Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 16, 1874, Page 3

TIE TISCOTSIY RAILROAD IAW, | Opinion of Senator Carpenter in Re- gard to Its Constitutionality, dpailroads Are Public Highways, and, as Such, Subject to Legislative Control 6]l ths Corporations of the State Hold Their Franchises Suhject to the Fill of the Legisieiure,” aThe Legislature Ilas Tower to Alter g Charter, Without Limitation or Exception, and Even to Re- peal It Altogether.” Wasnrscror, May 11, 1674, v tha Saitors of the Wisionsin State Juurnal ‘Bariog rcceived soversl letters acking my epipion a repard to the constitutionality of tho gct of last winter prescribing a tariff of rates for ruitrosd comysaies, aod not having time to an- ywer them soparatelr, Iask the favor of answer- fng tbrocgh yeur columns, I my opizion, the power of our Legislature yvor the corporativng of tho Stale, to slter, ymend, or tetally repeal their charters. to give shem new and enlarged privileges, or to restrict and Linsit thosa they nOW poseess, IS FULL AND CLEAR. { ¢ball 0t consider the detads of this act,™ Tha peoplz for twenty years have sobmitted to the saormons powers of corporations, and 1f, in this 1¢¢ of correction, some provisions are toa hersk, tho companica shouid do what tho people bave s loog dope, ober tho law, acd apply to tho pext Legislature to have it modified. The aunes- tron o is, whother this statnte is valid until modified. . Irstead of submitting to the law, however, the raitrozd companies have Ceelared their inde- peodence of tha Siste Governmeni, bave set its iswa at defionce, aud ere mow operating their | rosds in viclation of this etalule, but in coa- furmity with Tules and regulations prescrived by (temselves, which are now ssserted to be of higher validity than the statutes. The boldness of tuis procacding shonld inspire_correepanding Ermoess on tue art of tho people, aud I doubt 3ot tio proper ofiicers of the State will take ihe necesswiy Eleps, and that Tight speedily, to do- 1ermme whether the law-maying power. touch~ ing this wSportant subject, resiGes in the Legis- Isture elocted by the Deoble, or in 2 of Direetors ciecied by non-resident capitaliste, sitiing 1 Wall sirest. I have corefully csamired tho opinions of Meesrs. Custis and Evarts, 1ocently published, 1od xdmure the ivgennity and siill witn which thoy hiave concealed the real guestion bencath arumente to establieh some propositiens which everybody concedes, tod others which, if estab- Lsbeéd, wonld be al:ogother irrelevunt. THE REAL QULSTION is gimply this: Can the Legislature regulatothe turiff of rates to be eharged upon the rauroads of the Staze for the transportaiion of paseengers 2od fremght ? The suswer to this question depends upan the lezal churacter of 1ailroads and the relatious which exist between the State sud the railrowd carporations; or, in other words, whether a rail- 124 s public property or mere private estate, and whether :licsa corporations are smbjects of the Sizte, emenzble to its laws, or soveraigntics wdependent of State control. 1f 1adroads are mere private estates, owned by the corporatious m ubsolute right, thea they aro Do moe subject to legisluive control than a farm 0% other mero privats property. If, on the oier band, railrozds are public highways, then {hey are a part of the puaiic Gomain of the State, farmed ous for administration, Lut subject o the conira) of tho Legislature, like auy otnar high- way by land or water. Ysar, toriunately for the people, it is well est.led that xelrozds cro public lughways, end, assuch, subject to legislative contiol. Tius question aroso intao vory beginning of these fmprovemerts, when the Siates undertook to ex- erctso the right of emuwent domain, i aid of their conetriction, It was conceded that this coald not be done anless the rozd, when com- pleted, would be public propaity. A Stats could not take the land of its citizen against his Wi, except for public use. Tlus led to the quession, 15 3 raiirond a_public bighway 2 And tho courts of ail tho States, snd. fnally, tho Sl:n:\;cme Court of tho Uwiled States, have held BAILROADS ARE PTTLIC MIGHTWATE, 10d may Le regulated, by the Legislature, like oiber public pioperty. In ke recent case of Oleolf vs. Fond,du Lac County, 16 Tallace, 578, comung Lere from our own State, the Cour: eay : That raflroads, though coustructed by private cor~ porsticus aad owned Ly them, aze pullic higluast, been tLe doctrine of nearly il the courts, ever Enee such conveaisrces for passage and transporice tion bave had any existence, . . . *hy tho ute has always been held a public ane is, thst such road is a nghwsy, whether made by the Gov~ ent iteelf, or by the igency of corparato_Lodies, o even by inaividuals, when they obtam their power toconstract 1t from leglslative grant. ‘When this question ceme for tho first time be- foze twe Supremo Court of Soutk Carolina, at 1let tima one of the ablest courts in the Urian, in Railroad vs. Chapeli, 1 Rice . C.. the Court, alter cramining the subject at length, concluds s followa : May net our railroads, then, be fairly consiiered an eharacter and cljects as international, aud therefors pullic highueys? Again the Court 52y : Bat take enother point of view which I eannot help fhinkiug of Listing importance, Such a r.iiroad a8 U ehould be hela as u kighuay, on account of its octs, and, for the e reczan, 0 be held un- itc controz.” Ts it ot wize to hold ruch 2 com- 7237 26 the guardiars or leseees of ngreat highway, ealowed with 3 public franchise, uet sudject Lo Lue cone tul whicA their purposes midicate a3 meceszary snd Froper far anch s establi: hruent, and waich tho gen- enal right (o uso tho road sbealutely requires? Such 210:must Le had s o part of the public domain, f:rmed out to individual men for its practical admin Istration and order wlone, And, if plaeed aicof fi #uck coutrol, it would inevitavly Lecoms suspecied of yartiaiity, and odious to the peopie. In Worcester vs. Railroad, 8 Met., 506, the C;gmm constraing a atatute which exempted pub- ¥ pronerty from tazation, cacefully considered TEE LEGAL CHARACTER OF RAILROADS, 22d Shew, C. J., in celivering the opinion, srys: L‘Th' ouly principle on which the Legisiaturs comld bsve suthorized the taking of rrivate property for its ©usiruction, withont the Owners consent, is, that it Yastor thepublic usr. Buch bas been heid 10 Lo the chazscter of » turupiks corporation, although there the ©;Lial is advanced by the sharcholders, and theincoms wtlo eir oenest, (Coan. t. W ilkingon, 16 Pick, 175). I:1strue thet the feal and personal property necersary bume establishient and mrnigement of tho rairosd eatod fn tho curparation, but it s in trustjor the Company hero not the general power of diaposal Incideat to ihie absownte right of property ; they are “3:d10 wieltin a perticular manner, sud for the © teorplichment of 3 well-defined public object, cte. y Divating the reilroad, then, 5 a public casement, the Viorks Erectad by the corporation a8 public works in- 1o &far paldic use, we cansider it well eatu L2 (2 s0ma exteat ot loast, the works necessarily fo- Tihlosuch 3 yubis osdement are pubiic. worke, jrd h“»h exempt from taxution. Such, we be- 15 bas boea, e wniform practice in fegicd to an o twrniker, and nighwase, aud their jncdeats, s repard 1o oihar public buildings and stric- e of 3 Like kind, as State-H>uses, forts and arse- :‘.3‘;'0‘ :““fl—hfl‘“-, jails, churchf, town-bonses, Ty, ead geserally to Lousés approprisied rncf" might be cited from the courts of New ork, Penngyivania, and from almost overs other j%e Bat Uus is unnecassary, because sny ;d:g:‘un find them by the dozen an consulting If nuiircads aro public bi i i public highways, the right of 8 Logiilature 10 aontrol heir managomant is 15 egiggp 4 A LOICAL CONSEQUENCE, ol exists to the same exten: a8 in regard to ~4er public property. roag g couidered the Jogsl character of rail- fods Lcome to the relations which exist be- D the State 2nd the company. Every rail- n mi“:'”my hasa two-fold oaaracter: Furet, Hecation Lo the State, it s tbe sgent of the ‘;cnfla Operate a raiiroad of the State; and, cmnd' in its relations with persons engaged in Agioeree, v is a com:non carrier. Toillustrate : oniltano: farbidden vy its Constitation might - l‘:““'-'- and equp & railroad and operatait; msfi.mn its ‘trains by officers appointed by Einto ke, 80d at tho expenso of the Siate. The I b, ugkt thon creato s corporation, and give +3emonapoly of the carrying business on such Sate, -In such case, no one will deny that ths In conferring 8uch mencpoly, might.pro- rying busines, *We desire to have a reilrond Luilc'and operated from Milweukee to the Mis- siesipoi River. 