Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 21, 1874, Page 4

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MARCH 21, 1874, WASHINGTON. Butler's Man Simmons—A Logieal Product of Our Political Systom. Prospect that' Butler Will Be the Next Governor of Massachusetts. The Government Printing Office, and Its $2,000,000 of Printing. From Our Own Correspondent. -WasinaToN, March 11, 1874, PEN HIMMONS, - 1 havo scon Simmons, the new Colloctor of the Port of Boston; and It is astonishing how fa~ milinr o groat man looks whon you como close tohim, Io Lins o hard lioad, eubstautial man- ner, vory nlert facultics, o smull body, and tho nddross of & young business-clork who had just got within tho partnorship, and spoke with mixoa modesty and suthority, Ho doos not drink or smoko, although his room was full of tobacco and chmmpague, and everybody was tonsting his great moral victory, as if he lad doserved » Ioman triumph. I am o littlo shy in such company, aud couldn't undor- stand it wholly. 1t soomed to mo that some- thing had beon dona for Mr. Simmons for somo logical if not good ronson, and that evorybody was bappy; but why, deponont could nat sny. What s donoo of a placo Washington is to con- fuse mon's intollectual aa woll ns morn! percop- tions, It is only by going into my room for days at a time, or gotting on my horso and riding off in the woods and Ianes, that X get any staudpoint on what is ocourring, It-was plain, howover, to understand the caso of this young now Collector. Ho was a Boston oy, of poor parentago, raisod in the rough North Ward. To be raised in tho rough North Ward of Boston, away fromthe Atlantic Aonthly the Common, Dr. Holmes, atid the Big Organ, is n navional discredit. Each ward of Boston, as you know, has the importance of n sovoreign Stato; and, when I montion the North Ward, you will undorstand the question, I did not, but was afraid to say so. It scoms that .thoy have boats in that ward, barrels of oil, ropo, rigging-lofts, and so forth, Theso things aro Toprehensible, and Bimmons crawled out from nmongst them. o shinned up s po- litical rope at an oarly age. Io was precocious on a epeech, Ho could take thouaked American englo in Lis Infant fingers, and squeozo that ray- age bird so that it would scream at a primary; andngain hoconld organizoaprecinot, put screws, o8 thoy call them, and wires, in motion, unti| ho advanced himself. /8 ono of his admirers sald tome: *“Ho raieed himself right up from & poor boy. He's desorvin' of a heap of credit.” 1 looked at this peor boy again,—direct, knotty, alive, indurated,—and felt that, in his fleld, Le was not o light<wolght, small though he stood in his stockings, Wo maintain o system, and call TIF LOGICAL PRODUCT ? of it hard namos. We livo on Beacon Hill, and voto the rogulur tickel year aftor yoar, like a band of indusorimiunting bigots ; and then, whon the North Ward orupts up Simnions, onr sonsi- bilities are shocked. We come to seo o Presidont, unlike Simmons chiefly in being his iuferior, and appoal to him to take this foundling off our door- knocker. Wo visit Boutwell, whose greatest nbilities are in combination and slyness, like Bimmons', and porsuade him to take tho back track at just that momont of time whon ho-is sure to slip up and fall on himself. We go to tho prosoneo of Bon Buller to gob our shins kicked, and that groat comodinn cocks bis oye, puts his thumb in his arm-pit, emiles a bright freen smilo of dosi¥sh joy, and procecds to suy that ho will nover desort the American soldier. How Boston was massacred that day by this great Gen. Gago! Ho took tho fmst and monnost, and withal the quaintcst revenge, and m::{ sixteen votes” in tho Sennta were cast agalnst_Simmous,—Democratn_supporting bim, updBoutwoll Drofesting with dismay. Thus, the Republican party in the conntry of its origit, in the eity of Josinh Quincy and John A. Audrew, i8 o witess of the flual victory of tac- tics over principles, managers over stateamen, and utihty-mon over exemplars. If this is not oyidence that it is amerely Pratorinn party, o Wallenstem's army, serving for plunder, none will over bo given. THE GEFUDLICAN PARTY has had no equal iu tho history of the United Btates for the completoness of itsdiscipline, the experience and ability of its politiciuns, the passivo obodience of ita voters, aud tho gradual extirpation of its moral and economical objects by the motive of intorest and leauged domin- fon, Iiow otherwiso could it have survived tho first term of Presldont Grant? How does it still carry & majority of tho elections in the midst of a cannonnde of exposures ? It canuot bo compared to tho Demacratio 4 arty in the dny of Jackson and Pierce 3 for that party. in Jackson's time, was decontralizing, not collecting power, and it toro tho United States Banl, the special artner of politics, ol to piecos, Desplto its iron Ennd, which took weight from the naturo of its Preuident, it was, in the main, the popular party, fighting 'tho et of cristallization. 1o pitronago ot tho Domocraitc varty noder Jr, Picrco was inconsoquontial, in the light of what wwe seo around us, Tho railraad-paironnge was but just beguo 3 tho construction of large pub- lic buildings hnd only started at the Capitad Oity, which was with opposition conceded an nque- duct. State rights, so much condomuned nowadays, had this good - effect: that every constituency wns mot n beggar around tho stops of tho Troneury, nud the Congressman of South Carolinn was not tho author of the definition, that the wuation was o geab-bng. Dospito tho vast and dark anomaly of Blavery, thero was a pride of locali- ty and & sonso of reserved character in both Now England and the South, which kept down famil- inrity, provented *pools” and *slates” between the States, and public mon watched each other n8 Gascon watches Norman, and Breton watches Alsnolan, in & French Assombly, The more commercial North 'succeedod to such notato of things, firat with riotons hilarity, and noxt with & vast lovy upon the encrgies and men of the country, which exceeded tho patronago of tha combined nations of civilization. DMolted and bardened In tho firo of the War, boys grow to bo Quartermnsters and Generals, disciplined and omboldened in advance of lmving formed any ecttled principloa of thinking or be- lioving. 'Thevo becamo the politicians and aclive citizena of the country at the close of thie contest, as yon oan hear by calling the rollof Congressand public character. Tho voting millions, with feclings intcnsified by the War, continué to live in its pnssions and momoried ; sud upon the basis of that Army of tho Union remaing tho Bocicty of the Oincinnati,—the managing politicians of the Republican party. 1t is tho Whig party, with ccletio politicians from all other parties, Domocrats predominnting. These men have litorally reconstructod Amorica in all things matoriu), nsing &Il for partyspat ronage, until they may bo called the National Boord of Public” Works - Umiversul jobbory, oxlonding to overy branch of businoss, is tho attendant of this enormons netivity, and the public mind is babituated to it. Lho press hay done nomoro then to oxposo it until the thing conses to bo intoresting, A OCivil Sorvice is gcoffed on every sldo, although such work ns wo aro enguged in muat, in its noture nnd oxcoss, luvolvo jobbory, unless conducted by alalled, responsible, aud pors manent oflicers. Lvery Buvenu of this Govern- ment now nspires to bhe a Department, with a Cabinot-officor; and it requires no foreaight to rmdlcz that we shall, if the same parly crries ho next Congrassional sud Presidontial oloction, Liave at lenst A DOZEN MEN IN TIE OAWINET, to give moro oq‘lm‘y 1o the distribution of ihe putronage. Nor is {t oxtravagant to ask for u Cabinet-officor over Duicaus which at prosent are duing such imperial and vorsatila work as the Axchitects’ and the Land-Office, The Minister of tho Interior kecps a kind of ofiicial dollar- gtore, where yon can buyall the contents af Noab's ark, got yonr l‘mokot picked, or fall in love with a~ pretty walter-girl. Mr, Dolana Iy mystoriona o8 & Jew who wears six hats, ono over the other ; and such i tangle of duties in- viten crookednoss of administration. Where can you goand