Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 18, 1874, Page 6

THE "LABOR PROBLEM: "Productive Co-Opefa,tion in England and’ France, Some Striking Instances of the Beneficial Results of the System. The Panic a Blessing in Disguise to the Workingman, Every Labor-Association Should Be a Provident Association. A Defense of the Doctrines of Socialism. Comparison Between the Cost of Living Here and in Yorkshire. ) A Plan for Distributing Relief to Those in Need. “ Roughing It" in Chicago. Productive Co-operation in England = ana Erance. . Productive co-operation may be divided into three classes : co-Operative societies begun by employers, those commenced by workingmen, and those started by other co-operative socioties. A good specimen of the first class is the BPIGGH COAL COMPANT, in the north of Enjzland. It was in 1806 that the ‘Briggs brothers were induced, mainly by an ar- ticlo wntten in 1560 by Prof. Fawcett, to adopt 2 co-operative course. Their employes were an idle, drinkiog, uproarious got, who bLated their ‘masters, sad wént about shouting, or vriting in charcosl on every available spot, their rough bat~ tleery, 37"t Ly COAL-OWNERS 18 DEVILS § & but Brigga is the prince of devils.” The cost of talang care of the mines, whether worked or not, was pearly $1,000 & day, and, 28 the men wete often on 2 strike, this sum might be a dead loss for days and weeks together. This was the slate ofaffairs when the Briggs brothers con- cluded to try co-operation. They formed < joini-stock company, issuing shates of $30 each, one-third of which they eold to tho work- ingoen. “Tho rest they kept in their own hands-’ Paymonts for those shures were mado by the em- plsyes monthly, and, 88 so0n 88 & man had paid /s §50, he began to reccive dividends. A 10 per’ cent dividend on stock is the first bill on the ot profits. If anything remains, it is divided into two equal shares. One gocs to the Briggs brothers; the other is divided among all the workingmen, shareholders or not, in proportion t0 the wages they bave received during tue year. From that day to this the Briggs Coal Company Lias continued to earn more than ever before; has been * ¥RER FROM STRIEES, —nn unprecedented case; aud hps mado from 15 to 17 per cent yearly. Therois a great saving \piritmanifestod among tho men, formerly socare- loss. An immense amonnt of wbod is required to prop the roof of tho mine. Formerly, if a log of timber did not fit, it was thrown aside 88 use- less.. Now. howover, the men measura before- ‘band and cut the wood the right length, aud the eoving in this respect alono is aaid to bo very great, If » man stumbles acroes bit of iron, & screw, or an injured tool, instead of kicking it to one side, he picks it up and takes it to the office, saying, “ IENE'S SOMETHING ¥OR THE DIVY.” «Divy " is the pet nao for dividend. Tho Drigas brothers sud their men have built up s public library and established schools. Drunken- ness is said to be unkoown. The magic of co- operstionhas wrought an almost perfect work. This result is the more remarkablo, because it has been effected with most unpromisiog mater- ial, and in what seems, at first sight, an un- promising way. The Briggs brothers gave their men Do share whatever in the manszement, since the majority of the stock remained in their own bands. The plan_they ndcined mado it im- possiblo that u.\efi should lose. Their stock Peptesented the full amouut of capital they had obtated in the miues, and on_this they wore 10 Tecsive 10° per ‘cent before labor, as such, got any dividend whatever. Their profits had aver- aced about 6 per cent 5 but, the next year after {hey admitted their men 'to partnerbip, they Cleared 10 per cent, and £8,500 besides. I helieva - thoy bave made »5 much as this, if not more, svess your since. 'This ysiem—known in Eng- fand as that of * industrisl partoerships "—is om0 which every employer can easily try, and try *ithno possiblo risk of loss.. If hadoes not wish to issue stock to his emploses, he can say to them : *At the end of this year, 1 will diade my net profits above 10 per cént on my capital [beming a percentege somewhat bigher thau his average rate of profit] ioto two bulves, one of el ehall be divided among all of sou, in pro- portion to the wages ach has' earnod during tho Sear.” Ho would thus : 3 JORE HIS MEN'S BRAINS and good will. It would pay them thereafter to De diligent, faithiul, and sober, aud to profer sr- bitration to strikes. 1f tho plan does not work wall, it can be dropped at the eud of th® year. Pas it will work well; and American manufacy ‘turers will make money by it from the instant of ite adoption. ; Thip history of the Ralahioe Co-operative Agri- cultural Associstion, County Clare, Ireland, is 2= interesting as any romauce. It was in 1829 that a Mr. Vandelour, owning an estate of somo 700 scres in'this couuty, determined, afterstudy- ing the plan of Robert Owe, to try"* 3 A CO-OPEBATIVE PARML At this period, all Ireland wasin 3 reckless, un- eotiled state, and lend-ownors were afraid to live at therr homes. Ar. Vandeleur's steward was shot. and his family fléd in terrer from their home.. But Mr. Vaodeleur was a brave man. He bad made up his mind to have a co-operative oo “Leaving his family in Englsod, he ent. back to his estate. Although he had put up some cottages, and made »¥ow Sther preparations before, he now called his poople togethor, and, for tho firet time, told them what ho was goiog to do. He had engaged & young Ar. Craig for Lis eecretary. He proved: 3o bo a6 brave as his employer. He etood his od in spite of varions gentlo hints of tho B atiblo conscquences. Oneof these pleasaat suggestions consisted in & rude sketch of a cof- eEEtih his name scrawled thereon. By degrees Mr. Craig won the people's attention, and falked 20 persussively to_them of co-operation thal They st last agreed to try the esperiment. Mr. Vardoleur lethis 700 ecres to them at s rent of 23,000, and they paid, beside, interest on the Zilua of all the cattle, tools, etc., which broght' the amouut up to 2£.500. The men elected their o Committeo of Management by batlot, Mr. Craig himeelf boing subject to ballot, The co~ cern was an almost, ¢ AMIBACULOTS SUCCESS, Everythinig that soemed impossible became 8 font. Liquor. filth, ignorance, gave way to tom-, porance, cioanly homes, snd_good schools. Not Shly.were the 700 acres caltivated, buta tract of waste land fertilzed and made productive. Among -the evils forbidden by the Company's brdans was that of gambling. Mr. Vaudeleur nofortunatelv did not come under this rule.. He Jost his all s few years later, attho ing- table. The winner refused to continue the lease andebe tenants were cjooted. Someof tiem Shigrated, the remainder relapsed into the bar- ‘barismp from which co-operation bad temporarily 1ifted them. 9 ) i Of the second-clags of productivo co-operative societiés,—those started by workingmen,—the WOLVERIAMPTON PLATE-LOCK WORES i5 8 good apecimen. Years azo, one.of the mas- tossCof Wolverhampton cut down bis men's ages, They struck. The other masters hasten- %0 form a lock-out, and oxpected, by suspend- ing all worls, to Zompel tke employcs to submit, Thesg latter belonged, bowever, toa Trades