Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 9, 1874, Page 10

THE CHICAGO LITERATUR A™he Martyrdom of Mmn. THE MAY1 'YRDOM OF MAN, By Winwoop READE, o, ppe 643, Now Yorke! Aun K, Bults & Co. M. Winwe'od Roade hing boon an extonsive and adventurous A'frican oxplorar, making his frat tonr in tho western portion of tho Continont in 1802-'3 ; and his socond, in Inner Africa, In 188-70, Tho Aatter oxpodition was conducted under tho auspied's of an afsociato membor of tho Royal Geogray dbical Booioty, for the purposs of studying rolig lon and morality among the natives, and also ol ' collecting matorials for the presont work, It w as tho author's_original plan w“ to propnro, under tl1o title of l’[lzm (;;-‘l\g:xl n?: Mind,” & supplotuent to Orlgin of ppflpu clos;” but his idea was nntloipated byr Mr. Darwin himsolt In tho * Descont of Miw,” and ho mocordingly * oxchanged his firat intelition for the schomo of tho prosent volumo, Ir1thie it has boon Lis ob- {oct to controvort tho stn temont, maintained by wrltora of phitosophical Izistory, that Negzolaund, v Tunor Africs, has boon cut off from the main stream of the world's oventay, by showing thatitle conoocted, through Islamisn i, with tholaudsoftho East ; and that, through tho slave-trade, it has poworfully affeoted the morul history of Enrope and tho politienl history of .tho Umted Btatcs. Theno aro questions of profound intorest, and stimulato to a Ligh degroo tlso curlosity of tho reader, Tho writer intimates, in tlio preface, that his volumo hna ovorflowed ite origtinal bounds; and thnt, from tho bistory of Atrica, hio wag con- stinined to write the history oit tho world; that o could not doscribo ancient Nogroland without doscribing tho archaio nations ‘with which it was brought into contact; that he could not narrate tho zisesnd progress of Mohammedauism without explaining the nature and origia of that religion, and of tho roligiona of Judnism and Christianity, out of which it grow; and, flually, that, in sketch- ing a history of the elavo-trade, an account of tho ecarly discovorles of the Iortuguese, tho ‘giories of Vonetiau commerce, tise revival of tho Arts, tho Dark Ages, and tho invasionof tho Gormons, was involved. This is o scopeof im- menso expanse,—inoluding, indeed, tho outlines of universal history,—and, to coraproess it into n siugle duodecimo, 0f nocessity demands that -mfaml facts and principles should bo troated to tho oxclusion of dotails,~ Mr. Rondo divides his work into four chaptors, the first of which bs entitlos War. Within ita limita ho givos o compact, but' comprohonsive and connected, nkoteh of igypt, Wostern Asia, tho Porsiaus, £ho Gieoks, tho ffacodonisng, Al oxandria, the Phemelnns, Carthage and Romo, . Roman Africn, and tho Arabs. ‘Theso are brill- fant and cnknlvnung pages ; for Mr, Reade's styloin highly oruate, and yet vigorous aud pointed. 1lo dresees’ tho frots of llstory in 1lorid colors, transforming tho most prosuioc into tho somblance of pootry. Tho offect is some-~ times eo dazzling that one doubts if the poatical liconeo of prosouting striking nnd beautiful im- azes has not been used to tho miarapresontation of truth, But, in bis narration of ovents, the writor conforms elosoly to the nuthorities, It s nimpty in docorating it with the splondora of o fer\‘ilrimnginunuu that he departs from tho com- mon method of trenting history. As a eamplo of hiy graphiio power, Wo copy = passage from ihe flight of the 1igyptian Court across tho Nubinu Degert into Central Afrien, aftor the capture of sfomphis by the Bedoums, aud the establishmont of tho dynasty of the tiyskas, or Bhepherd-Kings : ‘Tho Nil~, il is trae, flows through this desert, and Joins Lthiopia to Egypt with a silver chuwn, DBat, from tho timoof its lesving Soudnn until it reachics 1o Ulack granite gute which marka the Egy frontier, it {s coufined within o parrow, crooked, hol- low way,. Navigation is impossible, for its bed 1a con- tinualiy broken up by rocke, and the stream Is walled du; it cannot overtlow its bauks, ‘The refgn of tho Baliora {8 wintorrupted, undisturbed. On all aides is tho desert,—the bLaord, shining desert,—tho implac- ablo waste,” Aboyo a & ball of fire, necouding and do- ecending in a stecl-bluy !:?‘; below, a dry aud scorch iug eca, which th wind ripples into gloomy waves, Tho air 18 o cloud which raiue fire, for it is dim witn perpotual dust,—oach molcculo & spark, The eyo is Joited snd ozzled; . it can flud no yest, Tho car is startled; it can find no sound, In tlo soft and ylelditg sond the footstep porislics unheard ; nothing murtmurs, nothing rustles, notaing siuge, Tbis sllence I8 torribo, for it convess the fden of deatlhi ; and all know that, in the descrt, deatl is Dot far off. Whon the clemoits become active, thoy assumo peculiar and portentous forms, If tho wind blows hard, a strange storm arises; tho atmosphero i pervaded by a dull and lurid glure; pillars of sand spring up a3 1f by magic, aud whirl round and round ina ghastly and fantastic dunce. Then a mountain, pearing on tho horizon, aprouds upward f tho sy, 1nd o durkness fuoro dark thun night fulls enddenly upon the carth, ‘o those who gasp, with swelled tongues and Diackened lips, in tho last sgonien of irat, the mirage, ko & mocking dresm, oxbibita ukes of trunspareut water and shady trecs.’ Dut the vells of this desert uro scanty, aud the wafers found them aro snlt., With o great capacily for digesting history, and roproducing it in & coucise’ aud attractive torm, Mr, Reado also shows, in thia opening chaptor, that ho hns an irrapressible tendency to independent and uncompromising thought. He docs nou hositato to assort his opinions, bowever they may clask with the popular iden. . For instance, ho declares, in the sturdicst peeck, that, notwithstanding their pre-eminent genius and culture, the chaructor of thoe Greelks was grounded fu dishonesty ; and_that, % With their fine phrases aud rhiotorical expressions, they bavo evor swindled hustory, and attained o sast amount of admiration undor falso pre- ienses.” In speaking of Cato tho Censor, the Stoio, he says : * ‘tho man who seis up as be- Ing much botter than his age is always to be wuspected ; and Cato is perhaps the bost specl- eu of the1ugged hypocrite and anstero charlatan thiat history cun produce.” From positive sen- sences like these, which amuse rather than aarm, wo got o hint of moro strauge and start- iing eXpressions in advauco, In tho second division of the work, the influ- ence of Ileligion over human history is conaid- ered. Tho ualural history of ruliglon'fy first pregentod , after which follows a skotch of the sruclites, tho Jows, tho Prophets, tho charactor of Josus, tho Christions, Arabis, Meccs, tho charucter of Mobammed, o description of Africa oud the Mohammodius in Boudan. Again we havo a broad aren outlined, much of it lying in a now domnin, and devoloping & change in the Btyle of treatment. The sentiments of the writer, before ouly guesscd, are now plainly de- fined, and reveul bim as a Free-Thinker of the most’ aggioseive tvpo. Ilis dolineations of Jow- Ish history, of the Prophets, of Jesus and tho Christiany, are dono with a hareh and irrovorent Lond. No respect for prejudico or fecling do- ters him from an unspming use of the scalpel. 