fow bushels of votatocs, onioms, apples, mayba = barrel of cider-vinegar, all come in gocd time, aund ara exchauged for goods when they could not be sold for cash. A sharp compstition among dealern is a good guarsatoe of fair trading. It 13 nonseoss to talk of BELLING DIEECT TO THE CONSUMER, and to purchase direct of the manufacturer. As we approsch a apocic-bakis in finance, and deal in the ready-pay eystem, we shall have hittle reason to complain of the oxtortion of the mid- dlemen. In exchanging eggs, butter, eto., for groceries, we get 2 or 3 cents o dozen, £nd often & conts % pouud, over the cash-price, and, st tas samo time, ore not charged any more for the goods than is charged tho citizen for ths same, At the same time, the egps and the butter ars sold to tho consumer at the same price the farmer received,—the grocer mak- ing only one profit, that on his goods. When 3 Grenge waa sbont tobe cetablished in this neighborhood, an ofiicial lecturar attonded. This man assured the farmers that each msmber waould ssve the cost of initiation in the fi tain thaz ond ; or Ligve they acted justly in this summary suspension ? ‘I'int is tae wesz pojut you will plezac allow me to discass. Hare is tuis custom of hazing, which bas been indulged in by successive clasges fur vears. No remon- strance bas coms from the Faculty, and no ine timation that they were aisposed to interfers in the matter. Of courso thoy did not sanctiou it, buc they ignoredit. The supposition was, that they regardod it. 28 ochersaid, aaa harmless amusement, and 23 an overflow of boyish spuits. No one had becr: suspended or reprimanded, thoagh the outrageous acts wers frequent, and the participents well known. They acted as if they would sy, *‘ Let tho boys hava their tun, and, 24 long as it is Do mora Rerious thun this, wo il sbut our eyes to it.” Then, alter collega beau in_session for moven mouths, aud tlo hazing had beeo going on us ususl, sud fonly comos this proclamativa of euspansion, a3 thun- dor from 2 cloar siiy. No wonder tho classos were astonished, aud romonstrated. There was Bo pretenso that those singled out had been couspicuous in the practico; they did not chargo that the classes to which tley belonged had basn particulariy culpable ; on the contrary, the Facul- ty had admitted that taey had beon the quietest and most crderly clusses that had been thers for years, Is this ilie wny to promote discipline, by eucn an act of arbitiary injustice; or will not thia courso, liko any 1njudicious use of power, rather tend to bnng tha zutiorities 1nto disre- pate with those wad are fauy acquanted with the facts, and weakon theic hold on the respect of thinking persous? I understand that tho citizous of Ann Arbor side with the students, aud that a respactabls mivonity of the Faculty op- posed the action that was faken. I remember a similar case that occurred at the Universily wome ten years 2go, whan 8ix or saven mon in my class wero arbitrarily suspended for indulgence in the common practico of * ruste mz." * By what process of reasoning thoy e~ lected tha men, we could uever jind out; for gome of them were notin the rush at all, and otbers, perbaps tha most prominent rasbiers, ware uot touched. .The Facalty finally saw the absurdity of their position, and took every one back after a short vacation; and I know that they raised themselves in the estimation of the students by thac action, and strengthened their pover for good by scknowlodging the abanrdity of their firat courso. Ithink that woald have been the resalt had they acted similariy in this case. Pzrorz. Citcaao, Alay 12, 18%4. —_—_——— Dottle of rum, agreed_towtnp to the waist and tio cn hua face, to bo bitten for a quartor of an Lour by mosqjnitos, at the Jogzins of New mazrket-basket of groceries that he would par- cheas; and mads other like worihless state- mente. Tneresult was, that tho Grange wis not organized at that_timo, thongh s few por- sons swallowed tho pill; and, when the Grango was finally set ap, sli of this war