Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 4, 1874, Page 5

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JANUAKY 4, 1874 PARIS. . . The Second City on the Globe. The Queen of Dry Goods and Empress of Virtue and Bijouterie. Its Topography, Fortifications, and Boulevards. Streets, Pavements, Sewerage, Water- Supply, Building-Material, and Architecture, Almost an Entire Absence of Confla- grations, and the Causes of Such Absence. pectal Correspondence of The Chicado Trivune. Pants, Dec. 14, 1873, Pasis ig 8 spectacle, & show-piece, & theatre, an opers, 3 circus, 4 panorama, all combjoed. For more then & century the rulers of France have sorght to make it tho world's fashionable head- crters, where all the idle and pleasure-loving Sen and women with pecuniary mesns would omosad spend their leisure and their money— cspecially their mooey. And they have achieved ‘heir purposo, altbough it bas cost HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS tosobaila and decorate the city 2 to produce 8o desired effect. ‘Paris, for fifty years past, has been the placo thence has issood tho monthly or weokly ssuges of fashion in dress and personal adorn- qerits, ond tho yearly change of style in fash- sonsble furpitoro and equipsge. In all these sostly concerns of life,—aud they constitute the wehief end of man” with millions of the self-assamed better classes of all countries.—Paris 8 tho reiguiug dictator, without & rival among the cities. Londoa, New York, Berlin, Vienna, Chicago, snd St. Peters- burgh obey the fashionable edicts of Paris as ‘mplicitly 88 the inferior cities zod villages, 4 rebellion agninst her suthority is s crime that aever enters the heads of the milliners, dress-— zakers, tailors, shoemakers, kLatters, cabinet- zskers, jewelers, and their patrons, throughout doworld. Raris is QUEEN OF DEY GOODS . nd Empress of virtu and bijouterie. i The natmal tastes of the pecple of Paris it with their interests, and peculiarly qualifs er to eclipse all rivals in catering to tho fash- pnsble, ext-avagant, and busterfly classes of iociety. Thus it is that Paris, without any natural ad- rantages whatever, has made hersolf the sec- | . mdciry of the world in ropulation snd weelth, S \ndthe firstin point of beauty and art. Paris s mot o sea-port, and has mo direct foreign commerce. There are no great deposits of coal or other valugble min- eral in the vicinity to furnish steam-power or materials of manufactures; not even & fertiie bountry, for tho soil is thin and poor, and re- quires good culture to malke it productive. There Is no water-power, and the water itself is infe- rior and ecarcely £% to drink. But Paris has tri- amphed over all these disadvantages of eitu tion and demials of Nature, and has fairly pelipeed all hor rivals snd CARRIED OFF THE PRIZE. Paris owes its particular location’ 10 s little ‘sland formed by the River Seine, which inclosed Fithin its embrace about 80 acres of land, on Fhich & wandering tribe, some 2,500 or more fears agd, built their huts, and lived by fishing snd bunting. The insular position of this patch of ground swept on all sides by a strong. doep current, rendered it & natural fortress, diicult of invasion by any other tribe. And hereon wag founded the City of Paris; and when it was ccvered with houses, villages grew up on the opposite shores, aod, in time a great city \wa8 constructed around this little kernel. This - lsland, for & thousand years or more, Las been called “pa erTE"— . the city. Tpon the conguest of ‘Gaul by Julius Crsar, se found & branchof the tribes calling them- \elvos Parigii occupying this river-stronghold, which they named Lutetia. But it was not until > he time of the Emperor Juliap, in A. D. 860, :hat Lutetia changed its name to Paris, and ob— aained political franchises and the dignity of s+ Roman colonial city. On the island is the - lamous i NOTRE DAYE CATHEDRAL, hich is the Wesiminster of Paris. Tt was first ilt abont A. D. 1182, was burned down and re- <juilt several times. The present walls have oen etanding about 350 vears. f -to;n way of describing Paris is by comparing with London or New York. It contaius a litile \ . ore than half the population of the former, and - “Llitrde Jess than double that of ths latter. Acity l st twice a8 populous as the commercial cap- fal of America must striko the roader aa a very | ‘wgecity. Paris is fairly entitled to be consid- ired the ! £ECOND CITY ON THE GLORE “nnearly all points of comparison. Thero may . ieone city in China containing a greater popu- ftion,—Pekin ; but the claim rests on supposi- ion, 2nd is not supported by ofiicisl orsuthentic Ensu-enumeration. R { Parin covers an area of 19,271 scres, or a trifle bader 32 square miles, of compactly -l terri- | . Ita exterior form is an oblong circle, egg- - baped, 7 miles in longest and 6 miles in short~ | btdismeter, and 21 miles in circumference. It epo suburbs, properlyspeaking, but is wholly potained i WITHIN THE WALL fected during the reign of Louis Philippe, be- - feen 1841 and 1848. Tu military parlaice, the ienceinto” (or wall) cousists of minety-four lonts of 970 vards each, with a ditch of the av- fagedepth of 20 feet and breadth of 60 to160 feet. =, Dere are sixty-five public entrancos, viz: fifty- “ be highways, ten passages for railways, and nr posterns, The walls average 40 feet in #ight from (he bottom of tho ditch to the top ! the parapet. They are strengthened by eix- ©n powerful detached casemated forts, pre- wting ninety-three frouts, which defend the | 'proaches, and are connected therewith by o 4 Ties of underground strategicgl roads. Daur- gthe tiege of Paris the Germags were unable eilencs or capture a single one'of these forts, dnever got near the wails until after the city Frendered by force of famine. . ko main valae of these walls of circumvalla- nin time of poace is to prevent the smuggling Xfwd or drink into the city without first pay- 1 A HEAVY OCTROI DUTY treon, frory which tax is derived the chief ‘ fenue of the City Government. Nothing can ‘ Ler the city except at oue of -the gates, which | }Enudnd by police and soldiera. 3 i e first system of fortifications of Paris were : ted in the days of the Crusades. They were : the Boulevards (or bulwarks); they em- \ . 4 circuit of sbout seven miles, and ex~ ; 3ed just about & mile in each direction from : ame Cathedral, on the island. : cotrse of time this spuce of four sguare ; tibecame completely filled up with popula- : I ABOUT THE YEAR 1670, Government pulied down the walls and fere und filled up tha ditches, and laid off & d highway, abont 200 feet wide, in the spsce erly occupied by the wall and ditch, 1ows of trees were planted around circle, or the greater part of lennug 3 wide roadway between and sidewalks 30 or 40 feet wide, which _®werm with pedestrians. Many of these are still standing, especially those planted e South Boulevards about 100 years ago. wile, sweeping driveway retained the name of ~ THE BOULEVARDS, ithas o score of sub-nomes. For in- commencing at the Madeleine Church,. 