Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, April 4, 1874, Page 4

1 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE:. SATURDAY, ‘APRIL 4, 1874 THE CONNECTICUT ELECTION. Speculations as {o the Result of o Voto Next Monday. The United States Senatorship the Principal Bone of Contention. The Senatorial Candidates of the Two Porties, and Their>Prospeots. Correspondence af The Chicago Tribuns, Iantronn, Conn,, March 30, 1874,. A wook from to-dny will witness tho annual olection, Tho Administration can nalways fool the pulso of tho nation through the elections in Conneetiout, Froo, for thio most part, from tho direct {vfluonces of tho Government, such ng Custom-1Iouses, Navy-Yards, and tho like; hav- Ing Jarge manufacturing intercste, and & peoplo modoratoly indopendent and of ordinary good senso,~if tho Administration doos not conduct things docently and in order, it is very likely to soo manifostations of displeusure in tho returns from Conneoticut. 'Theronro sovoral side-lesucs inyolved in the prosont campaign, but not such, takon all in al, a8 will porcoptiblyaffect tho fiual result, The Ropublicans onter the campaign with AS GOOD A YLATFORM aa could, undor the prosent circumstancos, woll be devised. It denounces fraud in public officos, nod commends woll-tried and undoubted honesty a8 the primo requisite for candidates. 1t doos not ventnro to roprove tho Admintstration, but, upon that topic, presorves an ominous silonco; norhasit a word to say commondatory of Its party, Tho Ropublican press is laboring to con- vinco the peoplo that to indorso this platform does not indorso or lond any support to tho porby ot Washington. This is o now departure in political suasion; and its novoity, togothor with the new and over-increasing revolations at . Washington, rather staggers tho pross of tho Btate. They have the further disadvantage of opposing the parly now in power; for, however small may bo that item, it is cortainly on ndvan- tago to tho Domocrats, sustained, ns thoy are, by record of economy and excellont manngomont tho pust yoar, The Republican Convention were unanimous for Govoruor, aud MERF I8 WHENE TIE RUB COMES. There is & rupture of long atanding botween the Ropublicans of Hartford nnd of Now Havou. New Iavonors rogard Mr, Harrison as a rare man for candidate, and they nover intended to put him up to bo shot at. They brought him for- ward Inst year when tboy thought s election comparatively suro; but ITartford stepped for- ward with Houry P. Iavon, of Now Loudon. Now, Hayon withdrew their man, bolted the clec- tion, and defoated tho Hariford candidate vory hadly, This year Hartford brings forward Mr, “Harrfgon out of spite. Tho New London scctlon will not work very hard for im, Hartford does uob seem very anxious for his succoss, and New Iaven can scarcely olect him alone. Tho con- duot of the Govornment sinco the nominatlg Lag Deon most damaging to MMr, Hurrison's chancos. The Butlor-Simmona affair and the moioty systom—the first through sympathy and the last through sufforing—have ench had their effoct iu tho Btato; tho Rupublicans havo. be- comp onorvated, sud the Domacrats quickened sud hopotul. - THE TENPERANOE FOLES have a man i tho field who oxpects to poll 3,000 or 4,000 votes. Tho Tomperauce-fovor of tho West hus not reached Connceticut, and the party is nob o great denl stronger now than it was o 'yoor ago., Tho' Vemocrats like good rum, and plonty of it; aud, whntovor may ba tho emporanco voto this spring, two-thirds of it u: lenst may bo counted out of the Ropublican party, . ngz, to balance these, thero is & DISAFFECTED ELEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIO PARTY. . Joames Gallaghor, an ox-Mayor of New Havon, and formerly s man of #omo influence, has Licked out of the traces. Ho runa s small nows- paper in Now Haven, and ofposcs Gov. Inger- soll with groat bitlerness. Tho ignorant and the poor aro his etrong hold; so ho brands Mr. Ingorsoll ns an aristocrnt and o hater of labor-reform. He would not bo of muach acconnt ordinarily; but, in o Stato as closoly contestod as this Stato always is, ho is an clement' worth coneidoring, ‘f'lbo Domocrats acknowledgo that ho will carry at least from 400 to 600 votes, whilo the Republicans thiuk he witl carry o much larger number, Five hundred votais changing sides would have changed tho aspect of almost any election in this Stato sinco tho War, whils wo somotimes couat 100 mujorily on n.voto of 90,000; which is gemng things down to & remarkubly fine poiut, The Gallagher vote, then, is worth counting. It is o very fair offset to the mlmn-n omong the Republicane ; 0 that, taken all in all, the Administration may rend in the elecsion noxt week about how much ona Btate thinks of it. The Democrats feel confident of A CLEAR MAJORITY OVER ALL, Thoe Ropublicnus are uot ready to concedo thia quito yet, though thoy expect o plurality vote in favor of tho Damocrats, sud hopathoe final chioica will be thrown into tho Legislature. We might oxpoct this if tho Temperance patty drew as heavily from the Democrats as they do from the Republicans, which is not tho case, But thero is nothing exciting beforo the State =t present, and nobody caves who is Governor, or who will k2. The atanding conundrum is, Whois tobo the next Bonator? The Benator is, of course, choson by & joint bailot of tho Leglslature, and a word on that body would bo of interest. Connocticut is, I'think, tho only Stato which hes preserved intact tho old Colonial satyle of ropresontation. 'Ihe Sonato is made up upon an xflapmxlmstu basis of equality; but tho Lower ouso is mmlmm“] of two Ropresontatives from each town. This rule is varied only in case of thoso fow towns which have been made from ono or more other towns sinco the year 1845, if that bo the exact dato; and such new towna aro on- titlod to only ono Representative. By this plan, a town liko Union, with its 500 iuhabitants, bng a8 many votes in tho Lower Houso as a town like New Ilaven, with its 60,000 inhabitants. ‘Ihis is what tho cities catl tho z BOTTEN-BOROUGI STBTE, and they do any quantity of useless grumbling ubout it., As unjust as it may scom, it has its ad- voautagoes. It brivgs o denl of dond wood iuto tho Assombly, but it makes a consorvalive body, and one which gonorally acts with i sensos about it, "Wo kuow what it means whon we henr of tho liboral use of mouey in the small towus, for a differonco of five or ten votey in some of them ofton makes & difforeuce of two votes in the Logislature, It is nearly twenty yeara since the Domocrnoy of Conneaticut have hind the ploasnro of elocting o Umited Btates Bonator, owover, they count tho noxt Sonator ag theirs, and not without some repson, On the part of the Ropublicans we might montion four probablo candidates, pro- vided thoy should secure tho Legislaturo: Gon, Joseph IR, Iawley, present Ropresentative in Cougress from thiv Diktrict; ex-Gov, Marshall P, Jowell, at prosont United Stutos Minister to Russin ; tho Hon, Homry B, Ilarrison, Republi- can condidate for Governor; and the presout incumbent, tho Hen, Willlam A, Buckinghum, On the annrul principlo of lato, that thoso who ure farthiost from Washington are thoe moat pop- ular, wo should say that I, JEWELL'S OHANCES aro a8 {avorablo ns any one's; which is probably quite true, Ilo was a}ways popular botora tho poople, and he hna nome sLrong politieal backers, who will loolk after Lis intorosts whon the timo cowmes round, ‘There has boou no stir mado as yeot, tand his namo Lias not boen ‘mbuolv mon- tionod in connection with it; but ho will cor- tainly appenr if thero should bo & falr showing for lis success; and, if Lo does nppoar, his ntrongth will loom up in groator proportions than Lis oppononty aro awsro of. MR, HADRIFON is the popnlar mau in Now Haven, and that soo- tion w?ll make a strong night for blin, A Now Huyener swears by Mr, Liarrison, by daylight und dark, e is strongor there than in “othor parts of the Btate, and would not bo moutioned ng the man moab likely to bo elovated to tho position, Thero fs no man in tho Biato who would ho moro delighted with the houor thuy would GEN, HAWLEY, There lu little fear that ho would