on tira middle- mon ceseed, and this Grangs has dono its busi- ness i the ardinary way; fulding s mustinge Bruasvick. Ho codured his pouts manfally, uad hsd nearly won his prize, whon ono_of the of 1 —Thoro i a bush atory of & negro who, for a luarbermen who stood by laid on Lim a piecs of live charcoal, when the neero wrigglod and twisted about frightfully ; at lsat, unabis to hold out a longer, he jum cail; 3‘,‘7‘:“ ooger, ij pad, ing out, dat) dab is dmgen A WOMAN AT fiasumsmu. Mrs. Myra Clark Gaines and Her Golden Wig. Why a Lady Got a Scolding from Her Mother-in-Law. Information for the Benefit of Feminine ¢ Claimants.” Special Correspondence of The Chicago Tribune. PHILADELTRL, May 1, 1874, My stay being Limited in Washington, I was obliged to forego a visit to the Treasury Depart- ment until another time, interesting as the place might have proved. Not being snffctently de- yout, I did not go to the Alecca of the Patent Office, Lhere to pay my davotions to the Ameri- can Saint's old euit of regimentals. What a comfore it 18, to be sure, to find out that, in spits of American historians, Washington, instead of being a monstrously impossible piece of pgoodnoss, was quite as human as some of the rest of uws. The DBotanical Gardens lured us, but tyrant Time eaid “Nol"—so these nurseries, which Wash- ton people say are kept up for the bepsfit of the Members of Congress, must also walt for another tima. Afterall, it is in humsnity one finds jthe most changes, the largest life, the most vivid interest. To watch the crowd at Willard's was qui.e as interesting an occupation as any other. Here wa sawr MRS MYRA CLARK GAIXES. In seeing hor for the firat time, ome 18 struck by a certain sense of incongruity. EKnowing her years, the golden wig and youthful dress at first utrike one with a wense of pain. The coils and puffs, with the two or turce long ourls banging down her back, would be charming at 16, as would also tho bows on her shoulders, und tho general youthful appearance of her at- tire. And yet who shall cavil 2 ‘Mre. Gaines’ eyes are bright and dark, her intellect sesmingly unimpaired, and Ler blonde wig uadoubtedly takes off & scora of years from ber record. Who shall say how much influence this may have had toward helpiog hor to keep up the good fight for ber claima? ud she looked in the glows, and found there the scant, white Jocis of age, that weem to mark the stages of decay, might sl not have given up, have thought Nife tao short to ba worth such a struggle, even for its most costly gift, and bave said, **Ouly give me enough to last my fow remaining vears, and it is all 1 ask?” How vory probable! Lumendixwhen sho dresses bereolf to do battis with her opponents, she finds the golden tresses of youth upon ber brow. She kuows they ara nother own, buc they have the samo effact as if they were. TLor is no feeling of sluggishness within her voins; LIFE 18 BTILL XING § and, if Decayis Prime Minister, his power is as yeu aubjective ; vo she foels filled with renewed Cowiage 1o urge year aftor year her guits against those who ~beve the mine polts of possesion. Likc Samson, Mrs. Gaines' streng:h, [ am sure, liea in her Lair ; and the surest way to conquer her will be for ono of tie opposiag counsel to play Delilah and steal her wig. She was eagerly conversiug with somo gentleman who alvo bad claims, and vituperat- ing » person woowe name I did not learn. Don’t trust himl—don't truet him for a min- uts! He'll stesl papers!—I knowit! He'll rell you ont to the highest bidder!