Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 26, 1873, Page 4

4 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, DECEMBER ‘26, 1873. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TCRMS OF BUNSCRIPTION (PAYADLE IN ADVANOR), Bt S1EG0] Sualareere 68 ‘Parts ol 8 yoar at the sano 1ato, ‘To provent delay and mistakes, bo surs and glvo Post 00 conddress in full, including Stato and County, Remittances may bo madoe oithor by draft, oxpross, Post Offico ordor, or in vegistorod Jattors, nt our risk. TEDNS 70 OITT SUBORITEN, afly, doliverod, Bunday oxeoplod, 93 conte por weok, Dally, delivered, Bunday included, 23 conts por wook. Addross THR TRIBUNE COMPANY, Uorner Madison and Dearbiorn-sta,, Ulfioago, 1l TODAY'S AMUSEMENTS. ACADIMY OF MUBIC--Hslatod st eaot, botweon Mad- tson and “Motwe, Kngagement of L, A. Sothorn. ** Que Amatican Couatn, OOLEY'S THEATRE-) 1) Ok Nad Lasatle, *TRg Gonaen Beouwsrh Detmeen MYIORER'S ] Donion i Bitar o tho Pat, and +¢ Nam, tho Qood dlton atroet, botwoon t of Lottn, T or &'umln;fi' H ngmkl&,fl{fié?nfi—unln‘fl“mil?;ml AP o b s Baokus' Ban Francisos Ainatrols. botyrson Mad- lech, Wainbold, MYRRS' OPERA-IOUSK Monroo streot, botwasn Doarborn ang Blato, Atlington, Qutton, and' Kemblo's Minatrela, " Bluplo Simoa,"Alastroisy and ovuncall- or. DR, KAHN'S MUSEUM OF ANATOMY-Clark strasty botwoon Madison atid Mouruo. [ S NOTICES, ARTERS FOR BOYS' OLOTHING, . FEADQU. 3 OARSUATIE A Son . The Chtage Tibune, Friday Morning, Deoomber 20, 1873, There was & rumor jyostorday, which is prabably not entitled to crodit, that the Spanish Governmont had sent Gon. Rickles bis passports, which would be equivalont to n dismissal, Our Joliot dispatch statos that Maj, Whom, Teunitentiary Commissioner, has an afidavit in his possession, in which Dr. Mason shows that ho death-bath administered to tho couviet Will- jams was ordered bocauso hio hind feignoed sick- ness, and, thoreforo, as a punishment, This {s in violation of tho rules of the Penitentiary. Tho Coroner at Jolist now says that ho will hold an inquest over Witliams' body, and tho develop- ‘ments in tho easo so fac corlainly domand it. Wa print this mornivg our aunual review of tho progress made by Chiengo in its wholesalo trade during tholast year. It will bofound to contain mattera of interest to all tho world, snd matorial for the gratification of everybody out- sido of St. Louig and Cincinnati. This compilation shows that §630,000,000 worth of goods wero sold in this city during 1873 at wholesale alone, This is & goin of 18 per cent ovor tho same busi- ness of 1872, and & gain of 31 per cent over that of 1870. On tbis basis, it will not bo difti- calt for skillod statistlcisns to figure out futuro ‘possibilitios for Chicago that shell outatrip afl tho progress in commerco ond trade that has ever been mado in the pest. The Boston newspapers do not rogard the City &olicitor’s docision, excluding from sorvico the four women reoently elected to tho School Committee of that city, as very good law or vory good sense, They say that tho Constitution is opposed to tho position ho has taken in tho matter. One thing is cortain: It women elected to Schiool Boards in Massachusotts are not permitted to sorve, Alssgnchusetts is falling far bebind Illinois in the mareh of civilization, Tho large numbor of wonien chosen to theso Boards throughout our Stato at tho lnat olection, and ontitled to warve ‘under our lows, will probably turn the aitontion of the Radieal Club, of Boston, hereaways, if tho Boston Solicitor’s dacision shall be sustained. ————— There were many frightful oxcoptions yeater- day to tho penceful obsarvance of Christmas, ‘but one especially notable and horrible in asso- ciation with that typical day of pesce and gaod will. At Riga, villago near Dodson,O.,thora was a ghooting-matel, at whicli w0 brothers engag- ed in a porsoual sitercation over tho londing of & rifle. Ouo shot the other dead, and the out- raged crowd put the survivor out of the way of all eaying supersedeases by banging him to the nearest troo. Ono 18 at a Joss to decide which of thao two crimea—tha deliberate fratricide or the Iynching of the murderer—was most Topugnant to the character of the festival and iho day. Altogether, tho record of crime this morning is 3 uoteworthy comment on the observauco of halidays. The exposures relative to the missppropria- tion of the contingent funds of the vavious De- partmontd at Washington for the personal luxu~ ry of Oabinet officers havo aroused the Adminis- tration Congressmen to an unaccustomed stato of indignation, and it {8 now stated that a thorough investigation will be instituted immodiately after tho holiday rocess. Furthor rovolations are predicted, in which it will bo shown that all grades of Dopartmont ofli~ cials have indulged themselvos in unlawful per- quisites, and that the impression has teken n strong bold upon this class that it is fair to sppropriste any public monoys for pri- vats use that can be oblained without a techinical violation of statute-law. Wiule the practices loadiug to this pormcious fallacy have been of somo yeara’ standing, they Lave natural- 1y grown worso with timo, and have boen fos- tered under tho wmilitary system of Gen. Grant’s Admlnistratios The Ropublican pross genorally ‘treat the De- catur Convontion 18 a suporfuity, alleging thnt alt of tho principlos laid down in its platform have been indorsed by the Republican party and most of them by the Domocratic party also, ‘Wliat is the use, thoy say, of Laviug s now party to dowhat thoother parties have promised to do? Tho answor to this conundrum was givon protty plalnly by the Docatur Convention. It ‘was in substauce that thoy had no confidence in olther of the old partiea. 