Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 2, 1874, Page 4

feotionato friondship, whbich no olnsh of disn- §mulnu opiniona could break, Bumnor lovod to oll hin filonds, after Lincoln’s denth,—nud I hoard him rolato it ofton, nover without an ox- provsion of tondornons,—low at ono tino thoso who dioliked nnd foared his Intimacy with tho Promdont, sud desired to Aco it dsruptor, thought it waa irrcparably broken. It was nl tho cloro of Lincoln's Administration, in 1805, whon tho Trosidout hnd proposod cortnin mensures of reconstruction, touching tho Btato of TLoulslana, 'the ond of the zosslon of Congress wns near at band, and tho succoss n§ tha bill doponded on # vote of tho Bonato beforo the hour of adjourntont on tho 4th of March, Mr, Lincoln hind the m«milllro yory much at lioart, But Bummer rmrm!fidt £, becauso 1t did not coutain sfliclont guarntoos for tho rights of tho colored pooplos lli". mVn: Pmlinmontary manouvro, simply couuumhug g until the adjournment cumo, Lo, Wit e threo othor Senntors, succeodod in fluf(llll_‘lg‘ h Lincoln was roportud to bo doeply oling: nedia Bumner's action, and the uoWSPRPOIR a‘mu 5 nunouncoed that the breach botwoen lexl) n :m Bunmer was complote, aud could not bo liealed. But those who unid so did nob know tho men. On tho night of tho 6th of Marol, two days after Lincoln's mecond fnsuguration, tho oustomary inauguration ball was to tako placo, Bumnor did not think of attending it. Dut towards evon- ing ho rocoived & card from the Prosident, which rend thus: B Dran Mn, Susen: Unless you mend ma word to tho contrary, I elull this ovening call with my car. rlago nt your liouse, to tukio youwlLiine to the fusngu- Tation bill, Bluceroly yours, ANRAHAM LINCOLN. | Mt. Bumnor, deeply touchod, at onco made up hismmd to go toan insuguration ball for the firat time. Soon tho carringo arrived, the Pres- idont invited Bumuor to take & sont iu it with him, and Sumnor fouud thero Mrs. Lincoln and Mr. 'Golfax, tho Spoaker of the Hotgo of Ropre- sentativos, Arrived at the ball-room, tho Pires- ident asked Alr, Sumnor to offer his arm to Mrs, Lincoln; and the astonishod spectators, who had boou mado to believe that tha breonch botween Lincoln = and = Sumner waa irveparablo, bohold tho Prosdont's wifo on the arm of the Seuator, aud tho Senator, on that oocosion of state, invited to tnke the moat of lLonor vy the Presidout's sido, Not » word passod botweon them about thoir dis- sgroement. Tho world bocamae convinced that such a frisndship between such men could not bo brokon by n mero honest ditferenco of opinion. Abrabam Lincoln, » man of sincoro and pro- found convictions himself, ostecmed nnd lon- ored sincero and profound conviotions in othors, 1t was thus that Abraliam Lincoln. composed his quarrols with his friends; and at his bedsido, whou he died, there was no mouruer moro doeply afllictod than Charlea Bumner, AFTER THE PROCLAMATION. Tet me roturn to tho yonr 1862, Loug, inces- snat, and arduous was Sumuner's labor for Eman- cipation. At last the great Proclamation, which soaled the fate of Blavery, oame, aud no man bad done mora to bring it forth than ho.. Btill, Charlos Bumner thought his work far from nc- complished, During tho {hireo yonrs of war that followed, so full of vicissitudes, alarms, and snxieties, ho stood in the Senate and i tho Prepident's closet as_the ovor-watchful sontinol of Frecedom and Equal Rights. No occasion eluded his graep to push on the dostruction of Blavery, not ouly by sweoping decrecs, bub in dotall by pursuing it, as with n prnllhlg-lznnl into overy nook aud cornor of its_existenco, 1 was bis sloopless caro that ovory blow struck at the Robellion should suroly and Leavily toll ngainst Slavery, and that every drop of American blood thint was shed should surely be coosecrated to Humau Freedom. He conld not rest until nssurance was made doubly sure, and I doubt whetlier our loli:lslnfivn history shows an exmm- rlu of oqual fidolity and devotion to & grent ob- cct. Bucl was tho character of Mr. Bumner's egislative activity durivg the War, < As tho Robollion succumbed, now probloms nrose. ‘To soy upon their foot again Btates dis- orgenized by insurrecticn and civil war; to re- modol a socioty which had boen lifted aut of its ancient hinges by the sudden change of its sys- tem of Iabor; to protect tho emaucipatod slaves against the old pretension of absolute control on thio part of their former mastors; to guard goci- oty sgainst the [l)lusuiblu transgrossions of a largo multitude, Joug hold In slavery end_iguorance and now auddunllf 8ot freo; 5o to lodgo politica! power in this intilimmable state of things as to praovent violent renctions and Lostilo collisions; to load sociel forces so discordant into orderly aud frujtful co-operation, and to infuso into sommunities but recently rent by tho most vio- lont passions, a now spirit of attachment ton common nationality,: is was cortainly ono of the most perploxiug tasks ever imposod upon the statesmanship of any time and any country., But, to Mr, Bumner's mind, the problom of re- gonstiuotion did_ nob appoak ‘perploxing ot all, Bclloviufi, a8 he always did, that the Democratic idea, a8 he found it definod in the Doclaration of Indopendonco, *Human rights 1 their utmost expaneion,” containod an ultimately cortain golu- tion of ell difticultics, ho saw tho priucipal aim to bo roached by sny recanstruction policy, in tho investment of tho emancipatod slaves with all the rights and privileges of American aitizon- ship. The complexity of tho problem, the hazardous character of tho experiment, nover troubled him, And as, early in the War, ho hnd for himself 1aid_down the theory that, by tho vory act of robollion, the insurreotionary Statos had dostroyed themsolves as such, 8o ho srguod now, with agsured consistency, that thoso States hed relapsed into & Territorial condition ; that the National Government had to fill Lhe void by creations of its own ; and that, in doing so, the quiry, Moreover, o nd scon tho world; he had studled tho {nstitutions and policios of forelgn conne tries on thelr own &oll, afded by porsonnl _{ntor- conrsn withs many of tholr Joading atatesmon, not n few of whom romaiucid In friondly correspondonco with hfin ever ajnco their fivat scquaintance, Xo pubilc ina vl o Lighsr approofition of (1o por sition, dlgnity, and interests of Iis own country § and 10 on wa Ios Hablo than kio to Lo catrlod .awng, or drlven to hasty and ill-coustdored sto) )y oxeltea yopular clamor, 1o waa over atrouows i naserilug our own rights, whilo lis sonse of justics dfdl nat pormit lum o be regardions of tho Tighta of other natlons, His obliorrenco of the barhnritics of war, and Ia ardent. lovo of poace, lod him carnostly to ‘meck for overy internstional diiferonce o ponceable solution § and, where 1o rottlement could boroschod by the dl. root negotiationn of diplomacy, the jdea of arbitration s always uppermost 1 bie' mind, " 116 dorirod to raag tho Royibila to tho bigh ollievof n misslonnry of peaco and civilization, 1io was, (hereforo, not only an wncommonly woll-formod, onlightouod,’ and_ox- perlenced, but alno an ominontly-consorvative, cail- {ouy, and safo counsellor ; and tho fow inatances in which ho appearad moro impulsive than prudont will, upon r,nmll(& {uvestigation, not impugn this stale- ment. T om fer from claiming for him absoluto correctucss of viow oud infullibility of judge mont in ovory camo; but, taking his whale enreor togother, it nmy well bo doublod whethe er, in tlo wholo history of tho Ropublle, tho Bonnto of tho United Btalea over posscssed a Ohairman of tho Commitice on Forolgn Rolutions who uniled in Limaolf, i such completeticss, tho quallfications noc- ossary and desirable for tho important ond dolicate dutice of thnt posltion, This may sonnd like tho oz- travagont pralso of o personal fricnd; but it in tho nober oplnion of tnon tnost competont {0 judgo, it it doca 1ot go boyond hin merlts. THE MASON-SLIDELL OASE, ITis qualitics woro soon put 1o tho test, Esrly in tho War ono of the gallant Captains of our navy ar- rested tho British mail-steamer Tront, running from ono nouteal port to another, ou tho higk: soss, and took| from Ler by force Mason and 8Slidell, two emissaries of (o Coufederato Government, uud thelr dispatchos, ‘Tho peoplo ‘of tha North loudly applawded thoe act, ‘o Bocrotayy of io Nuvy approved it, Tho Houso of Ropresoutatives commondod it {n rosolutions. Lven 1 tho Bonate o mujority scomed inclinod to atand by it, Tho Dritish Goverument, in a threatoniug tono, domanged tho {natsnt restitution of tho prisonors, m un apology, Thopeoplo of tho North zesponded'with o about of indiguntton at tho Britlsh insolence, Tho oxcitonient sootuiod drreprosaibic, Thoso n eatablishment of Univorsnl Suffrage there was an unevoidable nccessity, Thus ho marched forward to tho roalization of his idaal, ou the mtraightest line, and with the firmness of pro- found conviction, In the discussions which followed, bo had the advaniago of o man who knows oxactly what he wants, and who Is importurbably, religiously convinced that he is right. But his coustitu- tional theory, as well as the measures ho pro- fioacd, found little favor in Congress. Tho pub- ic mind strugglod long against the rosults he bad pointed out 88 Inovitable. The wholo powor of Prosidont Johnson's Administration was om- ployed to lend the dovelopment of things in another direction, Dut, through all the vacilla- tions of public opinion, through all the perplexi- tiea in which Congress ‘entangled itsolt, tho very nennnsit{ of thinge weemed to press towards tho snds which Sumuer and thoso who thought like him had advocated from the beginaing. Leaving out of viow the soundnoss of Mr. Bumner's * Territorial thaory” a8 to tho_status of the insurrectionary States after the War, it may be erid, and in fact X have hoard it said by many Southernfmen, that, bad that theory boon consistontly sdhored to, and bad, in’accordanco with it, the Bouthern Blatos been kept louger under national control, honestly and judiciously exorciged, tho results as to thelr genoral in- torests would probably