—I know it! Be warnea by me, and don’t trust bim!” Then, having wishod ker companion success, she turned to a lady-friend and assed, * Have You got vour new bonuet? How do you like it ? What did it cost?” She was weariDg, bereell, a jannty bat and feather, which maiched ber rig in youtafulness. And herae is whore. MEN GET THE ETTER OF US POOR WOMEN. Their dress is =0 unifurm that it Lelpa to con- ceal their sge. The bale old daady of 50 or 60 years may wear the same style of ovaicoat, neck- tie, collar, zad bat aa Lis eon, who is 2n ex- quisite of 26. Are real-skio caps the rage, then one of the latest atyle can cover bis gray locks 2ud we are apt to say of him, with his RFAY vaustache and orect bearing, * What a bapdsome, stylish mau!” BSuppose, how- ever, Mamma, of 40 oven sttempted to wear tho Same fur cap or jaunty hat as her daughter of 16, what would thien be the criticism? +See ibat old_woman trying to muke herself look young! I should think she would wear things a listle more in accordance with her sge. Sull, what a handsome woman she has been.” Ye, it is the nomen who are has-beens. Until the men 131 into the very last stage of lean and slippered paralytic belplessness, 270 still, or cousider tuemuelves 10 e, in the presomnt tense of good louks and captivazion. THE NEVADA SENATOR'S WIFE was telling ber friends what she koew about mining; aud very thoroupbly-digested kuowl- edze 1t appested to bo. Of course, diexs had to form = certain portion of tlhe convereation whers a balf-dozou ladiés wers gathered to- gether: aud, whilo she fraukly acknowledged that sho preferred velvet, point-lace, and din- 1nouds for 2 full-dress toilotte, she acknowl- ¢dzed that while at bome she wcre a green son- bonnet on ordinary occasions, and a whiter Linen 0 2e when sbo went driviog with her busband. A v ary pleasant, entertaining person was this lady, however. To show how varying the crowd,—how, at some time of his or her lile. almost every ons comes tor Washington,—anotber incidonc that came to 21y koowlodze may serve ss prool: Sested nearly vis-a-vis at opporite tables were a lady and gontleman. The latter looked curiously, ualf-inguiringly, st the lady. The lady asked the waiter in attendasce, “1s not that Alr.—? «Yex, ma'am.” Sne took a card from her pocket- book, wrote a line on it, and zent it to ber evi- dently-doubting friend. In & moment the clouds vanished, and the sanshine of inwelligence ovorspread Lis countencnce. He cama and gree:ed ker with “I am so glad you sent mo Your card, I tried so hard to recall you, but Your hair is_chauged. and yon woor it 80 differ~ ently.” “Very mean of yon to forgetma, as you got me THE OYLY SCOLDIN® T ever recoived fyom my mother-1n-law,” was the 12dy's answer. At this juncturs the gentlentan’s toa'and olives were_sent for, aud, from tha con- versation, one at the wezme table coutd not help buc learn the little Pnendo-ramlnl‘a that had been. The parties bar beon lured off by the per- sussivo power of & full moon and & summer sky to take a long walk, 1n & Connecticut town, after curfow. It had beon a dozen yenrs 2570, whon both were younger, but both married. 1t did not matter thr.t they wero not alone ; that 2 rister-in-las of the lady was also oue of the fuilty sinners ngRAnst country-conventionality. © Aeemed to have been a very pleasaut, harmless Walz, but very naught in the eyes of those heirs of the Blue Law propriety; and, therefore, not 0 be covdoned, even by the mildest of mother's- in-law, Isawthem chatting together all the evening, and heerd the member from Connscti- cct suggest the L{:mpr;ety of her lougthening her stay. She lefs the next dey, however, weariug & beoutonniere of mignounette, helistrope, violel 2:3d a roue-bud, proseuted by her old friand. Eo do peopleseparate, decadns pass, aud a mere c’hance brings them together again. I don’t tiaink the Mewmber's wife kuew of the first walk. T ‘wonder if she will hear of the lsat mesting. Ot course, though. Men alwasa TELL THEIR WIVES EVERTTHINO. We all know how honestand trustworthy they aro ; that not one of them over wearies, even in the fast little degree, of the macrimonial yoke, or tries to disguise it, or throw it aside for & littls free rnn ou: of harness. Not thoy. From the momont they assume the cbains of Hymen until death severs them individually and col- lectivaly, ther walk straight on to their journey's nnd, never_ siraying, never breaking the traces, never having any private little prance of their own, A married man at once forgets to what fantustio uses his mouchoir has been put, aod DOW, 8176 23 & preventive to the nnpleassnt re- sults of catarrh, it never loaves his xide-pocket. 