Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 23, 1873, Page 8

8 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, OVEMBER 2 e o, ki Parts o n yonr at tho samo rato, . ‘Lo provout delay and mistakes, bo suro and give Tost OfF.co nddross tn full, Invluding State and Oounty, Tomittancos may bo mndo oithor by deaft, oxpross, Post ©OMco order, or in reglatorod loltais, At our rlsk. TENS O OLTY BUDRCRINENS, Dafls, deltvored, Bunday oxcoptod, 25 coute por wook Daily, aclisorod, Bunday fncludod, 30 e3uts por wook, Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison aud Dearborn-ats,, Chicago, Ith A TO-MORROW'S AMUSEMENTS. 'S THRATRE-] dolph streot, b Olar ant YaSatlor Lash, o Bomsakonsaooh Botwoon ACADRMY OF MUSIO~Halatod stroot, batswaon Mad- fgon and Moneoo. - Engagomont of tho Lydia Thompion Troupe, ** Bino Board." GLODE THRATRE~Dosplalnes stroot, liotwoan Mad. fnon and Washington, Kugngement of Harry Lindon, “Littlo Em'ly." v MYERS' OPERA-IOUSE—M l ¢ Dintuom and Bubtor Buctsrane of e ARt ot Lucoa" Minstroley nd Somioaliics, : UNION: PARK QONGRRGATIONAT, QIURON- Looturo by Dr. 3, G: Holland. ~ Bubjeat: **Tho Elo- ‘monte ol Porsonal Power. THIRD UNITARTAN ONUROI-Looturo by Robert PRttt Y BUSINESS NOTICES, HEADQUARTERS FOR BOYS' OLOTIING. DLL!NBQ.UIBI nd 186 Olark-st. 0. 0. © The Chitage @ffibuflé. SBunday Morning. November 23, 1873. THE VIRGINIUS AND THE ALATBAMA, There is & wild fury in cortain quartors as to tho Virginlus affelr, and & howling for war without referonco to provocation orintérnational Inw. Aloxandor H. Stophens, old and foeble, goos to Washington from Goorgia to ralse his volco for war, boesuso bothinks it will bo a bond of reunion botweon tho North and the South. B. 8. Cox, young aund vigorous, goos back to Congrosa from Now York with a set of eloquont rogolutions in his pocket, caloulated to firo tho | henrtof theDemocracy, Nowspapor editors from Baine to Florida havo put on their war-paint, aud aro cagor for the fray, To-day wo hear that tho Spaniards at Madrid aro roused to rosout- ment at the warlike front that Amorica prosents, and g0 our wrath g holghtenod aud intonsified. Tho noxt day comos tho nows that tho Virgintus was duly cloarod ns an Amorican vossol, and that hor papers woro * regular,” and it js immediato- 1y concluded that this was tho only point in dis- pute, and that wo now have the right to go abiond. Tho fact Is thnt wo nto gatting tho cap- ture of tho Virginius and the oxecution of Cnpt, Try and his crow and soveral othor things all mixed up. Itisnow beliovod at tho State Department that tho rogistry papors of the Virginius woro rogular, and (hat sho was caplurod on tho high sens whilo sailing a8 an Amorican vessel. If this turns ont to be true, wo do not seo that it affects tho presont status of the case. Tho papors of the Alabamn woro equally rogular, Bupposo a United Slates man-of-war had cap- tured tho Alabama somewhere on the high seas botween Liverpool and Madeira, on hor first voyago, does any ono supposo that Groat Britain would hiave demanded roparation? O, if Groat Britain hnd so far stultificd horsel? as to make such & demand, does any ono supposo that tho poople of tho Uuited Statos would havo rogarded it 88 worth tho papor it wae writton on? Tius Is the only way in which the people of the United Btates can put thomselves in the place of tho Spanieh pooplo. It is the only way in whick tho sentiment of the Spanish people can be properly judged, ThoAlabama was a Dritich ship, oleared in British wators, sailed undor a British flag, and carried o DBritish rogistry, so long s it suitod her purpose. Had we captured her in this con- dition, wo wonld havo scoutod any domand of tho Dritish Govornment for hor surrondor. It is true that wo would not have oxecuted all on boprd, our rules of humanity being of a diffor- ent and higher typo thau thosa of Spain; but this doos not altor the caso, and doos not ontor into tho presont question. The Virginiua ocon- pied toward the Ouban Rebels precisely thé samo position which tho Alabama, on first voysge, occupied toward tho American Robols, Though cleared under American popors, sho was filled out to cary contraband of war to the Cuban insurgents,— rms, smmunition, and Spanish subjects in ro- boilion against the Governmont. Lhe character of tho Virginius was woll understood in New" York, and equally well understood in Cuba, whero sho was awaited aliko by tho Spanish authorities and the insurgents, For thedepredations of tho Alobama, similarly fitted out in o British port, wa claimod damnges, and received 16,000,000, after an arbitration agreed upon by bothuations, becaugo Great Britajn did not uso due diligonco in stopping her whon notified of hor character, It is possible that Spain may bave a olnim againat usforallowingthe Virginius tossil from New York, but wo can hardly insiat upon & concossion from hor for capturing the Virginius, when wo usod our utmost ondenvora to intercopt tho Alabama bofora sho renchod the Tsland of Madolra, whoro she threw off hor disguisos, A The only perceptiblo differance botwaon thp Alabama oage and tho Virginius affair is that?tho | belligeronoy of the Amorican Robels had beon acknowledged, whilo that of tha Cuban Robels hns not been ackowledged. Failure to nccord bolligorent righis to the Cubans is our owa fault, if it bo a fault, and canuob now be pleaded to enbance the onormity of tho offenso committod* by Spain. I it bo the law that filibuatering vessole corry- ing aid to rebels not recognized as belligerouts cantiot bo molested on tho high sens, thon anou- tral Powor may alwags rosorvo to itecl! tho right of fitting out hostilo ships by rofusing to rocog- nizorobolany bolligeronts, and tho friends of Quba Libre lnvo boon gullty of a serious orror in clamoring forrecognition, Tho quostion of Liol- ligoronoy cvidontly cuts no figure in this cave, if tho Varginfus wau in fact o Robel ehip, salling undor tho Amorican flag, and with Amoriean papors morely as a cover and o fraud. t Qur casus belli {hus becomos reducod, a8 ox- Tresidont Woolsoy aays, to one of common hu- manity, in which England, France, snd Gor- many ought to tako tho same intorost ns tho United Btatos. Capt. F'ry, in his oloquent pro- tont on bohnlf of koo of his orow, mado a fow ‘hours heforo his donth, dwolt on the bardship of oapital punishment ns applied to blookade-run~ nors, ropresonting that no oxooution had oyor takon placo