Tnios, which conid give them temporary aid, During their briel holiday, they: held eeveral it Iwill state what act. I will go on it hias opened tho eyes of the or my Wares at present ;. buf to the fact that free to can do, and leava you free manufacturing stock I may never sell, and, to 1l epough to keep actual Want away one-balf of present wages, diacharge half of-you and co the present rates. - I had bel ry until spring ;- but, if yoo will an do for you, we Wwill keep to- of the population ; ng devontly to |-of ¢ citizens of this country tive store.” The latter is somethri; be wished. Distributive co-operati business than production, snd it pays d at 222 West Twelfth mbers, against t back to Eng- it was. best to concluded to establish a _ their "own. This they did. The masters smiled scornfully, aad imme- ut down the prices of the fmmense oods they had on _hand, #othat they Tound a quick and ready marlket. they lost on these prices, on end, they thought. The They shut theic teeth firmly, their masters in the mar- T they knew they musat. The hardships these men undefwent! Some of lived for months on 2 or 3 cents a day. along year before meetings 16~ They * finally. manufactory., .of are full of examples of 8 T wish to say a fow wo! CO-OPERATIVE B ywing account Of rds with regard to the USINESS OF ENGLAND. f the Rochdale and tons in last Sunday's paper; wm:hm,uon mem- BCOMING STAVE LABGR and that, for thé safety of our thing must be_checked. Will be wise enough to comprehend the turn it to their advantage? " Even the writer who sigus hims ingman,” in last Sunday’s TRIDUNE, although he has not for ton years spen for intoxicating liquors or even one cent for tobacco, live, and that by What would he or ki rt. This branch is; locate from your how It has about fifty me! seventy o year ago. lond. They fonnd that waj in mogey, but lawer in purc! ‘Theee men 8re . TWENTY SOLID ARGUMENTS _ against the specious ple must be protected from abor ™ of Europe. that labor, in their trad in England tha other organiza there are 1,500 such stores, .o-operation (mark o were worse than dead in d. t6 keen and vigorous L fiment could bepaid any prin- “This was Socislism applied dry goods, boots the workingmen close my found: take the best I c: gether until times are brighter.” 28 & means to 0 workingmen thought elf * A Work- e o (hin SheY soul, and min No higher comp] ciple or person. to the purchase of groceries, and shoes ; the substitution of ' ¢0-0 \ition in the purchase of creature-com- ‘but with what wonderful success! Who appuication will not fm- roletaires ? It is well great reforms Robert Ovwen, the cruzy Scot, was the Social-Science Congress when octrines which nOW convey substantial comfort to perhaps 2,000,000 peo) The writer of that articls on bim, a8 he was as much the Bociulism s8 Heary VIIL of tl lishmeat., The doctnes were Anglo-Saxon blood was too slug, The writer Bays CO-0] crime, and canaot bat do so. WE DESERVE THE COMPLDIENT. v Alrs. Wynsoop, never had & Q. Bhe says mavy good but hero:n she is mistaken. den was Frenchy ; the supercilions “Brit- isher had grave donbts about it. French articles were 8o differeut from what he tarned out at bis manafacturing Conras. But, on examunation, ho found ic had many recommendatory quafities, but 1t would not do to scknowledge the French g0 ho quotly abgorbed the aboat it (s very established co-op- and astonithes the hard, and undersold REFUSED THE MONET-OFFER, THEY “the bost Le could do,” offered as a generous sacrifice of his own Interests for theirs, and che bouse closed. Some of those men are doing nothing, and their families are assisted by the oted also says ot necessarily. s that Americal the competition of tue Their action proves Yenst, is better paid Such facts ought to be Their irresistiblo logic blow at onoof the syéem of procection. Co-operation may ‘but the workingmen of of their pecalinr troubl operate forthwith to buy, vote down the tarifl. The Labor-Question. “hicago Tribune : I under great obligations to. vet be can only just close pinching sometimes. i familydo in case cf & pro- ge of sicknoss? What will he livo % is tog old to work 2 What would ‘his wife and children if he should pe suddenly called away Very few man ares: thinga ; neither ougl o all thelr lives away s nzmg Fox A LIVING, with the prospect that, i families ‘Eou.ld be, depen Workingman's Association should be a t Association. Many of the Trades- ry have fallen to pieces, hat thoy are not Proyident %o no provision for the sick, 4, the widow or the orphan, w tired 0f payiug money into & con- ither they nor fheir families were ever likely to receive any returns. object of & Trades-Union bersina botter condition ard sgainst the and to make a provisiou for their 1 snve thoso dear to them as their own 6, and the crimo which is ever dant upon a state of destitu- d men ‘can_nccomplish this much better than one man alon des-Union cannot hop and duaw into its beneficent fold the masses, unless it is in some sense . A PROVIDENT UNION. uks have proved to be 8o inge- afraid to put their mouey in o8 of life-insurence compaiied ery few men are able to pay ey are liable to go and do not look oor man. Alltheze the masters began, one by d it was five or six long cun doubt that its wider 24 The ssme author before leads to Communism. ack of thought, of education, of mental dis- of virtue, of self-respect,- re contempt for public opin- of the rights of others, and envy of th more fortunate than ourselves, pursed in our hearts antil vice has its seat and Satan his throne there,—lead men and women who ‘are galled by poverty and oporession to clamor for Co ism ; but only when tney bave been sppo by ambitions aud desigaimg _politicians, at revolution of some sort, and when, thelr vilest passions,—lust, avarico, and every —they are porsusded that & remody for all the evil or inconveience they | suffer lies here. £ In France, where moral years before tho Workingmen's Wolverhampton Plate-Locks Works Compaoy began to resily n once it began, it did not stop. I profitablo Company; aud it realizes, as the world does, that it is per- severance sud co-operation that made it so. This is not by any means tho only example to be given of what workingmen hav themselves. ‘Thero are many small co-0 and, owned by the men to whom oyment, anda few establishments already descried. a producing _co-operative der the control of ozher nds a fit type in the maln props of our atistied with such a state of bt tney to be contented to Isughed st by, tor_everyill; he advanced the d ¢ America would have fow les left if they would co- to sell, to work, mfi to t is now a flourishing, cipline, of honor, 20 atience of restraint, o ehould not cast sl father of English he Church-Estab- Dot new, but gish to bo oasily peration checks Thavks! But they wero to dic, their dent” upon charity for shops in Engll they give empl a8 large as the one The third class of society—associations uo¢ co-operative ocieties—i: OUSEBURN ENCGINE WOBKS, me. Lis capital divided into 20,000 shares. a reserve fund,. and the paid-up capital, equally between lab in the company reccives & amount paid him in was ploye must allow a port| to remain on deposit with the deposit