4 magnificent structurs, built exacily in le of the Templo of Jupiter at Athens,— tsection is called the Boulevard dels leing ; next. the Boulevard des Capucines which I sit); next, the Boulevard des ; then, the Eonlovard Montmartre ; Paissonniere ; then, Bonne Noivelle. This usronnd to the Archof St. Denis and of 8t. Mertin, where two prominent t the Boulevard, abousa mils from where we started. The next change of name is the Boulevard 8t. Martin ; then, the Roulevard du Temple; then, the Buule- vard des Filles dn Colveric ; then, the Doulevard Beaumarchais; then, _the Place de la DBastile, being ihe place where stood the old Bastile of the Hevolation. At this poivt & dozen or more streets converge from every direction. Tho distance from the Bastile to the Madoleige is something over 2 mules, and in that space tho street, it will be observed, CSIANOES IT8 NAME TEN TIMES! In the rewsindor of the circuit it changes iis neme ten times more,—meking twenty in all. Between the Madeleine uud the Dastilo is the Broadway of on which is found the best class of buildings, tha prineipal opora-houses aud theatres, the laxgest and finest Lotels, the most elegant and lighest-priced stores, the most glitter and glark. the grcatest profusion of cafea sud driuking whops, the largest display or fashion and irippery, ardthe groatest crowds of people promeuading backwards and forwards dey and night, or mtiing bofore littlo metallic stands; sipping_vatious beverages, or smoking— all intent on idling away their time in the least useful macner. DUT THERE ARE OTHEE BOGLEVARDS besides the onc above described, In 1814 the French, for the purpose of resisting thia iuvgsion of tke Ailiae, erected a.circlo of fortincations arouud Paris at u average distance of s mile beyond tho old bulwarks pulled down in 1670. As be- fore statad, anothor system of works was com- menced in 1841, about a mile still further out, which yet stand, whiie those of 1814 were lev- eled, snd & great circular street established on the Wace oceupied by them. ‘This second citcle is called the Boulevards ** Exterieur,” whilo the other one 1 called the * Intencur,” and the outer walls are called the Fortification Boule- vards, on the inside of which is u wido roadway endircling tho presout city. 21 miles in lepgth; aud o few hundred yards inside of that is a muiilitary railroad, also encircling the city, and inteaded to handle troops and munitions with celerity u tinio of | siege. From tho centre of the city 1ndiate irreg- alarly cther wide streets called boulovards, like the Bpokes of whoel from its hub to its tire (the tire representing the aforesaid line of forti- fications). Tho geueral appearance of Puris ou & map is that of A EPIDED'S WXB; but its streets, other tlan the boulevards and s few wide ** rues,” are u tsngled mazo of incom- prehensible narrow lanes snd atieys, which only the cabmen are suppo=ed to know or uuderstand whenco they come or whither thoy go. At bundreds of points, smix or eight of those streets converge and end. Where they go from those points of iniorsection, *no follow can find out,” for there is not a straight line in any diree- tion buc fora short distauce. Follow oue of them & for minutes, and you como toa *“fork of the rouds.” ‘U'ske either hand, and you come to another fork, or several of then, or suddenly reach a blind wall, and arc out of street. Then undertake to_retrace your steps, aud, in a fow hundred yards' travel. you are iu some other streci not ecen before, Follow thai in any direction, and it brings vou speedily to 2 focus of biali-a-dozen strects. 'Then take your choice, and start ahead, and YOU ARE LOST, no matter whi~h ono rou select. The finest thiny iu'the stroot-system of Paris, to my eve, are the lwo magnificent roadwass along the Scuze, on either side thereof. The river makes a grand cnrve through the city fora distance of 8 or 9 miles The rondways laid out on cither bank average 150 feot 1o width, and- aro planted with trces. The elopes of the river aro walled up pith solid masonry from the bottom to the top, a height of perhens 40 foet.—for the whola distanco, ox- cept the upper part of the river, wiere landings, or levees, have been graded and paved for the reception of the commerceof the river, consisting of wood, stone, brick, sand, gravel, hay, and other country-produce. There can be no more besutifal drive imagin- able than on one of thoso KIVER-BANK ROADWATS. On one side is seen many of tho finest pub- lic buildings iv Paris ; on ihe other hand is the curving river as it aweops through the city, with Lialf-a-dozen magnificontarched bridgesspanning the Seino always iu sight, ecch bearing ita stream of vekicles and people. On the opposite shore is tho other grest driveway, lined with eplendid buildings and beautifal gardena; while floating up and down ihe river iteelf is & flotilla of *‘steam omnibus batteaux,” which cary passengere from one landing to any other within the walls for 3 cents por passonger. The streets of Paris are all paved, acd kept cleen continually. Suck a nuisance as strect dust whisking about into shops und dwellings, and blinding the eyes of pedestrians, is TNENOWN 1N PARIS. . Every day the streets are sprinkled and swept, and ‘thoge which are poved with asphalt are washed as well as swept, and kept as clean and bright as the marble floor of the Graud Pacific Hotel. The usual pavement-material is com- posed of a hard, compact sandstone, of o bluo color, nearly ss durablo us gronite. It 18 pre- pared in cubes of about 6 to8 nches in diame- ter, and laid 50 as to present a level surfacs. It Iasis o long time, but is bard on bhorses, and very noisy under street traffic. The lougth of paved streets in Paris is about 600 miles, of which not far from 100 miles aro ASPHALT, which seems to be quite durable and more popu- lar then stone-block pavement. But there aro gerious objections to it; one of which is, that it affords no_hold for horaes’ feet, and, where it hns been laid down ou strots baving any grade or acclivity, horsea can draw but littlo load up the incline, but elip and fall, and, h;\\"mg fallen, canrise agam with great difiicultr. On lovel streats it does very well. but the surface must be nearly flat; for, if crowned more than a few inches, the Liorses, in wet weather, ship and fall, and ruin themselves in efforts tv nse. 1 observed tho samo_objsction was made to the use of the asphelt-payement in London, where there is perhaps 20 miles of 1t. Wherover there was a .grado of moro then 1 or 2 feet in 100, the horses could not hoid their footing with any greater load than ncab and two or thrco persons in it. On a wet day, ono might see a dozen horses down in the distance of balf- a-dozen squares, with gaping crowds standing around each, watching the struggles of tho poor brates to ariso with the help of che driver and several policemen. The cabmen of London re- cently beld & great mecting, 8t which they passed resolutions condemning the asphalt- pavement. opposing the laying down of any more, and domanding its removal fromall strects that were not almost level. 