Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 25, 1873, Page 2

THE CHICAGO DAILY ‘I'RIBUNE: FRIDAY, JULY 25, 1873 THE FARMERS' MOVEMENT. Faots in Relation to tho Patrons of Husbandry in Iowa. What tho Order Mas Accowplished, Socially and ‘Pecuulnljl:)y. Results of Oo-operation in Buy- ing and Selling. Reduced Prices at Which Articies Are Now Offered to Granges. Feeling Towarils the Railroads and Chi- cngo Delers-~-Ifow tho Iliinols Rallrond Lnw Is Regarded. List of Grange-Agents, General and Local, From Our Otwen Correapondent . Drs Moxrs, Tows, July 23, 1873, On reconnt of ity central location, and of the advantagoes it offors in beiug the Capital of the Btato, tho . NEADQUARTERS OF THE JOWA STATE GRANOE of tho Patrons of Husbandry havo been estab- lished fu this clty. The Mastor, Mr. A, B. Smod- loy, resides ot Creseo, Iloward County; tho. Treanuror, Mr. M. L. Doviu, and tho Secrotary, Mr, William Duaue Wilaon, have their residouces and ofices hore. Tho Exocutive Committoo Is composod of tho following: A.B. Bmodloy, Crosco, Howard County; E, R. Shankland, Du-’ buquo; J. D, Whitman, Des Molnes (Biate Agont); 8. Simson, Rural, Linn County; M. Farrington, Denver, Browor County; Sponcor Dny, Marshalliown; O, H. P. Buchanan, Mt. Pleneant, Honry County. THE HECRETARY, DR, WILSON, is in conatant correspondenca with subordinnto Grangos, and knows moro about thoir condition than probably,any ono eleo. 1T is n vonerablo’ man, with silvored linir and benrd, and clainis to Do the firet porson initinted into the Order ac- cording to the coremony laid down in tho- ritual tirst adopted at Waebivgton in 1867. Io was then employed in tho Burean of Agriculture, and now publishes the Jotwa Zomestead, an agri- cultural weekly, which may bo rogarded ns o sort. of semi-ofticial organ of tho Patrons of Hus- Landry in this Stato. Ho talks vory intorosting- Iy about tho Oranges, and is quite entLusiastio over the success the Ordor bas alieady achieved and tho rapidity wilh which it is sproading aud dissominating itu idons, TIE ORDER b formed a homo and hebitalion in twenty-six 3tetes and Territories, and in twenty-ono Btates thero are Stato orgavizations. The numbor of Granges is roughly cstimated at 4,500, with an avorago memborship of 50, making & total mem- bership of 225,000. Tn Iows there aro 1,760, Grangoes,—an increase of 'ovor 1,000 sinco Jan. 1. I'ha average numbier of mowbers in each Grange in put at Gl,—n low estimato,—making o total memborship of 87,600, of whom one-fourth nro women, and young men botweon 18 and 21, leav- {ug an adult membership of 67,050, which may Do rogarded as the political or voting power of the organzetion in this Stato alone. SOCIALLY, the Order lias nccomplished much good. Here- toforo tho farmors, ospecially in the sparsely- sottled districts, know little or nothing of ench othor, eldom came in contact, wore withont the mental stimulant generated by the friction of mind against mind, and tho smaller amenities of life, and the socinl intercourse, which make up 10 much of man’s briet carecr, wore sadly lack- ing. Tho Grango brought thom togetber. It was cstablished for their benofit ; thoy gravitated townrds it; and soon tho cohesive power of mutual kindness, good will, and intorest bonnd Ihem togethor to promoto tho common welfare. The isolation and comparative solitude which pra- vailed go Inrgoly, and tonded to dry up the botter feoliugs of naturo, wore succcedod by a regular convening of the farmers aud their fam- ilioy at stated periods, rosulting in a botter un- Qerstanding of ench otlior, and in enlarged viows of men and things, Thorois, in consequence, more reading (tho consumption of various kinds of litoraturo ng incressed 25 por cont), moro diseussion, moro indopendent thinking. Im- provements will be gradually introduced into the social department of tho Order, rendering tho meatings attractivo and ontertaining, #o that, a8 tho dopartment grows older, it will also grow bottor, €O-OPERATION of tho members for their common benofit was avother object of the Grange. It hns boen mod- orately succossful. Mr. Wilson was not willing to sny more, becauso the Grangors have much to learn in their mauner of doing business, They lack promptnces in paymeont. Somotimes thoy aro distrustful of the Agent, and loth to confide their monoy in his hands. Theyhavoto learn to do businces on o cash basis, as the Order allows no purchases to bo made on crodit, Cash only is the infloxiblo rulo. ‘The Grangors some- times say they will pay for an articla when they ot it, but that won't do. Tho Agent must have 110 money to pay for it whon hio Luys it. ‘The credit-system los Leon so much in voguo among formors that it is hard to win them from its alluroments. To postpone tho dny of payment is & woakness not whally con- finod to_agriculturists, Tho operations of the: Agonts have not been go Iargo o8 they ave ox. pected to bo in tho futuro, becauro many of tho | Grangers havo bnd to apply whnt monoy thoy Tud to tho lquidation of outstanding liabilities. ‘Ansoon a8 @iose dobts aro peid, thoy will Liave moro rondy money to invest in the co-operativo - wystem. Tho Agent roceivos ordora from the Grangors for implements, grocerics, dry goods, Dootwand shocs, pianos—in Bhort, for anything nud everything thoy noad, and buys in bulk, the orinciplo being that tho more ho™ buya tho loss Lo piyd, 1t e iunt tho differonco botwson wholesalo and rolail. Thoy claim to purchaso at about the samo prico a4 country dealors, earning tho profits sbsorbed by middlemen, "whether dealers or agonts. Manufacturers write to Alr. Wilson that_thelr ngonoies cost thom from £95,000 to 60,000 annually, and thoy woro willing to raduco the_ prico of mnchines in proportion a4 they eould reduco their agencies Ly <elling direetly to Grangos., In some of tho vountry-towns thoro were too many stores for the popnlstion, When {ho Granges began to pureinse in lorgo quantitics, tho small donlera were forced out of businoss. Mr. Wilson raid they wore non-produccrs, and cked o bare lving out of conmnities on which they wore burdons, I'no dealera- who remained wero benefited by incronsed trudo, 08 tho Granges made it o rulg, as far s consistent with their intorest, to cuccurago home-merchants and homo-manufac- tures. Tho Agont first goes to the uoareut town, to sco if ho can onl thero on reasonsblo torms; if not, ho gaoio a largor town, until finally ho goes Lo Chicago for all lnrge purchnses. [n most cores, tho Btate Agont was intrusted with the larger tronsnctions, as ho recoived ordors for tho sumo kiud of goods from all the Grunges, and lought at wholesnlo, At the ontsot, whola: tnlo doulons and manufacturors in Chicugo, Mil- waukeo, and Kt. Lonia . NEFUBKD TO ARLL a wholosalo rates to Lhe: Graugen, on the ground Lt it would ruin thoir country customers ; but oventually_they dismountad “from tholr high Thotues, anid aro now very willing to solicit ordars and offer svecial inducoments to Grauges, Thoro uro Agonts of the Ordor in Chieago, looking aftor, its intorests, and watehing the markets, They hovo Agents ab tho Siock-Yards; and, by tha wray. obsesved My, Wilson, *‘he ratos chirged at thewo samo Siocl-Yards ava exorbitant and oppreswivo on the producer: Itis u clos corpo- rution,—a monapoly.” THE PERUENTAGFR RAVED, by tho Grangers, by purchasing Uirongh thofr Agents, may ho judgoed fram the following fig- ures, whichare ofticial 3 AEWING MAOUINES, No, 8, rognlar prico $50, 4 oltord Granges for. o, 0, regular prico $35, s offered G “anijes for. No. 7, regular prico§60, 18 offored Graugs for. No. ) regulur price 303, {8 offorad Granges for. Thoso aro the ratos for onomackino: tho namo | ¥rico §5, of tho manufacturors I am prohibited from pub- lishing. Following aro tho rates for anothormn- | chino : Prica §05, I offored Grangos for, . Trica $10, s offored Granass fox: Prive $73, Ia offercd Grangeh for. Prico 363, I oforod Gréngos for. i offorod Grangos for. . ~Catrospondiny vedrictions are pricad machos, OnaANS, A cortain organ-manufnctory offors to furnish Inntrumontu Lo Grangos at the following rates : No, 20, Granga prico $135, retal prico No, "0, Grango prico $158, rofafl pric No, 40, Granga prico $103, rotail pri No. 25, Grange prico $100, rotafl pri Grand'churel} organ, Grange prigo §100, { BOAL.ES, A ngont for n-cortnin acu\wm[’vflng furnish stook-onlos at. o discount of bl offors to R por cont, a8 follows : A-ton acale, with beam-box. detoni sealey without beam.