'Tho truth Is, and the Decatur Couvention might well bavo assorted it, thiat vo party can accomplish a reform of orgau. ized sbuses unloss speclally organized for the purpose. Tho Republlean party was organizod to put down slavery, which itbas dono, What the Demoeratio party was organized for has beon long slnco forgotten, Nolther of theso parties wos organized for any of tho purposes which brought the Docatur Convention togother, Whatever they may promlso, whether woman- suffrago roform, elvil-gservica roform, rallvond roform, tati reform, or salary-grab reforn, it in cortam tholr tronsure is nat in sy of these ro- forms, aud cousoquonlly that their hearts will not bo there. W publish olsewhero a lobter from Prof, Bon. amy Prico, of Oxford Univorsity, on the fingu- olal spasm o Doglasd, whioh followod woon aftor the panio in this country. ‘Chat this spasm was basod upon no facta ntall, but wae o pro- Auet of disordered Imaginationn,is renderod suf- Aiciently clonr by tho fact that it has now consed. Tho great Tondon panio of 1806 wna a genuino financln) crlals, having fte origin in tho wasto of capital which speoulation always brings inite teain, Tho orials of tuat yoar having spontits foreo, and tho digjecta membra Linving boen do- contly iulerred by tho Bankruptoy Court, nothing ling oceurrod sinco to creato o now erisis thore, Tho momory of tho old ona fa still too vivid and frogh in the minds of the trading and bonking community to warant that sort of “Dbranchivg out™ which lod lto the crisls of 1806, Consoquently, as Prof. Prico obsorves, tho courso of British trado was emlucntly conservative and safo when iuo Amerlenn panio bogan, But our panio lod to o suddon cossation of imports, and this rondored nocessnry tho oxportation of gold from England to pay for hor imported broadstufts. To ohieck this ogport of gold, which was a potfeotly natural and beslthy movement, the Dank put up Lho rato of intorest by successive steps from per cont to 10, whilo the outside rato wont as high a8 12—n most unnecossary and unphiloso- plical proceoding, as Prof, Prico malntaine, o holds that a bank resorve i8 a thing to bo used in omergonelos, and vot a fotish to which the morcantile community should bo offered wp porfodically o8 a sacrifice. Ifis romarks nro oqually appticable to tho bank reserves of this country as to thoso of England, THE OHIEF-JUSTIOE MUDDLE, Our Washington dispatches state that upon the resssembling of Congress the Prosidont will withdraw tho nomiustion of Attorney-Genoral Williams as Obiof-Justice, and send in that “of Calob Cushing, When Mr, Willinme was firht uominated, wo expressod our patification that tho caso was no worse, Wo think that the nom- inntion of that ancient gossip of Newburyport, who ropresouted us in part at the Gonova Con- fevonco, and who lns diuce writton a book ta de- molish Lord Chiof-Yustice Cockburn, would bo rather worse than that of Williams, slthough wo presumo that Cushing, whon ho wan Attornoy- General for Frauk Plorce, novor bought n pri- vate carringo for himeelf with the contimgent fund of tho Department, This carriago-purohaso is certainly suficiont to warrant tho Souato in rejecting Williams, if it chooses to do so. Probobly thoro me other roasous in addition to this, Tho‘Washington dispatches stato that the fominine mind of tha Capi- tal is ogitated at tho prospect of seolng Mrs. Williams promoted to tho position of Chiof-Jus- ticess, snd that Sonators are confronted at overy turn with tho implacablo opposition of the ladies to tho confivmation of Mrs. Williams' husband. Whatever this may signify, wo think there can Lo no doubt that Mr. Williams® nomination will bo withdrawn immodiately upon tho resssem- Dling of tho Senate, Aud tho question will in- ovitably arise whether & man who helps himsclf 081,600 of tho public monoy to buy & private carvioge is flt to hold the olico of Attornoy- Geveral, If the eyes of tho Scnate aro really too pure to behold such infguity, tho proper thiug to do will be to confirm the nomination of Bristow as Attornoy-Goneral, whick is now be- ore them, and then lot tho President withdraw tho nomination of Willisms s Chief-Justice ot his Jeisure. We had hoped, but not expected, that tho Prosident would nomiuate some great lawyer, like William M, Evarts or Bonjamin R. Curtis, or somo ominent Judgo like Thomas Drummond or E. R, Hoar, to the vacaut chair of the Chiof~ Justice. Now thatho Las failed to sccure tho confirmation of bhis first appointeo, the opportu- nity is again offered bim to signalizo his Admin- istration by such an appointmont, The nominas tion of Caleb Cushing would go far to confirm the opinion which the farmors enterinin, that thoy can elect bettor Judges than the Presidont is likely to appoint. A JUDICIAL OUTRACE. The news which wo print this morning, that the Supreme Court hag s third time intorfered to save Rafforty from his just puniebment under tho law for & murdor committed nearly & your snd abalf ago, will be recoived with something Jiko incredulity on tho part of the public, Rafforty was to have beon hanged to-day at ‘Waukegan, Throe timos had bo beon triod and found guilty of murder in the first degree, Threo times lad he beon condemned to expiate Lis crime om the gullows. Our dispatehes from Sgringfleld tell us that Gov. Beveridge positively refused to commute Lis gontence or grant bim o respito, For saveral days the culprit hos boen under tho ministering caro of {ho pricsts, and it has boen intimuted that ho had made his peaco with Qod, and was prepared to meot his fate. At this juncture throa Judgos of our Suprome Court, bolstering each other up in the action, grant a supersedeas, and thus propare the way for a new trial, which will not probably be called til. tho Septomber torm,—moro thon six months honco. Iu view of the unquostionable preof of Raffor. 19" guilt, we hiave no hesitation in pronouncing tho prosent intorferonco ag & judieisl outrage. Its practicsl offeot is to Lully tho jurics of this State, asd to oncoursge would-bo mur- dorors in the beliof, once openly proclaimed in COhicago, that ** hapging is played out.” Eighteon months ago, Rafforty shot down Officer 0'Maara; of the polico fores, in the most dolib- orato and cold-blooded msuner. 