Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 4, 1874, Page 6

6 THE .CHICAGO . DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JANUARY 4, 1874. - — TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION (PAYTABLE IN ADVANCE), o | e Parts of a yearat the same rate. To prevent delay and mistaXes, be sure and give Post Off ce address (n full, including Stats and County. Remittances may bo made elther by dratt, axpress, Post Offce order, or :n registered lotters; at our risk. TERXS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Tafl;, delisered, Sunday excepted. % ceate per woek- Tally, celivered, Sunday fneluded, 20 cents par week. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Denrbors-sta.. Chicago, Il TO-MORROW'S AMUSEMENTS. M'VICKER'S THEATRE-Madison_street. hetween Dearbom apd Stata. Eagagemeat of Tommsso Salvinl. A ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Halsted streot, botween Mad- fn0n and_ Monros, Engagement of E. A. Sothera. ** Darid Garrick." HOOLEY'S THEATRE—Randolph strect, between Clark and LaSalle. Eogegemont of Miss Angusta Dar- gon. ** Camille.” GIL.OBE THEATRE—Desplaines stroct, fson and Wasdingron. ~ Engagcmant Harrisoa, **Tho Boy Datect Dbatwaen Mad- of Miss Alico ve.™ MYERS' OPERA-HOUSE 3Monroe street, between Dearboru ana State. Aslington, Cotton, aud Kemble Minstrols. ** SimpleSimon." Alipstreley and commicall- DR, KAON'S MUSEUM OF ANATOMY—Clark streat, batweon Madison and Moncoe. BUSINESS NOTICES. HEAGQUARTERS FOR BOYS' CLOTHING. OC. C. COLLINS, 181 and 186 Clark-st. PARTIFS ADDICTED TO THE USE OF OPIUM or Morphins, may bear of somotbing to thelr adyantage D i brssnss MORPH1A, Tribans lico. > The Chicags Caibune, Sunday Morning, January 4, 1874. BT. LOUIS AND CHICAGO. The 8t. T.ouis papers come to us resplendent with figares, and tables, and pictures represent- ing the business of that city for the year 1873. They contain mammoth wood-cuts of all the elevators and warehouses on both sides of the river, & picture of the Missiesippi River, another of & stern-wheel stesmboat towing canal-boats, & pictare of the bridge, and oneof thenmew Custom-House. From the mass of figures, we compile the totals, showing, as far as can bo Qone, & comparison of the trade of that city and of Chicago in the year 1873. The firat items, of. course, are the grainand four trade, which compare a8 follows : RLCEIPTS. 1971{. 1,148,574 31,698 26,383,422 The difference in favor of Chicago over St. Louis is just 70,000,000 bushels. The totals given include the equivalent of four reduced to busheis of whest. The totals of the two citics for 1872, 1n theso same articles, wore a8 follows : St. Louls in 1872, ba. 81, Louts in 1874, bu.. Loss in the year, b Chiczgo in 1873, bu, Chicago in 1873 bu. . Gain in the yuar, tu, The grdic trade of St. Louis fell off over 7 per cont, while that of Chicago increased 10 per cent. As weil as we cen pick out from the tables of the St. Louis papers, the receipts of live-stock of that city and those of Chicago for 1873 com- pare s follows : Chicano, St L - 70142 STTS0 952,403 291,353 X During the months of November and December, 1878, there were packed in Chicago 990,000 hoge, or more hoga than were received in 8t. Louis in the entire year. St. Louis packed in the same in, months 354,206 hoge. Wecontinue our compari- son of receipts : Clifcago. ~ St. Louis. 113 ! 3,300, We regret that, oning to the peculiar way in which they compute things in St. Louis, wo are unable to extend this comparison to many other orticles. Thus, they tabulate the butter, lard, snd meats received by * packages” instead of by pounds. But we notice s falling off in-lard of 20 por cent, and of cured pork to neatly the samo extent. The loss in apples and onions is offset by a *large gain” in eggs. The trado in bay fell off; in dried fruit tho lose of trade was 25 per cent; in butter there was a small gain, which was offect by a decline of 40 per cent in the reccipts of checse. In hemp there was a decline of 3,000 bales. There was an incresso in the lead receipts, but nothing to compare with the growih of Chicago in the same trade. Tho receipts of broom-corn show s de- crease, though there is & elight increase in seeds. Tho receipts of grease and white beans show & large decresse. In tobacco the receipts are mot given, bub it is said that, bad it not been for the panic, they might have reached 25,000 hogsheads. The weight of & hogahoead of tobacco varies from 750 o 1,200 pounds, according to the locality in which it ie packed. Allowing, however, 1,000 pounds to the hogshead, and the receipts 23,000 hogshends, we have an sggregate of 23,000,000 pounds. Theso reccipts were en- hanced by sn offer by soms of the St. Louis merchsnts to distribute $10,000 a3 prizes for tho largest ehipments to the city. In this way tho receipts of tobacco for 1873 were largely increased: In Chicago the tobacco trade has been growing steadily. aud last year reached 17,819,000 pounds, and in 1874 will equal that of St. Louis. The lead and tobacco trades have been considered paculiarly local to St Louis, but, Like all other branches of trade, these, too, are becoming greater hero than in that city. The Democral makes no attempt to give the values of the various receipts, nor'to compare them with last yoar. It claims, however, that 1n certain lines of trado the city held its own, and thus sums up the increase over 1872 in the sggregate business of theso lines. It says: Tosum up, then,the trade-results of the year 1873 have ‘been much better than a cursory glance ut the table of receipts and shipments would indicate, for'an absolute gain to our commerce, a8 compared with the Tesulta of 1872, may be claimed, a5 follow: $6,000,000 This ie throwing up the eponge. In seven articles of trade the increase over last year has been £6,000,000, while in all others thers has been & decline. Considering that the aggregate trade of St. Louis must be $350,000,000, how far this paltry gain in seven items is overbslanced by the decline in others the resdercan estimate trade of Chicago in1872 and in 1973 thus ¢om- pare : The claim of an increase of $6,000,000 by St. Lonis in the few items whero there was an in- crense at all, from which are to be deducted loeses in other lines, will hardly sustain the claim of that city that its prosperity during tho year has far exceeded that of Chicago. —e— TO0 MGCH HORSE, The ndvantages