Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 12, 1873, Page 8

Fertinnees Oflices uaclur, e M segistorod luttar, nt onr AL 10 CITY KUBICRINCGS, ety delivered, unday excoptod, S cente per veol. Duaily, celiveaed, Bundny Included, Adieas TG TRIBY; Corner Maiizon atd Dencborn TO-MORROW'S AMUSEMENTS. '] THEATRE—Madleon atroct, botwao: P K e R HE I S, "4y Mannoring.t HOOLEY'S THEATRE—Iandolph stroot, Lotween OISR Yadatior "% Dormandon ™ % AOADEMY OF MUSIO—1Talsted straot, hiotwoon Mad. on i Aongoo. Engagomont of Robort MoWado. **Rip an nklo," MY RS OPLRA-1IIQUSE—Monran stroot, Dotwor carborn nnd Siato, ** Thomas Burlosyuo Uoncorte. Instrolsy aud comivalitie GLOBI THEATRE—Deaplaiuosstroet, botwaon Mad. Iron ' and Washington, Kogagemont of Littlo Noll. “*Fidelis, the Firo Waif." QUEEN'S OIROUS—Wabnsh avonuo, cornor Adams stroot,” Afternaon and ovening. STATE EXPOSITION—Lako-Shoro, foot of roct, N BUSINESS NOTICES. UST SORROEDER'S COOKTAIL BITTERS, LOU- taville, Ky. Vi A DOU LTS TOR BOYS OLOTIING. O, O, OOLLINS, 181 and 166 Clarkeat, CDUNVIL 0., ROY AL, TRTSH DISFILLERIES, B Fhalted k0Tt ot loldors of whinks 1n th I 7, . Th ol Irish whisky 13 recommonded by_the it progesdion 1h proforongo o Kraneh Drior, "Sup: D{’od\hlriflk!}:l’flllnfl; Unitod States Branch, 5{ Broad- ot., New York. . The Chicagy Tiibune, October 13, 1873. Sunday Morning, THE ROBBERY EXPLAINED, Tho {ax-grabbing act of the Legislaturo of 1869 {8 of such infamous purport that many persons #nil to comprehend its exact operations, and wo aro daily receiving roquests to oxplnin what it provides, This papor, at tho timo this act was ponding before the Legislaturo, opposed it, pointing out that the time would come when the holders of tho bonds wrung from tho peoplo would gcek, through the State officers, to make o raid on tho Stato Treasury. Gov. Palmer, in sotoing tuo bill, showed, In his mossage, its in- fustico and Ite dangors. fhe lnw provides that whenever any county, towiship, incorporated city, or town, ehall have created n debt to aid in tho construction of rafl- waye, it sball bo lawfal for ihe State Treasuror, opon recelving tho rovonue for each gear, to placo to tho crodit of such county, town, &c., in the Stato Tressury, nll tho State toxes collected and paid into tho Steto Treasury on tho incrensed valuation of tho taxablo property of eaid county, &e., over and abovo the amount of tha nssessment-roll of 1868, It further provides that all taxes col- Jected for all purposcs on tho assessmont of tho railronds for whose aid the debt was contracted ghall be placed by the State Treasurer to tho erodit of such county, &e. It is made the duly of the State Auditor to ascertain aunually amount of interent duo on such debts, and de- duet therefrum ity amount of monoyin the Trensury to the cvedit of such counties, towns, &¢., and shall notify the counties, &e., of tho amounty of tax neaded, if any. to raiso enough to pay said interest. For eight yoars the State Treasuror +.all apply the funds so colleoted to the payment of the intorest on such debts; after ‘hat time, and untit tho bonds are paid, thoy shall Lo applied to the paymont of tho principal 3£ #aid bouds, or to tholr purehass in tho open aarket at par. To understand tho operatious of this Iaw more istinctly, it should bo romembered that tho * ebts due by such counties, towns, &e., amount 3 $18,500,000, bearlng an averago intercst of 9 ar cent, and that the aggrogate assessmont of .snble property in tho Stato in 1803 wos only 475,377,104, 'I'he State valuation has been substantially tho . mo in 1869, 70, '71, and '72; the incroase over @ valuation of 1863 in tho counties and towns jng such dobts befug vory small. The conso- *' ence has been that, to meot tho curront in- ‘est on the debt, these countics, towns, &o., 7ohad to tax themselves in tbe aggregato 1 §1,100,000 annually. Soveral towns havo pped paying iutorost; the bonds generallyhave ¢ msinking in value, aud the wholo of them 1 threatoned with repudiation. These securi- s, many of them so {sinted with fraud aod 7al irregularities a8 to bo of very questionable ' idity at best, Lave been sclling anywhere m 50 to 70 conts on tho dollar. In another , i, with somo oxceptions, thoy would have ‘} on salling, porhaps, for 10 cents on the dollar speculators. 1n this emergouoy, theso hond- \ors procured o change of tactics at Spring- “+ild, wud tho Assessors of 1878, throughout tho |tete, wora ordered to veturn all proporty at ite ‘ull value. This order wau not oboyod litorally, iut was to tho extent that tho assessment for 1878 footedup $1,194,000,000, an incroase over that Lo 1868 of £710,000,000. The aescssmont of County in 1808 way £85,000,000; in 1878 it £141,000,000. No sooneyr had the State of Bqualintion aueabled than it re- d to add £141,000,000 to the assessment of _ounty, snd to tako tho same amount from sgossment of other counties. Having thus 1that this county should pay ono-fourth 8 whola tax of the State, tho Board con- Juded its arrangoments o tho full satisfaction f the bolders of the railroad-aid bonds, The .‘[ncucnl oporation of the law of 1809 is now to expericnced, and that operation s as follows : sal az.geesment of 1873 $1,200,000,000 fi:amu‘ul of 1568, 47,000,000 Increase of nsreesment over 1864, ,...§ 125,000,609 senced value of property fn 197, it sountics, towne, ke, owlinis raifroud-uld {debts, . sxeniee 8 600,000,000 + |mewscd, wdire of wrre in 160 .+ 100,000,000 +0 8 400,000,000 . Increarauver 1803, i'mhe Auditor, ostimating the ncoded revenuo .yl 1878, Auy, sv slx millions of dollars, will fix 3rate at 2¢ of 1 por cont, and will apportion 5 tox ag follows: aer cent on $%0,009,600 in counties owl o Ay 5 ruvenue on easo slnce 1833 $4,000,000 (rond=aied deut. 2,000,000 3 supply this doficioney an additional rato of or cout will luve to be levied on tho §800,~ * 300, which will produco tho rovonuo neoded apply that stolen from tho Stato to pay inter~ on tho rellroad-nid dobts, will be soon, thoreforo, that tho countios, i, aud clties which owe no rsilroud acht nnve to pay o tax of 3¢ por cont, whilo tuoso ng such dent will pay but g of 1 por cont on valuation of thoir proporty. other words, the counties, citles, and towns, which owe no part of such railrond-aid dobts will pay on the lovy of 1879 2,000,000 of tax to pay tho Intorost on tho ratlrond nid dobts and to areato s fund Lo pay tho princlpal of suoh dobt. Ifere, them, {8 the motive for increasing the nuswomsment of 1873 from £600,000, DD ko SLRO0N If the reader will e back to the wiateniont of tho law, ho will find that when thero Is monoy to tho crodit of any county, town, &o., in tho ‘Cronsury, thus obtalued, it will bo lnwful to nso tho samoto purchaso any of eald bonds nt par. With $18,500,000 of thoso bouds nfloat, and one- bialf of theso, perhaps, to bo litignted on tho ground of fraud aud ulggnllly in thelr issuo, with the interest on nearly all of them unpaid, thero is n promising field for speculation, Tho purchingor of half o million of them in 1878 at 40 conts on tho dollar, who can have them ro- deomod o your honee at par with all the back fn- terost, will mako & handsomo thing of it. 