have been moaro satisfac- tory to the Southern’ pooplo thomselvos than those produced bK tho policy actually followed. But, however that mn¥l be, Mr. Sumner saw tho fondest dreams of his lifo soon realized. Blavery was forover blotted out in thigRepublic by the Thirteenth Amondment to the Uonatitu- tion. By the Fourteonth the omancipated slaves ‘were secured In their rights of citizenship bofore law, and the rifteenth gusranteed to thom the H%hb to voto, t was, indoed, & most astonishing, a maryel- ous consummation. What ton years bofore not even the most sanguine would have vontured to santicipate, what only tho profound faith of tho dovoteo could boliove possible, was done. And who had a botter right then Charlos Sumnor to claim for himself a pre-cminent share in that groat consummation 2 L ad, Indaod, not bosa he originator of most of the practical monsures of lemalation by which such results werezeachod. Ho had even combated some of them as u con- flict with his theories. Ho did not possess tho peculiar nbmtr of construoting . policien in detml, of taking account of existing clroumstances and sdvantege of _oppor- tunities. But he had resolutely marched abend *of publio_opinion in marking tho ends to bo Yosauod, Nobody had done more to inspire and strengthon the moral spirit of the Anti-Slavery cauee. He stood foremost amang the propol- ling, driving forces which pushed ou the grest work with undaunted courago, untiring etfort, irrosiatiblo onergy, aud religlons devotion., No man's slogloucss of purpose, fidelity, and faith, surpassed his, and wlien, by future gonerations, the names aro called which are insepurably united with the deliverenco of tho Amorican He- public from Blavery, no name will be called be- ZTore hiu own. MB, BUMNER AB CHAINMAN OF THE YOREION Bk~ LATIONS COMMITTEE. While tho championship of human rights {s his firat titlo to famo, I should bo unjust to his morit did I omit to mentian the sorvicos ho rou- dored on anothor flold of action, Whon, in 1801, tho secesslon of tho Houthorn Btates loft the Anti-Blavery party in the majorily 1n tho Senato of the United Btatos, Chiarlea Bumner, waas placed as Chairman at the hoad of the Com- mittee on Torelgn Iiclations. It was a high _distinction, and no_ eeloction could have been moro fortunate, Without belittling others, it may bo said that, of the mauy ablo men theu n the Bonate, Mr, Suinner was by far (ho it- i , ever ginco his college-da) apecial and clples, the hfsfory of fts_develoymont, and ite litora- turo, ' Nothing of importauce Lad evar boen published on it aubject {n auy languago thst had sscaped bia attontion, }iis kuowlodge of Listory wus uncommonly exlonsive and acourate | and all tho lesdiug intern- tlonsl Iaw cases, wiikithelr fucidents in dotall, thelr tloorlen and actblomonts, lis had st bia fingors” onda g and 10 Lis lash dsy ke remained indefatigeble i fu- queat of popularity saw s ohancoto win it casily by belllcoss declamation, & .But, among those who falt tho welght of rosponal- bility, moro moderato counscls provailed, Tha Gov- orumout wisoly resolved to surroudor tho prisonors, and porco Wit great Britaln wns prosorved, It was Mr, Sumper who threw himself into the broach againat tho yviolet drift of publio opinion, Ia n apeoch fn tho Sennto, no less romarkablo for patrlotio spirit than legal learning and ingenfous aud irresist iblo argument, ho Justyfied tho surreudor of the pris. onors, not on tho ground that, duiing our struggio with the Robellion, wo woro not in & couditlon to go to war with Groat Brltain, but on tho higher ground that tho surrender, demanded by Great Britain in violation of her own traditioual protenslons as to the rights of bolligorents, wus in perfect accord with Amorican precdent, and tho advancod principlos of our Gove erutcnt concerning th rights of noutrala: and that 1his very act, therafore, would for ull_timo cunsitute an addiifonal iud most Cousplouious pracadent to atd in tho establishment of moro humane rules for tho protection of tho righta of noutrals and the mitiga- tion of tho injustice and barbarity attonding maritimo war, The nticcess of this argument was comploto, It turned the tido of public opinlon, It couviuced tho Amotican peoplo thut thia was not an_act of pusilian~ imity, but of justico; not n humiliation of tho Re- publfc, but a_nobls vindication of her time-honored principles, and & servico rondored to tho csuso of _progress, ; Qtlier complications follewed, Tho interferonce of European Povers n Moxlco came, Ixcltod demanda for fntervention on our part wero iade in tho Seuate, and Mr, Bumnor, trustiiig that the victory of the Union over the Rebollfon wonld bring on the ddiviranca of Mexlco u ita train, with sigusl maderation and tact provented tho agitation of so dangorous a polley, 1t fs needlozs to mentlon the mony subsequent justunicos In which his wisdom and sklll ronderod the Ropublic similar servico, THE ALADAMA OARE, Only ono of his scla provoked comment in_ forelgn countries calculated 29 impair tho high eateom fn which Lis numo wos un{@Zaully held there, It was spocch ou th A##uns case proceding tho rojection Ly the Benato of tho Clarendon-Johnson Tronty, Lo was accused of Linving yioldod to a vulgar impulse of demagogiam in flatteriig snd exciting, by unfair state- monts and oxtravagant domnnds, tho grudge the Awerlean people bear to England. No nccusation could possibly bo moro unjust, and I know whereof 1 apeak, Mr, Sumner loved Englond,—had loved her s 1ong a8 ho lived,—from o fecllug of ‘consanguinity, for thertrensures of Itoraturo slio Lind given o the world, far tho sorvices slio bd rendored to Enman Froodom, far tho blowa shio ind struck ot Slavery, for tho aturdy work she hud dono for the cause of Progresa nnd Oly- illzatton, fur the mony doar frionds ko lind among Lior cltizoun,” Such waa bis impulsc, and no man was more incapnbio of punderlng to vulgar projudice, T will 1ot dony that, ns to our difforences with Great Dritain, ho was not outirely free from personal foel- ing, That tho England o loved ro well—the England of Glarkeon snd Wilborforco, of Cobden and Bright ; the Eugland to whom he had looked as tho champion of the Anti-Slavery cause in the world—should make such hot haste to rocognize—nay, as he termed it, to sct up on the scas, a8 o belligeront—that Revellion ‘whoso avowed ohject it was to found an Empire of Slavery, and to ald that Rebollion by overy means short of open war ngainst tho Unlon,—thnt wae a shock to hils feclings whick ho folt liko s botrnyal of friendabip, And yet, while that feeling appoared in the warmth of his Janguago, it did not dictute his pol- icy. I will not discuss horo the correctuces of lia opinions as to what ho stylod the precipitato and un- Justifiable recognition of Houthern belligerency, or his theory of cousequentiul damages, What kLo deslrod to accomplish was, not to extort from England a lurge sum of money, but to put our griev- auce in the strongest light; to convinco En- gland of the greut wrong ' sho had {nlllctod upon us, and thus to prepars a composi- tlon, which, consisting mora In tho sottlement of groat privciples aud rules of interuational Jaw to govern tho futurs intercourse of nutions, than in tho payment of Iargo damnages, would remova all queations of difer- once, and sorva to restore aud coutlrin 8 frlondslip ‘whick ought never to huvo been lnterruptod. i ‘Wheu, nually, the Treaty of Washiugton was nogott- ated by ths Jolnt High Commisslon, Mr, Bumuer, al- thouglh thinking that more might fnve boen sccom- plistied, did uot onrley not oppose that treaty, but actively nided {u securing for it the consent of tiie Scn- ate. Nothiug would have becn moro painful to him thun a contiutunce of unfricndly relatious with Greut Dritain, Hud thoro beon danger of wat, no mans voleo would Bavo plesded with 1noro fervor {o avert such a calswity, He gave amplo proof that ho did not desiro any personal opinions to stand in the way of a settlentent, und If that setilemont, which' he willingly supportod, did not in evory respoct satisfy him, it wus Lecauso be dosired to put the futuro relations of the two countries upon s stili safor and mota enduring latesman ever took part in the diroction of our forelgn affuirs who 8o coinpletely identified himaself with the most sdvanced, bumsne, aud progressive rinciples, Ever joalous of the honor of his country, "m souglit to clevate that lhonor by a policy scrupu- lously just to the utrong, and generous to tho weuk, A profound lover of peace, he faithifully advocated urbi- tration as a substituto for war, The barbarities of war o constantly Jabored to mitigute, In the Lottest days of our dvl{ contifct ho protosted sgainst tho issus of lotters of murquo wnd roprixal; hu nover loat an op- portunlty to condemn privatesrlug os a barbarous practice, and he even went 8o fur os to deslgnate the system of prize-mouney us fucousistent with our ou- jghtonod civilization, In some respects, his princi- plos wero ir pdvancoof our time; but suoly tho day will coma when this Republie, marching iu the frout of progress, will udopt them us her own, aud romember their champlon with pride, . I CLOSING BTRUGOLE, Inow spprosch the last perlod of bis life, which brought to bitn new und bittec ilnl(i;;lu Tho work of roconstruction. compisted, Lo folt that throe objocts.etill domauded uew. offorts, One was, that tho colored race should be protested Ly nutional legislation ogainst dograding discrimination, fu tho eujoyment gf fuctiftfes of ciucation, travel, aud pless. ure, such o8 stand undor tho contrdlof lutv; aud this object ha embodied in his Civll-Righte bill, of whick Lie wus tho mover and especlal chumpion, The sece oud was, thut generous roconllintion sbouid wipo out Mogoring anjmositios of past coutlicts, and rounite in now bouds of brotherhood all those who had been di- vided, Aud tuo third was, thut tho Goverument should be restored to tho purity and high toue of its earliest doys, and that from §ts uew birth the Ropub~ lie should ‘Issue with a new lustre of moral greutuesy) to lead its children to s highor parfeotion of mankood, and to ba a