amounts to 52! f the capital-stock was sub- tive stores in tho north in fact, is true of the great oductive co-operntive enterprises. ‘Tho stores are far ensier to mausge, d first. When _they grow strong. ash on their Lauds, they are ng co-operative produc- at most of the greut I workingmen own The panic in tho it tho Ousedura To the Editor of The CI sim: I fecl myse Mr. Gilbert G and would very mach like to r Unions of this count; r the reasou ti Unions. ~They mal the infirm, the age urney for his gallant compliments, etura them, but find I cagpot conscientiously do 8o, 88 his’ letter too plainly evinced knowledge of whut toing ho and I both know, and that ings havo boen erected and roofed m Chicago Socialism, 8a; foothold in Englso specie of sensuality, that he has some practical he is talking about. One cern from which nei . lity is almost unknown, where the masses ave amused by their/rulers to make them forget that they are hungry and de- turbulent, passioriate, super- are willing to 80 forget, rica, where every indi- educated massea has Aiter providing for ¢ of 10 per cent on I8 to piace its mem- financially, to help kuown_ills of life, oved ones; to graded, and where, ticial 28 children, they 1t might be ; bat in Ame vidual of tha free, strong, witbin him the native pride, honor, that would not allow him to stoop to infamy that would 5o sully his manhood, it could NEVER DE BBOUGHT TO PASS. There is no parallel betwees for here our only aristocracy the means of acquiring money The rebuilding o and far an army o craft, who still_remain, thus maki Sow 'that the work is nearly completed. With many of these, realizing re, will go into or and capital. Lrery worker dividend ou the NO WAGES PAID to the workmen, and it is very probablo that some of these workmen whoso wages have never obliged to seok relief. tasta to help these men col- to stigmatize wore ahead ; jdes, snd said no more common English practice), erative stores and factories, world with his wonderful work. Jobm i & good, plodding animal on sy track, -and shows fair Onpe other idea actuated him; HE WANTED HELP,— aence, titlo, and money; and could obtain belp from them by proclaim- ual obhgations under the law; Had he done 80, rds would have been to to a half-starved fon of lus wage or salary ) the COMPADY.- 5, ho receives a share- the misery. the vic more or less stten becn paid are now would be in better Ject the moncy due them than them as improvident drunkards, and I woald echo Mr. Gurney when he says, “ ¥ou that un- derstand the laws of Illinois, tell them how to TThe greater part of e, and for thia ibed scribed by thie co-0] n tae two nations, isof interest, and in our own hauds. f Chicsgo called in from near f laborers of every grade and ng s surplus majonity of pr Our eavings ba cure that men sze them, and the rats are 80 high that vi the premiums; besides, the iuto bankruptey st any time, like & safe investment (oF & D Arawbacks ehould be atrictly guardea against by bodies of workingmen, and their societies should be conducted on such & basis B8 toleave no chance for fraudulency or bankrapte; naturally stazte and find surplus o use it it Promotis It was in chis way Ui corn snd cotton mills whicl near Manchester were started. iron trade last year cosf Works 50,000, but_tho Company weut on. Itisapower in the iron busiuess ing, We have eq we should have equal righta. the Messieurs and Lo him hke s sealed oyster-con mouse, and the thing would have failed. But L Wilk say tis : 1¢ has voen the fashion for yoars e proletairc 88 an owner —not on account of any to admire in the letter from 4 Dato” that I can look over that one small item in which hocharges mo with misrepresentation of The real fact of the caso is, Some kinds of labor European countries’ that be in eny woree condi- biat would be better for tho change, and to » undoubtedly referred ; Thero is 8o much another epring-tide, that* they can do bet othie towns, the country, or the W enjoy homes of their oWi i Meantime, a season before us ; but everytl done that can to relieve distress. use in murmurivg, discontent,” since it but deepens are 8o sensitive to, and it is UNWISE AND UNKIND to set one class against_another, rousing bitter- pees that rankles, and ill-will that recoils upon thoss who harbor 1t. Dependent upt now, but it is & dep must be and is ackn Xe is better to endure 10 silence than to find fault where finding fault will not help us; better r under life's disciulive than to d better for those who can nerther est anything prac- tlyo grossest kind. thiat we ara both correct. are 8o poorly paid in the laborer coud hardly in England to pet_thi would & powerful dog, fear, but in admiration of his crude, Bus the animal increases in_streugth ence rapidly, and now John Buil's t st tho regular table and be He cries, Down, sir! but he will not down. The National Federation of Em- play bait-the-bear some Wo betide the bearyaud Lin; unusual hardshi hing 1s being and Wi “Now is the winter of my to-day. A “Ihiore is & good deal that is not encouraging the gloom we dog wants to si “one of them.” this kind of labor * Bato while skilled lnbor commands a better price—the cost of Living considered— ALMOST ANWHERE ELSE then in the Usited States, o in Holland between ekilled and unskilled lzbor, it is too much like this country, aud the Jaborer, whether skilled or upskilled, would be batter off here. The unsklled laborer éertainly could improve his condition here, if he had tho necessary s soon a8 ho coud shove & plane or call himself carpenter and command carpenter's Wwages, swhich he could not do in the old countries. It he would rige above the condition of he must work for it. . If to a trade aud eerve a ’long he must remain among Iaborers all his life. be a sampla of European and in England o skilled (CO-OPEBATION IN FBANCE, nate reasons are political revolutions Linyo happened to be in ungmen, and, 83 Buoyon to the tates that nolec- eration without finst ab- e Sécretary of State tment, and of the Comumis- “This same geutleman lays a me upon thg, pr e wformation Inthe thid place, by the co-operators ence, disputes, and e forcapitalisis, but abundant and ade account for that {act. made whatever Government ower dread gatheringy of worl te as 1873, & letter from 3. Lnglish Co-operative turecan be given on co-0p! taining the permissi for the Home Depari sioner of Police. great deal of bia Thinks fails o giv kind suited to the masses. these are the mismkes made Want of experi the deephatred of the working: Dbinder the formatios of mauy S0 societies that have been formed, Associations have To the Editor of The Chicago I'ribune; Sm: Beforo proceeding with my sabject, let me first thank you for your kind and considerato conduct in handling the subject of Communigm, which seems to be the nightmare or bugbear of seven-tenths of tbe civilized world. alone, of all the leading journals of the country, have given us even a ciaoco to show our true character,—a character which no true Socialist NEED BE ASHAMED OF. A man resolved and steady o his trust, Infiexible to 1ll and obatinately just, May the rude rabble's iu: clam ployers may perhaps day,—they the bear. #ad the eading of many a dog! It no distinction