'ho shinro of this plunder which ia to bo taken from Chicago will bo, perhaps, half a million of dollars a yonr, which, with thomillion and & half takon from other countics, will pay tho wholo dobt, principal and interest, in about thirty yoars. The conspiracy botwoon the bondlolders and thoir confoderatos at Springfiold is to sccure tho paymont of tho principal and interest of theso bonds by a tax on tho countios owing no part thoreof, and, to mako the amo as unobjec- tionuble as porsible, to oxtort the larger hare of it from Obicago. —— “LAW AND ORDER " IN CHICAGO, Mr. 0. 0. Bonney, an active mombor of tho Committeo of Sovonty, publishes, in the current numbor of the Lakesida Monthly, devoted to the ~xomplification of local charncteriatics, & paper on Law and Ordor in Ohicago. '‘The papor is important at this time, for two ronsons: (1) beeauso it defines the charnctor snd purposes of the Luw-and-Order movomont, as conceived by its loaders; and (2) bocauso it &affords a fair opportunity to determine whother it 1a neceaunry or desirablo that the Committeo of Soventy, representing the Law-nnd-Ordor movemont, should bave a partisan organization in the coming municipal election. It is gonerally belioved that tho Commitice of Sovonty is the outgrowth of a citi- zens' movement inaugurated shoul & year ago, with the purpose of bringing a popular prossuvs to boar upon the courts and tho police for tho suppression of crime, whicl, at that particular time, had boen unusually ag- grossive and violent for a period of soveral weoks, Mr. Bonnoy corrects this impression by informing his rendors that tho Citizons’ Commit~ too disbauded. The presont Commiltee of Bov- enty wos appoluted to represent a rogular Law- and-Ordor soclety organized by 5 meating at tho TFirst Congregational Churel, which mooting was the yesult of two former meetings, one in tho Union Parlk Churck, on tho West Side, and one in Plymouth Church, on the South Side, that woro hold for tho purpose of ratifying and cele- brating the new Liquor Inw, which went into offect Julyl. The prosent Lasw-and-Ordor or~ ganization was, then, as Mr. Bouney says, tho result of & *gonaral mpulso on tho part of thoe order-loving oitizenato oxpresa the plensuro with which they behold the advent of n new era in resisting tho ovils resultiug from intempor- aueo,” The first groat stop in this now move-~ ment, as Mr. Bonuoy likewise ssys, was tho rocognition of tho fact that tho churches of Chicago are tha frucst represontatives of its power, its principles, ita purpores, and its lend-~ ing men,” Its polititul aim is indicatod by Mr. Bouney when ho siys that it etrives for * tho proteation of the sauctily of tho Sabbath, tho upholding of tho public morals, and the protee- tlon of the good order of soclety by tho polico powor of the State.” Before proceeding to the question whother it is well that tho Law-and-Order assoclation, thus defined, should take parlison action in tho coming municipal election, it is fair to take Mr. Dounoy's estimate of the governed classes of Chicago as & law-abiding peopto, Nr, Bonney holde that tho poople of Chicago aro casy to govorn, and, in proof of it, points to their good behavior during tho recont panio, to tho very few riots that have takon place in the wholo history of tho city, notwitbstauding tho rapid growth in population and many exciting ocensions ; and to the fact that only 118 out of 2,300 saloous failed to givo an immediato ad- Lioronce to thio order for closing tho saloous on Sunday, though tho ordinanco hiad not been en- forcad for several yoars, IHo 8 also of the apinion that thero is vory little antagonism of classes, much Jess, in fact, than in any other of our largo citica. In fact, Lo says “*tho peoplo of Chicngo aro tho most tolerant people in the world,” Ho goes so far as to hold thut tho stand- ard of publio morals is higher thau that of any othor Jarge city, and s high as that of most small towns, We Lavo no doubt that compata~ tivo statistics would confirm this gonoral asser- tion, Of the courts, ho snys with truth that thero is not ono among sll tho Judgea of tho Circuit, Buperlor, and County Courts, ‘‘whose porsonal, legal, and judicial character is mnot faitly above repronch.” Ho bears (1 Lighest testimony to the law-nbiding character of the peoplo of Chicago wheu Lo eays that their peacoable gnd orderly tendencios aro proserved rathor in spite of a bad system of mu- nicipnl government, with its [leresponsiblo Boards, than with tho aid and encournyemont of n good system and au oficlont polico. 