18 method is needlessly rigorous, and makes ovon hardened spectators bleuch and turn away. 1lis account of tise Mohammedans in Central Af- rica 18 intercsting, Lut tco brief to ailsy curiosity. That information which is fresh- csl, and of which the author phould bave on ample store, is snnoyingly with- Dold. But Mr. Reado purposes to publish a eoparato account of lig travels {n Africa, and re- £ervos for that work the minute descriptions of lifo in Nogroland for which our appotite Lankers thie, In tho third chapter, headed Liberty, the nar~ rative onco more becomos almost purely his- torical, Now tho wriler traces tho rise of Europe out of tho darkness of the Middlo Ages ; the _discovery of Westorn Africa by tho Portugueso ; tho justitution of tho slave-trado ; and the his- tory of that groat republican and philanthropie movemont which won 1t4 first victoryin tho abo- lition of theslave-trado in 1807, and its luat, in tho victory of Ilichmond in 1805. Tho sume power of graphic dekcription, of grouping ovents aud massing facts, which coustituted the charm of the first portion of the volume, is conspicuous Dero, giving tho relation tho force and value of o historical compend, As a conclusion to tho volume, Mr. Rondo pre- sents a summary of the whole past history of tho woild, supplomenting with & prodiction of the futuro of tho humun raco, and a ploa for tho religlon of Reason and Love, In this final chapter ho adds tho wholo strength of his intel- loct to tho support of the theorfes of Evolntion and of Nutural Seloctlon, rofurbshing the famil- iar arguwients of Darwin aud Wallaco, and enriching them with one or £wo new oncs of his own. DButho goes much boyond Wallace or Darwin in hypotheses regarding the origiu and destiny of man, o bolioves that mind has, in Bomo inscrutablo way, gonorated from matter, 2nd that the one caunot be dissociated from the othor, Tlhonco follow the dodustions that the soul is uot immortal; that supornatural Chris- tinnity Is falso; that the worship of God fs idol- etry ; and that prayer is entirely uscloss, Bir, Noudo thinke that tho human race {s now in tho thirdstugs of its progress, lmvln[{ ‘}msund Shrough tho first und second, in which War and Roligion were tho great forcos of clvilization, and cowme into thot of Liberty, when tho utmost [reedom ot lvquity and opivion 1s demanded, Liventually, it is his'ides, man will emergo mto & tourth and tinal period, which may be oharactor- Ized as that of fntoltect ; when mind shall have 80 subdited and possessed wmatter an to bo able ko ¥iuvent immortality ™ and becomo itself “greator, having the knowledge snd power to set forces at work which will result fu the genern- tion of heyw forms of lite, Al xeliglon yiuiols Br, Hgado would gisat o placo of that which of Humanity ¢ To develop lo the utmost our genius and our love, that ia the only true roligion, T do that which do- sorves o be written, o writo (hat wiiloh denervea to bo roud, fo tond ihe alck, to comfor the Korrowrul, to animiato the woary, 10 Xeop tho fomplo ‘of $his oy Yy to pure, 1o clierish fhio divinity within us, ta ba faithin thoso powers which havo to the intolicet, to educato been fntrusted” to our chisrge, and to employ thom in Lho service of Humanlly,—that ia allwe cando, Then our clomonta sall he dispersod, and ol is at an ond, All1s at an ond for tho wnit,~—all i at an end for the gom—all s at an end for tho mpock of fesh and Lloo 2 with the littla spark of instinct which it calls itsmind: butallis not at an ord for the actual Man, tho truo Bolng, the glorlous Ono, Wo toach tht the Boul fs {mrmortal ; wo tench that thero i a futuralifo; Jro toach that there fu a Meavon in tho ages far away ; but not for us ningle corpuscles, not for us dots o auimatod Jelly, but for tho One of whom wo aro the oloments, and who, though wa porish, nover dios, but wa_from poriod o portod, aud by tho united ef- orts of lh!Flu moleculoa called men, or of thoss cell- gtoups called nlunnnl s raised towards iho Divine powor, which he will finally attain, Our Religion, therefore, {a Virluo ; our Hopo ia placod in the ]Inm)l- mean of our postority ; our Faith 15 the Porfectibility az, Horo wo discover the ley to tho enlgmatical titlo of Mr. Reado's volume, *¢The Martyrdom of Maun,” The veligion which he builds upon the ruins of that which ho has ruthlesaly pulled down begins avd ends with the martyrdom of man, Until human nature bas, in tho frocess of ngos, becomo sublimnted, lifo for man monns, according to this croad, aimply slow and contin- ued crucifixion. : Tho oxact value of tho history, the solence, and the suggostion included in Mr. Rende's work, can bo eatimated. It Is considerablo, But, upon tho theorios which Lio has advanced no ap- preciation can bo fixed. Being purely fanciful, and incapable of demonstration, they are worth something to thogo who accopt thom, thoso wlo do not. ‘The volumo abonnds in Qypnimphlcnl orrors, indicating a carclossness on tho part of tho proof-roador that calls for stern consura. Lo dostroya is the delfloaton One of Gootho's Love-Eplsodes. ALIDE; Ax Eriobe or Goeziws Liek, By EMMA Lazanus, Author of * Admetus and Other Pooms,” 12mo,, pp. a4, Thiladelphia: J. 1, Lippincott & Oo. ‘Whon Goothe was littlo more than 20 yoars cg 8ge, ho dwolt for a timo in Btrasburg, for the suke of furthering his studies in jurisprudonce, Whilo there, Hordor sent him, ono dny, n Gor- man translation of the *Viear of Wakefiold,” Goothe was captivatad with the homely simplicity and pathos of thestory, and, for a time, it took possossion of his imagination. In the midst of this exalted stato of fecling, his friend and fol- low-boardor, Weyland, begged tho pleasuro of presenting him to the family of a coun- try-clorgymon mamed Brion, living at Sosenheim, 6 lengucs from Btrasburg. Goothe, never 80 happy as in tho socioty of ladics, will- ingly consented, but with tho agraement that ho should bo permitted to make the vistt incoguito, Ho thoroforo put on a auit of mean-looking gar- ments, combed his bair in s strange fashion, and, assuming an awkwagd manner and a bor- rowod name, cdmpleted a clover disgnise. On ontoring the parsonage at Sosonhoim, ho was startled to find almost an oxact realization of tho scones portrayed in the * Vionr of Wake- fleld.” Manyof tho circumatancos connocted with the iomo nnd family of the Germaun paator vividly recallod those portrayod in the English story, sud Goothe was held by & fascinatlon like that of & dresm como truo, It was onsy for his liyely fancy to discover in Parson Brion, tho wife, the two sprightly daughters, and tha son, tho varlons membors of tho Wakoefleld family ; and ho de- lightodly gave himself up to the charm of an idonl suddenly trausformed into the actual, tho tangible, and tho oujoyablo. Bofors tho evoning was over, he had fully surrondored his impressi- ble feolings to tho bewitching iuflucnce of the youngor daughter, tho lovely Frodorike, aud to the domination of a now and tonder passion. On rising the next morning, ho was overcomo with chagrin at the thought of again ontoring Frodorika's presence” in unflattoring disguiso, ond, fu a transport of mortification, he rushed {from the house, vaulted on Lis horse, and flew off on tho road to Strasburg, with the intontion of thore resuming Lis own dress and roturning to Bosenheim in timo for dinnor. But suddonly a new thought occurrod, and he whirled about, rodo back to the villago-inn, and porsuaded the landlord's son, fortuuately of tho right sizo, to lend him his Sunday garb for the day. Incasod In this, he onco more presented himuelf at the parsonage, whero, with many tunny incidents, ho contrived to docotve cach of the Briousin turn in regard to bis idontity. At lnst, throwing off all concoalmont, ho declared himself in his own character, snd the remsindor of tho doy was passged by tho young people in the happiest man- n or, Out of this first visit ot Sosenheim sprang o warm friendstip betweon Goothe and the postor's family, and a stlll closer fio betwoon himsolf nnd Frederika, Tho ly:ung girl regarded the gifted and captivate g youth with tho onthusinem of an ingenuous hentt, while ho rociprocated the feeling with tho impetuosity of a cusuous mature, The fond relation uniting tho two was continued until Gootha's studies were finished at Strosburg, and he returned to Lis home in Frankfort, Goothe's demennor was, in all respects, that of a dolicato and dovoted lover; and Irederika gave bim the simplo, nnquestioning faith and love of an inno- cont girl. A formal botrothal bad, howovor, not taken placo betweon the young couple; and, ss the time drow near when ‘Goothe, ay an honora- ble man, must declare_bis intentions, Lo sbrank from tho neceesity, and folt a dreadful and evor- incrensing !flgn“nw to fotter Limsolf iwith family-ties, in overy othor caso_in his ox- perienco where woman