shiniug oxamplo and boacon-light to all thd uatlons of the earth, Thia accomphslied, Lo often said to his frionds, he would becontent to lie down and die; but death over- took hitn boforo bo wus thua oouteut, nd, bofors doath cama, o was deatinod & taste more of tho bitteruces of life, 1Hifs Civil-Rights bill be preased with unflaging pore Boverauce, aguiust un opposition which stood upon tie round that the objocts Lis measuro contemplated bo- onged, under the Constitution, to the jurisdiction of tho Btates; that the people, urmod with the ballot, pos- sessod tho necessary means to provide for their own security; und thut the progressive development of puulic sentiment would afiord to them greater protece tion thau could bo given by natioual leglalation of «quo:t.onuble conatitutionality, The pursalt of the other objects brought upon him experiences of © painful nature. ILlave to speak of s disugreement with the Aaministration of Presidont Graut and with his party, Nothing could be furthor froum my desiro thun to réonen, ou n solemn occasion ik this, thowe bittor conflicta whiol aro il o fresh 1n our miudy, and to assall auy living man in the namo of the dead, 'Wore it my urhoso to_attack, I should do sv fn 1y own nume, and oliooss the place where T can bo answored,—not this, But T have o duty to per forun ; it 16 Lo kot forth iu tho lght of truth the motlves of ths dead beforo the livitig, T knew Gharloa Sum- ner's motives well, We stood togethier shoulder ta shionldes fu_wauy a burd contest, We wero friends, und botween us pussed 1hose coufidunces which only intimato frloudship knows, Therofore I can truly say that T know his motives well, .erable forww, and to speak OIVILAERVIOE NEFOIM, ‘Tho Clvil War Lad greatly changed the country, and Ieft many problemu belind it, Tequiriug ngaii’ that, bullding, orgauizing, contructive kind of stitcsmane slip which T deseribod as presiding over the Ropublio eurlier history, For & solution of many of thoso problen Mr, Suniter’s mind was little fied, and_ho baturally turncd to those which appoaled to Lis moral naturo, * No great civil war Lo over passod over auy country, especllly n Republic, withaut produclng & widespread and diugorous dowioralizgtion and corrup- tlon, uot only i the Government,” but mnoug the people, In auch times tho sordid inktincts of human nature develop themuelves to unuaual rocklessncss un- dor the guluo of patrlotium, Tho axceudenoy of no political party in w Repubiia s over boen long woin. ininod without tempUug sasuy of its mombers to avall themeelves for thele scifik advantage of the oppors tunitics of power und party protection, and without attraoting & Lorde of camp-Tollowers, professing prin- ciple, but meanug wpoil, "It Liaa always been 50, und s American lopublic Lins aot ssoaped the exporfence, either Mr, Humnor nor many otliers oould, in our uLalinosd) close thalr eyas 10 Wilk fach, M recog- . wag 0 minded ; and now, in Lz vaAuJ nised tho dunger aarly, &nd alroady In 1654 ho fntro- duced in the Benote n DN for the reform of tho Olvil seryico, crude in its dotatl, but embodying corroct tlntlr iea, Thus ho may bo sald (o have Loen tho enre leat ploncer of tho Clvil-Sorvice Reform miovomont, The ovil der Presidont Johnon's Admin. Intrntion, nud evor mince it has boon cropping out, not otily dintvn to fight by tho offorta of tho Copostlions but voluttarily und_ fuvoluntarily by mombora of the ruling party ftaelf, Thore were in {Imnny mon who confeasod to thomaolvea tho urgont mocossity of meote g tho growing dunger, . Ir, n i row Sunmer could not bo sllant, Mo chorlshod uind a Wigh ldeal of what ihfs Hepublia and fta Govorumont ahould bo; o Govorutment compoged of tho boat and wiseat 'of tho lnmd § atie mated by none bt tho highest and most pairiotio aupirations ; ylolding to no solfiah fmpuiso § mobla fil itn tono wnd chinractor ; sotling sta face stornly ngainat all wrong ad fnfustico ; presonting i ita wholo belig toths Amorican pooplo u aliniug oxamplo. of urliy and lofty publiospirit, Mr. Sumnor wan proud of his country’s thioro was no prouder American - tho land, Ho folt fa himoif tho wholo diguity of tho Topubilo, And, whon ho paw auyliug that loworod tho dignit o tilo Republlo and tho chrnctor of 1ts_ Govornment, 1o folt 1 ua Lo would iave felt a poraonal offonne, 114 critiolaed ft, lio donouncad it, ho Temonstrated ngniit 1t, for lio conld not do otlicrwiao, - He did 8o, froqiionta 1y’ aud without Lieltation sud rocrvo, whe' Mr, Line coln wa Prealdont, o coutinuod to'do sio ovor sinco, thio moro loudly tho more difMioult it was to make hint: #olf henrd, 1twas his natura: hio folb it to bo his right ns wcilizen ; o estoomed it bin duty sa » Bon- atar, HANTO DOMINGO. Thint, aud 0o other, was tho motive which Impolled fim. Tho rupture’ with tho Admiulelration was brought on by bLis opposition to tho Banto Domingo Troaty, In tho rensons upon which (hut opponition was biged, T kuow Lt personnl fooling hind 1o sharo, They woro patriotio reasons, publicly and cantidly ex— prosted, aud 1t ucome thoy wore approciated by a Jatga “urufln of tho Amoricun people, It has boen #ajd that 0 provoked tho resoutment of tho President by firat rmmlllng to nummrt Ahat treaty and thon opposing {t, hus roudering biinaclf guilly of o act of duplcity, LUo hus publicly denied thio juatice of tho cliargo, aud stated tho facts g thoy stood in his memory, Iam willing to mako thoe fullest nllowance for tho posalbility of a misrepreseutation of words, But I aflirm, lao, that no liviug man_ who know Mr, Sumnor’ woll, will s hoallsto & momont to pronounce thy chirgo of duplicity os foundod o tho muat radical of nularcproscntations, An nct . of dlupllity on s part was simply moral imposaibity. It wus abeolutety forelgn to Lfs nature, Whatever may Lisvo boon the defects of his chatacker, io uovor know. {ngly docelved a humun belng, Thoto was in bim not tho_fuintest shadow of dissimulation, disguiso, or trickory, Notone of his words ever had tho purpose of a dotiblo meaning, not one of hisacts a hidden afm, 18t lkos and dislikes, i approval aud disspproval, 48 poon 88 they wero cloar to his own consclousnes A appeared befora the world fn_tlio open light of noon~ day, 1lls frauknose wus so unbonndod, hia candor so oniiro, bis ingeuiousioss a0 ehldilke, at i laoked oven 'tho disorotion. of ordinary prudonce, Ho waa almost fucapablo of modorating his feol- ings, of toning down his moaning in the ex- prosslon, When ho might Lave gained o point by ind{rection, ke would not have dona 80, bocause Lo could not, o wasono of thoss who, whon they nte tack, attack slwaya in front nadin broad dayliight, The night-surprise ond tho flank-morch wore abso- lutely foroign to his tactics, becauso thoy wore incom- patiblo with his nature, X havo known many men i my life, but iover oo iio wna Toaa”capablo of a por- Didfous act or an artful profession, Call bim o valn, oo {mpracticablo, an imporfous map, f you will, but American history does not men- tion the namo of ono of whom with greator justics 1t can bo eaid that he was & true man, THE RUPTURE WITU TIIE ADMINISTRATION. Tho sawo candor snd purity of motives which prompted and characterized his opposition to the Bunto Domingo schome };mmplod aud characterized the nttacks upon the Adminletratton which foilowed, Tho chorges ho made, ond tho ar- guments with which he supported thom, I foel 1ot callod upon to enumerato, Whether and how far thoy wero corract or erronsous, just or unjust, im- portant or unimportaut, the judgmént of history’ will eterinine, Moy that judgment be Just and fulr to us all, But this 1 can atlirm to-day, for I know it: Charles Bumner never wado a charge which be did not himsolf firmly, roligiously bollove to be true, Neither did ho coudemn thoso Le attacked for anything be did not Sriply religlously beilova Lo bo wroug, Aud, whilo altacking Luoso fi power for wiiat ho considored wroug, ho was slways roady to support ther in oll he cannlg- ored right,” Aftor all ho las ntd of thio President, ho would to-day, if bo lved, conaclontiounly, cordially, Jogously aid "in sustaining tho Yresldent's recont voto on an act of financial loglslation which threatened to inflict a deep Injury on tue character, na well as the truo interesta of tho American poople, But, at tho time of which I spenk, all ho sald was 80 deeply grounded in his feeling and consclonco, that it was for him diMcult to understand how othors could form differont conclusions, When, shortly bofors the Natfoual Republican Convention of 1872, he had deliv- ered that flerca philipplo for which he has been cone surod €0 much, Bo turned to mo with the question, ‘whotber I did not think that the statomenta and argu- meuta be bod produced would cortsinly oxorcise & de- claiyo fufluenco on the action of that Conventfon, I roplied that I thought thoy would not, Hewas gruatly astonished, Not as if ho indulged in tho delusion that his porsonal word would have auch authoritative welght, but it secined impossiblo to him that opinfons which in bun bad risen to tho full strength of over- ruling conviction,—that o fooling of duty which in him bad grown eo solemn and irrcsistibie sa to inapire im ‘to any risk and sacrifice, over %0 painful,— should fall powerless at {ho feot of a party which 80 long had followod fnspirations. kindrad to bis own, Buck was the ingounouances of his naturo; such Dis faith in tho reotitude of his own cause, The resalt of hia oi¥ort is & matter of history, Aftor tho Elila phia Conventlon, and not until then, he resolved ‘opposo his party, and to joiu & movement which was duomed to defeat, Ife obeyed his aonso of right and duty at » terrible sacrifico, "Ho had Leen one of tho great chiefs of bis party,—by many regarded ns the groatest, Ho had stood in tho Sonato 03 a mighty monument of the struggles and victories of tho Anti- 8lavery causo, Ho hau boon o martyrof his carnesi- uess, Dy ull Republicaus he had buen looked up to with respoct,—by mauy with veneration. ITe had been the {dol of tho peoplo uf his State, AN this was sud- donly changed. Already, at tho tiine of his opposition to the Sunto Domingo échiorae, be