for this offonso, and claiming that o and his comrados woro lgnorantthat tho Bpan- fah Inw anthorlzodit, But, §f thin fs the Spanish Inw, sud the prisonors woro captured on & Robol ship, what right have wo as anation to undertake to annnl {t, except on the broad ground of hu~ manity? Uhe oxeoution of Capt. Fryand his hor | orow In nob the flrst, nor even an isolated, inatonce of tho bratallty brbatlty of Bpanisl warfaro. Olpor uatlons have beou oqually sav- ago at otbor timos, Itis mot worse than thio oxcoulion of tho Archbishop -of Paris nud ‘a number of priests undor tho Frouch Communo. Amoriea did not interfore thon, nor did England, nor Gormany. Capt, Fry and his follow-Amert- cana forfoited thelr rights as Amoriean citizons whon thoy jolnod the Cuban robels, and thoy becamo amenablo to Spanish Inw if approbended. It tho barbaritios practiced on Loth sidos in Cuba eall for tho netive intorferonco of clvilized unations, thonlot us, ss tho noarost noighbor, organize tho projeot, and call upon othor civil- ized nations to join fn auch nction. But lot ug not stultify ourselves 58 a nation by setting up domanda which we should not allow a forelgn nation to make upon us under similor clroum- atancos, : : THE FALL OF TWEED. Tho fato which has at last overtaken * Boss!’ Tweed is not only the logitimale soqnol to tho lifo which ho has lod, but it will sorvo to “ro- atoro confldonco " among many porsons who hiad bogun to doubt whothor thore was any superior- ity in virtuo over vico, and whether pinchbock might not be bottor than gold aftor all. Fato Lins moved slowly but vory suroly, and noarly all those who shared their ill-gotten gains with Twood havo paid the penalty, one way or anothe or. Fisk wont to his own placo at tho hands of tho nssnsein, and his momory oven has almost dropped Into obsourity. Btokes, his murdoeror, is in the Ponitontiary. Mansflold is & wan- doring barlot, whom onch yesr brings noarer to tho guttor. Barnard was impeached, ruined, and driven from tho Bonoh., Cardozo rosignod to'save himself from impoachmont. McCunh died of romorse for what he had done, and in terror of tho conseqnences, Ingorsoll is under srrost, and must soon tsko his trial. Onkey Hall has dropped from his Ligh position into uttor obsourity, Sweony has fled from Now York, and is living in rotiroment. Tho places which knew thom once shall know them nomore forover. Of all tho membors of this once poworful Ring, tho fall of Twaod has beon the most jm- prossive, Tho othors woro but satellites which rovolved about Lim. “He was intronchod bohind a forluno and power, which not only ho, but overy ono clse, mupposed to bo imprognable. His rotainors wore in evory public offico} fn Now York Olty; and so groat waa his strongth tlint, ovon after the proots of his vast koavery were piled up mountain high, ho_could still beat down the moral ole- monts of tho community and all othor oloments which wore antagonistic to him, and got Limself clcoted to tho Stato Sonato by » largo majority. Ho doomod himself 8o uuaseailable and sure in his position, with his control of politics and bis wondorfal. grasp on Wall streat, thet ho novor took the troublo- to deny tho acensations mado against him, but uniform- Iy asked is ncousera s * What ave you going to do nbout it ?” With his pald army of 16,000 rotainors and his captains in power, ho was the mastor of the ballot-box by force where it would aucceed, and by fraud whore it would not. Tho city and county officers nliko had to pay tributo to him, and no contractorcould obtain a job who did not provide for Tweed. In the financial world, his power wae equally grest. In Waly stroet, on Fisk's Black Frlday, overything was in confusion and uproar. Injunctions flow this way and that, liko s bunch of rockets nceidont- olly ignited. Tho wholo streot was demoralized, and operators wore goized with a sudden paraly- sis, bocauso * Boza® Twoed happoned to bo ab- gont from the city that day. ‘With hia clutchos upon tho ballot-box, upon tho courts, upon the Exlo Railway, upon tho city snd county offices, which paid him an pnoual tithe, and upon tho contractors, who had to pay him for thelr contracts, and with tho aid of his thousands of followers who stood roady to do hip bidding, whatover it might be, ho accumu- lated an immense fortuno, In his clogant Fifth avonuo mansion, ho lived in royal state upon tho monoy stolon from tho tax-payors ; but * what wore thoy to do about it?" e flaunted his gold and his diamonda in their faces, and rodo through the etreets of Now York in his dash- ing oquipago, moparch of all he surveyed, Emperor of Embexzlement and Princo of Plunder. When his dsughter was married, ho gave sn ontertalnment such as the Shah of Porsia might bavo given. Brldo and bridegroom woro showered with flowars, and pentls, and dia- monds, His retinuc of followors and others who wished to preserve his good will ndded to tho barbaric display with gold and silver, purplo and fine linen. Although the respeotable socioty of Now York wore not thero, tho respectable socloty wero paylng for the dazzling disploy. And what woro they going to do about it? Go to tho courts? Tho courts were Tweod's. To the polla? Tho ballot-boxes wora Twood's. To Wall streot? That was Twoeoed's, Appeal to tho Oity Government? That was filled’ with Tyaod's creatures, To overy chiarge, every ap- ponl, overy protost, came tho mocking answor: “What aro you going to do about it 7" Atlast, the oubragod community found what thoy woro goiug to do about it, snd did it. Thoy commonced apon tho creatures of Tweed, not upon Tweed himsolf, and, as ono aftor the other was overthrown, tho power of Tweed grow wealer and wonker. Stripped of his paid re- tainors, his speoculators, his corrupt Judgoes, his ballot-box-atuffors, and his dishonost contraot- ors, it was, at last, possiblo t0 reach the Ifend- Contro, and at last Lo too has boon hurled hesd- long. Convictod on some 200 counts, in an indictment " any ono of which demands impridonment in tho Ponitentiary, it is no wondor that his brazen countonance blanckod when the verdict was announced tobim. Itis possible yot that Tweod's monoy may save him from tho Penitentiary, But oven sliould that grosa outrago be porpotrated, it stitl romaing & fact of rocord that Twood is a conviet- od folon, Whatis ho going to do about it~ This groat Ring Iy at last complotely brokon. Those who aro not in their graves aro inthe