Yaa concerned, he allow- ed the solfishness and ficklonaus of his charactor toprevail, oud his allegianco to duty and to Fredorika was sacrificed,” Tho relation between the lovers was dissolved; and, when Goothe loft Btfasburg, ho parted from Frederika, and plunged “for reliof from regrot sud remorao into the excitoment of books, of travol, and whatevor olse is possible to tho con- dition of man. Eight yoars after, whilo travel- ing with tho Duko'of Weimar, he turacd aside once again to visit Frederika, He was recoived by horselfand funily with oalm, kind cordiality, and roliovod from all cmbarracsment by o frank courtesy that carefully avoided any painful ro- currence to that which might wound in memories nothing to ' DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MAY 9, 1874, Tho beanty and sweolnoss of Ophelia's charactor cans not bo nxn(sklrlltd. ‘ot sha fa no mato for Hamiet, o simply outgrows her ; or, rather, in_binding himaclt to bior, ho had undercatimatod his own powsrs, and, Aftor theno hiave Leon supornaturally revealed to him, 1t ia imponsiblo for him ta return to Lifs entitor poaltion, Itis henrt romains truo to hor, hut his whole intolioct~ unl hature lias gono boyond her, Thoso were tho sentimonts which animated Gootho's conduct, To odueatn, to perfoot, to pampor golf, wan his objoct through life; and, whoreas tho ponrl of o ‘womon's love wns tho Eum nooded to sob off hin vanity, ho did not ositato to appropristo it, giving tho voriost drosa In roturu, And yot, ho whoso intellect, or passion rathor, outgrow onoe beautiful and oulti- vatod woman aftor another, at last married tho poasant woman Oliristinno, tho mother of his 17- {unr-n!d son. To hia crodit be it snld, that, dur~ ng tho twonty-oight yoara of thoir union, ho treated her with the utmost manlinoss, and boro without & murmur the ssvera trials and morti- flcations sho brought upon him, In tho suffor- ing which ho ondurad through his wifo, e par- tally atonod for the solfishness of his courso toward Frederika. 7 It is n little curlous that Miss Lozarns has omitted from hor utmiy tho most slngular ovent Gootho has recorded in connoction with it At tho moment of hls first parting witl Froderiln, at the closo of their intimacy, & mysterious vision occurrod to him, s wonderful as ‘any wo road of in these daya of epiritusl phenomona, Wo quoto hie account of it: Whon I reached hor m; hand from my horse, the toavs stood In hor cyes, an o Ifelt very unouny, Imow rodo along tho faotpath towards Druscnlistm, and here ono of tho most aingular forebodings took pos. on of mo. I maw, not wikh the cyes of the , but wiih' thoss of tho mind, my own flgure coming towards me, on Lorseback, and on tho ssmo rosd, attired in o dross ‘which I had nmover worn; it wos piko-gray, with somowhat of gald, Aw’soon as I aliook mysolf out of this dream, thio figure ad ontiroly disapprieared. It 13 strango, howovar, thint, olght. yoors. afiorwardr, I found miyself on tho vory Toad, to Y ono more visit 10 Feedorlke, n tho drees of whlels T hod drenmed, and which I woro, not from cholce, but by nocident. How- ever i may bowith mattora of this kind genornily, this strange illusion In somo measuro calmod moat the momont of parting, ‘Tho pain of quitting forevar the noble Alsaco, with all ‘that I hnd gatned in it, was softened, and, having b last escapod_tho excltofaent of & farewall, T found myaclf on s peacoful and. quiot Journoy, pretty woll rocovered, It is a8 amnzing as all the rest, Mark tho fioal sontence | Iio has at lnst got thorouguly cloar of nn unplonsant ontanglomont, aud Gootho s hitwmselt again. ¢Star of Our Lord.” [Communicated,) STAR OF OUR LOUD ; mi‘ Ciniar Jrsos, KING OF ALt Wonwps, Botit oF TINE On Braotj Werit THOUGRTA ON INSPIRATION, AND THE ASTRONOMIC Dounr a8 7o _Cinmstianirr, By Fnanois W. :Vl.{ltéum. New York: Nelson Phillips, 13mo., pp, Tho author of this volume, Prof. Francls W. Upliam, Iato of tho Rutgora Instituto, is a brothor of P'rof, Thomaa C. Upham, of Bowdoin Colicge, 8o dear for a quarter of n contury to tho successivo classos in that institution, He has mauy of the characteriatics of his eminent brother: a shrinking.modoaty ; a gontle roserve; a bonutiful and fervout faith ;" a largo and gra- clous charlty ; o scholarship as oxact as it s full; o marvolous patience in investigation; a quaint, reflacd, and oxquisite stylo, nrebalo in its dignity; aud o most noble spirituality ot tono and thought, Lven when the reador of Lhis books cannot agreo with his conclusions or hin statemnonts, the charm of their spirit wios him into sympathy. A fow years ago, Prof. Upham published s book about the wise man who caomo to Dothlehem, who they were, and why thoy camo fo tho_ birth of tho young child,— almost » monograph in Enflish upon one of the neglected thomos of the Biblidal story. Tho careful argument, the nico investigation, the effluonco of learning, in this quiet volume, which lacked a lorald for tho crowd, but was road with delight by Biblical scholara, surprisod evon thoso whio wero wonted to sucli rescarchos. That volumo wa3 meant a8 proliminary to this moro important work, in which the conncction botween tho Pagan proplet of the age of Mosos and the Pagan sccrs of ths Christian advoant in vindicatod and domonatrated, It was the porol to this inner sanotuary, And the comparison of a sanctuary iafib and ac- ourate in describing this beantiful volumo, It is fivet, loat, and aliways, frott. the beginning to tho end. in all its argument, in all ifs lln!srlu- tion, in ita array of facts, in the ourrent of it muging, profoundly religious, It 18 & book all full of bolief. Tho writer is, by training, and by naturo, too, o crjtio, and ho can spond days, woolts, snd moaths, in cxaminiuy a pasaago of tho Bible, or of Philo, or of Horotlotus (for his faith ig catholic in drawing from all fountains) ; yot lio is controlled from wandaring by that bond which Liolds and draws him to the unscen world, and to tho groat veritios of = living Providence in tho world of Naturo and the Soul. IIo looke up for his instruction, whilo he com pnres, and adjnsts, and reconcilos the warning yoicos of tha prophiets, and tho chroniclors, aud tho allogorizors, The roliglousnosy is real, in the soul of the book more than in its phrases; in tho ewoll of the soa on which this barlk of dis- covery ridos. There is a decp scnso of inspira- tion, of tho presence of & Divino influence, not only in tho written word, but in the groat, won. derful world of Naturo 8f whioh this is tho ex- onont, It is not roligious tall,—not at all what 8 oustomary in vrayer-meotings or in thoe pious Looks ; but roligious sontimont, quickoniug nud sanctifying all the serutiny and all tho refloction. Wo could almost beliove tho writer was on his knoos whon ho sought tho menning of those soorots and marvels of tho Scriptures, ns it wau said of St, Jorome that'ho knelt in transiating the Bible, - That tho soholars of our time will bo con- vinced by tho argument which scoms so cone vincing to tho xfiwout soul of Prof. Upham, 18 moro than wo dare to aflirm. That thoy will consent to tho doctrine that in the Christ all au- thority contres, in the realm of Naturc ar of Grace, is not indicatad by the tons of tho dis- courao, in thia timo, eithor of scientific oxposi- tion or of Diblical oxegosis. The effort now of interprotors is to got rid of tho supornatural, to oxplain nwsy tho prodigies, which they will aquarocly deny if they cannot oxplain them as natural facte, Comparativoly fow of thoso who *dlvide” the Scripturcs vonturo to hold that high view of inspiration which wo fiua in this volume. Comparativaly fow of those who tell tho meaning of tho four ovangolists are caroful to speakof them as Saints, Prof, Uphamalwavssnys Baint Matthow, Saint Mark, Saint Lnko, Baint John, Balut Paul,—as if bio were a Catliolic monk of the past. Fredoerika maintained n Iriondly ot dignified manner, which proserved their in- orcourso upon a quiot and’ J:leaunnt basis, ro- lioved Goothe of ‘evory timid and awkward ap- prehension, and suffered him to