had been deprived of his placo at tho bead of the Senate Committco on Foreigu Rolations, which he had held ao lon: y sud with o much honor to the Republio and to ll?mlnll. But fow know Liow sharp pang it gave to Lia hoart, this removal, which lie folt as the wunton degradation of o fultbful servant ,who was conaclous of ohly dolng his duty, INGRATITUDE AND PEISEOUTION, But, when he bud pronounced ugainst iho candi- dates of hls party, worse experiences were for him in storo, Journals which for years had been full of his praiao now sssafled lim with remorsoloss ridiculo snd vituperation, questioning iis pust services, and calling hima traitor, Men who tind boen proud ‘of his ace quaintance turnod away their heads when they met Lim in tho strect, Former flatterera cagerly covored lisname with slunder, Many of theso who had beon his ausociates in tho struggle for Freodom sullenly withdrew from Lim their friendship, Even mon of the colored race, for whose olevation ho hud labored with a fidelity and dovotion cqualed by few aud sur- passed Ly uone, joined in the ohorus of denunclation, O how keonly hé felt it1 ‘And, s if the crucl malice of tugratitude and the unspating porsscution of in. furfutud psrtisanship had not bLuen enough, auother enemy camo upon Dim, throstculog hin very” We. It Wus & nuow sttack Of that discase which, for many years, from timo of time, biad prostrated him with' tho ncutest sufforing, oud which shortly should lay him low, It admonished Liim that overy word Lo spoke might be his Jast, Ho found himsolf forcod to leavo the tleld of & conteat in ‘which uot ouly his priuciples of right, but even his good nama, earued by so mauy years of faithful olfort, was at stake, 1o posscased no longor to elastio upirl of youth, and tho prospect of now struggles had ceased to'chisrn bim, 118 holr lnd grown gray with years, aud ho had reached that age when a eiatesman beglu to love th thought of rejosing his heud upon tho pillow of ussurod publle esteom, Evon tho aweot comfort of that sanctusry was deuled bhim, In Which the voicoof wifo aud ¢hild would have satd : Iost hore, for, whatever the world may aay, wo kuow that you 'are’good, and falthfal, and noblo. Only tho Triends of his youth, who knew him ‘beat, surrounded him with never-fluggiug coufidouce and love, and thoso of his compaujuns-in-arms who kuow bin' also, aud who wero true to Lim us thoy ware truo to their common cause, Thus ho stood in tho Presidential campafyn of 1872, . 1t i at sich & moment of bitter ordeal that an hon- est publio juan fecls tuo impulso of rotiring within olf 3 to oxamine with unscrupulous caro the qual- s own motives; nuxiously to fuquira whother ily right in his opluions und objucts when so nuny old friende ssy thathe 8 wroug thon, after such a revlew at tho hund of conscloncesnd duty, to form anow bls conclusions without biss, und to pro- clafm thom without foar. This he did, TuR APESON OF 1872, e had deslred, and, a8 he wrote, * he had confl- dently un? , on' roturning home from Washingtou, to meot his follow-citizens in Fanouil Hall, thut ven< Quce moro on greut ques- tious {uvolving {ho welfora of .the country, but rocurring ~ eymptoms of s palnful chsracter worned him ogamst such s attempt)! Tho apeoch ho lad intended to prouounce, but could not ho loft {n a written form for publication, nud went to Europs, seckiug rost, uncertalt whather ho wonld over return alive. In it Lo reiterted ail tho reasons which had forced him to opposo the Ad~ miufatration aud tho candidatea of his party, Thoy wero uuchanged. Then follawed an earnest and pa- tustic ‘I)lm for universal poaco aud reconcilistion, Ho showed how necessary the rovival of fraternsl feeling was, not only for tho prosperity aud physical well- belng, but for tho moral elevation of the Americun eopld, but for tho aufety and elovation of the ropublle, 1o gave words to Lis profound sympathy with the Houthern Btates fu their misfortuncs, Indignantly ho declared, that * Second only to tho wide-apread devas- tations of war were the robberles to which those Blatce had been subjooted, under an adninistration calling ftself Republican, and with local govornments derlving thelr sulwating impulso from the parly in powor: and that the people in theso communitie wwould Liave been leas than men, {f, sinking under tho Intolerable Lurden, thoy did not ‘turn for helpton new yarty, promiaing honesty and roform,” e rocalled tho veltorated oxpresaion Lo had given to bis sentimunts over winco tho breaking out of the ‘War; aod closod the rocital with thoso words, * Buch .anr AaldoUL o sparing onomy of the Roballlan, whoso suacess was to lmu:n the fondest droama of 'their ambitions the ovar-resting advooato of tha grant of -um-uin ho Diacks, which thoy thought to be deslgned for tholr own degeadation, Thus they had poraunded them- #olvea tat Oharlos Bumnor was to thom s relontless ae, “Thiey i not know, an othiors know, thnt ho whom thoy cursed nn thoir horscoutor had's heart heating warmly and tendorly for all tho human kind ; that the offorts of Lia lifo woro unconaingly dovosed 'to thoss whom ho thought moat in nocd of afd ; that in the #lavo lio saw only thio human soul, with Its storus! titlo to tho semo right and dignity which Lo himself on- Joyed ; that lig nseniled thie siavo-maater only os tho onpressor who denfed that right ; and that tho formor Djipressor, conslug to bo auo, nnd belng opprestod himeolf, could aurely count upon tho fullness of hia sotivesympathy, frooly givon in tho spirit of oqual Juslico; tiat it was tlio rollglon of his life to pro- toct tho'woak nud approassd agalnat tho airong, RO mattor who wera tho weak and opprossed sud who ‘woro tho atrong, 'Phioy kuow not that, whilo flercely combating 8 wrong, thora waa not dn hia heart a sprk of Latrol aven for tho wrong-door, who Lated m, Thoy know not how well ‘ho deserved tho high homngo fuvoluntarily pald to him by a carloon during (ko Inte Prostdentisl campnign,—a car- toon, dealgnod to bo maliclous, which ropresouted Olinrlea Sumnor atrowing flowora ot tha grave of Prose ton Brooks, Thoy forcauw not that, to Wolcome them back to th tull brotlirliood of lio 'Americsn neonlo, Lo would ox) himsolf to s blow wounding bim as cruolly as that whioh years ago loveled bim {o tho frounid in tiie Bousto Ohambor, And {his now blow o rocolvod for thom, Tho peoplo of tho South ig nored thiaong, Now tuat ba 1 Bous, ot thom never THE * DATTLE-PLAG REEOLUTION," Trom Europo Mr. Sumner roturued lato in the fall of 1872, much ntrongthoned, but far from beiug wall, At tho opening of the seasion ho ro-lntroduced two measurea which, a8 ho {hought, should complot tho rocord of ia political’ lfe. Ono hia Olvil-Rights bill, which had failed in the Jast Congrese, und tho othior, & resolution providing that tho namas of the attlos won aver fellow-cilizeus in tho War of tho Itobellion should be removed from the regimental ‘colora of tho army,and from tho Army ltoglstor, Itwas {ndeed only & ropetition of n rosolution which ho had introduced” ten years before, 1n 1802, during tho War, whon tho firet namos of victo- rlos wero put on Amorican battle-flags, Thia resolue ton called forth a now atorm ngainst him.. It wss do- nounced ae an insult to tho heroie soidiers of the Union, nud a degradation of thelr viclorics and well- carnod laurels, It was condemncd ss an unpasriotio act. Chinrles Sumnor inmult tho soldlora who had spilled thiolr blood in n war for human righta ] Obarles Sum-~ ner degade victorios and doprociato lsurels won for i cailao of Univoreal Freadom | How stango an m- putation Lot tho dead mon have & hearing. This was his {hought : Nocivilized nation, from tlio republio of ans Houlty down o our days, ovor thought it wisy. or, pa- triolic to proscrvo fu conspicuous and durable form tho momentocs of vislorles won ovor follow-citizans in gl wnr, Whynot? Docuus evory cilizen wauld feol bimsolf, with all others, 08 tho child of o common country, aud not as a defonfod foo. Al alvilized Gove crnmoiifs of our days bavo {ustinativaly followed the samo dictato of ~ wisdom and patriotiam, Tho 14 tho simple sud harmonfous record, showlng how from tha Logluning I was dovoted to Deace, how cone utuntly I louged for reconciliution ; how, with every easnro of equal rights, his lougiig found utterames s liow it becatne an essentlal part of my lifo; how I dig~ carded il idea of vengeance and punishmont; how re- consiruction wat, (o my mind, a transition' pariod ; aud Low carncatly T looked forward to tho day whon, after the rocoguition of ofl“.l rights, the ilopublio suould again bo oue, tn roality sa i zame, If thore are any who evor malutainod s polioy of hato, I nover Drototiug sgalust any ‘sucls polloy, I ot only in obediencato tho irresistibio promplings of my soul.