| Tho portable or smaller sot discount of 833 por cont. T'wo othor eealo- maunufactoricn offer o discount of 26 por cont. ! VARIOUS IMPLEMENTS, An Illinols manufactory souds the following price-list, with Inducomonts for casl : > TOK-LIST, ‘Wagona .. . 100 ‘Wurahouse er No, h fau anid & 225 Bonlor farm sheller, with 8-foot elovator,... 200 Jualor do, Bix-horso power. Elght-lorso pawor, Combined "walidng Farmer's Fricud” Bulky ay-rako, ... Walking cultivstor, Lightning food-grinder, Littlo Giant stalk-outter. Beolch barrow, Field-rollor, One-hinndle rovoivin, Oliamplon hiny-carrie: Tlorso Lay-fork, Eaglo grafn-so 'DISCOUNTS FOR 0ABHI, On shellers and powers, Quwsgone.....o: n cultivators and hiay-4 3, ir cent oft 0n all oflior nxticlos s in 357 Dor cont o Another Ilinois firm ‘offera to furnish implo- mouts in sections of Jowa' whore they have no sgoucios, as follows: ‘We will send you ona of our 12-inck gangs for $75; T oTioga gn and oultivatoe comb E 2-ingh gang. and oultivator combined, $100; tall prico 16, He A 14-incl gang-plow $80 ; retall price$100, \ ‘A 14-inich gang und cultivator combined $106 ; retail prico$li, ~ - A l4-inch singlo plow $50; retadl prico $45, A 14-inch pluglo plov and ' eultivator combined 76 rolail prico $05, 3 i A 16-nch single plaw, with S-horso hitching arrange- mont, $56 3 retail price $70, 3 A 16-inch singlo plow sud cultivator combincd §80 § rotail prico $100, A nulky corn-cultivator $40 ; retail prico 845, A stalk-cuttor $45 ; rotail prico §55. (Ihonhove prico Hiicludos Iarge 15-inch rolling eastor, ‘cutlor, doubletrees, whifllotroes and nock-yoke, and S- borao 'hilching arrangomont for tho gang plow ; dn:lhlglrm aud neck-yoko for singlo plow and culti- wator) | - . An Towa, manufactory offers to deduct 830 por cent from' the rotail I;rlcns on stirring plows, casi-stool plows, iron land-side. contra-molee, iron land-side cast-steel molo, doublo shovols, singlo shovels, rolling coultors with clasp ; and 25 por cont_from tho rotedl prices of the follow-. ing:. Doublo cultivators, latest stylo, broaking plowa of all sizes, rotary hatrows, aad joint bar- rows. 16 per cent off 20 por cont oif Gy AMOWERSE, An ** Agticultural Works * at St, Louls offors to furnish o cortain stylo of mower at the follow- ing micu:l ’ i i 4-fogt cut, prico $110, with por-cont off $83. $3g-foot calt, prico $120," with per cout off $90, CORN-ANELLERS. offers to goll corn-ghollors as follows : —— “— aliellor, rotall prico $15, Graugo price §10.50. Doublo sheller, retail “prico $30, Grangs prico $21. Doubleshetlr and mowor, rotall prico 335, Grangs Prico $24.60. . 17y, et sholes rtal prico 325, Grango prico ——fron sheller, retall prico $15, Gravgo prico $10.50." ROAD-SCRAPERS ara offored by tho manufacturers with tho fol- lowing inducements : ¥ Bleel-bottom, 34-inch, with chain-bafl, round or aquare Eolnl, Totall prico$13; with per cant off 39, Btecl-bottom, §2-inch, with chaio-bail, round or square polnt, rotall prico $12,60; wita por cent off .76, Stocl-bottom, H0-Inch, with chatn-bafl, Tound or squaro point, retail prics §12 5 with por cent off $8.40, Iron-boltoin, 3d-inch, with chaiu-ball, round of square polut, Tetall prico $12: wilh per.cont off $3.40. Iron-bottom, 32-inch, With chuin-Lall,” round or sauare olut, folail prico $11.603 with per cont off Iron-bottom, 0-inch, with chain-bafl, round oF squaro_paint, retail prico $11;.with por ceut off $7.70. ithiont chilin, deduct $1, FAN-MILLS manufaotured in Wisconsin, aro offered at the following rates: ‘. No. 1 farm fau-mill, 34 Inchea wido, $30, 30 por cent off, No. 2 farm fan-mill, 23 inches wide, §28, 80 per cent oft, 2o, farm fan-mll 34 Inchos wids, §35, 30 por cent o Theno fans nro cach smprovod with ono wheat-bur-~ o, pue whest-creen, © L BOTLERS, An Tllinois _boiler-buildor oilers as follown : 25-gallon, wood, $18 ; with per cent off $21. i5-gullon, conl, $26 ; with per cont off $19.80, G0-galion, coal or wood, $40 ; with per cent off £30, 78-gslion, cosl or wood, $52; with por cent off §19, offers to furnish . PLOWS. lAn Towa.firm sends the [following prico-list of plowa: - No, 1, stirring, plain, §14; with per cent off $11.20, No, stirring, half-sitool land-plate, $16; with ber m?«”g‘:nmf" full-stest land-plato, $13 0. 3, slirring, full-steol land-pla ; with por R e atabite, allatea X dpl 1:' . P° 0. 4, stubblo, -5t land-pla 19§ wit] cont off $16.20, " - P AR} Yk o No. 6, aod, full-stoel land-plato, $20 ; with por cent off 210 8, grab fullatool land-plate, §24; with per cont off 31020, . All of the above plows aro thoroughly hardened, and mada of the bert refined steol, Tho' prica of No. 6 grb-plow includes cutter and fastening, Two dollars will be sddod to the sbovo st for donblo- shinned plows of the xaupoctive pumbers, oxcopt. Nos. and 2. A Qiscount of 20 per cent on above to the Granges, Tutent cultivators, $35 each ; 25 pur cent of $20,95, IN QENERAL. ‘Various manufactories offer special. induce- ments, such a8 10 or 15 por cent discount for cash. ' Behool-furniture, for instanco, i# offorod by wholesalo at 10 per cont off rotnil ratos, nn- Jous the purclhnso oxceoda §1,000, when 15 por cont is deducted, Trees nro offored at wholo- snlo ratos by bwo -nursory-mon ; and, in many branches of trado, thore ia strong compotition for tho custom. of the.Qravges. Woe to tho ngout or mantfactusor who misreprosents his goods, Ho is ostracized, and solls no moro to Urangos, A printed circular is sent round, stat- ing tbat tho Back-Acting, Million-Horse-Power, Break-Your-Nock Plows, for examplo, * are no longer recommended. Thoy are not up to thé standard of tho company's ropresentations.’ The Back-Acting arrangement is then honrd of 10 more on the plains of Iown. THE METIOD OF DISTRIDUTING tho articlos purchinced in quite simplo, If the Slato Agont does tho buying, and tho gaods are to bo distributed amoug oversl Granges, they como to this-placo by car-load, and from this contro aro forwarded to tho various destinations, whero thoy sre taken chargo of by’ tho Local Agout of {he’ Grange, by whom' they are putin the hands of the owners. When ono Grange purchados enough to fill a car, it is sont directly to n point most conveniont to tho Grango. . CO-OPERATION IN BELLING -his boon successful Lo o limited oxtent. In tho snlo of hogs, for instanco, tho farmors havo reapod some advantages, Tormerly o somi-ntid- dlamnn scoured the country, and bought a fow from ono farmor and a fow from anothier, until ho colloctod & drove, whon he took them to market, and sold thew to the packer at an ad- vaneo, Lho farmaers now dacling to soll to the middleman. ‘The Grango makos u‘p o drove, and thoy nro sold diract,—tho profit whiok tho mid- dloman pocketed being divided umml? the Grangera in proportion to the nuwmber of .pigs l.'OHh"i!bllled. Hometimes contracts havo .beon made in advance, A promineut packer told Alr. Wilion that it would not work; that, if tho farm- er way offered a fow couts more per hundred, ho would ignoro the contract mndo on his bolinlf by the Agout. ‘The puckor's prodiction was not veri- fied, I all casus, the Qrangors abided by iho contracty, .to tho gront astonishmont of tho pucltor, who was_ pleasantly disappointed, aud aunounced hig willingnoss to donl dircetly with tho Qranges, This ox- porionce gratiflod tho honds of the Order, who waro dubiouy about the exporiment, They are now sntisfled that the farmors sre mpmx? acquirs ing tho rudiments of u Lusiness-cdueation, sud that commoreial integrily nnd promptnosi’ will noon suporsedo the loose und thriftless mannor in which thoy huyvo been_accustomed to transact thoir businesa. Mueh, thoy concolva, has yob to Do dove to bring tho systemn of co-operntion to arfootion, It will bo & mattor of timo and pa- lonco; but, 80 far, tho results are encouraging, TiE AGGREGATE REAULT OF CO-OPERATION, Mr. Wilson ostimates tho amount savod to the farmors of Towa through tho instrutoninlity of the Grangoes, Aluco January, at from §1,500,000 to 2,000,000, Mr. Whitman rogards this cstimate 1 t00 high, but hag not atatistics’ from whick to mnke an oxaot statomont. It it a ono-half of thnt amount, tho enving has beon enormots, Por- baps 31,000,000 in mx catimiate. ' LA L. o nAILROADS A rotusod 40 grant apooinl_ratos on large quanti. then of froight cannignod to the Granges, whicli aro not railroad-pots by any meany, Whon ap- ;‘vllnntlon for ratos wa mndo to tho ronds,iit was “kindly recoived and partially promisod, but tho- romiso was nover fulflllod. The rnilroads hacked ont, and now decline to grant any fayors to the GI'IIIIFNI. though othor lnrgo shippors aro allowed roductions, ‘This makos the Uranges wrathy, and does not diminish thoir onmity to monopolies, Mr. Whitman, tho Btato Agent, snys that, in_othor rospocts, thoy. sro trontod with' courtesy and consideration by railrond- ‘offlelals, 110 citos 8o an oxXamplo, that o ear-lond of ' renpors ‘wns oxperot~ od :hora Inst Bnturdny, and o numbor of farmors who woro roady to out thoir grain woro In town with toama to ‘take tho machines homo ; bnt tho car did not arrive. Thoy wora uripasy and importunato, Mr, Whitman walted on’ MNr, ‘llnficc, Buperintondont of the Towh Divislon of tho Rook Iniand Road, and explainod how'mnttors stood.” Mr. Hoyco at onco tolo- graphed, and fouud that tha car had boen inad- vortently switched off at an intormodiatostation. o then ordored a spocial engine, which brought tho dar hore in doublo-quick time. Tho farmers got their machines, and wont on tholr way ro- oicing, ~ Tho farmora dlsavow any onmity ngninnt rallroads, but sny thoy must Selyaloant ritinitho poople, ' Tho frolghts from this Stato to Chicago eat up tho profils, nnd the producers sro disantlafied. Thoy are deteimined to do somothing in tho way of logisiation noxt wintor, U THE JLLINOIS RAILROAD-LAW {8 laughod at. The idea that Illinois can rogu- Into rates of frolght from Iowa s what smuscs Jowaus. Mr, Wilson hoped Iowa would not fmm such * g plaguy foolish law » ns wa9 Phnsod n Illmois, He wns nstonished at it. Thoy wonld lenrn somothing from it, howeyer. He had an iden that maximum rates could bo fixed; but, in that, Town can alko lenrn gomothing from Illinois. High and discriminating ‘ratos wore complainod of in Iowa. The feohug of tho peo- gln wag. rovolutionnry, If the rallroads of tho Lato Eumucfl for tho noxt five yoars tho -polioy thot charactorized the lnst fivo yoars, tho pro- ducing interests in Towa would bo prostrated. Bo #nid Nr. Wilson. That gontlemau was strongly projudiced afninat & OrI0AO. 0% % 0Ad0, 3 In Iows, hosald, tho grain-denlors of Chicago wora looked upon ns larpors. Whon thoy gob np corners or othor devices to disturb the mar- Kot, tho shock waa folt overywhors, and it took n long timo for tho vibration to conio and be for- gotton, Towa contribntod moro to the commorco of Chicago thau Illinois, espocially sinco tho now Tailrond-law took offact In tho IntlorStato, Tows had n right to. domand that Chicago merchants nud dealora should tront hor honestly. The poo- plo of Town would go to St. Louis if thoy could, but Chicago biad strotehed bor iron banda noross thio State and bound it to hor. If tho Illinoia | Railrond-law continucd, sud boto hard on Tows, they would goon find an outlot through Wiscon~ sin to tho, ke, and leave Chicago out in the cold. GRANGE AGENTS, Following is n list of the Agonts who transact businoss for the Order in this Stato: GRNIERAL AUEXTR, Stato Agent—J, D, Whitiosn ; addreas, Des Molnes, Stato Ageit ni Oblengo for thn nalo nnit purchaso of overything excopt stock—Ellfott, Roynolda & Co. Stato Grango Agents in Chicogo for tho sala of stock —Mnll, Fatterson & Co. - For Burlington & Missour! Raflroad—0. IT, P Buch- apan, Mt, Plosssnt, Obloago, Rock Isisnd & Pacific Raflrond—J. D, Whit- man, Dos bofuen, Northwestern Rallroad and Iowa Contral Raliroad— Bycucor Day, Marshalltown, nl{\ubnquo 4 Sioux Clty Nailroad—E, R. Shankiand, ubuquu, - : McGrogor & Wostorn Railroad—A, B. Bmedloy, Cros- ¢o, Howard County, T.OOAL AGENTS. M, Brantn, Agont for tho Patrous in Benton County, Big Grovo. Wi, Reninger, Agont for the Grauges of Plymonth Qounty, Lema; % A, Fllor, County. J. M. Wilkon, Agent for Orgnuization of Grangea in Marion Couuty, Dallas, Marlon County, > 0. D, Bocuis, Gonsral Agont for Waukon Grange, Watikon, Allamikee County. K Jonopl) ¥, Stovena, Agent for enle of Loga for Eagle ‘Banuer Grange, Sidhey, Fremont.County. ° J. 11. Chapradn, Agont for purchaso of agricultural fmplements for ' Wayno County, Corydon, Wayno Cotnty. v, Agont for Granges, Newlon, Jasper . Brown, Agent for salo of atock for Wayno County, Corydon, D, W. Priridlo, Businoss Agent for Wobator Counts, Fort Dodge, G. V. Swoaringer, General Corresponding Agent for Rising Siar Assoclation, Sidney, Fromout County. G, C. Mobler, Corrcabonding Agent, and Jainea E, Andorson, Gonoral Biipping Agent, for Toylor County ‘Asgociation, Bedford, Taylor County. Coun, Owen & Co., Grango Aswotistion Agants for tho salg of grain and other farin-products, aud for the purchuso ot ageleultural fmplements, Tmber, &2, Marengo, In Louiss Connty thero aro tho following agoncies : Al Morniug Sun, 7, Kineado Wapello, J. 8, Andrawa Columbun Junction, J. B, MecCormick; Lottsvill Tro, McCorklo, Tease Johusion, Brooks, Adama Connty, Genoral Agent for pitrchos, unies, and shipments, L. W. Babbitt, Council Bluffs, Goneral Agent for Grahiges in Lottawatomto County. ; 11, L, Childs, Correspondiug Agent for Exzcolsior @raigo, Rippoy, Greono County. - 8. &, Goldamiih, Agont for Cromwoll Union Associs- tion, Gromwall, Uhlon County. ¥. Kretchmer, Agent for boo-Eeopars! supplies, Co- burg, Moutgomory County, b Batou, Agent oF (ho Grangss fu. Winnaables jounty. : 'E. K. Sears, Agent for piirchasing sgriculinral im- pleruenits for Byringvalo Grango, Terry, Dallay County, Tu Codnr Coninty tho following named Agents act for Qrangoa o tho localities designated ; W, L, McCrosky, “Pipton; L, M, Bedell, Conterdalo; Bliaa Simpson, Clarenco; Muunger of “ Co-operativo 8tore, Wilton, 3uscatine County, , For {ho Grangea In Clstk County, James Wiley, Qiceals, . A. Trocman, Local Agent for Bcott County ¢ nlso, Acting General Agent for Esstern Iown Coutral Assos clalog, Davenpart, i D, W. Hixson, Becretary _and Purchasiog Agent for {ho Des Aolnes County Aknociation, 7, of 1., Burliug- ton. John G, Molyin, General Agent for the Granges of Yashfugton - Cotinly, West~ Chestor, Washington ounty. J, Higglos, Dusincss Agontfor Cherry Wood Grange, Maione, Clinton County, D, P, '0live, Agent for’ Granges in Kookuk County, Sigoarnoy, Alma Jackson, Agents for tho Patrons in Doeatar Caunty, Leon, Goorgs Adsms, Do Soto, Agent for Granges and parta of Granges fn tho Routh part of Dallas and north patt of adixon Counties, the mombors of which trade at Do Soto, & = uL. e e THE EVANSTON PUBLIC SCHOOLS. Evaswron, July 24, 1873, To the Fditor of The Chieago Tribune: Sm: Inotice in your issuo of this morning, undor tho hending “ Evanaton,” a statemont b & “protest” had been largoly signed in Evaus- ton ngninst, tho appointmont, by the Board of Education, of Mr. Haven to succeed Mr. Ray- mond ag Principal of the publio school. in this suburb, As ono of tho signors, and roprosont- ing, a8 I bollavo, many moro whomo names aro on the papor réferred fo, I wieh distinctly to-stalo that, if that Lo .the objoct of the papor cireulnted, it was not 8o roprosontod by the gentleman havingitin charge, Theidonconveyed to mo was, that the document was intended merely to oxpross confidoneo in Bfr. Raymond'a gonaral ability an an - ingtructor, and was no in- tonded to bo used for belligerent purposos, I gliould not-have ul[ined tho papor had T under- stood its purport and mission, for I am unequiv- ocally of opinion that the intorests of tlio public #chools in Evanston are #afor under the guid- anco of sich goutlomon 04 Modsrs, Bhuman, Millor, Blauchard, . 