1 must digress ¢till further to observe that the most popular pavement in London is tho WOODEY -BLOCK NICOLSON, of which considerable is being laid. It is liked becauae it affords & good foothold for horaes:; is noiseless, smooih, and easily Lkept clean. The great drawback, of course, i8 its perislable na- ture. ButIwas told that, on the retail dry- goods streets, and in the old parts of the city, 2ll around “*the Bank,” tho tax-payers had ex- pressed & williognets to besr thoe expenso of remewal once in every five or six years, for the suke of the comfort of its nse. Before tho blocks wero laid. they were pot through a chemical process to preserva the wood from decaying, and the spaces between tho blocks wese filled with tar and gravel, 2s is done in Chicago. <There is no wouden-block pave- ment 1n Paris. A 3 Tn both Paris aud London, asphalt ie coming into general use for sidewalks, For this part of ihe street nothing has been found equal to it and it is destined to supcraede every_other ma- tenal for that purpose in European cities. The City Government of Paris puy the con- tractora $300,000 & year for KEEPING THE STREETS CLEAN. removing all garbege axd dirt, and sweeping the streots daily throngbout tho year. The contract- ors deliver this rubbish to other parties outsido of the walls, for which they receive about $200,~ 000. The purchascys of it, after having rotted it in pits, sell it to the farmers and gardeners at from 60 cents to $1 per cubic yard, and realize {herofrom 750,000 to $300.000 per anoum. ‘Tho number of scavengers in the city employed in cleaning the strects and carting off the accumulations average 6,000, divided into sever- al legions and_companies, each having ita own district of territory to clean. The wages paid to the scavengers—a large number of Whom sro women. and_ the rest 9id men and boys—range from b to 8 cants per bour, or 50 to 80 cents por day. They ate said to wear ouf 70,000 brooms per hour. But what a_contrast between the street-cleanliness of Paris and thatof any Amer- jean city! It is almost the difference between a parlor and pig-sty. There is not the slightest article of dust in the streets to soil or spoii the Soucm and dainty displays of goods in tens of thousands of shops which line the thorough- fares. Can as wmuch Dbe soid of the streets of Clicago? i g The first municipal consideration of a city is A SISTEM OF SCWERS to carry awsy il liguid impurities and filth, snd to drain the soil.- The sowerage of Paris is very perfect, but tho surface-level favors dreinage, 88 the ciiy lies in 2 Vallay, with a range of low hills on_ either side, 80 that the ground rises 88 the streets recedo from the river., At the distance of & mile back from the Seine, the ground .is. generally 75 to 100.. feat. sbove..the surfuwce of the river, - which itself flows, &t low water, twenty-five or thirty feet below the adjacent street-level. - The Semne hag & fall of 189 feet between Paria and Havio, & distauce of 150 miles; hence it is a rapid-running current, and easily carries off all sewage discharged into it. The present system of sewers consists of seven main tunnels, each 88 large as Lhe tunoels under tite Chicago River at \bm&hington or LaSalle streets, and some of them 3 or 4 miles in-lengil. | Into these main galleries open forty or more graallor tunnels, of 8§ or 10 feet in diameter; and these are fed by a vast number of smaller ones. Tie aggregate lsngth of all the sewers built in Puaris 18 = ABOUT 400 MTLES. The contents of all the sewers on one side of the Seine aro conveyed under tho river through a great sypnoon, snd discharged into tho main sewer, which is 18 feet 1n dinmeter and 4 miles in length. 1t diecharges its yiver of filth into the Beine, below the walls, at a village calied Asnieres, whence the foul fluid diffuses with the water of tho rapid stroam, and_passes off to tho ses withont being noxious to the country. Pexis receives ity SUTPLY OF WATER from soveral sources, and consumes for all pur- poses a general uverage of 52,000,000 of gallons per dax. Aboutone-haif of the wateris bronght from & branch of the Scine called the Ourcq; oue-third is taken from the Seine itself, about 30 miles above the city ; snd the remainder is Procured from the River Marne. avd the creek called Dhuys. Several artesion wolls, as_thoso of Passy, Arcneill, and Grenelle, supply the laites of tho Park of Boulogne, . The Cily Government recoives for the water furnished about 21,100,000 from the citizen: Buc. tho ' water is of & very ferior quality, #a 1t is very hard, containingmuck chlorate of lime and chlorate of soda. Any acid thrown into it will effervesce,—Dbubbles arising a8 in & glass of clampagne. 1t is really NOT FIF TO DEINK, snd nobody does drink it who can help it. It may be proper to add here tlhat comparatively tittlo of the drinking-water found in France will Legin to compara with the water furmshed to the people of Chicugo, in point of purity and Lealthfuloess. It may safoly bo nswnex that most of the water i3 bad,—hardly aafe to drink; and i this not, after atl, the actual couse that impels tho whole population to seok substitutes in codtee and wine 7 Long expericnco Las taught the people that the water of their country ia not conducive to Lealth, and bas made them #eek for subgtitutes. The cheapest, mosi Xlflunut, and beneficial, long custom has docided to be COFFEE AND LIGHT WINE. If the watcr of Frouce wero of equal purity with that of Lake Micligan, it is questionablo whether there would be a piat of wine consumed where there is now s gallon, for the Frouch are an exceedingly economical, eaving people ; and, were it not 1or the deleterious character of the water, they would not occupy so much of their laud wich grapes, but would raise more grain and cattle. ‘ THE ONICF BUILDING MATERIAL of Paris is o soft. cream-colored sandstone, which becomes moderately bard on exposuro to tho etmosphere. It is very easy to cat,—indeed, too tender,—and has to be dressed down after it id built in tuo wall. Whilo_now, it is & very pleasing stone to the ey ; but, ina fow years, it begaws to discolor, and eventually turns a dirly, sombre brown, auything but cheerful or pleasing to view, There isuo variety of building-stone in Paris, a8 this straw-colored sandstone is all the material the; L 1t gives the city a sameness of color which is exceeding- Iy monotonous. 'The grandest public edifices are coustructed of this etone, as well 28 the commionest buildings ; even tho monuments of the cemeteries ate chicfly composed of this yel- low sandstone. Paris is o hundsomer city than London, ARCHITEGTURALY. The continual fogs aud vast consumption of vitumivous cosl have besmeared all London with goot, and inflict on it & black and unclean look. But, aeido from this besmearing of creo- sote, the builaings ara wnferior to those in Paris in point of architecture. The prevailing styles differ, bhowever. ‘The London taste rather in- clines to Gothic, while that of Paris is Grecian. Indeed. the French are exceedingly Grecian in all their tastes and ways ; and they boast of it. They call Paris the modern Athens, and London the modern Rome, us regards the flne arts aud literature. Several of the recently- erected public buildings in London are modeled after the style of Parixan buildings, and the ma- terial is the same, hemfilimponed from the basin of the Saine. In fact, the English are importing this siraw-colored sandstone in large quanti- ties, not only into Loadou, but many,other cities of Great Britain. There is an almost total ABENCE OF CONFLAGRATIONS in Paris. Fires seldom break out, and rarely or never spread beyond the walls of the building where they originate. There never hasbeen a de- structive fire in Paris, nor