disgrace tho piaco, and it iis tho regrot of many good pooplo ihat he ouutd nat roplaco some of thoso loss worthy, Dut olag for the Goneral! ho las drwwn down upon himsell the ubiding wrath of o Now Havon wing of his party ; snd wo mny wponk of his Bonatorship as ono of tho things: which ate not, but might have boou, New Haven enn count u‘mn ton or fifleen ballota in tho Gon. ornl Assombly, aud that will earry tho balance of power in nlmost any emorgeney, aud upon no omorgenocy moro purcly than againpt Mr, Iaw- ley. e holds Lin position in tho Ilouse by an nvorwhulmlnfi mniurll.y of tho oloctors of his dlstrict; and, whilo’lt ds ncarcoly worth his while to nluke ‘n strika for tho Houato, his stny in the Houso may bo pros tractod " vory much to his own plensure, Mr. Uawloy was looking for the Honatorship threo yonrs ngo, It was supposod, s n mattor of courso, that, in casa Mr. Jowoll wna eleotold Govornor, Mr, ilnvloy wonld take Mr. Forry's plnoo in tho Sonato; "bus his Now Haven oppo- nonts enoked up o bolt which dofoatod him wlon o supposed tha honor wes alrendy his, THE ION, WILLIAM A, BUCKINGIAS, the present incumbent, has hithorto boon connt- o wpon ns tho most probablo man for the placo; ‘but auothor week like tho weole just past, and . Mr, Buckingham will bo wound up most effectu- ally, Ho hina n war-yrecord of which every son of Conncectiout ia proud. Illo carried tho Btato {hrough tho War most succossfully, boing Gov- oruor for olght consecutive yoars: and it wna with gront plonsuro thnb tho Loglalas ture, nt tho ocloso of , tho war, rolioved him forom his Gubernatorial dutios, anmd gont him to the Unitad Btates Bounto. Tho good peoplo of Coungotiout had como to look upon Gov, Buckinghdin as_incapablo of wroug; but & enspleion lins galned crodenco for » wook past, that tho fmmous War-Govornor lns becomo “sffected by tho malatia which provails about Washiogton; and that, whils Lio muy not, por- Bops, bevo enrichiod fumuolf from tho publio funds, yot that ho has sullered some iuroads to Do mado upon his virtuo, to tho end that ho might strongthon his chancos for re-oloction, s ideas on tho currsncy quostion aro not very well dofined; bis condiiet in the Butlor-Sim- mons nffair i8' not at ol acceptablo to his con- stitnoncy ; o rajses no clarlon-voico for reform, though witnessing overy day innumorable irreg- aularities, which aro stifling " tho succoss of his party, aud nausonting to tho public sense. But that is not allof it: Now Ilnvon entored the campaign with the very sensiblo dutormination of making n strong fight on tho_Stato ticket, and cnrrylnig that, and tho Goneral Assombly wit it, it possible, To tho qnml disgust of Now Lavon, AMr, Buckingham's friondsare forestalling events inhisfavorin thecasternsoction of thoState. Alr. Buckinghom is a great friond of tho Now London Oustom-Louso Collector, who may be spoken of a8 the most, if ot the only, enthusinstic Ropub- -liecrn in the Btate. It is said that monoy is bong used in tho small' towns; nud, to make bad worasg, it is suspeetod to come from Butler, in cousidoration of favors rocoived. 'Now, Now Havyon Lhinks that Mr. Harrison s being ne%- lected all this while, sndshois grently disgustod. Ir all thoso things shonld prove true, as they ara now suspoetod, and if, under such cirounstauces, Sonator Buckinghau should bocome tho no- Inowledgzed candidato n second time, Now Havon would scarcoly become n party to sucl johbor!y. Dbut would much moto ljkely pay bor reapoects o lior son Harrison, by way of & complimentary voto, and allow 3r. Buckingham to bo defeated. The syspiclons may not bo founded in fact; in which ease Mr, Buckingham's chances nro vory good,—mmong the best; but, if timo should strougthon tno suspicious, wo may speak of Senator Buckingham ny {wllllcnlly ead,—quito dend,—dead a8 & door-nail. T'ho Domocrats are not blessed with #o many candidates for tho Sonatorship, or porbaps it i 5 Dlossing that thoy aro nob. _Thoy hiavo but threo probablo candidatos: W. W. Laton, Gov. Charles R, Ingersoll, ond William IL. Baruuw, excepting TIE HON. Il D, NUDDARD, who might Lo mentioned in case & compromise shonld bocomo nucessary. Mr. Hubbard is tho man, above all_others in tho party, most worthy of the oflico. But ho is one of tliose raro mon, in theso days, Who will not say n word, or spond o dollar, in his own behalf, Mo has sorved ouo torm in'Congress, aud rofised Lo roturn. Onro- loss of llo]illc:ll lionors, Lo is ono of the most uccomplished of sohiolars, and, boyoud quostion, tho best Inwyer, in the Btato. It i to bo rogrot- ted that, if thonoxt Senator is to bo o Domocrat, it oould not bo Mr, Ifubbard, THE HON. WILLIAM H. DARNUM, Reprosontalive in Congress, has beon montlons cd, but only in connection with his vast monoyed intlucnce, "He i8 vory shrowd in business. ile is interested in nenrly all the iron furnaces enst of the Hudson, With what truth I know not, but Lis incomo at_ono time during tho War was re- gux‘:ed to bo 31,000 » dny. 1t i8 casy to soo that Mr. Barnum would be n stroiig man shoula o sca it to step to tho front, when moncy is 8o im- portanta feature in all our eloctions. ~ Mr. Bar- numn has not been sorionely mentioned, though Lie may bave his oyo on tho mark, after all. t GOV, INGERSOLL is n more eligiblo candidato. 1o is a carofnl may, He hay mado a good Governor, and would undoubtedly mako o good Senator. Whethor Mr, Ingersoll becomes Senator or not, donends upon the sbading of the Legislaturo, Should it be Democratic by a small umiurity. Mr., Ingorsoll is tho coming mnn; should it bo Demoacratio strongly,—~strong boyond ell manner of doubt or shadow of turning,—the coming man is WILLIAM W, EATON, OF HARTFORD, Tnis s tho gontloman whom the Springfleld [ publican used to speak of as * the emocratic War-Horso of Counocticut.” Mo iy ono of thoso radical, rabid, red-hot Democrats, —oti0. of tho blood-nud-ihundor arder, which flourish Lest noarcst tho Gulf. Ho bas always led tho extreme wing of his party; and the De- mocracy could not better mmnifost tho helght of thoir gleo at any unusunl success then in is cloction to the Benato, leis & lawyer,. most succeseful in criminal practico ; has always beon prominont in the politics of the Stato; and was last year Bpeaker of tho Mouso, While Gov, Buckingham was worling 8o bravely and 8o Buc- cessfully in boliaif of the Union, Mr. Laton was 08 far tho other eido, Hia only misfortune was, thnt big euthusinsm found so littlo rownrd ; hnd half of'it been poured out in South Carolina, instend of Connecticut, he would bave been made porpotunl Governor of the fovmer. It would look very queerly, then, to acae Mr. Eaton suporsedo the oxcellent Gov. fiucuughnm in his place in Congress, but quite in lcoping with some’ other things wo uco,—ns instanco the Hon, Aloxunder H. Stophons, a mambor of tho same body, from whom Mr, Eaton differs in only two rospects: in bniuf o man of much smaller colibro, aud in living north of Dixle, Mr. Enton is the embodiment of tho storcotyped invectivo which finds place in the Democratic platforma; and, if ho should happen to be sent to Oongraess, Lo would go as the most radical aF- ponent of the Adminlstration to bo found in Connecticut. 