Denitontiary. Thoso who aro not In the Peni- tontlary are in obscurity, What aro thoy going to do nbont {t? ‘The rocont death of Mrs, Crlo, in Boston, while undor tho influonco of snwsthetica during dontal treatmont, is now undergoing medionl in- vostigation, tho result of which will bo awaited with groat interest, At prosont it is impossible to atato just how far tho anwathotioa omployed caused her death, g tho dontist who was troat- ing Mrs, Orlo used a mixture of othor and chlo- roform, " Tho general opinion of tho profession for a long timo bas beon unfavorable to the uxe of ohloroform, from tho fact that it has many timos caused doath, whore o faial zosult conld mot in any way havo boon anticipated, and even when it was administored with great caution. On tho othor hand, it is clnimod that tho surgieal use of othor eannot bo fatal undor any airoumstancos, Tho mixture of tho two, In tuis inulanco, complicatea tho caso, bt stitl tho two numsthotios havo boon in udo long enough, and suMclont statintics hnve boon collectod, tosatisfactorlly dotormine thotr oftects. As this caso Iy in the hands of somo of o bost surgoons and medieal mon in tho country, thoir deoluion ouglit to sntiufactorily solvo tha prob- lom, i THE MAYOR'S BILL AND THE BPRINGIIZLD RING, . The Bpringflold papora are now threatoning that thoro shall bo no logislation for Chioago unloss Obicago pays tho taxes lovied on horto liquidato tho loonl debts of other municipalitios in tho Btate. Tho Regisier snys that tho Mayor's blll, which oxpires in Mareh, 1874, fs n propor bill in itself, and sooms ““to give no moro power (to the Mayor) than he neods, if he is to bo hold to tho responsibility which should proporly at- tach to the Chiof Excoutive of eo largo and Important o olty as Obhieago.” It thinks that tho Dbil might proporly bo ro-omsctod, but that Chicago can gob no legislation 6o long ns slio rofudes to submit to whatover tsxes’ tho Anditor and Board of Equslization may impose on bor, In othor words, tho knifois to bo hold to tho thront of Chioago to enforco the domand for paymont. What is it that is domanded, and to which this county objects ? . . Cortain towns, villages, and countios in thls Btato, somo yonrs ago, permitted thomsolves to bo seduced, or compolled by fraud, to iesue municipal bonds to bo paid over to cortain’ rail- rond compannios. Those bonds in tho nggro- gato amount to over $18,000,000. Of thia dobt, over olovon millions of dollara aro rocorded in tho Auditor's offico at Bpringfield. Thoso bonds, whotherhonestly or fraudulently obtained, woro given in exchango for oapital stock in tho railronds ; but tho railronds Laving boon mort- gagod away, or porpetually lensod, the stock is rondored valucloss, Tho aunualintorest on theso ‘bonds excoods amillion of dollars, and the peoplo of tho sovoral towns have gonorally assumod a tono of hoatillty, and somo have abaolutoly ro- fusod to pay any moro intorost on tho bonds. Tho bonds havo, thorofore, bocome * din- orodited, ond, ss might bo oxpected, the holdors had little expactation that a pooplo who would rofuso to pay tho interoat would ovon tako paing to poy. the prinoipal, nnd, thorefore, rightfully argued that, unless tho Stato nssumod tho dobt, the bonds would conse to have any valuo. Thoy, thoreforo, combined (holding $11,000,000 of bonds bearing an avorage rata of 9 por cont intorost) to obtaln indirectly what the Constitution directly prohibits. They in- volod the Grab law of 1869 ; tho Auditor order- od an incronsod assessmont, aud tho Board of Tqualzation transforred 160,000,000 of taxablo valuos from tho State at largo Lo Chicago, Tho law of tho] Btate authorlzod the Auditor to lovy such a rate of tax on the total valuntion of property in the Btato as would produca $1,000,000 for school purnoscs, and £2,600,000 for Btato purposes, All that he swns nuthorized to colloct was the aggregato of theso two sums, or 28,500,000, In nddition to theso sums, howovor, ho has lovied & rato of tax to ‘produco 84,820,805, Omitting tho spaciat lovy for gchools, ha has presontod a rato of tax for rov- onuo purposes which will produce 33,822,359, inatoad of tho £3,600,000 authorized by lasw, loaving on oxcoss of lovy of 1,132,853, Tho ‘purpose of tLis oxcosaive lovy of elovon hundred thousand dollars for rovenug is fraukly statod, and declared to bo to pay tho interest on tho moro than oloyon millions ot dollars of ocounty and town Donds is- sued in nid of milways. Of this $1,100,000 oxtra Loz loviod to pay tho intorest on thoso rail- road-aid bonds, Ohicago has to pay not only hor proportion upon the real valuation of her axablo property, but aleo upon tho$160,000,000 of oxtra velues transforred to hor tax-list. Chicago objocts to paying this tax on soveral grounds : 1, That it s illegal to lovy s tax for State purposes snd apply the money to any othor purposo,’ "2, That it is unjust, illegal, and unfair to tex Chicngo to pay tho intorost on thio municipal aobts of Springfield, Bloomington, sud Quincy. 8, That tho illogal, arbitrary, and unjust in’ croago of tho nseossmont of proporly in this county, by which 100 per cont was addod to tho tax, 18 such a doliberate discrimination againat Obiengo that subnussion to it now ia but to in- vito utill furtbor nggressions in tho future. For thego reagons, Chicago proposes to- pay no part of tho tax lovied for this ille- gal end untl the Courts shall say wo must, Bocauso e will not submib to bo taxed to pay tho Interost and principal on $11,000,000 of swindling bonds issuod by other municipalitics, and owned by & rlug of spooulators at Springfleld, wo aro now threat- enod, through the bondholders' organ, with prac- tical oxclusion from tho legislationof the.Btato. Lot us 800 Low wo como out! Perhaps tho peo- plo of 1llinois, who are in like mannor, thoughnot equally, swindled, will tamely submit to the in- solence of tho bondholding ring. Wo shall koo in duo timo, CHIOAGD TRADE, A ftow years ago, Cincinnati won the proud titto of “ Porkopolis," and thio residents of that quiot and plensent city grunted with supremo sntisfaction over tho distinction. Then 8t Louis grow ambitious and envious, and made lieroulenn efforts to clean out the Augean hog- pons of Cincinnati and set thom up on the banks of the Mississippi. Thon Konmns Oity put forth hor youthful onorglos, organized gigan- tiontookyards and slaughter-houses,and proposod to try conclusions with both