1t i8 now o serious question for the Committeo of Soventy to decldo whothor there ia not dan- gor of gisturbing tho eminontly law-abiding character of tiw Chicngo people, so completoly rocognized by one of thoir Jending members, by the introduction of an issue into the muni- oipal olection based upon tomporaugo and #{he proteotion of tho Sabbath.” NMr, Bonney smays that the Law-and-Ordor Assogiation havo beon prompted to take partin the municipal cempaign by the convietion that ¢ there can bo no snccossful ro- action from ono gxtremo excopt to tho othier extrome,” ‘Mhat js to say, unloss the Committeo of Boventy sre pumecrically strong enough to carry out their oxiromo views om tho subject of tomperance and Sundsy ob- sorvance, #omo other party will carry oub oxtremo viows of o opposito sort. If this s & corroct viow, it becomews jmportant to know sanotity of the | whether tho Committeo of Bovgnty sre really able Lo gommand & majority vete for iheir ox- trome, Of gourse, opinlons witl diffor aa this point ¢}l effor tho eloction i held gnd tho vosult deciwrod. Mosuwhile, we haye our doubts whether fho publie aro propared to Indorse elther extrgmo Having now s higher atandard of morality and’ A more goneral obsorvauce of law and ordor than other citios, au Mr. Dounoy obsorves, is it well may oxoito a difforont fooling, and thus run the rink of throwing the Qovernniont fnto the hnnda of & dangorous nok of mon ? OMICAGD THIRTY-SIX YEARS AGO, We havo hoen luulod 8 capy of tha Chiloago American of Oot. 21, 1897, n Javgo nnd woll- printad sovon-colnmn papor, publishod by Wilt- lnm Btuart & Oo,, which aftor.!s nome Interosting glimpuos of lifo in Obleago thirty-six years ago. Asusunl, tho advortisomonts toll the lnvger part of tho story. Glanciug them over, it appears that Bucknor 8, Morrly and J. Young Scammon woro ab thnt timo nwsocinted in the practico of tho law; alio G. A, O, Doaumont and Mark Skinnor; Mossrs. Spring and Grant Goodrich ; and Tsano N, Arnold and 3L, D. Ogdon, all of whom aro yot living to read this para- graph, Joln B, Wright aud Nowhorry & Dola wore dolug a storage, forwarding, and commis- slon bueiness, Waltor 8. Gurneo was a general donlor in Bnddlos, bridles, Liarnoss, trunks, and valises, at the corner of Donrborn and Water strocts, J. A. Bmilh was in the fur busincss thon a8 now. . G. Loomis dealt in wholesale gracories, Stophion F. Galo Lept & book-storo, snd Muthill King was flourishing in the New York Olothing-Store, noxt to tho U'remont Mouse, and had o branch in Joliet, Dr. L. D. Boono was Secrotary of tho Obicago Marine and Firo Insurance Compuny, of which Josiah H. Breese was President. The Beorotary of tho Doard of Oanal Comminslonors advortiaes for proposals for worlk on the caunl from tho Suminit to Dosplaines, . O. Stono wns in tho grocory businges in partnorship with E. O. Braokett. Nows was - slow of dolivory then, the proceedings of Congress on Sopt. 27 having just come toband. The American was o Whig paper, 08 may be inferred from tho following oxtract: “T'ho Van Buren Romedy,” * Specia for the Of- {ico-Iolders ; Dauk Rags for tho Pooplo.” Tho Becrotary of the Treasury ean flud specio for mombers of Congross ; o offors to tho work- men employed by the Government the choico— to take paper or quit work!!l Such is Vau Buren Domocracy.” 'Tho Common Council mot *ab their new room, on Clark streot ; present, Ald. Bolles, Caton (uow Judgo Caton, of Ottawa), Goodhue, Hogan, Jackson, Pierce, Pearsons, Bherman, and Taylor.,” Their most important proceedinga were tho olection of Georgo Davis to flll the vacanoy in the oftico of the City Clerk oceasioned by tho absenco of I, N, Arnold; the fixing of o theatro licovse at $300 per aunum § & resolution that the Common Council would have nothing moro to do with tho paupers of tho city; and tho discussion of o proposition that Aldermen should perform the duties of Bircet Commissionor in onoh ward —a proposition which Ald. Goodhuo violontly opposed, a8 ho would not perform any work without pay. Mosers, I.berwood aud Me- Kouzio aunounce & reries of thentrienl por- formances “in the Old United Siatos Hotel, fitted up for tho purposo.” In the way of transportation, the Chicago steam pncket James Madison {8 anoounced for . regular trips to Buftulo; also, the packet Pepnsylvania for Green Day, “ico pe. Jitting.” Last, bubnot least, Edword II, Ruw Jdvertises o roward for tho roturn of his runaway boy, aud Williara Burmmers eautions the community aguinst his runaway wife, Susan Mortis, As compared with tho papers of to-day, tho Chicago dmiericqn would not bo called & groat newspapor; bub for the viltage of 1837 it was undoubtedly & great one, aud 3r. Gurnoe, for instance, sitting in the Qoor of his addlo aud whip-storo of a morming, ou the lookout for customers, probably read it with s mueh intorest as Lo will read Tue Tnis- oxe tlis morning. Sinco those davs, news- papors, Chicago, Mr. Gurnee, and all the other advertigorsof 1837 bave taken loug strides ahead, but itis pleasaut now and then to loolk back to tho small boginniugs. NEW PHASES OF THE SOCIAL PROBLERN. Anything whicl tonds to throw light upon the voxed question of tho rolntions of the zorvant- girl to her cmnployor, and vice versa, is of intorest, especinlly in these panicky ‘times. IIowever dificult i& may bo to eatablish these relations in an amicablo and mutually satisfactory manner, thero can be no doubt that the riddle may yet bo solved by patienco and persistont hammering away atit. Dot in this country and in England there have been recent movements in this diree- tion which are worlhy of attention, Wo have al- ready rocorded in theso columns the efforts of the Boston Bocinl Association to procure pure milk. It has now nlso turned its attention to romadying tho sorvant-girl difliculty, Attached to the Association is an organization culled the “ITouse-Servica Burenn,” which contemplates tho ostablislument of college for cookery, in which incfilciont sorvants may bo taught Low to cook and do other kinds of work. The colloge i to be founded upon tha bugis that If colleges for the etudy of the urts and kcionces and dovelop- mont of the brain aro necessary, then they aro still moro necessary for the promotion of the bost intoreets of tho stomach, upou which tho vitality of tho brain deponds. 