1f tho Domoorats, then, should- come out of this campaign strong boyond quos- tion, Mr. Eaton would bo tho noxt Senator; if thoy should not havo votes enough for him, dmy wonld fall back uflou Gov, Ingersoll ; and, if o compromiso should bo necessnry, eithor among themeclves or with a bolt from the Republicaus, it wonld bo in faver of Alr, Hubbard, Politics and horse-racing aro bad thinga to guesa on, but we mey sot somo things down ns morally cortnin : Tho ropresentative systom ro- forred” to will bring out s large vote,—much Inrgor than usual, provided tho woather is ab oit fuvorable. An extraordinary effort will be mada Lo enrry the Reprosontatives in enoh town, and n full vote in Connactiout slmoat always means A NEPUBLIOAN VIOTORY, If tho peoplo overcomeo their apathy enough to ko to the polls, they will not bo likely ta uplit thelr tickots ; nud if is on this account that the Domocratio majorities will count bigger boforo tho election thon after, As bad as the Republi- can party may be,—and Heavon knows it is bad onougl,~most of its mombers will think twice before thoy turn it over, tooth and nail, to tholr old oppononts, tho Dotnoerats. epublican ro- form hos Loeh long tulked of, but wo eco no signs of ity approach, Wo should be happy if wo could turn with any degreo of confldence to the Domocracy for assistanco ; but tho record of thoso fow, lonosomo roprosontativos of tho, lmrt, who uro favored with countonanco ut Washington is not suclins to inspire in us a hope for any botter things from thom. The Dnmnnmriu atrougth in this vieinity Is less Iu its vumbors than it Is in the indiiforance or disgust of the bottor part of the Republicans. It would bo s socrowful conclusion to'como to, that thore are no_Lionest 1en loft in tho Ropublican party; and, it thero aro any such, it would bo woll, for thioBpico of varioty, to put somo of thow for- ward bofaro the party decides to commit ulolda. ‘I'bo chances uro vory favorablo for & Domovratio Governor this spring; indoed, the one party ox- peats it, and the othor party concodes it While overybody naturally expeots it, It would not bo the atrangout thing In tho world'if it BIOULD NOT COME TO PASS after all. Tho Domocrats had only twelve or fourtaon majorlty, on joint ballot, lust yoar, ‘Fhey have alrondy mudo fwo slips in soloctin thoir cundidatos for tho Gonoral Assombly ; au ten atips—swlhich is not many alips for tho State at largo-—would throw them out of power alto- gether, Thero is, porhaps, an evon “chance that thie oholeo of Govornor, on'acuount of the diffor- ont breaks in the partics, will go to the Loglsla- turo, and snpromaoy in that body I belng vory olosicly contosted. ‘0 come, Lhen, to this ocon- clusion : That, while success of tho Demacraty 1y genorally looked for, wnd {8 altogother proba- ble, sucooss of tho Republicans {s not altogothor impossible, B, B —The Falernum, & winoof whioh men had hardly heard the namn except in'vendlng IToraco, wow stands ot the hoad of nil Nutionsl'w.3o0s In the liats of tha hout hotaisin Rume and thiough- out Italy, and s chargod higher than the boust batiles of Plodinont and "Luscany, LAKE-INSURANGE. The Vessel-Owners and the Underwriters, A Statement in Bohalf of the : Latter. Lo the Iiditor of The Chicago Trtbunes Sin: Itis with much rogrot that the writor haa observed tho rocont oxprosslons of o hostilo feoling onthe part of raputed vosyol-owners aud masters towards Insuranco companios, and agalust tho “olussitication of vosscls” aud othor moans adoptod by the companioa for the roason= ablo protootion of tholr shnroliolders, which can- not fail to result bonoftelnlly to all who are con- nectod with the shlpplug intorost In a logitimate wny. Hoveral articles hnve recontly appeared in Chiongo nud Milwaukeo papera, ono of whiol, ap- ponring in tho Inler-Ocean of the 28th inst., hns tho followmg head : ** A Man with o Griovanco —Ho fan Vousel-Owner, and Hns Moro Than Onoof Thom—An Inter-Occan Reportor Right in Among tho Most Discontonted Lot of Mortals on Earth.” As no ono appoats to have & word to sny in bohalf of tho poor, minguided insurance companios, eithor of advice or sdmonition, the writor bogs lonve to submit a fow faota for tho eandid considoration of all concerned, bolioving that the wholo troubla arlses from 1aNORASOR of tho subject, and tho antagonism assumod towarda overything that emanates ftom insuranco companics, oncouraged by disaffected, fnterosted mon, wha fancy themsolves nggrioved, and by tho rival intoroats which turn thiy antagonism to nccount in diverting buniness to thomsclves, T'ho first thing to bo taken into conaidoration is tho fact, stated hero without foarof contradlo- tion, that, in tho wholo history of our lake com- morco, not ono dollar hag boon mado by insur- anca compnnies insuring hulls, Onthecontrary, the businoss has beon done at an average loss to tho undorwriters. Insurance companios have thrown proteotion ovor vessels for tho ownors, yonr after yenr, without one cont of roimburse- mont, How Jong would sonsiblo men pursuo any othor business aftor such miserablo results? And why is it thut insurance companios do {¢? 1t fs beeauso companies comonnd go. Thoso that hnvo followed the business (with two or threo oxceptions) a little while find it unprofit- able, and ** pull out,"—some of them in time to wavo thomsolves from bankraptoy, DBut let us look baals wud oo the Insurance companios which lave gono down, utterly shipwrecked., l'ake our own City of Ohicago, and count up the com- panies originatod hero that havo filed or rotired from tho ficld ns the resnlt of lossos ontailed upon thom by inland marine insuranco. Tako, for lustance, tho & NEPUNLIC INSURANCE COMPANY of Chieago, which camoto the rescue whonabout such & statoof things oxisted as now does. 'This Company onme forward as tho disinterestod friend of vessel-ownors and mostors, Tho Iatter wora paywig too much for insurance. Tho lte- public ook thelr risks for lowor rates, The Company's stock was placed in the hands of its agents, and in tho hands of vessol-ownors. . This medo overything lovely, and it was concedod that tho Ropublic filled a want long felf, and overybody was bappy. Tho pont-up naccumu- Iated wrongs suffored by vesscl-owners and mastors ot tho hands of grasping insuranco companics for a long time wore about to ba avenged, With this feoling, and cheap_insur- anco (one-half & cout or moro under rates), camo an enormous business, Tho result was that tho Ropublic was slnufillmmd, and the lossea rolled up’ between o half and ihroo-quartors of & mill~ fon; of which $160,000 was lost in a single gale. Takotho GITY OF DRIOKS, Not many yoars ago, Milwaukos had five or ‘more insuranco companies doing s lake-business. To-dny they sll gono, and it wns not thelr wealth rosulting from profits of lake businoss that causcd thom to retire either. Go baok somo yoars boforo, svhen n somowhat simitar focling to that recontly manifosted oxisted among vessel-ownors, They combined aud mado large corporations, composod of VESSEL INTERESTS purely, puttiog enough together to mnko $1,000,~ 000, or more, in_value, of snil-vossels wolely, and callod jt tho * Lake Navigation Com nuy."” They Insufad themselves, and it was all man- nged by ownets aud Captuing, No grasping in- suranco cmnEnny had_anything todo with it. What was the rosult? A Rocolver sold thom out In wo ot fhreo yenrs. Tho wholo eapital was hopelossly sunk.” Another company, formed in the samo way,.at tho samo timo, of steam- bonts only, was callod the * Amorican Trauspor- tation Company;* capital $1,000,000, In o short timo o Recoiver sold them out,—the mag- nificont capital hoillg & dend loss. Thoy aluo in- sured themsolyos, The sumo result has followed all insurance compauios (with two or throo ex- coptions) that huve followed the fortunes of lake-lustirance, particularly nsurance of lulla. Last yenr was uot & bad yoar as to weathor; tho soason was fair; and yot no more than two or throo insuranco companies mado a cent from the il Lusinoss, and an averago of tho Ilatter would doubiless show a loss to tho compunios, ‘o oxcoptions wero, as bofore stated, ono or two, perLiaps throe companios, that made. RIGID RULLS, and lived up to thom without doviation,—avoid- ing poor, low-graded risks, leaving nothing to Juck, and_ taking thoso riske only that promised, on tho law of chauces, to yield o fair profip. Tho marino insuranco "business of the lakes, both bull sud cargo, is douo at o much loss rate than any othor in the Anown world, Aro tho risks any lesu? In view of tho above facts,— and thoy aro -incontrovertiblo,—why this howl against tho insnrauce compuies, Lint vossel- owners and masters depond upon as their frisnds, to protact them, now and for all time to como. Tho history of past efforts by transportation compauics, of a8 smart practical men as ever did business upon theflakes, has fully domonstratoed, when they banded togethor to protest thomselyes by the benolits of consolidated intorosts and economical maungement, that this sort of insur- anco was a : DEAD VAILURE, Why, then, do vessel-ownors and masters scok. to injuto and destroy thoir good frionds, the