Cincinnati and 8t. Louis, In tho moantime, Ohicago pursued the even tenor of its progressive way, and ono bright day, Kangas " City, Bt. Louis, snd Cinclnnati wake np to tho startiing reallzation that Ohi- ongo, in somo mystorious and surreptitious maunor, had captured noarly all tho bog in tho ‘Wost and Northwost, and was rapidly converting thom into pork with which to torrify tho Jows of Usmburg sund DBromen, into ba- con’ to dolight tho hoarts of iho Liver- pool draymon, and iato heme to feod tho gratoful poople of tho world from Rottor- dam to Vonozuela. This was tho condition of things before the panio, and the panlo mudo it worso than over, an far as Bt, Louis and Clnein- nntl aro concorned, Tho hogs of tho country made a porfeot stampodo for Chiongo, This city booamo tho Mocea of all porciuo pilgrimagen. Big hoga and littlo pigs, fat porkors and lonn, wholo familios of consorvativo swine, dosortod thelr moal-iroughs, ralsed thoir volcos, ourl od thelr taills, and migrated to Ohi- cogo. Tne TrinuNe of yesterdny gavo some atatlstios of thiz unparalloled marok of the pork tribe, For tho wool endiug yostorday, moro than double the numbor of hogs came in- to Obiengo that camo in tho corresponding wook of Inst yonr. In tho proceding four wooks, moro than 40 por cont s in tholast throo monthy, twlce aa many agin the ssmo throo months of 1871, and more than o third moro than i tho Bamo throo months of 1872, Tho tolal numbor of hogs that cnma to Ohlengo in tho yonr 1873 wag 8,483,526 1, tho rocolpts of this yoar will probably ronch balf & million movo; and it s intimated that Chleago Landles as mavy hogs now as Bt Louio and Oinolunati put togotlior. Tho now and forcible impotus given to tho bog-trado of Ohlesgo in tho vory midat of tho poulo was due to tho faot that this oitynlono waa ablo to furnleh tho nocossary fundsto handlo the stock. Obieago dld mot go mto tho lonn-cortifioato business, for' ono thing, ‘na did Oinolnnatt and Bt. Louls, and tho baoks woro always in a condition to advance money to tholr logitimate patrons, Tho Ohicago pork- packers, for another thing, hnd confidenco in tholr ability to handle the trade, and wont on to soll avon whon things looked bluest, thus malk- ing profita that onablod thom to socure money whorover it wad to be obtained. Moro than this, tho pork-packors of Ohicago mako a businoss of it, and do not allow funds to be diverfed into speculativo channcls at such times of tho yoar whon they aro not aotively engaged In packing. Last yoar, thoy had a capital of about $3,000,000 in tho business, and to this thoy eaddod last yoar's profits, which amounted to not loss thon 1,260,000, Tho rosult was that thoy atartod in this yoar with a bona flds capital of moro than €4,000,000, with the sdditional ad- vantago that it was available, while tho capital of othior citios .was not, Theso are some of tho ronsons why tho hog-trade of Chiongo inoronsed #o amazingly during thoe panio, whilo busincas of ovory kind was falling off elsowhere. - ‘ Tho incronso in Ohicago's hog-trade fs mot owing to any increass in hog-raising, but to tho divorsion of tlo trado from othor citics. Thiais attostod by tho fnot that, notwithstandivg tho stoady iucrease of - stook, tho prices have rison with eoqual uniformity. If the in- cronso’ of Chicogo's trade wore duo to o gouoral "incronso, tho. roverso would oceur, and prices would fall. Thero is no dangor but that Ohicago will bo able to retain allthe surplus of trade that hos como to ug since the panic set io. Aside from our central sdvaatages, and tho amplo facilities for handling and killing, tho hog-raisors of tho conntry now undorstand that tho money awaits thom in Chicago oven whon thoy oan got it nowhoro elso; and that Is the sort of city witli whick they profer to do businesa. ‘Whatover olso mey be eald about Capt, Fry, the commanding officor of tho ill-fated Vir- gintus, it must bo admitted that ho mot his fate &t tho hands of tho Spanish butchors like a brave-hearted gentloman. His domeanor under tho circumstancos sliows that thedays of Inight- ly gallautry aro not yot ontircly passed awsy. In hia Iast statomonts he has no regrets for his own fato, and wastos no timoin appealing for morcy for himsclf, Upon this point ho only Bays: e . ‘Tho Consul kmows well that Iam not pleading for my own lifo, I have ot prayed to God forit, nor evau to tho Dleased Mother, T havanoithor hotao or country,— victim of warand persccution, tho ave- nues to tho securiug of proporty bolug closed tomo to ouch o point that I have not been ablo to provido bread for my wifo and sevou children, who know what it is to suffor for the necesasries of lifo, My Iifo 1o ono of snfferlug, and I look upon whst Los Lappencd fo mo 284 benefit of God, and it Is not for me, thorofore, to ask favors of ony ono, Uttorly ignoring himself, his only solicitudo is for his erow, who have boon guilty of no offouac oxcopt of working for him In navigating his vos- 8ol, and boga thut his blood may bo sufiicient for thoge who hod no knowledge of the orime charg- cd upon thom, With any othors loss bratal thau tho Bpanish butchors, his appeal would Liave had influonce. In his own words, they would atleast Lavo idontificd tho victims whoni thoy wero about to pacrifice. But thoy wore shot, and ho mleo. Whothor ho wero guilty of a orime or not, "ho at loast died liko a brave man and s gontloman, without a singlo murmur, ploading with his Iast words for tho lives of othors, and commending ks soul to God. Buch instances of chivalric bravery and dinintorostednoss are too rare nowadays to pres unnoticed. —ee Oincinnatl i in trouble over her Public Library. Tho Librarian, Mr. Poolo, huving nc- copted tho office tondered him fn Chicago, tho question of appointing his successor became of importance. The Library Board nominated the Rov. Thomns Vickers. This nomination was communicated to the Board of Education to be confirmed, but was not soted on, In the mean- timo, thoroe 184 lively discuseion going on con- corning Mr. Vickers,~tho Gazlle and En- quirer both opposing and the Commer- cial supporting bhis momination, Mr. Vick- ors i concoded to be a man of great abillty, i a Loguist, and is futolloctually com- potont. Ho is, however, an extrome man in polomics, Ho is a Unitarian minister, and a little farther removed from Evangolical notions than the mnjority oven of his own soct. Ho led vigorously in tho war for the excluaion of