is there ever likely to be. except such as are purposely kindled and en- couraged by Communists and other madmon. I have becu studying tha cauee of this perfect im- munity from fire, and fingd it simple enough. It consists of strict rules for tho construction of honses, and personal lisbility for damage done by the spread of fires. Paris is substan- tislly fire-proof without the use of iron girders and beams, iron lathing, or brick or tie tloors, by the adoption of a SIMPLE PRINCIFLE OF CONSTRUCTION, which is, that there shall be no air-spaces left between floors, or between the plaster of walls and the studdiog or wall itself; and that the roof must bo covered with tile, slate, or metal. There 18 not such an incandiary thing 28 & wood- on or tar-and-gravel roof in Paris, and, for aught I know, in all France. The spaces between floors must be filled with cement or plaster-of- Paris, which is hero cbeap and abundant, and the wooden floors must rest close down on this cement, £o that, in case of a firo, there is no air- space under the tloors. The spaces between the studding in psrtilion-wails are also carefully filled up with cement, and against it the plaster is placed, so that there is no chance for tire to get botween them, to rush up from one story to another, or to fly along between floors. Whon & fire bresks ont, it spresds o slowly in Louses shus conetructed, that it is always quenched be- fora doing much damage, or extending to other Duildings. Tho other precaution is intended to pre- vent carelessness and incendiarism, so common 11 American cities. If a fire, no matter how it may boppen, does any damage to any other per- son, he bas full recourse at law, for ALL WIS DAMAGES AND COSTS, against the person in whose premises the fire roke out. This simple rule of equity and right makes overybody watchful and careful of fire. The gross carelessness everywhere witnessed in American cities is never seen in Paris, or France. It don't pay bere for a man to set fire to his etock of goods in order to get a high insurance; nor for a lsndlord who has au idle tecuement on his hands, or bad tenants, to Hire his premises for the sake of realizing on Dhis policy of insur- ance ; nor has any one sn object in effecting large’ insurance, Indeed, the chief insurauco. taken out in Paris is in tho rature of anindem- nity against the damago ono may have to pay his neighbors in case of firo sprecding from bis premises to theirs. Buf the whole amount of insurance paid to the companics in Paris is LESS THAN IS PAID EY THE PEOPLE_OF CHICAGO, althongh Paris is more than four times 15 large a8 Chicago, and its buildings and their contents, taken together, worth perhavs eight times as much as those in Chicago. Insurance is merely nominal hore, say X to 1-10 of 1_per cent on tho property directly insured, and s few francs per sonum s indemuity ngainst damago that may be done o other people's premises, To build houses in Chicego after tho Paris manner of precautions agaings fire, would prob- ably increase the coat 15 to 20 per cent ; but, if geverally adopted, it would reduce loss by fire Iore than nino-tenthy, and the rates of insur- ance in similsr proportion. Sconer or later Chicago must come to it. Tho preset style of building is simply incendiary, andshould be made AN INDICTABLE OFFENSE. The Fire Department of Paris costs only £300,000 per aonum, which, compariog the size of Poris with that of Chicago and the proparty- interests at stake, would bo the same 28 a Fire Dopartment in Chicago which wonid cost $50,000 or $60,000 per apnum, instead of half to threo- quarters of & milliou, 83 it now does; and this fact furnishes an additional reagon for adopting the French system of constructing houses. Perhaps, after Chicago hss been consumed a faw ‘times more, people will conclude to reform the system of construction, and not be on quite such friondly terms with tle dovouring monster. —_— The Jews and the British Peerage. 'rom the Jewish Chronicle. We think ihat the time has arrived for tho conferring of two Peerages by the Crown—ihe ono on Lionel do Rothschild, the successful champion of liberty of conscience ; the oiher on Sir Moses Montefiore, tho successfal champion of humanity. Assuredly pablic _opinion would support her Majesty’s Ministers if they elevated tothe Peerage representative men like Moges Montefiore and Lionel de Rothechild; and the ‘House of Lords would welcome them in their 1anke. Their services ave assuradly as great ss auy head of any noble house that has its repre- sentative there. Their liveage u assuredly sa old ns that of a Normap or & Piz _agenet; 23 that of » Percy-Smithson, s Csvendieh, a Bethell, s Howard, or_# Jonea-Llod. It dates back to the grandest family of ail families of men—the family whence sprung the prophet whose code ha= ruled the world; and we may even add the leader wheee doctrines and whose ‘history bave been adopted a8 the text-bovk of Christian civilization. LITERATURE. Gilbert’s Ruilivay-Low in 2ilinois. RAILWAY LAW IN (LLINOIS: 'Tme RELATIONS OF MAILEOADS 10 THE PEOPLE, 43 SET FORTH IN THE CONSTITUTION, THE STATUTFA, AND THE DZCISION® or ILixom: TOCETAER WITH THE DECISIONS OF OTREZ STATES AND TRE FEDERAL COURTS TPON TIE CONSTITTTIONAL QUESTIONS INVOLVED. h an Tutroduction by the Yon, Jous M. PALMER ; and an + Appendix Showing the Condition of Allthe Haiiways in the State, aud the Tarifl-Schednle Prepared in Acccrdance’ with Law, By FRaNE Giragnr, Chi- © cago: Callaghau & Co. 1578, Tho sutbor of this work has spparently aimed to strike o midway course betwecn the lawyers nud the people. Ho #ssumes that there is a Iorge reading, ressoning, and voling public who fecl euflicient interest in the law perteining to railsays tostudyit, oratleasttodesirea work for refercuce concerning it. Its carcful pernsal satis- fies us that it comprises much information of value to all who undertake to speak, write, or agitate for- Ruilway-Reform. While it rides no hobbies, and proposes few remedial schemes for the cure of exietng abuses, it surveys elabo- rately, and with pains, the field wherein reform is necded. In & country whercin the people are the fountain of legislative wisdom, and the strean never rises higlior than its source, it is all-important that the people should understand tha exiating law, a3 the firet siep toward making the future law what it should be. ‘Though mainly legal, the book contains alzo valunble historical and statistical information,— summarizing in one volume mos: matters of in- ierest to the people of Ilinoisto be found in Redfield's larger work on tho Law of Railways, in the Railway-Manuals, and in the Constitu- tions, statutes, and,judicial decisions of Illnois, illustrated and reinforced by thoee of other Stetes. Separate chapters are given on The Railway-Situation in Ilinois; The Law of Rail- way-Corporatious us Coucerns ‘Their Organiza- tion and the Powers of ‘Cheir Officers ; “Sunicipal Aid, Its Validity, &c.; Eminent Domain and Ita Logal Consequences; The Law of Lailway-Con- struction, and Its Coatracts and Lieos ; Liabili- ty a8 Carriers of Freight and Paxsengers; The Xailroad sod Warehouse Commigsion, Its His- tory and Utility; Uniformicy of Charises, How Enforced ; Tho Chicago & Alton Decision ; Pro- posed Vinus of Legistation Concerning Inter- Btate