not seo Cdovernment-worl with a politiclan proyided for fn it 7 I'hereforo, it is wild to attack Rimmona, if he did come from tho North Ward; for he Is a creature of the system, itm lelilt mato Prince, mlung his rights for the work ho has dong in .ho ppmo of the purly, Wil Joy derido sour Cuptains aud wmou of genfus? * Go, then,” snys tho Sonato, y aa the Nn-!"upor? rlotors ‘romarked to’ Simon Tapportif, ‘“and proside over your phalanx.” ko the Colloctorship of the Port “iuto which the Dritigh ten was emptled. Bibin tho chair of Gon. Linool, and think It no dln{nm{omoub to Hauntbal Hamlin, Do tho Lord-Lioutonant ‘of the politics of tho Biato for tho statesman of the party, Gon, Butlor, who 18 taking cnre of African freedom at tho South, nnd muleting (ho morchanta of tho workl,—at onco the Toua- parto, Foucho, and Ohristoplio of the period. JUTLEN'S PROSPECTS, The Erubnbhmnl are deoldedly in_favor of Batler boing tho noxt Governor of Massaohu- wetts, Tho following conversation I hold yoa- torday with an ox-Congressmun intimately ac- quatutod with both Dawes and Samuel Bowles, Mr. ChnfYeo, o said: “'Br, Dawes hns hoon eritlolsed far golng away during tho Simmons fight, Ho hd no part in that man's confirmation, bt i tived of bolng. uscd asn _catsprw for the unti-Butler faction of Boaton, Every timo thoy havon contest againat Butler, thoy drnémnn Dawes, and beat Butlor by his aid. A littlo timo ngo, Dawes wanted to como to tho Bennto, and he found Butlor sup- porting Bo\len!l‘ 80 ho gaid to the mon of Boncon it Tako part.’ _* O, non,’ sold they, ‘thut's your fight.' Mr. Dawes was boaten, and lie folt it dooply. Bo, when thoy said, lask woek : *Turn in hiero and holp us boat Bimmons,’ lio answered: *Oh noj that's your, fight." “Now," continuod Mr, Chaffeo, "Butler hag flung oft Boutwoll for his fast-aud-looss conduct on the 8immons quostion. Boutwell appeara to mo to bo forsakon. Dutlor will oithor get the Tepublican nomination next year at Worcaster, or run indopondently. He will get saven-elghtha of tho Domocratio vote, and all tho yillains in tho Ropublicnn purty; and thatwill boa clearmajority. Thon, with the advantago of being on the spot, and with Simmons and such oxporionced man- agors'in his party, Butler will olect such a Logis- laturo as ho requires, and boat Sumnor for the Senate. [This converantion was provious to Mr, Bumner's dmlth,} I think this is the opinion of all persons who look at tho flold with clear gyes.” Do you mind that, now? Aud, if Senntor, what next? Glamis he is, and Cawdor, and may bo King heresfter, What fs ho, too, butho splrit of the poriod ? . Thus tho conflrmation of Bimmons may have o National bearing; and the gontry, of Beacon Hill, who called polite nnmes ‘on everybody who anticipated this stato of things in the Ropubli~ can_ party by bolting with Carl Schurz, Frank Bird, Charles Bumner, and Lyman Trumbnll, in 1872, hove to bolt in their turn, sud perhops be Inughed at fore and aft. BUTLER AT IGHT. Geon, Butleris the man of tha periad, His ine flnonco is theonly thing emanating from him which is not merotricious; It 18 wide, and, to n cortain dogreo, substantial, Firat, he ia rich, A lnrge fortuno is piled np bohind him, and it steadily inoreases, nmmufih Lo is liborsl with money and hospitality. His power to amass monay nlways exceeds hia power to spond it. At this moment, he is building a honso in Washing- ton, on the searp crest of Capitol Hill, a8 near tho Capitol as it is possiblo tobe; and tho stylo of the houso I8 proscribed by tho National Arch- itect, and its materials aro massive granito, in rongh blocks, and heavy brick masanry, lile that of houses of the past contnry. 'Thora is no tom- porality sbout his mtentions, e hns como to stay. Nost, ho bag perpotual industry, and tom- pevanco without abstinenco, Evorlusting go is the word for bhim. Industrious, too, with mothod, which is the wagon-brake of industry, enving slips- ond loss of pro- gress, Ho las many hands to assist him, and, with & suporb momory, particularly of bonefits and_injurios, ho keops 5 Doomsdny- Book of all he knows. 1lo is vorsatilo 88 2 Bo- homian of tho firat class, nnd that is what ho is: o Yankou elock with a Bohemian attachment,—a cock-oyo thut appenrs at the striking of the Tours, and says, with & flap of tho winge, *Cuckoo!” You domnot lmow what indunstry menns who have not acen Butlor's carrlngo dash up the Avomue, his clorks comie and go, his Jamp burn_ late, and hiw’ social ~ lifo apparently loso no point by his_abrorption elsewhere. Ho hns courago, ‘mental, moral, and physical ; and, althongh son- sitive and_ injudicious, survives all by bLin tennacity and bounce. o isa domagogue, bub he always sustains himself, even inau absurd role. Iis instincts are unerring ; and, whore ho cannot enlighton, ho can dodge, a crowd. His property-raom and wardrobo are cheap, but in this lies his mastorly coonomy. Lilc Quince, Bottom, and Snout, be can assuma to be a wall, = lion, or moonshine. TUE TWO MILLIONS OF PNINTING. The rofusal of Congress to restoro tho frank- ing-privilego throws into a_defonsive position the Government Printing-Oftice and Ilindery, which is the most stapendous accossory of that privilege. What is to b dous with the mighty mass of books rolled ont of this ostablishmont Dy thousands of tons, whon thero exists no way to transmit them to tho country ? Members of Congress used to answer this wrong-end fore~ most, aud insist that 3 Governmont printing- ofieo required o franking-privilege. Impartinl oritics turn the sentence the othor way, and argue that no franking-privilege must bo follow- od by the dismantloment of much of this print- ing-office. Look nt it 1 Back in the dnys of Plerco and Buchanan, o notorious jobbor in_printiug-contracts, by tho name of Cornelius Wondell, orected a largo briol factary to porform his printing, maditating from the first to sell the concern to the United States. Just as the Democratio regime was about to ex- pire, Congresa approprinted monoy to fulfll tho plous intentions of this jobher. Tor elght yenra l)revlouslv, Congress had imposed a Superin- endent, 80 called, over the contractors ; but, at this timo, Cougross condignly gobbled' up the whole premises, Penusylvania had enjoyed the main emoluments for six years, under threo of Ber political prinfors, the Inst ¢f shom was John Hoart. 1In his place, the Republican party put John D, Defrees, ar honest man, but n useful political managor, whom Mr. Lincoln and. Mr. Colfax had ronson to roward. Nat- urally tho bueiness jumped st onco to great proportions, as thore was an ifinite quantity of work to bo dono in time of war for Mr. §oward, ifr. Welles, Camoron and Btanton, and’ Chaso and McCulloch. Whon Mr, Jolhnson acceded, ho put Wendoll back to super- intend tho very promiszs and proporty ho ‘had bargained off to the Democratic barty, Wendell, though nominally bankrupt, died leaving a largo fortune, and amonges his last nets was an at- tempt to purchaso Mr. Jolnson's nequittal with the wealth ho got as Public Printor. Mr, Defroes was then restored, and held tho place until 1869, when, by o conspiracy botwocn Mor- ton, Fonton, and the carpot-baggors,—Mr, Colfax nsnunfin% or at least giving 110 warnivg to his friend,—Defrocs was turned out without cause, and M, A. M. Clapp, of Buffalo, o henchmau of Fenton, put in charge, Ho has over sinco beon the Congroselonal Printer, . THE PUBLIC TRINTER. Dofroes was no stickler for unnccossary work, and I have troquently hoard him say that tho un~ restrained oxistonco of such an ofiico was a tomp- tation to public men to print nnnocossary and expeneive matter, Ho told me, in 1868, that Mr. Soward, who had n llterary and book-making propongity, was sponding too much moncy. Ho Yol me, & fortnight ngo, at myown inquiry, that to print tho Agricultural Report to the oxtent of 00,000 copies, as wanted, wonld cost $450,000 at lonst, and would bo of no norvice, except fo pive wrapping paper to country-stores. ** It in shorte wighted polivy in Congressmon, too,” said Alr, Defrecs ; * for everv copy they bestow upon a constituont makos half-a-dozen othor men jeal- ons who do not get the books,"” Mr. Clapp Lasno such qualins, o is a largo, driving, Wostern New