0'Moara liad accompanied auother officer, who had a warrant for Rafforty's artest, for tho purpose of polnting out tho man, O'Menra did not serve the warraut Limaself, and, aside from tho ofiicial star ke woro on his bresst, was present as n moro citizon spectator. But he atcod near the door through whiol Rafforty had dotermined to make his cs- cape, and, a8 a moaus of getting him out of tho way, Bafferty drow o revolver and shot him dend* Tho wurdoror was approhonded uftor unsuccess- fully aitompting to oludo the officers, brought to frial bofore the Criminal Court of Cook County (Judge Treo prosiding), fouud gullty, and sentencod to be langed. Rafferty’s counsel upplied for a writ of super~ sedeas to Judge McAllister, aud it was iesued on tlio ground that Judge Creo had erred in rofus- ivg to graut a changoe of vouuo, Refferty was noxt brought to trial at Waukogan, again found guilty of murder in the flrat dogres, aud sgam sentonced to behanged, A second timo a writ of supersedeas was applied for, and a now tria] wos granted matuly on tho ground that the war~ rant servod on Rafforty at the time of tho mur- dov way 1llegal, having boon signed in blank by Juatico Banyon, and that ovidonco on that point had beon excluded In the Court below, Judgo MeAllister's oplufon auimadverted iu tho soverost terms upou the loose practice of iusuing Llank warrauty, dwolt eloquontly upon the rights of the Amoricau cltizen a8 to arrost, aud thereupon orderod » now trial for & :nurderor whose gullt lad uover bean doubted, A third timo Rafforty waa (rled, and, 1n spito of the offort of the SBupromo Court to mako it appoar that he was only guilty of manslaughtor if the warrant gorved by another offfeor was illogal (of which O'Moara was ignorant), Refforty was n third time found guilty of murder, and sou- toncod to be hangod. And now throo Judges of the Bupromo Court say that ho shall not hang yot, that Lo alill have anothor full hoaring bo- foro that tribunnl, and probably a fourth trial for a crimeof whioh Rafforty himsolf will soarco- ly deny that ho is guilty. As yot tho grounds for tho granting of tho thicd supersedean aro not statod, furthor than that thoy hnve beonfound in an * examination of the rocord." Mr. Bmall, Rafferty’s counsol, is ignorant of thom. 'Tho Biate's Attornoy and his neslstant suspeot that tho stay hws boon grautod on the atronglh of an afdavit submit- tod aftor the lnst conviotion, atating that ono of the jurors bnd oudoavored to got a placo on the Jury with the corrupt purpose of votiug for Rafforty's conviction, and that the Doputy- Bliorlll nt Waukogan bad intimldated the jury, by misintorproting the Judge's langusge, and making thom bollove that thoy would bo kept out ovor Bunday if they did not xonder thoir vor- diet by & corlam hour. It ig also hinded that Judgos MeAllistor and Bheldon, npon soparate application, rofusod to grant tho prosont super- #sedeas, aud, thoroforo, Inferred that Judgo Boott finally consonted only on .condition that tho two otltors wonld join him. But, whatover tho crcumatonces woro, tho fack ro- maing that, “In no one of thoso intorforonces by’ the Supromo Court, has thero boon any pre- teuso of a ranacnable doubt of Rafferty's guilt, which has boen conclusively shown by the ovi denco at all of bis trinls. In spito of this, and ta tho groat danger of buman life in Chicago, & thrice-convicted murderor is temporarily rescued from punishment, with & new prospest for fiual oseapo. Rafforty's respito and Perteot’s exoou- tion would seom to toach that, when men do murdor in Chicago, it sould bo with bloody hauda (hat sll tho world may know it, it they tiope for judiessl tavors, — Wo find iu a Boston paper, and supposo the 8nmo ean be found substantially in the religious ‘papers ygenorally, an advertisement which do- sorves especial notico. Omitting the name and place of business of tho advertiser, the sdver- tisomont read ng follows : —— offora fox salo reglstored coupon bonils of Hliinota countfes aud towne, boaring 8 and 10 per cont interest, the prineipal and interest of which ure pald by the Btato of Iilinofs at tho American Exchanga Bank, Now, York, Thoso bonds differ from all ofher fown and county bonds fn this ; that thefr payment dees not dopend upon thaaction of the locul suthoriiios, The Stato sutborities aro compelled by law, when theso bonds aro registared i tho Stato Auditor's ofiice, to collect each year, as Slate taxcs, the iuterest, and to pay the samo at tho same timo aud in the samo manner that iho duterest ou tho State bonds §s patd, Tho same Jaw alo provides for tho colloction cach year of an ample fuud for tho paymont of principal at maturity, Each boud beata s certificate of registration in tho tate-Auditar's Qfiico, under tho Funding acta of 1865 or 1809. Thezo acts ara 8 plodge of the public faith of tho Stato af Tilinois tq the colloction and psyment of principal and intorest of theso bouds, Innddition theroto, 3 Jogal Mability aitaches to tho townsand countles that issue tho bonds, which can be ns easily and effectively onforced, whenever mnecessary, as sgainst any munfeipality in Now England, ‘Tio SupremoCourt of Iiinots has already confirmed tlio leguilty of tho lseuo of theso bonds, under the old Constitution of the Btate, ind the uow Constitution cxpresaly recognizea them, and prohibits thie lssuo of oy more, thus making thoso already isaued moreso- curo by proventing any additional incumbranco, Tho Constitution of Illinola probibits towns and countlcs from Incurring debt boyond 6 por eent of the valustion of taxable proporty in safd towns or coun. ties; and the registration of thess bonds, aud the con- sequent assumption of them by the Stats, 18 a guaranteo that thefr debt 18 within that Lmit, Tho amount of this kind of indobtedness, seattered about over {his lirge State, fa about Twelve Billton Dollers, and §s tho only debt tho Stata of Illinois hos to provido for, ond ia & first Jien, in the shape of Stats taxes, upon all the property of the different counticy and towns that isius them, + For every dollar in bonds sssued and registered, the towns and countics havo recelved an equal smount of atock in the rafiroads completed and in operation, to which they ore saucd, and tho vulue of property has Doon increased ut loast 20 por cont by thoso bonds, [Copy of Leiter from Trensurer of the State of Illinols 1u referance to these Bonds.) OFF108 TRFABURED BTATE of I).uynu‘} SPHINGFIELD, £cb, 19, 1810, 8ms: In reply to your inquiries of this dato, I have 10 say tho Act of April 10, 1869, provides that tho in- tercat on thio bonds of counties, cities, and townsbips, aud towns reglstored under that act, shall bo collceted and pald in precisely tho same mannor a8 i the inter- et o tho State dobt, Tho luterest on the State debt 1 pald in the City of New York, if demanded within ffteen days after ito maturity, and, after that, ot tho oftleo of tho Trossurer in this clty, The interest on the bonds you refer towill all be paid 0 precieely the same way, without reqard to the atipu~ Intions of the bonds themselves vn that vespect. B 1 may also say that it scems to Lave Leen the object of tho framera of thoct to maks the payment of the tnterest on the bonds a8 cerlain as it is on the bonds of the State, Thta object scoms to bo well gecured, and T do not anticipate that any dificnlty will arise which will dotract In any way from {ho value of the bouds a8 a 6afo and sdvisable Investment, (Signed) Enastus N, Bates, Slate Tressurer, As tho statements in this advertisement have a seccming confirmation in the letter of an ex- Tyonsuvor of this State, i is proper that the errors of fact, as well as those of inference, should be exposed, 1. The priucipal and interest of theso bonds ave not puid by the State. When the interest i collectod from the towns, tho Tropsurer, as custodion theroof, pays It out to tho bond- holdor. 