Commerce by Congress, de. Oceasionally wo seo seuteuces throughout the worg which indicate that itis prepared by un editor without suliciently-critical revision by a practi- el lawyer. ‘Lhus, on puge 46, after quoting the section of the Conatitution of fllinois whuch pro- bibizs the 1ssue of stock ** except for mones, la~ bor, or property actuslly received and appled to tho purposes for which the company was or- ganized,” a8 & provision against what is com- monly known as ** watering * stock, the weiter adds: *'The commion Iaw recognizes the right of the Government to make such restrictions.” The 1dea that the powers of a State Government, a8 expressed in its Coustitution, neod any *re- cognition " from the common law to give them valdity, would never occur toa lawyer. It iy the peculiar fuuction of not only Constitu- tions, but statutes, to repesl, alter, modify, ac- cept, adopt, or destroy the common law at pleas- ure. Again: on page 32, the wriler, after pointing ous the fact that tue right of way for railways in Ulinois is secured Ly the State, while that for private ways can ooly be obtained by the consent of the owner of tiio land over which the way rups, says: The cuterprise having started as a public project, snd been given special privileges on that account, the contract tuus entered iuto cuunot be set auide at the option of one of tho parties thereto, The pervereion of » highway into x private road would justly forfeit the original franchise, We have herein thu oxplana- tion of the fact that railroads which are liyhways are always corporate property. Itis mot true that railways are always, or neccesarily, corporate property. They may be buile by indrviduals, nad & 1ew bLave beenso built. “The Ilhnois statute of Emiuent Domain provides for * taking private property for public use without tuc owner's consent,” 28 well where tho right to construct tho road is grauted by law toa ‘“person” as whereitis giauted to a corporation (vide 2d vol. Gross’ Stat. 155) ; and the use would be 8s * public” if the road were ownod by & person asif it were owned by & corporation. i Bo where, ou page 85, the writer says that railways incorporated uunder epecial charters have tho same rights as those incorporated under general 1w, ung\'ica versa, e could only havein- tended to mean that their rights as carriers and their lisbilities in relation to third parties, aris- ing not from their corporate character, but from the business in which they arc engaged, are much the same. Of course, special charters and acts for transportation create rights as well as declare them, though the writer seoms to speak otherwise. These features, while deserving criticism, do not materially derogate from the value or essen- tial trustworthiness of Mr. Gilbert’s work, which i such a8 to render it desirableto lawyers, legia- laters, politicians, merchants, shippers, farmers, and the people generally. Liberty and Law. XD LAW UNDER A FEDERATIVE . By BAITTON A, HILL, Philadel- B, Lippincott & Co. The principles and facts stated in this book mavk tho author 2s a radical, vigorous, and original thinker. He first examinos the ancient Republican Governments, and shows how that, in their earlior development, they wrought out the welfare of the people; and then he notices tho abuses that grew up, gradually ending in despotism, and finally in the destruction of the Republic. Among them, the oldest, and in many respects the most remarkable, the Jewish, had its origin in the laws of Moses, which gradually raised a people from & condition of the lowest serf- dom to ome of great power and influence. The despotism of the Hierarchy at last gave them & prey to their onemies, and, thongh destroyed =2s & nation. and dispensed all over tho earth, and subjected to the most terriblo persecutioos, their moral laws and their eacred Jiterature hiave preserved them down to tho prosent hour. Among them ere found gome of the leading bankers and statesmen in all civilized nations. The Grecian and the Roman Republics are also critically examined, and it is shown thata money and a military despotism proved their rin.” The application of thess principles to the condition of our own country is diroct and per- tinent. It is already in the grasp of most pow- erful monopolies, from which it secms almost impossible to wrest the power they are only too ready to wield. The telegraph, controlling as it does the news of the country; gigantic rail- way corporations, directing by their power and their money the legislation of the nation; & tremendous national banking system : an infamous tariff, made ex- Fresaly to enrich great manufacturing corpora- tions at the expense of the people ; the monopo- Iy of the great political parties, no matter how corrupt they may become,—all portend the most fearful catamities to tho libertics and the wel- fare of the people. So for the thinking. public willin the main cordially indorse and accopt_the facts and the reasonings of Mr. Hil; but, when be comes to propose . his remedies, he will find the strongest objections to the adoption of his thecries in practice. He pro- foses that the Government shall provide for man “bhimself; for his family, and for the so- ciety and the State in which ho lives.” Nega- tively, ho "claims that it is the dutyof the Government ** 10 probibit eacli person from in-~ temperate, inbarmomious, reckless, burtful, or unfit sbugo or use of either or auyof tho faculties of his mind or body.” The mere statement of these principles will show their absurdity. The Governmeut makes a ** preity mees” of the limited duties the Constitution now requires it to perform. To add the right to interfere with the gocial Labits and the personal liberty of the individual,, would be the com- mencement of anarchy that could only end in deepotism and rmin. We will, however, do Alr. Hill the credit to say that, in elaborating the theses above ~quoted, he says much that it will do most men good to resd. Many facts are stated, and principles illustrated, by which our stetesmen, ::fecillly, would do well to profit. He mis- kes whut is generally conceded £s the primary daty of government, Viz.: to protect cvery mat, in the enjoyment of * life, liberty, and the pur— suit of hagpiness,” from all nterference on the part of overy other man. Rightly applicd, this principle would ~ provent the paesage of laws for the establishment of monopolies and euactments of every kind by whic a privileged few aro epabled to grow rich and powerfal by. absorbing tho esm- ings of the millions. 