in- sursnce companies, that have protected thom without feo or roward,—uo cont of profit ever havyiug resultod from it, ou the whole average of vears, to the insuranco companics? Do the voenol-ownory wish to dvive tho companioa from tho Inkos? A very littlo more will do it. Thoy will tiro out, as othors have dono before, or fail out. What oncourngement have the companios now to take n wiuglo hull-risk, with the proco- dents boforo thom, and tho apparontly Lostile focling of bauded intorosts againet them? I beg of vossol-owners and musters to punso and refloot, From o small beginmng, an nsiguoitlcant number of small vessal, wa now buve a MAGNIFICENT FLEET of tho fiuest vessols in the world, and all built up from tho profits of the business, ouriching nfl who have owned vosnul-pmpuriy. Many fortunes huye hoon mado, and men rotired rich, Look at that pioturo, and thon on this. Look nt the scoros and scores of insurance companics that huve gono down under tho lossos made whilet affording protection to this, the moat profitablo buainioes over done around tho Inkos, kn rich dividond hos evor vome to .tho com- puios, aud thero iy nothing loft to hope for. It s hoping againgt hopo to expect. large profity from lake-undorwriting ; and the only prospovt to mako anything, promived by tho prosent out- look, is foc” the insuranco companios to discon~ {inuo the hull-busincss, Lot thom stop -rigut whoro they stand, sud do as the Tradors” Insur- anco Company of this city lavo done, who, soclng no protit, and nothing but loss, pmmlnod by the hull-businoss, have wikely dropped tho insurunce of hulls for the pust to yours, con- {ining their marine business to cargo-risks, This oxample will bo imflated by sll, unless tho rosout atalus I specdly obanged. The truo utorcuts of tho owners agd mastors of vesscls, and of tho underwriters, aro, or should bo, Dlonded. The Insurance companics aro neoded to pro~ Loct the intorputs of owners. Without such pro- tootion, this maguificent tloot of vessoly “WOULD }UN oUT In throe yoars, Yo, alono, unaided by tho pro~ teation of Insurance compsuics, the whole trada tho lnkes would run out in threo yoars or lons, The whole thiug iy basod on oredit, and tho inewrance companios aro the Indorsers. ‘I'aking, for instauco, tho holl-iusuranco: Owne ors givo six-months' notes in paymont of promi~ ums, whioch aro ofton oxtendaed for much longor timo, when nsled for, which I8 not scldom iho caso, A for tho cargo business, it could nol be dono at alt (s 1t is all urudl!{ ‘without Lhe fn- dorsement of insurance capitsl, Then why are notall these lutorests identiesl? Why should not veasol-owuors do all they can to uphold thelr own ccurity, ond thoir frionds, the innuranco cotapanfus? Lot them do 8o naw, ot (his Iate dny? A correot, two-skled view of tho subjeot, {uoluding o 1etrospoos of all the fuoby, will ‘sus- (nin tho positions hero assumed, and should l)rmmm or tho companles o chaviteblo feoling, £ not justice, ho GLABHIFIOATION OF VESSELS woa inatituted uvdn tha Inkos mnny yoars ago, whon tho {rade ohangod, and vessels of larger clasy wore butlt. 1t was a vital nogossity thon,— moro vital, It possiblo, now. It has producod tho fino clasy of class of vessols wo now have, comparing favorably with nny in tho world. Order, charnctor, and aystom aro necessary in all things, and nowlioro aro they more noodod than when applied to vossols and mastors, ‘Cho classi- flention of vostols pnd mnstors oxlsta il ovor the mnritimo world. In citios of tho Old_and Now World, both, Inspectors aro_appointod nnd om- ployod evory duy to protect the hoople from un- wnfo, improporly-coustrncted bulldings, aud Inwa aro onforced to protoat human lifo aud adjoining pm]mrl{. . How much moro ngcessary I8 it to ln-omut ifo and propoerty upon the water, with ts troncherous ohinuces of dostruction, Tho rmpor clnslfication of vessels fo moroin the intorosts of Lho ownors, the mastors, afid tho public than of undorwriters. It protoots lifo and proparty, Tho man who Los n good vessol ap- proves classification,” Hais proud of his vossols charnctor. 'Tho mau who has a poor vessol con- domns clossification, Ifo iy uniwilling that her charactor should be known. VESSELS WILL GROW 01D, and wood will rot, and the truth should bs known. Tor twonty or thirty years or moro, claasliication of vossols upon tho Iakos Lina boon kopt up fn somo shiapo or othor, and it s in the intorest of overy one conneoted with Lhe wator, or who travols u{von it; nocossnry, primarily, to the owner of tho yessol, to tho morchant who Joads her, and to the public, and, abova all other intorosts, to the Caplain, ofiicors, and crew who mnan hor, and to the coufiding pasonger who in- trusts his lifo upon hor lu conscloussecurity that o1l 18 well. Tn what othor way can the charactor of vousols bo ‘known but by examination and clnssification? If you tnko tho iutorost~ od statoment of- vessol-ownors, thoir ves- uols aro tho bosk lnown ft “fs hu- man naturo that, this should bo, sinco thore is no motlvo o poworful os gelf-intorent. ‘Would auch n modo of classifleation as this give to the world a fair statement of the trao coudi- tion of tho vesucls so passed upon ? What mo- tivo conld any disintorosted Inapoctor have in clussing a vossol othor than o do it fairly, hon- catly, and impartlally ? Tho presont clagsifica- tlon of lako-vouscls fs_mado, I am told, b¥ the * Natlonal Boned of Luke Undorwritora —no ono company having any moro to da with ft than another, The wholo mercantile and commerciat communlty ara intorestod to uphold and protoct it, It is tho basis of business, and the protoctor of human lifo, which i1 of mugh moraimpartance than dolluxs, It should, in its lrue mission, be allowed to TELT THE TRUTI, for it is good for nothing if unrolablo, The mau who owns a poor vessol, aud whines about it bocause tho truth ls told about hor, is entitled to no attontion from the public & and ho aud hig abottors should bo {ronted with the contempt morited for trying to misroprosont to the publé o vossal which might, if their represoniations wore successful, drown innocent pooplo and wreelk valuabla proporty, Ignorance of tho roal El’l\dn of vessols hag caused disnsters innumera~ 1o, nnd tho anuals of tho loss-bool will shov, if roforred to, THE CLASSIFIOATION OF MASTERS has oxiated all ovor tho world. In all countrios but this it has beon sccomplished by o black- list, A mastor of & vossol, if in foult, hus o black or condomuoed mark put againat his namo (» © Btar-Chamber * affair). . This is communi- cated to all insurance conipanies privatoly, and Lo could not gat vessel £o comwnnnd, becauso no company would insure lier. Snmo yoars ngo, o white or approved list of fuhlp-mnxtom Wag ronde, and with the flucat rosults while in wso, Mastors wore proud to bo tld, ns they wora by cortificutos, that thoy ox¢elled in their profes- sion, All the approved mastors of tho lakos aought theso cortificates of approval, It elavat- ed thom as » class, and'many o mun could dato o roformation of charnctor from the in- contive thus bestowed to oxeel oud deserve & good namo. With the cossntion of the good work of the * Buard of Lako Undorwritors,” this oxcollont system ran out. It is sought now to reviveit, 'The cost or charge is o more bagatollo to cover exponsas, muade in the interest of the men themselves, tho ownera of yessels, tho ownors .of proporly on board, aud, abovo all, as snid before, with rofer- onca to classification of vessels,—above all, 1t the interests of human lives on Lonrd. It iwat- tomplad to elovate tho churactor and hnbits of one of the most worthy and doserving clagses of mon. We have as amart, a8 good, and as capn- blo o sot of ehip-mostors s exist in the world, Will it not ba & good thing to do to approve them, tio deserving and the good? ~What hatm is there in it? And ave not nll thointorests quoted above well served by it ? ' ESPIONAGE." . Inspootora look aftor the loading or unloading of vessols. “It will boromembered that lwst yoar these Inspectors wore fimnuy ridioulod.” f’,\‘hlu from the Inler-Occan.) Well, Jmupla may nugh at their own shamo ‘and misdoods; bub this is a moro gorious affair, for tho