'This is good, sound doctrine, however visionary the schomeo may scem to bo in its detnils, The permanent college s to be started in the country, and tho laboratory for cookory in Boston. There will al- 80 bo conaceted with tho cstablishmont a laun- dry, *“in ordor to avoid this kind of work in lhouses and tho consequont waste of buttons, linon, ofe., botweon Irish muscle aud Lard- wood wusbboard," ‘The munagors, in thoir prospectus, furthor oay: “Why can wo not reduce tho cost ns well as improve the quali- ty of proparad tablo food by purchusivg nt wholesalo rates flesh on the hoof, or freshly killed and full of moat-juices, at from 8 to 10 conts por pound, instead of dried flosh from the butchor's at from 90 to 40 conts por pound; aud by gaving in fuol and Inbor, by producing in large quantitios and allowing 1o wasto, feeding nud fatteniug pigs, chickens, &o., with the erumbs that fall from tho luboratory preparing-tables # The fundamontal principlos of the schiemo ara all right, but can they bo carrled ont? “'he thoorles aro vory protty, but ure thoy practical? Inve not the Bonton social roformors commone- od pt tho wrong ond of the movement? Ila puccess yould nccoswarily iuvolva the elimina- tlon of tho servunt-girl as a membor of tho body socinl. What thenp How i wocioty any beitor off, unless gome incans aro provided to educate socicty? Lo pro- posed Boston plan, it wseems to us, would wear p more promising aspeot if it set ont by educsting £ho employors instoad of the sorvants, I'ho English movemont Is of a difforent por $yro, and was dovelopod in a papor road boforo the Britgly Associution, which elicitod a long discussion, Tho papor was writton by o Mrs, to take tho risk of driviug off a consjderable portion of thoso who contributo to this happy- condition of things by moansof lssues which King, who advocated that the middle classes in towns should give up separate rosldencos, ** which aro failures,” and lodge in huge co-operative olubs or hotels, whoro nll that ocould bo done without sorvants should ba dono, and all servico should bo performed by women arriving in relnys of thrao—the firat to glean up, tho sccond to cools, and tho third to bo tho guurdiane of the night, 'Funt would, sho anyn, bo chenp in tho ond ; sorvanta living at { home would have time for tha plauo, and the misivess would bo muoh rolioved from inhor, ho London Speplator parly indorsos Lox flan, and sayn: Tho work of {hio ingo barracks called howsos in Vienna fs actually dono in that oy, each lousohold subscribing for sweoping, oleaning, cooking, and so on, though not, unfortunately, for thioso Annltary ar- Tangementa on which Mrs, King Inya slightly ridica- lous, though it may bo neceasary, stross, [Sho ia all wrong, 58 any doclor would toli hor, and Lior thoory ‘very ucarly kiltod tho Princo of Wales,) Tho elub nr- rangemont, howover, fs posaiblo ; nnd we bellovo that trainod fndoor sorvants, living nt home, cowld bo cro- ated 08 eastly na trainod conchmen, and would, in 80mo fow caecs, bomuch happier, while tho apparontly nonsonsleal rulo about tho mistrosaca’ Ignoranco in full of sound sonse, no sorvant Lolng worlh & holf- * ponny who noods moro than gonoral directious, or fa ovor “driven around. To this plan, however, thero aro many objoo- tlons, How s it posaiblo to provent the rolays of women from being carcloss, inefliciont, slov- anly, and {il-natured ? Wil tho modern Briton, who tnkos & pride in tho fact that his houeo is lis castle, over consent to such promiscuity as this? Will ho want to have his economles, and Lbis oxtravagauces, and his home secrots, known toa regiment of servants who aro doing worlk sll over his noighborhood? What would be- como of children subjected to relays of sorvants and nuracs by day and night? Thoe plan does not scom tous to offer much more comfort than the Boaton Cookery Colloge. Neanwhile, the Bpiritualists have taken up the matter 1n & very practical way. A recent num- bor of the London Afedium and Daybreak gives s long nccount of a banquet provided by tho spirits, who nctod as sorvants, sotting the tallo, londing it with food, and thea clearing it away. The entortainment consisted of tes, cako, and brend and butter, and wes given to o scloct parly at Sighbury Hill Park, Tho guesta ant in darke vess for Boma time, whilo the spirits were pitch- ing dishes about promiscuously, ono gentleman recelving o kottlo of boiling water without in- jury. Whon thoe gas was turned on, tho table was sot, and on it woro two cakes, n loaf of bread, two or three pounds of grapes, buttor, milk, 2 pondorous old tonpot, and thoe kottle of wator, Aftor an hour's fennting, the lights woro oxtinguished, and tho spirits clonred off the table in & twinkling. Whothor thoy washed tho dishes orsavod time by throwing thom out of the window, ia not related. Tho only drawback to the pleasures of the occasion was tho discov- ery that tho table-cloth was oxtemporized out of on old shoet. This episode offers & practical solution of the servani-gmrl question, If tho spirltu can cook, sot tables, and stand troat in this fashion, thoy can cortninly wash, and iron, and serub, and sweep. Thoy twould also bove tho advantage of boing quict. Thoy would meed mo wages, wonld mot bave to go out Thuradeys, nor ontertain suspicions young gentlomen in tho parlor. The pinno would bo safo from thoir thumping, and butchers’ bills would be unknown. As spirits ent only ambrosia, or, linving no stomachs, dou't ent anything, thsero wonld bo no wasto of victuals, and no furtive oxports of family groceries to ro- mote and mumorous cousing. Tho plan is an admirablo ono, but wo fear it is too good to bo true. Tho combined movemouts wa have men- tioned, howover, show progress, and inapiro the Lopo that somothing may yet be accomplished. If the v, irita solve the problem, thoy will make themeolves very populsr, to say tha least, snd will find thomselves in universal demand. DARWINISM AND THE EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE, Tho subject of Darwinism was brought up one day last week in the Evangelical Alliance now in sesgion in Now York, and was faitly mot by Dr. Dawson, or, as Lo is most commonly called, Principal Dawson, of Montroal. This gentlo- mou's remnrke on Darwiniem have o special importance, because they indicate how far an orthodox churchman of real sciontifio attain- ments may go in tho uew achiool of tho origin of species, and wuhoro ho must stop. Dr. Dawson is the only mombor of the Allionce, B0 far ns wo know, of apy assured position in the scientifio world, Tho circumstanco thet he was asked to deflno tho rolations of Darwinism and rovelation im- plies that his authority in sciontific as well as theologieal masters is fully recognized by the Conferenco, He is, in fact, a man of large learn- ing and distinguished attainments, Sir Charles Lyall, though e beliover in the Darwinian by- pothiowis, end Mr. Huxloy, though altogother lctorodox in bis philosophy, both sccord Dr. Daweon n high place in the geologi- enl resoarchos of Canada, and particularly commend bie origiual investigations of tho coal formation of Nova Scotin. Wo mention this to show that Dr. Dawson's view of Darwinism s not simply that of an orthodox Christinu, but of a squant of conuiderablo ominonco, Dr. Daweon makos & distinction bolwaon Dar- winism and the theory of Evolution, which aro commonly regarded as onoand the sume thing, T'he theory of Evolution, of which Iorbert Spen- cor is the apostle, is, that wo have cognizance of only two things in the universs, muotter and forco; that wo mnover find one with- out tho other; and that tho world, as wo know ft, is tho result of an undesigning, necessitous action of mattor and forco. In oth- er words, forco 18 nothing but a result of mat- tor, which rets in obedienco to all inherent law, and all the changos and varioties which we noto ave tho necossary rosults of this forco. Dar~ winism, Dr, Dawson thiuks, is quite another thing.