York man, who is engagod in the porpotunl manufacture of argumouts in favor of more {Jriullufi" anbnhly professional aud political pride impel him to aspirotobon vant utility in - the Government; but the spmo pride doos not fncite him to make closo ostimates, or to give any precise explanations of how hie rendors his accounts, kechs sccount of stoclt, and uses reasounsblo economy in his ofco. T'he Government Printing Houso oxoites a natural hostility 1n Wachington City, as it would 1 Ohicago if you had it thoro, bocauso ity lmqn oxoess of compositors would almost be able to presoribe the ratos to your Printors’ Union ; and you can_well undemtund that voling printers, Appointed by politiolany, uust - have tho hightost pay. = It costs mniore to print nowspapors ~ in Washington thau _any- where olse in Amerion. Ono of tho dailics challenged tho Printing Oftlies, o fow daye ago ; and Mr. Clapp_immedintely nent an aitldavit to bo read at tho Clork's dosk in the Benato, charging tho publishor with baving bor- rowoed forty roums of paper from him, It was asked at oneo what right Mr, Olapp had to lond the Government's paper ; and, having lont it without uenurnx why should he employ tho fact to throw discro ‘Lupunhlnmlvom-r 'nohullenge, partionlarly at & place of such dignity ns the !}lnrk‘u del? 1t looked vory much as” if the Gongressional Printor wantod to binf the nows- popor-putlisher out of tho ficld, 1 havono doubt but that the newspaper-publiser Lold the opinion that his concern could got some public wark if thore wns no Printing Oflice; but le mlpiln also have had reason to growl at his for- midabio woekly hilly, when ho kuow that thls poiltical printing establishment, with its 800 btunds of typo m the composing-room, wa fix- ing all thd raton, viounrs, It I8 not dostinble that ilis_ offlos shonld bo abolished; but thet it should bo tanght -ihe economy nocersaty ab thin perlud s, npparent, whou we reud {48 bonst that {t contalub 63 prosu- on, turna out 1,000,000 volumes a year, roquires 120,000 ;m;inu of doonmentary composition, and i8 475 foot loug by 60 feet docp, aud_ four-storios high, TIbis traly said that, while this Trinting Ollice chargos Congroess_nominal-‘rates, it flxes o differgnt tarlff upon Excoutive Dopartmonts, nnd overy one of tf\um hag o doflolonoy for print- Ing hm\[m(l up on tho ponding yonr, The Postmastor Goneral's Dapartmont in be- hind $176,000, A liitle Inqulry bas beon ofticihl- 1y made into the concorn, and nirendy its want of systom and high ratos huve beon oxposod to such a dograo thot Mr, Clapp has lost Ela tom- por, Ihold in myhand the roports of this offico from 1800 to 1878, In 186D, whon tho oxpenson wera abovo $1,600,000, M.’ Olapp demaudod an extonslon to cost $100,000, In 1870, his bill was £1,010,000. Ho addod o stdrootvpe-toundry, and was 177,000 volumea behind, for want of moro room, which he urgontly tmplored, - Tha noxt inmr, 1871, bis.bill ran up about £30,000, In 1872 ho eallod for mora housoroom, and his bill was above 91,800,000, Finally, in 1879, ho roquirod & wholo now \\'IHJ.' to bis establishmont, which would malo {t 050 faot front, or ona of tho Jarg- eat buildings in tho world, Tho public binding had lenped up 3220,000 sinco Mr, Clapp's ncoes- sion, the cost of pnimr was advanced nearly 140,000, and tho printlug $170,000. The entire disbursoments bad boon nearly £2,000,000, and thore was s0 mmch work orderad, bit incom- plote, that to road the roport was to leave ono unsottled and dopressed. Buch is one of tho vaat concorns whioh hns scrambled up fn politics from little to big, and from big to Jabyrinthino, until it onts paper, calf-gkin, thrend, and type-metal, nnd approprin- tions like o monster. "At its ratio of incranso, in dumonsiona aud expanse, it will bo bofors long one of tho mightiest alephants at the Capi- tnl, Indlsponsablo as n_political institution, and utterly unmanagonblo by rosson of tho' infinite units which defy computation In sitch o placo without the most acourate method. Thore aroa hundrod little abusos in this ostablisnmant scarcoly worth reforring to, such as tho binding up of back numbers of magazines and all man- nor of trash for privato libraries, Porhaps it is Just aa woll that somebody's library shonld have tho bonofit of 80 much unncoessary matnélnl‘ ATH, THE FIELD AND STABLE. Pork ns an Article of Ilumnn Foodes £igs Much Better than Thoeir Repue~ tation=«Pigs, as a Itace, Ponvess Great Vitality, and Nave NKittle Tendency to Become Discascd=-Tho Great Uscfulficss of Pigs--Pig-Pons. Fyon: Our Opn Correspondent. MANHATTAY, Kan,, March 18, 1874, PORK AB AN ARTICLE OF MUMAN F0OD, Just now, soveral leotuvers and writors try hard to make pooplo believe that pork is not s proper articlo of human food. Thoy arguo—nt loast Roma of thom—in a very peouliar manner. Ono, for fustance,—who, by the way, is better varsod in thoological lore and in the anciont Ianguages, but especinlly In the otymology of words, than in physiology and hygiene, and in uatural scionces in gsneral,—says pork should not be caton, and i not fit to eat for Amorican pooplo, for throo rensons : Fivat, it stands in the Diblo that porkchas been or is forbidden to the Jows, becouso it is unclean, and comes from a “hog;" secondly, zoologists call our domesti- ented porker * sus serofa,"—theroforo tho eating of pork causgs serofula; and, thirdly, pork, which hie delights 1n calling * blubbor,” is nothing bat carbon, and carbon {s—is something vory terri- ble. Ience ho comea to tho conclusion that it ig & crimo committed on mankind to raiso pigs. Another one tries to soaro” tha people with meatles (of pigs) and with trichina spiralis ; and” another ono charges pigs with flthiness, with hoing subjoct to skin-disonses, and to— hog- cholora, Still another goos o far a8 to say that pigaaro possossad by devils, sinco Christ por- mitted a legion to pnss into a hord of swine. But enough ; lot them talk, and lot them rite, If wo examine the cago from an impartial and unbi- nased standnoint, and divest all that hes beon anid ngainst pork and porkers from cverything that is imaginary or mot truo, ‘and take the fanaticism, tho idiosynoracics, and tho ignorance of those lecturors and riters for simply thnt what thoy desorve, we shall find, firat, that pork is not a contemptible, useless, unwholesomo, and unsubstautisl food; and o man who hag to do a hard day's worl, and “hag to ent his biroad in the sweat of his face,” dooy by no moans despige it, but profers it vory oftan to tho choicost beaf or mutton. This is but nat- ural, for pork furnishios, mora almost than aoy- thing olse, not only the clomonts required to support tho respiratory pracoss, but also thona which aro principally noeded by ta0 organism of a Ilaboring man_to repair tno continual organio wasto of matorial, as modified and incronsed by hard Iabor. It is brue, pork can Do tao faf, or bo too budly sorvad or prepared by tho caokt to be tnsty, even to the palate of a Iaboring man ; but so can beef and mutton, and uvurylhlng olsig, 8 can bo found ot very cnsily in cortnin boards ing-hounos, Neithor is pork sovery unsubstantinl an article of food a8 some of those writers and lacturora ara anxions to make us believe, Whila the body of almoat every othor domesticated ‘mammal contans between 66 and 75 per cent of ‘water, the body of a fat pigcontainod, ccording to analynos made In {ho Royal Agriouttural Col loge at Eldonn, in Prussia, only 45.3 por con: and tho romninder, the wator-froo mubstance, contamed 20,1 por cont _of proteino-substances, T7.1 por cont of fat, and 8 per cont of mineral substanacs. It is truo pork is not o rich in nitrogen as beef, for instance; but 1t is nat nitroitan slono that i required in thoe food. Tork, of courso, 18 not always of the samo quality. TIts firmnoss, or softness, and olliness, respeatively, depond, firet upon tho breod of the animal, and secondly upon tha kind of food with which the samo has beon fattened. As n, gonoral rule, tho small breeds of hogs, but espe- oinlly the small Chinose and (Fnst) In pigs, and the pigs of Naplee, and their descend- ants, have n much softor pork than the larger breods of Enpland and of Central Europe and their descondants, Tho so-callod improved breods