* A L AeATIY xoh Thx goumr, And woll might o upoak thus, tue o of {tio Bouth licar what Tuay. Thioy waro wout t0.4ee in im only tha lnplacablo assailant of that pooullr in= stitution which was so olosely intorwoven with all thelr traditions and habits of life, that thoy regardsd It as the very Lasis of tholr social and moral exiateuce, as 440 souros of Lelr yresperily wnd greatasis} tis Irlshmon, when fighting for Ol Euglind st Water- 100, wun riot to bobold on tha red cross flonting over blm " the namo ‘of Doyno, The Hcotch-Iighiand- er, when standing in the tronches of Sovastopol, was not, by the colors of his regiment, to bo remindod of Culloden, No Fronch soldior at Austorlita or Solforino hud to read upon tho tri-color any reminiscenca of the Vondeo. No Hunguriun at Budowa was (suntod by any Austrisn bunuor with the aurrender of Villagos. No Germun regiment, from Sazony or Wanovor, chargiug undor tho-iran il of Gravelotte, was made to remomber, by words written on Pruesiau ataudord, that tho Dlack Engle hind con~ quered thotn at Koniggratz snd Langeusalza, Btionld tho son of South Caraliun, whan ot some futuro day defouding tho Republio ogainst soma forcign foe, Lo femiudod, by an inceripiion on tho colors fosting over bim, that under thls flog the gun was firod that Xiliod 18 father at Gottysburg? Shonld thie grout and eulightoned Republic, proud of standing in tho frout of human progress, bo less wiso, lesa lorgo-honrted, than tho onclonts wero ' two thousand yoars ago, and_tho kingly govornments of Europo aro to-day? Lot tho buttla-ilgs of the bravo Voluiitoars, which thoy brought home from: tho War ‘with tho glorlous rocord of thoir victorles,bo proserved intsctas a proud ornamont of our State-Houso and armorios, But lot tho colors of tho rmy, under which tio aons of all the Slates aro to moet and mingle in common potriotism, aposk of nothing but Union ; not o unlon of conquerers oud _conquorad, but % Union whicl s tho mothior of all, oqualiy tondor to all, kuow. ing of nothing but oqualify, peace, and lova smong hor childron, Do you want sbining’ giemontos of your victorles’? They nre writton upun tne dusky brow of overy freomat Who was onco o alave; thoy dra written ou thio gato-posts of a restored Union; aud the most slilning of all will be wrilton on tho fuces of a contont- ed people, rounited in common uational pride, A DITTED TIAIE, Buch wora the sontimouts which {napived that reso- Iutiou, — Buich wera the sentimonts which called forth a storm of obloquy, Such were tho scntiments for which ho Loglslaturo of Massachusolls pussed & aol omn_rosolution of consure upou Chutles Buranor,— Maseachusotts, his own Massschusotts, whom he loved 80 ordently with & Dlinl love,~of whom ho was so proud, who had honored him ‘%o much in days gone Dy, aud whom ho bad 60 long and faitbfully Iaored to serva ond to honor, Oh, thoso wero ovil daye, that winter | duys sad aud_ dark, whon hio sat thers {n his lonesomo clumber, ungblo o loavo It tho world mv. ing uround bim, and in 1t 5o much {ht was Loatile, —and ho proslrated by tho tormenting diseass whicl tnd returned with frosh violouco,—~unablo to defond himsolf, and with this_bittor arrow in his hoart | Why was not that resolution held up to scorn sud vituperation a3 an iosult fo the brave and an unpatriolic act—why wes b mot attacked an coudemned for it—whon Lo firat olYered it, ton yeurs Lofore, and when bo was in tho fullnoss_of’ muuhood and gover? I uot tou, why now? Whynow? I alnll nover forget th sclancholy hours I sat with hfm, seeking to lift fin up with sheering words, aud ho—hia frate for Lours racked with excruolating paim, and then oxhouated with sulleriug—gloomily brooding over the thought that ho might div so{ Tiow thaukful 1 o, bow thankful evory buman soul 1n Museachusctts, ovory Amorican must bo, that bie did not dio then 1—sd, indecd, more than nco, doath seemed to bo knocking ot hia'door, How thnnkful that bo was porod to oo tho day when tho peoplo by etriks ing dovelopments woro convincod that thuso who had sctedaabodid had aftor all not been impolled by aioro whdma of vanity, oc rocides embition, oF sinistor deslgne, but bad good and putriotic rensol for what thoy ald s when ths hoart of Maswohusstls came buck Lo bim full of tha old love and coufidoncs, assuring bim that he would sgain bo her chosen sort for hor representative aoat in tho Houso of Btatca when the law-givers of tho old Commonvwealtb,obeying an terosistiblo impulse of justice, wiped away from the records of the Leglelature, and from tho falt name of the State, that resolution of consuro which kad stung him 80 aseply ; snd whon raturning vigor liftod bim up, and & now sunburat of hopo iilumined his lifel Hohw tliaokful wa. &l ore that o Livad that one yeir ongor . FIELITY TO DUTT, And yot, have you thought of it, if e had dfed in thoso durk duye, whon so many clouds Luug over Lim, would not then the much vilifiod man huva been the sumo Charles Sumuor, whose death but ono year later stllicted willious of hearts with 8 pang of berouvement ; ‘whouo prise-lanow on every lip for the purity of bus life, for lis fidolity to great principles, and for the loftingss of his putriotiim? Wus he not yoar ago the same,—the samo i purpose, tho “samo 4 princivle, the unme in clisracter? What had he done, then, thatso many ‘who profse him to-day should have then disowned 1im? Beo what holud dono, Ho bad simply been truo to his convictions of duty, . He had approved and urged what Lo thought right, lic hud_stiacked and op- posed what bo thouglt wrong, To his convictions of duty he had sacrificed politicsl nssociations most doar to bim, the security of his position, of which ho wus proud, . For bis couvictions of duty ke had stood up againat thoso moro powerful than Le; o had exposed himself to reproach, oblogquy, snd persocution, ne not done 6o, he would uot bave been tho man you praige to-dn; ud fil‘ for doing €0 he was criod down but yestordsy, Ho ld lived up to the great word ho spoko when Lo ontcred the Bonute, * The sluye of prine ciple, Teall no party muster,” Tbat declaration was grevted with applausc, und_when, true to his word, ho rofused to cull o party master, the act was covered with reprosch. Tho spirit impelling him to do #o was tho same con- sclonce which urged him to break sway from the powerful party which controlled his Stato in the duya of Danfcl Wobster, aud to joln u fesblo minority which staod up for Freedom; (0 throw away th fuvor and dety,the power of tho woalthy and reffued, in order to plead tho causo of the down-trodden snd dograded ; to stand up ogalnat tho Slavo-Power in Congroess with 2 courago never surpaveed ; £o uttack tho profudice of birth oud_roligion, sud lo plead foarlossly for the rights of {ho foreign-born cittzon, at o thne When the Kuow-Nothing movomont was controlling Lis late, and might have defeated his own re-clection to the Seuate; to sdvocuto Emanoipation when othecy trombled with foar; to march alead of his followe: ‘when lhe{l wure afruid to follow ; to rise up alone for waat ho thouglt right,when others would not tlse with Lim, Tt was tuat bravospirit whiel doos ovorything, do- fiea ovorythlng, risks overything, saorifices uverything, —comfort, socloty, party. popular support, station, of honor, g‘rnlpnuu,—hr souse of right uad convictiou of duty, That {a it for which you Louored him long, for which you honor him again to-dsy, and will honor him foraver, & LESGON, Al what a lesson i tlls for the American paoples & lesnon Journod 60 often, snd, alsa| forgotton alos| a8 often & it {a learned |’ Tu it well to discourage, to proucribe, b youe publlo et it {nidepondont uiisl: ‘which whi boldly sasert a conselentious vonso of duty, oven sgainst thio bobests of power or party? I 3t woll to toach thom that thoy must sorve tho command and intereat of party, oven o the prico of consclence, or they must bo crushed under its heel, whataver thelr past servico, whistovor their ability, whatover tholr churactor mby be? I it wall to tako them Dollevo that he who dares to be himsclf must bo hunted au g political outlaw, who will fiud Justico ouly when hip {8 dead? That would have booti tho sad moral of 1ita douth Liad Cliarles Bumuor died & year ago, Lol th merlcun peopl uovor (oryot, tat b bas al- waya boen the indopondont epirlt, tho s-dofylng geiso of duty, which broke the way for every great progressiva movement sinco maukind Lias » hiatory ; which gavo tho Amorican Colonios thelr soverelgiity und mado thiu groat Republio ; which dofled tho pawor of Blavary, and inado tls o Ropublio of freomen ; sud which—wlio knows—may agsiu bo noedod eomo day to dety the powar of ignarance, 0 arrost tho inroads of corruption, or to broak tho subtle tyrauny of orgaujza- tion fn_ordorto_prosorvo this s o Ropublio, And thoreforelet 1o man undurstand ma au otforing wliat T Luve said about Mr, Bumuor's courso during tha Inst yorlou ot Lits lito 'sy au spology for what kv did. o was right bofore his own conecionce, and neada 10 spology. Wos to the Ropubllo when it looks in valn for tho men who seek tho {ruth ‘without prefudice and spoak the truth without foar, 9 thoy Undurtand i, 1o mattor whotlier the world by wnlllug to liston or not | Alsa for tha gonoration (it ‘would put sucl mon fulo their graves, with tho poor ‘baon of an apology for What wae In thom noblowt and best| Who will 10t agreo that, had power or partissn spifhy which porscouted him' boc o followod bigher sims thin party intotesty oer sucondsd in pubjugatiug and waolding bium arlae it faabiag, axuinet lula cousolalios, sgainsd sonyl of duly sud | ALUNWDA 1, acnae of right, ho would have sunk into his grave & misorabla ruif of his groat salf, wrookod fn hia moral nature, doserving only n tear Of pit$? For ha was gr nroful only-becauso ho darcd to b himsolf a1l tho days of ifa 1ifo ; and for this you have, when Lo diod, put the laural uyion lile Lrow, A HIRTONIO GHABAGTER, From tho cofin which hides his' body, Chnrles Bumnor now rises up bofore our oyes s historlo char- actor, Lot ua luok at him onco mara, - 1iin Lifa lies bo- fore us liko an opon book which contains, no doublo moanings, nu crooked passages, no mysterfos, no con- cealments, 1t 4a cloar ne cryatal, Even his warmest friond will fiot 800 1n ft the modot of porfoct atateamanship ; nor that esglo glance which, from a lofty emincnco, at ‘ono awoop aiirvoys tho whold fleld on whilch Ly lahor, thought, strife, accommoda= ton, impules, reatralut, slow and rapld movement, the dontinion of untion ara worked out,—and wich, whilo suryoying the wholo, yot obscrvos and penotrates tho fituess and working of every dolatl of the grent machivery ; nor that ever colm, aud steady, and self- controlilug good seuso, which fudges oxistlug things Juat na they are, and oxiating forcea Ellll o8 to what tlioy can accomplish, and, whilo insbructing, conclll= ting, permusding, ud molding thoto_ fofcss, and guiding thom on toward an {doal ond, correctly esti- 1mntes comparative good aud comparative evil, aud im. ols or reatralus ns tlat ostimnto may commond, This n tho truc genlus of slatesmanship, ” fiting all times, all oiroumatances, and all grost objects to bo roactied Dy political actior, * ¥, Bumner's natural abilities woro notof the firat or- der; but they were ymonted by acrquirod abilitica of romarkablo powe ruind did not invent and cro- sto Ly fuepication; it produced by study and work, Nolthor bad his mind superlor constructive ca) ncity, Whon ho dosired to