\ It is an assumption that * upecles " aro tho rosult of “natural selection,” and of tho survival of the fittost” in thestrugglo for ox- istenco, While {hero are somo faota which go to show tho possibility of the origin of species in this way, Dr. Dawson thinks that Darwinism s not yot attained o solontiflo basls, and that, vegardod n# o system of philosoply, it is altogethor bad, If Dr. Dawson's definition of tho Bponcerien doctrino of Evolution iy correct, then Mr, Darwlu's thoory is cortaluly a departuro from it, though most of tho scientifio mon who havo given in their adhorenco to Darwin havo not found their new faith incompatible with Mr, Bponcor's toachings. In faot, it has beon claimad by Mr, Spencer’s pdmirers that ho is the parent and originator of what I8 now lnown na Darwinism. While Dr. Dawson admits that Mr, Darwin bns discovored and verified, to somo ox- tent, tlio differontiation’ of apeoles, ho donfos fhat ho hes over yob trmood his theory of ‘“natural soloction” smong tho difforont genera. By this, Dr, Daweon undoubt- solovtion” and & *purvival of the fittest" bavo edly moans that tho changes donoting “nntural’ not yot boon traced Lotwoon the genaral divis- fong of tho Mammal Ago, though thoy aro at~ tontod In tho progross of man, tho aps, oto., in thelr specifio davelopment. Ilo is thorofore ablo, without dolng injustico to his sclentifio obsorva~ tion, to docluro that tho assumption-that man Is tho product of the apa In contrary Lo the rovolut.on of the Sorlptures. It would bo remature to msk what positlon Dr. Dawson would tako if Mr, Datwin or his diselples should supply the '“missing links,” and domonstrato “* natural seloction " to bo & characteriatio of tho difforontiation mto gonora. i anawer to any sitoh suggostion as this would probably bo that the Darwinists will nover be nblo to do ft, whilo tho Dorwinists claim that thoy will Lo able to do it, and, in tho moantimo, assumo that o common origin of cortnln specios attosts a comrion origin of the various gonorn, such 88 man aud the apo. -Thus far, Dr. Dawaon can maintain that no eolontific facta have boon devoloped to disprovo tho cor- roctnoss of tho origin of man as revealed in the Bible, whatover may bo enid na to the period of timo man has oxiated upon tho carth. Tho position taken by Dr. Dawson in relation to tho Darwinian thoory is an ontirely enfo ono for orthodox Obristians who ate not disposed to make a genorsl denisl of all of Mr, Darwin's discoveries, It is much more roasonablo, and more in consonance with tho spirit of the ago, than to maintain, ez cathedra, that, whon soientific mon malke dis- covorles which do not apparently harmonizo with rovolntion, they must bo put down a8 infl- dols aud dangerous membors of socloty, NARC 8 AND BTIMULANTS, Wo bind oceaslon, last yoar, to notico the third Annual Report of the Mnssachusotts Board of Honlth, prepared by tho Chairman of tho Board, Honry I. Bowditeh, in which tho question of “Btimulants” was discussed nt considerable length, As the mattor scems to possess a ro- nowod interest at the prosent time, wo reproduce the article which wo then published ¢ Correspondonca bearing on the qacstion of stimulants bad boon eolicited from porsons at fifty-threo widely-soparated points upon the earth's surfaco, inoludiug each of thoe leading or more populous nations. Many of these wore tho Ministars and Consuls of our Government. In anslyzing theso, tho Board states its own con- cluslons, which aro to tho effect that the appo- tite for stimulanta is univorsal ; that its gratig- cation may bo curbed within healthy limits by tho sproad of moro intelligent views of the kinds of stimulants that ought to Do used, and tho circumstancos undor which, nnd oxtont to which, thoy may be used ; thntin Lot countrios or hot weather tho uso of alcohol is unuatural, and should bo avolded, whila the “nervines "—ton, . coffao, optum, hasheeals, and tho liko—aro and should bo subatituted ; that tho cultivation of the viue, and freo uso of wines, and Lo uso of ale are the influonees which, on & largo scalo, tond most to diminish intoication, and, ospeciatly, to lesson tho ernzy form of 1mtomporance, by substituting liquors that admit of but little adultera- tion, aud which satisfy tho appotito long bofors they intoxicate, for those of which tho emallest draught tends to intoxicate, and which tempt to vile adulterations that cruzo tho brain even more than alcobol ; that tho Southern and wine-producing cotntries of Europe have much less crimo as the result of eleoliol than the colder and more chavgeable climates of Northorn Europe and the United Btates, which drink ardent spirits that are from 60 to 60 por cent aleohiol; that all public bare for tho sale of spirits should bo suppressod, whilo thoso for tho salo of ales and wines should be permitted; that tho growth of na- tive wines should bo encouraged, and the du- ties on foreign light wines removed, so that the kinds of wine which aro favorable to bealth may bo chosp and abundsnt; those thnt narcotizo by the use of small quantities should bo sold only as poisons by druggists, on tho preseription of physiciavs; drunken- noss, and not the selling of liquor, should be puniehied as o crime ; but, where liquor {8 sold 80 a8 to produco drunkenuess, the sellor should bo obliged to support the drunkard and his fam- ily for somo specified time; dipsomania—the dopraved and uncontrollable thirat for drink— should be treated by coufinement in State Ine- brlato Asylums, of