1t has ceased to act as a flag of truce or iutro- duction. Doos he aver notice a protty foot or lo? Does he like to be out when westorn witlds blow in Chicago? Does he ever wea ‘beauty in any face except his wife's? Of course n nd whoover suys tothe contrary breaks tho Ninth Commandmeut. For the benefit of thoze who have . CLAIMS TO TROE at Washington, I must toll them what one M. C. frankly sdmitted to me: * When pretiy women coms with ciaima, we alwavs take their papers, telling them we will look into the matter; pot thoy must cerfainly call again.” **Howif they are not pretty 2" ** Ohl then wa toll them somo other iember knows more sbout the matter than we do, and refer them to him.” **You don't ask thom to call again?” *Ob, nol” La ?}eauu idu qmbh.lndh rnlu_“‘hl'rarld. i ll,fl'l‘ ainos {a rig! her golden 2 piecs o feminine l?t‘x"ul llnta;yo. Bhe %:n gauRed both bar fxlvuds sud fues, b doss usb di o grow old, end a woman must be s protty as she ¢ an, Leaviog Washington, I bad intended stopping s ghort une in BALTINORE but a drizzling rain preveuted the Monumental City from preseating an &tt:a’tivo mspeci. Hucre, however, thp sea-born indivi@ual who has been banished from the ooesn to the prairio gets hor first whiff of that biioy odor hica is sweeter to her than atfar of roses. It in the breach of home, and by the sida of Lake Lfichi- g4n sho will pine for that salt smell, and wish the beautiful biue lake pos- sersed it. A tranait along the wharves, whure great shipa from foreien lands were an- chored, mede it seem like home once more. I snuffed the breezo, nnd lo.ked with delight upon the piles of shells which showed how plentiful in this region must be the luscious bivalve which 18 never cauned except to send away. A farmer from interior New York, who t bebiod us, “‘guessed that they muet shuck ‘hh?l:p' of oysters down there, by the look of the shells.” 2 PHILADELPHIA was reached in & run-storm. Every hotel seemed full, and I was assigneda_very pleasant room, but oo the fourth story. This does not so much matter with au elevator, but the one at the Con- tinental i8 on the slowest of slow-coach pians. It stops altogether about an hour in the middle of the day, when, if you have besn out, and come in, and must go to your 100m, you have the privilege of climbing to that eyrie nnassisted. Tt our Quaker friends bad run their underground railway upon the plaa of the Continental Hotel elevator, L am afraid there would have been lit- tle necestity for a Kugitive Slave law, and Web- uster'’s speech need never have been made. How- evar, that villago expects tobe 24 rapid as tho cities of New York or Chicago before the Grand Ceutenniul. A plockade of te: oo Third street proved to us the carabilities of Brotherly-Love tosmsters. They rolled out their condemnatory remarks re- gardivg the eterual perdition of each other'’s sonis with such flourshes of (rhetoric, such ornamentation of epeech, and such a round, resonaut, heariiness, that it would have sentn Chicago **’bus”-driver to the seventh heaven of delightand envy. Evidently this olass of men must do the empbatic for sl the Broadbrims who are dienllowed from using such s safety-valve for superheated femper. Brotherly-Love sisters rarely indulge 1n demi- trains. When they do, Brotherly-Lova brothers walk over them without the sLighuest hesitation or apology. 