orlginate o moaauro of legislation, ha acareoly ovor olaboratod {ts practical detaily ; bia usually throw his 1dea into the form of a reaolution or & Ul giving 1y tho mala, Lin purgoso only, and thon ho sdvanced to tho discussion of the principles fn. volvod, It waa difiicult for him to look at a guestion or problom from more than one point of viow, and to comprolioud its_differont boarings, ita complex. roln tions with other questions or probloms: and to that ono point of view he was apt to_subject all othor cons slderations, Ifo not only thought but hie did not hosl tafo to may, that all construction of the Constitution miat ba ibeariant bo o supraria duty of giving the amplest protection to the natural rights of man by diroct National leglalation. Ha was not freo from that dangorous fendency to forget the limila which bound thio logitimute rango of loglalative and governmental nction, On economical questiona bis views woro on- Ughtoried and thoroughly conaisiont, 1o had studied aiich subjoots more than is commonly supposod. It ‘wan ono of Lia lnst regrots that his health mit him to moko & spoech 10 favor of an tarly reaump. tion of apecie-payments, On mattors of intornotional law ond forelgn affaire ho wua the recognized authorie 1y of tho Honato, IUB PLAOE FOUND IN A MEVOLUTIONANY PERIOD, But sonio of his very shioricomings served to fucrease thiat pecullar power which Lo exariod n hin (imo, Liis public life was thrown juto a period of a revolutionary charncter, whon one grest end was tho gelf-lmpoxed subject of o univorsal atrugglo,—n strugglo which was not made, not manufacturod by tho desiyn of men, but Iad grown from tho natural conflict of oxisting thinge, und grow frrealstibly on ond on, until it onveloped ail the thought of tho mation: and that ouo groat ond appealing more tuan to tho practical sonse, to the ‘moral impulsca of mon, making of thom tho fighting forco, Thera Mr, Bumucr found bis place, and thore Tio grow groat, for that moral fmpulao wan trouger in him than in host -of tha world around by and it was §n him not & more crude, untutored forcs of ma- turo, but edueatod and elovated by thought and study; andft found in his brain and” heart an armory,o trong weapons givan to byt fow: vast Infarmatlon, legal loarulug, tudustry, eloquence, undsunted cour- ago, an _{ndepondent and fron will, profound convic. tiotls, unbouuded devotion, snd publimo falth, It found there, lso, 8 koon and Just instinct os to tho ob- Jocts wluch must ba reachied, and tho forces which must bo sot in motion and driven on to ronch thom, ‘Thus, keeping the emd ateadlly, obstinately, intonsely n view, ho murched shead of hia followers, nover dis- turbed by thelr anxleties and foars, showing thom that what was necossary was nossiblo, and forcing them fo follow bim,—a groat moving power, such as the strug- glo roqiured, : Nor can it 'be 8ald that this impatledt, irropressible propulsion was against ll_prudence and sound judg- mout; for it muat not Lo forgoticn that, when Ak, Sumner steppod to the front, the policy of compromlss was oxhausted; the timo of composition and xpedi- ont was paat, Things had gono 80 far that the dea of reaching the end, which ultimntely must ba rosched, by mutual concodsion snd s grudunl and peaceabls ‘process, was utterly hopeless, Tho confllcting forcea could not bo reconlled ; tho final atrugglo was indeod Im&)rflllmn and inevitable; and all that could then bo dono was o take care that tha Anal struggla should bring forth the necessary rosults, ‘Thua the metinct, and the obatinate, concentrated, irresistiblo maving powor, which Mr, Bumner pos- scesed, wos an essentd IflrF"l of tho statosmonship of tho Rovolutionary period, Had ho lved befors or after thid grost pariod, in “qulot, ordinary timos, ho would porhaps naver hava rinon fn publfo ifo 10 con- splouous slgnificauco. Dut all ho was by nature, by quircient, by ability, by moral impulae, mado him ono of the'horoos of that great strugglo against Blavery, and fn_somo_respocts tho first, And. thon, ‘when tlie victory was won, tho same moral nature, the #amo senso of Juatice, the 'samo enlightenod mind fme polled him to pload the cause of peaco, roconcilintion, and brothorliood, through equal rights nud ovon jus. tica,~thus completing the falness of his ldeal, IS RLOQUENGE. Wit a pecullar powor of fagoination thers was in him an'a publio man | It acted much through his elo- quonce, but not through his eloquenco alono, Hia speech waa not a graceful fiow of melodious poriods, now drawing on the liatonor with tho persuasiva fons of confidentlsl conversation, then carrying him slong ‘with a moro rapid rush of thought and languaga, and at last lfting bim up with the peals of resson in passion, His srguments marched forth at onco i grave and stately urray ; his sontences liko rows of imassive dorio columns, unrollovad by plosing varioty, sovera and {mposing, His arations, ospocial- ly those pronounced in the Senato before tho ‘War, con- tnin many passages of grand beauty, Thero was noth- ing kindly porsussivo in his spoccli; his reasoning ap. pearod in the form of consecutivo assortlon, not ol om ntrictly logicsl and irresistibly strong, " iia ap- flnall ‘wera ulways addressed to the nobleat instinets of uman nature, 1lia specch was never onlivensd by anything like wit or humor. Thoy wero foreigu to his naturo, * Ho hing neyor boex guilty of a fush of irony or sArcasm. ‘weapon was mot the foll, butthe Lattle-ax, Ho Lios” ofton Leen accused of boing unobaritable to opponents in debate, and of wounding thelr feolings wita uncalled-for haralinesa of lunguage, Ho was gullty of that, but 1o man wus lcss consuious of tho stiuging foreo of his language than he, Ife was often sorry for the effects his thrusts had producod, but, being al #0 firmly and hunestly perauaded of 'the torroctneas of Lis own opinions that ho could scarcely ovar spprociato the opintons of an opponent, Lo fell juto the sumo fault’ agun, Not seldom Lo sppoared ovorboaring in hfs os- sumptions of suthority, but it wss the impori- ousnoss of profound ' convictlon, which, while sometimes exasperating his hearers, yot scarcoly ever fuiled to exeroiso over them o certalnaway, His fancy waa not, fortile, his figurcs moutly laborod ond atifl, In bifs lator yeata his vast learning bogan to become an incumbering burdon to his cloquonce, The masy of quoted saylngs and bistorieal illustsations, not seldom uccumuluted beyoud mcasuroand grotesquély grouped, sometiinea threatenod to sutfocate all original thought, aud to oppress tho bearor. Dut even then hid words scarcoly evor fullod to chain the attention of the audionce, and I huve wore thun onco seen the Sonate attentively lstening whilo ko read frem printe «ad allps the most claborate disquisition, which, if ate tempted by any ono of his colleagues, would at once hiave cmptied the floor and galleries, But thors wero wlwaye moments wheu he recalled to our ming the dnys of his freshiest vigor, standing in the midst of tho great strugglo, lifting up tho youth of the country with heart-stirring sppeals, and, with the lion-tike thunder of his voice, shaking tho Senste-Chamber, A GRAND AANiOUD, Bl thore was auother sourco from which that fascination eprung, Bobind afl ha said and did there At o graud wanhood, which never fuiled to make dtuelf felt, What a figure te wus, with his tall and stul. wart (rame, bis manly faco, topped with hiv shaggy 1ocks, his noblo boariug, the fincat. typo of Amorleun Sennforship, the taliest' ouk of tho forcst, And how small thoy appeared by his sldo, tho common run of voliticlsus, who spend tholr days with the laying of pl]g)a. and sotting up of pius, and the pulling of wires ; Who' barter an ofiico 10 kecuro this vote, snd pracute o contract to d not per- get that; who stand slwnys with thelr cars 10 nd to hear how 10 Aduwlnistration sneozes, and what thelr constituents ‘whisper, in mortal tropldution lest thoy fall In belng all things to overybody, How e stood among tham, 16 whose very presence made Jou forget the vulgarie ties of political lifo; who dared to ditfor with any man evor 80 powerful, snd multitude ever 80 numgrous ; who rogarded party s nothing but s meaus for Ligher ouda, and for thoso ondu dofied {ta power ; to whom tho orts of domagoglsm wora so contemptiblo, that ho ‘would ratner have sunk into obsourlty sud ‘oblivion thau doscend to them ; to whom the” dignity of his oftico was &0 sacred that he would not even ask for it for fear of darkening its lustro, Lionor to the peop e of Al chusetts, who, for twenty-threo years, kopt in tho Senste, and would huvo kept him thoro aver &0 long, Lad Le fived, & men who never, oven to them, concedod a single fota of his couvictious in ordor to romain there, And what a lifo wan hisl A lifo so wholly devoted to what was good and noble! Theres bo stood, In the midst of tho gmlg}nz ‘materlalisth of our timos, sround bim tho eager ohis forthe alinfghity doilar, no thought of opportunity aver entoring tho smallost corner of Lis mind, und disturbiug bfa bigh endoavora; with & virtuo which the possession of power could ‘not ovon tempt, much loau dobauch ; from whoss predence the vory thought of corruption instiuctively ‘shirank back ; a life 0 un spotted, an fntegrity #o intact, s charactorso high, Hhat thio ot darin news'of calumuy, tho mosl wuntou sudacity of inainu stundiug on tiptoe, could not touck the soles of Lis 088, They esy that ho indulgod in overweoning solf-appro- clation, Xyl, ho did have a magnificent pride, a lofty self-eatcem. ~ Why ehould ho not? et wretches las thomaolvos, for they havo good reason to do #0; not he, But in his nolf-satoem there waa nothing small and mean; uo man lived to whose very nature envy and petty Joalousy wero moro forelgn. Conscious of "hia ‘own ~merit, he never deprociated { merit of others; nay, he recognizod it, and oxprouscd that recognition with that cordial spoutunoity whish Cesn ol fow from a ltnunru aud unenvious heart, 1ils pride of seif was 1lko his prido of country, Ile was the proudest Ameri~ can; Lio wis the proudost New Englander ; and yot e ‘was tho mout cosmopolitau