depart with & moro peaceful fecling toward one of whom he waa consclous of having deeply wronged, than had beon proviously possible to him. Tius 18 but one of a multitude of similar opisodes that crowded Gosthe's ife. Yo has ro- Intod the story ot longth in his Autobiography, It is paid that, whilo dictating tho account to his sccretary, forty yoars had transpired sinco the event, he was 80 overcoms by the ronowed rec- ollections that he was compolled to pause and give way tohis emotion, When Lo had suffi ciently recavered bimself, Le rosumed tho dic +tlon, Dut it was in a low, sad undortone, that bo- trayod tho deep opprousion of hiu fooling, ow Fredortka boro Jor dlsn{)poiutmong we can dolittle moro than' conjeoture. Buffering was juovitably consoquent upon the rupture of the tendor tfe that bound her to Gootho; tha blight of the hopes ko bad encouraged her to cherish, Itisaflirmed thot, scon after he loft Strasburg, sho plighted troth with Long, the frlend of Gootho, Howevor thia mny bo, iv doca not #often our resentmont toward Goetho, who, in bis innumorablo love-aluirs, showed that he was a8 waut(ng in Lioart as ho was dowered with gonius, In '“Aldo,” Miss Lazarus has given an ad- mirable version of this incident in Gootho's life, 8ho los ncouratoly followed his own relation of it,—adopting, a8 far as practicablo, "his sentimonts and langusgo, Inusing tho novolists privilego of embolusii ing tho narrative, and filling out the sketch, sha has succecdod in holghteniug thoe offact without detracting from thoir fidelity. With tho excop- tion of Goetlie, tho personsinvolved in the story appear undor fletitious namos,—Fredorike her- solf wearing that of Alide,—~but they are, in every olroumstanco, faithful to thelr true char- actors, Miss Laznrus has made a careful atudy of Goetho, and galued from it a nlee conception of the man and the poot, Iler piotura of Frod- orika Iy noble and boautiful; idealized, no doubt, and yet none the less corroct, The story, undor her troatment, 18 very touching, combining the cliarms of tiufh and flotion, 1t will give as good &0 {doa of the man Goothe as could bo darived from all ho Lus done, ox all thnt hos beon snid about him, A Eluun of sophistry which sho puts into hia mouth, during” a disoussion of ¢ Hamlot" is atrikingly characteriatio, Indefousoof iamlot's treatment of Ophclis, he asys My opinion iu that L sincerely loved her—befora tho opouing of tho play, Bho was thy nwestheart of hils boyliood, the compuulon of lfs hours of rocrostion, Ihit, froi the motiont that his capacities ure disclosed toblm by tho revelation from snothur world, ho fs bound DLy the highest duty of man—thut which he owes tmself—to discard evorything that can warp or imunedo tho dovslopmont of his own natur d the Jubdlaezatof the saeaiile: to whick by of tho twellth contury, and not a oritio and Pro- feesor in the ninetesuth contury. We are nfraid that many who confess the Orthodox creed with moro nssurance and_thoroughness—for ho isa herotic on somo fundamental articles of Calvin- ism—will rofusg to como up to his platform of the homngo of the stars of Heavon and tho wis- dom of men in all tho world to the Curist-Gad, —to como to the faith that orention and redemp- tion are in n sonso idontical, and tho laww of astronomy take part in tho great plan of walva- tion. To thoso whose vision is moro oarthly, the chapter in this book on ‘“‘Astronomie Doubt a8 to Olristianity,” remarkable ns it is for its boauty and dopth of meditation, will scom nl- most paivo In its uso of tho poctio imagery of the Penlmist and Prophet. Tho Ratlonnlists may complain that, in this volumo, n very slight fragmont of legend is ‘mado to support a vory I”fio plen and Inforence ; that tho stracture is quito too heavy for the foundation. But, to tho author, the oak which growa to such o noble tree 1 all [n the acorn of which he secs the planting, Io is amazod at the wonlth of menuing, tho fullness of revela- tion, that thoro ia in theso Divino words, which are scarcely hints to a mind less dovout. No visfon of any seor can bo to him so grand as that which brought to tho Moabite rovilor tuo star of the great Redomption. No journoy ever mado on land or gea can be so hizh in adventure as tho journay of the Poralnn Magi to bring their offerings to tho Babo of Hothlehem, ohief of all tho Kings. Tlo is lost in gratitude and wondor when he muses on the s 6ucs of tho strange prophecles, of theso londings of tno heathon to Ohrlst, They toll him of the triumph of the Cross and the glory of the Gospel, how all knowlodgo and’ all physical phenomona conspiro to bring in the Lord's King- dom, and to exalt tho Holy Names, A ‘book like this, In our o:itical, doubting timo, whon Orthodoxy i# 60 wavoring, aud so® many hardly know what they boliovo or whore thoy stand,—a book o swoot, foryont, rapt in Ity vinfon of hoavenly things, wiiich s so doop and #O high'in its thought,—la dolight and refrosh- mont, It is origlual onough, In its proposition and its conolusion, even by ila title-pago, to bo olnssed with tho hooks of sousation, Bus it bo- longs, in ronlity, to o very difforent claas,—to the olass of which only olect souls soo'all tho moan- |. ing aud truth, and which toach continuslly e thelr musioal sontouncos linger {n the memory, —_— Alexnndrowna’s Clothes, The Duchess of Edinlurgh, it appenrs, .of- foudod English taste in hor wedding troussean, whioh includod garmentaof too i:lnrlug colors to suit English idons of dresa It {3 1o ncerot,” sayd & London nowspapor wriler, © that somg of the lenders of tha fashionable world prononncod the dressos of the Russlan Princosy *vulgar,' snd shio 18 now apzanring in (ho mare sobex gnd clinsto colora,” | A truo, irl," dofondant confoased FAMILIAR TALK. i i ToH0R £ T on aond 1 Honety wolea hia honrt to entall tho pain and troublowpon lior which ho know hia fickloness must ; but sho did not * tako & sufficiontly lively interost in oriolt= ot." What womanly and wifoly virtues could atone for thin, in a reasonablo man'a mind ? Tho jury of twyolvo implacably-sonalbls Britons roturnod & vordiot agninat the dofondant of £2,000, and hio is at liborty now to soaroh among the maldons of England for n wife who will sat- infy Lila fastidious notions by taklng “'a sufle fontly livoly intorost Iu orioket.” BOCIAL FESTIVITIER, Rumors from the polite world in the motropol- itan clties on both sides tho Atlantic attest that social fostivitios are unusually briiliant, and ovon oxtravagant, ainco the fasting and humilis- tion of Lont are gono by, At Washington, s benutiful widow from Flortda, and the beautiful widow, Mra, Moulton,—of musical fame,—are dividing dovotoon snd attontions botwoen thom, Tho former, a Mre, Bailoy, i desoribod as young, aud posscesing tho doublo charme of mannor and porson, Bho is a blondo, with falr hair, daz- 2ling complexion, oxquisitoly-molded arms and shouldors, and eyobrows that are enough to drive a lover to distraction, or to {nditing pootry OMINA-MANIA, . England is sufforing from a severe spsm of china-manin, Compnrod with it tho hibllo- minuis and thotulip-mania of Holland wero mild plinsos of fnaanity, A fow wooks ngo, s palr of Bovres ohing vases 1134 Inchos high,sud of raro though not elogant form, woro sold for £0,860, or mnearly 840,000 Tho purchaser was Farl Dudloy, the groat conl and iron_ownor, How }lm'n hig frionds allow tho lunatio to romain at arge, $ onprng. In & Inte paper in Blackwood's Magazine, whioh discuescs * Dacorations,"—that s, tho atars, crossos, and ribbons bestowed by Royalty upon distinguished parsonages,—tho writor ataton that thoro aro. now sbout 120 orders in oxistonce. Bomo of theso are quite modorn, whilo olhers have como down from the days of Obivalry ; o portion of them are exclusivo, and othors ombraco n respeotablo population. Only thirloon ordors are conforred upon women, In Franco, 8,000 nativen hold foreign crousos, whilo tho Legion of Honor s posscssed bE 4,000 strangors. About 65,000 gentlomen In Europo iy, ‘foerations of ono ordor or au- | _which meang tho sumo thing. Mrs, Moulton, countty, thora was an attompt mado | Who has all tho requisitos of stylo, dress, and to establish a military ordor,"nndor tho titlo of “Tho Boclety of tho Cincinoath” Gon. Knox was tho foundor, and Washiogton was & mem- "bor; but Adams and Jefforson wore veliomeutly opposad to it, foaring, with othora, that it would evontuata in military nristooracy, It still has o feoblo oxintenco, but tho most” grateful sorvico it hos oyor pocformed was giving a uviquo and mmhounnun namo to tho gront Porkopolis of 0. accomplishments, to heighton hor personal at- tractlons, i roprosonted as holdlug a bovy of for- oign a8 woll as homae dignitarles spoll- bound. Thia pair of ologant womon suffien for the presant to keop the oxcitemant of socialcir- cloa In Washington at a doliclous point of intox- {eatlon. At Paris, wo rond of a auccossion of dlnners and parties smong Amorican residonts. Gon. Calob Cushing, tho now Miuislor from our Gov- ernmont to Madrid, has been rocently onter- tnined by tho Firat Beoretary of tho American Embassy nt Paris,Ool. Hoffma, and by Mrn, Hoff- man, at their realdonce in the Avenue d'Eylau, whoro a large party of Americans wero invited to moot him at dinner. 