the Biblo from tho public schools, and in tho com- pleto seoularization of the achools, . Ho is do- nounced by his opponents, and capeoially by tho roliglous press, as little battor than an atholst. Ho is supported by all those of liboral thoughts andfeolings who do not undorstand what o Libra- rian has to do, officially, with religlon, nor how -hig own opinjons on that mattor can affect tho proper dischargo of his duty fn roceiving, pre- sorving, and dolivering the books of a public library. Thero {s, howovar, & genoral rogret in Cinclunati ot tho ratirement of Mr. Poclo, — Trom the norihwostorn part of Iowa comos n cry of sufforing which ought to be heoded. A largo sottlomont of porsons, from various causos, flnd thomsolves, even thus carly in the sosson, in absoluto destitution. . These poople acttled upon homentoads, and are sufforing for want of bread, fuel, aud olothing, ItIs difioult for us to take In at once the ploturo of & community of pooplo porishing by starvation. In the rich abundanco of all kinds of food in tho Northwest, it doos soor atrango that any body of paople should die from want of broad. Yot suchis tho caso, No man will rofuso o dollar or & pound of moal to food theso perighing families in Towa. ‘Tho Baltimoro American atatos that the Low- Church poople of that olty rogrot oxcsedingly tho comso adopted by Bishop Cummins, while the Migh-Church party rejoico at the rotiromont of ono who novor geomed to rogard tho ministry of thofr Ohurch na any highor authority than that of non-Episcopal bodies. The samo papor states that tho rosignation of the Bishop is but part of. a sohomo dovised just prior to tho General Con- ventlon of the Ohureh in 1871, This scheme hiad forité object thoalteration of the prayer-book to bult tho extromq viows of tho Low Ohuoh: it furthor contomplated a nocossion from the Olhurch 08 500D a8 ono or more Bishopa would tako part thoroin, so 8 to sccuro the * Eplaco- ol Buceesaion,” which {8 doomoed, oven by tho Low-Clurchmen, as of groat importance. Ii s furthor statod, that Bishop Cumminy, ns long ngo ny 1871, appronchiod Dishop Mollvaluo, of Ollo, with thio proponition thn tho Bvavgelicals nhould wilhidraw from the Church’ and sol yip n now ccaloslastical organization, Though Bishop Mollvaino sympathized with the Evangolicals, and way considorad thelr londer, ho rofuscd {o give any countonnnco to tho veliomo, Anothor Tichborno caso hny doveloped itaolt in Parls, whiol, in its gonoral outlinos, ling n vory closo rosemblance to tho English cnse. Tho faots aro o8 follows : A woalthy widow of thot clty bnd n gon, who, aftor a long earcor of digsl- pation, ontered tho army, Ho dissppeared in 1870, and was not honrd of again until 1873, whon his mothor rocolved & lettor from an army officor informing her that a private soldier, who, trom papers in hls possossion, must bo hor son, Iind beon wounded in the hoad, taken prisonior, and sont to Prussia, Tho overjoyed mother sent. for Lior son, who roturned foarfully disfignrad and partially insano. His condition was so hoi- ¥iblo that sho failed to racognlzo him, and rofusod to rocelvo him, In this refusal sho was en- couraged by Lor nephews, who wore the noxt hoira to her immonso wealth, and who wont g0 far a8 to havo tho son arrested for forgery and false protenscs. Not boing complotely reatored to honlth, he was sent to sn insano asylum, whore ho rocovered completely, both in body and mind. Ho thon wrote to his mother, who camo to seo him. During tho interviow Lo mado known matters concerning his childhood which 1o ono olso could havo known, and which resulted in bis mothor's openly acknowledging him as hor son. Tho nophows, howover, ro- fusod to bolieve it, and havo continued the sult, which is now ponding in Paris, - —— ‘The rulo of 8an Francisco is, When you sco & Chinsman, hit him, and it sooms likely to be ndopted olsowhero a8 the pencoful and imperturbablo Asiatic malkes his way eastward, ‘Whon the consus of 1870 was taken, thoro wero only two Chiuamen found in Iilinols; now Ohicngo can poiut to cnough of them to run twontly laundnes, and roport an occaslonal in- stavco ot 8sn Francisco ‘“bouncing.” Yoator- dny, n Chinaman had the tomority to prosont o billto n coffeo-bouso koepor, and rocoived a bloody noso in consoquonco. A policoman was calted upon, but digdained to make an arrost of o whito man for simply pummoling o Chinn- man. Wa object to tho sproad of San Franciaco ruffanism in the treatmont of thieee poople, So far as Chicago is concorned, Chinsmen have shown thomeelves to bo na inoffoneive and poaconble as any race on tho globo, nnd thero is nolaw or custom which guarantecs immunity for abusing thom. Thero is no renson why rag- amufins should howl after them, or why tho gamtins should pelt them, or why compotitors in business should try to run them out, or why n oreditor should punch thoeir hoads if thoy daro to pregent a bill. Tho police must uuderstand that it ia thoir duty to protoot law-nbiding Chinamen a8 1ol a8 other peoplo. At Tast, Andy Johuson has discovered a mis- nlon inlifo, Ho g obtained o patent for a com- Dbiuation plano. The delails of tho patent havo not yot boon statod, but, us tho plano is a com- bination one, it is not altogethior impossible that lio may be able to swing round a oirele with it. FQOLS. ‘DY PROF, WILLIAM MATHEWS, OF THE UNIVERGITY OF OlICAGO. Bo tolcrant to fools.—arous Aurelius, Why is it that fools aro lnughod at, ovon by kind-hearted mon ? I8 not tho Inck of braing a. misfortuno to bo pitied rather than sneerod at by those who aro bottor endowed ?. Is intelleot~ unl doficioncy or doformity loss ontitlod to our commiseration than physical ? Pascal has an- wored theso questions in Lis usual neuto way. ** Wheuco in it," hongks, ‘‘ihat a lamo man does not offend us, whilo the crippled in mind docs offord us? * It is becauso the lame man acknowl- odgos tht wo walk straight ; whoreas tho crip- pled in mind maintain that it is wo who go lamo. Bt for this, wo should fool more cnmpassion for thom than rosontmont.” Tho samo profound thinker tolla us, however, in another place, that man is nocessarily o much of a fool, that it would be a spocios of folly not to bo & fool,—a comforting theory to tho stupid, for if wisdom is attainable only through foolishness, who is more to be con- gratulated than ho who hag scaled the dizziest ponks of folly, the fool par cxcellence ? Whatover may be tho resson, Wo