Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 29, 1873, Page 8

5 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JUNE 29, 1873. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TEBKS OF SUBSCRIFTION (PATARLE IN ADVARCR). Daily, by mall 12.60 | Sunda; 0 ri-Weeldy S1Z:00] Wy it Parts of at the same rate. To prevent delsy zod mistakcs, bo suro and give Pdst Cilce address in tull, including State and Connts. Remiitarces may be mada cltber by draft, Jxpross, Post Ditice order, or 1n registered letters, at onrrisk. TERMS TO CITY SUDSCRIDERS. Datly, deliverod, Sunday excepted. 55 cents per weok. Deily, delisercd, Sunday included, 20 cents pes wock. Adéress THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Mzdison and Dearborn-sta.. Chicago, LIl —— BUSINESS NOTICES. Yoats aformsiion, giten. 3. B MARTINKE & 00, N Bankors. 10 Wallat. ~ P. O. Hox ¢35, Now York, The Chicags Tribune, Bundsy Morning, June 28, 1873. THE BATTLE OF THE MASTGDNS, The controversy botween the development, or evolution, theory and the old school of natural- ists represented by Agassiz, continues to engross the attention of the scientific world. Last weck ‘we published some of the discoveries of Prof. Marsh, of Yale Collegs, which that persevering student thinks tend to sustain the dovelopment theory. To-day we give place to the concluding lecture of Prof. Agassiz before the Mussum of Comparative Zoology, 8t Cambridge, hlass., in which he renews the battle against the Dar- winiane with the Iatest weapons in his armory. Prof. Ageseiz's recent lecturcs have related to embryology—= department of science in which, 88 an original investigator, he has no equal. It is to his patient search that we ero indebted for the following curious facts, viz: that the embryo of & reptile, before it is fully born, passes through the form or gradation of a fish; that the embryo of & bird pasaes throngh gradations extctly resembling thoso of a fish and 8 reptile, and that the humen embryo passes throngh three gradations so closoly Te- sembling fish, reptile, and bird, that it is hard to tell them apart until the human structare, in progress of time, is superimposed upon it. This remarkable fact in regard to Vertebrates is fonnd to exist nlzo in the three other families of the animal kingdom, viz : Articulsies, Mollusks, and Radiates. The embryo of each higher type in each family, so far 88 ascertained, passes through gradations resembling the lower types of the Bame family. It happens that the successive gradations through which the vertebrate embryo passes correspond with the appearance of theso sni- mels on the earth in geological succossion ; that is, fishes came first, reptiles next, birds next, and memmals, including man, last. From thia sctusl resemblance the advocates of the devel- opent theory havo inferred that the ssvoral £pecies of cach family have doveloped out of each ofher. Itis to combat this mnwarranted inferenca that Prof. Agaseiz gives us the present lecture. That it is uneafe and unphilosophical to infer a development theory from the foregoing facts, is ehown by the fact that, while there is ageneral sdvance in geological succession from & lower to a higher form of organized life, and ihat thess facts correspond to embryologleal dofelopment, it is not truo that all the earlier animals were lower than the later ones. “On the contrary, many of the Jowor animals wore introduced wn- der more highly-orgauized forms than they have ever shown eince, and have ‘dwindled after- ward.” Instead of awatoral law whose char- actoristic must be invariability of soquence, elsa it world potlealaw, there are numerous and merked contradictions and exceptions. Thers i8 noinevitablo repetition. There is * Just that kind of resemblance in the parts, 8o much and no more, 8s always characterizes intellsctual work proceeding from the eame somrce. It bes thet freedom of menifestation, that dependence, which characterizes the work ‘of mind as compared with the work of law.” The dovelopment thecry, according to Prof. Agessiz, iz one of those daring assumptions procesding from resemblancee in nature which are well cal- culated to {ake the mind captive and tolead to unwarranted generelizations, He concludes with the following explicit statement of his belief, de- duced from profound and cntical examinations of naturg: o I helicre that all theze correspondences between the difierent sapects of animal lifeare the manifestations, of wind acting consciously with intention toward one object from beginning to end. This viow Is in socord- nce with the working of our minds; it 18 an instine- tive recogmition of a mental power with which onr own io 3Xio, manifesting itsclf in nature, For this reason more than, any other, perhaps, do I Lold- that this world of ours is not the result of theaction of- uncon- scious organic forces, but tho work of == iztelligont, consclous power, 2 ¥ s ‘Tho developmert philosoplers meanwhile e engaged in what they call ““filling up the gaps ™ —that is, discovering in paleontology certain intermediate forms of animal life’ between ex- isting forme, or between forms now extinct but previonsly known as fossils, and those now ox- isting; as, for instance, between the hog and the rhinocoros, or batween the elophant and the mastodon. If Prof. Agassiz’s Tensoning is cor- rect,—nnd it is° difficnlt to see whero he’ has ered—thers will still 'ba. a . large chzom to bridge after the gaps aro-filled up - For, if the whols animal kingdom were shovn to be as closely allied as the monkey