2. The Iaw of 18069 provides for tho lovy aud collection of & tsx upon the proporty of the indebted towns and counties oqual to the smount of intereat ; this is purely a local tax, and, whon paid, is sont to the State Trossury to bo paid out to tho bondholder. It is a special tax aud not a Btato tax. Tho lnw doos notroquire tho collection of any fund annually to moet the principal, oxcopt in the case of a vory fos bonds, roglstered nuder the act of 1805, sud then only from tho towns owing tho dobt, 8. Elovon-twelfthy of those bouds are rogle- tored undor the act of 1800, which nct is not “a pledgp of the publio faith of the Stato of Il nois to tho collestion and payment of prineipal and interost of those bonds; * on the contrary, that act oxprossly declares, in tho fifth wection, that *‘tho Stato shall be doemed the custodian only of {ho soveral taxes #o collcctod aud crodited to such county, township, olty, or town, and shall not bo deemed in any mannor lisble on account of any such bonds," furthor than fo ap- ply the procoeds of the tax whou collocted. 4. The Bupromo Court of Illinols bas not con- firmod the logality of the issuo of these bouds, mnor does the now Conatitution recognize thom ia any way, excopt to pro- Liblt their payment out of the Btato rovenue, T'ho logality of ench Isauo of bonda lsta be de- termined by iteolf. I[u one caso before the Su- prowme Court involving tho valldity of any of those bouds, the Court hold thoem tobe utterly void. In anothor caso whore u town rofused to issue tho bonds, the Supremo Court susteined tho aotfon of tho town, andon grounds that prob-. ably render nll othor bonds fssued by othor towns for the same road utterly vold. There 8ro now a dozon anits in which the Courta have granted injunctions prohibiting the payment of Intorest on the bonds, B, The suggoestion that booauso tha Constitu- tion limits municipalindobtoduons, and becauso iheso bonds aro rogistored, thoy posschs sny higlhor valuo or sacurity, is not warranted by the faot nor by the law, Inmany casos, thoso bonds havo been {ssued by munieipalitios that, confess- cdly, can nover pay thom, Bmall towns, witha fow Lundred poople, are churged with 10 por cont bonda far boyond any probable futuro abil- Ity to pay, As specimons of tho way in which rallrond jobbers have procured tho lssno of thoao bonds, wo give a fow fuatancos, taken at random, showing tho amount of the bonds and tho population of the towns issuing them: Toicn, Londs, Population, Tonrdslown, Carn Cotnty. .. .§103,000 2,520 Clintoula, DoWitt County! 00,000 2598 Nixon, Dowitt Gount 25,000 (1] YVandalia, Fayelte Goin X 2,491 Drunimers! Grave, Ford Connty - 43,000 503 Warnaw, lancock County 84,000 4,583 Tovoloy, Troquols C 10,000 240 tio, Kiiox Count, 1,380 At Pulaek}, Logu o 033 ‘Wo havo alroady shown that tho suggestion tuat tho Btale has assumed any liability for theso bonda is nvtruo, and dircotly ropelled by the lottor of tho law, Purchasors of these bonds may form their own conolusion ay to the prob- ablo nbility of those hundrods of small muaici- patitios to pay eithior principal or intorost. 6. Tho asgortion ‘contained in tho declaration that this s tho *‘only dobt the Stato of Tilinols has to provide for,” is not true 6o far ns it im- plica that the State of Hlinols has to provido for this dobt ot all, Thus dobt is not a first Uov (evon in cages where the bonds aro valid) upon tho property of thoe towns, &c., thatoweit; It takes Its chiances with all other debts. 7. 1t is truo that for these bonds the munici- palities issuing thom have recaived an equal smount of tho capital stock in tho raflronds; but, a8 many of tho railronds have been loased or sold, the stock in them reprosonts no proper- ty, and can bo purchased at an averago of 10 caonts on the dollar, and the purchaser would be swindled at that price. 8. Tho lettor of ox-Tronsurer Batos is chiofly romarkablo for what it does mnot say. When rond carofully aud sitentively, it says nothing whatever ; tho statement that tho interest shall bo collocted and paid in the samo way ag the intorest on the Btato debt is monnivgless. All intorest on publio debt is collected and paid in tho same way. Having noticed these spocific points, justico to tho publio requires that wo add an explana- tion of a fow others. Tho act of 18GO fixed tho Btate assossmont of 1868 as & standard, and provided that all Stato taxes for general rov- onuo collacted on the increngo in tho assessed valuo'of tho proporty of the towns owing thesa railroad-nid debts, ovor tho nssessed value of 1868, should bo applied, for the torm of ton years, to the payment of the intorest on theso bonds, whon collectod. Thoro has beon no incresee in tho assessod values of the property in theso localitios sinco 1869, until tho assesement of 1873, Tour yenrs of tho ten have elapsed. In 1878 there was & combination made to give these bouds, which are largely fraudulout and void, o market valuo, The State asscasment was thore- fore increased, and for the first time tho legality of diverting any part of the tax lovied for State ‘purposeg, to apply to a purely local debt, has Deen raised. Thero is a general protest agaiust it, and that point is now before the Bupremo Court in a8 many sstwenty difforont casoe. Even sssuming the improbable event that the Court shall decido such » diversion of taxes to balegal, that law applies only for six yoars ; after that dato it will cesse, In the meantimo thero is a general overhauling of the corruptionandrabbery of the railroad companios who obtained