1t has rained nearly all the time, and Philadel- plus, in spite of its renowned cloanliness, s o8 ussty on a raioy day asany other city. It has preventea much sight-secing ; and they clam, among other lions, to have the largest park in the world. All the way from Washington to Philadelphis, tho prass was green s velvet, the wheat-fields in thrifty growch, wild flowers abloom by the roaduide, and peach-trees in full blnnom.n & A.D. DANGER IN THE TEAPOT. Tothe Editor of The Chicago Tribune : Sm: Xcannot allow your editorial, ** Danger io the Teapot,” to go forth wWithont remonstrat- 1ng against its arrors. You quote Mra. Pierce's tirade against tea-drinking approvingly, when it is evident that she knows nothing about the ¢ “s tory of that beverago and its fearful ndultera- tions. It is just as absurd for her to designate the practice she denounces as *‘tea-drinking,” 28 for the tempersnce-reformers to designate the indulgence iu pure becr and wine as *‘liquor- drinking.” If she would apply ber own argo- ments in favor of beer and wine-drinking to the drinking of tes, she would be more conaistent and reasonable. Cau she not see that her tirads against tea- drinking is just as applicable to the women of England as to the women of America, if all tea is the same? The English people driok double the quantity of tes we Americana do. Yer will Mrs. Piorca dare to say thatthe women of England are poisoned by tea-druking ? What are the facts ? Stated briefly, they are 28 follows: There is as much difference in the quality of tho article known as tea, as iu the fuids known as “ liquor.” How much pure ten is brough: to the United Statos and sold nnder various fanciful names? Not one pound in one buvdred, or about as much in proportion as is the raio of pure brandy or wines to the impaie article. My professional duties obhige me fre- quently to inquirs into the bevarazes drank by my patients. In the laige majority of cases, I find the tea they drink is an abominable fraud. Paople pav onuugh for toa to ge: & pare articio ; but, 1n the majority of instances, thoy ger what the Chiaese call * lie-tes,"—not tea at all, bat x vile mizture of the leaves of the plum, willow, carrant, camokhia, etc., mixed with just enough tea-dust, or the sweepings of the great tea- factories, to give it flavor; just as the com- pounds of liquors ars fusil oil, coloring mat:ers, sugar, etc., with sutlictent alcohol to brog it up to an intoxicating siandard. 1t would be just e reasonsble, and equally sousible, 1f the women would start = crusade agaiost themale of im:ure tex. Manvof the ehops devoted to the exclusive sale of teaare swindling concerns, for thev proteud tosell an nuticls waich they do not. They do not cause as much erime a8 the liquor-shops, but they do cause influitely more iil-hea The time mili come when theautharitiesand the laws will have to svep in between the venders of dead leaves aud pigments (tes!) and the peovle, 0d pro- tect them from the poisoning to which they are subjocted. This is the kind of imterfersnce which the laws should exercise in relation to the sale of lLiguor, instead of the imprac:icable plan of prohibition. ut to return to our special sabject: Wa ad- mit thac tho stuff callea tea, imbibed by the American woman, may be gullty of causing great harm to her stomach and nervous system. But wa believe the gastric diliiculties caused by thie poisoncd leaves old for tea are, in turn, the ‘cause of balf the nervous affections. In the cages of disordered heart which come under my observation, I am ofteu obliged to probibit the use of the ** tes” used, and _substitute for it some of the pure article” (which can be obtained by the iniitated), mot contaminated with the asenite cf copper or prassite of iron, and other heart-poisons. I have observed that, upon the substitution of pure black tes, the uuplosint heart-symptoms subsided, which wonld not have been the case if it had been the influanco of tea alone that caused the disturbance. ; 1 agreo with Mr. Pierce that the women of this country would bo better off, and their offspring would be improved, if they would substitute pure zle, beer, and wino for the ‘ea they mow drink. But I contend that, if they drenk the kind of ten their English sisters drink, we showd not hear 50 much complsing about nervousness, dya- popsia, aud the like. A fawv yoars ago, the statistics ehowed that the vaiuve of the tea imported into the United Statos #tood as follows, inTound numbers : 07 black tea.. Of green tea. Now, look at the statistica of England: Black fes.. «--+-$15,000,000 Grezn toa . 