1f you will sdvance the money neceasary to build and equip the road, and then orerate it, subject to our supervision and con- Lrol,—that is, subject to_our power at any time to alter your charfer as the public good may re- qQ we wfll grant yonan actof incorporn- tion ; we will take and BLold the Jand upon winch tobuild the road, by the rightof eminentdomain, thoagh you shall ‘pay the damages nssessed to land-owners; wnd you shall then bave the mon- opoly of the carrying business on this road, and fix your owe tariff of rates: FPROVIDED, HOWEVER, that wo will rererve the night to alter this pro- vision-in regard to rates, if we uhall see fit; or to 1epeal your charter altopether, if we find it neceseary to prevent you from oppressing the poopie in exercising the powers thus conferred upon yon.” This propoeition is_accepted; the capitali+te are mcorporated; the State takes and holds the land ; the company improves it by build- ing and equipping tho road, and engages in the carrving busuiess thereon. Now, it 18 tound that under this provision of the charter aulhorizing the Company to fix its own rates. the Company is guilty of opprestion ; aud the State exercives the right it bad expressly reserved, znd alters this provision by fixing the rates to ve charged. And now iz iy eaid that for the Stete-to do what it has expreesly resorved the right to do it & vio- lation of the nndersinnding or contract batween tho State and the Company. The Constitntion oxprewsly provides that all chrrters or acts of incorporation granted by the Legislature * moy e aitercd or repealed by tho Legilatuie at auy tima aftor their passage.” It is well settled that this provision enters icto every ralrond-charter a8 porfectly as though its language were embodied thorein ; and henve the power of tho Logislature to elter and charter is undoubted. Bur alter it how? To what ex- tent 7 To what end? In what particular? Tho Coustitution asys it wmey bo altered. Whoevar claims a limitailon upon’ this power fo slter & charter, or to except certain thins out of the- power, has the burdon of establishing the lim- itation or excoption. The Cousiitution gives the Legislaturo the power to alter a charter, - ‘WITHOUT LIMITATION OR EXCEPTION, and oven to repealitaltogether. Mr. Curtis says: Charters ere to be umended or altered by the cxercies of leghalative power ; and if the act in question, when rightly viewed, It not ip cxerciva of legislative powar, Dt puices beyond the Sield of logiglation, then it can- not bo deemed to be authorized by this article of the Constitution. Aud my ouinion fe, that it {8 not within the field of Iegislation, under £ny Americcn Constitution, 10 8x 2nd prescribe for the future whiat prices sball be de~ manded, elthor for commodities, or for personal aervice, or for a union of both. But suppose the Legislatare had, in the act of incorporation, embedied the precise provisions of thiy statute. Will it be pretended that such pr-visiens would ‘be void, as not being a legit- imate exercire of logislative power? This cunuot be maintsined for & momsnt. Bat bow is the caso different whea the Logislature subsequently doca the same thing under @ power exprexsly ro- served by the Constitution to alter the cbarter ? TUnder this uolimited power af alteration, the Lezislature may certainly enact anything which could originaliy have been included i tlie char- ter. Aud who will ke bold evough to say tuat tho Legislatarn, in grantivg o privilege, may not prescribs the extent to which it might be en- jored 7 Ingranting a monopoly of the carrying Lusiness from A to B, may uot the Legislatura prescribe tho mode and msuner of its exorcise ? Aftor o franchise has been granted npon con- ditions, can the company claim the franchiso freed from the conditions 7 All tlus would be adsurd ; yet it is precisely what results from the | above quotation. But tho proposition I am contending for does Dot rest upon reason merely : it has been TWICE DECLABED BY THE SUPRENE COUR{ OF THE UNITLD BTATES, in well-considered ¢ases, and no opinion.of coun- sel can shake it In Sherman ve. Smith, 1 Black, 587, the case was this : A bank hud becu organizad under tho General Bavking law, which ‘trovided that the stockholders should not be individuelly liable, uniess by their own ngreemoxt, bus reserved to to the State the ight 1o ** alter or rcpeal” the act. Subsequentlyan act was passed.so altezing the law as to mako stockholders personslly liable. A more radical chauge—oune more com- plozels changiug the characier of the corpora- tion—cannot he imagived. Dutthe Court held ‘;Ihn subsequeat act vatid. The Court, by NeLsox, ., 235 2 Now, the 32d section, which roeerved to the Tegirls- turo this power t0 aller OF 7+ eal tae &ct, by nocesary construclicu reserved the pawer Lo euer or vepeal ul: or any one of tigse terns and conditions, or rules of Iatiity, prescriled in the act. Toe articies of zssocia- tion nro dopendant upon, and becoma & part of, the iaw under which the bank Wi organized, and subject fo alteratiun or repecl, the same us anyather part of general syatons This decision was made in 1861. In 1872 the sabject camo again Lefore tue Supremo Court, in Miller vs. The State, 15 W aliace, 478, and wasq fally zrznod by very able counsel. The Court, aftor reviewing all” the authorities, from the Dartmonth College case down, effirtaed the doo- triue of Sherman ts. Smith, in & very. long opin- ion, which satiles the queston, OR TIIS GENERATION AT LEAST. In the Dartmousa Cullego cass, 4 Wheaton, 712, C. J. Mansnavy, speaking of the power of the Legixlatuie to alter the cuarter of a corpo- ration without the conseut of the corporation, says: “If the Legislature mean lc clainy such an authorily, it must be reserted in the grant,’— clearly implying that, where the reservaiion is made, such power muy be exercised. In Anler vs. The State, 15 Wallace, 497, the Court eays that ’Lhe roservation is equatly valid aad effectual, if it exists in the Constituiion of the State. or in & prior general Iaw,” 84 it 18 whon embodied in the charter itself. Again, in OLco1T's case before referred to, 16 Taiiace, 594, 1n which the Conzt Leld that rail- rozds in Wisconein fre public highways, the Court, in steung (he grounds .upon which that coaclusion reszed, employ tha foliowing emphatio langusge: That the Legielaturs of Wisconsin may alfer or re- peal the charter granted to the Sheboygan & Fond du Laz Railrosd Canipsny, i certain, Lnis is a power- resarved by the Coustiiution, THE RAILOAD AN THELCFORE BE COTHOLLED AND LEGULATED DY THE STATE, TT8 USE CAN DE DLFINED; TT8 TOLLS AND RATES TOR TRANSPORTATION MAT BE LIMITED, Is o work made by the authority of the State, subject to ita regulation, end having for its.abioct an incresse of public convenience, to be regarded sa ordinary: private property 7 . This is nct the languaze of retainad counsel.: 1t is the deliberate judgment of TIE BIGHEST AND LAST COUBT baving jurisdicticn to detormune this question. But pgain, Mr. CouTis seys: ‘But there 12 another objsction fo this law, which to my mand is of Meelf decisive. Under the power to alior, smend, or repeal a charter, 8 Legislature may charge, or ia fome iustances perliags destros, cou- tracts into which the State has entered by the grinting of charters, But this must be Hmited by e mod cation or deetruction of the contracta of the State, It has nover been extended, and, consistently with the Couetitution of ths United tutes, it caunot be ex- tended, to contracts made by the corporation under authority of kiw with bona fide creditors who bave lent their money to construct and