which a Depublican form of government possesses Over & rmonarchy are strikingly shown by an eguine comparison. Richard IIT., with all his wealth and his power, sccustomed 8s ho was to have everything his own way, lost his crown because he couldn't get a horse,—if we may believe Shakspeare. He not only wanted & horse, and demanded a horse, and cried and screamed for u borse, but he offered his- whole kingdom for a horse, and there was not & scller in the market even at that price. Consequently, after killing five Richmonds, upon the authority of Richard himself, ho was obliged to give up crown and sceptre and go down under the battle-axe of the sixth Richmond, because ho couldn't get a borse. While Richard couldn’t get a horse for & kingdom, our Republican sovereigns in every Depariment of jtho National Government geb horses for nothi);g. The Attorney-Goneral got aborso, but it was an unfortuvate Rosinante, which he has not been sblo to drive into the Supreme Court. Tho Secietary of the Treasury huviog got & horee, tho Auditors followed the example, and, the Auditors being booted, mounted, and spurred, of course the clorks must have horses. The House of Ropresentatives, 1ot to be behind the Departments, has kept & stud of nine horses during the year, for which the people bave paid §7.500, in order that the doorkeepers might Lave horses to aid them in their arduous duties. A doorkeeper on foot is Dot & very imposing creature, but a doorkeeper on horseback must be tho very impersonation of dignity and a terror to all inteclopers. The doorkeepers baving horses, it is now in order for the pagos to havo ponies, o that they can make their trips from the Bpeaker to the members with more dispatch. It mow aleo transpires that the diawers of tho Freed- men’s Burean are full of horses. Gen. Howard has not only hiad a horee, but all tha clerk have bad Lorses, and the ladies even have not been obliged to go shoppug on foot. Thore is uo evidenco yet to show that the Secretary of State corresponded with the Spanish Minister on horseback, nor that the Sccretary of the Navy contemplates going to tho Dry Tertugas ins buggy to look afier his horse-marines; but it is not out of the limits of possibility that both of them have caught the horso-discase, 1t is fast growing to be an nportant question when sud whore this procossion of drays, ex- press wagons, buggies, landaulets, phootoae, coupes, Liorses, mares, colts, ponies, silver and gold mounted harness, aud black-walnut sta- bles is going to end. Although the horse is by nature s beast of burden, the burden is growing to be an onerous one upon the people, who bave to pay for it, and who have no voice inthe se- lection of the animels or the expenses of their keeping. In addicon to this, there is a painful prospect that the horse is going to have & de- moralizing influence in Washington. Al- though the session of the House has bardly commenced, thero has already been a great deal ot stable-talk in the debates, and many. of the members have comported themselves like horse-jockeys. It is sbout time that this horse-business stoppod. It it keeps on much longer, the scrub- women will rido to their daily Iabors in side- saddles. Asu saving must be effected in some direction, why not commence with the horses, and limit tbe equestrisn advantages to the heads of Departments, until President Grant goes out of office, and his pernicious horse- example ceases? The people who go on foot are tired of payiog for horses, — e BISMARCK AND THE POPE. The first practical trial of strength between Bismarck and the Pope is imminent over the case of Archbishop Ledochowski, of Posen. The Jawe adopted last May for the government of occlesiastics in the German Empire impose some importent restrictions upon the exercieo of their anthiority, and make their official acts subjoct to the direction of the Imperial power. Among those who havo refused to acknowledgo the strict supervision of the Empire over cierical acts is tho Archbishop Ledochowski, He was cited to explain his disobedience to the laws of tho land, and o fine was imposed. This he Te- fused to pay, and his property was seized, with the exception of his houseliold furniture. As it failed to reslizo the full amount of tho fine, the fumnitura will bave to go mext. In the meantimo, the Arch- bishop was called upon to resign his See. e applied to the Pope for instructions, and was re- questedto hold ontohisofice. Holhas, therefore, refused to resign, on the ground that a Bishop derives his authority from the Pope, and need not rolinquish it at tho behest of apy oth- or ‘power. Thia position brings the Pope and the Premier into s direct con- fliet over s practical guestion. Dismarck hns certain important advantages in the outset. e can certainly forco the Archbishop outaide of hus provinee, and prohibit the performance of his duties. Dut thon will come the question of fill- ing the vacancy. 1t will not be poseible to find any Bishop in good standing to accept the ap- pointment to the vacancy. 1f unyshould accept, he would at once cease to be in good standing, for the Pope would unquestionably forbid the acceptance. The Government may pluce Bishop Reinkens in possession, and afford him every facility for fulfilling the fuuctions of the offico, but then 8 dissension will arise amonz the Catholics; & proportion of whom may be willing to acknowledge the new order of things, but the rest of whom will dis- sent. Here will the first practical issue under the new system be presented, and it must lead, ip case of Dismarck's determination to carry out the programme in full, to a declaration that the German Emperor, though a Protestant, is the head of the Catholic Church in Germany. Al this resds strangely enoughin this country, where | the churches are permitted to fight out their own Dattles in their owa way, set up new churches when they see fit, acknowledgo the infallibility of anybody they choose, aud perform such wor- ship and exercise such sutboiily as they desire. The case of Archbishop Ledo- chowski, however, reveals tho real pur- pose “of Bismarck's crusade, which canaot fail to set up a new Government Church for Germany, since the Catholics of the Empire are pelther numerous nor powerful enough to for himseld, Ete Zootings for the aggregate ] effectaally resist hhn. Whether they are mot powerfal encagh and sincoro enough, on te | other hand, to make the