overloading of vsuols lust yonr, whuch thoso Iyapectors woro and.are nm[)lovell to pravent, involved tho loss of many valuable lives. Overloading drowned a ood mauy peoplo, a8 it hug years beforo, snd 08t & vast amount of valurble proporty. It is onsy to sneor, and scoff, and ridicule this sorious mattor; butis it tho ¥m|)or trontmont of o mo- mentous question? Ia not the saving of one human life worth mora than all the scoffa aud sneers at woll-digested efforts to snve it? Let the scoffers turn back to tho files of Inst_year's papers published at Chicngo, Mil- waukee, n.mi) atrolt, aud seo Low ofton the mntine reportors gave warning of vossols thoy saw outrageously overlonded. Lot thom turn back to tho loss-list of last year, and seo Tow prolifio it is of notes like this: “Sailed and nover beard from,” and ‘‘foundered.” Why foundered? Vossels aro made stuy on top. Why foundered? Why not heard from after sailing? The answer Is,—and theio can bono other in almost all cases,—the vessel has boon ovorlondod; has carried too much dead weight. Whon thie gon piled inon decle with nddod weight, down she wont, with hor precious cargo of hu- man lifo; and the husbaud, the son, the father, and brother, sacrificed to man's cupidity, who, for greod of gain overloaded tho vessel, camne back no moro, Isit uot a \\'ul'tl.\r nnd cowm- mendable object to endeavor to lossen tho chances of similar horrors? . I8 it not in the truo jutorost of tho ownor, tho mastor, the crow, and tho publio ot lnfio. to stop this grisyous thing if poswblo? Mokt cortainly. Ouo word more, Lot me sponks of ANOTIIER GBOUND OF COMPLAINT, on account of which a committos of vessel-men wont ta Buffalo, ! First, Was o clauge in tlio policy that the gal- vige oxfbusas, ny thoy uro toriod (boiug ux- ponsvs mado in gotting & vossol fram tho boach or for towing), should not bo added to ropairs, to mako & constructivo totul loss,—say Olmt cont of insured value of tho vossel, under the Awerloan rule. This clause wag 1 ‘all policias on the lakes for many yoars, It is bolioved thut its provisions wero never rosorted to iu any known ci.30 agaiust vossol-owners, ‘Second—Thio clauso excluding undorwrilers o vessals from contributivg for tho loss of deck- londs or jettison from the deokwof vossols, 'This was & mrick-noeded olause, and its abrogation wa, iu tho wrilor’s opinion, most unfortunato. Tao ssy that proporty on the deck of o vossol is to bo put on the samo footing with proporty under deok and under hatehos, works & great injustica to tho commercial world, and is at vavinnco with tho onstoms and rules of all countries, Thecon« currence of our poople, whether merchinuts, vos- sel-ownors, carriers, or underwritors, . tho ab- rogation of this_clauso, wag most unfortunate and sgainst public intorest from ovory stand- point. It only ndds additionnl wolght to the al- roady-insupportable burdous imposed on tho un- derwriters of the Inkos, Bringing this lougs papor to aclose, why canuot the interosts of ull partios nawod be brought together now, in o spirit of protection snd mutual aid, which is tho true status, Lot us bo friondy, and worl lnsnlhor for & common good,—owners of vossels, Captainy, merchunts, aud noderwrit- ord. . Cinecaao, March 31, 1674, el O S THOREAU'S EXPERIMENTS WITHl CORN-BREAD. To the Editor of The Chicago T'ribune: Bin: Rocoguizing your offorts to introduce a moro gonoral uko sf coru-moal a8 an artiolo - of food a8 in tha interest of cconomy and health, I havo copled tho following paragraph upon the subject from Thoreans *¢ Waldon." Muny of your rendors will recollost Thorenu ag the schole ar-hormit of Concord, Mass., in the yoars 1845 ‘6, Mis works may bo coosiderod as among Ameriea's classles ; Dread I ot Gratwado of fine Indtlan moal nud salt,—~ genuino hoo-cakes, whiol I bakod bLufore iy fire, ot of doors, ou n uhitigle, o tho end of & stick of timber sawed off in budlding my houso; but it was wont to got smoked, and fo hitvo a piny flavor, I tried flour aluo but avo ot Tast found & mnfxtnro of rye und T dian sl most convenlent and ngrocable, Ju coll weathor, 1t wus 10 spiall_amuscinont o buke soveral Aumll louves of fufs fin #necession, touding snd turn- ing thopy s curctully ws n Lgsyhian. bil hutebing oyga, ‘Lhoy woroa real coreal fruit, which T ripenod § Hoones, and thoy had, fo m% Sauked, fragranuco liko other no- | bl gruits, which T kopt i s long as powsibyle by wrap. plug thom I clothos, T mude o study of the unclont and {ndispensabla art of road-mnkiug,—cowniting such uuthorilies &8 offored,—going hack to tho priwitive duys, when, from the wildnwss of nuts and meals, mon Nrabt reached tha milancan nnd refincment of thia diok; and travole Iug gradunlly down inmy studies through that scol~ dental sauring of tho dough, ‘which, it is sitpposed, {nuglt tho levvoning process, and thraugh the various formontations thorealer, U1 T como o' good, Bwoct, wholanomo bread,—tlo sIAfT_of 1ifo, Leavon,—-whioh #on10 deon (o foul of broad, the apiritus which fills ita collulne tisnuo, whiols i Faliglouly proorved lika the voatal firo,—somo preclous bottlo full, T supposo, firat brought over in the Mayilower, did ihe business for Amorien, and its nflucneo n atil rlaing, mwelling, nnd sproading, in_cerolian Lillows ovor {h Tondy—this soul T rufmlm{ and fathfully proonrad fromi tho villags, L1 nt longth, ono morning, T forgot tho rules, and scalded my yeas| by whioh acefdent I dlecovorad thiat oven this was not indispenasblo,—for my dlacovoriea woro not. by tho nyntliolle, but analytte proces—and T have gladly omilted it mince, thotigh most Diowsowlven carnoatly nanrod me that safo nnd wholosomo broad without yoast might mot Lo, nnd oldorly people, . propho- alnd » speady decay af tho vifn foroos, Yot ' fnd 1t not 0 bo an escntial ingrodient, snd, afior going without It for n yoar, nm till 1 o land bf the Ivig § and Tam gind ta osctpa Uho trivialoes of earrylog & ot ol n my nacket, whiah vanld. sometimes 7o and disclinrgo Jts confontn, to my diacomfistre, 1t Is aimplor and moro respoctiblo o omibit, ot in an antmal who, ‘moro tinn sny ather, can_ndapt Timrelf to all olimates and ciroumstanicen. Nelthor did T pug nny snl-nadn, or othier ncld or alkall, info ty broad, It would seom that I mado i according to tho rocolpt which Marcus Parsia Gato gave, sbout two centuries bofore Olirlat: * Mako knoadod broad thus ¢ ‘Waah your hands and trongh weil, Lut tho meal Into thio trongh, add water gradually, and_kmoad it thor- onghly, - When you hava kneaded it woll, mold {t, and bako it under o caver ;" that 18, 11 n baking-ketilo. Mot o word_abeut leaven, Dut I'did not alwayn ued this alafl of life, At ono (Imo, owlng to tho cniplinois of ny pura, I saw nono of 1t for moro than o month, e S FREE TRADE OR PROTECTION. To the Kdlitor of the Illinols Granger: Tam in a quandary, and want you should holp mo out. Yon sce, soma of my noighboru bolong to tho Grango, and want mo to join, By sond- ing off toadistance, thoysny thoy gob evory~ thing they want n groot donl cheapor; and, by sonding off evarything thoy have to soll to whore thiero aro plonty of buyers, thoey get a groat deal moro for it ; thus making a save on both onds, Ironlly supposoitis o, forIcan do much bottor in your big town of Macomb than I ean closo by homoj but Iam anold Honry Olay ‘Whig, and boliove in Protection—the American Systom wo enllod it forty yonrs ngo ; sud T wypt toho conslatont, and I tell them that that i# not right ; wo showld protock our home-industry ond build it up; make a home-market ; and then, whon our home-manufacturers and me- chanica acquiro more skill and capital, they will work as chonp ns the * big concerns” do at tho Enst, aod theyand the morchants will build up our towns, And, for my part, I can't oo any dliforonce in_ principlo in sonding sway from homo 50 or 00 milow, and 5,000 miles ; and wo might a8 woll repoal tho tarilf at onco, and buy onr lnmbor in Canads, sud our sugar and enlb in the Wost Indies, and our iron and steol in England, Wouldn't the Englishman like that ? —for youknow, Mr. Editor, how they used to * flond tho country with British gold,” as Horaco Qreoloy used to toll us, thirty nnd forly yoars ugo, to gotus to do the samothing. But thoy can't do it now, with Grant for Prosident and Congress largely Republican. 