produce & firm pork, containing n good doal of musclo, if tho samo have comparatively ‘but little blood of the small broods of a South- orn climato; and prodnca_n soft and ofly pork, ifthe samo have but littlo, or scarcely any, blood of the old hog of England or of Contral Turope. ‘Tho {4od also enuses considerablo dif~ foronces in tho quality of the pork, Darloy pro- duces the firmest and” most eolld porl, and oata produce the softeat,—oven softor and more oily than that produced by feeding core. The fat of hogs fattenod with barley becomes fluid at 1058 deg. F., ond fho fal of hoj fattoned with oats at 1004 dog. I, Tho former, whon fluid, stiffons 11 one hourat o tom- porature of89.6 dog., IV, and the Inttorin six houra at a temperature of 76.2 deg., F. Consequently, ono who profers vory solid pork must chooso i of o Intgo breod, snd must fattan it with arloy ; and ono who desiros his porlf soft may woleot n amall breod, and fatten tho samo with corn ar with oats, Tt mav bo well to remark liore that the focding of much slt (chlorido of sodium) is injurions to pigs, nnd intorferes with their growth and with the process of fattening, Investigating further, wo ehall find, sccondly. that P108 ARE DUCH BETTER THAN THEI NEPUTATION, and have done, and nro dolng, much more for mankind than mankind has donoe, and 13 doing, for them, First, thoro 18 no domesticated auimal that Is, 08 o genoral rulo, ko much nogloctad Dy its owner, and loft to its own_resources, bo- foro it is futtoned for tlie shanbles, a8 & pig; and atill, there {8 1o other aninal that convorts its faod #o soon into food for human beings. Bacondly, a ti'lu an omnivorous animal; that is, cnn foed and thrive on buth animul and vogetn- blo substanees; is not very particulsr, and con- sumes withsome rollsh almost any offal from tho table,"from the dairy, and from the kitchen and garden, whioh can ecarcely be utilizod in any oflier way, with which it eats tho grain of tho fleld, the graes and clover of tho pusturo, and tho ncorns of tho forest. Thereforo, almos! any family can raiso and fatten ono or two p(f;u with genrcely any_exponse whatever. Thirdly, pigs ars nccurod of being dirty and fithy, and fond of wallowing in the mud, This is a calumny, for soarcoly any of our domestio anlmals keops its stall knd its bod- ding an clonn a8 a pig, provided the' lattor {8 not compolled by the carclossnesa or by the igno- runco of 1ts owner to sleop und to deposlt ita ax- otoments &b tho anme pluco, hut Is provided with o good, dr{, warm, woll-littorod sud well-venti- Inted pon £0 slooptu, and with a yard whioh it ean wally Into at its own plensire, Turthor, thora is no animal thut it 18 more fond of being brushed, rubboed, washed and pettod, or that on- Joya a zaad both in cloan, fresh, and cool water a8 much as does o I)m, especially in the suminer, when w daily bath is 80 ossential to tho hoalth of tho animal,” A pig takena buth in & mud-pool only whon no othier opportuuity is loft, FIGH," A A IACK, YOBSES (UEAT VITALITY, AND IAVE LITTLE TENDENOY TO BECOME DISEARED, Pign not only aro pmong tho earlicst domes. ticated animals, thiat woro mado the sorvants of mun loug bofare the historio ors, but tho same belong also to o vlasy of nuimals—the paohyd ermuta—that hos beon in oxistonco much enrlior then any other of those cluskos of mammaly of whioh our other domeatlo anitnals nto mombers, Digs bolong ton class whileh Is go old Lhat & gront mnuy of ity familics beenna oxtinot nt or bofora tho anrlicst stono-ago of the palcontologists, and whick have loft nothing vehind uxcu[;b rome unnte of thoelr fossllizod “bones, Of thin class only threo familics—the first comprising tho olophnnts ; the socond, the rhitioceros, the hip- popotnmus, and tho tapis; and the third, the swino, of * which our ~porkor {8 tho mout lmnnr)nut sl most useful mombor— have survived and proserved fhelr ox- itonco to our prosont times, © Thiy cortalnly proves that theso throo families, bul principally tho Inst-nimed one, and especially ono apecles of the @amo,—oir domasticated norker, which has spread over tho whole globo, and hag accommodated {iaolf and ita constitntion and babits o altnost oyory climato, condltion, eurrounding, and manner “of keoplng,—mus! possces tha grestest vitality an o raco, and Lo ablo to resist averaa Influonces in a romarkabla degroe, This bocomos tho mora consplouous it it Ia constdered how much, na a general rule, our domostio pigs have to suffer under the influonce of domosticntion, clthor by closn couflncment, froquontly In a vary dirty sty, or by grossnegleol and bad caro. As to tho dinosses to which our domesti- cated plgs aro subjoct, yos, thero aro sovoral ;. "but most {f mot mil of thom aro tho ‘conmequenco. of domestication, and tho caralousnoss, and tho bad keoping bo~ stowad uFon thom by thelr ownors, It would lona too far, {n a short article like this, to yonti- lato tho cauges of nll tho disenscs; therofore T will mention only a fow principal ones,—principal in 8o far ny tho samo nro usod na & bugbear to searo poople who. rellsh a slico of ham, or eat pork and enuenges, First—Tho moneles, Plga will not have mon- sloa—that i, will not harbor any egsticorous col- Iullosn, or cyat-worm, from which devalops tha tapo-worm of man—if tho samo have no access to human cxorements coutalning tho oggs of n tapa-worm, cond—Trichinn spiralis, The best provent- iva ngalust: this parnsitio worm ts to prohibit pigs a8 much as possible from onting animnl subslances, but principally slanghter-houso offal of tholr own_ kind, especlally fn & coun- try or in a district whore trichinosls has munde itsappearanco ; and to keop cats onough to wage a succossful war of destruction against rata and mico, which nro claimod to bo thoso animals from whioh pigs, in mauy_cases, b thelr trichinm. Turthor, oven if pork should b infoated with trichinm, tho lnttor becomo por- feotly harmless it tho porlk I8 woll cooked, fried or ranstod, and not onton raw or half-dona, Third—So-called hog-cholera. Of this dis- engo I ghnll havo a fow words to sy at another timo. At presont it may suffico” that the so- enllod hog-chioldra cen bo provented by proper care aud keoping, rational feeding, cleanliness, and by glving the pigs an urparmnu,v to tako, at lenst onco a dny, especially in the summor, a bath in clean, fresh, nnd cool water, ZFourth—Scrofuln, tuberculosis, and soveral skin disenses, are, in nine cases out of ton, products of closo, or continuned in-and-in breeding (in- coat): and also, to some extent, of kooping tho plgs in & narrow, filthy. and badly-ventilated sty Cloan in-and-in brooding dostroys the fecundity, catikos tho pigs to becomo stunted when wennod, produces a wonk and sickly coustitntion, a tond- enoy to_scrofnlous disenscs, to skin-disonscs, and to disonsos of the respiratory organw, cto, Consaquently, all theso discanns can ba prevent- ed, or nt lonat their ocousrenco can bo mado comparatively raro, THE GREAT USEFULNESS OF Y108 28 moat and fat producing snimnls is anrivaled by any other live-stock. — ‘Thoro in no ather ani- mal of which thero is so littla wasto when well- fattoned. According to experimonts mado at tho Toval Agtonltural Collogo nt El- dens, Prussia, and communicatod by Prof. Dr. 0. Rohdo, of that institution, 100 pounda of live wolghtof an Eesox big confained 9% pounds of usoful material, and only 6 pounds wore useless. Tho offal of a vross botween o Yorkshiro and & common conntry pig was utill leas, and amounted only to 5.8 por cont of tho livo-weight, and that of » pure-bred Yorkshiro wos emailer yo, anly 4 por cent. Further, n common country-pig dreased 74 per cent of ity live-welght; n croes betweon Yorkshiro and country pig. 87 por cont; o cross between Essox and Yorlighirg, 88 por it ; i Bsox pig 00 pee cont ; and a Yorkshira, 60 por cout. There is not another animal that ean show 8o much dresred welght, com‘mred with its lve-woight. Above I hava given the higheat norcontage; the lowest was 70, 73, 74,73, and 76 por cout, re- spectively. TIG-TENS, Of the greatest importanco s a gaod and well- construutad pig-pon,—somothing which is too ofton noglected, or not thcughb of ; for almosp overy ono seoms to think that a porker is over o hog,” and