present Government | very uncomfortable before it gets through, is atill to be seen. THE COMMURE. In his recent work entitled *“ The 0ld Faith and the New,” the celebrated Gorman scholar, Stranss, makes & short digresslon on the aims and doings of the Commune—which is wonder- fully spplicuble to the meridian of Chicago, slthough ntended for that of Berlin, and serves to ehow that the soclety which ealls itself Inter- national is really entitled to the name : 1t s disagreeable, although unsvoidable, at this point, to apeak of the so-called fousth class, bocause in 80 dolng we touch on the sorest spot of modern soclety, And, 28 is well known, every wound or dis- ease is the moro difiicult of right treatment the moro 1t has been aggravated by & wrong one. Nor will it De aisputed that what we call the labor question stands in this predicament. The stato of the caso of itself would na doubt admit of remedy, if the patient would but suffer himself 0 be cured, or even to try to effect the cure himself in the right way., But quacks, and pro-eminently French quacks, have completely turned his head. Ons would have thought that the socialistic boil which has Leen gathering within these last decades fn France had thoroughly discharged it- self in the horrors of the Paris Commune—had clarly enough, in the flames of tho Hotel de Ville and the Louvre, shown society of all countries whither certain principles will lead us : (ko partisans of theso viows in Germany especially must be, one would have thought, partly abashed, partly discouraged. Nothing of the sort! In mestings, in nowspaper', in our very Parliament, people dare to approve, nay? to praise, what is abborrent to the common sense of every man and cltizen—thus manifesting what they themsclves might bo capable of under certatn elrcum- stances, AL the same timo they express the most utter batred, not only against the institution of property, but even againat art and ecience, a8 belng the lux- urious appifances of properly, These aro the Huns and Vandals of modern civilization, much moro dun- gerous than tho ancicnt, as they do not come upon us from without, but stand in our very midst, Let us acknowledge before all things, however, that tho other side muy be accused Of wmany errors, many. sins, especially of omission; human strength bas been made an instrument of recklosa gain; neither has any proper care boen takea for the workman's physical or moral weifare. DBut worthy men bave arisen to instruct the workman to peacefully bLelp Limself ; well-meaning employers bave displayed thelr good-will Ly giving thcm bouses, by the establish ment of dining-rooms, and by the promo ion amongst them of _the sick and burial Cclubs; in contres of . industry, besides, wo may now see tho formation of benevolent socletics which maka the building of dwellings for workmen their espocial tark. DBat the true prophota bave becu confronted by false ones; and, aa will happen, these latter havo found the greatest following among the mass, Party watchwords, such as that of the wat of Capital and Labor, sstirical fuvectives against the de- tested Vourgeousie, as if it wero a stiltly inclosed cluss, instesd of the access to it Leing free at any time tothe intelligent and industrious workman, are 50 casily repeated and so rarely subjected o auy accu- rate examination. A foreign societs, which propeses nothing less to figelf than the subversion of all our existing focial conditions, epins il threads through every country, stirs up our artisans, snd transforms their societics, originaily formed for mutual succor, into arsenals of resiatance 0 tho masters. The strikes perpetually breaking out, hero, there, and ev- erywhere, more especially in tho Cupital of the new German Empire, are a plece of anarchy in the midst of the State, of war in times of peace, of conspiracy car- riod out undisguisedly ia broad day ; the toleration of whosu existence does not redound o the credit of the Government and the Legislature, who look on in help- less inactivity. e s SALVINI, THEACTOR. The Italian people, though degenerate in wealth, industrs, sud social standing, as com- pared with their old-time position, aro still pre- ominent in art. Business in their cities is sloth- ful; the land of the country is worn out for agricultural purposes; the nobility has littlo left but it titles; the lazzaroni, once & class, bave become almost & nation. A pew stimulant has boen found of late years in the liberalizing of the Government atd the uniting of tbe people; but, for the rest, the Italiaus are content to live on their traditions. Their grand old palaces are metamorphosed into lodging-houses snd secoud- floor traltoria ; their most sacred places have been invaded for profano mscs; their pessants aro still pteeped in an igoorance that must be tho dregs of the middle ages ; their cities, with one or two exceptions, are dirty and nncomfort- able ; their hotels are cxecrable ; their theatres and opera-houses like greas barns ; and all the appurtenances of living, a8 wo understand it, far behind the spirit of the times. But in Italy, more than soywhere else, life is short and art is long. The memorics of their great painters, sculptors, architects, poots, dramatists, and actors seem to have imbued the people with o genius for art which survives all else. Thers is a cerfain indefinable and mysterious appreciation of excelience, not at all discoverable from the exterior appearance and habits of the Italian people of to-day, which do- velops and cultivates the fine arts,—painting, scuiptuze, music, and the drama. . Tommaso Salvini is one of threo great con- temporary actors given to the world by the Italy of to-day,—the pecr of Ristori and Rossi, snd perhaps greater than cither,—actors whose genias is 80 strong that they do mot oven need the language of their auditors to make them- selves understood and to assort their influ- Though mnow only 40 years of Bolvini has been & pgreat actor for twenty gyears, and his famo has spread over all the world, wWhere the dra- ‘matic art is appreciated, for the past ton years. Ho began his historic career when ko was 14 years of age, under tho tutelage of his parents, who were both actors, and, with the exception of such time as he was persccuted on account of his Republican principles, he has dovoted him- self exclusively and ardently to the study of hie profession. Aside from his tours throughout