1itt, Wood, and Purington, whto compaso tlie Board of Education, than thoy wonldbo 1f loft to bo fought out on more fac- tional prineiploy. ———— WANTED---A CHEAP SRIOKE-BURNER. Tv the Editor of The Chicugo Tribune: Bin: Smoko, noxt to smoll, is tho greatest nuiunnigo which afllicts our city, One. cannot posw along o wtroat, or eros & bridgo or viaduct, without having to wada throngh {mmenso blaok clonds of villainous smoke, which not merely soils clothing aud distigares buildings, butin timo corrodos tho lungs, spoila the comploxion, and ruins thoe tempor, of evory man, woman, and child, Wors thore a Board of Publio Nulsauces, 1t could not possibly single out A nulsauco moro offensive to all classes of poople, to say nothing of & city's good looks, than the clouds” of filthy smoke which lusue from ava? tug, steamor, lo- comotive, und factory within tho city limits. This umolco-nuispco scoms uunocossary o mo, when the authorities could 80 casily abate it by roquiring tug-ownors aud othera {0 use another Kkind of fuel, or olso provido thomsolves with smoke-consnmors. P Sl A Y TUE BALLOON-VOYAGE. Bemwarienn, T, July 29, 1673, To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune: Bm: Al I have to say about the Transatlan- tie balloon-voyngo Is, that Wise is n fool, and Donnldson like-Wico. B, . tint tho bridg LA CROSSE BRIDGE. CONTROVERSY. e . % b Milwatilkes & 8, Pinl Railroad v, tho Seckotary of War. - . % P £ Building a Bridge “in_6pito of iho + . -0l Harry?” How: It Is Likely to Come Out. Correspondencd of The Chicago Tribuns, - - 3y LAOnosse, Wis., July 23,1679, THo collision botwaeen tlio peoplo of Lia Crosro’ .and tho Milwaukos & Bt. Paul Railrosd Conipany, was puticipated,” Tho troublo is about tho loca- tion of tho proposed bridge ovor tho' Misaisaippl River. The poople want it at La Crosse, bt the Railrond Company locato it ovor b milo nbrih of theolty. s RS Originally 1t was o 1ocal ‘fight; but tho parties siuco drawn Into it givo it o national importanco, Tho city authorities aro supported by the Socro- tary of War, the Govetnor of the Btats, and thio, Boutborn * Minnosota Railrond Company. Tho Bt. Paul Company has the quasi support of the Unitod Btates Attornoy Gonoral, 2 3 Tlio disputo is an old ono, It hogan soon af- tor Congross, In Fobruary, 1808, authorizod tho Bouthorn Minnosota Railrond” Company.to con- struot a bridgo * botween the Oty of LaCrosss nm! o point opposito, in the State of Minnesota.” ‘The consont of tho Liogislaturcs of Wiscongin and Minnosota had boon obtained the yoar provious. LaCrosso City voted $50,000 inbonds to help the railroad, and the bridge would lave boen -con- _struclod had not the Company gones into bank- ruptey. 'Tho rond is now in tho bhandsof a Re- colyer. For fourteon yonrs the Milwankeo & Bt. Paul Company have operated a railroad from Milwau-~ koo 'to Lo Orosse. - Two years #go tlioy pur- chaged tho River Road, from Ht. Paul to Winona, aud have sloco extonded it to La Croscont, nosrly opposito La Crosse. At this point thoy wish to Lridge the river, and P - CONNEQT WITH AIEIR LINE ¢ from Milwaukoo. Wero thoy enablod to d a0, + Ln Crosso’ ‘would- bo loft ont of tho 'throngh ‘route botween Inko Michigan and ' the ppcr Missispippl. In pursuanco of this plan, tho Bt. Paul Company sacured the {mmn 0 of an act of Congrens in ‘April, 1872, su- horizing thom to construct :and mintain .0 bridge noross tho rivor * at or nenr tho City of LaCrosse.” Tho only rostriction imposod was, should bo “built and locatad uudor and_subjoct to such regulations for the ancutity of tha navigation of said river, aa the Becrotary of War shall preseribo,” 'Phis logisln- .tion, was anked for {:{ difforont _companios, among them the Bt, Paul, which had tho advan- tngo’ of - boing - ropresonted in Congrons- by its- Prosident, $ho :Hon. ‘'Aloxandor Mitohell; On the 4th of Juno. following, suothor ‘act was passod, confirming tho suporvikory authority of, the Bocrotary of War over ** all bridges horonftor constructed across tho Misslsalpp River undor authorlty of ‘any ok of: Congrous; " and, in lo- cating them, thio Scorotary of: War was ' to: have " duo regard to tho seourity and convonienco of navigation, to convenienco of access, and to'the Xants.of alt railways and highways crossing sald sivor." ¢ ' Thus ompowered,” Bocrotary. Bolknap ap- pomted & ¢ TOARD 0T ENGINEEDS to ' oxamino - and ' delormine sito -for tho railway - bridge &t or near LnGrosse. The . Doord visited the locality, mado & thorough cxamination, snd listoned to tho arguments of the respective par- ting, and fixed upon a point for tho erection of tho bridge. 'Thelr seloction was not whoro tho citizous of La Crosso or tho Milwankes and ' Bt. Paul Company-desirad, but they afiirmed’ it was tho only place whera a bridge conld be construct- ed iz accordance with the terms of the law. Tho cilizons sccopted tho decision, but tho 8t. Paul Gampnufi nsmbnlml from it on' tho ground that, in thoir finding, the Board Lad beon govornod too much by o rogard for'tho roquiroments of oxisting highways. Tho Board wero again convenod, and instrocted to roviow thelr de- cision, and disrogard tho quostion’ of highways. A ro-exmmination and re-hearing of the case in-- duced the Board to re-affirm their former decis- ion. Whoroupon tho Railway Company carriod the oafio to Congross,.and asked pormission to boild the bridgo at thewr own ‘chosen location, After o full hearing before the Committees of mflmurn t‘ba‘ir otition was refusod. 4 ough foiled in avery attempt, tho Compan; would nat abondon, thale posttion, =~ Bypthz sid of & povarful Jobby they endeavorad to an suthority from tho last ' Logis~ aturo of - Wiscousln to construct thoir bridge at tho rojocted location. They claimed that the * . STRUGGLE FOR BUSINEES S betweon Chicago: and Bt. Paul was keonly con- tostod botwoon their Company and the Chicago & Northwestern, Both had through lines con= necting the two cltios.- Tho Northwestorn Lad tho advantago of its Winons Out-Off and tho bridge at Winona, It was, therefore, nssumoed to be unfair to compel the &t. Paul Company to o out of ita way'and run through the City of §aGronne, thoreby losing two hours’ timo. This viow the Logislaturs adopted, and passod tho bill ; but Gov. Washburn_vetocd it, and, his mossage dnformed the Logislature that the Tight to bridge thie Missisaippi River was voated in’ Congress, This advice was wasted on tho Lower House; but tho Bonato sustained the veto despita the urgont offorts of the most numorons and poworful lobby ever brought togother at Madisou. ' Yot tho Company wore not dispirited. Thoir Congressmn-Trosidont provailed upen the Sec- rotary of War to aak 5o < n proper ATTORNEY-GENERAY, WILLIANS for his construction of the law. 