may wallow in tho mud, or be ox- poged with fmpunity to frost and heat, to snow and storm, to tha burning rays of the aun and to rain, to foul nir, and to the influence of mud, dirt, aud evory kind of nastiness, It is true, o ig, a4 such, has a very good aud robust consti- [‘uzfum and oan stand many injurious inlluences, apparontly with impunily, to which any other animal would sncoumb ; but, notwithutanding, & pig, slthough only & pig, is Just an thanlful oy any other snimel, and in somo respects still mora so, for a_good, comfortable, clenn, dry, warm, well-ventilatod, and well-littorad stable ; and should have it. VETERINARIAN, . —_———— THE TEWMPERANCE MOVEMENT. o the Editor of The Clitcagn Tribune : Bm: Lhissubject is ono of gront interest to every temperato man and woman throughout the conntry. Itis of intorest to ovory ono, tompar- ato or intomporato ; but, Tam sorry to say, it ia not interesting to every one. During mid-winter, the women of certain towns in Southorn Obio, dospeiring’ of aid from the Btate and municipal authorities for the suppres- sion of tho traflic in intoxicating liquors, which wag dovastating thelr homos and destroying themselvos and their familios, took couusel of their own hoarts, and, by common-consent, mect- ing in their churches, praceeded thenco to the liquor-galoons, whero thoy knolt and prayed that the Almighty, in whose namo they had nssom- bled, would touch the hoarts of tho liquor-venu- ors and canap them to abandon the trade. Some- times they wero- courteously received, aud hon- ored for their worlk's sako ; but, in most cases, thoy wera rudaly rupuyunq and joorod at, and do- nied admiltance to the drinking-places, Dut the rosult in all cnsos was tho samo. The women never paused or desisted, bnt’ continued their lubors il the same. Thoy knelt and prayed on tho rough, sanded floors of the bar-rooms, it permitted to do g0 ; but, if not, thoy tool tholr Places on the mdewalks in front of tlic entrancos, aud tnore, undaunted by cold, or min, or anow, thoy mingled the veics of supplication and praiee. = In 10 caso did their faith fail, They sepnrated at night to mcet again tho next dny ob the samo placo, t» renow tho spiritual conflict. Somotimos it took days snd sometimes waeoks, but tho tough hearts or the liguor-sellora swora alwnys subdued at laat, until they brought out barrels and demijohins, and Lroke them, in pledgo that they would abandon tho traflic at ones and forever, e little ripplo which was disturbed on tho grent ocenn in Ohlo has sinee swollen iuto a mighty wave, has burst over the bonndarios of that Btato, rolled -through Indinna and Illinois, crossod tho Mississippl, and -is still surgig wostward with an ever-increasing momentum, T'ho North and South have slyo seon and folt its Buwar; and aven the shoros of the Atlantic have een #prinkled with its apray. Tho newspapers now rend like tho vislons of the Prophets of old, T'ho whole population seems etirred by mighty and mysterious influenco to put away tho sin and shame of drunkennoss Prnm tho land. - Philosophors explain aud revilers mock a8 usunl ; but tho workors aseribo ol their suce ceas to the Lord, and attompt nothing oxcept in His name. Aud truly no greater marvel hins beonwitnessod “fu All the centurios sinco tho Eastern shiopherds were warned by angels of tho birth of tho Honvenly King, The spectacle of & whola population nrfi!lug in thoir moral might for tho supprossion of even a gingle ovil is ono_that cannot but mnke tho world moro hopefnl for the future of our country. Suroly it nrgues much for tho €uture of tho United States that the women-should rise up, say, in & fronzy of roligions enthusiasm, apaiust what they rogard as tho greatost ovil to which they and fheir famllics are oxposed. The momory of this thing eannat ensily dioaway ; and the sons; brothers, and huabands of the womon who have thus handed thomselves againet futom- orance, -oan bardly forget tho losson in thelr itoctims. - - Dut, It'ls objected, thoso womon are wonk, emotional, and vain, and no permanont rosulta can follow from thelr prosout efforts, Well, the conturios hnvd passed away siube-2a company of plain, humble mon banded themsolvea in the nao of tho Mot Tigh, deflanco of civil and religious hiberty in England ; and now there 18 no English-speaking man or women in all the world who is not lawfully ontitlod to the fullost liborty of thought sud aotion, W'ho full results of this movemont bolong to the unknown future. Bo long a8 the womon of Amorica continue to worlk and pray, so long may we axpect to witness tho continuauce and oxtension of this grantont miraclo of madern timos. 1f thoy faint not or losa fatth, oven the slums of Ohioago may be swopt as olonn s tho purest village lu Ohio. Oh! womon of Ohleago, remain firm! G.G. FREE LIBRARIES. Their 'History, Organization, Ude, and Influence. ‘Adilross by Mr. Z. Enstman at tho In- auguration of the Free Publle Lihrary of‘tho Town of Elgin, 111, On Thursday evening, tho 10th inet., the Froo Tublio Library of tho Town of Eigin, 1L, was innugurated in the Library Moil, This hall oo- cupioa tho whole of the third-story of the Homo Bank building, nnd is a large, commodious, and woll-lighted room, It ling hoon elogantly fittod up by tho Board' of Direotors, and containg ‘about 2,000 volumos, and tho nuclous of n Mu- soum aud Art Grilery. The walls wero adornod Dy a largo colléction of paintings, mostly by Bl- gin artists, which will remain for a short poriod, until probably othor pletiwen will tako tholr place, Tho Board of Dircotors, olocted last yenr by the town, consisis of J. O, Boaworth, Z. Enstmon, E, 0. Lovel, James W, Spillard, J. W. Ranstead, and W. I, Hintz % Eastman was, on tho organization of the Board, clooted its Pyosidont. On the oponing of the Library Mr. Enstman gavae tho following INAUGURAL ADDRESS: ZLadies and Genllenten: . The Board of Dircciors of the Freo Lublio Library of tha Town of Elgin have called tho cltizons of tho town tagother, now represonted by tho ladics and gentlomen proscnt, to hava you placed in harmony and sympathy with thom in tho managemont and in thie future prosperity ond auccess of this institution, Plonso firat to notlce- 3 WIAT IT 18, It scoms only to bo a colloction of hooks on sholves, and a'sories of nowspapors on dosks, for readlug, with somo show of pictures npon the walls for adornmont.,’ ‘Chero is nothing vory magnificont in the oxternal show of a Tublic Library, thongh a very charming sight to thoso-who love litorature. Tho picture shiows, on its faco whatit is,—yot the good picture will bear study, like tho human counten- anco; but the book, like the humen heart, to bo known must be studied within, What you sec isnotall. This is o I'roo Publlo Library,— o Freo Roading Roor ; an institution adaptod by votoof tho town, supportedby n solf-imposed tax of thoinhabitants, and, thereforo, o publicinstitu- tion. 1L is not moroly s City Library,—it is a Town Library; tho farmor in the most dls- tant corner bas the samo priviloge hero ns tho city morchant or lawyor. This fitting-up (oxoopt tho srticles doposited), nnd this collection of Looks are town-proporty.. Every poor man, overy ohild, bas a personsl intorost hore, Thora is no mora monopoly than thoro ia in the streota” and’ bridges of tho town., It is froo, to read hore, or take books to your homea from hore, to overy iubabitant of tho town, s fho Btroots 8ro frap for publio travel, and tho bridges “that cross your river. ‘[hose — books .and bridges — are subjooct {o bo govorned by proper rulos and Jows, undor the control of the publie, throngh the agents tho pooplo in thelr town-meotings soloct to havo chargo of tho stroots or havo control of tho Lis brary, to mainfain it as tho lnw prescribos, ‘Thera is this dilferonco morally: The streots are materinl,—aro for travel,—the pathwzy of ani- mals, and for the feot of wan, ‘This inatitution is oducational, it is the PATHWAY OF THE MIND, and an avenue in which tho intelloct may travel ta the grand plunaclo of human knowladgo,onco ropresented by n splendid templo. T'his lnstitution s o more perfect parallel in the frec-school systom. 