the wholo of Italy, he has received the recognition of genius in TFrance, Spain, Portugal, South America, and now in the United States. He has developed . some- thing more f(Lan tbo imitative facully which passes for acting.nowadays, and bas identified himself with the great romantic or historic creations of Shakspeare, Alfieri, Schiller, Voltaire, Bilvio Pellico, and other masters. He has won at orce the patronage of all thoge in & position to b patrons of art, tho approval of poets, critics, and actors, and the homago of the people. Such a man brivgs the histrionic art out of the depths into which charlatans, pads, and sawdust have sunk i1, and gives its place slongside of the muses who presde over music and poetry. The secret of Salvini's great success as an uctor, If the secrot workings of genius may be oxplored, seems to be bis faculty for combining the classic and the realistic schools of acting. His Olhello is a etriking example of this. Ofhcllo, 8s he portrays the character, is the negro with black face and woolly head, who. in our prejudice, wonld be apt, iu the hands of = lesscr artist, to alienate every sympathy. Yet, with such sutroundings, he preserves, through the first three acts in the quieter movement of the play, the statuesque dignity of the Moor of Venice, sugerior in civil- ization to those who look down upon bim, and the savage nature of his race is not brought out uatil wroaght upon by deceptions that ho conld not comprehend. . Then he gives i freo acope. Salvini dares sttempt flights of fancy and picture scenes of tragedy that few ence. age, others bave dsred in the mimic ar, and he comea out without that suspicion of absurdity that usually attaches tosuch danger- ous beight. His death-scenes, and particularly that of & new play called ** La Morte Civile,” are intensely realistic, and so powerful and sbsorbing in their interest that he makes his andience forget the stage and its surroundings. Ho understands thorouglly the secret of dra- matic climax. and his art is one of the redesming features of tho modern stage, all too rare at the prescnt time. His appearance o Chieago isa notewortliy event, which will andoubtedly be appreciated. —_— CHRISTMAS SPOOES AND -HOLIDAY MYS- TERIES. Christmas time usually brings a stock of staple ghost stories with the holiday numbers of the various magazines, which, like the cld parson’s barrel of sermons, might be turned over and re- commenced every few years. This year the magazine spooks have not bad the field entirely to themselves. There have been ghostly appa~ ritions snd genuine mysteries thronghout the length and breadth of the land, from Maine to California. California had a characteristic and realistic ghost that might have been tho hero of another Ids! of Red Gulch, had not some iron- fisted iconoclast brought him to grief. Ho emerged from Cimmerian darkness, after tho visit of a spiritualistic medium to bis neigliborhood, and reamed about at all hours of the night, in top-boots, with a seven-shooter on one side and o bowie-knife on the other, making vociferons demand for **more gin,” and then disappeared. It was subsoquontly ascertained that be had the jim-jams, atd the disappointed people of that region wero again thrown upon the resources of their own superstition for supernatural eotertainment. Duffalo was like- wise cheated out of a first-class ghost. A deceased expressman was the hero of tho wondrous tals. ‘Ha used to return to his former terrrostial abode, sit down upoa the bed, pull off his boots, and go through the usual routine of life in the body, and his spirit bade fair at ono time to rouse the Buffalonians from their customary sloth, when some ruthless fellow traced the story as faras the man's widow, and found that it had all grown up on tho basolass fabric of a vision. Like a fond wife, she had dreamed a dream of her husband after ho had been dead a couple of weeks, and it was this dream that had been duly exagperated by repetition into s first-classghost. Rochester scems to lead all ber contempora- ries in ecosational literature. Two of the sub- urbay villages of that suburban community Lave furnished materinl enough to startle the country all aboat. In Avon,an unmarried woman named Eleanor Bonucy, whoso weight (215 pounds) precludes ali suspicion of s light or trivial pur- pose, sometime since announced her iutention of demonstrating to the world that even 8 mountsin of eolid flesh may melt, and yet cougeal again into & solid and compact mass. She gnthered her fricnas sbout her, issued her instructions, laid out & programme for hor trance-hfe, sod proceeded to un- dergo an exaggerated Bauting systom by ab solutely refusing to partake of any food. She then lay down on the bed, gasped convulsively a fow minutes, and ceased to breathe. This was the 10th of last November, nearly two months sgo. Her frieuda, according to ber instructions, still keep the body, and insist tiat she is not dead but slecping. Certain evonts which Jiss Bonney predicted are said to havo happoaed. For instance, she said that, after a given time, ber tonguo would protrude, there would be a slight effusion of blood from her nos- trils, her body would turn black, and ber eves would project out of her head, all of which ia said to have come sbout. She wsa also to lose fifty pounds, which 1osa she conld very woll afford to sustain. Even mortification was to set in, aud, if the testimony of the Coroner may be accepted, this hes com- menced. Still her relatives and friends have faith, and propose to keep her till the end of six months from tho time of her apparent deceaso, by which time, according to her own promise, she is to come back and be of the earth, eartby. 