1o has also latelv dined with Gon. and Mra, Bickles, and a similar YM“ of his countrymon, at the Hotel du Palais, in thelCoura-la-Roine, overlooking the Seino. Gen. and Mra, Biokles wore thomselves entortainod tho Fmvloun dny at dinner by Mr. James Phalon, at his splendid mansion in the Avenue du Roi do Rome, where ex-Gov, Hoffmsn and lady, of Now York, and a large party joined thom, 0 Comto and Comtosse do Paris have also recently OPTUM-EATING, 3 The Custom-House roturns asnounce tho ominous fact that the import of opium into tho Unitod Btatos hns incronsed ten-fold in tho lnst thirty yoars. It now amounts to 250,000 pounds annuaily. The tostimony of druggists and phy- sicians indicatos that’ only ono-third of this quantity i8 roquired for modicinal purposos, tho romaindor boing consumod by thoso in tho habit of using tho drug ns & stimulant. Tho practico of oplum-enting is, according to those statistics, rapidly incroasing in our country, It provalls among tho higher and bottor-cducatad classes rathor than asmong, tho poor and ignor- | recoived Gen.and Mrs. Sicklos at a dejounor-a- e T s n bt gontool vico than | Ia-fourchotte at mid-day. tho ordinary form of _intomporance, and In Floronco, tho social gayoticsof tho season reached thoir climax a short time ago in a fash- lonable rout that prorented particulerly wild and novel fonturcs. The loadors of @oolotv— among whom woro the Duchess Talloyrand- Porigord ; the Countcss Lardorol, daughtor of the Duchess Salviati, of Romo; and a mocond Countoss Lardarol, sister-in-law to tho firat, and wifo of the King's illegitimate son, Mirafiore— porformod a play in a small theatrs, which thoy rontod for tho occasion nnd Blled with thoir frionds, At the closo of the play, tho ontire varty drove in their stage-costumes, wigs, and paint, in a onvaleado of ufilondld carrlages, illu- minated with Bongal lights. to tho Cnscins, or public park, whore they woro served with n sumntnous supper. When ihis wos over they all engaged in & merry gamo of Cacha-cache— or Hide-and-sook—in the woods of the park. Daylight found thom still rollicking among tho dowy thickets of tho Cayciua, and it muet have Jooked upon & disordered and disheveled com- pany of rovelera, ——— 5 HOW PERSIMMONS 100K CAH 0B CE BABY. Perstmmon wan n colorod Iad, "Way down in Lou'sfanny, And all the teaching that ho had Waa given him by hia granny, But lio did his duty over As wall aa sou, it may ba ; With fafthfulness and prido'stwaye, 1o mindoed missus’ bby, Holoved the connscla of thv aaints, And somotimos 1080 of pinnara, To run off *possum-hunting and 804l water-millon * dinncrs, A fervontly at meatiu’, too, 0On evory Sundny nigl', He'd with tho clders shout aud rrsy, By the pine-knots’ flaring ligLt, And sing their rudest melodies, With voice so full and stron, You could almost think bie Joars ed them From tho angol's triumph-sor g, therefore moro Insidions. Womon are especially tempted toat, and, next to them, mon whoso brains are ovortaxed, Evon sludonts at our collages aro loarning tho subtlo, refined delight of ity intoxication, It tomporarlly tones the nerves, Lindlos tho fucultics, and croates an otborenl oxcitemont that, once experionced, sogms thorenftor irresistibly ontlcing. In viow of the gravo evil threatonod by the incronso of opium-oating amonp us, it {s a ques- tion it it bo not warth while for reformers look- ing ahoit for & flold of action to ongege in a crusade ngainst the poppy. . MODERN ORIVALAY. The Crown Prince of Prussia has recently nc- quired considerable colat by an unstualed, yot offctivo, assnmption of tho rolo of Sir Waltor Raleigh in tho famous clenk-scene with Queon Elizaboth. It scoms that ho and his little wifv, the English Princess, were unduly late in their arrival nt tho gala-diuner given to the King and Queon of Baxony during thoir recont viait to tho Prussian Court, aud, through soms misundor- standing, tho earpat lerding.from the carriage- way to tho castlo-door had beon romoved by the servants. It was a wot, dieagreoabla dav, the pavement was sloppy, and tho little Princens was in full dress, with voluminous train, and tect shod in slippera, With an impulse of chivalry worthy of the sixtcouth contury, tho Princo throw off hin wrap, aud epread it on tho walk for the Quoou—no, the Prin- cesa—to tread upon. 8he, poor littla practi- cal body, spoiled the postey of tho incidont by Dbase-born inatinct of economy, and ontroaiod the Princo nat to profane his garment by con- tact with tho mire and convorsion.into a carpet. But thoe brave Princo was truo to the demands of tho situation, and gallantly conducted his wifo in snfoty over the bridee hoe hnd Improvised. Ttisn protty littlo incident, and o grent fm- provement upon tho original. The afair of Sir Whaiter has boon cited ns tho most ox- uisite oxample of chivalry inall history. But gm rhrewd courtier Jaid down his cloak at the foot of an imperions Queen, who taught hor at- tondnnts that flatfering aud_servila attentions wore the price of hor gracions emiles. Tho Orown-Prince sprend his wrap before his wifo from a genuine motive of respect nrd affection, How.much moro proud rhe had a right to o, in walking over it, than Elizaboth had, who trod tho samo sort of tapestry three conturios sgo. A QUESTION OF ETIQUETTE. The etiquotto of Washington socloty is vory much puzzled to know how to treat its various otticials and dignitaries of tho present and the past. Its fooble wit is utterly incompetent to deoide just what, and just how much, attention to necord to each; and, foarful of committing that most horrifying orror to a snob, granting a jot of honor beyond that which in due, It ofton grossly ueglects those simple, unaffected, kindiy socinl dutics which a grain of common sonse n g e nlu, P Tho wiives sty our . would dictate. Aw an oxamplo, tho w!(lnlv n!