equip the railroad aud take & secunity by miortgsge therron. Any law af a State which takes ewey property relied on by eredit- ors whon they loanod $ueir money, or tha pecurity on waich they gave credit, of which serionaly impaira.the remedy wluch such creditors have had, impairs the obligation of their contracts, And again, atier saying that thiscompany had executed & mortgago, snd that bonds sccured thereby had beon s0id, ho adds : When they ook thcss mortguges, they hud s sight to Tresume. aud unquest.onzbly did presume, that tho property mwortgaged wouid bo employed by tho railway corporation fur Teasousle rates of compeusation in traneacting thoir businces, This just and recsonablo expectaticn cannot, in my opinio, bo disappointed, 25d the righte acquired by toy niortgagees dfsregard- ©d, through an act of tha Legislature, in effect com- wanding the road to traneact its businsss on sach terma that the bondholders eanuot pussibly receive auy part either of the principal or lutarest of tas bonds. This is THE MOST REMARKARLE DOCIRINE over maiutained by eminent counsel. Iiis, in solstance, that tho ramiroad ccmpany, by exe- cuting & mortgege, has clothed its morigsgeo with powers it never possescd itself,—powers denied to it by the Coustitation of the btste which created the corporadon morteagor. It is well settled that any perzon dealng with a.cor~ poration must take notice of the law of its crea- tion, and all consticutional sad statutory provi- siohs which limit and restrict the anexs of tko corporation ; and tbat no one can bo 2 bona fido holder of what the corporation is incapable of grantiog. ‘Angell end Ames, on corporations, sy : Tersons out af the State, 1s well a3 in it, are bound to take notice af pubiic lawa Lmiling the powas of corj.orations. The Stats suthorized the railroad company to mortgage ita propeity and frrnchises, wiatoser they wore and as they wera, with all the privilezes and all the wnfirmities belongicg to them. When the mottgagees accepted their mortgago and purchased the bonds secured by it, they knew thay were dealing with a corporation created by tue laws of Wisconsin, and tboy were bound to take notice that the Constitution of the State sauthorized the Legielature to alter, or abaiutely ropen), the charter of the corporation. They were also bound to- take ratice that, by the Genaral Railroad law of tho State, it is expresly provided that tho purchaser of & mailroad, at & Tnorteage foreclosure sale, shall take the Dlace of the mortgagar company, enjoy the same ¥ids WEat races should be ciy ble for trao ngm.&:&&"‘“ . ufl; tho realcaso js this: TheState ssi B0 witaliste who desired o engage i the car- Tights, and ~— shonld provail, it would46llowthat this provision of the Counstitution of Wisconsin bad been re~ pealed by a mortgage executed by s railroad com- pany; and that ‘tue mortgage bad not only de- Prived the company of ita property aad franchiscs covered by tho mortgage, but had strippod the Legislature, of power conferred upon it and its E\::::mm forever by the Coustitution of the But euppose that the Legislature had not only mthnrwo‘ml{u compauy t0 mortgags its proper- ty and franchises, as it did, but bad gone farth~ er, 88 it gid not, and had expressly provided that, in case tho company should make and exe- cate s mortgage upon its property and fran- chinses, the cuarter of the company should never be altered or repealed. Will any lawyor main- tain that such a law wonld be valid ? Can the Constitution of Wisconsin be repesled Liv the joiut action of the Legislaturs and a railroad company ? Can ous Legiststure bind ita suc- cossors not o exercise a power expressly con- ferred by the Coustitution? This doctrine would permit any railroad compavy to ovade legisiative control ‘by a contract (tor a mortgaga 158 contraot), not even mude with the State, but with thid persons out of the State. Buf this proposition deserves no further considoration. 1t Emply cxcites aatonishment thas any lawyer should be willing to edvance it. The fact is, that all the corporations of tha State, created uuder this Constitution, hold their franchisey SULJECT TO THE WILL OF THE LEGISLATURE. Men who invest money in railroads, and ranlroad- sccanties, rely, and may safely rely, upon the food feith of the Legisiature, and the love of even-handed justice. entertained by the people. If the provisiona of the law arein any tespect unjust to the companics, which I do not kelieve, tie next Legistature will modify them; but it will ocur to every one that it is not the surest method to secure an impartial reconsideration of tois subject to insult the State by defiance of tins law. It is too lato for apny man, or any set of mep, to claim to bo sbove the law. Al must obey the law while it oxists, and the remedy for o law that oporates injurionsly is to procuro irs repeal. MaTT H. CARPENTER. O THE KON. JASPER D. WARD. 1 WasmNerox, D. C., May 12, 1874, Ta the Hon, Jasper D. Ward, Chicazo, Mlember of the Forty-third Congress fiom the Second District of Tilois : Deaxn Sme: This morning I went to the House tothank you for your independent snd manly report in bebalf of upwards of 300,000 whito American citizens, Conservativos and Repub- licans, who are taxpsyers or dwsfran- chised whites, & co.axmunity whosa ouly political _cnmo s, that they are white and Lonest. Having been a firm supporter of . the present Administration, and & Nauonal Bepubligun, it wight not be awiss for me to xay that the action of tho majority of the Judiciary Committee, 1a refusing tho appeal of the taxpaysrs.of South Catolius, merely that a committes_be appointed to iuvestizute their feartully-cistressed coudition, while the Admin- istration was sustainivg. aud encouraging tha desporlors as ap elcment of the Repuolican Pparty, is, to eay the lesst of it, barbarous, Who 'wore the opposora: of this pitiful, Lumble appeal of s high-toned, - brave, but humiliaied people, the descondents of the heraes of 1776 and 1612, and of Plymouth Rock stock ? With.but few exceptions, thoy were the very criminals that the investigation would have couvicted before the great American people. From.ex-Gov. R. K. Scott down to the degraded Whittemore, who bad the audacty to show his faco in the White House, to sgain perjure lus soul with additional Les, every man of them should have been i the Panitentiary. Thero wos wot & singlo maa Who opposed the appeal of the taxpayersof South Carolins for an investigation, except it wers Movsrs, Can, Xansisr, and Rainey, membeis of Congress, but knew that they testified falsely. The Cougress- mon had to go before the Committee, or the out- laws who control the State politics would' have sacrificed thein_before an ignorsat mob, totally without re:uwuin% nowers, in the hauds of such despeiadoes_ss Whittemore, Scatt, Moses, L. C. Carpenter, S. L. Hogo, D. T. Cortin, D, H. Chamborlsin, Coidozs, Lev, Hasoes, Gleaves, aud others. ‘The brave sons and daughters of Carolins will be evor touclied by the noble act of Justice you bave accorded them in advacating their reques:. For ane, baving strong national sentiments, and anticipstions of a glorious future for my coun- try, from the Lakes to tbe Gulf of Mexico and from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocesn, 1t i8 dis- troseing 1o the extreme to kaow the eocial and politicsl degradation to which the whits people of South Caralina, Florids, Souhern Alavams, Miseissippi. and Louisians, ate being brought by the perswstent efforts of tho party in power to_biud those States to its fortune. This 18, financially, & bard year ; but, with the fertilo South in a thorouehly distressed, disorganized, £ud hopeless condition, what have wo to expech for yeacs to come? IiI am righly informed, the ‘axports from the South anothor year will not reech over half those of the present. The arca planted in-cotton is not two-tairds of that plant- ed in1578, uch of tho Lest cotton lands have been drowned out, and the crop 18 generally bad. May a blessing uliways be upon you for taking & just view when the weak ata hcini oprressed. Yours sinceraly, Woxcony LawTox, of South Carolina. ———————— INFLATION IN 