1If the State Las for any rearon abdicated control over these monopolies, the #ame priacigle gives the right and enforces the duty to resume it. It also enforces the duty to protect itself against all corporations and in- dividuals that would destroy it ; and bence the right to punish crime and protect the law-abid- ing -utizen. B Though dissenting from the conclusions of Mr. Hill, we are glad to welcome his. book, - for it will stimulate thought on subjecta thes shoald command the close investigation of all oar people. BISTORY OF THE CONQU, Y VIEw OF METICAN CIVILIZATION, OF Tix: CoNQUEROR CORTEZ, Vol 1 By WiLtiax H. Prescorr., Revised. Dlted by J&nzs Fostr Kiuk, Phladelpbia: J, B, Lippincott This new edition of Prescott’s works will com- Tuend iteelf to the public. The psper and ty- pography aro beantiful, and the size of tho volume makes it very couvonient for the reader. The charucter of the work is so well known to all intelligent readers thut it seems almost superfluous to wnte one word about it, And yet even they may find it worth while to review - Prescolt has given it ull the stateliness aud value of history, whilo, at the same time, be has in- vested it with all the charms of remance. The facts related of the early civilization of the Mexicans are exccedingly curious. They hsd aregular, organized system of government; social institutions, many of which were based on the most correct principles of morality; written laoguage, sud a history extending back centuries before the Spamards invaded the country. They worshiped the Sun, and though bumen sacrifices, and oven cannibalism, wore largely practiced among them, their roligious notions were _cubraced in o svetem. Tho rites of their religion had gradually beon rendering tho peel)lc more cruel from the time it took the place of a less eanguinary worship. The history of Cortez shows him to have been a most remarkable man. True, the world has no uee for such adventurers now; but his exploits must ever remain us among the most remarkable in history. That he should have been able, witn a fow followers, to conquer a populous and powertul npation, must over remain 85 3 convincing proof of his consummato ekill and unbending energry. His success shows the advantage which discipline and modern weapons of wartare will ever have over mere bruto force. ‘Whoever has a taste for sanguinary strifo ; bat- tlo-fields covered with thousauds of the slain marches of the grestest difficolty and danger; and success won againat obstacles appavently imgoauible to be overcome, will find inthe 4 Gonquest of Mexico” material to gratify his wishes to the full,—the whole told in the graph- ic, charming style of oneof America’s most able historians. ‘The Boolks of Moses. THE PENTATEUCH IN ITS PROGRESSIVE REV- ELATIONS OF GOD TO MAN. By the Rev. Hesny CowLes, DD, New Yorl Appleln & Co. The reverend author has given to the public & work on the topics of the Pentateuch, and not a mere commentary on the text. The world has plenty of them. The object soems to be to dis- cusa the facts suggated in tho first five books of the Bible, in conncction with the latest results of scientific research. This he does in & fair, can- did spirit, without any of that offensive dogma- tism too often characteristic of the efforts of clergymen when treating of similar subjects. The form the author hay ctiosen enables him to place before tho reader the great value of tho Sacred Record in givingua the earliest history we Lieve of the infancy of our race; and of the vast influence of the moral teachings of these books as furnishing a foundation on which our Clristian civilization rests. Strict obedienco to the Ten Commandments would banish vice from the cartly, and insurs to man, politically, sociall and morally, the highest happiness of which his nature is susceptible, If to these be added. as based upon them, the teachings of the New Tes- tament, all other systoms of religion pale be- fore the glories revealed in the Gospel 1of Our Blessed Suvior. This alone, 1t ig claimed, can give permanence and_substantial prosperity to our free icatitutions. It can prevent liberiy from degenorating into license, sod law from bo- coming the tool and promoter of despotism. Natural fistory. NATURAL HISTORY CHARTS, By O. GILBERT WaEELER, Professor of Natural History in the Uni- Sersity of Chicago, New York and Chlcago: A. B. Barnes & Co, * To teach natural history successfully, platea and specimens are s nccessity. In the fine plates befors us, Prof. Wheoler has given us beautiful colored engravings of each class of apimals,—enabling the student at once' to iocate in its proper class and order any specimen he may bappen to have. The geological plategives & eynopsis of minerals, and tho Te- mains of sanimals. found 1 the rocks. All our higher iostitations of learning will find it to their advantago to possess & set of these plazes. Thoy are mounted on cloth, with rings, and are specially adapted to the instruction of the class-roown. Periodicals Received. Lakeside Monthly—Holiday number. Browne & Co., Chicago. Cuntents Snarley's Christmas,” by William E. Curtis ; * The Stille Volke,” by Anoa’Gould; * Prof. Kellermsnn's Funeral,” by Florence AMcLand- burgh ; “*A Great Railzoad and Its Vanquisher, by gtephau Powers ; *‘ Widow Huut's Clrist- mas,” by Olive Thorno; *‘The Bark ¢ True Tove, " by Benjamin F. Taylor; ‘¢ Poker- Jim” by Josephina Cliford; ‘A Revolutionist,” Cbapters I, IL, {rom the German of Julius Grosse; *‘Profes- sor Josish Hidebound aud His Friends.” L, by J. Gilliland Davis ; *“John Watkinson's Wifo,™ Cbn}[;l.:m 1., II., by Robert Collyer; “ Laura's Curls,” by Mary L. Binckley; *‘In Loneli- Diversified Indus- ness,” by Ldgar Faw try and Civilization,” by D. H. Mason ; * The Battle of Franklin,” by Homer Judd; * Wao- dering in Saxony and Silesis,” by N. S. Dodge ; “The Lakeside Reviewer.” The North-American Review, in its January jasue, enters npon its 113th volume. It is now edited by Prof. Heory Adams. The contents of the current number are s follows: * The Con- stitutions of Great Dritain and the United States;” * Arctic Exploration;” ** Antiquity of the North-American Indiana;” * The Currency and Finances of the Uuited Btates;” **Dr. Clarke's *Sex in Education;’” *La Jarmora's Revelations on the War of 1866;” * Critical Notices."” The number of Littell's Living Age for the woek ending Jan. 3 beging & new volume (the 120th) of that periodical. Among tho contents of the present number are an -articlo from the British Quarierly on the * Sources of Pleasure in Laodscape;® ¢ Tho Parisians,” by Lord Lytton; *‘Some Entertzining Letters of Charles Lamb, with Reminiscences of Himself,” by Mary Cowden Clarke ; ** Sukie’s Boy,” by the author of the ‘ Huguenot Familfi;" 4#Qdds and Ends from Dr. Ilovert Chambers' Scrap-Book ;” _*Sham ~ Jewelry ;" “Madame de Stael and Her Times,” by the author of “Mirabeau ;” ** Curious Will: otc. For carly numbers of the year, tho publishers already aunounce articles by Dr.