which threo or four ate at prosent needod for the State of Massachusotts, alter many yoars of oxperiment in the prohibito- ry line, Itisnot a littlo romarkable that the views of medical mon, and sciontiflo investiga- tora generally, are nob only in very general ac- cord with cach othar, but are in conttict, oqually, with the course of legislation, the views of phi- lanthropists, and tho customs of American so- cisty. ‘The vampire superstition hos once more re- vivod In Europo, and sooms to bo sproading, This supetstition—ono of tho strangest which has over afilicted the humau raco—is that a buried man or woman, with its life still con- soious, rises from its grave by night and suoks tho lifo-blood of its neavest velatives ; and, what in worso than this, overy porson bitten by tho yampiro also becomes a vrmpire, and is forevor doomed to follow thisdreadful vocation. Itisnow many yenra sinco anything has been henrd of tho superstition, but two or tbree law-suits re- contly decided in Prusaia show that Itis notdoad. Ono of thowo Lins just come to n close, after two yoars of wraugling. On the Gth of February, 1870, o Polish nobloman of tho name of Pobloki died in Wostern Prussia, A short iime after- ward, tho eldest son died slso. Immodiato- ly aftorwards, four mombors of tho fum- fly wore taken sick, and, upon consul- tation togothor, they decided that thoir father was tho vampiro ougngod in drinking thoir bloed. Ono of them therefore determined to apply s romady, which was, to bebead tho corpso, sud phico it mouth downward, This ho succcoded in doing by Lribiug the undortaker, Subsoquently, howover, the latter informed tho villago clergymun, and tho son of Poboloki was arrostod for descerating his fathor's grave. On tho trinl, it wne also shown that tho blood had been removed from tho body, and (hat the various mombors of the family drauk it, Afior iwo yours' wrungling, tho cnse was dis- missed upon the ground that no harm had been dono, and that tho acoused thought thoy woro acting in self-dofonso, Binco that timo, throe or four moro cagos of # 'similur naturo’ have been trlod, onding in acquittsl also, To crush out this horriblo euporstition, it will yot become nocossary for Germany to paes a luw against cannibalism—which of itsolf I8 & striking com- mont on ninotoenth-century civilization, A now organization has recently been formed in England, called Juvouile Temples, for pro- moting & hiealthy tono of morals among childron, “which s spreading rapidly and meoting with groab succoss, he Juvenilo Tomplo i o Good Tomplar Lodgo in miniaturo, consisting of not fowor than ton mombers, from 6 to 10 years of mgo. All mombors lave totako tho Tomple pledgo, which {s to abstain from all spir- Ituous and malt liquors, wine and eidor, to- bnceo, and all othor narcolics, gambling, and bad langungo. The Juvenile Temples have no seorot work, and visitors aro admittod by por- mission of the Buporintendent. Thero aro four- toon ofllcos, to which somo of the cbildren aro nppointed to nttend to tho Templo-work, It s statod that thore rro now 550 Tomploes, witha total memborship of 42,000, and the number ls rapldly fnorensin The manngors of tho Torrace-Garden Thoatre, in Now York, announced & grand saored concort lnat Bunday in which Mlle, Almeo and her entiro troupo nppenred in ** La Grando Duchosse,” Of courno it is very difficult to deflne exactly what is sacrod musio, Wo Liave hoard in the churches of this city Offonbnol’s musio ot to saored words, and thero is scarcely a Sunday on which musie of tho most socular sort is not given in this monnor. But the managors of tho theatre in quostion have carrlod tho sncrod-musioc business to the limits of the ridiculous. Thoro is no possible shindo of meaning in the English word “'sacred " which can apply to Offenbach's burlesques. Rather than dosecrato the word in this mauner, it would bo much moro dosirable for managers to announco their concorts as oxactly what thoy oro. Bo longag concorts are not prohibited on Bunday evenings, and 8o long aa roligioua poo- Dlo do not attend thom, thore seoms to bo no epo- olal reagon why tho word should be used at all, s FRENCH TRAITS. IV, BY PROF. WILLIAM MATHEWS, OF THX UNIVERSITY OF citicaao, fTho same qualities of mind which lead the Tronch to excel in logic rendor Inevitable their inforiority in pootry, capecially i tho high- ost forms of the art. Unrivaled in scientiflc precision, soaling with ease the dizziest posks of speculativo philosophy, they aro stricken with impotenco when they would sost to tho highor roglons of pootical or spiritusl thought, Tho highest quality of thoir tragio, a8 woll as of their epio, verso is an EXQUISITE AND DAZZLING RIETORIO. ZTancy it oxbibits in sbundance, but a sad lack of imagination, In tho long roll of thelr poots, from Malherbo to Lamartine, thore is not one who has givon ovidence of high creative powor; of that power which peoples tho oloments with fantastic forms, and fills the ecarth with unecarthly horoism, intel- ook and boauty; which gave us the ‘'In- forno” of Dante and Milton's vislon of hell, Sponcor's pataces and leunted woods, and Uns taming the forest lion bylher beauty, aud thoso wondrous croations of Bhakspearo, Titauin and Oberon, Ariel and Puck, and tho cloudy witchos of * Macbeth,” It lina boon justly said of the French tragedy that the dramatis persone are nok individusl agonts, acting and talking as their natures prompt thom; they are but so many aspects of the author himsolf,—vehicles for his oloquence, his wiadom or i wit, When wo road * Heary IV.," wo thin's only of Falstaf? ; when we read “ Androm- acho," we think only of Iacine. Honce, neither in the literaturo of the Fronch, nor in their familiar talk, do we meet with those ever-recwrring aflusions to the fictitions charactors of the natiooal stago which we meet with iu the conversation and literature of England. Bir Toby Bolch, and Shallow, and Dogberry, Unclo 'Toby, Tom Jones, Pickwick, Micawbor, and Becky Sharp, are oa real to us s any boings we jostle against in the street; but tho Kings and sages, the lackeys and chambermeids of the classical French thesatre are all * graduntes of the Car- tesian academy,—reasoners from whom, indoed, youlearn no fallacies, but associates from whom you eateh no inspiration.” Though