~ux- by o l:‘wrl“::‘m;‘h l;len:mlnl:‘ 0mb, Proaldent Tylor has beou sojanrning in tho city. iy i o yirtrs seur, Stio properly called gt thie White-Tiouse to pav floating chairs and tahles her Pennpechsy to President and Mrs, Grant, and 'rm'“ll'fi'.l n},:l}!nlst the ch.ax‘mo.hn. wan invitud to the next atate-dinuer. whero uhe ot PN et e was glvon tho pinco of honor. Frther than Ty Ieene o b ook thin, little official civility Lus been shown the Tried up tho vorandal roof ; distinguirhed Indy. Bouud mattrenses upon it Benutors' wives and othors, althonzh longing With stoutcat cords of rope, to know Mrs. ‘Pyler, stard upon their dignitv, L"glv'}wl,'f;r lumll(rlau Tlal:rc'u! and demand the first call from her. She, equatly yiaging, " Honoy, dur 1o hope; punctilious, dectines to mske the initial ad- Poonca Jeftore D vances, and thuyall rob themeolvos of a plensure Perslinmons, Honty Olay, be to gratity a prido of position that in most ridicu- Qnuick ou dat raft, : loun in the citizens of a Repullican nation, Don't atur’ ke a calf, . Mra, Tylor in atill bunuhih{l 4|md hrli|lllnn=:, But take good cals ob baby 1" dltbough grandmathor to a littlo 4-yonr-nld girl, Bl ted tho oufy child of Lor oldast daughtor, who was D e river ifled (hom married aud died within a twelvemonth, Sho Aud for a while they floated on hna five children atill living, Hor sccond eon, n Togetler, sldo Ly sido ; hundsomo and accomplished yonng man, after il brokes: by tio surreit strong, oight vears' achooling in Germany (fonr months i o frall o lbannpt tn o of which ho passed i tho army a8 an Uhlan), ia art hatmgns bon 1 granny 2 now & civil engineor on the Pacific Railrnad. " Hinco the death :lf Mr. ’l‘ylt:r, ’Mn wlt}n\v has Tl;i: fifi“;:nlcll‘:;g;:;;a‘l:}fln:e boon porplexed by long and bitter law-anits over eard, uste, the ppupgrw Willad to ot by her mother, and Akl Yoles singlng 1 the dark; the pogsossion of hor husband's estato on tho R ok A Jamoa River, which tho childien of his firat wite OF Hronet and tho Eord ™ ondenvored to tnke from her. Uoth suits hava born decided in her favor, and Sherwood Forest —the place where sho passcd tho happy years of And throwing outa coll uf rope, They drew Lim safe on hoard, + her marriuge—will bo her future home. MATRINONY AND ORIURET. Full many a stranger city, Pervimmona wandered through, " ?flwl:lml'(“u der:nlfty." x’md An action for lronch of promiso was tried in Slugtig sonn ke lnan, London, last month, which, in tho pracess of do- A bimten o bin vlan§ volopment, rovanled a quaint and curious foature. Agf‘l'!‘:l"llln't ‘1’.‘15',‘3.’," Tho plaintiT—s young lady of 21 yoars of ago— Thioy carrled out thele Purpones, is tho daughter of a Mr. John Anderaon Mathio- Perasimmona “ lowod Lie'd spilo 'om," son, & morchant of Glasgow, and tho defondant 85 aptao ey (be dhatian-Sause; Is a couon—\lrolmr.d in buainoss in Livorpoal, Ao U vy e, Tho plaintiff and dofondant firat met at the An it wus growing durk, houso of a common friend, last June, and, being "‘i.’,‘";"&ae,"}l,’,’,"c'i"‘,“ {,’::.’{"'"“ in mutually atiracted, wero botrothed, with the A{‘;;u‘efi'mr’:-mlemnua:;hem, consent of tho young lady's parents, at the ond W l;‘nn ):;n ":.;‘;“5. ‘.n"“?; nth . of afornight, Tho marriago was arranged to i fyoy s raait tako place the following Octobor, and, the do- g fondaut baving returned to Liverpool, & cor- respondence of sn affectionato character, was ostablished betwoon the lovers. Letters wore oxchanged with regular frequoncy, and no chango in the tendernoss of their tono was ap- purent up to Aug. 81 At that date, the dofendant addressed o lotter to Mr, DMathioson, whorein he stated thabt lis foolings toward the plaintill had experionced n chango; thot he no longor loved bor as he did at fiest ; .and, struggle as ho would against the tonderioy, his affcotion for hor stoadily declinod, Ho frankly.solicited the ndvico of Mr, Mathic- non a8 to whethor, undor the ciroumstancos, it would bo right or wise for him to_conoludo his ongagemont and marry the young Indy, r. Mathleson rosponded by tolograph, ro- quosting sn intorviow. A niceling was im- modiatoly held, at which the following con- vorgation . took place, Mr, Mathicson being tho interlooutor: * Iave you evor eald any- thing to Mary of o chango In your feolings toward her?”’ **No." Iay thero boon any- tbing in her lotters to indicato a chanugo of fool- ing on her part?" **No.” ¢ Has anylhing boou un?d or dono by Mary to warians any changa in your faolings toward hor 7" *'No,"" " Hay any vumor, report, or letter, beon rocoived by auy of your frionds, or anything hoon said or dono h{y ary, orlonlated to offen *'No,”" ¢ Has any gaauiplnF story-reaohed you offectlug Mary " *Nothing of tho kind," “Ilave yon made any olher m)glfiemunt, or got : 800, W be nearor tods Lord Dan do whito foiks, and doy knowa 14., Son de glory gate unbarred— Walk in, darkoys, past do guard— Bet you dollar he won't clone it. “ Walk in, dsrkeys, troo do gat, Uear do kullerid angels ho @5 'way, white folke, We's do winnin’ kul® ‘Tl de trumpet blow to foller.® He would crann (15 ovor softly An Lio lny ont fo the sun ; But the sung be hoard most often— i uiy's favorite oue— o Woshinglon, a8 JofTarson, Persimmnns, loury Olay, be Quick, shut du' do’, det up off’ dwt flodr, Come beals kud mind de baby." ©Ona night there cne a fearful storin, Aliost a second flood 3 Tho river rose, a torrent swol'n Of beaten, yollow mud ; Tt bit ut its embankmonts Aud Lapped thont down In foxin, Tl surghug through a wida ¢ you're too late, #ONG, “Moses amote do water, and Do sen gabo nway ; Do chfldren dey pasaed ober, tor De nea gabo awuy, 0, Lord! 1 feel so glad, It um alway durk "o Ho, loney, Do sealll don't yer be 2ad, alb way," Alady, dreased in mourning, “Turnied with n sudden start, @avo one glanca At the baby, “Thiou caught {t to her huart; Whilo n ubstantinl shutow,” “That was walkiug by her side, Sofzed Torslunmonn by the showler,” Aud, while aho shudk bin, crled; © YouJawgoe Washington, Thowny Jefferson, Lersimmons, Houry Clay, be Quleiy il yurest o Stap dat ar fool nmilo— Whar you doue beon wid bany 27 —&t, Nicholas for May, ——— A Spitzborgen ¢ Cold Snap”, Baya a writer; ‘' No doucription can glve an adequate idon of tho iutonse rigor of tho six months' wintor in Bpitzborgon, Btones crack with tho nolse of thundor; in a orowded hut the breath of the ocoupants will fall in flakes of. anow; wine and spirits turn to dco; the enow burna like caustio ; if Iron touches the ekin it brings the flash away with it ; the soles of stook- ings may bo birue fuol the I“F].\(Bl!h warmth .from the fire; linen you or yours?" lnto nu{ ontangloment 7" ¢ No,' “What is | taken out of boiling water iustantly stiffons to there_{o lmwnul. your fulfilling Jonr,eu age- | the conslstonocy of & woodon board; and heated ment?" * W'W'hore s ono thing, and that is, I | atones will not provent the ehoets of the Lod from freozing, If thoso aro the effoots of n climate within an alr-tight, fire-warmed, orowd- od hut, what must thoy ho among tho dark, storm-Iaeliod mountalu voaks: utside 7" lvo dlncnvlor g that shp, dpos not take a sufll- clontly livel rloket. It wan an I, gpicket that did the W8} Mouch 7 4 Mgy was busluess ; au SPARKS OF SCIENCE. CABTOR OIL, Although, with tho fnvontion and dlacovery of madicinon answoring the ssmo purpose, but loas disagroonblo to swallow, castor-oll haa boon almost banished from the materia-modica, in- stances atll ocour whoro it 48 still prosoribod. Tor tho benofit of the viotima of the oxceptional cnuos, it 1y statod that 1f tho oll bo mixed with glycoriuo, and a fow drops of oil of cinnamon bo nlxl'l}l)d, its tasto whil bo disgulsod boyond recog~ uition. FONGI IN OEYLON, i Acoording to the * Journal of the Linnman So- olety,” 1,190 specles of fungi are found in tho Island of Coylon, and little differenco is noted in their hablt of growth from the mon-lovel to & hoight of 5,000 feot. Above this point thoy gtadually lesaon in abundance; and; boyond an oleyation of 7,000 feot, speelnena rarely ocour, Ot the wholo numbeor, 820are peouliar to Coylon; 191 aro common to Europot’49 aro found in tno ‘Waat Indies or Southorn United Statos; aud the romainder aro widely disporsod. ADIa ROCK, Ahuge monolith of conglomerate, 1,100 foot highand 8 or 7 miles in circumforenco at. its bnso, has beon discovored by Mr, Gasse and his Imty of explorora in Wostern Australla, An in- eresting foaturo of tho discovery is a running stroam of wator which takos its riso In & spring situated in the contro of tho rook. A MARTINIQUAN BNAKE, The {sland of Martiyiquo does not prosent an alluring prospect to the gardoner, or to those fond of walks and rotreats in aool, shady places. Thero is o apecios of venomous snake abounding thore, called the Iron-Lanoo, which hns apen- chant for pro-ompting all inviting nooks and rosting spots under tho trecs and in tho grass, and which rosonts, with the inolslon of its fangs any intrusion upon its golitude, As an averago, about 800 peraons are bitten by this tosty little ropiilo annually. Of theso, sixty or sevonty casod provo fatal, and maty others rosult