1If Miss Bonaey keeps her promise in tls re- spect, she will bave carved out a conspicuous place for hersclf in trauceliteratuie. It ia to be Lloped that she will not come out as badly as the San Fran- citco young woman, Alisa Collins, who pro- fessed some time sinco to hiave been visited in her trance by the Virgin Mary, and who exhib- ied the sugmats,” or the marks of the cruci- fixion, on # -an 8, head, fect, and temples, although she biad nover been crucified. Investi- gation in Miss Colling’ cose has shown finally that her stigmata were produced by her own unils, with which she picked at her flesh for the purpose of making the faithful beliove that a new miracle had been performed. Tho enumoration of the ghost stories goirg the rounds just at this time might be extended still further, if thers wero sny object init; but, ss they all come out with about the samo result, it is unnecessary to do so. The gencral conclusion is, that tho times are not favorable for spooks, and that tho good old holiday traditions aro giving way.to the prectical tendencies of tho age. 1o one case, & widow woman, who has been pestered with dis- |- agreeable, manifestations about the bhouse, at* tributed to her Iate lamented husband, has ap- plied to a lawyer for reliof. It wonld rot be surprising after this to bear of serving out sn injunction agamst a ghost.” This might prevail as agaiost & deceosed husband, especially if coupled with & demand for alimony, but we doubt if it would reach a ease in Missouri, where the firat wife bas come back to blight the happi- ness of a second marriage. He is a bold lawyer who would unde:take such o case a8 this. THE WASHINGTON HORSEWHIPPING CASE. A case of parental ciscipline was recently made public st Washington, and bas beon published all over the country. The statement was, substantially, that a fatber holding a respecta- ble social position bad flogged his danghter, 17 years of age, with a Lorsewhip. The father has since then published a defense of his conduct. He says that ho was dissatisfied with the conduct of somo of his daughter's ascociates in the neigh- borhood, and had forbidden her visiting, unat- tended by himself or other male escort, various public places, incloding Gances and matinee performances at the theatres ; that, knowing Lis opinion on this subjzct, bie daughter was in- duced repeatedly to visit other families, and to go with them to such places. While he says nothing of the alleged whipping, it may,be in- ferred that be bad faith in the rawhide 28 a care for depraved tastes. The claim he males upon the public is, that he has the right to-regulate bis own honschold; that he, and not the neighborkoad, i the proper judlgo of the propriety of his daughter's attond- ance at public places ; that, when hie foibids her to go to such places, cspocislly without an ap- proved escort, his neighbors have no right to interfere to tell Ius child that she should dizobey him, and should go where other people went, and actually take her to places where he does not think it proper for her to go at all. Omitting the hossowhipping, the public st largs will sustain the father. That he is the head of his family, and responsible to society fur the conduct of those members who are under his legal control, can hardly be questioned. That it is his right as woll as his duly to prevent Ifis children attending improper public places, and to take whatever steps may be necessary to ac- complish that end, will not be denied. The preservation of the family relation is the pre- servation of the itogrity of social order. The family is the unit of society. The father is in- vested by law with authority to enforce obedi- ence to his discipline. He must of necessity be the judge in all cages of doubtful propriety in the deportmont of bhis family. So far from there belng soything wrong io the conduct of this father socking to restrain his child, the misfortune for society, and for the growing generation of girls, is, that other parents do not exerciso their authority more rigidly. No one can visit these public places where women are admitted withont male escort, and not fail to witness the deplorabla consequences of the laxity in parental suthiority. ‘Thoso places aro attended mainly by four classes: 1. Women of the abandoned character, who go thero to advertise themsolves. 2. Women who go thers to meet, win tho confidence of, and evontually corrupt, young girls hitharto pure, snd thus recrmt their establishments. 3. Men who go there tc meet femalo vico of all ages and degrees, and to bacomo acquainted with it. 4. Girls of from 8 to 18 years, of respectablo families, who are at first astounded, then com- plimented and pleased with the closo and marked attontions thoy receive from tho gorgeously- dressed mon snd women by whom they are sur- rounded. If any one questions the accuracy of this classification of the attendanca at sn ordi- nary afternoon entertainment to which females are admittod without escort, let him visit one and sce what he will see. Now, itis & matter for parents to judge how far their daughtors can go to such places, ospecially if thay go habitually, without attracting the attention of those whose trade aud profit are in corrupting the young ; and itis for parents to judge whether an absolute prohibition of attendance of their daughters at such places is mot part of the imperative duty they owe to their children, 1f not to society. While the use of the horsewhip on & growa-up girl recalls past doys of barbarism, and suggests that 1t is Lucely to bave a contrar. effect fromthat intended, thero are fow who will not justify and approvo the moat rigorous parental authority to prevent their cbildren falling futo the hands of these demaded but vigilant hunters after re- cruits for sho deus of infamy. INTERNATIONAL LAW FROM THE VIRGINIUS PCINT GF VIEW. The variety of opinions expressed on the Jegality of the capture of the Virginius by the Spanish steamer Tornado ; on the shooting of uer Captain and several of hor crow ; the uncer- tain snd wavering attitude, in the matter, of the Spanish Goveramont towards our own, aud of ours towards it,—both apparently willing to do justice to the other, but neither quite cerlain what justico demanded ; the Cabinets a* Wash- ington and Madrid scknowledging their respect- ive countries to be bound by the Iaw of nations, and protesting thoeir readiness to eettle the con- troversy between them in accordanco with ita prciples, provisions, aud precedonts; yet seemingly iznoraut what principles, provisions, or precedents applied to ths caso point sugzest the question : Is not what is called International law a thing of air, intangible and unsubstantial? Profound lawyers Lave given opinions in the matter of the Virginius 50 oppo~ pite as to be mutually destructive. Attorvey- General Williams emitted one, the first half of which overruled the other. Our own Govern- ment ingisted that the Vuginius shouid be turn- ed over to us, aud then inquired whether it had a right to mako the demaud. Spain surrendered it, and then decided that it should not have dono 0. Doth