-T. B. Car- penter, Sir Arzhur Helps, Alfred Russell Wal- Iace, F. B. 8., etc., and *Lettors of Elizabeth Barrett Drowning cn Litercry ard General Topcs,” together with fiction by Mrs. Oliphant, iss Thackeray, and othier favorito writers. Chicago _ Medical Journa! for December. Edited by Drs. J. Adams Allen acd Walter Hay. 2Phrenological Jowrnal for January. Samuel T. Wells, New York. Norihwestern Review for December. RE. R. Dearden, ‘Chicago. Voice of Masonry for January. Bailey & Brown, Chicago. Inland Monthly for December. Smith, St. Louis. . Gem of the West for January. C. Aug. Hasi- land, Chicago. National Bee Journal for December. Mrs. Ellen 8. Tupper, Des Moines, Ta. Charlotte Literary items. Mrs. Gen. Sherman has been writing s memoir of her father, the late Thomas Eing. Mrs. Agassiz will publish a biography of the Professor,—a work which she commenced some years since. Charles Dickens, successor to his father in the manngement of All the Year Round, hes ro- vived the Christmas story, and has a terrifier for this year, called **The Biue Chamber." Mr. W. J. Btillman, our Conaul at Crete. bas prepared & * History of the Cretan Rabellion,” which Henry Holt & Co. will publish. Edmond "About writes to the Athenmum: “The grand style, the beantiful form, ample. rich, and lumiuous is hardly acy longer to be found, except in the novels of George Sand.” “The Way We Live Now " is the title of An- thony Trollope’s new novel. Itisto be printed in England in twenty monthly parts. Lange's “Recent Histors of Materialiem” gives zn account of the Stoic, the Epicurean, wnd all other forms of materialistic philosophy known to the time of Kant. The London Saturday Review says of Alra. Baecher Hooker's ‘¢ Womanhood,” that it ia +~charpeable with no worse offonse thaa utter ignorancs aud blind credulity.” It is, moreover, 3 protest by s lady of the sirong-minded scnool and the shrieking eisterbood.” . “The Life apd Correspondencs of Archibald Conetable,” by his eex, i3 out in three volumes. r. Constable was the Ediuburgh publisher who J was ruined hg Walter Scott after the lirst great succesa of the * Wevarley Novels” had turned the author's nead. and led him to thoae disas- {rous and expensive building operations which broke him dowa, both bedy and mind. There is hardly an anthor of fifty yeara back whose lottors are not found in these Counstsble me- moirs. S - ‘The stories of the late Edgar A. Poe were tranalated into’ Frencii by Dandelaire, and have Iately rppeazed in a new edition. . An English critic thinks the musician's tale in Longfellows **Aftermath” was translated directly from the Damsb. The veteran historian Ranke has iseund an- other Jaborions work, entitled **The Genesis of the Pruseian State.” Thethird volutne of tio ‘¢ Simancas Archives,” relating fo Lngland and Spein in tho age of Henry VIIL, lLas just been published by the British Goverument, . *‘The Gallery of Literary Charecters,” illns- trated with sketches of “the authors, by Daniel clise, has been brought ont in Loudon. There are eiglity-threo portraits, smong whom are Dis- raeli, Carlvle, Cruikshaak, Ainsworth. Miss Martinean, Conut d’Orsay, Walter Scott, Talley- rand, and Cbarles Lamb. Sir Arthur Helps' new story of Russian_and Siberian life is to be called * Iran do Biron.” " - A book. which will crezto considerable intersst on its appearance next mouth will be the ** Life and Letters of Lord Minto,” edited by the Cq\muels ka‘k' Min%a. It wnlfiing & multitude of private letters roferring to all the princi; r- sonages of the finst years of this s]:Jenturr;‘ o Alre. Mary Clemmer Ames is to contribute to Ecery Saturday_n new story of American social life, ** Hiy Two Wives.” _ Mossrs. Chambers will, in a few months, pab- lish s pew edition of Chambers’ Cyclopedia,” bringing the work down to the dates of tha last census m Greut Britain, Ireland, and other Eu- ropesn countries, Y 2 Irs. Grote has intimated her intention to give the X! of her Iate husband to the Brtish AMusoum. A new work by Prof. Rawlinson will shortly appear. It is entitled ** Tho Seventh Great Ori- ental Yonarchy, or s History of the Sassaniavs ; with Hotices, Geographical and Antiquarian,” Dr. George MacDotiald has completed z new work of fiotion dealing partly with American eud parily with Scottish life. "It will be pab- Jished iz the first instance in the Glasgow Week- iy Heraid. 'Thelitlo is * Malcolm.” Mr. Howells has completed s new story of talian life, which the readorsof the Atlantic will first have the benefit of. The Saturday Retiew good-humoredly langhs st Dr. W. H. Bussell's ** Diary During the Last Greal War,” which, it says, * embraces every- thing, from ke author's appetite to the battle of Sedan, aad from the Crown Prince’s white breeches to the fall of Paris.” * Tho specific grevity of Mr. Russell,” it sdds, “ when most condensed is eqaal to that of an ordinary writer when most oxpanded.” Messrs. Lougmans have in tho press x new edition, being tho third, of “Lssavaon Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy,” by John Stuart Mill. ‘The essays sro ss follows: 1. Of tho Laws of Interchange between Na- tious, and the Distribution of the Gaine of Commerce among the Conntrics of the Commer- cisl World; 2. Of the Influence of Censumption upon Production; 3, On the Words Productive and Unproductivo; 4. On Profits and Intercst; and 5. On'the Definition of Politica! Economy aud on tho Jethod of Investigation Properto It. A third series of “‘Esscyd, S:ientific, Politi- cal,‘and Speculative,” by Herbert Spencer, will shortly be published. The articiec are: Thae Claseification of the Sciences (with a postseript, replying to criticism) ; Reasons for Diesenting from the Philosopby of M. Comte; Laws in Gen- eral ; tho Origin of Animal Wosslip; Spocisl- ized Adminimistration ; tha Coileciive Wisdom ; Political Fetichiem ; What Is Electricity? Tbe Constitution of the Sun; Mr. Martinean on Ervolution ; Replies to Criticiams. Itnow appears that the afflictiog stery of Bjornsen’s poverty und his conaequent emigra- tion to America, which hos been going the rounds, is, to put it mildly, *mads out of whole cloth.” The Academy. in allud-- ing to its gxblication in Trubner's gay: “3s o fact, Djornsen lives closo to Chril tianie, 290 miles from Trondhjem, gets & good income from his worke, livea in compara- tive luxury, and hss never dreamt of entering tho Church. The only spark of truth in all this story is that Bjornsen is really about to leave Norway; he has bought a house in Floreace.” Wo believe the story had its origin in a German Bospaper, and was thencs translated into En- glis] ‘Ex-Sccretary Wells bas decided to pnt at least a part of his knowledge of the inner history of the historic Lincoln Administration into perma~ nent form. The Messrs. Sheldon last week closed with _him a contract of publication for o work on “ Lincoln and Seward,” which will ex- tend to a duodecimo of some 300 or 400 pages. While 1t in part goes over the same ground as the Galary articles, the book will be of much wider scope, besides amplifying the former points and fortifyiug them with extracts from official records.—New York Mail. MATTIE STEPHENSON. ‘Why are the people gathered? And why in' gladac- cory Man’s lusty bass commingled with woman's treble chord? Whyare the banners streaming? ~What god; is this they greet? —he hero of 3 hundred fights is marching dowz the street. He comes from fields ensznguined, whero onr kindred aloep for sye, In ghastly trenclies buried, staring coldly on the sky. What _matters ii?2—a herol—repress th' unwelcome thought; Asigit, a show, » scene,—alas! the cars of Jugger- nant! ¥ There wae a braver mortal than ever mailed knight, Truer than sny martyr who perisliod for the right. In narrow dungeon lingering, or withering at the stake, Wi ouly Jesus’ unseen tears his burning thirst to slake. Hehad gx;?d enthusissm that “gainst the flames re- il colled, A faith to kéep unshaken that dungeons nover spofled ; The Knights of Arthur's table, locked in thelr coats of amal, . Bore with {he cross of danger to win the crown—the “Grail” . It was grand incentivo that roused the Lrave Cordss, Tho heroine of history and of the poct’s lay. —Thero was & Farer woman, her n:mo almost forgot,— Her faco no templo glorifies in Lasting marble cut. A maiden, with the morning of youth upon her cheek, Went from a