6,000,000 And, to make this discrepancy greater, be it known that nine-tentas of all the green tea im- ported into Eugland is, aftor being **doctored,” inized, nod otlierwise adultorated, sent out of the country,—exported to the United Statea! Nearly all tho tea draok in England is tho Souschong. Some Oolon; is used,—rarely alone, generally mixed wiih the former. Now, whatever cheausts may ssy to the con- trary, Souschong and Oolong are much leas in- jurious to the human system than green tees, however pure. ‘The former beac about the same relation to tho latter that pure wine and beer bear to fierv whisks and brandy. A cup of good Souechong; tes berrs the same relation to the poisoned *Lie-tea” drank by the poorer classes, who buy at the awindling tea-stores, that a glas: of stil Catawbz or Isger-beer bears to ordinary “forty-rod " whisky. What makes the matter more aggravating to the philanthropist is, that good, pure black tea can bs bought s chenply as the spurious. As cheaply, because ono ounce of the former will make xs many cups of good tea ns three ounces of the latter. Cuicaco, May14,1874. E. AL Hizx,M.D. e e Gaelic-Speaking Nozroes. From the New York iorid. It is with great pain that we learn, through the Glasgow News, that © the Rev. Dr. Kea- nedy, the Free Church Minister, of Dingwall,' apon his return from this country, has said that 4*his impreasions of the United States are not very favorable,” and that ** be inteads to_de- liver lectures on his travels.” Who the Rer. Dr. Eepnedy is we know not—but that he 13 3 remarkably keen hand st obtaining information is evident from Lis statement that “* durivg his recent tour in the United States, he canis in con- tact with three congregations of Gaslio-speak- ing negroes, to whom he preached in their own tonguo,” Theexplaaation whch the Rev. Dr. Kennody gives of tnis extraordinary discovery ia evon more strange than the discovery itaelf. “He presumea that their forefathers had been taken prisoners, and had been ens!aved by some Beottish Highland settlers, whose language they bad adopted.” It is sincorely to be regretted that the Rov. Dr, Keunedy, while he was _aboat it, did not state fn what portion of *the United Btates of North Amarica ™ ke found s hither | drous geace and i9 uuhn l geople. THE HELIOTYPE PROCZs3, What It Is, and What It Dogg Correspondence of The Chicao Tritune, s 25TON, 3oy 4, At thotime 3. B. Orgood & Co..dipmpens their magazines, one of thy reasons as3izned s t‘un step was their purposs to give mora m: tion to the Heliotype process. Doubtlesy shrewdly fancied that & mero fetch, good epgg.’ for a pretext, but reaily no reason at all, ot 2a the process was then known to thas Bub| 'f had only copied a few of the older 24 ngy points ia tho “ Gray Collection of Engraringys at Harvaid, and made illustrations for 8 1y Dooks publisbad by 0g00 1 & Co. The pey public knows little more of it to~day, and hu}, f poybody outside of & small circlo in Bagtog g awara of the larga proportions which the pre has attained, of the manifold applicatiany thyy are wade of it, and of the almost unkiited ry, of its possible applications in the sarsics of p£ art, and in the promotion of busin interegy Yet it occupies the whols upper floor of 5 I building,—a room containing 11,000 square Test, twont-nine presses are now busy ia Liying ¢ fill the accumulating rrders, and fourteey may will soon be added. Surely, this means Dilslney WHAT 18 THE MELIOTYPE PEOCESS ? 