these bonds. There is no investigation by tho phune dered pooplo a8 to tho circumstances attending tho original issue. These investigations have shown that some of tho ncts of tho Logislature under which thie towns were driven to voting the bouds wero bogus, no such laws having ever boan passed. Ail tho bonds issued to the Otta~ wa, Oswogo & Fox River Valley Railrond havo already beon blotted ont by tho Suprome Court, and it is probablo that a8 fast as the cases can bo presented other oqually bogus issues will bo set aslde. Apart from tho legal queations iuvolved, theso bonda are morally covered all over with froud, and wo do not beliovo that tho principal, even of thoeo legally issuod, will ever be paid, except after years of litigation, FREE LUKCHES AND COMMUNISM. Tho Staals-Zeitung of yesterday morning con= tafuod ono very siguificont column, which is of special interest to tho Communists, Socialists, and the workingmen, and their leader, Fraucis A, floffmay, Jr. It is headed * Lunch,” avd contaius twonty-tvo announcemeonts of froe lunches to be served up yesterday, to-day, and to-morrow, whore the hungry man moy satiate himsolf with all tho dolicacios of the season, liston to good music, =and trip his light fantsstic too Dbesldos, if he s g0 disposed. As 8 mattor, theroforo, of pme public interost nt this oritical moment, we give placo to a brief ane nouncoment in English of theso gonerous hostel- ries, where any men may go and Tovel gratuit- ously. Capt, George Bchroder, 193 Eost Twolfth stroet, anuouncos & grent lunoh, with out specifyivg the detuils of his monu, Jobn CGemboui, 111 and 113 Aroher aveunue, will sproad for his friends, scquaintauces, and the world in genernl, an elogant repast of romst turkoy, dovilod rabbit, snd Bavarian dumplings, which can bo eaton to tho ravishing divisions of **tablo music,” and oftor the repast thore will bo & concort “with piano and violin,” Wherein did Noro, or Caliguls, or even Bardanapalus fare miore sumptuously ? Samuel Weinberg, yostor- day, bis birthdsy falling on Olristmas, did the ologaut thing by setting out n ¢ Cirosser Eroffnungs-Lunch,” with the ‘*bost of drinks,” ac 477 Slato strect. Jobn Nispol, 830 Bouth Olavk streot, givos his friends o turkey lunch, and Jacob Konig, at 7656 Aay streel, also spreads a kingly repast, Hermann Bohimoll, 01 North Wolls streof, hra & modest littlo advortivomont, but bis lunch s & * Gros- sor " one. Frau Volgt, 185 Milwaukee avenuo, hor womanly heart ovorflowing with genuine Toutonio hospitality, makes an announcemont which will thrill every Humburg bresst with merorles of the Fathorland. Her foast I8 “a gront lunch,” with Hamburg eel-soup; nono of your littlo, wriggling, insignificant American eels, but the gront, unctuous, poworful Ham- burg eels, from tho Elbe, as big and moaty as the snakos that twined nbout Laocoon. One dish of this savory potage would lust ordinary peoplo & week, C. Fricse and O, Sohnct, 286 Divislon stroot, simply say ‘‘a groat lunoh,” but they ndd o thelr sdvorhsoment tho unrestrioted welcomo, “Kommt Alle." Miobael Weishaar, 107 Hurlbut street, nof conly sets & fiue lunch, bus ke s gelng to safe flo off n baresu-mirror. ITonry Bartels, 128 Weot Randolph stroot, fnvites his frienda to a turkey- Iunel. Angua} Brounor sota out to-day in Cas- par alin's planing-mill, 108 Clybourn avenue, n groat door-lanch, with tho boest of drinks, an an- nouncoment whioh ought to tompt ovon Falstaft out of his grave, Einbort Pottglosor, 560 Houth Btato atreot, whose burly form is the very syno- nym of good llving, annonnces ronst venison, turkeye, and geeso, aud all the tincst delionclos with tho bost of drinks. Gnstav Gursens, 360 Milwanlce svonuo, and Potor Begelor, 76 Larra- boo atract, do not spacify thelr delioncies, but both are fino lunches. ~ Louis Rinn, 144 Wost Randolph stroot, makos such & flamboyant and toothsomo announcement that wo'eannot rofrain from glving 1t entiro 1 *Worlliy festival of tho Chrlstmas night. Motto: *Eating aud driuking ; koop body and soul togethor.' T.ouis Riun, 144 Wost Randolph sireot, invilos his frionds and acquaintances to attond o Olrisimas night festival ab hls trlondly hostelty ot tho old IHay Market. Proparations have boon mndo which will satisfy tho most fastidions epioure. ‘Tho principal points of attraction (Usuptsnziohungspunkt) will be & young sucking-plg (8panferkelbraton) sumptuously preparod with ‘all the concomi- tauts. That tho condition of tho bar is tip-ton, my friends alrendy know, all of whom ars solemuly invited by Louis Rino.” Tho man who conld rosist tho nbove au- nouncement must bo mado out of very storn matorfal, But to roturn to our muttons. Goorgo Knosnor, cornor of Polk street and Tifth avonuo, sots out s boear lunch for tho« citizens of that fashiomablo quartor. Frau Rildenbeutel, 815 Bluo Island avenuo, with fino fomalo feoling, announces ' an oxquisito sunch with all tho dolicncies of tho soason.” Joln and Michacl Schmitt, 222 Divislon streot, Jobn Pross, 01 Wost Kinzio stroot, and John J. Boller, 648 West Indiana stroot, algo invito thoir frionds to *‘dolicato lunches,” aud Alexondor Johannson, 184 Coolidge streot, not only sets a lunch, but also provides “‘gute musik und go- tranko," This concludes the list. In con- sidoration of tho above announcements, showing that roast turkeys, doviled hares, Davarian dumplings, Hamburg cels, ronst venison, bear, geeso, sucking-pige, and othordolicaciosare Jying round looso, begging somebody to bo good cnough to eat thom, nnd fiddlors aud pinuo- thumpers, and hom-blowers and drum-pounders, arc ready to play tholr duleot stralns fo tho fonstors, aro wa not o littlo hasty in prosuming thero is pothing to cat in tho clty? And s not that promising young demagoguo, F. A, Hoft- man, Jr., a little ahead of the timo with his Commune ? A NEW CLASS OF FELONS, Harry Gonet, tho convicled Tammany thief, bau mndo good his escapo from tho slippery bands of the Now York Sheriff, and from all ac- counts is now on tho ocenn in Lis clogant yacht, provisioned for six montls, enjoying bis cigars and wines, and laughing at his prosecutors, Ho i a vory wealthy man, of luxurious habits, and could afford to pay any amount Lo egcape prigon= life. Norton, Coman, Miller, ond Walsh have followed bis example and takon to their heels, Tho murderor Sharkey is also in s safo place, having