in norvous disensos which ono would carcelychoose In proforence to death. EMERY. A rlch deposit of Emery is roported to have beon discoverod in the northorn portion of Pettis County, Mo. Emoryls known to mechan- Ics, who uso it in‘polishing motals, grinding clngs, and other such purposes; snd to tho Indies, for whom it is put up in lttlo baga of varlous ehape and eloganco, through whioh they thrust their noedles to keop thom sharp,—ass fine, hard, dark-colored sand. But it i# not thus found in its nativo etato, It ocours origiually as aminoral, and gencrally in mnsses soattered through aqueoas rocks. It is o varioty of Corun- dum, and ia iuferior in hardness only to the diamond, It is found in soveral parts of Europe, in Asin Minor, in Greenland, etoe. The Emory of commaorcs is chiefly obtainod from tho Teland of Naxos, in the Eginn Sen, It is prepared for use by first broaking into lumps about the alzo of n hion's oge, then crushing thane to powdor by stampors, The powdor is aftorward siftod to various dogreos of fincnoss, WASP Y8. BIIDER, TIn last month's Science-Gossip an interoating story is told of a fatal combat between s wasp and a spider. The writer says : * That spidora are most afraid of wasps, I infer from a clroum- stanco I witnessed many yenrs ago. A wasp be- camo ontangled in the wob of a spider, located in the uppor corner of a window, when the spi- der rushed out to securo his proy, and o battle of somo.minutos' duration ocourred, ending in & dear-bought victory for tho spidor, the wasp falling dead on the floor, and tho spider dymg a fow minutes aftorwards,” GLASS-OLOTH. Reoent improvemeuts in glass-spinning, in Germany, bave resulted in the’ production of threads as fine as the fibro of a cocoon, and as soft aud elastic as silk. On account of the ex- ceeding skiil roquired in manufacturing such gossamor-like filamonts, and the strain which tho work imposes mpon tho oyos, tho articles manufacturad from this delicato material aro as {uc clnssed a8 curlositios, On being foltad, his now glnss fabric forma excollent material for chomical fllters, It isaleo adapted to fig- ures for brocades, ete., to furniture-covors, cur- tains, onrpots, and laces, and can bo used in knitting and embroidery. Althoughsoft a silk, tho fabric hns the feol of woolen, but is much warmor, and, withal, extromoly light. BPONGES, Vice-Consul Dilliotti, in his commeroial report on Rhodes, has givon somo interosting informa- tion rospecting the sponge-fishery, which Is the principal industry of the Islands of Sporodes, The yoarly average orop is estimated at £120,000, of which £50,000 is sont to England, France used to tako a large portion of the product; but, sinco tho Iast war, Austria, Germany, Italy, and oapecially Great Britaln, Liave been the principal consumers, Thero is a depreciation in tho valuo of sponges, owing to the large stock now on liznd in Europo, aud tho increased facilities for gatbering the crop sinco the introduc- tion of the diving apparatns, Theee causes, togother with additional taxes lmanad on the, fisherice, will gradually restiob tho industry, nand compel the divers to scok some more re- munorative and less parilous work, | All néwngou now sent to Lingland coutain nbdut 8§ or 10 pounds of eand to 1 pound of sponge. Expo- rienco has shown that it is more profitable to purchaso tho sponges just as thoy are fished ; and, in order, to insure this, agents aro sent to Rhodes, the contro of the commerce, to procurs thom from tho divors. Sponges thus bought at first haud can bo relied upon as not being woighted with sand, FORMIDADLE INAEGTH. Among the Diptera, or two-winged flles, there is a gonus named @slrus, which comprisonthose formidablo insoots, the Gad, Bot-Fly, or Breozo, that are tha terror of the hosse, the sheep, and tho ox, and also several spacies inbabiting trop- icol countries, which aro equally oruol in thelr ateacks upon the humen boing. It is not their bizo that makes theso inaects the dreaded foe of man and boast, It is their parasitioal habit, that lendn them to deposit their eggs on the halr or wool of tho boast and on the flesh of man, un- dor conditions whick insuro the larvm, after they are bntched, a support at the oxpenss of the vic- tim on which tuoy hnve fastencd thomsalvos, Tho Gad-Fly (Eatrus Equi) is the partioular enomy of tho horso, tormenting the animal during the montha of July and Auguat. When ready to deposit itaeggs, the fly poiues itsclf for afew seconds above its victim, swoops down upon the shoulders or knees,—choosing with wondorful inatinct just those parts of tho body which can be easlest touched with the tongne,— and aflixes ita eggs, Aomotimes to the number of 400 or 500, by & glutinons substance, to tho hairs, Inabout twonty days aftor the egga are deponited, the young larvm aro hatched, Itis in this state that, whon licking itsolf, the inscots uro oarriad into tho mouth of the horso, and af- torwards swallowed with its food and convoyed to the stomnch. It ia horo that they worlk their miscnef. Thoy faston themaelves to the inner coat of tho stomuch, by means of two Looks at- tached to the head, Here thoy remain, uubnistin, upon the muouy ‘moia- toning the mambrane lining the stomach, until they aro conmletoly devoloped, Thoy then reloaso thelr hold upon tho membrane, and allow themarlves to e’ carried out of tho stomach, along the alimentary canal, and passcd from tho body with thie excromontitions mattor. Reachmng the ground, thoy scelt & suitable place to go through thelr remalning metamorphoses, and, until filuy reappoar in their porfeot stato anothor sension, tronble tho horao no further, “Tho Bot-Fly (alrus Bovis) is the post of the bovina geniug, It perforates tho skin of tho young anima), and lodges its egga botwaen that and the flosh. A tumor immediately swolly, within which the Jarva ; on being hatched, ro- mains nnd foeds until it s roady to enter,'the chyysalis stato, when it enlargoea the opening through which It outorod as an egg, and drops out to the ground, Tho Brooze-Fly (@strua Ovis) laya its eggs— or, a8 Mr, Riloy, of Missouri, thinke, the per- factly-formod Iarvm—in the nostrils of “the sheop, whore thoy live during the months of Aprll: May, and June, in the frontal sinus. When full-grown, the larvio fall to the fimuud. bury themiselvos to tho dopth of sevoral inohos, and omerge during the summor in the perfoot form, A apecios of Csirus common to the contra) regions of Bouth Amerioa fixes on tho flesh of man as tho bresdivg-place for its larvm, Mr, Dates, the noted naturalist, who spont years ex- lnrlui the Amnzons, hind occasion to observe ts habits. Ho writoa: “I oxtractod five at off ‘your foot before you | difteront timos from my own flesh, The first wan fixod in the onlf of m{)la , oausing . there a suppurating tumor, whiol &ulufi unaware of tho existonce of this Gfatrus) I thought at first to be & common bail, The {umor grew and the ain increased uniil I becamo quite lame, and len. on earefully examining the supposed boil, Tenw (he bead of the grub moviug {n emall Lolp in its apox. The extraction of the auiual a8 a difioult operation, it bolne an ineh | in lnnfm, and of incronslng broadth from Imm‘; to tall, bealdos bolng eocured to the flewh of the innide of tho tumor by two horny hooks, An old Indian of Egn showad mo the most offective way of procoodiilg, which was to stn fy tho grub with strong’ tobncoo-julco, oausing it to rolax s grip du thio lntorlor, nnd then pull it ont ?l tho narrow orifico of tho tumor by moin orco. ! Aloxander Von Humboldt had alrondy pub- lished an account of & fly with similar habits,. which Lo named @Zstrus Hominds, Acoording to his obsorvations, the Intvn of the insoct aro not rate on tho arms, back, and abdomon of tho notives, within Inrgo tumors, at the top of of which is a minuto orifice, through which the grub communicatos with tho outor air. At a fitting porfod, the larva forces its wny through this holo, falls to tho earth, nud thore undergoes its flual changoa, TALLOW-TLERS, * In his lato work, *Tho Martyrdom of Man," Mr, Winwood Reade montions the growth of the Bhoa-Butter, or Tallow-Treo (Penladesma Bulyracaea) in natural plantations along the shoros of tho Nigor, in Bicrra Leone aud Sou- dany and says thiat It abounds in such numbers that, whon the country is opon to commerco, it will prove an enormous sourco of wealth, To tho groat buttor-consuming publio the idos that this easontial commodity can bo prooured from any othor sourco than tho cow and the churn, is a new ono. But tho natives of Westorn and Cen tral Afelea gathor their battor from treo, roady mado for uso or for the. mosket. I( fs oblained from . the fruit, which on outting, oxudes =& yellow, pgrensy liquid, that immodiatoly aongoals, forming & eort of buttor that is appotizing—at least to the frionns. It ja said that the Kings of Dahomoy, foaring that the valuo of this product as an ar ticlo of export will make tho Tallow-Troe the means of bringing tho Innd into rolations with mors olvilized " countries, have orderod it to be extorminated. 