nations, like impulsive childron, - acted first and thought after- ward. Alas for tho dignity of nations and the uncertainty of International law! Tuat both countries might Lave maintained their national dignity a degreo or two better, and that the law of uations might be more certain, is the worst, however, that can be gaid, for the history of the Virginius case is not witkout its bright sde. It demonstrated in the first place that both nations wero willing to abide by the law inter gentes, if it could only be ascertaned what that law was. It demonstiased, too, that, if war had followed, it would haye been csused by, tho TUNCERTAINTY OF THE LAW ; that if there were awritten code of International law, & resort to its pages might provent o resort to arms. The disposition manifested by two pations to settle their disputes by prin ciples of right, recogaized as such by the civilized world, because they aro 8o recognized, is oue of the most cheering political phenomena. of the present time, and does much to satisfy us tuat, on the wholo, the world is growing more humane, and resson extending the bounds of her empire. In view of so much gained for the world at large, we foel pretty sure tha., spite of dofalcations, strikes, salary-grabbing, and Com- muntstic threats, the good in tho balance of to- day outweighs the evil. Aud we doubt not through the ages An fucreasing purpose ruws, And the thougii.s of men are widensd Wl the process of the suns, We need scarcely be surprised, however, that natious plaintilfs and nations defendantsshould be thus uncertain of their rights aud duties, or the profeseors of International law thus diverse in their views on questious #o momentous, when wo consider that, as every dsy's experionce teaches, Jobn Doo sues Richard Roe, aud both find eomnent counsel who cooscieutiously differ a8 to where the right lies. There is & senso in which all law is uncartain,—in the application to state of facts which never'before presented it~ gelf. It may be questivned whether Internation- al law is less certain than municipal law. Ovly thero is no Judgo to decide between nations ex- cept DRUTE FORCE under the name of War. Brute Force has long been and will continue long to be the Chief-Justice of nations. To hopeforansthing better immedi- ately would be chimerical. Still there isa tend- ency to substitito in its stesd tho average Humanity and Reason of thecivilized world ; and, a8 that average is raised,—and it is yearly ris- ing,—war will be called upon less frequently to arbitrate between States. It is the average humanity and reason of the American people, and of the rulers of Spain, that has bitherto warded off & war between the countrics, . and this in spita of the impetuosity of large masses of the two Republics, all whose scquaintance with International lo.v and International justice maybo summed up in * Viva Espana,” and & Harrah for tho Stars and Stripes " ; which in either case means merely, Horrah for our side. 1t does not follow, however, that hecause our Toternational law is oot as certawn as it might be ; that becauso there is no authority recogniz- ed by nations to interpret it or decide between litigants, ou 1its principles; that becausa each uation is in theory as well as in fact independent and sovereign, there is prectically mo such law or that wnat there is of it is no great boon to the race. Looking only at its defects, wo may bo tempt- ed to uuderrate ite value. Looking atitsongin, and the long bistory of its progress, thereis everything to bo gratefal for. When an incident like that of the Virzinius happens to show us its deficiencies, we aro apt to think only of what we find wanting. To appreciato what we possess, lowever, we should Jook backward, and seo from what small beginnings .+ THE LAW OF NATIONS has grown into & magnificent syatem of princi- ples founded in humanity sud reason. Con- templating the past, we may form very sanguine hopes for ths futuro,—not for the immediate future, perhaps, but even the remote future is not indifferent to man. International law is divided into International public law and International private law, and prescribes tho duties and rights of State to State, of the citizons of one State to those of every other, and to other States. Every inaividual State owes allegiance to the law of nations, and is bound by its provisions. Woiff, one of the writers on the subject, speaks of a - cituas mazrima, equivalent to a central power, with authority to enforce obedience to the provisions of this law. Butno such power exists. Still, it is* far from correct to suppqee that International law is destitute of all sanction. No nation can violate it with im- punityin even s singlo point, sincs such vio- lation entails n loss of natioual honor, and of the advantages which the jaw insures. Shitk tho duties it imposes and claim its benefits, no State can. Nor is thereanything to prevent a coalition of nations against one that is refractory to its mandates. It is or may be the interest of all to doit, Insofaraaitistrue that nations have always had more or less intercou:s» with one another, there has always been some law by which that intercourse was regulated,—and, ‘it such law is to receive any name, it may be called intornational lsw. Grecco, Rome, and the East bad a species of law of nations, but with rothing in common with ourInternational law but the name. 'The thing covered by the name was, however. entirely different. So long as nations themselves had uothing in common, so long as each consilered all others barvarous, so long as alion and enemy were synonymous, international Inw, in tho sense in which the expression is used to-day, wag impossible. Between : PERPETUAL ENEMIES there are no rights and no daties. That the Greok was a man sod the Eryptian & man was 10 bond between Greek and Egyptisn. A com- moa humauity was an abstraction never digni- fied into a relationship by Grcek or Jew. Alodern International law is the offspring of Chiistianity. The Christian religion is cosmo- politan. All previons religions were ethnic— local. They ware so many barriers between na- tion and nation. Christinnity wis a bond be- tween nation and nation, It first gave to dif- ferent uations a common series of principles and moral truths ; and on this common groand, one on which all could stand, the fabric of inter- national law has been raised. To the Greek, all who were not Hellenes