'This opinfon, givon in Jonusry, put su- otlior - nspoct. upon. tho - caso. . The Booretary was informod that kio had no more au- thority tolocate the bridge tlan he had to uitd 3¢ . His solo duty in tho matter was to yo- caivo tho plans of tho Compauy, and dotormino whethor they would fnferforo with tho naviga- tion of the river, and, if not, to ndopt- them. ~ If he had objoctions to thom, the Company ware to, havo opportunity to obvinfo them, - if - possiblo, and, if unable to romoyo thom' excopt by & chango of location, thon tho objoctions must. be overcome in that way: o 5o h Encouraged by this decision in their favor, an" attornoy of tho 8t. Paul Compnny askod Scerofary Belknap'a pormission to prosent o stutement {ualif ng thoir choico of loeation. « The ‘Becro- ary nllowod tho npplicant_ten daga, Nino days thoreaftor, Pronident Mitchell roquested thot o Tioatd of lixaminara bo convenad to re-oxawmina tho locality, and roport. | With this roquest, tha Bocretary i B8 20T LR Vel < REFUSED TO COMPLY 3 and, s8 no further communioation was ro- coived up to Julv.1, the Seorotary wroto Mr, Mitcholl that . tho decision, of " the _ Board af Lingineors, was approvod by tho War Depart- mont, and that.tho oaso was. closed.! v ‘040 8t. Paul Company,-howover, did not pro- oso Lo lot it rost thero, Thoy could not afford o do it, 'Thelr Board of Diractors, in May lnst, resolved to issuo 82,500,000 in Londs to provide funds for the conatruction of the bridgo, Theuo bonds are on tho market, and SOMETILING HAD TO IE DONE to make them salable. Proparations to build tho bridgo wero, mudo. Btouen were placed in tho rivor for foundations, At this stage, tho United Btatos authoritios .. iutorfered " with. tho progross of tho work,. After n timo, tho Company rosumod worlk. Contraols for the ‘masonry and - irgn-work wero lot to Chicogo pariles a fow days rince, and the avidont inlontion, was to conutruot the bridgo in dofianco of Socrotary Dolknap's (isapproval. Being. np[g‘xand of thoso movements, the oiti- yong of L Croado sot about counteraoting them. Phoir brbit had Loon to roly too much upon tha United Btatos Covornment's making tho fight, for thom. Thoy bad tho procedent of the Clin- ton bridgo, which was constructed despito the strong opposition lod by 1. I, Washburiio, Ifa compnny succoods in_building a bridgo and got- ting it iito use, the Government invariably ap- proves it. ‘The pooplo must, theroforo, TIQUT THRIN OWN DATTLE, They aroable to do it. Tiyory bridge is_moro orless an ohutruction to navigation, and it ¢ within tho provinee of any ownor of a boat rog- ulnrler running upon tho river to apply for nn in- Junction to rentrain the Company froin proceed- ing with the brlllfin, :Tho rumor s curront. that tho Secretary of War will order four gunboats to the soeno of action, two of which will bo nta- tionad ou each side of the river commanding tho site of tho proposed bridge, It ia more than likoly, howover, that tho prompt action of the Court will ronder such belligorent moasures un- ROCCRHE! , Meantime, n company haa boen formed of Now York capitallsts whoso " intention s to conetruct tho bridgo AT TUE LOCATION AFPROVED Y TUE BEQRETARY OF WAR, Their enginecrs aro upon the ground, and sre mnking surveys and ngwlflcnuonu. With thia company the Bouthern Minnesots Company has mando a contraot for tho transfer of ol its bual- .nonA-ncross tho rivots. Thili contract. haa beon rprnynd by tho Oourt. / Tho. fact that a ylold of rbout '4,000{000 bushola of whoat I fmmedintely tributary to this rond rendors tho transfor- contract :espqolally - valuablo, Tt s alo -oxpected , that' tho Chicago & Northwestorn Compnny, whoso Madison Extonsion will bo pushiod through the tunnela near Eparts noxt month, will oxtond. thoir lino from the Winona otit-oft) 4 milon, intd LaCronso, and thoro connact with' the Bouthern Minnosota over tho approved Dridgo, - " TAX. PLAIN WORDS FROJ A FREE-TRADER, _From a fortheoming tolunie, entitled “ Grains for the Grangers," Wo. assumo at tho start.that tho systom of fovento based upon Import-dutios, as a modo of indirect taxation, ought to bo the great floanclal rosourco of the Fodoral Govornment. 'Tho con- stant nagoclation {n tho mind of revenuo and tariff, howover, losds to o dogroo of conlnslon whichwe riust dispol'at onco by remomboring thnt thoy have-no natural: connaction, _ A tariff i but ono way “out’of " many of collacting a rovouuo, and our invostigation’ willbo greatly asgnisted for tho timo boing if wa put tho ques- tion of revenua quito out of sight. Wao aro thus Toft froe to consider tho- oporation: of dutien apart from tholr objoct, and to ascortain wheth- or they are useful in thomsclves, sud, if. not, why, and hovw far, thoy aro projudicial. L6t us supposo that thoro is nob o singlo ey striction upon traffio in tho whole world ; but & universal Froo, Trado, entiroly untrammolod, and' lott 'to overybody's wants and.caprices, It 18 plain that thoro would soon takeplacoa mytually bonoficial exchaugo of commoditics on | overy eido ; that Jabor wonld overywhoro bo ap- pliod {0 tho most” prodictive msuner; that the aggrogato of wealth would inorenso with greator rapldity, than upon any othor conditions, The advantagos of Froe Trado on a largo sealo aro complotely illustratod by thoso on's small one. Jf tho traffio of & Goumtry or Biato is most profit- able when freo, - 5o 1a -that of a. continent, or tho world, They aro both mado up of individual trananctions, difforing only in number and mag- nitude. :Trado I8 ohly exchango; mutunl bene- ‘fit is ita theory ; ats inducemont, mutual wants; and mutusl cupldity guards it upon-both sidos, This i8.truo of groat trajlos as woll a3 small oncs, and bf oxchangos mado across an ocosn as woll a8 across o countor. Whilo théso genoral views will n6t bo contradictod, thoy aro rogarded as mord obstructions, abd not at all applicablo to the dondition of affairson this planct, Wo must’ bring our hypotlioss; thoroforo, into moro prac- tiond limits, . ) W soparato Eogland ond Amorica from tho list' of ‘mations, -the ' tvo loading com- . morainl countries, and considor only their rela- tions to each other. W assumo that hithorto o oystém of Freo Trado has- provailod ‘between thom, until England, instigated by o nolay, do- Iunive desire to bo indopondont, concludes to mbandon to somo extont tho principles of freo- . dom, and to impose duties on imports coming from ' this: country, A diminotion of trafiic and its procceds is, of courso, tho result. Tarmed and stung by tho move- mont, we begin to inquré what wo shall " do. Thio ingenious empirio. auswors, “Why, lay o tariff and rotaliato; wo will girolect - oursolves, -and koop hor ont of our ports, as gho drivos us from hor own. Wo will thus neutralizo the harm, bring her to _torms, protect home-industry, and bo independont of forcign labor.” Itis this the- ory of reciprocal tariffs and protoctive duties hat wo wish first to considor, o lay an import-duty on somothing that can- not bo producod at.home is to raiso its price and diminisli.its consumption. If Inid upon some- thing which can jg prodnesd at homo; but only ot & groater cost than the imported articlo, tho dnty will not begin to oporatoas o “ protoction" until it oxceods, or at leastaquals, tho difforence botwoen the cost of the imported and homo pro- duction. When it goes boyond this difforonce, ‘all’ tho excess ‘i@ 80 much' protection. Whon . bocomes g0 grest that thero ja. no longer any inducement to import, and tho demana bas fallen with tho ca- Il‘rmfly of tho home-supply, or thnt ‘supply Las -been atimulated so au to oqual tho entiro do- mond, iportation coases, and tho duty bocomos a ]gahiblfion. Wo have, then, three “grades in tu& oporation of duties: the first, not sufficient- 1y high to furnish any protaction ot all; tho sec- ond, protactive, but not probibitory; and tho thurd, both proteotivo and probibitory.” It will bo sat- isfactory, perhaps, to considor such dutios a8 aro mora or less proteotiva; o class comrrahending nll-oxcopt uch ag aro morely nominal, or those imposed upon articles which can naithier be pro- duced; nor substitutes found for thom, at homo. What Intorosts aro oapabla-ol protection? Ii: jacloar that England cannot protact by dutios thé manufacture of iron, nor tho United Btates the cultivation of cotton, nor Ching that of ten. ‘'hoso’ aro oxporting_ intorosts, Lvory nation produces o surpius of somo things, in the nat- ural nppnunfiun of its industry, and suffers o doficioncy _of others, - To oqualize tlesa wonts ond oxcesses 8 -tho Ohive of commorce. Tho branch of idusiry which producen a surptus is ganerally tho load- ing bravicls, and tho intercats of the mojority sro {nvolved In its- prospority. Agriculturo is tho loading intorest of Americs, and manufactures of England. One or tho