1t is thorofore annuslly burned by Royal decroe ; but, dofying the dosigns of nav. age sovorolgns, It avnually springs up again. ‘Thero aro other spocies of Tallow-Troo besidet the ono which grows on tho banks of the Nigor, On tho Malabar coast of India, thoro flourishos & mojestlo troo (Vateria Indica), of towering helghtand symmotrical form, whiu‘.\nnmfln to the wind honvy lonthory loaves, from 4 to 10 foot i longth, lilko 50 many huge smerald bannora ; and shoot up into the sunshine large, showy panioles of white, Im{‘nnt flowers, This isthe Tallow~ Troo of Malabar, a membor of the order Diplera Carpacee, Its stem holds reservoira of & resine ous fluid, which, whon dricd, is called by commorce East India copal; and its soeds are ‘rich in olly julces, which, on oxtractlon, solidify into 'a firm, white tallow. Both this, and the resln from the stem, mako oxcollent candlos, which give n olear, hnfi‘ht light, with little smoko,—consuming tha wick 8o aanot “to roquire shufling, and diffus< ing an agreeable perfume in buraing. BSpeci« mens of thesa candlos have beon sonk to Ene land, whero thoy wero greatly prized and rought high prices ; buk tho oxcossive duty upe on them Pmnludud thsir regular 1mportation. Theto {a also o Tallow-Treo native to Ohina and rome other tropical countrics. It is the Slitlingia Schifera, and bolongs to the natural order Euphorbiacem, Tho copsnles, or fruit pods, of this trao aro throe-celled ; sud in each coll lics a singlo round sced, envoloped in pure white tallow. ~ Tho Chinose crush and boil thoas capsules with their contonts, and skim off the fat which risos, whilo it is in a molted_stato, ‘Wax is put with it, In the proportion of thros parta to ten of tho tallow, and a littlo linssoed oil 18 added ; and then it is manufactured into can- dles, which aro of exquisite uality and color, “Tho Btillingia has boon introduced into the United Btatos, and is enltivated about Oharlos. ton and Bavannoh, whilo it has become almost nsturalized on the coastof Caroliva. It fs a great ornament to the landacapoon the ape Erongh of winter. Its loaves thon turn to & rillisnt rod, and the capsules, dropping away, oxpose tho white seods, which remain suspender to_tho stoms by fibrous threads. There igjstill another Tallow-Tras, which s in« digonous to the United States. It grows iy Counecticut and along tha soa-shore acuthsard. Itis commonly called the Candloborry or Waz« berry (Myrica Cerifera). it is » smail tres, oy slrab, bearing evergroon leaves, and drupes, 0¥ berrics, ahout the sizo of pepporcorne, which, whon ripo, aro covered with a greenish-whita wax. This is colleoted by boiling the berries ond skimming it off. Itls aftorwards melted and refined. Four or five gounda of this tallow is obtainod from a bushel of borries. 1t makes an excollont soap, but is used chiefly for candles, which burn slowly, with little smoke, aud emit an ngroeable balsamic odor, but give an inferior light. Another spoeoies of the Ayrica, the Cordifolia, whose borrics yicid a wax which 18 manufactur- ed igto candlos, ie found at the Cape of Good Hope. Ity callad tho Wax-Shrub, * THE LAST SONG OF’APDLLO. YAl at onco there approached, panting, a puls Jow, with blood-drops on Lia brow, & thoraeronn on pts hoad, and a Liuigo cross on his shonlders ; and ho cast tho cross on tho banquel-table of the gods, 8o that tho golden cups_trombled, and tho guds graw dumb snd llfll!. and even paler, till they fAnally ngl.nulvod o4 uto mist, " Lcine's Reisebilder, OLyrel OLyrol Btrung with calestinl fire | Thou liviug soul of sound that xnawerath ‘These fiugora that have troubled thee o lony With passion, and with beauty, and with broa Of melancholy song— Answer, anawer, anawor ms, With thy mournfcl melody | For the earth in old, and strange AMyateries ara worklng chiangs, And the Doad who slumber'd dssp B:artle sobbing in thelr sleep, . And tho ancient gods divine, Waon and weary o'er their wine, Fado in thelr xhn!ll{ banyuet-halls, with large eyes tixed on mine Amel shme! The eorth and afr and ses Aro shiakon : and tho great palo gods sit atill, e roseaio mists sround thom roll away ; Lol Hebo falters in tho act to All, And groweth wau and gray ; On the banquet-(able apread, Fruita and fowers grow black and dead § Nectar cold in every oup Gléams o blood and withera up§ Apbrodite breathes o clirm Gripplng Pallas' bronzed a Zous the fullier clenchn tosthy Whllo his cloud-throus shukes bensath § Tho passion-flower {n Mierw's lisis melta n 8 soawy wreal Ab, woo | ab, woe | Oné olimbetll from Lelow— A mortul shapo with pallid swile doth rire, Dearlug u Leavy Croes und cxowu'd witl thorn His Lrow 1n molst with blood, his stranga awset cyea Luok pitaous and forlorn ¢ Hurk | ob hark | bia cold font.fall irenks upon the banquot-hall | God and goddess etart to hivr, Earth, air, ocean, moun in four; Buadows of the Cross und Uim Make the hunquet-tuble dim ; Bilent st the guds diviue, Old and haggard over winy And slowly to my soug thoy fade, oumine v OLyral OLyrel . g o Ry o + Fado lo thelr fading, and the Land fa ot Tiiat touchis Lisa} tho ouce alsd brow grows fray— * T fniht, T wither, whilo that conclavo siil Dies'woarily away | Ab, the propliecy of old Bung by Pan fo icoffera cold ! God and goddess droop and dle, Olitlly cold"agufunt the uky Thord ts cliango and all i1 done, Btrango look Moon and Blars and Sun | God oud goidess (306, and aou | All thoir farga oyes lou White woe 1 ali, woo! dn dylug soug, I fade, Ifude, with thee | ~—Robert Buchanan, —_— y A Rolice oablnot-meker in Troy is coustruoting m lldA 's_seorotary, which is intoreating from the. materlal of whiol It is componed, “The Wiig thus doscribes it: *“The pnualing and ornae moninl portions ave of onk frem tho Lawrencs, Commadoro F'erty's flag-ship in tho memorable ongagomont on Like Erie, Scpt. 13, 1813, The oal wag secured by Mr., G, P, Chaoman, of this olty, undor whose ordar tho scorotary is belvg mado, The Lasreuco bore the bruntof tha battla until sho bocame so riddled with shot that she wae almost roady to siuk, Whila tho Lawe ronco was receiving tho concentrated firo of the encmy, tho Niagara, a ship of Leavy armament, wog practieally out of the ongagomont, Come modors Porry loft the Lawreuce 1n au open boat in tho midst of tho engagomont, and went on board the Niagara, That Vounol was thon brought into sction and tho battlo wom, Riddled with shot and almost wholly dleablad, the Lawroncs was taken into the port of Erie, Pa. Tho vosssl was eubsequently sunk while ‘at aunchor, Bhe was 8old at auction and raiscd, but was ailowed to sink again, Not lougago Mr, Chapman was flshing over tho wreos, aund observed chrough tho oloar water & I)lnce of planking nearly gn- tachod, By slallful Iabior with lines the ploca wap seourod. The oak Is dark fiom the action of the water on tho vegotablo oil, but is por- foolly sound. Mr, Chapman bas placed on one of tho panols, in_letters of onk, tho memorablc 0, with large oyes fized words of Jamos Lawrence, wheu he was'd lug on the bloody deck of the Oligpanoake, ‘#ybn . giveup thniu' "