confoss wo havo a kindly fooling for fools. Xiko Oharlos Lamb, we love to discover a stroak of folly in a man; wo vonorato an honest obliquity of undor-, standing. Tho moro laugbable blunderas a man commits in your company, tho moro tosts Le glvos you that ho fs not aly, snaky, and hypo- oritical—tlat ho is not, whilo whisporing honoyed words in your ear, playing some subtlo, troncher- ous game to overresch you. That fools aro Lappy boings, all will admit. It fs tho emply vossol that has » morry ring; the open eyo that weops. It is tho great fault of tho prosont ago that it is overwiso—that it is too traus- condentally eapiont for its own comfort. Wo sos- Iyzo our food, hunting for adultorations, il e almost dread to est for fear of being pois- oned. We put microscopes to our eyos, and can- not drink for fear of animalculos. Wo invosti- gnto and pry into tho foundations of our boliefs tilL wo becomo univorsal skoptics, and aro posi- tivo only that wo aro positivo of nothing, In- stoad of enjoyiug tho ewoot of lifo ns 1t comes up, and Guding n henrt to Inugh at tho bitter, wo aro continually racking our braius to provido for gomo futuro dreaded contingoncy, lotting the flower and quintossence of lifo escapo oro we ara, rondy to enjoy it. Wo avo always proparing for % rniny day,” or some onlamily that may broak upon ue liko & thundorbolt, It is oven rare to hoar any man laugh now-a-days, at loast with tho caroless, ringing laugh of folly; nobody givos cara to tho winds long enough for auch an out- ‘burat of merriment; overywhore wo find that tho happy, sbmplo-hosrted fool of oldon timos is extinot, and that the racoof calculators and cconomists have succooded, Tho schoolmastor in now abroad, and thora are faw pernous in thoge intongely intollectual dayas who sympathiso with gontlo Ellw's affection for tho fool. “I love s fool," says he, ** as naturally as if Twora Lith and kin to him. When o child, with childliko apprehonsions, that dived not bolow the surfaco of tho mattor, I rond those Parables,—uot guoss- ing at the Involved wisdom—I had moro yoarn- ings towards thnt almplo architect that built Lis ‘houso upon tho sand, than I entertuiuod for his moro cautious neighbor, I grudged at tho hard consure pronounced at tha quict soul that kopt hiatalont. . . . I neverlave made an ne- quaintanco since that lasted, or 8 friendsbip that angwored, with any that had not somo tiucturo ot tho absurd in thoir chwvactors. And take my word for this, roador, and kay a fool told b you, I you ploaso, that ho who liad not o diam of folly in his mixture, had pounds of muoh worso mattorin his compogition,” It may soem paradoxical to malntain ¢hat fools aro o blosslng to mocioty; but a littlo reflcotion will teroh us & larga churity for them—will show that they are cesontinl to ita vory existonco, Thoy aro tho oypliors of tho community, without which tho soclal problom could not be worked out. 1 ‘What, for exemplo, would bo tho rosult, if, whenover & now dootrino fu propounded in sal- enco, wo woro nll profound thinkers, capablo of traciug out all itw logleal consoquoncen? 'Tho world would bo in an upronr, and hurmony wonld bo an impoesibility, Why aro mon of sei- onco ofton Ao exceodingly nonaltive to somo ap- patently-unimportant atinok upon ons of thoir winor concluslons? Is it not hecauso they aro nceusiomod to logical mothous, and know that it you touch tho romotost outwork of thoir dootrine you sond n shock to the very con- tro of thoir systomu? *Bo horotical in tho most triling inference from mathomatioal Investi- gation, and it {a at onco ovident,” eays a writor, 1" that you must come into conflict with tho fun- domontal axfoms on which the whole selonce ro- poses, Woaroe tolorant only because woare stuptd, Wa allow tho enomy to opon somo very romoto ‘back door, becausa it ia so very small, and wo do not goo that wo have admitted him as offectually a8 if wo had flung tho main gates wido open. It wo biad only known in time how much trouble oarly physical inquirors wore bringing into the world, how many controvorsies thoy wore intro- duolng, what a biting acld thoy were pouring upon tho consolidated dootrines of ages, wo shonld have sprung upon them and strangled thom at their birth, Wo aro amazod that Ga- lileo should have beon porscouted for nasorting tho motion of thooarth; bus if his judgos had caught some dim glimpso of the harvost that was to apring from that lttlo sood of heresy, of the tromondous explosion that would follow whon tho spark liad fairly sot fire to tho train, they would havo trampled it out moro carofully than wo shonld try to chock the spoed of thomost deadly contaglon.” Ts it nol ovident, then, that wo live in poace with each other only because we aro stupld,—that, but for thia luoky fact, wo should bo burniug ovorybody who dlssgroed with us? Again, fools make tho best roformera. What would be the condition of the world, if it had no men of ono ides,—mon who view ovory subject from & singlo stand-polnt, and aro dominated by ono single purposs, rognrding all othors as trivial,—It {s easy to noe, Could we lift tho veil, and discorn sll the conscquences-of & singlo chango in the world’s constitution, wo should all bo consorvatives. It is mot tho men of broad and comprohonsive viston, whoso horizon of thought embraces many objeots and objections, that project and push through groat plans of ro- form. It ia the mole-eyed man, who has brooded ovor o singlo truth till it overshadows his wholo mental horizon, that makos tho best roformer, Buch n person is tormented by nono of tho doubts that istract and oripple tho profound thinkor. ‘Wasting no timo in deliboration, ho cuts the knots which hocannot untio, and, ovorleaping ol logic- al preliminarios, comos at onco to a conclusion: Havivg got hold of an ides, ho movor bothors his brajus with objoctions, but goos st onco to making prosolytes, .estisfiod that to procura its adoption is the one thing essential to insure tho millontiium, TFor oxarplo, his panacoa may bo vontilation; and, viewing all othor conceivablo things in its rolntions to ventilation, ho may bo content to spond hia lifo ke a miner, in con- tinual working at ono nairow ubterrancan gal- lory; but lie generally, by his porsistence, gains lis ond, and the world is beneiltod by bis toils. Again, fools aro sheolutoly nocossary to make soclety ondurable. Thero is o disposition in our duay to worship great