Auierivsn I have evor seen, Thoro was in lifm not tho faint dow of that nar- row projudica which looka askance at what has grown in foreign lande. HIs genvrous hoart and his onlight- ened anII ‘wero too geuorous and oo enlightened not 1o give the fullest mieasurs of appreolution to sl that wak good and worthy, from whutever quarter of tho globs 1t canie, 18 T0A And now bis home! Thero aro those around me ‘who have breathied the air of his house {n Wasbington Ztunt atmosphure of refuement, ucholaruip. art, Triendsbip, sud warm-beurtod Loupltality: thoy have s06n thowy rooine 00vorod and tllad with e plousres 1w ongraviuge, his stutues, Lls bronzes, his book an rare wmsnuscripte,—tho colloations of & Lfetime,—the fuunyo of (he rioutioss of Dy mind, the comfort, and coprolation of hin olltudo, They have beheld his hildlike amile of satlafuction when he unlocked Ex.flmqn prectous of bis treasures and " 4oid thi a:'y'nnmbummvmmu o ki Mosplla board, gonlally fnspired and dirccted by bim, gt By books, and {nventions, and grest things, nud groat mon,—~whon suddonly sometimes, by acol~ dant, a iow mine of curlowa knowledgo waa discov- ora'in him, which friends lind nover know ko pos- acanod, or whou su_outburat of tho gontlenosu of his soul wanonod all hosrors around llin, Tucy romembor Lis craving for friondship a8 it apoko througl the {ar-outateotclied hand whon you sr- rlved, and ia glad cxclamation, I am #o bappy you eamo," and the besceoling, nimoat dorpondent fono whontyou doparted, “Do notJoavo” ma yot; do sty 8 whilo longor, I watit so much Lo spoak with you!” "It {a all gononow, He conld not stay himself, and ho hina loft L friends behind, fooling moro dveply than ever that no man conld knbw bin woll bt to 1ove him, AT kAT, Now we have Inld hin: into his gravo, fn tho mothers Jy follof Muasachuratts wilch wan a0 doar, to_ bim, o ia at reat now, tho stulwart, bravo old chmplon, whosa faco and baring wara #o nustore, and Whoeo ‘hourt waa 6o full of tondorncss ; who boghn his carcer with o patbotlo pios for univorfal poace: and_charlly, and whoss wholo 1ife was un atduous, inceasant, uever. rosting struggley widon Teft him all coverad with nears, And we can do riothing for him but romombor hia lofly idonla of Liborty, aud equnlity, aud juatico, and rocons cillation, snd phrity, sud tho oarnostnoss, and cours ago, und'touching fdolity with which bo fought for thioin ; #0 gonuluo ju i sincority, so slnglo-hatded {n hug zal, os hieroto in his dovatio O (liat wo could but for ono pliort hour eall him w from'his cofin, to lot him neo with thio ssmo oyoa swhicl #aw ro much hostility, that those who stood againet i o tho struggles of bis lifo are Ll cnomica 1o Tongor W would show him tho fruit of tho confiicla and sufforings of his Inst throo yonrs, and thot hie had not atruggled and suffered in vain, Wo would bring bofors him, not only those who from offond: partisun zoal aseatlod’ him, and who now with dorrowful loarts prawo 'tlio purity of s patriotism; but Wo would bring to him that man of the Houth, & slaveholdor and o leader of Bocession in his time, echo of whose words, spoken in the halls of tho Cupitol wo heard but yesterdny— words of respact, of gratitudo, of tendoriicss, Thiat man of the Bouth should tlion o whst Lo duplored ot to invo dono whilo o livod; ha sbould lay his band upon tho ahoulders of the old friond of the human kind, and say to him, “In ft_you whom I hated, and ‘who, I thought, hated mo? I havo learned now the gredtness sud thagusnimity of your soul, and hore T offer you my hand snd heart,” Could ho but soo with tliose eyes ao weary of conten- tlon and s.rife, how contentodly would lie close thent aRaln, haviug beneld the groatncss of hia yiotorien] THE LESGON OF 118 LIFE. Poopls of Massachiucotta] hia wos th son of your woll, {n which o now slocps ; but ho fe_not all your owil. Ho belongs toall of uain tho North and i tho Boufls,—to tho Uiacks Lo holped to make free, and fo the whites ho strove to mako brothers again, Let. on 1hio gravo of him whom 6o many thought tobe thelr enoiny, And_ found to bo thoiz friond, the hands ba clasped which sobitterly warred againat each othor, Lot upon thut grave the youth of Amorica bo taught, by tho story of Lis lifo, that not only geniue, power, and sucoess, but, moro fhan these, patriotio dovotion’ and virtuo make'thio greatness of {ho oltizen, If this les- son bo underatood, moro than Chorlos’ Sumner's Jiv- ing word conld have dono for tho glory of America will ba doue by the fuapiration of his gfln‘ cxample, And it will triily bo safd that, although Lis body loa mouldoring in the cartl, yot, tn_tho sssured rightu of all n the brotheriiod of a founiled_ people wad na ‘purifiod republic, he still ives, and will livo forover, pesilaed e doi THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. To the People of the Northuwest : It Is right that tho peoplo of the United Btates should kuow that the day and yoar which oloses tho contury of American Indopendonce—July 4, 1876—will be commomorated with ceremonies oxpressivo of tho gratitude and pride of a grent hation ; and, in nccordnnce with the act of Congroas of Juno 1, 1872, which croated the Boord of Finance, the following report is mado over tho sigunturo of the Prosidont of tho Board: * Tho original lnw of Congross, enacted March 8, 1871, provided for ‘'the colebration of tho Centonnial of American Independonce by an in- tornational exhibition of tho arts, manufacturos, and natural rosourcos of this and other coun- trios, undor tho auspices of the. Government of tho United Statos.” And tho act of June 1, 1872, fixed tho capital to completo this proat commemoration at $10,- 000,000, which waa by the Commissioners appor~ tioned smong the soveral States and Torrito- rios on tho bnssis of population. Of (his pum, the Btate of Pennsylvania alone, aided by a subacription of $100,000 from tho Btato of Now Jeraey, haa roisad, in tho form of subscriptions to the alook aud by npgmpmuona trom its Logislature and the Councils of Phila- dolphiin, about 84,000,000, or nenrly one liif tha nmount uecessary to insure succoss, This pro- visiou baving been mado, desigus for suituble buildings wore approved, and otlher proliminary and iucidental ariangements have so far sd- vancod as to justify an immediato commenoo- ment of the work of constiuction, The Cummisaioners have appealed to the Con- gress of tho Unitod Btates, on tho basis of those subscriptions, appropriations, and proparatians, to maintain the spirit of tho two laws above ro- ferrod to, and the corrospondenco of the Stato Dopartmont with foreign powers Las_induced tho Goveruments of tho Notherlands, Belgium, Bwitzerland, Gormany, 8wedon, Liborin, Hqua- dor, tho Argentine Canfedoration, Chili, Mozico, Haytl, nnd tho Sandwich Islands, to oxpross their intontion to participato, and thoy have eyv- ery ronson to believe that thus appeal to Congross will b gencrouely responded to. Bubscuiptions to the stock bavo also beon mado by fudividuals in tho Btatos snd Territorics of Mifssouri, Illinois, Nebraska, Montans, Indison, Novada, Oregon, Onlifornis, Louislans, Florids, Maryland, Obip, Wisconsin, Michigan, Arizons, New Jorsoy, Delaware, Rhode Island, Arksnsas, Alabama, New York, Virginia, fowa, and Knnsas. Such 1n brief 18 tho condition of tho organiza- tion for the ioternationnl commemoration of tho close of tho contury of American indopend- enco, ‘Lhe Clty of Philadolphis was selected as the most fitting loculity at which to celebrate the birth of Aworican indogendence for tho ronsona : 1, That from Philadelphin tho Magns Charta of human lberty, the immortal Doclaration, was uttered, Tue buildings in which tho Conven- tion sat romained substsntially as they wero on that bistoric day; sud 2. Of all tho poiuts of -Rovolutionary intercat, Philadeipbiu is tho most central nnd acecasiblo to the wuolo councry. It is tho Ropublic's colo- g“t%un of its birthday at tho very place of its irth. ‘I'ho Finnnco Board earnostly urge thoir follow- nountrymen to Leep in mind the great fact that slio ovout to bo commemorated s the grandest aud most momentous in history ; that the com- momoration is to take the form of an exlubition of tuo stupendous progross made by the Amer- ican people in tho first hundrod yonrs of their indopendence, in_everything rolating to the natural rosourcos of the country and their de- velopmont, aud, ospesially, its progress in thoso industries, arty, and iustitutions whioh benofit mankind, How diversified are the objects which mnst ontor into thas exhibition—low vast the build- mqu and the space required to presont thom with full effect, oro suggestions that noed ouly to be montioned to briug Lome to’evory American the ovlossal moguitudo of the undortsking. Congider for a moment the industrles, pro- ducts, and devices necossary to an adequato ox- rl’eau ion of the progross of your own Btuto, and Lio spaco that will bocsaontial to their full pro- sontation, and you can hardly fail to porceive shat your State alono will roquire an aren in tho oxbibltion buildings and grounds equal to that occupied at Viennw by England or Fravce. Thisis true of not less than ten of the older Btates, Tho othor twenty-sevon States and ten ‘Lorritorics will ench of thom require epace in proportion, ‘That tho stock of tho Contennial Board of Fi- nanco might be within the reach of every citizen, tho Congress of the United Btatos fixed every shuro oo 10, which wiil be roprosontod by a handsomo stool-ongraved certiflcate, oxacuted by the Irensury Depurtmont of the Govaroment, ond fittingly dosigned in commemoration of the ovout, ‘Uhe Board in _solicting subscriptions to its stock feel nssured that thora s & patriotio des filrol to rondor the oxhibition worthy of tho co- casion, Notics i hereby given that chocka and drafts cau bo addrossed” to the Tinancial T'rensurer, Fredorlok Fraloy, No. 904 Waluuc street, Phila- dolphia, for any numbor of shares, st $10 each, and corusficates of stock will bo promptly re- turned, Tho International Bxhibition will tom- muenco on tho 10th of April, 1876, and close on tho 10Lh of Octobor, 1870 The undersigned, Presidont