i Johu Baul eats, works, and fi ther we surely are endance of brotherhood, and owledged kindly by all. hts amazingly woll, aud seldom quits the tield defested. The Trades-Unions say : Thus will teach lum of other lands ARE HIS BROTHERS, and boly; thak, with similar uhould receive Lis recognition and be teceived in ful fra- e the only means by which mutual interests. I think perciliousuces about him with tho remark, These uro foreiguers; sm not 1 botter tban thoy? They feod on soups and T on roast beef; they wan: to share my tbiog, my wealth. The Englishman d many others have yet to learn that the pro- letatre has no country; that PATRIOTISM 1S IGNOUANT PREJUDICE. We Lave been accusea of gross outrages in Spain. ‘(here is no proof that’ ! ‘more guilty taan of 130,000 peopl while, '‘The musicipa Thus is war to the knife. s leason that the proletaires despise it; a0 their cause just speak a word of hope or 8ugg misfortunes, they sud consideration, ternity, as theso are they can advance taeir be will not wrap his suj bankrupts within s week who wers called millionaires a year ago, who for months bave been haggard with anxiety, » look that appealed to the symps! Who envied tnem; but nosw, stripped of every dollar, they scom ten years thoy had rolled off s load sug It they are_*¢sans six sou, bleused relief! polence de=pise, ors and tumultuous cries, and have worn ite with supesior gréatnesssmiles, thies of those Since the; first agitation for work by the New York workmen, we have been the rocipients of tho worst abuso the fruitful brains of professional writers c starving follows who cheered when Dr. Palmor promulgated the idea, “ No law to be enforced until submitted to and saoctioned by the peo- » who knew as little of Socialism as of the mode of making laws at Albany, Intle when their stoat musclos could earn suffi- ciont for their modest wants,—were, with us, characterized 28 FIENDS, GIIOULS, BRUTES, enomies of overy virtue and goodness, whose ouly joys were rapine, murder, blood, misery, debsuchery, and every excess. You aloue said e wero Utopian, aud our ideas were beyond ro- alization, but candidly admitted there were many swrongs in the socio-political world which should For this justice, though partial, I thaok you ; and, presuming oo ¥ shine that all who wish may sce ov- erythung fiom every standpoin the Productive ounger, and a8 if as Atlas bore, " they sre also;- +Sans souci.” The care as to wheonce will come bread for the morrow 18 NOT HALF 60 PAINFUL as the anxiety of Loose who live in daily fear of rhuman efforts to ward it off a- agony unknown buc to God that has hoped agairst not apply himse apprenticeship, poorest class of 1 tako England to countries geerally, establishment and growth of some of these societied markable as any of the I it was thought that great dered to co-operauve S from the Asserbly a loan As this was done in 1l the-people's power, of this sum'was dis! which attained to the gr no part of it. Among t in this way by the Government was AN ORGANIZATION OF CADINET-MAKERS. Thig was formed in 1343 bymne men, with incash and £74 worth of tools. The Society prospered_space. In 1857, It was the most & and it is 80 still. f £5,000 from the Government. sarvice would be ren- ocieties in demanding of £600,000 for their he few short days of the loan wes obtained. Part tribated, but the socioties catest succees received he, asociations Lelped COMMANDS GOOD PAT.— than jusc sufticient to keep alive. I can call 10 mind now many families who, in their s nice little income. ud contented,—the result of younger days, when the euter's plane, tlie mason's brush, and earned —never speculating, constantly saviug. this country who ir labor to ‘mako our oppunents. failures ; the su] le, was held by the Reds for a 1 affairs were administered mposed, said tho Loodon News, of cant persuna as apothecarnes, cabi- Stiange to say, con- omuwitted. In Ma- he Catholic Bishop out of his se of establishing a school, ‘churches for council chambers, trite it 18 that war is terrible; aud yet these ac- tions Wero none worse than other nations or cs commit in their warfare. 1l now conclude with the reiteration of sccusation, in the AL Church: You Christians leave to Communists, to tho men who don't pray, to carry out Cbrist's teachinga. Yours, P that consumes the Lieart resson that it might breass the current surging at 1ast must yield and soe busi~ tation so woll earned, honor a0 tune so buavely fought for, sguipst it, snd pesa-credit, repu! well deserved, for' swept away.for & time or for aye. two sides to every storv. "This time of actual want must, it seems now, snd what can be done by private aid i8 their savings w their husband used the carp orthe paioters is labor alone, but steadily working. sad How many can be found in havo saved enough out of the them comfortable in their old age ? Yesterday, o Englishwomansud, * Threoyears we had the American fever 8o bad that we ce littlo homs we had in tlio suburbs of London, and carae bere thinking to golves, My husband had o steady placo there, ‘here ho worked for_twelve yeurs, and where 1 sometimes worzed for a thing myeelf, whi RAY0 1S 8 RO forts there such a3 ever have here. net-makete, barbers, &c. 0O oOutrage Was C laga, they turued t! tho receipts were for the purpo: portant business of be_ but temporary ; will, wa 'kmow ;_ while Trécly, and quietly given in all re- ported cases ; 80, by one or another means, we SHALL GET TEROUGH TIE WINTER, but not now or ever through with the poyerty hand npon our_hearts, f & common humanity, aod for He who saw the fhre wort in Paris, pany hiod 2 logn O This was Jong since ropaid. 3 There arc employers in France, a8 well have formed their employes to” 3 Foremost _ among is way as the association of ood many years ago Mr. that, laying its tight the_ ties o “mates the world akin,” end from the begincing said, “The poor ye have always with you.” L our desire to let societies formed in thi Leclaire & Co., Puris, A g Lecisire was greatly troubled with STRIKES AND INEFFICIENT WORK, and decided toexcite his men's good-will by giving them a sharo in the business, Ho promis balf of the net profits above s certai man then received a dividend in P the wages carned during the of this action are most LAPDS, tul woik, good habits, business is_so_large, Do had good wages. rich lady, and made some 2dded fo my husband's pay, We had many com 1am sure we cun D our children to the best schools, a term for esch child's tuition; and then we saved enough to buy » home. We sold that to come here, sod NOW IT IS ALL GO husband has worked steadi d obtain work, and I hava gone out to do 4 takorr washing bomo ; still we can- We havo now no home, t our hands; snd next cen find steady em- 1l enough to work, we ugh to take us back again, domore than just The ¥Mard Times, o the Edutor of Tne Chicago Tribune : Sin: 1 am pot s workingman. I wish I was. 1 do not build houses, cr dig sewers, or CarTy s hod. I wish Idid; then I should be entitled to somebody’s sympathy, sad bo in s messure a hero, in my own estimation at least, for— When a man {a like me, §ans siX s0us, saus souch, A baukrupt in purse, And in charadter With » shocking t, I proceed with Ganser B. FREEMAN, 1 am & Socialist, Communist, Icarian,—one, thé other, and all. I have waitod montls to see some more ablo pen answer the wild extruvegances launched at us; but, a8 none huve done so, I think it time these errors should be corrected, and I trust tbat my poor advocacy will not dam- ageagood cauge. A Communist is & curiosity. During all the sgitation, the indefatigable xo- porters were unable to uncarth a REAL LIVE 60CIALIST. fellows who hung sround on West ol strcets wauted work and bread s; the Socialist ideas could noc* much less a substantial ‘harassed by thoughts of ‘coal-boxes at home. These Iy dsngerous as the tam comes dangerous + “McAuliffe, Stabl, Carl Marx, toll them they live under po- ‘hich the few basely usurpihe k-mules o carry tho o to the tressure- their only use. “Tooll. do we mot suited for us? Do barn, and harness ? What more This is our agreement. Wo are You are ‘scotrers, spreaders of Lot us alone. will bave none of Moneyed Aristocracy. 