1t can be fuily understood only by asting . et a description may give woms idesof g i sciontiic principlo on which it is based, xejg: © the mode in which tho principle is applied ; Tho principle on_which tho Heliotyps fross based was discorered by O. Pultews TF Frencim, more than twenty years ago; but the werkg 0 0 described by bim wis not found 1010 prrciag Yanous modifications have been wuggestud from i to tuma witn mors or less success. In the Hixp; + 1r3cess, beyoud tie sctual pridciple, erory pals peculiar to tself, snd has boen proiectel o Tae principleabove referrel tois, tharglay, which ordinarily absorbs waler very readily, yet, v treated wita 3 bichromate und expoced o The ek uf light, loses this LToperty 10 2 groutar or laes dege. according ax the 3cticn of the Ligut 3 greator or iy, S0 that we can prodiice by light on s snest of Hese: matized gelitine, by meaus of an ordinary puyy ¢raphic negative, the same result that 1 prodies lithograpby by drawing ou »atomd> Wit grauy that iu to 3y, Where the lizht hes acted, jut 1w the greany fuk has been used, water is Topelled; g whiere light hua partly ucted, a3 {n the balf-togeycf 3 negutive, water is purtly absorbed, ana grasy g £ ; 4 ¥ f i i ey repelled.’ Oruinary — gelatiue fs vd 5 warm waster, and & sumMclent guasy s bi-chromate of potalsh is added to recder &t xy sidve to Light snd of alum fo make it very hard to] durable. This is poursd ona level plata, previonyy rubbed over with wax, and is dried by mexus of Loy, A woon us dry, or waen required for se, the sz g golatine is stripped f1om the plate, and printed wip 3 photographi: negativs. When tha picturs iy sufliclently plainly, the sueat of gelatin is taken fra under ths negative, and made to adnere tos mef plate, Tas method of sduesion used i th 3 stmospheric pressure, The sheet of golatin aady metal plate are put together under Water; wmas of the water as Domiule i got rd of from be tween the two surfaces, the gelstine abmay the remuindar, so that » vacuum is crested, :aj the pictura is thus attached 1o the plate by te wep of tus stmosphere. The supcrduous chemicals in sozked out W.th water, and the plate, with the s ing surfsce of gsadre attached, is pisoed ordinxry platen printing-prees, and inked op ciu ordinary lithographic ink. As’ in Lithograghy, & 2 neceusary, after every impression, to damp tie 7 with water. A mask of puper is used to accure wida margins for the prints ; and the {mpreasion is te pulied, and is ready for issue. Two or mors i are sometimes used in the production of ome s ture, as it is found thst, where the light hassal deopiy, 3 G ink is required; but whers fis acted’ not 50 decply,~that is, in the half-ronai thinner inkmay b used. So’ thatastif inkisin eed for the ehadsws anda thinner mnk aftarrs for the hulf-tones. In this manaer three of foaridy may ba used iu printing one impression. Tae & of India or other colorsd tint is obtained by using 3. atead of ordinury water for dampening the plate, v.2 witia some color’ in ft, Tho puper absorbsaccs anount of water out of the plate, and with it 8 exhz amount of color. The ordinary roeraare notfnd v - to be satisfactory ; and a mixture of gelutine, pixes ine, and custor-uil s usod. p The pateotof the Heliotype process beloogy v:: to J. R. Osgood & Co., but the operation of 3 °. is under the superintendenco of Mr, Erneat Ex wards, 3 praduate of Cambridgs University, : England, and the inventor of the_proces:ly : Which Af, Poitern's principle is rendered 2o B sble for practical ase. One of the most succesafal applications of the E¢ Heliotypa process 18 4 ‘THE REPRODECTION, IX TERFECT FAC-STYILY of rare and costly engravings. Seversl meits 820, O3z00d & Co. made arraagemeats with athorities of Harvard, College for pablisiicg Heliotypa copies of tiie engravings in thefanen “Gray Collection,” which i8_an axceecinly valuable collection, but virtaslly inaccezsil the public. It numbers about 6,000 eagisvisgy, some of them very rare and costly,and it~ cludes specimens of every master, and of almost every prodauct of the engravers mt, during the four and a half cesluist since its birth. Of course, very many of the 6,000 2re merely curious, and oot worth repe- duciug ; but perhaps 500 of them are sitkarso usefnl for purposes of art study, or areof ® popular a character, that it will pay to ot 4 taem. About 200 have been already pubfished; £mong them, a large number by Albert Dure: ucluding lus Lifa of tuo Virgin 1n trestypic: § tures; many by