otlier. is tho lending in- torest of ‘evory great commorcinl nation ; unless it has a groat aur‘x;luu of somathing to ox- port, it msy Lo o groat, but not acommercial nn- tion. -Englond is 8 commorcial nation, becaugo it producos a surplis of manufacturos; America, because it raios. an_excoad of agricul- stural productions, Noarly all productive indus- try is_oithor ngricultural or manufacturing, using thaso torms in thoir Iargost donso tho fira applying to all tho labor cmployed in gotting. raw matorial from tho earth, and the second. to all tho labor spent in. modifying and, preparing such matarlal for cousumption, Commerce is auxiliary, and thrives upon tho brisknoss of ox- obanges and thosubdivision of Jabor. Tholeading. Intoroat of England corrosponds with tho secand- ary intorest of this_couniry, and ita secondary, w‘;{h our loading intorost, 'Wo have a surplus of ono kind, and sho of another. If, thon, sccording o ourhypothosis, England lays import-duties,up~ on what must thoy Lo luid ? ~ Upon the products of tho soll und tho raw matorizls produced from tho cerih, Tho offect of such duties is to pro- toot hor agriculturo, or socondary intorost; and to doproun lior manufaocturcs, or loading interost : Tirat, by subjoctivg tho consumption of faroign prodtictions to a tax oqual to tho duty lnid upon thom ; r -votection as ofliciont as so much boun- ty upan ..o nrticlos producod athomo. Socond, by reducing the _caproity to buy of tho forign purchesors, upon whoso custom doponds thio rospority of the oxporting intorost, . Iv would Pavaa tyo-fold affock upon Amerigs alio : First, to Injuro our agricultural, or leading intorest ; socond, to alimulate our secoud, or manufactur~ ing intoroat. . Tho injury to tho one would bo 100 result of its partinl oxclusion from fho mar- kets. of Englaud by tho duty imd to. protoot tho correspondiug intarest, thora; and o bono- fit to tho othor wonld arise from the formor be- ing thus ‘compellad to soll & largor proporiion of ita produce and to buy a largor proporiion of ity wares and {abric rt homo, Tho consequongo, therefore, of a tariff in one country alane, na far #4 it I8 protoctive, in to injurc corinin inlorosts, and to stimulate oliors in'each country ; nnd tho intorest proteoled In ono iy projudiced m iho othor, and vico vorsn, 5 y ‘We iow oxamine tho rociprocal or rotallatory tariff, which wo aro supposad lo adopt by way of ramedy. As before vomurkad, o cannot, b taxing imporls, protect our. exporling or agri- cultural intorost; which, doponding for prospor- ity upon tho foreign domnud, nocks only fres ogross and shuus obatructions. e oporation of protoction with s is In favor of our soconda- Ty intorest,—au intorost, a8 wo liave noon, al- ready stimulated by tho policy of Ingland, ngainet which wo sro scoking a romody, It alio Lujures our_oxporting intorest, by xtfil furthor wenkening the mosus of tho Engllsh consumors tobuyof 4, Thiy, of course, produces a furthor declension of commerco botweon tho iwo coun- trles, and tho donblo rosult in England of di- minisling tho rivalry of our agricnlture, and our demand for her manufactures ; projudicing oven moro than-bofore her -lending, and aidiny hor socondary intorest. A nml[)mcnl tarifr, thoros »foro, only aggravatos the mirelief alveady dono by a singlo {ariff ; each holping tho othor to nun- tain ordepross tho same branch of judustry, Thin simplo theorotical viow of tho subject, oxprassdd noveasarily in_gonorul torms, I pouui{:l{ open to many oxcoptions and qualifications in the given cauo, but its abutract truth soems Lo bo exeoed- lngly olenar, £, in reply to theso views, it bo aald that tho reyulty thus brlelly traced aro dosirablo ; that it ia bottor for ench uation to be more indepondont of tho othor; that tho woaker iutorost in onoh onght to bo encoaraged ; that all the oloments «fof krontness and powor may bo dovoloped in both countrios,—wo can only, roply that thaso| considorations 'ato in eommfmfiaggn‘cq tho suppogofd bonsfits of mutual.Frde i that thay qro ad applicablo to Biates'and: countlds ‘ab they.nra tonations ; that tho, ara oppascd to $ho; gotoral maximb_of solf-govornmont,; dany. $ho rociprocal -bonefita of commorca’; aré founded upon the principlos of oxclusiveness, local gol- fishnoss, and natlonal jealousy ; and, if truo, thoy ought toho oarriod out boldly, snd the beno- fits thoy advocnto enforcod by tho absoluta pro- hibittona of thoe old Ohincse policy. But tho fact Is, tho {ndopendouco of nations, llko that of lpd\vldnnls, ia nolthor* pogalblo nor desirable, | It i the mutual wantar-and mutual utllity of mon that promoto the virtuo and harmony of mankind, whothor. in tholr intercourso as {ndi~ vldlLalnnranvnl.‘ i ds I et s S The fayorito argumont against Freo Trado be- twoen thia munkr{ nndEumre in, that a ryinous, compotition with tho ohoap labor uf that conti- nmé would', bo . tho : rosult ;. a. dopresiation ‘of | wagon hern to tho standard of wages. thero, It in arguod that with thig depreciation would como the Fl.up(dlty and crimes of pAuper oommuni- ty; | that. .tho privilogos- of .freedom.would . bo | thrown away upon tho .gross. sottishnoss of tho poor, If true, ,this argument is of,.vsat impbrtanco, . Our _ Inboring .~ olasaod - mow onjoy & far bettor romuneration . for thelr _toil than thoir rivala boyond the Atlantio and, to maintain this adyantnge; any legislation would bo propor, howoever solfish” or oxolusive.” But it is not truo; wages would Ai;':):ouh nearor.to an ‘equality than .at -progont, but it would be.| ‘more of a bonoflt to foroign r than o burden to our awn," To ascertain it thewo views bo cor< roct, we have only to conslder tho theory of wa- i:ua and upon what doponds’tho mioasure of, hoir proportion., 5 g S A The amount of ‘pecuniary payment given for' Inbor is not, {n the flrst place, the true moasuro of wagos, but ‘the proportion of -useful com~ moditica for which, nt any given period or. laco, that labor may bo exchangod. If, thon; it o kdmittod that Freo Trade. would diminish | to sbmo oxtont the pominal rats-of wages, it would reduce tho cosf of most.of tho.articles which labor seoke in oxchango. Labor would bo oqually well.paid so long!na tho proportion of wages and commodities remainod the same, ! In the socond pluoo, tho ratoof wagos for mere phyaical Inbor will bo about aqual in all branchol of industry, in any froo uugmu‘?; for, if one dopartmout ‘i much botter “paid’ than othors,. onough labor will bo attractod from .thoss that are worse paid to equalizo to & groat bxtent tho compénsation of--all;.-Thero is W causoe for. {lid inidxgqnmv of proportion that wages bear to Ia- bor in moat countrios, In some parts of Burope, dillgont toil fs rowardod with only the Thbst soan= ty and precarious pittanco that can possibly sup: port lifo. For ‘this mnnquourdinpnlt{ of re- munoration thoro must bo somo genorsl causo.’ Tho! wenlth of community is' produced by the, application of labor to cspital, and its proooods. aro divided in cortain proportions btsweon thoso wlio furnish the capital and tho Jabor. ..If the capitnl ware:ownod by the laborars in oqual do- groo, tho proceads of labor would be divided with gront-equality .and harmony. , But, whero capital is awned by thosa who do not do tho la- | bor, and tho labor is performod by thoso who do| 1ot own tho capitnl, & Btrugglo arised for tho pro- coeds, in_ which'if ia plaln who will prevail. Cnpital, having somothing io ' live.. on,. can awalt tho rosult with pationco; whilo: labor, compolied to live from liaud 'to mouth, is forcod by starvation to surrondor- at disoretion: With enpital on ono sido, and Jabor on the other, tho latter {u n elave to tho' formor, and in in- qulged with its husks, for its master oannot af- ford to lot it porish. p Land forms tho groat bulk of ‘capitsl every- whore, From its cultivation como most -of the absolute nocossaries of life ; and it has an in- trinsio value, independent of. its relative cost, Tho possossion of a little land confors slmost all the means of self-support, givlpg to ita possosa- or 8 dogreo of indopondence, aid placing Hia to gomo extont abovo the tyranny” of wealth., If ovory Inboror could hisvo land onouglh to supply torinl for clothing, it is_cloar .that “Iahor counld only bo attracted from tho plow. by.tho prospact of wagos above thominimumof subsistgnce; and that, in tho division of its procoods, tho dispori- ty" would conso to he so_grossly in'favor. of’ copital. Tho indopendence, of Iabor: jrould bo in proportion to the cheapnois of-land,- aud the | bighor tho wages by which wealth would-bo ablo to purchaso ita sorvics. But,if lands and rents aro high, as in England, thoro ean be no share of capital accessiblo to tho lnborer,—no resort of, indopendence within his roach., Horo, a3 there, his wagos would bo at the minimum, sud ‘his pronposts without s liopo o fellof, © 1 ‘" Tho rate of. wagos, theu, varies Invérsely with tho valuo of land; and, it land-is vors chesp, wages will riso to a point whero: they furnish-a ust and adequato romuneration to toil. . Buch is tho situation of this country,.and saoh -would- it continue to be, howover freo its intorcourso with others. Tho comparatively small cost.of land ovorywhore among us, it merely -nominal prico in most parts of our vast torritory, is tho se-| curity of Iabor against destitution,—a ‘socurity of ‘which no foreign competition can doprive ua. It might-divert some of our labor from the fao- tory to the field; yot tho fleld is broad enongh for'nil, nud oxtonds to all ita plenty and inde- pondence, e M A home-marketla another favorite idoa with tho advocates of Protoction. They dwell ywith groat confidonce upon its bonefita to tho agrioul' tural producors; {twill supply, thoy say, and more than supply, all tho loss in foreign domand’ | under 8 rostriotive systom, Thoy arguo that tho rosperity-of manufactures incroagos +the * num- Ber or conaumora horo ; and they oan afford to pay tho farmer a larger price for his products than if thoy waro loaded with the additional ox- penso of transportation to a distant market, By way of illustration, they point to numerous ¢hriv-. ing villagos and cifics, and tho populous coun~ try about thom. It is truo that the imme- dinto vicinity of & manufacturing villago growa with {ts growth, snd the prosperity of the noighborhood- - embracea tho ' branch - of agriculture with oll tho rost, ond this equally. whothor tho growth of that villago bo natural or forced, yot its Eroupumy 18 sustained by burdens: -falling Bomowhore, If not there. Tf the. pooplo of this conntry can, 8 & goneral thing; -invost théir labar in tillago to bettor advantage thun in manufacturgs, and if artificial logislation divorts a considerable portion of labor to tho latter, the result will indoed be an-nappearance of-jocal thritt; whilo really the prosparity of tho wholo country is diminished. , Tho partial bonefit, bo- ing concentratod and ‘local, would glrobnhf bo moro apparont than the goneral mischiof, which is sprend over & vast ares, and dopresnos o uni-- voraal interest in dotsil. Seotions may thus bo onriched at the oxponsoof tha whole, and local interosts be at war with thoso of tho country at himnith necensary £00d, fuol, ond tho raw-wn--|' lloatod subjoot of rovenno wa" :(I:;Irlng{‘u n‘f idons j nnd, ects, arrange tl xation on tho pflnn?plau of m‘:gml:& SrER) 1078 TR R, Buirn, et ~wiihe hing va;n&‘fi yall faiso ad of eodnorhy, \Ghrysnbro, M, July 14, SHAH GOSSIP FROM PARIS, The Ranquot ot Vors 1llos~<Tho Shap —Among-tho-Ladics—IIow the Blinh~—" Ents and Drinkse<Xho ‘S8hah Goey Out Incog. and ks Sundry Advon - (\lirnl-« e Paris Correapondencs. London Eehor, The banquot and foto a¢ Veraaillo,” notwithe andifig nalmr{n storm, *passod off most satip- Tagiorily, nod th Shah and his suito havo ox« rossod thomaolvon Lighly dolightod wih tho gns (dertsinmont provided- for - them. - Tho day wea| fruitful in' many ourloua ~{doidonts worth mentioning. " firab uwnexpooted :Rl:bdo that ocourred- 'was ~on the:afe 1ndy, young ‘snd handgome, of. course, omo tromiblibg: from tho orowd thiat linod tho thor= oughfaro, and offored ;ncnan::’mx? hmmhlu:: ‘who agions] L0( thom with a gratified amilo, firndphnv’lrmnlt thom, bowed his thanks to’tno falr donoo. Aftor his rocoption Ly tho Prosident, ho roe :lrnlg wllk)l(x !.ht: n.nhl'}‘ ‘hfitm v?n.fidjnhfing’ salon o partake of somo slight rofreshtnont, Whila . thero, ha dosired 5 bo ‘introduced - 1o tho | uchoss of Magonta and hor.littlo daughtor forthwith appearod. The Shah advanced tngmut " them, and conduotod the Duchoss to the fauteuil : y, in vory go ‘rench; ¢ Lsalute in you alt'tho 1adids of Nranos.h . Tho-Proaldante wito’ wig dreasod fn’ & violot-brown silk robo, trimmod ' ¥ith Chantllly Iaco, and hor daughtor-in blua -and white, 0 banquot, a8 you are awaro, took . 1400 .in. tho splondid Galerio dos Glaces, Wwheta : Louls XIV. recoived tho Porslan Ambassador nehzly two conturios ago, and which was chosen for tho prosont occagion on scoount of thut ‘historjcdl. souvenir. . I gave. you..yostordny. ono;menu; it appoars that-that was for tha Frodch . memboers of.the '-bmr“mt. ~T'hore-wna another figpnclnu! for tho- Bhoh and his_ suito;; swhich was not quite sd- Sardinapalian in‘characs ‘boing composed of melons, roast lamb, cold fovl, tomath, salad, fruits, and toa... Among-tho dlntmlflmhod porsons invited to the Languol worg the Duo d’Aumale, tho Princo do Jolnvillo, Merahal-- Oanrobert; and ‘- Gon. Palikao, ‘Tha Ga Im-lm;glvu us tho'information thit '‘Dr. Tholosan, atood ‘bohind th tho ‘wholo of the banquet,. aud modorated hia Majosty when ho dsank or ate more than allowed by the, Faculty R dishos wora grontly now and-thon - gave' vent to his foolings by ox« claiming, Good ; very good! " Wo ara furthor told, that no toasta were drunls after dinnor; and ; | thatthe groatost frao-aud-easiness prevailod, Hlis Majosty ufih&n‘g and chatling the wholo timo in the most- country-gentloman style,” At 10. o'clock the Shah and Marshal M‘:uflinhmr, 8COOMI< :panied by tho rest of the company, rapaired ba- the park, and .witnogsed . tho illuminations-and o aapeasathat tha Bhal b vory fond of.golng -It appears that tho 8hah is vory fond ef going ‘out tncognita af night tima. Onryl[amlu.y v .80en by-the Ordre at 11 o'clogk, iu- tho /Champsa ) tories of ' the game of rod and white, YA Majosty playod several timos, and won some nuts, which ho put in_his pook -momento.. -The marchande, nntum\ly : Gontusod in presonce of the *‘King of Kings,” hnd groat Majouty; - and pronounced '‘her ‘- words in such ‘a stylo that - the---Shah. mistook " or for o Gorman, This .arousod tho patriotia . indignation of’ tho , nut-seller,’ much . {o “tha amusemont of tho Sliah, whoilaighod hoartily,.. and handsomoly rowarded her for his uninten: tional-mistako, " i marchand do coco (n plobsian Jomon, water, and liquorice), aud honored. him - bydrinking o glass. _Whiletho Peraion monareh - ‘was thus mpfifd his: Miniaters profited- of thia rolaxation of their mastor by" nlurin‘g‘ 8t the - toupic Hollandaise and other juvenile gamos ta be found during the summot nighta' in tha Champs Elyscos. Death of Rathbun, the Noted Forgers From the New York Tridune, July22, "~ ‘man who six-nnd-thirty yoars ago was notorious throighiont the land a4 tho one man whose for- . gorien; up fo thrt poriod, hid “never in tho hia- tory of crime ‘been_surpassod ‘in magnituda of “nmount, or ekill of conception and exccution, ‘Eve Fauntlory’s Woro, 8s comparad with. his, ‘tho morast triffes, Thoy rose to millions, and for sevoral yoara wero carried on with a celority, precision, and_succoss thot were smazing ; nor n that particninr specialty of crime has any suo- - cossor roached tho aggrogate of onormity attained Y Bonjamin Rattibun in estly lifo reméved from “Clionango County to Buffalo, - Ho' becama pro- pristor of tho Xeglo Tavery, and by clesnlinoas ordor, and discipline mado {t famous among tha hotols of tho country. Extonding