'T'hal is supported by taxation, and is managed by & Board of School- Directors, This Library, X enid, was supported by tagation, and is undor the chnrgo of n Board of Dircetors, eleoted by the votes of oitizens nt n town-moeting, Tho Freo-School system, in its early days, hod to pass through the ordeal of aritiviem, fault-fuding, and tox-gmmblors, until it is b last admitted to bo tho chief glory of onr Ropublio. You ‘wonld as #oon abandon your public atroots as to leavo tho soliools without tho vurture of tho publio tax; and r8 soon tear up your bridgoes s to domolish the district achool-house. It will probably bo sa with this library-system as it was with tho school-system; it will "not bo ap- preciated at fitat; it will bo & mark for the tax-grumblers, and those who can geo no progress in human socioty that does not go throngh the pooket, that does go up through the heart and head of man. It is the business of the beyt mon in thia town (and the women to help)—tho mon who carry the bost ordnined pursos, who bave the best hearts, and ihe most enturprising minds—to soo that this Labeary is earricd to succoss, ‘This Library is founded upon & public nct of tho Logielatuto of the Btate, anthorizing “oities and towns to organize and maintain freo pub- lio libraries nnd rending-rooms,” npproved Maren 7, 1872; and it authorizes n tax by vote of the town, and tha election of n Donrd of Directors’ to have charge of the Library fund, and to maintain that Library,—keop'it going. Tho orgnnization, liko tho achool-system, fa perpstual. Unless the un- wisdom of this town, which alone ean unde the ood dono, should o otherwiso determine, this ibrary mey Inst a8 long as_yonr schools shalt inat; and'that, I think, will be along time, My friends, I want you to . ILLIEVE IN ELOIN, Thia is but an infant town vot. Thore are mon on thia platform that have staod by the side of monumants, have passed throuh the portals of templey, have oven wnrnllil)ull in churchics with which, to compare tho longth of existence, tho life of Elgin is but that of an infant a day old, Now, this thing ia suros fierawill bena entl fo Elgin until there be the énd of all thinga, Thero wiil always bo childron horo to lenrn to road, and older children to gather storos of knowledgo from a Public Library, Our laws havo oponed & channel for strenms of culture that will flow on forovor. T want the citizons of Elgin to feel to- night that that thoy aro planting acorns for live onks, or rather cones for cednrs, which will pro- dnes trees to flonrish-for all timo, liko the Trees of God on Alt, Liobanon. 3 Thin Inw of Tllinols, suthorizing the orzani- zation of this Library, introduced & now ors, a3 it woro, in loglslation. In somo of the Esstern States (I think Now Hampshire) thoy have a similar law, and somo Libraries organized nnder it’; but, even thero, thoy have not such an act 88 to plnco, as ours does, the plan of common- anlmo?eduunuon on & plane extonded to children of & largor growth, In Doston they keep up tho Publie Librarics by taxation, and they have all proved auccossfnl; but thoro are by specinl oharters, Our Inw anthorizes a Library to be founded in any olty or township of tho Stato whero tho inhabitants mny voto forit. Inmy opinion, it will not be many years bofora thoro will be euch a Library in . RVERY POFULOUE TOWNSHIP of this Btato. When I camo to Ilinola to live, thoro was not & township organivation in the Btato, and froo Aeliools in tho couutry wore nob common, Thero were no Eunms who wanted township-organization ; and tho carly sottlors 1ind no lovo for freo scliools. Wo do not beliave thnt those poople hnd then got upon the highest lane of olvilization, Like progress will make he froe library as common ina goneration ns tho -school-syatem, It i very dosirablo that Elgin, having taken ‘an early start, may be n sort of specimen for othior towns to pottern_after. Chicago has organized its groat Free Library upon this law ; but it Is not much favther, if 8o far, advauced as this Li- brary 4. Tt i« very proper, and it is only juat, to stato that this Freo Libeary, which introduces a now eru in logislationfhad tho efivient aid, in its origly, of "the_gontloman who has boon mads Olalrman of this meoting, our Inte Mayor, GEONAE A, TOWEN, Ho'nsriated the gentlomen in Chicngo who da- visod tho plan; and ho went to Bpringfleld and personally superintonded the paseago of the lnw, thiough not n momber, It is not a pleasan thought that good lawas nave to bo lobbied throngh, while bad Inws go by native inutinot, or aro carried by bribery, It is becausoe of the intorest our friomd who acouples tho Ohelr hus folt in this publio lnw, and in this Library in partioular, that it is verv gratifying to us that 1 fila tho pinco to-night. i ‘Tho Pown of Elgin voted to orgamzo the Tibrary, and to tax themsolvea for ita'maine tonancey and, in the proper time, eleoled iho Board o! Dirootors to do their will in organizing and keoping up the Library, -Ihore havo beon difffoultion, ouch as prosuring -a propor balt (which at Tast yon mao wo have, in_olayance far surpassing our first -oxpootationd), wlich have doloyed the opening of the Library much hoyond our dealres. The amount of tho tax to bo received this yearls about §9,000, Lhero wore 1,200 taxpayers to makoup this sum, Tho avor- ngo cost to onch taxpayoer {a &3 ; and mora than half, probably, havo pald loss than 81 ench. For this small nvorngo teo of 83 to the taxpayer, which 10 loss than tha cost of n firat-olans nows- paper, you have for every inhabitant of ths town tho free use of this Lilvary ; to take tha hooke to youtr owa dwelllngs, and to read tha hundred nowpapers nnd periodieals which will Bo kopt horo; to come hore to thip I)lnnmml lall, which will bo well warmed and lighted, and in summer well vontilatod and cool; road tho books of amusement or knowl- “flf” study over what ‘you rend, and think; writo if you liko ; and, if yon wish a soolal cliat with your frionds, or wish to mako s business or friondly appointment with auy to meet you ot thin popular nuclous of koolal Tutorconrso,—tho pubtio parlors and recoplion-rooms of the town, —loro you can Totite. to tho sldo room at the right, and onjoy all thoso priviloges, whora con~ vorsation will bio allowed,— ALL YOR: THREE DOLLATS A YBAR. It ia much bettor than A. Ward's wax-show; and, liko him, wo can eay, Inving paid, you can taka your choloo,—go in or stay nway, a8 you lko, " It in vory free. And the wholo cost of this, and keaping it up yoarly, will not bo much above tho oxpeneos of ono of your most popular churohes, Ia not this an oconomioal invost- ment ? It is in harmony with overy clwrch, and the academy, and schools, and overy.inati- tution ; with your watch factory, and the woolen mill, or slige shop, and the insane asylum even ; and T venturo my humble opinion (T do not com= mit tho Donrd to it) that it {s worth more to this town thaa nu{ ‘moralor educational inatitution you linvo here, I saythat itis aninstitution thntov- ory ono of yot can rnt and take pride in, and thio most economioal. Abova all thiogs, let the inhabitanta of this town geo thot no harm comes to_this Library, but ibat it sball live and go down ta your childron after you. Juat look atit: Ioro, from the muochine-ghops of this town, tho varions factorics, men workiug hard with thoir hands, and making good uso of thoir braing, may como Lliore with porfact froodom,— NOT A OENT TO PAY,— made more than wolcomo to all the privilegoes of thoso rooma, Tho many Lioro in town who, for tho timo boing, are without homos, may find hore & homo and good company all around, and ‘may feed horo their minds, “while for their bodies they must seok sustenauoo ontside. Even Lhint clnss 8o prona to hang about tho bank-cor- nor below, to kick their toes upon the stops, and warm their rod noeea in the eun, will be welcome horo to o warmer fire than the sun givos, to & softer padding for thelr detioatofeat, n comforta- ble seat to sit in, and something will bo given them better- than they can absorb from brick walls or oasks ‘of lager, to " oarry with them to make thoir homos moro choerful. It seema to mo that almost auy por- son may come hera and put on a robe, nat odor- ous of tobacco, not odious with the smell of beer, that, in’ wearing awny, will iako light to theit homes and