10WA. Cnenorrs, Tn., May 11, 1874 Tb the Editor of The Chicayo Pribune: Sm: ‘The plausible manner of putting the question, Shall wohavemore monoy ? readily en- trapped the unthinkiog portion of the people, who at once concludod any measure thab should give them more money was entitled to their support. In the carly part of the dis- cuesion, 1 am satisfied the influtionists were a msjority ; but the sold men of the country have been deserting the untenable pogition aseumed by Morton, Logsaun, et al., tor the more substan- tial views 8o auly ndvocated by TiE TRINUSE. The statoment advanced by the DesMoines Reg- ister, that the anti-veto inenare six to onein Iawa is pteurd, and terribly wids of the truth. I am satisfied that the Stato of Iowa has's ma- Jority opposed to intlation. Men of all political parties aze warm in commendation of the Presi- dent in vetoing the Currency bill. The infla- tionisis aro chinning out. The Congressional elections this fall will turn largely on the * more money ¥ iesue; and, from present appearances, the anti-infintiouists have little to fear for the regult. L. P. . WISCELLANEOUS [TENS. ‘We ragret to hear of ‘the continued .ill health of Judge Jemes H. Howe, who, wohioped, had been permanentiy benefiled by his Flonda trip. —Green Bay( Wis.) Advocae. —Tbp St. Louis (#lole has consented to have the National Capital removed to Evansville. The matter, therefore, may boe regarded as settled, and it only remains to make the formal tranefer. —Evansvilie (Ind.) Journal. 8 —Itis reported -that Commodore Davidson contemplates quitting the river Lusibess eutire- Jy. Hewold, a foww daya ago,.stock in the Keo- kuk Nortbern Lioe Packet Company to the swmount cf $117,000. Capt. Peter Conrad, of St. Tomw, wes the purchaser.—Galena (i) Ga- 2elle. —The Allegan (Mich.) Journalis responsible for ‘tho statement that two members.of the First Reformed Church in Holland City, who are also members of the Masonic Order, have been potified that ** they must torsako, their.aprons or be excommuicated.” . —Dou't *figures kio"? It was written for the press that in Abchigan. there wera ‘'16,455 women, nbavo the aga of'21 vears, roturned as property-owners ;" when the type-setter mads it read that 16,155 Democrals " enjoyed that dis- tinction,—Toledo Commercial. ““The Virginis newspapors anpounce the death of the Hon. Paulus Powell, who ropresent- ed a District of that State in Congress from 1849 untif 1859, Mr. Powell, though he was kept in prominance during his'term of.oflice-noldiog.by the excsing nawre of tua pohiicsl acts in which bie pariicipated, bas been forgotien by tho nation ever since, —The Toledo Sun isto go.into eclipss. On the morning of the 22d inst. the Sbent of Lucas County will be visible ou thie right limb. Tatal obacuration hslf ap hour atterwards. This gorgeous planet was but a satellice of George Francis Train, and, during .the shot:.career it 2 run, has been one of the Mot gAAC0LS COM~ ponents of the Milky Way.—Ikteoit Tribune. a ) Elax. Flax has been grown in India chiefl for its sced for fome yoars, but of Iate the Bengal government bag endeavored to encourago its production as a.fibre. Ireiand is the great country for fsx-spinning, and raises & good portion of the fibre used, but Bussia has more scres undor fiax thaa all the rest of the world, The total aren for all countries is 000,000 acres, of which Russia has 1,600,000, ireland, 199,432, and the Uoued States, 61,204 acaes. Prussia, Austria, sod France are the greatest Hiax-reisers, with tha exception of Russiz. The number of aviudles in .Ireland is $09,430 ; m France, 620,000, but in Buesia, the greatest pro-- ducer, only 180,000 Great Britain and Ire RE SUBIKCX 70 TIHE EAME LIARILITIVS. If the doctrines contended for. by Ar..Carts: have .1,496.343: epindles, or nearly ono-half .of allin theerd.. b GALENA. The Decay of a Once Flour- ishing City. Reminiscences of Its Exu- berant Youth. The Appearance of the Professor of Husie. The Excitement of the Town--His Courtship. Organization of the Brass Band---The Grand Discuvery. Departure of the Professor. ‘When the railways began to overrun the brosd prairies of the West, and to fasten together the hitherto somewhat self-snbsistent communitics in bonds of general interest, they dealt s death- blow to many of the aspiring inland towns, which had up to that timo preserved a sort of feudal mastery over the section in which they are located, while, on the ,other hand, the pew order of things, coming 1n with the locomotive, inspired othor places with vitality and life. Among the old towns of the West,—old oniy by ‘comparison,however,—that realizedin themselves the damaging effect of the new methods of civi- lization and progress, as oxemplifiod by the xail- way lices, was | i GALENA, . noted in an early day as the centre of the * Dig- gings® or lead regions of Northwestern Ilinois, and drawing to itself, from ita locztion and im- portance, and ite river connection, the lion's shara of tho trafiic of the surrounding comatry and the Upper Mississinpi Valley. Tho town lies inland only a fewmiles from the Missiesippi River, with which it is connected by & stream which was then navigable. Fover Riv- er, or Galena River, a8 it was subsequently named at o meeting of self-reapeeting towns- men, hes no ambiguous course, but winds its placid way over the level bottom lands, turning bither and thither to compass the projecting binffs that frown at each other across its mild sarface,—which wears a perpetual smile, a8 if in 2 vain affort to appease the giant hills that sur- round it,—~and fivally finds an uncventful iesue in the broad bosom of the Father of Waters self. THE BLUFFS spoken of—and they are storehouses of bidden mineral wealth—were fouud so obstinate that, whon the railway was projected, the contractars fonud their easiest method of dealing with them fo be in the nature of & compromise, #nd there- fore they followed the course of the river, dig- ging only deep enough into the sides of the hills to secuie asafo lodgment for their tramwars, not attempting to cut through their strong bosoms. Thair sides, however, were richly covered with #oil, and &8 this wae cut away and fell into the river below, and was followed by _the washiugs from the long rains, it gradually filled up the chanael of tho stream, debariing the entrance of tha large steamboats, then.of tiesmaller storn- wheelo:s,”" 28 they sre called. and finally of any steamersaft whatever; so that, while tho railway itsolf was practicelly demonstratiog the svstom of navigation to be unequal o tho wents of the age, it paralyzed the commerce of Galena by de- firoying its feeder, whose delicats antenna gtretched to the great river, and thenco to all the world,—for & town built upon z navigable stream is on tho Lighway to 211 porte. DECAY OF THE TOWN. And 80 Galens, under this double blow, pssxed into decay and forgetfulness, as many cities have dous before.. It was robbed-by the radwav, not only of its commerce which 1t bzl gaimed, but of its birtbright which it had by nature. Trior to this time it bad led all its compesrsin enterprise and thrift, Its business-men were noted far aud nese for sagacitv and fair dealing, and ita vociety was held to ba'the best in tho Weat. It wzs not an unusnal sight in those days to sce a dozen ateamers—river-palaces they were frequently termed by their imaginative owners—on the placards which announced their time of de- partarc for Northern or Soutbern ports—sunving their noses on the long, low-lying levep, where corda of fig load, and bales, bags, and boxes of bome produco lny ready for shirment, whils wcorea- of stevedores or deck-bands brought forth from the capacions depths of the hold and lower cabins of the steamers the fruits and pro- ducts of many climes. But from this oulivening ecene the town has now turned quite away. Its prosent aspect is that of having sceu better days. Tko waro- houses clnstered along the levec are now vachut and zbandoved to the rats. The rattle of the dray is beard no more over the cobble-stone etreets. Tho sigma that sl bang over the doorways are dark with zge and mysterious with