7o the Editor of The Chicago Tybune : Sm: It is clesr to all thinking minds that there is » strong feeling among the working people against the moneyed power; which may in time grow into as dangurous an element here as it has proved to be in Europe, The discon- tent of tho workingmen, which never is without gome cause, has always beén the forerunner of revolation, and, if this Fiepablic ever comes to an end, it will bo through this discoatent, caused ' no strikes, care- and greater protits. he indeed, that, beside the anmuml dividond of irom 15 to 18 per.cent, there is alsoa pension of $160 for each member- over 55 years of age. + 1n 1848, several fakers fiied a request-for This exorbitan| aud their plan brok " whenover he Shis pittance? 'Is not the shamefat offer a bad hat, and his credit at zero, Wliat on earth can e hopeto become but a Lero? Howoever, 1 work ; so Lam entitled to & voice in this matter, as well as some others who don’c know any more about it than I do. 1 have read from time to time the articles writ- not get anything abead. nor augthing else, excol summcr, if my husba ployment, and L a shall try and save enot for Iam euro we can nover mako & living here, and Dot & very good onme hundred journesmen pisdo- £60,000 of the Assetn- tdemand was refused, | About fourteen, d opened business on March 'with £400 worth of tools and $46 in 1 the 4th of tho following May the mem- bors received their first wages, amounting to i tookthe dollar, but " tiio 87 for their familie: find even a retlection, hold, in their minds, SELFISHNESS OF THE NONEYED ABISTOCBACY. This is becoming & power stronger and more arrogant than the nobility of the O1d World, and js corrupting every branch of our” political and *Chis illustration is given to show there are always two sides to 8 question, and it Dbecawes 18 to be a little careful in condemuing T agree with him entirely in igno- he cause of the various ills the that subjeet, and +who bave lifted up their voices an the stato of affairs with tho same zeal and dis- c.mination with which they used to gather drink Young Hyson make flannel gsments for the poor, be- nighted Africans who bad not yet adopted even a fig-leat by way of. attirc. Some ara sen- sible; some as scoseless s’ ever found their way to an editor's table; but all’ are calculated to increase, more or less, the discontent and foster the uneasiness mow felt. You may say there is cause for dissatisfaction. So there is fuel for fire in blocks of wooden buildings in the heart of the city; but does tnat make it your mission or mine to apply a torch to them, or, if flames break out, to fan and feed tiem,—thus rendering useless or doubling tbe labors of the Firo Departmont, already dcing their utmost to suppress them ? Tnquestionably the poor are here, and else- where indeed : DON'T WE ALL FEEL POOR ¥OW ? Furope swarms with them, and, 8s our coun- try grows older and tho populatiod increases, 80 Thero were just ss many poor ‘ago 88 now, only work was y more_easy to get. Itis 88 inconsistent, to 88y t oapitalists and monopolies. ontrol a certain $1.87 each. . Eacl cents were invested in & ¢ FRATERNAL REPAST, . which the fourteen members, with their wives and children, enjoyed in all good fellowship. For a month their wages were s dollar a week, Then they gold a baker = piaao for 296 worth of t their weekly wages' rose to ; ‘More than half their profits ~ere devoted to capital-sccount, In Decomber, their capital was $6,596. Since then, they been as succeseful, but, apparently, not as fraternal, T'he company has split into two, one of swhich now bas a capital of £10,000. Of all the societies formed by French work- . ingmen, perhaps the most the tailors. A dozen or go Parisian journeymen, fhrown out of work by the Franco-Uerman war, CLUBBED THEIR XVEDLES AND SCISSORS, in a difgy little roomon & Their excellent work gevo Warm them. Lel or Louis LeBlauc Litical systems in w! or, und nso them as pa th thoy have helped creat Itisnot only the men who work, with their hands, but every branch of industry in in some way adected by this moaeyed power. The poor womon who pays five times the valuo of & sew- ing-machine, because ' their enotmous profits havo enabled manufacturers to buy up Congress and continus their extortions; the farmer who is cheated out of half the proceeds of bis labor,— all have to give their mite towards swelling the capitaliat's profitf. Ever since the War, the American people HAVE BEEN MAD upon the subject of speculation and money- The,slosw snd honest plan of working ig’ old-fogyish ; Young America fol- lows Izgo's advice to Roderigo when he telis him to * Put méney in thy purse !"—no matter it nings of the workman, his savings in the bank, yobbing the City Treasury or the Gen- eral Government,—any way to get s fortane without working for it. Extravagance in dress snd liviog i6 88 great 88 at the period preceding the French Bevolation. The most extravagantly- sdics in Paris are Americans ; and our on aro accused of Inising the cost of over Europe by their lavish display of this wild speculation and extrav- ought on the panic by, which tie poor each week to workingmen by like to confer with him on doviso some means for tho better spread of knowledze among the | rooms properly furnishe (he preseuce of ladies, periodicals, ! o those men and women sho conld not Tead aud write, questions on the Iabor problem ctares given by advanced minds, bly be expected that the work- ITS DUTIES i poorerclasses. a8 wll s its rights, and Gne of the daties ia to 4, rendered aitractive by and supphed: with the here classes could bo breag. By Augus! o, Taey would answer: know what -is e mot get food, can we expect 2. honorable men. sedition, enemies of peace. us eat, drink, and sleep. We you.” This seems harak, but discussed, and le 1t might reasonal ingmen would be able to ‘REDRESS THEIR ORN interesting 15 that of ¢ WEONGS PEACEABLY uictly, and without any such oisgraceful ings a3 took place in the streets of New Yorxk on lnst Tuesday. 