were ‘barbarians. According to Aristotle, it was the mission assixned bis countrvmen by Nature to reduace all others to servitrd2, The Romans, despite b ieir jus feciale, knew nothing of inter- national law worthy of the azme. | THE BOMAN ENPIRE had united the world 1nta o great political sys- tem. and pregared the way for the spread of Christianity. But the Roman Empiro could only bring tho persons; not the minds, of men to- gether. To effect this & subtler cause was needed. When the Empire of Chailemagne was founded, the nations of Europe were bronght into closer nnion yot—minds and por- sons were now brought in contact by Govern- ment, religion, and law ; and humanity was more nearly ofganic than ever before. The crusades proved tae ononess of the Earopean mind. They wero a reeult of taat very onenoss. The Dible and Justiniap gave law to the Christian world. Out of the Bible, and Justinian, and the Canon law camo the principles of International law. ‘Tho decroasing divergence botwoen nations begun by Christisgity was contsined by the mariner's compsss. Tho magoet discovered America and brought nations nearer to one another. Com- merce has coatinued it. Froe trade may per- fectit. Christianity canged fundsmental prin- ciples of morality and law to be ono the civilized world over. The mariner’s compsss, commerce, and freo trade are making the inter- ests of all nations one. A common fundamen- tal law and common interests: such is, in epitome, the progress of civilization since tho appearance of Christianity. Thus, as said sbove, the history of Inter- national law, from its bezinning to the present, is ome of progress. Looking at its present state, there is something to be desired. Looking at its past, contrasting its present with its past, there is an infinite deal to be proud of. The advance made since each nation was the enemy of every other—at the dawn of Christianity—to tho present, when the interests of all aze 80 knit together that injury to one iz injury to all, is & giant etride. Dub greater still doos the advance scem when it is considered that thero was a time, and that not by any means s goologic age ago, when there was not a single principle of right by which nations conld adjust their differences, while now thn yuestior dis- cussed by international lawyers iz INTERSATIONAL ARBITRAT/ON— how national disputes may be settled without & rosort toarms. The progress is measured by the difference between a time when all disputes were settlod by war, aud ono when the possivitity of settling all without it is the subject of -liscussion. Surely, bere is much to congratalate bumanity upon. Viewed in the light of the past, tho con- duct of the Umted Statesandof Spain in ibe Virginius case affords no reason to despond. When the law of natious is codified, as there geems some reasvn to think it wall bo before long, it will be much essior to know it, and much easier to decide which party is in the right and which in the wrony. This is now po easy task, The works of authors Like Grotius, Pul- fendorf, Wolff. Vattel, Wheaton, ara aathori- wative only where treatios aund proto- cols are silent, and whero the great Porwers have not by declaration made koown what the law ia. Hence the diffculties of interna- tional iaw. Tue TRIBUNE, in a recent editorial, pointed out the neeessity of such a code, whick relieves us of enlarging on that point here. The fact that codification is even spoken of is a proof of the advances that baso been made snd are making. It showa that there is at last some- thing to bo codified. It demonstrates, 0o, & deaire on the part of States to know and.be guided by the law. luternationsl law Lad never % brighter prospect than it has in 1874 Nover was the disposition to submiz to it greater than at present. . —_— A report which accompanies the Criminal and Jadicial Statistics of Ireland for 1872 gives some information in regard to the proportion of in- Ianticide to other murders. Reckoning the propor- tion of children in Irelaud underone year of age 23 5 to 200 of the population, the tumber of in- fantictdes is about twenty-gix times the number of all other murders. This, of course, excludes the abortions produced, and murders that are not technically rated st this degres of crime. To Englaud and Wales, where the proportion of population under omo year " is about three in winety-seven, the number of infanti- cides is forty-four timas the number of murders committed among all the rest of the population. This would seem to indicate that there is an im- pression smong 3 good many peaplo that it is not 80 serious & matter to kill an iwant asit is to kill an adult. s SR Tho LaCrosse Republican states that s firm in that city recently imported goods from Europe (0 th value of 31,700. After payiby duties and all legal charges, they had to pay tha following bill, medo out againat them by the yersons who hold the Governmen warebouse motopoly Total.. Thig 18 &n excess of 6 per cent, on the value of the goods. This heavy toll is 1n additi the legal tax and chargen, R —_— CHEAP TRANSPORTATION IN THE LAST CEN- TURY. Alarge committee of tho Sensts an have improved or beguiled the recessdtofl"u:lui: New Orleans and msho farther stulies in thy T}-auspnr'uhoq queation, and there is & lurking disposition on the part of some of these gentle- men to recommend canals over moustaiz. summits as the panaces for all our woes in tha W!;hof getting grain to the sea. X ere are just five canal propositions be! the couatry : 1. The cansl to cu!:mu:: the ’l(‘:: nessee River with some stream emptymng intg the Atlatic; 2. The extcusion of tho Jamey River Canal 2cross the mountains to ‘the Ka. nawha; 3. The extension of the Chesapeake & Ohio Cansl from Cumberland across tiie moun. taios to the Youghiogheny and Ohio; 4. Tae widening and deepening of the Erio Canal; 5, An American canal, or the enlargemont of the present Canadian canals, 80 as to give ocean commerce betweon Lake Erie and tho Galf of St. Lawrence. - i THE CHESAPEARE & om0 scmewz, As two of the cbove canals are mountain en. terpuiscs, and, if they can be eliminated from tbe public mind, will reduce the ares of com. plexity, we propose to show by the illastration of the Chesapeako & Ohio Canal the impracti- cability of carrying o stream of water over the tup of tho Alloghauics, either by tho James, the Potomac, or the J 4 The canal system in America has almost tho