suzgestions of the paet. From a thriving and avimated in- land port it has passed into a demure village, deetined to be a looker-on atthe new order of progrees, and finding its chief glory in the past. t enioFs, in fact, & sleepy old age, like one who has done his work well. and, secure in his neigh- bors' good will, mives little Leed to what the modern generation has toattend to, being rather captions than otherwire at new-fangled potions. In the days of ite pride it looked down with, como contempt on such pretentious upstarts as Chicago, which bad indeed litile to commend it, being but » sort of sand-hill station ou the great etagoronte to the Eldorado of the West. Ono may even imagine tho look of surprised indigna- tion with which the old river Captain gazed upon the first railway train a8 it passed his plodding veseel puffing its slow way to port. As it rushed’ by with a sbriek of disdain, and paszed cut of sicht in an ipstant, amid a whirl of dust, much as if it werp 8 rude boy kiclnng -up his heels at his venerable grandeire and calllog upon him to resigniu his favor, it must have impreered him: with an ideaof pew 2nd stiange things, and he may have even out- Jined upon bis imogination the great teoming railroad city of the future, acdhave scen intho dim - perapective the crumbling ruine of the am- bitious and important river town. HER FONS AXD DAUGHTERS. But, though the commercial imortance of Ga- leng has ** suffered a lea cbange,” and its star is on the wane, it cannot- be said that its influence is lost, or bas even become enfeebled. Its gons, who Lave scattered to all quarters of tho coun- try, have many of them: become famous in eamp and council, snd it women occupy ro less high nocial poxitions. ‘It was once the proud boust of ons of its townsmen that there were more bean- tiful women to be scen mpon.its breezy hills, or threading its narrow snd disjointed streets upon » summer’s afiernoon, than conld be secn at Bagdad, or even in the eeraglios of the Sulian himeelf. This. fine stroke of imagery ‘was not unfounded. But, be it as it may. it is Dot to be denied that the littls town, hidden far away in one corner of a then distant Btate, has exerted a great rociel and poltical influence over the whalo field of subeequent events. Tt would be an sgreeable Pastite to_trace the causcs of the peculiar fa- voritiem of fortane- that - has magmified Galena into national importance. Whether it was the roil or climate, or tho activity and adventare of the mining life, or the scale of magnitude on which Nature has shown ber own power and grandeur in rearing the majestic hills that sur- round this place, or all there caunes combined, that insplred 80 many with an ardor for dis- tinetion, it 48 dificult to eay, and thees abstruse questionsare left for others tocogitate over; but, at any rate, at the time this true story was en- acted, no one dreamed of the coming_ shadows nor forosaw the tumultuous upheaval that re- sulted 10 80 many. national and individual changes in the aspect of tho country. Presi- deot-Grant has esid that his_ hizhest ambi- tion was to bwmla a sidowslk to his residence, which hung upon the sides of one of the encompassing bluffs. This expreseion indi- cates toe aspirations of the community. It was remote enough from otber settlements to be cn- wrapped in 1ts own local smbitions. and to be dopendont upon its own resources fcr its FOCIAL PLEASURES AND SECREATIONS. In these latter distinctions,Galena at this time was famous_far and near. Youog sad old alike wera in for fan on all occasions. - Practical jok- ing was cultivated as.s fine art. A etory flosting in that direction would 2 up.-and . before might it -would be known and Jaughed over in every homsehold. There were THE CHICAGO - DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. MAY" 16, 1874: threa or four merry geatlemen who gave much of thelr time to hatclung stories and concactiug riga on their neighbors. ' Tea-tablo gossip becams a science, The ro- tort brilliant made its originator a welcomo guost. Fun and frolic were tho goddesscs of every gathering, and he was voted & tirciome ciap who could not throw in some bit of bumor or waggish trick into the general fund of merriment. In f2ct, & more joily and happy set of people could scagcely hiavo been fonnd laughing nuder the sun thag were theso. 1t was at this tuao thai the eveats that follow occurred. TEE HEEO. One evening at dusy, in the winter of 18—, thero rolled un to the door of the Mansion House, which was then the principal hostelry of the place, tie well-known rcd and vellow wadge- shoped vehiclo which every oveuiug brought the Fassengers and mails from the Eaat, and the ar- Tival of wbich was the event of the dsy. Frink & Walker’s stago coutained on this cecasion sev- eral passengers, who doscended fiom the un- wholesomo enclosure in which they bad boon penned for the twelve preccd:og hours, steppod out with & dazed look, stretched their cramped lumbs, and then hurriedly betook themselves to tho Lotel-offce, fiom which a glowing fire ehone out, betokening a genial welcome. They weco duly scanned and criticised by the idlers present with somo degree of emoarrassing froedom, but with no suspicion of ill-will. With one of these trgvelers only Lias this Listory to do. This indi- vidual, after hio had cast off & dounlo supply of wrappiogs snd had flung aside bia great cost, by ‘wiuch process Lo had reduced himsclf to 8 much less imposing presence, re- vealed s tall, thin man, with weak blne and watery eses, o tlun, sbarp nose_tipped with an oriole of tianie, and a geueral outline of coun- tenance which was not particularly expressive in oy respect, except that it scemed to be the fer- tila soil where a multitude of fiecilos, that grew spontapeously, pursued each other oser the bridge of his nose down to tbe thin slitof a mouth, aud back to the distaut regions whers bis ears 8tood as ontposts toward the country beyoud, which neighborhood was sparsoly setiled by a thin growth of curly, light-colored whizkers, He was dressed in a sult_of uncompromising black, which bore the marks of asmduous attention from the whisk-broom. It was observed that when he had thawed out sufficiently to becomo repoasessed of ,his customary babits, Lis st movewent was to take from his vest pocket a lead comb, and, removing his hat, theroby disclosing & thin growth of yellowish-red hair, he gently combed it over his temples, and smoothed it down over his forehiead with much of the tenderness whic: o fond mother bestows upon ber infant son. It wasonlya few moments after the en- trancs of the passengers, tlat one of thoso bLid- eous Chuneso gongs, which bad lately fouod its way to Galenn, and was adopted as o novelty by the enterpriving landlord, sounded on the strect outeide, to'indicato far sud, near that supper was ready. The puest alluded to, who had a taste for muatc, as will presently appear, sterted up at this summone, end gazed wildly around bim, but as the instrument of tortura continued itg steady discord he presently recovered bim- self, and advarced to the open hotel register, where, after a moment's hesitation be inscrib tho following name: ‘“Nehemiab ole, A. M., Boston, M.," and depositing his Lat alongside of s scgie Cf oihers bugiug Upon pega, €are T hair & final caress, and passed into tho dining- room. : Tho nest day Prof. Mole made his misiion koown. Tlere was no wmystery aboutit. Ho was A PROFESEOR O7 MUSIC, > and had come to Galeus for the purposa of or- genizing & class, To this business he de- voted himself with such ardor that st the ena of a week ho bad inspired all the young men sbout town with the idea that they esch possessed rare but uncultivated talents in the mnsical way, and 28 he said he could teach anytbing, from 2 jews® barp to ap organ, *‘the principle being the ssme " in alfcases, he excited no little enthu- sinem, and got togethers number of willing pupils. THE BRASS PAND. If there was anvthing that Galens absolntely needed, it was a brass band. Everybody bud re- marked this, but 2o one, up to thiy time, had taken the matter seriously in hand. Naow, the ides took liko wildtire, = Every