men. Horo-worship, s, in- deod, the mania of tho age. Wo are in danger of being tyrannized over by clover men. A man of orratio talonts is called & gentus, and & hun- dred follies aud ovon vices aro excusod in him, whilo his honest neighbor who startlos socioty by no froake or extravagances, and can bonst only of good dongo, 18 smnored at as “aolow." Yot in the yast mejority of casos the man of brillinut talonts is infinitoly losa usoful than tho wan of common sonso. All tho groat dopart- ments of practical lifo aro filled with *slow and suro,” rather than with smartmon. Our bost morchants, statosmen, Generals, Judges, -aro plain mon, not mon of genius, God novor in- tondod that clevormen should monopolize overy- thing; o did not mako the world forlovormon only. Doubtless a cortain number of mon of genlus are nocossary to overy age and country. Thoy aro tho vory guano of tho exhausted Stato. DBut no sousible farmer thinks of smothering his “fiold with guano. Mako tho air all oxygen, and who could broathe it? Brilliant mon aro well enouglt occasionally,but who wanta to bo alivays atariug at pyrotochuica? Modiocrily is, aftor all, the best thing fn life. Tho tasteless com~ monplaces aro tho standards,—broad and wator, and good, dull, stoxdy people. To malo soofal intorcourso profitablo, thoro must ho an oportu- nity for porfoct rolaxntion. Tho grost charm of the best socloty is’ tho abscnco of all offort to sparltlo and astonish. Tho most wearisomo poo- vlo aro the Do Btaols aund “conversation- sharps,”. who aro alwaya saying brilliant things —who feel like Titus, *“I havo lost o momont!" if thoy suffor a fraction of time to pass unen- riched by o fine seying. Nothing tiros so soon a0 unvaried aprightliness, unshaded mirth, and Drillisnoy unrelioved. It 1s liko dining otornnlly off capsicum, pepporcorns, and jams. One woarios, as did the Fronch abbo, of tonjours per- driz. Wo would as soon lodgo ovor o powdor~ mogazing as live with,n man of gonlus. Wo would rathor iave wator than noctar for.a stoady drink,—bread and butter than ambroaia for our daily food. Innaturo tho.most useful things aro tho most common. Water, air, bread, aro chonp and plontiful. Loaves and grass are noither of crimson nor of gold color, but plain, sober greon, * Whon o boy,” éays n writer, #I ofton made flroworks. Once, in compounding o &ot of squibs, I forgot to mix up with tho posi- tivon of saltpotre and gunpowdor the nogative of poundod charcoal ; and, in firing thom of, onoh consisted of but ono oxploaion, bright, no doubt, but transiont also, and dangorous withal ; whilo tho squibs which were rightly mixed up wars both bright and sparkiing, too, and muoh more lasting ; bosides, thoy did not scorch mo. Dull mon are to society what oharconl s to squibs,” ( —— THE NATIONAL BANKRUPT LAW. The Banlkrupt law of England has existed sinco tho doya o Tfonry VIIL; nud thero a orude and imporfact statute at tho first has boon porfeated and adapled to tho wants of tho pooplo by sug- cossivo amendmonts, Frauco and Holland have laws vory similar in tholr -gonoral provisions to tho Inw of England. Almoat evory country—wo boliovo, ovary one in Europo—has its Bankrupt Iaw, the provisions boing as difforent as aro the other luws, mannors, snd customs of the diffor- eut conntrion, The Bunleupt law now in oporation in the United Statos was approved by tho Presidont March 2, 1867, aud went into operation, accord- ing toits provisions, on the 1st day of Juno, 1807, Tthas consequontly beon m operation longer thau suy previous law of o similar naturo in this country,—and porhaps. it Lss ' mow ronohod that porlod when it msey bo sald to bo fairly_on its trinl. Tho adjudications of tho courts having sottlod mauy doubtful quostions, sud ity leading prmeiplos being protty generally undoratood by tho commorcial community, wo may, therofors, oxnmine the law in tho light of HIX YEARS OF EXPERIENCE: and judielsl construction. Prior to 1809, dis- ohiargos wero fssuod to dobters in overy caso, rogardless of tho amount of assotm,~tho only bar to a diseharge being frand, actual or legal. Thoe voluntary proceedings duriug thia period had but lttlo influsnco on tho lawa or commur- olal oustons of tho country, A largo numbor of unfortunate debtors woro dischargod from thoir labilities. Many of thoso wora mon of largo businoss onpacity and oxporlonce. I'his capacity and oxporionco wero, by thelr dischargos, mudo available in businens chanuels, snd tho country probnbly rovolved moro bonoflt from this sourco than loss from tho cancelation of indobtednoess, ra probably not the one-bundreth part of the ontiro cancolod dobt would ovor have boon collectablo; and it is snfo to assumo that moro than this proportion will yab bo paid by tho dis- oharged debtora voluntarily, as thoy busomo ablo—many of thom atill considoring themaolves morally bound to pay. But tho provisions of tho Inw undor whioh those proceodings wora hind aro practically obsoloto, Dobtors may ulill bo dischorged from tholr dobte contracted prior to | Jan. 1, 1800, But most dobtu of this olnss hava boon long sines oancolod. A dobtor cunnot now bo dischnrgod without surrendoring to the Age siguco nusots at lenkt oqual to PIPTY PER ORNTUIL of tho debts proved againot his ostato, orsos ourlng tho writton nswont to Lis dirchargo of the majority in value aud numbor of his ereditors, As n mattor of faot, most honest dobtora do se- ouro tho nocossary asdont. Tho conditions now imposod upon a dobtor ascoking & disohargo aro foalr and ronsonablo; and thoy aro doubtloss modolod after tho provisions of tho Bankrupt laws of England and Holland, each of which, wo bolievo, contalns the 50 por contum provision, and roquiros tho assont of a cortain part In num= bor and amount of oroditors. Bo much for the provisiona of tho act relating to debtors. Bince 1809, ’ TRE OREDITOR OT.ASE hing boen most intorested fn the workings of tho 1aw, and it ia tho offoot upon the intorests of this class which wo will now consider. If tho oporation of tho presont law, with its imperfeotions, has beon bonoficlal, wo must con< clude that s pormanont Bankrupt law, amondod from timo to timo as oxperionco may suggest, is necossary to our highest commoreial proapority. The princlpal objeotion to the prosont law is ita oxponsivonoss—an objeotion for which thore i@ somo foundation, But even now this objection is mnot always woll ¢aken. Toko the oso 0f o trader In Chicago who