his businoss he booame intoroated in lines of stages botwoon Buffalo and Albany, and slartod tho noted “olograph Line, for six pnasongers only," roviounly . attainod, -bg in tho United. tatos, nnd mado_for it a namo among travelors from tho Wost: ~But hotel-keeping and staging fatlod to satify his ambition. Ha embarked in spoculation.,~ Liots without number at: prices without limit wers bought, and dwollings, stores, and .warehaougos yoro. orooted, . For tho firat timo in the history of tho Stato a fover of spocu- lation® broko ont, which for univorsality and wildneéss has nover baon approschod Dy any other city {n-tho Unlon. .Rathbun was in evorys thing s nuthlnfi.vdnunknd ‘him; his examplo wag 8o infoctions that the gravest and moat timoroua money-grubbera wore drawn into the vortex and ina night made fabulous fortunes—on paper. "o plan of his forgorics Wes &5 ingenious as -4t wau original. ‘To cartain partios hio would pro- ‘pose to- buy -cortain . property, or build cortain. etructures. To ralse tho nocessary funds with which to initiate tho entorpris, ho yould make conch throo or six months, and ask tho party whoso in- - torosts ‘wero to bo promoted to indorso the samo, The °indorsoment obtalned,” ho would rosort'to.his counting-room and mako ‘from ton to fifiy motes of the samo dato .and amount, pyable at the samo time and plnce, and his clork, an expert ponman, would forge- tho indorsemont, To suck & magnitude had thoso transactions that a_regular office: wos maintained in largo. Koeping this in view, and remomboring to bo on our guard againet both tho a‘ruulom— ness of apponraucos and the zonl of wolfluhness, we como to the considoration of-the goneral the- ory of. homo-market 1 ' : E 1t wo are bettor'adapted as a novplo, undor all eircumsatancos, to ongago in manufaotires rathor than agriculture, it is gafo to prosumo that tho private sagacity ct fréomon will discover it, withont tho hints and hiolps of Government, If- not, then the srtificial diversion of labor. from's. more to a loss_profitable pursuit will ‘diminish " tho aggrogato incomo of Inbor, -aid, of course,” the avorago to be diatributed t0 ita overy depart~ mont. Again, this artiflcial distinotion of labor does not inoranso tho numbor of mouths to bo fad, or stimulato consumption, to that'a” groator quentity of producta will bo roquired. I'hin ‘country in capablo, from its gront exjont, fortilo goll, and nomllymum{-mm - population, of raiing agricultural products enough to sup- ¥)f linlf of Karope. It is absurd, therofore, o alk of a homae-market, to bo furnishoed . meroly Dy & chango in its induhlry, and not in its popui- Intion, a8 offoring an adoquato demand for tho unlinuted uny))l o8 which it is capablo of producing. Ubin thoory of o home-mnrket ia aged upon tho:iden that .commorco enn- not, rogulato iteclf ; that industry, loft free, will 10t seak tho most profitable employment, nor bo rownrded by tho most profitablo oxchangos ; -and that foroign trade {s wastofyl 2nd pornicious, “If onrriod *out, this_thoory laads ‘to the ridicilons concluslon, that sll'gorts of businoss should bo. carried on clouo togother, for tho sake of conva~ nionco in_the transactions botweon thowm. I markel shonld bo, or sny why, i£ it Is to b lim- ited ot _all, it should go boyond tho limita of & singlo Stafs, county, or township. Or, indeod; Low many lomo-markets tlera are tobe in this littlo world, - whon' tho homa-market system: comaos to full porfoction. 'I'rue oconomy, liber- ality, and humanity have tho whole earthi as ona home-markot, whero every commodity should bo made whero it can bo mado the uhead\'mul, and gold whovo'it ean bo aold to tho beat advantage, 3vory other dootring 16 locnl, timid, and solfish and,‘as froomon, wa uttorly rejoct and dony it. We have thus oudonvorod to show thal Froe Tyado iv bottor than restriotion, apnrt from any consjdoration of ravonuo ; that tho dootripo of Trotection is an injustice and a fallaoy ;- that ro- falintory tarifts aro dolusive; that the quantum of wagos doos. not_full with tho prevalonco of froo oxehango § and that the thoory of o’ homd- mmkot I8 uttor’ sophlstry and nonsonso, I theuo viows nro corroct, it must baadmitted that {ho nacosnity of m‘flln[»! & reyenuo by duties is purely-a burdon, both in its dircot offoct as iaxs ation, and its indireot_offoct as proteation ; and thint {t ought to bo collectod without roforonco to tho uucoumfinmum of auy particular branch of Industry whatovor, With “such theoretical views as a'chart to guido tho statosman, ho oan would bo diftionlt to oxplain howlargo & home- |’ _nojioliating tho paper, the mmEor. being hia Tophiow. _ During tho fow yoars that- the fraud was kept ns the aiount nogotiated roached millions of dollars, At longth ona of the 85, 000-noten, bearing tho forged indorsement of tha 1ate David E. Evans, thon agent of the Holland Land Compnn{‘ b Tiatavis, was protested, and notico aent to him, Mr. Eynus, Jum tho moto, but on examining tho back found to his dismay ‘hat! his signaburo-had boon: forged. Truo, ho) bad “indorsed . 5 . noto.. thut dato, ud “for | precisely that™ amount, * “but ' it was not * this. Xnvmmiufim\ followed, tho plot was discoverad, and tho wholo niquity oxposed to ight. Rathbun was ‘arrested, tried at %gu.vh, convioted, sontonced to five yoars Inv Stato Privon, and served out his timo.. Subse. quontly ho cama to thia clts ond ognenml, o hotol in Broadway, near Cortlandt stract, but wyas not Yory succossful. Aftorward ho kopt for .soma yoors the ;small hotol 6t tho.cornor.of Brosdway and Forty-tbird streot. Of all the millions, that -bad passod through- his hands, ~he nover put away,n dollar for Limeolf, nor could ho at any gmcuglr’wn ontlod himsol? tho honost posseasor of 50,0002 v+ e oD - Thera diod, yosterdsy, at Fort Washington, a - nr'fhn‘!m;erlu cortoge at Versatllos, %;1 - od 5 - Prosidont'a wife -and family,- *Tho™ % *Madaino,” sald Hin Blajons’ of Modiolng! ™ Tha } to tho taato of tho Bhah, who Elyscos, stationed "boforo.. une, marchandé. do . | macqrons, who was explaining to him the mys-' , . ot probably asa: dificulty in explaining tho gamo- to~ Hia- 0.8hal's chalr daring ¢« 41 overage mado of- which was run nt's spoed higher than had been ° ‘his noto for $5,000, poyable in New York City ab E:awn is city for tho purposo. of. . Tho privata lifo of this remarknble man waa . from his oarly manhood siugularly’ iereprasch- ablos flowas modast to & fault, ‘strictly tem- porate; never smoked or ohowed, noyer.gambled, annu oquipage, hind no acquaiutance with dis- roputnblo pooplo, nvoldud&mbllw Iacos, indulgod in no oxtravagances, but dovotod Limsplt peslds wously to his business, o hodifow: aoquaints | auces, fowor frionds, ¥io companions, To the aet o novor alluded, 1o roulized to the full o rosult of his ncts and meolkly sccoptod tho situation. _Bilontly, pationtly, uncomplainingly ho ploddod on bis ‘wonry, choerloss Wby, unéil finally, at tho Tipo old ‘5”' 82, himaclt_ aud hin* erimog almost forgotton, ho gontly fades . away, | ; ; £l —_—— L A Charm for Bain. N Thy Tovant Times montionn that the dronth In Asla Minor, in the neighborhood ‘of ' Angor: his beow' excossive, and in the smsall town of QGoroiloh tho mlllfilflunm‘l Inhabitants for soma timo past-have dally offored up prayora for rain. Noohunga taking tlaco..in thio. weathor, it was dooidod that somo ¢ charma” must bo triod, und thoy at Jast bothought themsolves of an jnfallis “ble one. It was simple, but ono which, for fonr of tho consoquences intheso. dogonerato days, “could not bo performed in the * good old sgyle.” 1t consiatod in cutting off tho hiead of a Ohriatian ond throwing it into a streamor ignd, Aa & liva Ohrlatian dld nat patriotically presont himsolt, it wag dotormined to exhumo a doad ono, and to makd suro the magio rito waa performod with tha hoads .of threo bodies, one of whom had been doad only amonth. Up ta tho Iatest advicea tho flhhflfil !‘ml nokb worked, and the country romained parched. |