one was on- thusiastic about it, aud enjosed in contemplation = foretaste of joys to come. Prof, Bole had cortainly been inspired when be came thers with? tmusical designs. | Monday wesk was get as the time for the school to begin, and in the mean- time the town was sifted for” instruments, and some were sent to St. Lonis to get abetruza and complicated wind-pives that would make more noise and do more execution than any that wero to be procured close at hand. A few days before the looked-for event, most of the young men might have pcen scan, aud were beard, at a late hour of npight, drawing doleful wals from ths trombono, the siccclo, or the fife, a8 thetr fancy dictated. T'ha wayfarer at night was frequently startled by what Le eup- posod to be some ome grosming in Cdeep distzess, but it proved, upon investigation, to be one of tae amateuts wresthng with & note, Diaw poker aud checkers, and osher evening amusements that constituced the pleasures of male society, sutfered a declive; and were almost forgotten in the deepsr interest of the musical buainess. TOVE'S TOUNG DREAM. But whils the Profossor was meeting with marked success in musical circles, and nad be- come the lion of the hour, he had also allowed Dt fancy to flost away m a dream of love and Lappiness. This came sbout in this way. The vacaut seat to which he had been aseigned at table was accidentally oppouite the fair Mrs. Le Moine's, s French widow Indy who paseed many years of ber hfe in this retreat after tho Geath of the lamented Lo Moins. - She was snid 10 posscsa s independent fortune, and, a8 such atories grow without cultivating, 1t was no: loog before Prof. Mole bad this piece of inteiligence convesed to him, toadd to the interest which tne charms of the widow naturally ruspired in tho breast of one already devoted to art and beauty. ThLe long table at which the boarders of the Asusion House eat down to their meals be- came, o5 13 frequently the case when mankind meet w social forms and ceremonies, the ab- stract_embodiment of the idea of caste. Tha veats in the highest honor were near the bead of the table, Here the ladies gat, aud the conver- sation took its liveliest tove. Towards the foot of tha tablo the latest arrivals wera seated, and if they remained as permavent boarders tuok up 2 Line of gradual promotion. This was & welf rec- ognized rule. Thre musical Profossor bad becn for- tanate in this respect. Becoming, 28 he did, 5 recogmized cuthority in ene of the social graces, he was shorily wstalled 1n o vacans seat in one of tho nigher cucles, which also bappaned to be oppotite Ars. Ledoine’s. Oidinary politeness | calied upon him (o be attentive in this position, and, 83 the fair widow readily developed a taste and sympathy in musical matters, they bad & common topi¢ for cunverkation, aside from the Iittle acts of courtesy which the process of eat- ing end drinking called for. It is not impos: bls, while barding = plate of bread to the pating widow, that, all ungeen by other eyes, Professor slso degcsited an tile platier a heart which beat f&r her alone, and received in return, over the pasting butter, » pledge of undying de- voiion. Such things have bappened befors, ard will again, Who can map ont the territory of love, or discover tho invisitle telegraphic instru- ments that convey these sweet dispatches to and fro? » HOW IT CAME ATOUT, orin what words tho tender passton foynd lan- guage. it is not for the historian to telf, but at any rate it was moon rcmarked, £0soon that it would almost lead me to believe that the wires slluded to were intercepted by some meddie- some gossip. Before a weok had prssed it was the current talk that the Profeseor was ‘‘ shinning up” to Widow Le Moine. In ten days popular rumor said they were engaged, zod some .even predicted the date of the marriage. Thur ail things flourished for the itinerant musical pre- ceptor, who had certzinly followed his good star’ in sceking Galens as the place to let fy his har- monious birda of melody and love. WEICK ONEZ? Ta all this time, it bad not appeared what ma- sical instrument Prof. Mole pariicularly affected in giving his Jessons. He had contented him- sclf with the general staterent that, the *‘prin- ciple being the samo” in all, Lo could, therefore, teach one 1nstrument a3 well as another. This idiomatic conclusion w28 mnot to be.denied. aod yet popular epthusizam looked hopefully forward to the moment when he-would confees that.even he was like ardinary mortals in this respect and bad a choice. _As the eventng drew noar, the pupils began to discuss this point with some curioeity. It was thought by one . he wonld chooss the corne:-a-piston as being more of a tone instroment than any other. Anather thoughs the clarinct would give him mora free- dom, which, a8 an instrucior, bo would meed. Most of the students, however, lesned to the opinion that he would not confine himeelf toany one ipstrumens, but would use tiem all in turn, The ladies at.the hotel. standin 1 some awo of his diverso taleats, Lad moocstly Tequested 2 performance on the the squars box which stood in the parior and pagaed itzelf off with Lrazen affrontery for & barpsichord, but the mzn of uotes had not deigned totouch the tuing, and, feeling somewhat embarrased, the request vias not repeated. ** The ideaof Prof. Mole demexn- ing bis talents b gll)ing on that old box of discords,” ungh.dy Ira. Lelloine, who had scen soms Of the new-fashioned piancfortes then coming into Yogue. in tho fashionabie cuclesis | membering who they are now, and what they "Ho arranged with tha landlord to leave hi New Orleans snd elsowhore, where the lady her- soif was a welcome visitor. ““Wall, sbe used to sing and play Days of Ab- sence’ hersclf till I was almost crazy,” sud Mrs. McEroy. * It wes goad enough for ber then. It makes a mighcv difference with some who's bere and who isn't. Iam notafaid toplay,” | 2ud play she did until even the mos: bardened | #ympathizer with her seotimeats withdcew. | These two fair Iadies, who had been botom | friends,came to s misunderstandivg that day,that | was not cleared up for many weeks aiter. But tle Professor only smiled complacently and ! walked awey, carryiog with him the sympathies | of his audience, tor by this time he bad been po- cordod the hizher place in the art divine, and no one disputed bis dictum. - { , THAT FIRST EVENING. s ] The evening of the first musical lessonal | length arived, 8ad at oarly candla-lighe camo | the twenty worshipers at the shrine of the muses, carryiog under their arms, done up in green flannel bagg, the various instruments to which they had plodged their devotion. Tho names of these ambitious sspitanta for musical honors could ba given. Some of thom—yes, many of them—have written their mames on the roll ot bomor in the conptry’s service eince then. Bome followed therush tothe gold-mines in '43, and have founded houses and families on the Pacusic | Slope. Two were of the famous Vigilance Com- mutteo. Others mot death 1n tho ranks noarest the cnomy. So unstable is humsn lifo tbat, Tooking over this musty list of tho young men gatbered together that wiuter's night, and re- Lave been in the hour of necd, it is dificale to replece them in thut scano.. But, not to zntic- ipate history in this idla remembrance, let us return to the field of their first tnumphs, even tiough they themselvos may have forgotten that t0 excel in what may by a siretclr of the imagin- ation be termed the poacaful art of playing tho trombono was at one time the highest cherished ambition of their hearts. S ‘The twenty pupils had azsembled in the echool- houss which was the academy of all the arts for that section, and were waking the echoes with discordant notes when the Professor entered. iTo voraa look of anxioty, and, mounting the rostrum, he called the clsss to order, and pro- ceaded io & fow words to lay down some GENERAL LULES OF DISCIPLINE. “ There seoms to have been some misunder- ing,” ho said, * about my performing. I y_ipstrument cxeept the flure, but, tae principle being the same "—bhe looked furitively around to see how this revelation was received. [A hideous shrick of derision, givea with fine effect on the Suxe-horn latelyimported, and in the hands of a roystering and vizorous amateur,closed the Professor's speech abruptiv.] “ Give us o tute, Professor,” shouted anoth- er. A pandemonium cborus followed, which the Professor, in somo trepidation, interrupted by t;.