thus far cluded his pursuers. And now comes tho anuouncement thay Tweed's lawyers have concocted a new trick, which thoy are con- fident will rolesso kim from the Blackwell's Ial- and prison. If this should fail, the suc- coss of the other thicves mentioned above is & pretty suro indication that Alr. ‘Pweod will turn up missing somo fino morning, aud leave somebody in New York considerably richer by virtue of kia escapade. In viow of thero facts, tho question occurs: How much Lotter are tho guardions of theso convicted fel- ouns than the felons themselves? There is now o fine opportunity to offact the considerations, which in all probability these somnolent ofiicials have reccived, by making an oxamplo of thom. If thoreis any virtuo left in the Now York Courts, thoy must inquiro into this sceodalous business, Thero is no diMculty in socuring ond enforcing tho punishment of littlo thioves tothe very limit of the poualty, and, it one of this clnss attempts to escape, ho is protiy suro to got a bullet through him. If the New Yorlt Courts will but promptly meko an oxamplo of tho dorelict and corrupt ofiicials, who extonad dis- tinguished. convideration to big thioves, the practice will soon bocome g0 unprofitable that big thioves will hava to travol the samo road as Littlo thioves,—p fact which onght not to be in- consistent with the ends of justice. DEFALCATIONS AND THEIR REMEDY, The Now York Times refers to the defaleation in tho Chicago Troasuror's ofiico, and nttributes it, with others of & like character, to tho abe surdity of tho provailing systom of regulating the accounts of State and Munlicipsl Govern- ments. Inallthe casos of ofticial defalcation tho abaonce of checks upon tho deposits of pub- lic monoy is tho aame. In the present systom the tradition belonglug to a primitive poriod has beon presorved, that tho Tronsurer is the sctual bag-holder of tho State or corporation ; thut to him is committod the exclusive custody of tho money; and that Lo is at liberly to employ banks to ald bim in its custody, or ho may keop it in his private safe, This tradition swsumes thab tho public have trusted tho Tronsurer abiolutely aud unrosexvadly, and that tho public should geel tholr solo socurily against loss in the ro- sponsibility of the Treasurerand his bondsmen, Is 1t not time that this old-fashioned theory shiould bo roplaced by & system of dirack nc- countability proventing any misappropriation of the money without imuiediate detoction? In all thio recont cages, some thirty in numbor, of ofiicial dofalentions, there was no clock upon the Treasurer save the books of some othor ofll- cor which merely showed how much he ought to linve on hand, In overy case, tho Trensurer had unlimited authority to placo the monay whore ko pleasod, or to keop it in his own pooket. Ho was undor no logal obligation o state whore ke, Lept it, nor to ehow that it was on deposit any- whero, 8o long as ho acknowledgoed to have on hand what he wes charged with on the books of the other officers, thoro was no authority for any ono to interforo. Bo long as ho Lonored the ofilcial drafts, thero was no authority to sesume that he had used the money improperly, Ho was, thexofore, froe from all ofliclal restrainte, It lins Loon assumed that the Logislaturo can presoribe no rogulations touching the koeplug orbaudling of publio money without destroy- ing tho lbility of tho boudemon of tho Treasurer. Tho oflico iteolf i tho oreation of tho Logislaturo, Tho porson oleoted to it takes It subjoct to the existing law, aud to all other laws whioh may bo pussed concerning it, Tho law can compel a Trensuror to make a daily or woekly oxhibit of his acoounts, und ean compo) him to include in that exhibit an actual showing of the mouoy in his possession. The sama old aystom prevalisd In New York Olty untll within o fow yoars, but now there have boon wholesome restraints and checks provided by law.- At progont, tho Oity Tronsuror must doposit tho monoy insnch placesns thelawmay dosignato, and mnko this deposit within twonty-four hours after recolving tho monay, Tho banks must thon file with the Comptroller weekly statemonts of tho amotnts recolved by thom from the City Treas- urer and the amounts paid out on'his ohocks. No money bolonging to tho city can bo drawn from n bruk oxcopt on tho warrant or check of the Tronsurer, countorsigned by the Comptrollor, Lho Tronsurer must alko exhibit his bank-books to tho Comptroller whonover o required, and his accounty and thoso of the Complroller are subject to oxamination by n Commission established for this purpose. A dofalcation, under thoso clroumstsuces, 18 only posstblo whon tho Comp- trollor and his doputios unite with tho Troasuror and tho banls and othor city officors to rob and plunder tho publie. The thcory thay tho rosponsibility of theTroas- uror and his Dbondsmon is nll the scouritz that tho publlo have any right to demand the Trensuror, has survived ils usofulness, Bomo- thing additional must be provided to provent de- {aleations. Oficiul Londs sro Vory procarious socurity, and tho Instanco hns yot to bo founa whoun they have proved sufflelont to cover tlo oublio loss. Tho public have n right to know whero tho public money is doposited, and whoth~ or the statemont of tho deposit is & trus ono. Thoro aro in this Stato 102 countios aud 20 cities, onch of whioh Liag o Troasuror ; to those must bo added tho 1,200 Township Treasurers sod tho Slato Treasurcr, and all the scourity the public biave againat the dofaleation of thoso oflicers is the offieinl bonds, not ono in fifty of which per~ bapa would, after judgment, prove to bo worth o penny. What is nceded is somothing to pre- vont dofaleations,—something to provent them by roudering thom impossible. THE NEXT FOREIGN WAR, Tho American morchants alopg the Moxican froutlor have a remarkablo griovance, and to ro- dress it thoy think tho United Statos ought togo to war with Moxico, Many yenruago Moxico had protectivo turiff. Tho duty under tho American tarift was at that tim comparativoly smail. Tho principal towns on the Mexiean sido of the river aro Matamores and Nuova Larodo. The result was that the American morchents could under- #oll thoge on the Amorican side of thoe river, just a8 tho Canndisns can now undersoll merchauts - in this country. Tho means of crossing the Rio Grando aro vory