Lisppy home n hapless death to feck 3 Unseltish, self-denving, she never *hought of fams ; She died fo save poor mortals, and Jesus did the same. 1t 1s not much in seeming by x1dden shock to die, Or by the slow decay of uge, with weeping kindred by ; Butol! the pitcous story,~that mald so pure, 80 ‘brave, Her warm, white body resting in a now-forgotten grav Home ! home ] ye foolish people ! and let the pagesnt pass | ‘The hero is o mortal ; ““All fleah is but as grass,” And love and teach your children to love the lallowed name . Of the Angel home returning to the Hesven from whenco she came. d HEDICAL CARDS. DR.C.BIGELOW o e CONFIDENTIAL PHYSICLAN, 277 and 279 S outh Clark st., corncr Van Buren, Chiczgo. It is well known by zll readers of tho papers st Dr. C- Bigelow is the oldest established physician fn_Chicago, bat dovoted TWENTY YEARS OF LIS LIFE i pers fecting romedies that will curc positively all cases of CHRONIC AND SPECIAL DISEASES in both sexcs. SE] ATE PARLORS for CORRESPONDENCL CONKL dresa all lotiors, vith stamps, to Dr. C. BIGELOW, %7 20d %9 Soutn Clack-st. . Dr. A. G. Olin, £ Randalp} coranr State. Thirty Year's Experlonce amoog thyatlicted with Private Diseascs, in all their Saried and camiplicated forms. Ao and cxperienco has opabled bin to perfect remodies that erer fail. He fs d Jongost Iocaled Specialiss fa this clty, Fr- and_gentlemen. o3 FIDENTIAL. tho oldest aac and Gaareatass Curas or No Pas. His late work, rors nf Youth," “Advico to Young en or thirty T3cturos delivered bofora the Chicago Medical [nstituto; Price 50 Cents. Circular eapecially t Ladles, two stamps. Invalids provided with private spartments, board, and attondancy. Office bours from 9a.m. to 8 p. m. Con- saltation Frze. DR. KEAN, NO CURE! 360 South Clark-st,, Chicago, NO PAYX!! May be confidentially consaltad, personally or by mail, Treq of charge, on all chronic or Bervous diseascs. DR. J. KE‘.\.\'u(h-owpa ian ia the city #howar- ci Fants cures or uo pa. (Green Book, Iliustrated, 0 conts. OBSTACLES TO MARRIAGE, FAPPY RELIAF VOR YOUNG MPX [rom the effects ¢ Frrors and Abussain eatly lifa. ‘Manhood Hestorsd it nbl #u Wé(n;lhud n’é F ot Sablo remedics; - Bovks and Clecs. Tt ent e n realed. - “Addre HOSA RSOCIATIHN s N ihtoat,, Philadelphis Pa., an fnsitation baviog & hig ropuiition 2ot hono ablg condurt and professioasl skill. el abein e FRACTIONAL CURRENCY. A A USSR s $5 Packages FRACTIONAL CURRERCGY FOR SALE AT TRIBUNE OFFICE. RAILROAD 'nx{m TABLZ. ARAIVAL, 1N DEPARTURE, OF TRAEYS eepred. ¢ Sunday excepted. * Monday excepied. § Fi%0 Sunday at 80 8. me & Daily. =3 ENTRAL & GREAT WESTERN RAILR0AD3 Wf Lake st., and foot of Ticentytecond-st, rice, 53 Clark st., southeast corner of Fandolpl, and 75 Canulst,, corner of Madison. Mornicy Kapruss, Signt Hpriss C. WENTWORTIL, nerat Passeazer Azeat. - CRICATN & ALTON RAILR0AT. and_Deneer Short Line, via_Lowisis ingicld, Allonand S, Louis Chicago, - Kanms ana, Ho., and Chicago, icld, Through Line. Union Depot, West Siite bridge. _Ticket Oces : At Depet, and 122 Leave, Kansas City Fast Ex. v <sonsilie, 11}, aad Loaisiana, Mo St. Louls Expre-s, vis Mai Bt Louts Fase Ex. via Main Li 8t. Louts I2c. vis Jac Springneld Express. Springield Fast Expres: Jdeherson Clty Express. Peoris, Keoknk & Buri'a Ex. Chicago & Ps Jucah Ratlroad Wenoua Lucor, Washinzton Joliet & Dnght Accommodat souvill & »cH}r‘A’:n. MKLWAU;(EE & SI. PAUL RAILWAY. mion Depot, er Madli ». 2 e Milwaukee, Prairie d SR L R Mitwankec Mafl and Express Sliwankee, St Fanl oSt B Arrive. 10x0p.m. [ 4:15 p. m. CHICASO. BURLINGTON & OUINCY RAILROAD. Depots—Fust of Lilenst.. Indianaar., and and Canal and Sizteenthoats, Ticket ofices, #t., Grand Jacific Jfutel, and at depots. [z Mail and Expross. Ottawa aud Surcatur Possox Dubuqgo & sioax Gity Frp Paciic Fas? Line, for Om: a8 City, Calson s . dacesh = Accommodatina v3 Accommodation ? atarday. * 3Fx. Mond ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD. Depat foot of Tateat. and fuot o7 Tuentyeeson -» el Sk fook e aid Arrice. , (@) Runs to Crampalgn oo CHICAGO & NORTHWESTERN HAILRD4N. ity oiess, comer Kando/ps i LaSalleests,, and 75 Cazale Sty coner Yadiama-at Nigit a Freeport & Dubuoua a Eroeport & Dubngus Express, & Milwaukeo 3ail ¥ Milwnokee Passon, Grean Hay Fapross. & 3. Puat Bapross o a—Depotcariic of Welia and Kinziests. £ Diopot commer of Capal end Kincteats, 2 UWLHL ST % Gen., Pass. Azuat. COLORADO. KANSAZ & NEW FAZXICO. Foh R N EWERS, chAast CHICAS0, ROCK ISLAND & PACIFIC RAILROAD. Degat, corner of Var Buren and Skerman-sts, - Ticket ofice, Grand tacific Ratel, 2 Leare. | drrive. Omana, Leavenw'th & Atchison Ex:*10:15 8. m. |* €0 p. m. Pern Avcommodation. P In [* 935 - Night Expross.. s sy o LAKE SHCRE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAILROAD. Joot o7 LaSall Ticke: ofces, and_Randolp! and soudiieest corner Canal and Sudison-sts, - CHICAGD. iNDIANAPOLIS & LINE. VIA KANKAKEE ROUTE. From the Great Central Railroad Depi, Fost of. tax’lz_ car CINCINNATY THROUGH Ticket office, 121 Jia Sallest., corner Depot. ‘mear corser Clari; 4 astor, and ‘at Illiols” Ceniral Day Expross. Nigut B Fepre: CCEAN STEAMSHIPS. CONARD HAIL LINE ESTABLISHEED 1840. Steam - Between New York, Boston. Liverpool. Queenstown. Glasgow. London and all British Points. From New York every Wednesday. From Boston every Saturdsy. : Cabin Passaze, 380, $100-and £130, Gold. £xcursion Tickets at Reduc:d Rates, Steerage Passage. 82 curzency. Pzisengers and frelzht booked 1o and from cil parts of Furope at lawest rates SightDraftgop Great aad Irolaa NET, Gen'l Wost'n Agoat. ' e cor. (:lark and Randolpb-sis, NATIONAL LINE, NOTICK_This Company takes (horisk of Ingurance (ut to 350,000 1 gold) on each of §ta steamers, thas ivin, passonsors the best owibls guaraata for safoty su avoidanuo of drozor at sea e most, scutherly roufe has_always been adoptod by this Gompany fo aveld ico £od lioxilznds “To LIVERPOOL and QUEENSTO Nos. 44 and 47, North ot York. Spsin.. Canad: an. 17 | For London (dimct) every fortnizht. Cubln Pavage, 870, S50, and 390 Currency. Steerage, 329 Currency. Rotumn tickets at reduced rates. Passengers booked to o from Gonnaa and Scandipanian poioteat Jow rates. The Steamsnupa uf this lino arc tao fargestin the trads. Dratts o Great Britafa, Ireland, ana the Continent, ai Northeast corner Clack and Rancolph.sts, (oupauitr iew Sherman House), Chicago, WILLLST S ACRTISTER, | Geaeral Westorn Agaat. NEW YORK TO CARDIET, BRISTOL, LONDOMN, And all Other Points in England axd Wales, The South Wales Atlantio Stezmshlp Compsny's new Ert-clase Steamihipy will sall from Penawiraaia Rall- Nov. 15 Steerage, d Cahin, S35 carroncy; Stoar = cerags certificates fzom Car- st imneyv. a Cabln, $ulcurre: 3 curre: e, ncy: prepa: . Dralts for £12nd uprards, 'Fir further partculsre, xoply fo Cardiff, at tas Com- pany's O No. 1 Dock. ‘434 1a Now Tork e €0., Ageats, eReiTsALS BT 2 T Ko i Broadinay. d carrviog pas- ‘;“,"f‘u?x"nd. Crmttirmeal Catan from $63; Stowe- L HENDERSON BROTHERS, Agonti. ceat aew apd fall; omie, Daigie, Agriatic, Biltan Lo, Ne X%k 1o na E s R e e Otace, 77 South CUHTHYD LAGZRGREN. Agoat. NOTICE. ¢ of Jaouary, 194, ke genera) g Co far Lie FR G T, -b;z.&uu agthorieod o sst oa bei said Ce o N '0) obaald Com e BTadar NaviaaTion Darmar. Decambez, 3. 3 HoSPATLE, Asscsaep