3r. Foran, of C ingmen will hever wives in the cause.” woman has frequently been the power benind tho throne; aiid why #hoald she nov here? The tingmen were 00 wise to discard il they knew 1ts value, and used it accordingly. Yesrs ago, when o rosident in En- .pland; it was my privilege to attend the meet- ings of their socicties, kuown then by the name of Mecharics’ Institutes, and to read-their pe- There I learned to respect working- men, and, 28 I grew older, it bad an influence upon my Bstimate of men. man everywhere. advocates of Social- strength of its sup- ecognized leaders to support their lodges news- ‘otc., ia sufficient proof of 1a not have martyrized 16, begn baoked by the strength of o mun who in 1843 could charac- 00 lay-teachers 83 40,000 priests of Socialism was & fit exccutioner of tho wrath of ignorant tyranny. 'A 8hort timo since, yOu gave Pr The small percentago of the ism to the masses snows the porters. Thei of Internationalist and opened o shop nability of tho T dingy little street. them the means of supporting life, all. When, howeyer, tho Government of Na- tional Defonse advertised for contractora to Tailors' Socioty bid low To execute it, they hired chiefly the wives of ave some of theso rofits, and paid all hor wages than_any other em- dreamed of giving: Neverthe- fits of tho -contract were 42,000, Thus sum was divided among all the mem! tion to the timo ench bad worked: The Dow occupies handsomo quarters, and ndeome amount of work. A FRATERNAL BUILDING CLUB,” formed of joarneymen carpenters and masons, buil one of the Jargest depots in Paris, & few t £750,000 for its work. auization, on & much lovoland, sags: “The work- ‘saccecd until thoy enlist their showa us that i 2% | ists Lna ho not mako clothing, tho and got tho job. Doarly 85000 people, Jnen 1o the army. \ubordinates eharc in the of them far bLig| her influence ; ominence to a o people hero 8 year e characterizes it a8 | more plenty and mone: Let me answer him ho tells us the only tho sorrows and disappointments ‘of life aro music and poetry iv one whose tal vision i8 too contrac fields of human suffenng aod injustice, therofore, his opinions are of no value. With regard to the many who asssil us, 1y challongo them with being TOTALLY 1GNORANT les of Socialism. They write : h to divide up all on the Commune, in which b a piece of French quackery. ina few woids: consolations for 8o much abou! If & man bas the capital to ¢ branch of business,—that is, it he producer of one articlo to such those without equal facilities or successfully compete Wi censured forit? condemn it ; but who if he had the power ? deference, would you. in the city or coun! dependence, 80 one who would if ho had the means, his“work, making for Iabor, as he should, 1 respect s true 1t makes no difference whete bio was born, whiat i Lis occupation, what is the of his clothung, what kiud of dwelling in, or what religion bo professes, if ho is & man in the truest sense of the word, ha bas my unqualificd respect. thicy may not be as plentiful as we could wish, YET THEY DO EXIST, and may be found among both ted_to gaze on the i capital canuot —should he be oncsll this’ monopoly, aud would not be & manopolist I would; so, with There 18 not & mechanic Do is not striving for in- ‘honor them for it ; and mot ‘not start in _onsiness for himself biring laborers to perform himeelf & profit_on their elso it weie toil without ins measure only limited undreds of people who have not 1ost a cent, and whose business has been a8 good a8 ever, who havehad A GOOD EXCUSE anic toreduce the wages of their em- fuss about it, and in- thoy are branded years ago, and go Such mon, althoug A omcuhat milar org 18 e larger scale, is thé "ASIALGAMATED CARPENTERS AND JOINERS, This Las.nmot been lutherto described, because, wuliko all the others, 1t ia an_Auglo-American lthough beguu in England, it is now estabiished in Amotica, with acentral York, and branch offices in most of the principal American citics, including, of course, Chucago. ‘This Society was mstituted in June, 1860. The increasgof branches, members, ana funds from the December of that year to tho correspodding month in 1872 will give some idea of tho growih and power of the Association: a0d, if they make & heving their full pay, % disturbers of society, and the em- thy-of the business - that tle holiday-trade ood asusual, it looks as thouzh the or the moneyed people of the firet principl wretches wisl the wealth equally, ‘e rich and the poor. Ono thing I observed nmong the members of these Mechavics' Institutes was, that tho poetry and sentimental articles in their periodicals wers Written mostly by shoemakers, tailors, others who followed a scdentary occupation ; white articles containing the most vigorous thonght were th otk was more laborious .and required more active exercise. ‘This, be it remembe: plover bns the full sympa en necessarily des) When we hear say these wise men, ars the world would Did we entertain such ideas, calling us Wo know Socialism is for its object the proper truction of society on the f co-operation for etition 1n every branch of human d the abolition of private owner- ship 1n property. Our motto is, ALL FOR EACH, EACH FOR ALL, Nono can be fonnd greater orbetter, o £sy: Bo just and-fear not ; Let all the ends thoi aimst at be thy conDtry's,— Dot as & brilliant ideal, but a living, piple of life. Mau: of equality of 801 lished 28 & religious idea. fore the eautifui ideal, - and equal,” was flung before the nation aimost worehiped ten, it secms 50 many and we lose our respect asserts a living principlo “All mon have equal righ tions.” I claim “ LIBERTY, EQUALITY, is an advance on * Life, of Happiness.” One specious P! be much as it 18 anic was s humbug, fools would be fiatters, avo ot suftered by 1 v the science which has construction or 1econs! busis of the substitution of blind to the growing in- ‘money nnd the hotplessness of pov- Tobo pooris to be without friends, and We cannot expect the poor by his capital, JIE BECOMES A MONO! ¢ contracts for the usion of all competitozs, or only for y you would be fust to We,should do exactly a3 wo were obliged o productions of .those Wwhose ‘building of = city, red, was in the days be- » gocial outcast. foro Trades-Unious were generally known ; but it will be seen, when Trades-Unions wero repared_these men were, by _cducation, to* turn them to 1l have they succeeded that tho building,0f & block. "Admitting this, you those you employed. LESS SELFISH OR GRASPING {han the rich one. He may tbink it aa reason- able for him to use the city's moneyas it is for some capitalist to use it un formed, bow well b their previous eelr: sccount ; and 0 wel thoy have establishod their Tight t equal terms with capital; consequer The main vbjects of the Societ: money for the advancement aud pratection of the trade, ond for the support sud sid of its members'in case of ueed. Aonthiy reports are every brauch to ite central office. They o coudition of the Branch Socicty and'of trado ip its district, etc., etc. of *Btate of Trade"” is then made out at thg Tlus is sent to all the branches. In this way, by comparing the various monthly 5 member can gain a clear idea of the rade in most of the principal can have some scttled ideas™as to best to go, if he is seekiug fora . Tho rules of the Society are d. .Sirikes are forbidden, unless the n of the Executive Council in England, Central Committee in America, boen obtamed. A Branch Society which wishes to strike must present it thego two bodicy (the me elodted, at_ehol nestioned for years. oyed upon the city ea would soon_ have leis- the demorslizing effects of official warranted, our employ 0 are to look for new situatiol ades has a maricot-value, 23 & ushel of corn or the yard of musl and labor and produce tive value to each other gives more than cause & man CAND : ages, ali above the usual price is CHABITY, NOT PAY. The assertion was made by one writer, that it yas customary to hire s gang of men ; put them as long a8 thoy would mcay When they could wait or be thout their wages, dischar force in_their ‘ate: the fraud ad infinitum ; an large buildings or blocks were outlsy of very little or no ted by several; then took the 80 far 88 my limited acqualnt- ance would allow, of owners, contractors, tects, and laborers, but conturies 5go, after death became_estab-. 