familica,—liké tha very littla, vory poor girl-scholar who went to the pooror woman-teacher for instruction, who would not tnrn hor away for she always brought rays of sunlight with her into tho cabin. While wo have boeen filling thase shelves, I hava been fnformed that tho vonorable “ JAMES T. GIFTORD, woll styled the Father of the Toton, who was over: noted, nnd is remembored to-day, for the many original and valuable thoughts he gave to tho people at promature time, projected, abont thirty years ngo, & Public Library in Elgin, and sns- tained Liig-plan by a aubscription of §20 to tho stock, as it was £0 bo made up in that way. This ran for o tme, I Heo by o blank book that has come to us by sue- cession from the Young Mon's_ Christian Asgociation, that, about 1855, Mr, G, Rosonoranz took nn active stop iv gotting up anothor Public Library., This ran well, with o complato record Toft behind, till about 63, —Mr, Goorgo R. Ray-. mond being the efficiont Sccrotary, and moking hia rocords vory completo, T'hon it was truns- forred to the Young Men's Christian Association. Of that thero is no record here. Now, if those interosted hnvo o rocord of the procoedings of tho attor Library, or oan make them up in tolerably fair order, to go into tho book we have, and &m what onn bo remombered of tho former and first Library, thoy can bo pro- worved for oll time, I lLope. inthe archives of the Free Library. Iam just 8o simple as to bo- Tiove that that would be & pleasant thing. ~ And I thiuk there aro books now on tho shelves which wero in Father Gifford’s library. I wish thoy could bo identified. Having oconpied a little more timo than I do- slaned in theso local remarks, I como now to the more imporiant mattor, THE CONSTITUTION, OR MAKE-UP, of the Public Library. ‘We nssumo that a Inrgo collection of booka congtitute a Public Library, That would econmt to bo the object and end of such a purpose. Tho books are purchased in very respectablo number, and aro placed upon tho shulves in such manner a8 to make the best possibla shiow, A cuinlogue {s made, the books sll named olpha- botically, and ell consecutively numbered. It1s 88 plnin s print,—all in order : yon bogin with the Life of Adam, or with Aaron, with the doublo a, and end with Zono. Tho oatalogue I8 printed, and tho concern is set to running. We havon great muny such Libraries, or havoe liad thom. Thero baye beon eovoral alrendy in this town, Lesidos ecirculatiug libravies of ‘individuals, of which the equnl of nought remained. ' Thero are Snbbath-school Librarlos in every ohuroh, and groat good have thoy dove. Vory roany think it & very easy matter (o get up a Library and run it; why, it has been dono & thousnnd timos! Thero i ono way in which thoy all Tun vory oasily, aud that 5 juto the ground. Bome peo- ple are astonisuingly wise why the libraries linva not succeoded. Thoy are very wiso ns to what should bo put intos Library. Oue thing they are olearabout: they will liavo notragh, Thoexpressed aud compressed wisdom npon the subjectis much lite that of the vonorablo and wiso leglelator in tho Btato of Arkausas, on tho tolograph. They praposed to ohartor a company to operate a ling, nnd bad, of course, much discugsion on the sub- Jeot, and woro just rendy to tako the vote.. Tho wise man rose and desired to mnko a statoment ; ho shonldsnpport the bill, asit seomad to be much desirad, ¥ But I have examined this subject, and 1 teli you 4t will not work as_yow expect. It will do for small_parcels; but for large packages, I tell you, it will not work.” “So, for small parcels most of_our Library-projects work very well. Wa neod one both for small and Inrge parcols. If tho colloction of books wore like the words in u diotlonary, it would do very well to cataloguo thom in tho alphabotical order. Wae froquontly seo cutalognes mudo in this way; the impression is, the managers have worked up to the standard of their knowledge. I concoive thut in THE MAKING OF THE OATALOGUE consiats to a groat extont the value of the Li- benry, suppoeing the collection to be fair. Tho cata{ogue fis tho working part of it; {t showsin tho concisest mannor what i8 in the Library, and the caslost way to get b it,—the right ontnlogue doos. ‘That i evidontly by n systom of olassifi- cation by subjects, and natural divieion of topics and authors, and the simplest form of number- ing,—tho boolk nlwnys boing offiolally known by its number, T'ho colleotion of books should be made up of what the public most demand, first ;:—seoond, what the public most noed. The publle domand much of what 18 called light rending,—the popu- Iar and sensational novels of the day. It hns been shown by the statistics that three-fourths of tha roading from Froe Libraries Is in works of fietion. Tho authors in this line are by no menns thoso that stand the highoest in roal merit and genius s authors, such as Diokans and Thackoray. Mra, Holmes (who she is, or whote sl lives, I know not) hias moroe renders thuu any of the groat authors, who havo not go glorious & presont reputation, seemingly, in tho reading-room, but a much longer and more brill- iant futuro, o understand whas the publio tasto domands, note on tha shiolves” the quunti- tios of thag litoraturo of the indescribablo quali- tios, whicl }io there, or on the stands, and dis- appear rapidly, and are roplenished in such enormous bulk in bales by express. Buch as this aro the Dime-Novels, etc. Much of-this dooy not ovan got into tho Ciroulating Libraries, Thore is o clearly-marked lino hero, of what is called lterary consumption, It is also, berldon theuo flashy books, ropresentad by a-cortain claus of nowspnpors. Thia literature, if we daro call it suoh, iy mado for stimulant to'the miud of TILE VERY LOWEST OLASS who oan read, and for that olaes who cannot read, but who have ears to hear,—as boer is the stimnlant to the stomeoh of the liko olues, In oglond, a4 tho lower-cluss basla is largor, 80 tho litorature Lins & much broader foundatlon, The circnlation of tho London Journal, whioh 1g for thls clasy, —tho workor in minos, and opor- atives throughout tho Kiugdom,—far outstrips 0 groat Zumnes or the Daily News, In novels writing, ihis closs hos ita own sot of authors, who arrive, wo supposo, from the numbor of their books sold, to great distinction, A Piiuce among theso authors is tho famous Plorco Ef-n, who has moro readora than ever Dickens hud. A clush of books u rauge above these I have doseribed da got iuta tho Publio . Librarios, sud thoso are tho rospociable sensationnl, a grade below Ara, Holmoy, und Bys. Southworth, and Mya, 8tophous, These two lfigur aro roally yery fino story-tellors, Mrs, Bouthworth wyn u produot of Dr, Bulloy, of the National Fra; it wag through his paper, as_with * Unole Tom's Cabin,” Lhint sho camo to distinotion, Tho high- ost class of tho rospectablo wonsational deal fu subjects descrintive of mnrderous adventuros, hairbreudih osonpes,. mssassiuations, 1ifo ang maseacros with tho Indlans, life ‘on the 1noun- tains and In tho forest, and lifo on tho bonoding wavo and thoso boaet hoolin of hotmit-lifo, and mmlmq-llln, and rolbordifey all such 1ifo belag the wildest ind most unnatural of au ovor- wronght fanoy, and in i ? % MORAL DEATIE, ‘Thon domo ruok topica. na those: Wonderful shipwrecks; plrates of tho gulf; now racos of mon now worlds discoverad in 'tho alr, in i &oa, or {n the bowala of tho earthi; animala with intelloets; mon on four legs, eto. By such ple- turon ns thoso, nat liko the gorgoons Hluminntions of tho' Arabfan Nighta and Alnddin's Lm; but monstrositics, tho young mind {s buwlmms: and mndo td play most -fantastio and silly parts, Thoso books boar such titles na thouo, wltlvx dash- ing red pictures to matohs #Tho Hoadloss Uorsoman,” with a cowl drawn ovor lna trunk, whilo thehand drawa tho rolns, and L steod flies ovor mountein and plain s "¢ Wild Bill, the D&l}flnlu-l[unh\‘ i Tho 'Bdafp-Knita Indian," ola,, oto. o aronot bound to prt_muoh 0 thono on one sholves,. Bub no wise Board of Directors will complotely Imore the woll-known tasta of the [mhlhl for fletitious ropding. To do so, yon will hnyo o Library without readers; and that is g bad as rondors without books, If thore bo any ouro for tho porvorted