France harsolf has londly denicd, yet all otber nations with one voice proclaim her in- foriority to her rivals in the realms of imagin- ativo art. What ono of her acatest modern critics Das gaid of tho Latin races generally is doubly truo of her, *Tho Latin racos,” says 3. Taine, ““show o decidod tosto for the oxtornal and docorative aspeot of things, for & pompous dis- ploy foeding the senses and vanity, for logical order, outward symmotry, and pleas- ing arrangoment ; in short, for form. The Ger- manic litoratures, on the contrary, are romantic; thelr principal sourco is the Edds, and tho an- ciont Sagns of tho North ; their grontost mastor- piece is the drama of Shakspeare, that is to eay, tho crudo and complete roprogentation of actual lifo, with all its atroclous, ignoble, and common- pluco dotaile, its sublime and brutal instinets, tho entira outgrowth of haman character displayod boforo us, now in a familiar atylo bordering on the telvial, and now pootio oven to lyricism, in- coherent, excesaivo, bul of incomparable force, and filling our souls twith the warm and palpitat- ing passion of which it is tho outery.” A Fronoh Homer, or Danto, or Cervantos, or Goetho, or Mitton, would bo an andmaly such as tho world bns pover seon, The very lauguagoe, moulded by the montal characted of a pooplo wanting dopth of scnsibility and grandour of Imagivation, I8 not & vebiclo for the higheast specios of poetry. So in music, sculpturo, and painting; o French Beothoven, Maudol, or Haydn,—n Fronch Raphael or Michacl Angelo would startle the world. Again, tho logical tastea of the Frenck oxplain the uatioual passion for ADSTRACT TDEAS, ¢ to tho dospotism of which their best writers ad- mit that thoy hinve always beon o prey, Doubte loss this passion hins hnd ite advantages. Giuzot claims, with justico, that soienco, praperly so called, has prospered more in Frauce than in England,—that politionl idons in tho former country, though less practical than in the lattos, have had a grander elovation and & more vigor- ous flight, It is unquestionably truo that in the revolutions of France ideas have almost iuvariably precedod action ; chnvges in dactrino have precedod changos iu ingtitutions; and, in the march of civilization, mind hag alweys led tio van. An able English wrlter,—Mr. John Morloy, in is lato worl on Voltalro,~justly emphasizes tho fact that, In France, absolutlsm in Oburch and Blato foll bofore tho sinewy genius of atark rongon, whila in England it foll before a respeoct for sooinl convenionce, protesting agamet mo- nopolies, bonevolencos, snd ship-monoy. In TFranco, he aays, spocnlation had penetrated over tho wholo fleld of sacial Inquiry beforo a singlo stop had boon taken towards application, while, in England, social prinolples were applied before thoy recived any kind of speoulative application. In Franco, tho most offectivo enomy of tho prin- olples of dospotism was Voltairo,—paot, phil- odopher, historlan, and oritio; in Englaud, a band of homely squires, Tho English writers, whothor on politica or philosoplhy, scldom dig down to the otornal grunite of flat priveiples; they raroly give tho fuudewental reason of things; thoy ave contont to hug thoir fuct, and honce aro as noted for thoir want of clovation of thought upon thooretical questions n4 for thoir steady good sense and practical abil- ity. Taine, in his notico of Addison, bitterly complaing that his morahity, thoroughly English, alwnys orawls among commonplaces, discovoring uo principles, making vo doductions, The Froncly, on the other hand, have boon engaged in o porpetual struggle to eacape from tho con- trol of facts, and to substitute thorefor somo idenl with which facts have bad nothing to do. Tor cighty yoars their thoughts have beou con- centrated on the ane purposeof finding that * ab- atract perfeotion of governmoent,' whicl, as an Inglish statosman hus #ald, * is not an-abjoot of Feasonable pursuit, hocause it 1a uot one of pou- slbleattalnmont ;¥ yet, with fair flold opon to them, thoy aro to-day no nearer tho realization of thelr ideals Lhan in 1702, Ever roady o ao~ oopt splondid phrases ns & substituto for plain gense and practical mensures, thoy are at ono tima'the sport of any demagogue who can veil ' hin solflsh ambition undor tha cant of * puro Idoas,” nnd at anothior the victima of any despot who may bo atrong enough tu trsmple the Idaol- oglets and tholy verbnl solouce undor bis faot. THE COMMONPLACES OF POLITICS in France, as Jobn Btunrt Mill hay justly ob- sorved, oro largo and sweoping practical maxims, from which, ns ultimalo promises, men reason downwards to particular appliontions, and this thoy call boing logical and consistont. ! For Instance, thoy aro perpotually arguing that such and such & moasure ought to be adopted, bocnuse it is consequonce of tho principlo on which the form of govorumont is founded,—of the prin- ciple of legitimacy, or tho principle of the sovorolgnty of the pooplo, Yo which it may bo answored that, if these bo really practieal principlos, they must rest upon spoculative grounds; the soveroignty of tho pouple (for ex- amplo) must be & right foundation for govern- mont, becsuse & government thus constituted . tonds to produco certain benoficial offocts, In~ nsmuch, however, a8 no government produces all possiblo bonoficlal affects, but sl are attond- od with more or fewer inconvonlencoes, and since theso cannot bo combated by moans drawn from tho vory causes which produco them, it would be ofton & much strongor recommendation of some practical arrangement that it doos mot follow from what is callod the genoral principlo of the government, than that it does. Under s govornment of logitimacy, tho proe sumption is far rathor in favor of institutiona of a popular origin; and in a demecracy, in favor of arrangements tonding to check the impotus of popular will. The line of argumentas tion 8o commonly mistaken in Franco for politi- cal philosophy tends to the practical conclusion that wo'should exert our utmost eofforts to age gravate, instond of alloviating, whatover oro tho charactoriatic imperfoctions of the systom of institutions which we prefer, or under which we happen to live.” TUA FRENON IDEALISM in government is woll characterized by Burke fn his memorablo skotch of tho ALbe