1t took conturies be- © Afl meu are born free and flaunted the world, fought for, and ; B0d Dow it 18 slmost forgot centuries sinco it ¢ for the aged. Socialism far superior tothe ideal, ts and equal obliga- urely as hao the lin that repre- must bear rela- ways, If an employer is worth for it, be- ot live on the average rate of disturbance or outbreak of the le but what it is the outgrowth of wrong, co of some kind; but we all forget ‘and only see the unhappy resuits, It is not education of the brain that thia country necds ; every man can bave that if he wants it ; _ VASTLY L{PROVED THEIE CONDITION. Having guined somuch by years of study,— vears of persistent effort, it i8 not likely that. clinqmsl: one inoly of the vantage- chh they have gained. This is one sh to make, e minds of Ameri- g : English - working- men did not arrive at the point where they now stand by may sudden resolution, or svy laws ecially in their favor, but by steady, nn- heation to their object, and & union of their Torces. They had no voice in maki the laws under which they Live, as the American hos. They had fearfnl odds to contend against, —odds of which a citizen of theso United States Jaows nothing ; and insurmountablo obstacles: seemed to stand in their way which are not in The greatest bbstacle in A general Teport Central Oftica. points I wi average atate of to impress fully mpom th EDUCATION OF THE HEART. Tho people must see just and honestmen in oftice ; less grasping and sclfishness among the Tich ; honesty and faithfulness honored + churches where the truth is given; Jo! efore they can be expected to possess all the Christian virtues. i CHICAGO, Jan, 11, 1874, at work; keep them without pay ; then, put off no Jonger wil them, putting on 20d go on repea that, in this way, erected with an onez. T heard this quof trouble to inguire, AND FRATERNITL.” 'Liberty, and the Pursuit lea advanced by the antagonists ism is, that it destroys all spar ‘This superficially sopears au put it can be easily ights and equal obli- men ample time to ride any ¢ power over his fellows. 4 -in any useful manner, the the benefit would feel hon- and be would have the s reasons Lo one of mbers of which are by the members of d must accept the decision as trike is allowed, three mbnths’notice ven to employers. and every effort made to have the point at issue SETTLED BY ARDBITRATION. Men ont of work_reccive $4.30 a wee! and $2.15 & weci for fourteen more. ed more than this in oue extraordinary need. The oty, howover, always nids its members to buy new tools, when their old ones Lave been lost or stolen. The English Lranches—orsome of t —are_properly prod American branches than mutual-benefit ctubs. individaal _effort. The DBest Means of Relieving the unsnswersble srgument, t Our system of cqualri gations would give To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune: Srm: If it'may be coneidered of aoy ance to dissuss the question of how best to atil- izo the facilities and means for relieviog the worthy poor, and thwart all attempta a6 impoel- tion? which ara every .day-so spparent, I will offer a faw suggestions, with the modest con-, sciousness that nine-tenths of the voluntary sug- | gestions on this topic serve only to embarrass well-matured systems of relioving the needy. ‘After making fow assertions, which I ehall accept as estavlished facts, leaving the burden of proof, or rather disproof, for those who may the way of our peoplo. the way of American workin; press seemed to be against them; but recent events have shown that this was only in seem- ing, for, as soon as they have shown' that they are in earnest in the matter, the newapapers Lave offcred their colamns for their benefit. ‘With tho press in their favor, encouraging and cheering the, they haye EVERYTHING TO HOPE, and the fear of the Internationalists need not in such a state of thinge, the Internationalists must die & natural death, as tothing on which to keep alive. sic has already domonstrated itsolf | be & blessing in disgnise to the laboring gmen was, that the Shonld he’ succee community receiving ored in honoring him, an proud satisfaction of having DONE GOOD TO HUDANITY. ody cver heard a valedictory in h devation to principles and pro- ached at the studeots, and to make it to them a life- inthe present siate of societv. it a lifo-principle, be they Weeay, the man who, for bis takes othets for bis use, 0 either an instance of the kind, or a reliable party who knosws one; 80 csn but hope the lady been misinformed. Yet the statement has been nsed as an explanstion of ‘want by some who de- Iiberately threw up good il work for decreased ealaries, correspo; tho demand for what their labor produced. I will give one instance which came under my ob- Eorvation recently. rietor of an iron-foundry called his : “There 13 no demand Noman cen be belp savein cases of wluch unseltis] tuations rather than D fessions was mot pre: uctive enterpriecs. deter them; for, endeavor made are at proseut little more Tho Chicago branch, bably soon form itsclf into a Iv may, too, open a co-opera- ditchers ordoctors. jon | gelfish ends, men together, and said. them weak or unsustained, I will maks suggestions. i First—There are e TOO MANY STSTEMS 3 adopted and put into operation eimultaneo > seriously conflicting in their practical mfix" e ehez:ehy shaking the confidence of the charitao}; inclined, thus loming the oppartusity which u,.; d%%::;g ¢ to distinguish themselves by worthy Second—The individual efforts of the generous-hearted are often w‘aswdoby'_ o, their iopulses togo o2 at the firet bidding of sympathv, and sendiug ont their doaationsas random from the firat available source, which are always gobbled up by te © Connon SR A% veworTTyse . Consequently, general charity (and do not includo churches. nocislies.