8o I tell thom—those who are old Whige—that they aro not consistent; for the eameo rule that i good for tho whals_country is good for any part of it ; aud 8o, a8 I havo tho best of the argu- ment, thoy got mad, say I am an old fool to buy whero I can buy tho chonpoest and trade whore T can_do the bost ; and that, from tho looks of my old houso and b, thoy would tiink T neoded oil tho oapital I could Iny up for my own uso (L confosss this is very truo) ; and that thoro is 10 usgo in a lot of farmors contributing capital In the shapo of high pricos to build up anothor muu's business who will always getout of him every cont ho can, They ssy o man who makes an ax, or a pair of boots, or other articles, in Counecticut, hag to ont just ns much ag 1f ho mado it hora; and, if wa want little towne built up, why not save our monoy, and build thom and own them ourselves ? Nobody evor did anything to protost tho farmer (this Lean’t deny); nnd that, if tho English nnd other foroigners soll chenper, thoy would just an soon trado with them as to trade with n * Down- East Yunkeo" or a Ponusylvania Dutohman ; and, bosides, if wo don’t buy what foroignors malo, Low are thoy to pay us for our beef, pork, whenf and corn, eto. For nearly all of thom hava to live by thelr labor; and whore would wo farmors Lo if wo bad only a home-mar- Itok for our produce 7—and the laws ought to bo 80 04 to give us all the markota we can find; for, the more wo ara restricted in buying, the more we havo to pay ; and, the more wo are restrictod in selling, tho less wo got for what we sell; and #0 wo go, Dntwhat gols me is, these feilows aro continually saving more monoy than I can, Just by this *¥reo Trado” plau of buying where thoy can do the best; for that is just what Free T'rndo mogns, whether by one man or all the eopla. 4 y wifo sides with tho Grangors, nnd wondors why Idon't do tho bosl I can for myself, and lot othior folls, who are bottor off, ook out for themselves. Aud sho looks somatimes as if sho thought thoy avo right m ealling mo an *‘old fool; " but sho don't say so,—wa dow’t have women's rights in my honse yet. Now, I got thom down on tho argument, aa you see, but still I am not* quitc sntisfied{ my wifo snys tlings Lave changed sinco ooty Clay's timo; we have had o MF war, tho * niggers ™ vote, and thero were nof m\mg Tail~ roadie and tolograph Tines, and Oredit Mobiliors thau, nud that tho proof of tho pudding is in the enting,—of which I must admit, Mr. Editor, whal do you say? Oan an old Tenry Olay Whig consistently joln the Grange, und go in for thelr Freo Y'rado. Uxons Jo, Waunix Qounry, March 18, 1874, —_— I8 TAXATION® OPPRESSION ? 'MOEOATINE, Ta,, April 2, 1874, T the Editor of The Chitago L'ribuno: Bin: Insrecont issuo of Tue Tainuxs I rond an artiolo that pleasod me moro than any- thing I have scen for some time: it was in rola- tion ta tho presont system of raising. tho taxes off of the, land and porsonal property, by means of which the furiner is taxed till, Inmany cases, tho tax approaches n good ront, and is fast re- ducing the tiller of the soll to the same position oa the rentors and sorfs of Europe, Now, the agitation of such quostions in the columns of & journnl like Tus Trinune, I8 éaloulnted to do much good, by ealling the attention of the farm- ors and industrions classos to Bo unjust o sys- tom of opprossion ; aud, by thoroughly discues- ing tho quostion in their Ghranges and Olub- rooms, they can scon deviso such means of roform a8 will reliove us from no gront an ovil, Whon a farmer undorstands that the real eatato hos to pay 80 por cont of thatax-lovy, ho shonld go to work, and by overy meaus in his powor {ry and have tho burthon more ovenly distributed. That the predent plan of usssssmont {8 o gross wrong, is too well kunown, aud gonerally ac- knowledzed for mo to mulke a point of ; and I don't think you can do the farmers of tho North- woit o (;Iamor favor than agitating. the question In T1e TripuNe. The present systom scoms to bo gotton up for tho oxpross purpose of oppress- {ng iudustry and exempting all those clnsses In sooloty that are 1%7: only the beat able to pay & hoayy tax, but wiibss pursuits in lifo aro of that nature that they add nothing to tho muterial wenlth of tho natlon. Why sliould the Inwyer, physiclan, proachor, oto,, ote,, bo allowed to oa- cape thoir just }u’cportlun of taxation ; and the farmor, whose incomo may nov bo s tithe of thiors, bo taxed Nl ho ls 80 crippled in Lis busi- nesd that ho oun’t keop up (ho uacossary repuirs on his farm, and, instead of growing rioher, fnds himsolf, at the cnd of tha yenr's labor, with o henvy dobt hanging over bim in tho shapa of a tax-lion which must bo paid. It Is worso thaun Bliyloek's bond, as that only callad for the pound of flesl, but thus takos tho wholo onrcass, Now, woro these taxes haved on thao yozrly ro- ccipts of tho farmor, thero might bo somo “Jus- tico in It ; but tharo s no allowanco mnde for productive or unproductiyo sonsons, I know of many farmora living in this county who did nob rajgo snything to live on durivg the lnst year, owing to tha severe drought ; yot their taxes ave the samo a8 n yours thoy raided f{oml orops, I know hundrods of farmors who had to borrow monoy out of tho banks to pay thoir taxos, or aro lotting the tax-poualty and Intorost yun on, with a good prospect of losing their homos, And just hoyo urfuoa o quastions What right low o Btato to mako a goueral Inw thut it is the firat to violnte? ‘I'ho Stato prases n usury law, with, cortain conditions, xon\nntm{\; tha uso of monoy betwaen the cltizqus, but claits the right to chargo a rate of intorest. that the groodiost monoy-sharks of Wall stroat would blush at, and ofton in open violation of & syored right of the citizon to his homeatond. It flrut invitos lmmi- gration into tho Btato by pausing a Iomostond [, guarantoolng to avory man and family o homestond (if they ara Incky unuutzh to progure one) oxompt from oxccution for all debtj yot I hoavo seon hundreds of such homesteads sold by tho County Treasurer (my own amongst (ho numbor), not auly for the logitimate taxos, but for tho grossont swindles in tho shape of aid voted to buill up somo ona-horse raliroad; s that tho Troasurer's deninnd on tho ren! eutato s ofton more than tho rent, Now, I wonld like to auls, on what principlo of law aud justica can the [rlvntoollllofl bo doprived of hls_property to tulld up o privato ontorpriso 7 IFnunh I8 the doolston of tho Bupremo Oonrts, lot tholr o!l;l'ann Do rovoracd ns spacdily as possible. Tho farmers of tho Northwest aro loarning faak that thoy inve rights and, by combination, tho ability to maintain them. Thoy have too long boon tho dupes and victima of designing schiomera and political haoks. They linvo sont o oot of Inwyers to legialato for thom, and of courso thoy wora sold every timo, ond n not of Inws placed upon our atatute-books only calou- Inted tomislond and decoive, Of courso thoy distributed the seod in sich mannor ng woul bring thom tho largost harvest. In such n posi- tlon a8 wo are placed at prosont, the mont potent \vun?nn woenn wiold s the publio preas ; but wo find thot oftenor in opposition to our intor- eats, and acting o the hirod tools of o corrupt Qovornmont. than ncling in dofensa of Lgn riehta of tho oitizon, nmlB exposing frauds and erimo. Our only hopnis in such journals ns iz Tranure taking up the subject, and fully cxgosing _tho wrongs and evlla of the prosont syatem, ~ In gnch hono, I bog leave to subsniibo mysolf, your ocbediont sorvant, BAxuen Bexxerr. —_ e THE SANDWICH ISLANDS, A Dofenwo of tho Missionnries Nhere, To the Iditor of The Chicago Tribune ; Bin: Inyour odltorial of Maroh 81, ontitled ** A Osmpaign in Hawali," spoaking of tho now King, yousay: *Io Lss takon stops to sover tho connootion botwoon Olurol and State, whioh hing proved so baloful to both.” This is a mis- tako, Thoro has nover boon any connection whatavor botwoen Ohurch and State in Hawail, The miesionnrics have noither accoptod offico nor meddled- with politicd ssaclngs. In