Sleyes, “with bls nests of pigeon-loles full of constitutions, raudy-mede, ticketed, worted, and numborod ; sulted to ovory season and to every fanoy ; somo with tho top of the pattern at the bottom, and some with the bottom at the top ; somo plain, somo flowered; . . some with direotorios, others without direction; some ‘with councils of clders, and couneils of youngors, and some without any council at all; . . so that no constitution-fancior may go unsuited from his shop.” Yot deplorablo as woro tho final results of tho revolution which Sleyes and his confreres brought about, tho passsgo of this Red Bea was honorablo to the people, ovon if thoy did not at onco ontor the Promised Land, That n wholo nation should have Doen penetrated with a passion for puro renson, and an ardent desiro to have its proseriptions triamph, §a an extraordinary fact, whon wo consider how raroly puro reason moves the musses of men. While the French thus live in a world of ideas, the Englisb, on the other Land, have always hated abstract thought, and looked with suspiclon or contempt on all endoavors after acientitic acoura- cy in political questions or moral. Empitie, ox-~ perimontal—often bluudering, slways unsys- tematic—to-day slocping in coutented apathy, to-morrow waking with n panic start,—selt- contradictory and inconsistent,~now growling ot tho smallest hardship, now welcoming the most outragoous oppression,—now over- looking the growth of tho most fear ful evils, and swon watching tho slightest innovatious with microscoplo vigilanco,—at ouo timo iudignant, almost infuriated, if o criminal is barshly troated, or & pauper poorly fod, and then contemplating with stoleal indifference tho wretchodness of thousands— they have yet contrived to sdvance with giang strides in the path of material prospority, and with overy generation to socure a solid and last~ ing improvement {n their political condition, Tho legislation of England corresponds to this charactor of the peaple. Selfish it may bo, and unenlightoned ; often it betrays oxtremo nurrow= ness of vision, and incapucity for tuking broad wviows ; but it is alwags practical, and freo from all that ig visionary and fauciful. Au English legislator prefers A VERY LITTLE ATTATNABLE 000D to & vast amount that is barely possiblo of at- teinment ; an acre in Middlesex bho deoma bottor than o principality in Utopin, ‘Tho Houso of Com-~ mousis an ominently practienl body ; its membera hate rhetorio, aud aro florcoly intolerant of ab- stractions. Tine speoches thoy cough down; but facts—information—however nwhwardly communieated, thoy will listen to with the pa- tiouco of Job, TFor all ““ bunkwmn talk,"—Cfor all declamations about tho rights of man nnd the atornul fitnoss of things,—for all *“spread-cagle- i#m," iuvocations of the shades of IHumpdon and Sidnoy, and other such nonsonso,—they have an unmitigated contompt, Muny things which an American logialator would think it necessary to prove by syllogisms in Barbaraor Celareni, they take for granted, thus oconomizing timo and Juuge. Acts of Parliament aro often awkwardly drawn (and O'Conuell; doclared that ho could drivo & conch and four through any of thoro passed in his duy); they aro any- thing but models of stylo; but tloy gonorally hit tho griovance belwoon wind and water. Honce, a Fronch writer has justly seid of Lngland and his own country: “ L'Anglotorro veut lo pratiquo, et &' enfonco ; la Franco chercho l'ideo et 'y pord,” Notbing can be more superb than tho promptnosa with which tho English ignore their political doc- trines the moment thoy are found to bo incon- venient in practice. How long was the *divina right of Kings " proachod from Protoatant pul- pita l—yet the mowent Protestant Kings car- slod tho theory out into practice, tho genius of tho pooplo as readily extemporized a divine right of regicido and rovolution. ‘Tho national geniug of England, it has beon well obsorved, caves Tittl for abstract liberty, but it will defend its Tiberties to tho doath. It cares littlo for tho Tights of Man, but for the rights of English man, it will fight till from its bones the flosh bo hacked.” Swift long ago #aid that the Englishman s » political animal, tho Frenchman a sogis] animal; and the remark is truo fo thiv day. The Fronch aro alwnys discussing tho merits of difforous forms_of governmone, mmuuun{ considerod, wheou it ia avident that oyery form ling a relative, not an absolute value, Nothing inmore puerilo than to discuss tho theoretical advanlages of monnrehy, sristocracy, or republicanism. As well disciies the abstiact value of the costumes worn in difterout latitudos. Kheir worth de. pends, of sourse, 0N THE CLIMATE, # A1l tho Fronch Constitutfons,” nyaDe Maintre, “iuve beon imado for man, whon 1o wuch boiug oxivea; 1 have seon Fronchmon, Vaglishwoy, but nover man, oxcopt in some imuginsry elond- land,” Edmund Burke was & FDU(‘ type of the English mind, Again and again ho nflirms that in politica we ave concerned not with barron rights, but with dutios; not with absiract truth, but with n» shifting oxpedieucy, Tho iines of morality, he contends, aro not liko fdeal linos of muthematies, ‘Phey sdmit of oxceptions ; thoy dewand moditlentions, Ifa scorns tho argumont that Euglund s s right to tax hor Amoriean Colonies ; *‘so hos & man a right to shear o woll.” Again, of tho disting. tlons of vights, ho suya: “1 donot entor inta these motaphysleal distinctions : I hato tho very sound of them." Civoumstancod, ho nover thos of insikting, give {o overy politieal prinviplo ita distinguishing color aud discriminnting effect. Lot us hopo that the time may como whon the Englishmnan will prize idons more in polliies wmmug ceanibg to bo practical, and whon Tis mind, with abroader hospitality for foreign viows, will bo, in the benutiful luingungo of Bix- gon, **not an {sland out off from othor mon'n Jands, but a continout that Joius to them; " and when' the Fronchmnn, couvincod of the fruit~ lossnoss of abstract rights and abstraot ideals, yot surrondering nono of his love of pure truth Bhiall recognizo tho stubbornness of faots, and conso to waste a lifa of noblo purposes, lofty tdoas, aud Liorolo endurance, in abortive offorts to caryy out boucflcont schomoes againat an ixon aie tagoniam of ciroumatances aud conditions, e G