antiquity of the turnpike system. The Chess peake & Delaware Canal, the first link in a chaiy of lock navigation whici: coaneets the sounds of North Carolinn with the harbor of New York, inlanl, waa begun in 1824, and, although but 14 milos long, it cost, by resson of 3 cut- ting only sevanty fect in the deepest pact. the sum of 2,200,000, and five years of heavy work. The Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, chartered in 1324 and completed in 1323, got to Cumberland aiter the raliroad Lad overtaken it, and gainoed tho OLio, and there it stops to this day. Tho Pproposition to continue it across the mountaing would never have been suggested by either of the town corporations nor by the State which, after innumerable ditficulties, pushed 1t to the coal region. . The James River Navigation Company was chartered in 1784, before we hal auy wagon- roads to tieo West other than military, This Compzny reached Lynehbarg in 1841, Then tho James Kiver & Kanawha Compauy took up tho work and carried it to the foot of the mountalns, Eaving paid out by 1855 more thau $15,000,000. The Penusylvania Caal, long ago completed, undertook to climb by water to the bases of the mountais, and then pass over by s portage railroad 87 miles long.. This road, by successive inclined planes and_stationary cnginca, carried canal-boats to the altitude of 2,491 fect; the road alone cost above $2,000,000, and has long been disused. d The Chesapeake & Ohio Canzl was revived last summer and recommended to Congress. As it was, in'its memorable struggle, the most nationsl attempt of tue day, engincered by Na- poleon’s chief topographer, aud supported by Washington himself, aud voted moncy by tho - Gities' of Washington, Baltimore, Alexandris, Georgetown, and Williamsport, snd faally suz- rendered by the General Government to Mary- land, and by Margland carried on with tho same energy which achioved tho Baltmore & Ohio Railroad, it may make o chapter usefal to our day. GEORGE WASHINGTON'S COMPANT. The canal along the line of the Potomac River from Georgetown, and subsoquenily from Alex- andris to the City of Cumberlaad, has two chap- ters: Tho first organization aspiring to thia fest in inland navigation was called the Potomsa Company. In 1754, twenty years beforo the Rov- olution, Georgs Washington in person explored a route for connecting the East and the West by the watersof the Potomac end Youghiogheny Rivers, and made a report on the entire country to the Colonial Legislature of Virgiais.” Again, in 1770, he made auother repoit to the Governor of Maryland, and, after the close of the Revolu- tion in 1784, he went to Annapolis with Gen Ta- fayette, and obtained a comcurrent actof tho Legislature, thercby adding himaclf to the abused clasa of lobbyists, authorizing a canal on this line. He computed the distanco from Detroit to Washington to be €07 miles, against 840 to Richmond, 745 to Philadel- phis, and 1,103 to New York. In fact, Washington's first public act after conquering the independenceof the country wasto bave this canal dug. The traveler on the Potomac =il not go astray if ho associates the grave and ‘martial fzure of our firat President, from south ic declining age, with almost every landscape along the stream. He traveled 650 miles, mainly on horseback, in 1784, 80d, in 1753, at the age of 21, ko had riddea from Willismsbarg, by Alexondria, to Northwestorn Peansylvania. Thus, Washington was & pioncerandan engineor, a3 well 25 a soldier and statesman. The Virginia Legislature sdded Gon. Gates 2nd Col. Blackbum to a deputation, of which Wasbington was the head, to proceed to Annapo- Tis. Gates only was sble to zo with Washington, and thus tho conquerors of Cornwallis and Bar- goyne arrived at Anpapolis _sbout Dee. 20, 1734. The weight of the Virginis deputation prevailed ; 2 rdad was decreed to be cat 80 feet wide, from Fort Cumberland to Cheat River, ot the joint expenso of tho two States, this rosd fo precedo a canal. Soon afterwards tho Potomac Company wag organized. - After thirty-seven years of hard labor, and an expoaditure of $730,000, the Potomaz Company was pronounced A FAILURE 1N 1820, Meantime coal had beeu discovered in Alleghany County in tha year 1804, and in 1823 the bitumin- ons coal-fields wers well understood, else the canal would bave stopped far sbort of Camber- land. The three grest centra! States of the West - had been sdmitted into the Union, and they partly jowned in a echems to carry the canal over the mountains, and tuus unite the Lakee and the Obio with tho Chesapeake. THE SECOND ATTENPT- June 20,1823, the Chesapeako & Ohio Cana Company was formally organized in the City o Washington; Chales Fenton Mercer, of ‘\'n- ginia, mado President, and Bepjamin Wrigh Chief Engineor. July 4, 1928, John Quinc Adams, President of the United States, dag th first spadefnl of earth ab Little Falls, in th presorico of foreign Ministers, Cabinet, military and populace, Aug. 15, 1823, the old Potoma Company surrendered their cbarter, propert: aod rights to tho mew organization. At thi time, and until 1837, the Unitod States sad the District of Columbia controlled the canal, 2 tho following subscriptions will show : Tota capital stock, 36,004 shares, or $3,609,400, at par thus divided + United States, £1.000,000; Cit: of Washington, $1,000,000; Alexacdria am Georgetown, each, §250,000; State of Maryland $300,000; Corporsion of ~Shepherdatowr £9,000 ; individual subscriptions, £607,400. Tl{ cities in the “District of Columbis tilled lhf:; subscriptions by a loan made in Hollaad, whic ' the General Government subsequantly 8¢ sumed, and took the stock, to be voted by th Secretary of tho Treasury. Prior to all this, or in the year 1824, Congres voted 230,000 to pay the expeuscs of survey o the whole line of the canal, from Georgotown £ the Ohio ; and the renowned STOY BERNAED, who had been Aide-de-Camp to ‘Napoleon, a2 was afterward Louis Pailipps's Becretary ¢ War, took charge of the work in person, assists by Lieut.-Col. Totten and Jobn L. Sullivas Civil Engineer of Massachusetts. In the fall ¢ 1826, Gen. Bernard mado & completa report 1 the President, estimating the cost, trom Georgy town to Cumberland, to ba 3! locks, 578 feet of aecent, and 186 miles of wa} From Cumberland to the mouth of Casgelman - River the cost waa eatimsted sk $10,028,123, 2 £8,177,081, with o i ! i P % T i b s b Ft s i bt o ARl a | i r e s ot M