tasto, it is in having A WELI-HELEGTED ? TFrao Library. Hooks of fiction will alwnyn form o large part, and it is_nat improbable that uow nud then the Iondloss Horseman will ride in, Tho otder of fletion may be clevated; there it no difficnlty in gotting far abovo tho standard of tho Habbath-Sohool Library, without putting on oirs of ganctity, This wholesome flotion hat an immenso value in_trnining tho young. The graduation from * Robinaon Crusoco,” the firsi of all novots, bocauss it ia 80 sincaro and without stilts, throngh * Quiliver's Travels," * Vioar of Wakofleld,” " Sol(-Control,” 1Ivanhoo,” * Tha 8py" aud Dickens' novels to ‘' Macaulay's Tistory,” and_Preacott’ and Motloy's, 11 oney aud natiral, Tho reading of a wisoly-telooted Library, with seneo ot the foundntion, will soon eduoato tho roadors abovo tho sonaational. Tho classitication of the Library shonld by for profitablo reading flrat,—tho = historical ; followod, in order of ~vnluo in soif culture, by tho blographioal,—sutobingraphy boing tho most valuablo of _all !’ma olaga. _Then _follows poxm!urlznd selonco, and books on art and mochanics. I would spo- cially urgo as_useful, in the seloction of books for & poplar Library, history and acoounts of ine vontions, and tho livos, with the sad trials, of the invontors, Those hnve all the oharms of ro. manco. Books of travel, and dosoriptions of country, are much underrated as books of ine atruotion and entortalumont. Tho travels of a st time aro neglactod, and lay on sliclves of old ookstores, like old theology, Thioy ean wall tako tho placo of-the multitude of novels which fll tho Libraries; and, if o littto past, they give uecful informatlon whera thoy give v, WIth theso local oxpositions, I will now pass briofly to tho DIVISIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION, which aro neodod in such a town as this, & First—You havo tho bools, and the Meading- - Toomn ; . but with theso you want the divieion ag to bools and periodicals into tho ciroulating and roforonco dopartments. In tho reforoneo doparis mont should bo presorved many of tho nowspas pors and most of tho pamphlat-periodicals, which should be bound and kept for futnre uso, Tha poriodlonls are tha live htorature of tho day. Fhoy aro also the living bistory of tha times. Second—You need a Muecum of Soienco, and, with it, a cabluot of ourlosities. . Third—You neod an Art-Gallery, for plotures, and tho many creations of goniur'in the line ol bigh culture. Tho sponker dwelt: at considerabla longth on these divistous of the Library,—showing in many illustrations tho ndyantagoes of such a Li- brary and its apnendages to a town like Elgin, Tho_ sneaker (then gavo n pictura of the prog. rees of tho growth of literature in connection with tho PROGNESS OF PRINTING. 3 * o showed ona of the first daily nowspapers ovor printed,—tho Daily Cowrant, of Loudon, of Dec. 23, 1716,—n paper about the size of a mer. ohant's tedgar,—s ainglo loat, of ouly two pagas, aud bwo columing to thio pazo’; nnd comparod il with Tz Cizeaco Datny UniponE of Aarch 19, 1o thon shewed and commented on a nunihot of the Gentleman’s Alagazine for Fobruary, 1874 and thon oxnbited. tho first volumo, with four numbers of the Gentleman’s Magazing for Jonuary, 1731,—which was tho father of all ‘Tuagnzines, sud gave tho namo to this style of litorature. _ o then exhibited n series of fifty conseous tive numbory of the Zaltlor,—one of. Addison's gront sorics of essays, of tlia original imprints, a8 thoy wero ssed tri-wookly . and hawked ahaut London as a nowspaper. 1o closed tho addross, which oceupied an honr in dolivering, by oxhibiting o manusoript Bible, estimatad to bo 800 years old, and some other manuectipts of Inter dato, and speoimens of the oarliost printing. OTUER SPEECIES. The Iorugural Addreas wis followad by speechs on from Judge Raustead, Mayor Barclay, Dr. Bulch, Prof, Sears, Messts, Lord, Larkin, aud others; and tho speakors wore introduced by approprinte and pointed remarks by tho ,Chalre mau, tho late Mayor Bowan. MR, GREELEY’S SON. A Promising Littlc IBoy Who Dicds New York Trbune Review uf 14 Suner i Chappa- g Eyory friond of Mr. Groeloy romombora the traditions of tho wondorful boy in whom his hoart was #o tonderly bound up, and whoso early death cast o shadow that ncver passod away aver the wholo of Lis subsoquont hife, 'The fol- lowing nccount, whioh aifords somo now dotails of tho early training of this raro Jouns Loing, 1 that hns never bofore beon printed, will bo read with great interest : “Do tell ns, mamms,” said Marguerito, “about Pickio's childhood. I bave alwaynheard that ho wns broughtup in o very remarkablo way, but, boyond tho fact of Aunt Mary's great fluvo’l‘lon to him, I know vory littlo concerning m. “ Your Aunt Mary,” mamma replied, looked upon Pickie's birth as much in tho light of & miraclo, a8 if no othor child had ever befors been born, o was Hoaven-sont to her, and sho’ sacrificed herself complatoly for tho bottor de- vulu{xmout of . Pickio's_individuality, or, to uso the langunge of tho reforuors of those days, in, “illustratiug the independeuce of the childs solf-hood.’ ° Nathing could have beon more hounadloss than her baby, and it was night and day ber study to guard his Lealth, and_to wateh and cherish his oponing intellect. No child- Priuce could .have beon more tondurly aud dnintily nurtured than he was; as bhis father oflon eaid, ‘Ticklo i door Loy in overy sonso + of tho word ;' {or nothing was £00 are or 0o contly for him, " {Du buvyo beard of the brilllancy of his com« ploxion; this was owing, in part, to his mothor’s watchful caro of his dict aud to his bathing, Au hour was allowed to his daily bath, and for brushing out his luxurinng, silkon bair, This was ono of my duties, and no doubt it was that scrupulous caro thut gave it so rare o shade, * As for his food, it was quito peculiar, IIo novor ato baker's broad ; nor, indeed, any bread propered by other hands than his mothoc's or mino, and Lio was not givon meat or cake—with tho excoption of oatmenl—whilo candics, ar - decd Bugar in_sny form, butter, and salt wora rigidly oxcladed from his diet, but whito grapea, and ovory choice Zruit that . this or foreign mare kots afforded, bo was, allowed to ont in abund« duco, and the rosult of this system was o sturdy, finuu"uuhon and a comploxion unparalleled for cauty, “Tanid that Lo nover afe buttor; but crcam and milk wore givon him instead.” - ** What sort of toys did he luye, mamma?” I inguired. *I can never hmi;hm him playing with dolls, like nu ordinary clild.” . ‘' o novor did,” replicd mammn; his toys, liko hus moals, woro peculiar. Ono of tho Inrgost rooms in the hiouso was choson for his nursery, nud, ug his mothor would not have n carpel upon tho floor, it was sorubbod daily, Horo Lis plays - ll\hlf;u wora kopt—a singular assortmont’ ono would think thom, but your auut seldom gava bim whab would eimply amuse blm’ for ilie momont, but uon‘&zl\t rathor to surround him by offeots that would suggest 1dons to bis mind—on, & plan somewhat liko that of the Kindergarton system, but moro pootic, und entiroly origiual with hersolf, 1Io had lovely plotures and & rosl violin, whilo tho shops woro constautly searchod ;oxl' whatovor was ourious, instruotive, or boautie " Pickic's mind and conversation wore vel unlike thoso of tho childron oven of .our bos! tamilies, for ho nover had childron for playfolv lows, and thoso frionds whom his mather or« mitted to boe nonr him were of tho' most cultivate: od aud noble oharucter. 1y languagoe, coutio- quontly, was a8 choico a8 thatol theminds which surrounded _him, aud vory quaint it sounded from & oullds lipa, *At (Wi timo Margnreb: Tuller was with us, and Piokio lived in mogt Hmmntn rolations with this puro, hijhe minded woman. > “ In lior vare to Yrcvonl Picklo from ‘knowing of tho existonce of wickodness and cruelty, in this world, your Aunt Mary would raraly permit him to convorsa loug with’any save tho- oliosen fow that I have montionod, lost tho inuos coneo of hiy _ocbild-mind should bo shockod by boaring of war; ot murder, or eruolty to ani- minly, whil : slu: Wwos evor g!m&lll{lfil hir:lA‘ lost lug- oyes might st upon somo yaiulul or disagroous: blo object,” ¥ ¥ s A