simplo. In addition to theé pubile forry-boats, tho rivor may Lo crossed ina canoo or any other boat at any point for n thou- #and miles. As tho goods the Moxicans needed could bo purchased on the American sido g0 much choaper, tho 3osicaus, for o long distanco Dback into the country, traded with tho Americaus, They brought all they had to sell to the American side, and, oxchanging it for what they noeded, hiad no difficulty in getting back with thelr pur- chages freo of all Custom-House supervision. In plain English, our people did a very exteasive trado with the Mexican smugglers, The weak Government of Mexico, failing, a8 might bave been expected, to break up this smuggling by which it lost its rovenues, and the trado of its own cities being destroyed, resorted to the heroic remedy, and established a *‘free belt"—Zona Libro—cxtending the whole length of tho Rio Grande aud reaching back six miles from the river. It decreod that all foreign goods brought inta Moxico within this district should be freo of duty, Under our very moderate tariff prior to 1860, this did not work very budly, for there was practically s freo belt on both eides of the rivor. This continued until aftor the Robellion, when Texas sgain passed un- | der our laws. Then tho enormous change in our tariff was at onco folt. The stato of things Liad becomo oxactly roversed. On, the Mexican side thore was no tariff ; on tne Americon side was a tariff amounting to porbaps 60 per cont in gold. As a result, tho whole Moxican trade went to the Moxican clties. Tho American trade fol- lowed it. Tho Texans soon discovared that they could got from G0 to 75 por cent more goods in exchange for their products on tho Moxican then on the American sido of the river, Thore was vo difliculty in getting these goods into tho United Statos, and tho smuggling which was onco general along tho whole border from tho United States into Mexico is now earried on mord extonsively by our own poople from Mexico into the United States. Tho merchants at Brownsvillo see thoir customers cross the river to deal at MMatamorss, Tho Mexican towns now do the trade for both sides of tho river, just as tho American towns did before tho establishment of tho Libro Zons, and coneequoently thera is s domand made on tho United States Government that it compol Mexico to abolish the freo belt—that is, to onnce o tariff, The member of Congress from that part of Toxas lays his grievance beforo Congress evory yoar, and the rascality of the Mexican Governmont receivos its aunual expos- uro, Mlexico, refusing to abolish tha Libre Zona, tho Anterican morchants alopg tho Rio Grando think that tho United Statea ought to declare war upon that Republic, and make it pry dam- nges to compousate the American morchants for tholoss of trade. Mr. Fish Las not, thus far, in- alined to war, but thero Is no knowing whon tho Seoretary of the Navy may doom it wiso to ox- pond $10,000,000 or 20,000,000 equipping & uavy to compel Mexico to enact a tariff ou the Rio Grande. On our Northern border, the Dominion of Canada offors for sale evory description of goods needed Ly our people at from 20 to 50 per cont chieaper than thoy can bo purchasod in tho United Btates, and the opportunity is largoly embracod by our peoplo. The Btato of Vermout furnishes the country ‘with tho author of the presont tariff, Vormont i nlways vehement ‘for protection to American industry, yot we suppose thore are fifty dollars’ worth of forelgn goods smug- gled sunuslly into Vormont frowm Canada to one dollar's worth that is smuggled into Toxas from Moxico. Though Vormont ls an inland State, she inclndes probably as large s body of oxpert amugglors as any State with au extonsive const. ‘When ono Governmont works itself up to thé point whore it can assume to diotate to other Governments tho managomont of its customs’ laws, wo snggoat that it bogin' with OCanada. Tho trade hotween tho Canadlan Provinces and this country la oxtonsive, and is largoly carried on by amugglers, If poor Moxico ju to bo com- pelled to lovy such & tax on hor own cltizone g will make Amerleans trade on their own side of tho rivor, wo do not #oe why we ought not also to broak up tho moro oxtenslve smuggling over tho Cauada border, by compelling the Dominlon to ralzo ite tarlft to tho same nousonsloal ratos a4 our owa, The mossnge of Gov, Mogos, of South Oaro« lins, which was kesd before the Assambly last waak, I8 not & vory clicorful or ancouraging dooumont. The bonded deht of tho State i1 ©15,861,627, concerning which ‘the Governor waya: *“The public funded debt of Bauth Caroe lina stands as the opprobrium of the Blate, and the dishonoring symbol of its. wholly violated fauth to its croditora, Taving discharged my of. flcinl duty in tho promiscs, I confido tho mattor to your Lonorable bodies, who alono possces the power to act authoritatively.” Iu addition tq this, the Tronsuror’s roport aliows a do. ficlonoy for the last flacal yonr of 640,923, The mnoxt important fenturs ot tho roport concorng thoe educational condition of the Btato, which Is almost as gloomy as the financlul showing. Tha Governor bas propared a gorios of statistical tables, showing that tha total sohool population of tho Stato fs 230,102, of which 84,076 aro whites sud 146,187 cole ored, The total school attendanco s 83,768, of whichh 87,218 aro whites and 46,635 colored; from which it would appear that only about oue« third of tho childten of tha Stato ara availing thiomeolvos of tho means of education, notwith. standing the compulsory attendanes required by the Btate Conetitution, ERSONAL, TIE CITY, Mr, Bam Packer, of tho Paciflo Hotel, was yous torday prosented with o mininturo paper po- licomun, to which wes attachea a card whicly rend, To Mr. Sam Parkor, tho chismpion de- tectivo of tho Paciflc Hotol.” The gift was in- tended ns & rocoguition of ‘his promptness in arresting o thiof in the hotol last Friday. Tt In vory soldom that & young lady's suddenly becoming demonted {s & mattor of congratula. tion to liorsol and immedinto frionds, but this rarg oceurrenco recontly took place, whon BMivs Genaviova Gridloy, of Now York City, assumed tho namo of tho lending member of the_wall- known short-hand flrm of thyis city, Mr. . IL. Demont, ‘thongh domonted by lor marriage, sho and tho Tucky Culcagosn nro now onjoying tho pleasuren of thoir honoymoon