fails to-dsy and {8 put into bonkiruptoy. Tho cost of tho bankruptoy procoodings only are' pald out of his catate, and tho balance in cqually divided among his creditors, Tako the samo ongo WITHOUT A DANKRUPT IAW, and supposing the trador to havo thirty or forty croditors—a number by no means uncommon evon in caso of small fatluros. As soon as tho moreantile agoncles roport a single suit against the debtor, overy otlior croditor bogine * tha reco of diligonco™ to seoure his olaim ; tho ro~ sult {8 & grost multiplicity of logal procoedings, cemannating probably from soveral difforent courta. A fow croditors inowr largo oxpensos and sccuro thelr claims in fall ; many others inour large ox- ponsos and socuro nothing whatovor; and we bo« liovo that tho ' eottloment™ of that debtor's affairs withont tho Bankrupt law must be vory considorably moro expansive to his croditors,— that I8, tho aggrogate of costs must bo greater than with tho settlomont under tho Bankrupt oat, and that the result must give far less gon~ oral eatisfaction, Buk wo caunob ostimato tho value of the Banlk~ rupt law to the commorcial intorests of the country from tho .actual proceedinga in courf alono, Tho numbor of oases i tho Dankruptey Oourts of the country has hoon comparatively fow, a3 compared with the numbor of failures, since 1869, Tho powor of its influonco has boon shown in PAOTLITATING SETTLEMENTH outside of any court, and withont oxponso. Oroditors, knowing that thoy conld securo no ads 'vantnge over each other, have, in the large mue Jority of cngos, boen willing to accopt from tho honost dobtor such sum as ho could afford to poy. Tho utility of o Bankrupt law has also beon most ocloacly shown during timos of groat excitomont and flnancial disturbancos resultivg from the great flres in Chi- cago nnd Boston, and from the rocont panic, ‘Wo boliovo that the oxistoneo of tho presont law Thas boon of Incaleutablo 1mportance to the oiti- zong of Chicago ; thot without suoh o law our morchiants would have boon unable to settle with: thoir craditors, £3 in many instancos somo cred« itor or creditors wonld have beon found whe wonld bave begun ‘‘the raco of diligonce® to soouro thoir clalms, in which raco thoy would, of courso, have been followod by other eroditora. And somo of our unfortuuato citizens, holding to tho principlo of commerainl honosty which provailed beforo the onactmens of the Bankrupt Iaw, and boiug unablo to pay all their creditors, ‘would have paid thogo in full to whom thoy were moro aspeciaily bound by tios of blood or friond= ship, Thts courso would bave rosulted in dis- satiataction among othor croditors. Anothor advantage which our citizons derived from the presont Inw was found in tho settlo- aont of the affairs of INBOLVENT INSURANCE COMPANIES, both thoso of Chicengo and of other citfes. Through tho infliiencoof tho Banlyupt law, en oqual distribution of tho aesots of manycom- panies in othor citios was socured without cost or oxponso of logal procoedings. Whero franda woro attompted the companies wora thrown into baukruptey, and s proper distribution compollod. In tho caso of our’ home companics, wo bolieve that, with possibly two or threo oxcoptions, no gonoral dividond would over havo boon paid to tho creditors of theso companios had no Bank~ Tupt law been in forco, With no law prohibiting proforoncos, what would an insurance company Pprobsbly havo paid whoso officers woro holding all the availablo ansots, whilo at tho same timo they woro large croditors, and Liad the disposition to pay thomselves, rogardioss of thoe intorosts of overy othor creditor?._Thosamoobservations, to a loss oxtent, may be applied to tho caso of the Boston fivo. DURING TITE RECENT PANIO, tho law most frequontly mentioned, and most confidontly rolicd upon for security by tho oraditora of susponded banks, was tho Bank- rupt law. Iis influonco was most salutary,— croditors overywhore knowing that an equal dis- tribution of tho assots of tho suspondod bauks in cnso of nctunl insolvenoy must bo made. 1lled it not boen for the existonco of such & law, the oxcitoment overywhore would have groatly in- cronsod, and what with preforentinl paymonts, assignmonts, mortgages, pledges, confessions of judgment, attachmonts, and tho many othor modos of procedire opon to tho willing dobtor or “diligent oreditor,” the condition of tha country must Laye boon most ‘unfortunato. Ag it wae, in most casos, creditors took no notion, knowing that any proforonces they might gain would be {akon from them, and debt= ors, from Jay Cooke down, DARED NOT PREFER ANYDODY, out of fear of bankruptoy. Upon the wholo, we boliove tho general sontimont of tho country favors o Bankrapt law similar to the one now in operation. A lnw embodying its loading prini- plos is nacessnry 08 a.proteotion toboth tha crodl- tor and dobtor cluss, na ins boon shown by our own oxparionco. In tho dotnils of ita operation it can be amondod and vimplified. Tho National Board of Trade did wellin glving tho subjoot ite caroful considoration, sud suggestingthe smond- meuts noceasary In the opinion of tho Board. Tiot Congrosa tako tho mattor in hand, consulk with somo of the londing Judgea of Courts of Bankruptey, and with prominent merohants and bankors, and mako such amondments ns Room necossary. - ¢ tho porlod of suspenalon woro longthoned, and tho debtor woro allowod to resuma puymont, say, within thitly days, all honest complaints abont the law boe fng injnricus to tho commercisl interosts, would conso. Tho difforonco botweon procood- ings in bankrupioy aud procoedings at law, in thelr offoct upon the crodit of tho debtor, is not voryapprecinblo, It croditor bo BUFFIOIENTLY IOSTILE to throw his dobtor into bankruptoy, he would coriainly bo sutllciontly lostite to tako logal prosoedings to colloct his dabt i€ thore wero uo Baukrupt law, As o mattor of courso, othor croditors woulddo the samo ; and if a dobtor, bo ko “infant manufacturer™ or other porson, suspoud payment of his commorctal obligations, and his oroditors bogin to sne, he hias ordinarily but one csenpo—ecithor ho must moke an nusign= mont or dood of composition, or ho munt allow bis oreditors to holp thomaolvas in the bost way they can, If ho dosire to make an honost aud Iafr sottlomont, the Baukeapl Inw will nsslst him, 1t, however, he dosira to profor his fricnds, or ta Perpotrato i frnud, the Baukrups low la an insuze mouutable logal obutuale, i