( or nr:{:: L'h!. may feel disposed tolook after their own poor) should come under one eystem, all its tributaries flowing into one founain, which is to becoms the bountiful source of supply. £ Bt noy comes the ciat of ifie wholomatter; 0w to distribute economicaliy and judiciously secording lo individaal n:;:oanityy‘ {tdicouty Instead of sssemoling all who claim assist daily at the Board of Teliof rooms, lot such ime prove every day and hour in canng_ for theme selves ns best they can by all honorabla efforte; feeling - that a charitable public can- accomplish more for them by looxing after them. 3 B AT HROwS HodEs and knowing y_ will do so. let the Board of Reliof—which, i iy curs to me, i3 the most practical eourca of supply—select two or three persous ip each ward, as the case may demacd, to tako su- pervision 0f their rerpective districts, searchin out every destitute tamily, learning their imm£ diste needs, taeir future prospects, and the nhfixt_v to earn a liviog when opportunity offers, Y an 2 REPORT SPEEDILY the circumstances as they find them, with ‘sug- gestions of what is needed. ‘Also, lot thera bo as many delivery-wagons as are necessary to make daily deliveries to families desiguated, E _As'regards these visitors, it _secms to me i individuals can be found in_every ward whe“lifi competept, sble, and willing to contributa st least a portion of their services to this work, thereby saving to the Relief Fund a considers. ble amount for charitable distribution. In this way the Boord of Relief may go fo their desks, take up the cases of charity s tematically, disposo of Emmpidly, without be- ing overwhe] & throng who are deluginy thera with d o e UNINVESTIGATED CLADMS ; the worthy poor would be spared the mortification _of exposing _themstlves lo public gaze, =nod of mivglihg promiscu- ously the deserving with tho hspocrite; and strangers who pass tlirongh our streets, ine stead of _stopping n_wonder on the cornerof Leullo knd Raudolph stréets, to inquire what meacs tbis assemblage of wo-begone connte- nances, might be led to inquire, Where ure Chi- cago’s poor? Very respectfully, W.C.W. Ciutcaco, Jan, 12, 1874 b Yorkshire vs. Chicngo. To the Editor of The Chicago Tribu Sme: Your Burlington (Wis.) correspondent suggests, in your paper of Dec. 1, 1873, cheap beer a8 & remedy for the uprising of the work: ingmen, and states that all kindsof work s better paid here than in Europe; that provi- siong ate chieaper here thn there; and that clothing can be had bere as reasonable as thera. Will you allow mo to make a few statementa IN CONTRAST g from my Yorkshire etandpoint, eituate, asthe ekeptics say, on the outside of England? Ism J not in any way connected with Communism, Trades-Unions, or Secularism of the Dradlangh type, which eneers st Royalty and the religions community, coming hero to sk the force of pub- lic opinion on bebalf of English theoretical Re- publicanism, whoso members do not average one in a thousand of the population of Yorkshire. Legislative acts are_passed hero independent of a0 enlightened public opinion. How, then. ehall Charles Bradlaugh waft across the ocean a pub- lic opinion on. monarchical institutions, that bss no existence in the commanity, and which, 13 public agitator, ho is powerless to creato in th ‘motley conglomeration of patioualities? 1 was yesterday offered a reduced price for my services—31 per day. Ihave a wife and family of threo—total five—to support oa $1 perday. The laborer i worthy of his hife, whilst the capl talist geta three-fourths, or the lion's share. ] ask, in all candor, shall I ever be'able to pay my grocer, butcher, landlord, or coal-dealer, ont of PREMIUM ON DISHONESTX ? Am I to defraud the g-r;cer, butcher, landlord. aod cosl-dealer the orence between &6 8 Heek and the smount-essential for my sp- sistence, thus copshituting these four trades-, e intd our Relief Sociot,yto bear the beat and burden of tho capitalist who takes-adsaa-, tage of the present financial panio to overesh’ the laborer 2 - . “Thereis aclsss of employers who hiremex they do ot pay, excopt it be in vulgarity ; 00 ers there are who pay their work-rpeuplem - 17, slways reserving two weeks of tho artisin's Wases due him, as trading-capital, without pay ing intcrest _thereon,—lcaving tho said undes. men as relieving officers to their men from month to month. ¢ 5 CAPIT. DR R S S NP SO sympathise and take s social interest in thosa who bave contributed so largely to the produs. fion of 1ts weaith. Anotaer is, that itehall Withdraw the publications circulated in Earope, recall its real-estatéagents ahd railway agentd back to view some of the victims diawng up in line, fronting the Relicf sud Aid Society's Tooms, driven there by the overcrowded stato of the labor-market; that it shall emoloy thesa sgents in giving something more than a semi- starvation dole to those who are-the fruics of its. bandiwork. 2 The nominally high wages of American artie sans are s A GLARING SHAX when contrasted with the ** purchasing powerof a dollar ” in the two couptries. A dolfar ia Chi- cago is orly equal in purchasing power t033 cents in Yorkshire, when espended in remh clotning, aad provieions. 3 The Yorksbire workingman can buy America flour, choese, and pork as cheap by rotadl B Free-Trade Yorkshiro as in Protective Chicsgo, * and American sewing-machines aid reapers o balf the prico paid here. The following prices for labor are for the year 1872 i ‘American _moulder, from $2.50 to £3.25 per day ; Yorkshire do, 58 64 per day, equal to 2140 Americau blacksmith, from $2.50 to 83.25 per day 3, Yorkshire do, 58 6d per day. " merican machinist, {rom 32.50 to &3 p& - day ; Yorkshire mechanic, 58 3d per day. P ‘American carpenter, $2.25 to $2.75 per d&s; Yorkshire joiner, 54 6d per day. . ‘fho plucky, manly, ontsposen Yorkehirsmsa works nine hours per day, against the reticest, airy Chicagoan’s ten hous & day. House-rent is - SEVEN TIMES DEARER than in Yorksbire, Leing paid m advance 02 taking possession, SI18 per month. equl ] £3158. In Yorkshire, came cubic fect, lupe: montly, equal to $2.15. Tho iaterest of r=2 paid in advance for twelve successive months n; 12 per coat, 18 $12.06. The houses nere are! e hed "with fire-grates, oven, and baile which compels the tenant to buya ‘cooking-4toi® [ at from £20°to 335, and & room-atove st $10 to 315. ; o American beef, 180; Yorkshire ‘bea, 246 pe pound. In contrast, u;s é})menun s couse uned, not juicy, tou| rous. » g!;filv:" e & q{nn,—gzhm gills l.ni’omhf being fally equal to a quart-mensure bery aginst 6 cents for a Yorkabire quart. "A glass of bear, 5¢; ngainst 2c. 1 Potatoes, 3¢ & peck, weighing 14 pounds; sagainst 25¢. Bagar. 13¢ per pound ; szainst 11c: Tes. §1.25; agaiust 8ic. # ~ Woolen-cloth gprments bespoke, Dlank flannels, drawers, stockings, muiflers. msclm: bandkerchiefa, nmbrellas, gloves, , forks, 8poODs, TAZOTS, BIe X THREE TO FOUR TIMES DEARED HEBE s Earthenware over threo times dea_m,;* Xuige coffee-cups and plates, $1.905 niam‘ ] farnished the tops of Yorkshire boots &5 them fronted and double-soled for 311; 384" £4.50. ‘A Lechorn hat which cost in Manchegter 2% I paid $1.25 for cleaning héro. ¢ Steel pens four times dearer. Gas $4.25 a thousand ; against 0% e, Haircutting 25c; sgaunst 4c. ‘Shaving 1% against 2c. Satches por box S ; azainst lo. aily newspaper be; agaiust 2. i Climsate temperato and damp i mbh!;; against extremo heat in summer and X, cold in winter, accompanied with sudden from heat to cold, aud vice versa. For the past ten years, % i * UNDER FREE N o e, fammished 24 g B e —— constant employment has been workingman B e all trades, and for the past three years, aine hours per day; agansb 5O 12 g