tour. MOTEL ARRIVALS, Zalmer House—J. A, Stucker, Little Rock: 4,G, Camoron, 8t. Loufs: Col. I, Forbes, Bur- lington ; John 'H, Sproull, Iliyois Central, itai rond, Now York; ‘Thoma IL. Swopo, St. Louia, . . . . Pacific llolel—Tho Hon. Mt Car- pontor, “Wisconsin; tho Uon, H. Sherwood, Cnruhn'i;, N. .; the Hom. I, Witnon, Iowa:; the Tlon. B. IV ‘Allen, Towa'; tho Hou. D, M, Kelly, Wisconsia ; A, D, Preubroy, Boston ; J. It. Casselbury, Ihil, adelphia. o .. . Sherman House—Ex-Gov. William R, Marehall, Minnosota ; Col, Lansiog Bounell, Milwaukeo; Gon. G. O, Sherma Washington, D, O.; the Hon. D, E. Little, Grand Ropids;_ Poter McArthur, Toronto: 3. B. Eaton, San Francisco. IN ORENERAL. Ex-Gov. Throckmorton, of Toxas, hag an ez~ collent chanco to bocome & Democratio Senator from that Stato. Julis Ward Howo, who i3 3 matron of many {enrn’ exporieuco, afirma that no womsan osn e villinut atior marriago, ‘Tho death {s announced from Paria of IM. Tdounrd Porrot, propriator and editor of the Ji dependence Delge from 1844 till 1856. To M. Per~ rot is duo tho lmparlnnhr‘ponlliun which that Jour- nal has acquired in tho European press. Tho appronching marriago of the Count de Bardi, son of the Duchest of” Parmn and nophew of tho Count do Chiambord, 10 the Princess Ma« rio, sister of Francis 1L, ox-King of 1ha Two Sicillcs, Is announcad. Robest 8, Halo, who distingnished himsolt in Congross, lost weok, by calling Wilson, of Indiaus, ' dirty dog,” hsa beon offered tho Judgeship of tho New York Court of Appeaky, left vacunt by the death of Judge Peckham. An Indian Princess, the Rance of Pertsb Singh, heir-apparent of the Mabarajah of Cash- more, died about six weeks ago in Indla of small-pox. The funoral procession was attended by 20,000 persons, and in accordanco with tko indoo cuatom tho body was burned, “Boss” Tweed does not wear the reguler Penitoutiary uniform. Tho Now York Uerald enys * Mo hog had & special snit mado of me terial difforont from any worn in the institution, beeauso there is no special uniform for misde- meanor prisonors.” Tho Rov, Mr. Vonable, who officiated at_tho marringo of Secretary of War Bolknap aud Mre. Bower, recoived €60 in gold for his services gllm:o ‘brand-new pieces, bearing the dato_of 873), besides his ecxpenses to and returning from Harrodeburg. Mr. V. officiated at the first marrlage of *tho bride about eight yeard since, The ages of notable persons now spoken of in Trance aro_as follows: Prosident MacMaloo, 65; Comte do Chambord, 53; Privco Louis Na- poloon, 18 ; Comto do Paris, 85; Duo do Char tres, J3; Duc de Nemours, 59 ; Prince de Join~ vill, 653 Duc d'Aumale, 61 : Prince Jerome Nae poloon, 61; M. Thiers, 76 M. Gambetta, 87. The Drooklyn (N. Y.) Union mays: “Ne- tintions aro ponding for tho_purchase of the Sdependent, of which Honry C. Bowon 1 editor and proprietor, by the owners of the Christiun at Work, of which the Rev. Dr. Talmnga ig editor, ‘Tho price askod is raid to be $500,000, aud thie price offcred $200,000,—a suflicient mar~ gin_for bargaiving. Should tho transfer be mado the two papers will bo consolidated under the name of the Independent.” The now French Ministor to the United States, Jean Francois Charles Bartholdy, has had 2 long diplomatic career. o is a lawyer by profession, but has sorved as transintor in_the Departmont of Forcign Aflairs, Becretary of the Legation to Botlin, Spacial Agent to Turin, Vieous, and Mex- ico, aud also as Soorotary to the French Embase gy at St. Petorsburg. o has boona zealous Touapartiat, but iy now, wo presume, & good ‘uough Ropublican for MoAalion's purposcs. The Congresaional Dircctory is now completed aud vendy for press. In maling up its bio- geuphical Betches of members tho tact has been dovoloped that about forty hold military or civil oflices in the lats Confoderacy, aud aléo that a considerablo numver, especially from the South, woro connocted with' the Froodmen's Bureau. ‘Tho Confederates have authorized a full stato- mont of their official relations with the Rebellion ; but thoso who hold positions in the Froedmen's DBurcsu_lnve, without excoption, indicated a desiro that no meution should be mado of that fact, Migs Jonnia Colling, who s not o theoretical but a practical assistant of poor working-iwomon, givos in u lotter to tho Boston Globe & curious bitof iuformation. Whis iy that the women who bavo rich relations havo s harder timo, & moro Uosporato strugglo, than othors, simply because thioy ave obliged to'keep out of sight, tho sus coptibilities of tho said relutions qui tender in proportion to tho longth of their bauk no- counfu. Sho instances tho caso of o nieco of a Unitod Statos Congrossman, who, applying for housework, was askod why her unclo dida't pro- vido for hor at Washington, snd avswered; @ Ilo oducated ono of my sisters, and sho is tho [poorest of ua all, hecauao shio cannot work.” o i THE UNION. A meeting of the Diroctors of the German Nowspapor Printing and Publishiog Com- ) pouy (Chiengo Daily Union) wes hold Wedunesday ovening at its offies, No. 12¢ South Franklin stvoet, tho follow- iug Direotora bewg prosous: Hermann Liob, Edward Rummel, Huns Horting, Goorgo Bra- ham, and August Schoffiausor, In the absence of Col. Aruo Voss, the Presidont of the Come pany, Gon, Hormaun Liob called the meeting to order, and stated that this special mooting had boou ‘called for the purpose of nccopting the rosignution of the old Board of Dirootors. The realgaation wus rond and sccopted. A motion was then mude and acceptad that thore bo Loro- aftor only thyeo Dircctors, instead of ninotaon, a8 hurotofore. An olootion of Diroctors was then hold, with tho tollowing result: Hormaun Liob, Edward Rummel, and Petor Hand. Tho newly-slocted Roard of Diraotors thon mot and eloctod the following ofticors : Hormann Liab, Prosident; Poter Iland, Vice-Presidont ; Edward Rummet, Secrotary and Troasirer. £lho editorial ataft of tho naper il Loroatter be ug follows : Casper Butz, Ohief Editor; IL Bindor, Associato Editor;° Josoph Greenbut, Gity Edteor ; Edward Rumiol, Maunging Editor. The Board of Dircotors enjoinod 3Mr. Rume mel, the Treasuror, to rny 10 palury to Mr, Buta unloss he performed adoquate gorvicod, T'he meoting thon adjourned. e — Tho Metropolitan Hotol ‘The proprietors anuouncs an informal opening Obslatrmne night, All ate welcomss, @, Gurdast & o, prapriviors,