‘&ing his flute out of its case and preparing ta play. “ Gentlemen, I will comply with your request if yon will only keep order." & Order, bova,” shouted 2 vigorous voice. Tho Profeseor blew into his instrument, scrawed it up, raised it carafally to Lis Lips, and commenced that doleful wail’ known ag the Adeste Fidolos, in a thin and fluttenng micor, and with 80 mavy leaks and quivers ae fo cause first & look of amused surpnse to pass around the musical audience: thens sly wink stolo eround, and several of the members stepped over to Aleck H—, who was the acknowledged lead- er in all practical jokes. > 4T am seized with the impreasion that this is & painful fraud,” whispered Aleck. Chailey W— walked up to the Professor this moment, aod, Lolding out his band, said: “Pay me back mv $." A dozen others screamed out and bellowed to the musical ge- nius through their iostruments. Prof. Mole was frightencd. Hia countenance turned s clammy white, and the unchangeabls freckles stood out in stronger relief than ever. He passed his haod over his thin bair and nervous- 1y twitched his slight whiskers. By mere forco of habit bLe took the losd comb out of his pocket. Sbauted Charley W—, “Stop combing your hair and give me my monoey." +-1 haven't any money left,” be faltered out. “1 paid it for board at the Jfansion House.” “You paid it for that ring to Widow La oine, you miserablo wretch! What shall we do with lim, boys?” At this junicture s general Impression seemed to gain ground thet a serensds would be the proper thing to begin in. This idea was dis~ placed by another. TNE MARCH. 2 4 Let's escort him back to ths hotel.” cried soma one. and, in spite of his remonatrances, & hollow aquare was formed about the unlncky wight, and the band took thoir way down 3lsin street, up to Beach strest, snd then towards the Mansion House. People ou the way fell in with the_procession, and anked questions. *We rra goibg to give & concert nt the Mansion House,” was tis replv. “ Gotting long pretty fast in masic, sin't yo, | boys 7” said one of the crowd. The reply was | drowned in the Babel of notes that wera poured forthi from the wind instrumeants. The tlrong proceeded on its way, gathering excitement ond numbers 2% it proereased. The frightened reda- rogue looked vainly around for a way of escspe to open, bus mone appeared. Arriving at ths hotel, a circle was formed, and Alsck, who had bren accorded the position of. feader of the or- chestre, stepped ont to sssnms the baton Up to this time thers had been no definite 1des as to what wou'd be dona. The mad merrimeat waz carried on in the spizit of fup, but it now assumod > A SCRIOUS SHAPE. The fear and excitement had 8o worked on the unlncky music-teacizer tlat it now quite over- came aim, and in the midet of the tumult he suddenly fell fainting in the arms of ono of the number present. The mirth came to 2 sudden halt and the crowd, with s quick change of im- pulse, stopped their noisy bellowings and ten- derly lifted him and carried him np the staira to | tho receptiou-room, where he was lzid ou the sofa. A number busied themselves in procuring remedics. Oue rushed aftor & doctor, another doused him with cold water, and a third seized a foather duster, under the gadden remembrance that burat feathers have z rostorative quality, and commenced dostroving it. By the time Le had palled out a haadful of gaudy plumars and was opplying o match to it, the Profersor cams to his menses. Mo raised hus head and fioally eat up. He _was still pale snd nervous. ‘Che water dripped from his nose and hia whiskers, and tricided ungoticed down his shirt-front. He felt in his vest pocke. for bis lead comb, but it seemed to bo missing. He zaved wildly aronnd snd began to mutter fo bimeelf. Some of the bvstanders subsequently alleged that ha #3id something about the “prin- ciple being the same,” but this was no donbt an unkind fiction. He was soon sufficiently re- covered to seek his room, and the crowd, after standing around and discussing tae evonts of the evouing, gradually dispersed. TEE NEXT MORNING. Ths Professor was heard at a late hour of pight movinz uneasily about his room. He doubtless thought of mauy things that might, and there wers not wantiog pred.ctions that he would take the early atage and leave the scene of bis late mortificatious, without waiting to make his pesce with the lovely widow. Thoes vho tuought so rockoned without thewr bost, bowever, for vanity s not easy of subjeciion, and his & Strange recuper- ative power. Ho ceme down next morving | buoyant aud hopefal, at sny rate to all appear- ; auces. He spoke carolesaly and jokingly to sev- orul, end passed into the diniog-room ith his nsual 2ir of dignity sad impressivenoes. He took his seat and ordered his breakfast calmly, He was evident!y bent on making the most of his predicamont. The lady bad ot yet broak- fested. Her plate shows in i‘s usual pizco. Her kmfe sod fork,—sho insisted on haviug her own,—were crossed upon the snowy cloth in front. He had oftea waited -for her, but thase litile things now seemed to ba wonderfnlly in- spired with her individuality. Recoilections of leazant words and tender glances stolo over inm, but sull she delaved. He dawdled over his coffee, and unoadily crumbled his bread. Fle foated that bis dyliberation wonld be noticed, buz he put aride tbo thought somewhat eazrils. Why shouid Le caro. At last she came, frosh as the morning, beautiful and stately as Hole. With all the inconsiatcucy of. her sex. the fair Iady was dreased ia ber best, dressed to per- fection, aad looked more beautifal tlan evor. THE ART. The Profeesor became conscious of this with & pang of joy. But she did not see him. Siracxe. she looked all abont und smiled ot others, but not at him. She saw over hum aud around hit, everywhere butat Lim. Io ebcrtebe cut ber late lover dend, aud extingzuirhed the distin- gnivhed withont a quiver, Slowly the Professor srose from the table, reluctantly he turo away,~there waa norelenting. He pushed his éhairup to_tho table and cast a despairiog look at tbe smiling face,—smiling on others, no more on him—and razeed out of the dinivi-room the | picturo of dallen greatness. The sorvanteven neglected to open the door. Ho noticed this Lus kept bie ores down. But we will not barrow &y | the feclings with this spectacle of shaticred dig- nity. Yho bas not eceu the fall of diguity? That afternoon_Prof. Mole left Galena Inrelrer. ag- ige as secuzity for his bill. It waa taken, and b walked out empty handed. t becam’s of him was pever known. g THE VALISE. . A month. oz -4W0 - afterwards his valise was | assumed that this was tho pasis of the i ! the Association by the Guvernor of ti opetied and was found to_contain o chsnge of linen, a fow pepers and letters, and a vellow- covored dog-eared bool: with the title, =+ Twenty Easy Lesoons on the Flata.” Amoug those w the * Adesto Fudelis,” and, conjectnre= 1esdily Protessor’s musical education. The s how he gave les-ons on any instrument, principle being the samo in ll,” is told ta this -day in Galeva: snd it is also sdded that the fickle widow afterwards married s cer- taia Captain, who subsequently made a Gea eral of biwself, 2ad lost & leg at Caicamanga.