Rembrandt; a cbarming porte % folio of twenty-four frescoes of Correzgid - Parmeginno, engraved by Toechi; a weresdl § Freuch portraits by Nunteuil and Maucm; o William Blake's strikiogly-onginal, nos 105! ér proposterous, illustrations of tho Book of Jth & in twenty-two plates, and numerous othursif £ Van Dyck, Claade Lorraine, Micheel Augh 2. Titian, Carlo Dolci, and Salvator Rosa. Lmflé‘ é those in preparation are some of ths worlf famous maaterpicces of Murillo, T.tisn, 31 Josbaa Reyaolds, Leonardo Da Viuei, Corr:ggh and Raphael. e It would seem that thers is bardly s linik the uss that may be made of this process for ILLUSTRATING BOOES, but ag yet not more then s dozen have bees® illustrated iu tha country. Tioe best knowa i stances are Higgiuson's * Oldport Daya,” Fises) **Woods and By-Wxys of New England,” Doass? & ¢ + Historie Fields aud Meusions of Middicser’ £/ Baxe's ** Proud Mwss MacB:ide,” aud soms of 20 | {inest Picmres in Whittier's mld-Life 2 Prous,” aud jo Blackbarn's *Normandy P turesquo” and “Actists 3nd Arabs.” ‘Architects have beon quick to eee how readlf the Heiiotvpe process wouid leud stself to sect® their interests. When onca they bave comple:tl & design, oxact copies can be aimost imzed stely multiplied 10 any extent desired. T2} Archilectural Sketch-Book, 1:sned monthly, €92 tains specimons of the finest work of oar Bz ton architects, and the Now York Skelch-Bookef § Architecture does tho sems good oftiea for tbe archizacts of the Metropolis. ‘fha parfec:nes of tha reproduction, and the moderso cost, e der tho Hellotypo process popular not only "3 architects, but with. enginesis and designe:s 0 all kinds. Among ths numerons ordsss i Heliotypes,—so numerons_that they cso hardif be filled,—many aro for designs of buildnzy plans of buildings and lots, niips, wketckosol new inventions seeking a patent, sud ot things of lize character. There seoms XO END TO THE ORJECTS that present themeclves to bs heliotyper Loliotype-room may woll bo called & = Noalt' Ark, into which everything comes t3 A7 2 itwell from destruction by this xmmnrnlhfl'_ g process, Hero are saints and angols, of e oat of the old masters’ lotty or weird im: tious: but hiere aiso aro freaher ouee tgx-‘:u s Adolaioe Phillipps, irs.,Chatles Moali, | fi i 7 : S ot T T R d. T % 3 Camills Urso, whose tones yet hauot b of concert-halla and thousands of ¢l teners. Heie are otier angels Iy fory sece ful disguise,—s group of Iudians frow s " where towvard Modvcdom. Here are portrllf" Agassiz for the Memorial Committee to nee: o/ Jefferson for the_embeilishuent of hm’é “Life"” of that Democrat par excellencsi the great German composers. But the ieliot:Z, takes quito as kindiy to a group of uheop.& 4 stock, s moss-covored ruin. any x;xec!:: r dovice, 38 to the “numan face divioe.” 9 into 'the heliotspe-room to-dr, v you will find several of 2 isruing from the presses, Hersisx pictcrd & . rathier a shoot of pistarcs, ropressn: mg AHIZT looking boy in pearly every respa- cabie aiti 3 to uac forh the gorgeousuosr and Vaned boy' clothing which some deilor it DrEPSIeD s furuish at pauic prices. Horu 1s & ehos lu trope,—not very elegant, hus & wslkiog pr;‘: mation of its msker's business. Seversl pr o are prinling choice copies of tho ongrasings &7, a Boydell's Sliskapesre famone. Others &7 busy with pictures of & fsctory whers 3 chocolate, and broma are produced. One hvfl_ man is carefally printing 3 wonderfal Msdool and Caild, 80 beautiful that you almost each new copy of it lighta up the room. BUT IT WOULD BR TEDIOUS gab to write or xend the entira catsiogus Of (b9 ) jects on which the Leliotspe-prea-ea ar enflef ed. Aud pertiaue snongh bus been aid 1o cato tbat the procéus is a great practi and thae 1t s an Dlmicablo fleld for 168 opesy tion. Is would seem difliculs to overstis pous'ble sorvics to merely utiliterian interefy or tn exaggerate the bouefit and Beati i mAy conter by mulzinl_;inhq w_d‘mlu:;n;: lis4 ere perfect copies of the pjctures ¥h gl Euuu ml’ ‘nhmncd m:;:‘ g =