of the Board of Finnuce, spealing for his colleagues, and, he bo- lieves, for tho groat body of the American poo- fle' does not doubt the auswer of that people (o his earnost appeal. ‘Lhoy are not unmindful of tho patriotio interest in tho Centeunial of their own independenca, nor of the high duty of hon- arinfi it as it desorves, Pluladelphis, the scene of the immortal Doclaration, not ouly in the old ball whera it was writton, aud whonco It was pro- olaimed, but in tho oxtensive Park whore tho ox- Libition i to bo held, sacred as tho resort of Washington aud the Rovolutionary worthies, has given many tines her sharo to the momo~ rinl, It ia not her celebration—itintho nation’s. mntor{ hag simply dosignatod that clty as the apot whoro tho uatlonal “sontiment can” bo his- torically exproesod, Evory other city and Stato is inupired by the samo sontiment. Every man and woman, North sud South, is stirred by tho samolmpulse, Al tho pooples of tho oarth aro earnost spectators aud studonts of our progross, ‘Ihe work, thoreforo, 1 at onco national aud intornational. It roachos every olass and every intorest. It will bo tho most yomarkable oomi- parison and 1n|.omnm¥u of ideas and luventiony, of art and soence, of the produots of tho earth tho brain, and the hands—the mosb frlendly and complete’ lntercourss betwesn the raosa of all gountries in modern olvillgation, to bolleve that any portion of th will hoslt and Am.r:m;{om‘ to to unito in whatis s ::ro?l‘::gzl” 3 & pacrod obligation, I Presidont “E““ Centennial l!:lnrs :y ;fi:}u. .THE MOON'S DISTANCE. Why Different Values Have Boon A signed by Astronomers, Tho Important Problem Solved, Astronomy 18 ofton spoken of ag an exact golonco, Itis ontitlod to thoe name, by virtuo ot tho rigorous oxactnoss of its xossoniogs § but acarcoly Eo with rogard to all its cone olusions, Tho facts of apparont position at any agsignod timo and placo can be stated with & vory olose approximation to tho'truth, and 8 great many ratlos of distanco have boon os- tablished. But there is yet room for groat im. provemont in the important itoms of sotual dl. monslon and distanco, Astronomets aro not yof ontiroly agroed in thelr opinlons as to the exact furm and size of the earth. They diffor to tho extent of fully one pirt Ip 2,000 of the whole in thalr ostimatea of tho dis. touco of the moon ; by ono part in 200 in the distanco of the sun ; and by a atill greator por- centago In the nctual distances of those few of the fixed atara which presont & gulf botwoon us aud them that appears to bo susceptiblo of mon suroment. Theso difforonces involve equally grost percentages of error in lincal dimension, and much groater {n the eatimntos of volume and mads, And this satoment doos not refor ta comparisons of rocont estimatos with those of a l;uudxed yoars ago, but to thoso of tho prosont ay. It may be thought that the sclonce of as tronomy bias progrossed mo far towards exaoti. tudo that wo ought to bo agreed as to tho dis tance of our noxt-door neighbor—the moun, Yei the statomonts of distance do not agree to within moro than 100 miles. Leaving out of tho mo. count tho round number, 240,000 miles, given f many of the text books, the lateat statomonts of monn distance vary from 238,790 to 239,000 tiles, " If wo taka the onrth’s moan equatorial radius, of 8,962.0 milos, as the uuit, thon tha moon's distance is the ocosecant of the parallax, or of tho anglo which that radiue sub- touds, wheu two straight lines, drawn from ita oxtromities, meot at tho contre of the moon, Tho valuo of thia angle is found by making nesrly simultancous obaorvatione of the moon's pori tion from difforent points on tho carth's surfaco, By comparison of numerous obsorvations, chiefly thoso made at Groenwich and tho Cape of Good Hopo, the following values of the moan arallax in Beconds of are, bave. been doduced: anson, tho computor of tho colobrated Tablos do Ia luno, 8,410.567 ; Airy, the prosont Dritish Astronomor Ttoysl, 5,424.94 ; Burg (with Borlin observations added), 8,421; Hendorson, 3,421.8 3 Adoms, tho discovorer of Neptune, 8,429,875, and subsoquantly §,422.7, The distanco do- croases about.70 miles for an incroase of one gocond in the paratlax. ‘I'ho differoncos in theso results ars conso- quences of orrors of observation, which cannot be avoided ot present; to uncontrollable chianges in the positiona of the inatruments, duo to changes of tomperaturo aud to surface vibra~ tions ; and to difforeuces in the measuro of tho baso lino between tho two observatorios, There ara two othor oloments .in the problem which will cnable us to eliminate the error from theso computations: ¥ 1, Tho attraction of the moon upon the oqua- torinl protubersnce of the carth causos the oarth's axis to natate (or nod) to the exteut of 9.22 goconds around tho mean place, Tho ox. tont of this movement is obtainad by obaorva- tion. Now, it is proven by caloulstion that this quantity of nutation fnvolves tho fact that with & paraliax of 8,423.7, tho wolght (maus) of tha moon would bo to that of tho earth as 1 to 81,5, wearly; and that hor mass for any other dis- tance must be proportional to the ocuboof the cosecant of tho parallax. Hor mass must ba reator than 1 by 81.6 if the distanco bo groater glmn that duo to the parallax of 8,422.7 seconds. 2, The fall of the moon towards tho earth, from the tangeat lino to the curve of the orbit, i duo to tho sum of tho attractions of tho carth ond moou. The aarth alono attracts » body, at hor equatorial surface, with a forco equal to that roquired to produco n fallof 16.10003 foot in tho fitgt second of time, If to tlus we add the pro- portionato quantity due to tho moon's attractive force, which is equal to her masa compared with that of tho oarth, and then divide tho umount by the square of the cosecant of tho paraliaz, wa obtain tho total thoorotioal fall of tho moon from tho tangent lina to the curvo of the orbit, in ench second of Uime. This (‘\lmmdty is dimin. Ished by one part in 857.45, by tho pexiurbing st~ traotion of the sun. Novw, this last noted quantity musat agroo with the actual difference betwoon ths tangont and tho ourvo, which is casily calonlated. It Is equal to tho diameter of the mean orbit, in fost, mul- tipliod Into tho square of 8.14169, and that pro- duct divided by the square of the number of saconds of time in one sidoroal revolution of tho moon. The result evidently inoreases in direct proportion to the diameter of tho orbit, An increnso of one sccond of aro m tho parallax, giving areduction of 70 miles in the distanco, would involve a decrease iu tho total attractive force, equivalont to that wlich would regult from & diminution of tho moon's mass by nearly oue-fortioth part of the whols. Whon wo take as ourunit tho lutoat deter- mination of the earth's mean equatonial radius, 20,924,190 foet, or 8,962.01 milos, wo find that tho only values that will givo a balanco of thoso quautities of force and distonco are the follow- ing: Mean equatorial parallax, seconds Boan djitanco, miice .. Afasa of moon to earth, as, N ;i From thoso valuos wo may obtaln ng ¢ Diameter of moon, miles, Volume of moun 10 earth eve 5,420,07 +208,073 . 11061,38 tho follow~ . 2,100,85 110404 Density, oarth Leing the un 0.60i4 Diatauce of centre of orbit froi centre, miles. . . 13,1218 Moan dfstance of ceutre of gravity from arth's COUFO, milEBsen sussenereensiuers 3000,88 I may add tbat the lust noted quautiy, which is tho exteut to which the moou pushes tho esrth away from her average d;fllco in the orbit, is Luown to aubtend an angle of 6.63 seconds at tho sun's This would give 91,770,000 miloa for tho a distance of the oarth from the sun, or & parallux of 8,907 scoonds. This doterminatlon (which has » posstble orror of not more than 70,000 miles olthor way) is probably as near the trutu as any that will be obtafued from observations of tha tranait of Vonus on tho 8th of next Desembor. ‘Tho valuo of the lunar’ parallax shut is now ‘most gonorally accepted { that rocently deduced by Mr, Adams from tho observatiohs mado by Mr. Brocn at tha Capo of Good Hope, comblned with those made a: European obscrvatories. This (3422.7) differs by . little more than two seoonds from the value I have deduced, and iuvolves & lineal differeuce of aoout 140 miles, Buch sn oxtensive change should not be pro- posed without good reason. Capt. Olark, R. N,, bas rocently proved from sn exhaustivo disoussion of the pendulum- observations and tho measures of arcs of tho moridian, made within the last century, that tho earth's equatorial ourve is nol & clrcle, but sn ellipse, the major somi-diamoter of whick lying in {lis longitude of 14 dograca 23 minutes enst from Gieenwich, and 4 dogroes 6 minutes weat from tho Capo of Good Hopo, ia 20,926,432 feet, or 8,903,3 milos. The minor semi-oxis, which is st right angles with the former, 8 20,921,098 feet, or 38,002.5 milos, Tho polar radius s 20,854,865 feut, or 8,040.7 miles, Tho observations from which the parallax bad been deduced, havo thus becn modo noar the plaue of the groatest moridian, whioh curves more than the aversge moridian, and therofore gives an angle which is greater than the truo oue. Per forming tho rather todious caloulation, I find that tho sum of the geocentrio Iatitudes’ of the Oape and Greenwich {s 80,45 seconds lons than would be obtainod from the same values of guagnpbianl latitudo, on tho ordinary supposfs ion that tho oerth {8 & truo oblata s lioroid § and tho ratlo which tha distsnce in & rlght Jine botwoon the twvo stations boars to the radius of tho onrth is 0.0001 less than that obtained in the usual way. Hero, then, we havo a faot which enablas us to ncoount for & considorable art of the dis- crapancy betweon the value of the paraliax de- duced from qbservation of thoe dlaplacement alone, and that obisined by & comparison of all tha ofoments whioh form couditions of tho ime portaut problem, And, inasmuch as the disorepe auoy cannot be accountod for in any other the rosult furnishes strong corroborative evie dence thas the oarth's oquator is elliptical, and BOL an axad oirels a tha sen Loy, A Cozanwy 4