- This sequel 15 hard to belicve, for, to all appeat- aaces, suo loved the Professor to distraction. Is it possible that the femalo heart is subjeet to such violent changes ? It caunot ba believed. H. C. J. THE MISSOURI DEMOCRACY, Proclamation by the Leading Demos cratic Orzan of the State—A Zro= gramme of Hatred and RKevenge. From the ot. Lowis Dispatch (Editerial}, May 13, AISEOTRI DEMOCTACT. Evidently thoso who are. zealous for the for- mation of a new party in Missouri, or who are sure that the tume is opportune for the insngu- Tation of a movement similar to the one that cul. minated go_disastrously after Cincinnati, have nover considercd the sinfl of wiich Missouri Demoeracy is mada. They know nothing of ita fibee or texture, nothing of its passions aud ita batreds, and certainly nothing of its traditions xud its ancestry. It was an observation of Talleyrand's that, with the memory of some grast wrong to nnIKe tuem, sa intelligent party rarely ever lost its or- ganization. It mizht bobeaten again aud again ; 1 might for long yoara be hiold is subjection: 1t migut be ostracised soeially, and cat off from every path or aveuls 1o pIOSL oF patronaze,— but, when tho hour for action ciwe, the old memoriea would revivo i the hearts of the lead- o185 tho old battfe-cries would reswuken tho dormant energien of tha rank und file; a grand uprising, 28 of old, would astonish ali who be- lieved resistance dead; and victory—a thing un- known almcst to the gausrac gaged in the coutcst—cowa back, as of vid, to tao tuttered fizgs, heavy with the dust of couut- loas overturows. Without caring, save far tho-truth of to recall tho memory of & singlo wron Democracy in Missouri wheu it waa bo a Demociat, ne would remind every new-party ‘mountebank in the S:aze that persceution makes parties, like it does individuals, hersie. ftis the blossed motuor of discipline. It givesto a cauze 2 holy fervor, lke the spirituausin of a new faith. It bestows also 1ts Latreds und its coaso- loss yearnings for revenge. It teaches tao aged hiow o ba cuuining, that tuey may be tsefal 1n counscl ; aud tae youthful Low to bo brave, thiat they may be swift and resoluto in acuion. Ivis the great bamer, n short, that violeat partisanship raises beiwcen the conguerors snd tha conquered, aod whish prevents the absoro- tion of the lesver by tho grester, until time and over-conhdance, the abnses of power and che cruelty of proscription and disfrancaisersent, work vt for tho lutter toat salvalion wiuch re- stores the equilibriam of right and justic. Tt is impodsbic, becanss mnamunious humen nature, for the Miksouwri Dewmoct forget withio the Dext twenty years tbe reu: lesu persscution thut was 1ts ot from 1 1570. It is the memory of this, as mmuch as auy- thing else, and the vivid suferinga of this, that maka the party in tho Stats a great, com) mass of determined voters, who kuow but 020 tlag, one battlecry, one purposs, ono destiay, aud one fatuze for every projosiiion mado in the name of a new combination or & new set of prin- ciples. It may be caliod fanaticisin: very well generally fanoticism is honest. It may boe:lled an unrexsonablo prejudice : xtill very well; but, us that Were oa- | whe there sre sharp uwords in tue huads of - prejudiced men, blocd is shlt, and oppusiticn perishos as the dew in tha motning. ‘When Drake is forgotien ; when the dead come back from their graves who were slain becauss of the Domocratio garmeuts thoy wore; whoa the snd that Alissourisns own passes away frow au offspring taught Low to revers the cauao their fathers worshiped; when stranger-feet tresd the _battle-fields mado precious with too blood of alaveholdiug Democracy ; wien all tho living witnesses have perisbed wao ne beggary amay itsell in stolen purple, aud stalwart ruffianism stalk through tio sacred - places of the luw; wien cobach platforau pear the weight of aged gisats who voled tirtd for Andrew Jackson ; when AMamsachunelts cos- mopolitaus no longer aspire to bear tize utaudard tuat was torn from tie mailed band of Benton; when the Millonniom comes, ivdeed, sud the lion and the lamb lie down tugeiber, the new pariy, born of a Iace that bas neituer wrungs ta - remembuer nor mopuments to build, may come into Mlissouri 23 & plant likely to find root ang - growti, and bear friit meet for the repoutance of its followers. Until then, Democracey in the Btete will remain as now—the Qivialtar of the Continent. [Commenting upon the sbove, tho St. Louit Republican—1ong the prineipal Democratic pa- per of Missouri, but now e Independent jours nal—says: ** It will be veen the cruel war of in_mot over ; thut for twenty years the uri Domocrucy must live upen * ceaselest yoarnings for ravenge ;' that Robel uniforms are the true Democratio garments; that-tie growin generation must b taught to revero tuo Keool causo,” stc. We aro not socaking for any prriy, any urganization ; Lut we daro L Dispatch aud its Bowbon backens to sttont to ruu thie Mis- rouri canvass of 1874 upon the lswues 8o pre- sgnied. Briog out your ‘ Demoeratic garmeus,’ 1eaveoff your ‘ceaseless yearnings,’ aud begin !’ NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSCCIATION. Proru, 0, May 11, 1874, The fourteenth snnual méstius of the N tional Educations) Aseceiation will bo held Detroit, Micb., on Tacaday, Wednesd: Tuuruday, the 4th, 5th, aud 6:h doys of A next. A cordial ivitation Lus beeo extend tho Magor of the city, tho Stato and C.. inteudents of Puulic Instructypn, and tae Bourd of Education ot tho city. 'Lhe uto of amcubly- rooms for tue sessicus of tho Auspciasion Lus been tendered by the cicy autborites. The following 14 an ouiline of the programme for the meeting : GENERAL KESTION. of tha Cousmitics oa * Upper fichogls, "—the ue T Report subject of Dr, McCush™ Georgo P. Huya, Pronice g son College, Fa., Chairzin of Co * A Nutivbal Unsivrsity,” Preaid-nt A. D, White, of Cornell Univesmity, is expoctud 10 prescat tue feadiug Paper on this anbject. “Sex aud Education,” It ia jutepded that thero aball be an opportamity for s full discuizion of this subject by expuncuts of tke ledding views concerning it. Dr. Edward H. Clarke, of Bosion, wil presout e frst y3per. - Of tle_ovening addresses, noibing definite can at present be aunodnced, Gxeopt thut tue Hon. Join Latun, Commiisaioner of Education, is expectod 10 dw= Lver oue of tuem. DEFARTINEST OF 1. % Thu E.ective Sraten ia € Universi- tes.” 1. Feavody, Harv 2. cation of tué hexea fu Universitfes” Prof, J, K. Hoawer, £tate Univermty of Missonri, 3, “ Cuivensity Endoscucnts?” Tua Hou, J. B, Bow- ‘man, Regent of ibe Cuivcrsity of Evitucky, 4. * Cisssloal Studiesn cation.” Prof. damnrs D. 1 5. * Plan of the Univers abie, €hairman of thé Fi Virginia, DEPARTAIRNT OF NORXAL. KCTIOOLA, 1. “Report onm the Actual Courses of Siudy of the Normal §:hools in e 3 ) , Togetier with Steststics Relasing to Such Scliool ot Ugdens, A3- sistant Priccipalof tne Oulo Central Normal Scliool, Worthingtoo, O: 2. * What Aretbe Ievenliuls of a Profession ; and What Must B3 tae Special Work of Norwal S.hoili to Fatltle Tum to Ba Called Profeswinal 27 Larxin Dunton, Fiead Master of tue City Normal $:kool, oz~ M, 3. 4 Morhod and Manncr.” Louln Foldan, Priscipal of the City Noruwal S:bioul, 8t. Louln, Mo. 4, * Traiutug Schocls fisConteciion with Normal 8.Lools,” Eeport by the Chairuin of 15 it 3. C. Greenougly, Principal of the Siate Normal Sca.on, Prondence, X. IL DEPLTHENT 0 SUPERLITEDEY ui m EDTCATION, < Virg: " 5, Ven lty of tho -Univerdity of cE. m Planand for Pullisaing toy Ucal Tabla on Educatioz.” T. W. Harvey, Stuie Commfrsioner of Common Schoolk, Oblo, Cazirman of Conuuittee, DEPARLXENT UF LLEMENTARY hCHOOI Several Probiuma 1 Gisded Besool Mauzgement,” Z E. White, valo, L3, 5, Kesler, Cioretend, O, Dr. Anmsrong, Principil of the Siate Normal §:200], Fredoula, N.Y,, 18 expected to prescat the i Elemesiary $:Lools.” LouncErGEns Con. programma, 5, et il Le brevdezt, rota made ax 700 24 pomiiiic, S, B WHITE, A. P, MARDLE, Sccretars, Another fmperial Ruwssian Marringe. ‘Ihe Czar of Russia 15 to hove anotaer mar- riage in bis faumly. His frecond ean, the Graud Duze Viadimir, the favorits of the Erperor, aud geoerzLiy belioved to Le the sblest of tie Bus- sian Princes, has been botrathed to alane, daughter of the Grand Duke of Mecldenburg~ Beuweri It mas be s luve maion, for tha ! Princesa is not nch, nor is her position 6f anxy articular importance, Her fataer, the Grand uko Frederick, was marricd sLreo times, sod Bha is the ¢ldest danghter Ly bin first wife. Hha was born in May, 1854, and bor bridegroom 18 her senior by seven years. The only peculiar featurs of poriod iz life for » Busdian Prince to marcy, is mearrisge is, that the Grand Duke is aircady 27 years of age—s very iata *