the ourly history of the Islands, two accopted posi- tious in the Governmont, at tho enrnest roquost of tho Kiug and Oblofs. Bofora acaapting tho positions, they rosigued thelr conncotion with the misaion, and naver aftorward were known or recognized as misslonarios, They did a good work in forming a Constitutional Monarchy and abolishing sorfdom. Tho connoctlon of lnth with the Govornmant consed many yoara sinco, Both nre doad, end their names aro chorished \wlflx honor by tho present King and the entiro nation, You alsn #ay: ‘* An Amorican living in Wawall writes of tho missionaries thore : * Uttorly care- loss of religions mattors, oxcopt as to forms, their timo has been dovoted to monoy-gotting, and to money-gotting only ; not ono Lins failed to malko fortuno ; and thoy comprise, to-.day, tho wonlthicat and most serupulous body of mon on tho Islands’” Your corrospondent is spraik- do- THE GOVERNMENT PRIN’I‘!HG-OFFIUE. Ignorant and Exiravagant Practices Therein, . ' Exposo by an Old Employo of tho Establishment. Wasnrxarox, March 28, 1674, Totke Editor of The Chicago Tribune: | Sm: “Gath" writos truly and well of tho great oxponditure of money in support of tho Govornmont Printing-Offico; but, not belug a printor, ho has only ponctrated tho crust,—hos glven your readors but s faint glimpae of the in- torlor workings of this mammoth fraud, For ton years I have beon o eilont witnoss to the iz. norant aud oxtravagant practices of this ostab- lishmont; and tho knowledgo Ihave gainced needs only tobe putto the tost to find what 1 hera sey porfoctly roliablo. Titn ‘Y1NvERSD" PRINCITLE. The Suporintondont Lns nseorted, before tho 3 Printing Committeo of tha Honso, that ho had chinrged the Congroneionn! printingloss than cost (for whint ronson no one knows, unlosa it wnsto cover up thissiuapendons fraud), and had madeup tho deficioucy by overcharging tho Departmentnl work. Now, in order Lo show you that thisis ot 50, lot us soe what work ho did for Congross tho last year: $14 rin pAar ronr 03,011 raars, His report for the year ending Sept. 30, 1878, sfates that 03,011 pages of matter woro et up, on which thoro wero aboit 800,000 coplos print- od,—all cosling §874,008. Now, take o propor- tion of 87,000 for mow. matorlsl purchasod, ropairs, olo,, in this timo, and a proportiog,of 930,000 ns iuterest on capital invested ( both pro- portionnte sums being, revpeotively, about 830,-- 000 and $12,000, all of which ho omitted to add), and wo find that tho notunl cost was 916,008, —n littlo ovor €14 por pago, or about 81.24 por copy. When wo take into considoration the important fact thet at loast one-third of those coples wera roprints upou type that was nover set up but oo, and thorofore proporly chargoablo for only Hraw-\vork, papor, and binding, but which wo nd charged in lus roport for composition a oo~ ond, and, in some casos, & third timo; and also ing of what ho knows nothing, or has no dosire to do justioo. Mo Is contradictod by history, and tho testimouny of all candil mon who have vivited tho Telands. Tho missionaties inva boon faithfully Inboring at the Sandwich Islands for over fifty yors. They fonnd a nation of snv- ages without o, writton langungo, To-day the peoplo aro, almost without excoption, ably to rond and writo: haven fair cducation, o fros Government, the common Inw, . school-houses, churchas, nnd n rocognizod position ns n nation, —nll through tho efforts of the missionaries. Tho ~enlaries of tho missionarica have ‘ranged from 2800 fo $1,000 n yonr.— glving them a bare support. Tholr lives .are modols of industrs, wpioty, solf- deninl, and consecration, I do not know of ono (and 1 livo_known most of thom porsonaliy) who hns made a fortune, is weatthy, or who has made nny effort to becomo 8o, Tho prosant King nnd bis two Ints predecossors receivod & liheral education in o private rchool taught by a missionary. Most of tho missionaries have fin- ished their work; the fow who aro loft aro ad- vanred in years, Thoy bave mado their life- work the oducntion and salvation of n henthen and snvege nation, Thoir nomes are gratofully transurod by the rapidly-fading nation of Fon- «waliang. Justice to both rnq‘lllren thin notice of the nbove errors in your editorial, which prob- ably occurred through inadvertenco, _Vory truly yours, Davip B, LyMaN, Somothing on tho Other Side. To the Editor of T'he Chicago Tribune: Sin: Isaw in this morning's TRINUNE an are ticlo hendod * A Campaign in flawnii," contain- ing n statoment as to tho missionaries living there. - T, of my own porsonal knowledge, know that statoment to bo true to the lotter, and Iam positivo that it is not an overdrawn pioture, ‘Palk nbout tho poor misgionaries, snd what thoy suffor in going among tho heathon! X wish our country-minislers wore half a8 well provided for. I kuow of no luxuries these missionaries do not hnva, excopt theatres and operas. I could, ns Shakapeare says, n tale unfold, I inve sacn all of tho Ixlands; also, tho nowly-appoiuted King, and wouid say that 10 is an honor to his country, nnd o gontloman and echolar, and has my oarnost wishos for his succoss. . Wotax Wrio HAs Travren Moor, Crtoago, March 31, 1874, g —_— THE RAILROAD AND TAXATION QUESTIONS. Axzpo, Mercar 0o, TiL, March a1, 1874, Toa the Editor of The Chicagn Tribuno:' In your isauo of March 25 I neo this etatoment: “The bad offect of tho Ruilrond lnw is shown in tho exporionco of the peoplo living along the lino of the Galona & Keithuburg Branch of the Ghicago, Burlington & Quincy Road. The Com- pavy withdrow one passenger-traln bocauso it did not pay, as they are not allowed by law to chargo & higher rato for a short line, thongh tho peopla aro willing aud anxious to pay it." Now, 1f the Ruilroad Company are 8o anxious to avoid violating the law, why do they not tako Off tho freight-train aloo, ns they are' violating the law in thoir charges for froight, and also for prasongers, notwithstanding thoy carry thom on the hog nui eattlo traing ? Thoy did not take tho train off becauso they wished to avoid violat- mgtho law, but to make the law odious, Weo firmly hellove if thoy wanld comply with tho lnw_the passengor-train would pay botter than it did bofore, bocauso thors would bo n gront dealmoro_travel; and we beliove tho pecople alm\fi the Koithsbnrg Dranch, as a mass, aro vory unwilling to pay tho extortionate rates of fara. In this conuection I canugt forboar to notice that gnminnn in tho Intorest of tho railroads hinve heon circulnted along the lines, for a ropeal of the Railrond law, and have been aigued by uito o nmaber; and 1t bas boon roprogentod that the people along tholine signed thom without dis- tination ; but this is not true,—they wore. signod chiefly by thé peoplo In the villages, and tho middlemon,—woll knowmg that the extortionate rates do nok come out of them, but out of tho producers slone, How, thon, can they presumo to spoak for tho farmors, very fow, if any, of whom eignod those patitions? Nor will thoy, until tho railroads give tho law u fnir trial; on thon, if thoy coutd not do business with _ronson~ abla profit, the producers would bo willing to lve tho luw rapealed,—for the producers of the country do not want un{ pareon or company to work for thom without their making a fair and honest profit, . 2 But tho fact of the buslness Is, the producors along the Kolthsburg Brauch ate detormined to “fight it aut on ¢his line,"—for they contributed towards building this road noarly ono-third its cost, and hold” tho certiflcates of atook, and yet havo no influcncosin tho control of tho rond, but ave plundered avcrg time thoy wish to travel orahip on the rond, sud are insulted by bomg carriod on tho cattlo and hog trains, for_apite and to maka the law odious. Wo aro dotor- minad navor to ryleld untll thoy give tho law a falr trinl, and, 1€, worso comes to worat, wo will ask tlio State to take away thelr ahu‘fur.—fm' wo hold that tho Stato has as good n right to oxoreito tho ru\rur orright of cwinent domain iu taking their churtor uway from thom as it hnd to exerciso it m the first place in condemuiog that tract of land and transferring it from ity Inw- ful ownars to the Railrond Company, It is truo, iu taking tho roud from thom, thoy would have to bo paid for 1t what disinterested parties would value it at. 'Chis is what wo waut,” Wo think it would not bo diffioult to find parties that wonld take it at this valuation, and agreo to comply with tho law; snd, In this avont, tho people along tuls tne will oxpact to have their monoyed intercut In the rond mada seouro fo thom, This is our position and fooling, and by it wo will stend, unloss wo gob somo moro light whioh might point in anothor direction, ) I hopo you will apoak out slrong against pro- teotive tarifls, and ucrmggly In favor of the Hon- nopin & Rook Island Canal, aud for roform in Biate rovenuo, 'horo are ono' or two mon in the Logleluture on the right track. Wo aro all \\'mnit. I think, in raislog our rovonua_off tho industrios of tho country; it should, T think, be raised mainly on inoomes, and from the amount or oxtent of protection the Biate givos mon and compauios in businoss, Hijthorlo ronl estato has borne the burden ; aud it 1, In offect, taxing tha pioductive resourcos of the poople nnd Btate, T'his can, in tho ond, but work an mjury to the intorests of tho poo~ plo at Inrge, Will you do ma tho favor to publish this in {nur papor, toshow liow wostand lu this quar- or 7~ X have not boon roquested to writo thin articlo, but I know Ispoalc tho sentimouts of o lurge aumbor of our oltizons ju this county, Joun Houues, when wo considor that not more than oue-third of thoso copies evor raceived any binding oxcopt atitching, and that evory copy cost 21,24, whotlhier one page or a thousand, whathor print- od on typo upon whioh n editfon had slrondy beon worked ond the cost of composition already charged to tho Governmont, or not,—will it not be patent to overy practionl book-publisher and printer in the country that this work has cost too much, and that lils statemont of an invorse principlo of chuvging i8 s sttompt to biind the oyes of tho Committeo P + EXFENSIVE' IGNORANCE, Now Ist s see what o zood printor would have dono 1n the matter of economy with the comro- sition and making-up into pages, ready for tho pross, of theao 63,011 pagos. A carofal suryey of all this work shows ihat, if the copy-reviser Lad done b4 duty, and fhio tabulatod copy bad boon carofully cast, nod the makor-up bad been working with'on oyo to_economy, at. loast 100 pages in overy thousand of thoso’ 03,011 pazes might have beon saved,—amounting to 6,000 pagos, or §84,0001 To maite this fact plain, let ug further seo how theso' 6,000 pages wore uoedlessly printed, and this $84,000 thrown awny: Many siguaturos of sisteon pages might have been compreased into cight by teaving out unnocessary blank ; many tabular’ pages, whica oxtond into tho hundreds ia some volumnes, and which ocenpy tho entire surface of two pages, broadenst, could, according to common sonse nn: tho rulos ofprinting, as casily have been mndo into ono., Theus facts the workitselt will vorify, —showing an amount of ignorance and carcless- noss unparalleled in tho Listory of printing in this or any other country. Lot us dip again into this *{uvorse principle,” and seo whether there should not bo another *{uverse subject ” upon which the system will apply to botter advautago than it will in tho case of toso 63,011 pages: COST OF CENSUS-REPORT, 1870, Tho cost of printing aud binding an odition of 80,025 copics, comprising 2,452 pagos, of the Consus-Toport for 1570, was 3120,870.70,—nearly Jifty doliars per page, and a little over four dollara percopy! ‘Lheso 2,452 pages contaln about 49,« 040,u00 ems in nonpareil type, and cost for com- nosition, at 60 cents ?ur 1090 ems, about 29,424, Wo will allow 29,124 for composition ; ralfl,BDb for proof-ronding and press-work, dry-pressing, and folding ; £16,000 for binding (which is probably too much by one-third, n8 many of theso vol- umes were only simply stitchod), and $50,000 for tho paper; and we fnd tnat ‘at this high esti- mate, the worlc would cost but $104,424,—a dif- ferenco of §10,416,70, which has gono to “in- yerso " somo invisible principlo of ghort-charg~ ing somowhero elso, THIBTEEN MILES OP DRASS RULEl Another wastefulness, so startling as to make old Bon Franklin riso from his gravo yero he to know if, is the way tho{ “enip” and slash away at brass rulo in this ecstablishmont. Thir- toou miles of it woro xnmhmgcd,‘ for tho yoar onding Sopt. 80, 1873, An coonomical Buperine tendent would not have used 8o much in o con- tury, for ho would have had it ecut into Iabor- seving longths at firet, without waste, and with- out shenrs, The shoprs in this establishment wasto ovory year ot least soven milos of this rulo, to soy nothing of tho time consumed in cufting tho rulo with thora. THIRTY-TWO TONS OF NEW TYPE,' At the commencement of the year which cuds Bept. 80, 1874, thoro were thirty-two tons of now typo purchnsed, for which cash was paid. How much dlscount, Mr, Editor, do_the typo.dealors sllow you when you pay cash down? Hero is another conjecture of an *‘inversion * which tho Bonate Committoo would do well to join the Houso Committeo in hunting up. LB TRIES T0 LAY THE DLAMH UFON THE PRINT- ERS. An article iu the Daily Chronicle of the 27th, signod * Prontiss," relatos that Mr, Olapp had informed tho writer thnt tho renson why “he charged go outragoously " was bacause the print- ors charged 80 high for_their work, and that he was controllod by the Union hero, Lot us sce how truo this is: For {ustance, lot it once be known that the work of the ofico isallto ba done by tho picca (ovenat 50 conts por 1,000 oms), and ho will find that his hands _will rnke from $40 to 850 por wook, instond of $24. This is an *'inversion " we wonld rejoice at. TuE “INVERSE' PRINCIPLE AS APFLIED TO COM- < YOBITION, Tho proéeedings of tho Senate Committes on Travsporution, o volumo just completed, mak- ing 963 pnges of loug-primer type, propurly should have mado only 663 pagos in tho same type, without omitting s word of tho manusoript. This I8 o caso whore the '‘invorse® principle would apply profitably and creditably, AN “INVEUHE " TIE WIONG WAY. On pago 23 of the Superintendent's roport fox 1679, wo find charged for printing (1o composi= tion) 626 pages of the Agricultural Repors, in which forty roams only of -paper wero usod, §884,63. Tha cost of tha paper, at $4 per ream, woukd bo $240 ; printing, dry-é:mnu]ng, aud folds ing, 8}40.35. Total, ©876,85.. ** Inverde," 40! I'ha writorof this artiole would like to show thoe Comuwittan on Priuting of tha Sonato whore $9,000 per your cau bo saved on the work of loss than.forty mon, and have tho work much neator and moro croditable. TESUAE, . Tho above statomonty, aithough not compre honding one-hundrodth part of tho uncodloss wasto and extravagauce of this ocstablishmont, are founded upon evidence contmined iu the worle itaolf, Whenovor a caroful, progrosaive, . . PRAQTICAL BOOK-PRINTER can be placed at the hond of this establishment, —ono whoso time sball bo solaly and steadil dovoted to the intorasts of hiw charge ; who wifl spond ab Joast six hours n day i tho active suporintondonco of tho busincss of his oflica ; and who will learn from personal acquainlanca tho qualifications of the mon uuder him, and promote and encouraga thom_sccording to thelr morits,—thon will tho grout United Statos huve n printing-ofico that will neithor call for "o yoarly Inoremso in apprapriations, uor extousion in bulldings, 0 moet thio wanta of tho Govarument ; but, an the con- trary, tho saving over the presont Ignnmnt By« tomn will bo so qrnut a8 to maro than pay the cost of franking all hnportaut documents ta tho pea- l;lu‘ and thay, too, 4 lborally as hag horotofora * T O colabtinont bo ' ostablishmont fa to n n tho futuroc ou [t bas lmtuu m xt‘l‘.m lust ton yoars, thore Is uo_ doubt but what at losst §300,000 & yoar could bo saved to tho Governmont by lottiug tho work by contract. Ax«%r;_l;l!clénb AT TUE (OVERNMENT PRINTING- —_——— —It 8 stated that tho fire in tho Emplro mino, . noar Wilkosbarre, Pa,, hns cosg u,n‘ a’an?]lmr:n,\" £110,000, #pont In ondenvoring to quench tha famon, ‘and $400,000 fn 0oal, whloh, bus for tha firo, tho minors would havo faken from tho oarth Y