and the ape, it would still bo necessary to accotint for the back- ward movement going on .simultancopsly with the forward movement ; and, sido by eide’vith tho theoryof ovolution, we must constiuct a theory of involuticn. And even then thare wonld be still other facts'of animal life not susceptible of explanation on the principles of - either evalu- tion or involution. V% g Prof. Ageesiz announces his intention to. de- liver a geries of lectures nest autumn on geelogy sud paleontology in referance tothe dovelopment theory. — THE COUNTY HOSPITAL, - “ We publizh elsevhere un earnest appeal from & conipetent observer on the neceseity of addi< tioual hospital accommodations in this city and county. The fect that Chicago is the only city of any considerable sizo in tho United States which doos not provide adequate room for the sick and dischled poor, is sufficiently galing without the further -suggestion of the writer thst s number of hospital-tents whould be erccicd forthwith for the ~reception of peticnts from the now overcrowd: ed County Hospital This suggestion is not intended a5 & bit of pleasantry by any mesns, The experiencs furnished by the late war tanght the modical profession that, in the summer time at least, a tent is the best place to put o sick or wounded man, because it is impossible to pre- vent the fresh air from resching himin sufficient guantities. The defects of existing hospitals are ' mainly defecte of ventilation. Thess de- fects mey arise-from faulty construction, or from overcrowding. Both come to the = same .thing—an . insufficient supply of fresh sair to cach pationt. What is wanted hore is not & grest costly hospital ‘building, but aong, low, inexpensiva structuro, with windows on each side of each ward. As to the character of the present County Hospital, we embraco this opportuxity to report the observation of a member of the English Par- liament, who visited this city some three years ago in tho courase of a tour of hospital examination around the world. After going throngh the Conn- ty Hospital on Eighteenth streot, he remarked to the gentleman who blushingly showed himn our sarrangements for taking care of the sick poor: “ 1 Liope you won't consider it impolite, but I must say I never saw anything worse.” Itis needless to eay that the institution has not im- proved since that time. Fortunately, the Mercy Hospital on Calumet avenus was inspected by the same gentloman, and the reputation of the city was ameliorated by the spacious wards and excellent sppointmenta of that volunteer estsb- lishment. g THE WALWORTH LETTERS, The publication of the letters writton by the Tanrdered Walwarth to his wife, and now sub- mitted as evidenco at the trial of the son, will have the effect of throwing a mew light on the tragedy to tho minds of many persons; These Iottors can scarcely fail to influence the verdict of the jury, who will be preity certain to mitigate young Walworth's punishment on ac- count of their rovelations. The experience of former murder trials, in which less exasperating circumstances have led to sacquit- tal, warrant this expectation. Itis of intereat, .therefore, to examine deliberaiely what part such documents onght to play in suspending the operation of the law. Tho letters themsalvea form a geries of the vilest and most obsceno vituperation, and, un- der tho circumstances which surrounded their conception, thoy are curicus and remarkeblo. If they were tho production of an ignorant and illiterate man, conwolled by brutal passions and unrestrained by personal culturs or respectable associations, they would bo dismissed as vile evidences of a vicious nature. But thoy wero writton by a mah of education and position, the son of & Chan- callor of high name, the pet of a very high-toned class of Now York society, s fashionablo author, and a person who peseed for a gentleman in the eyes of the world- They are addressed to a wife, who comes of good family, and has enjoy- od the advantages of culture. Yet thoy are filled with a succession of blasphomous and dis- gusting epithets, of filthy and low-flung expreg- siona of degraded and repulsive snmimsntg which the lowest pimp would address to his mistress. It is roro that any man reaches s depth of degrada- tion in which he i3 willing to put on paper the indelible ovidence of & mind sunk in tho very dres of infamy, a3 this man Walworth, a writer in the Home Journal, and, for time, & sort of social lion, hos done. Whother the letters that bave been printed were the expression of aman maddened with grief; or of & mind that had lost its balance;.or of & deliberate purposo to seck Tevenge for assumed wrongs ; or of an intention to intimidate the..woman to ‘whom 'they wero addressed, they bear, in any case, the stamp of moral degradation that will go far to enforce the doctrine of total depravity. Undorlying the wicked intent and disgusting blasphomy of these letters is evi- donte of ' sordid nature that rendora them ‘more revolting, if possible, tian they could have been otherwise. This society man and author; ‘this representative of & good family, this type of a gentlemsn, broathes. forth his Poisorious and withering blasphomy, and threat- ens ‘deeth to his wife and children, not becanss of any pangs of geparation or conscioussiess. of disgrace, but - becauce s delay in signing the papers of soparation has cost him s couple of hundred doliars. Money is the burden of his ‘Iament, and its loss is what mainly prompts him to threaten murder. He gloats fiendishly over the thought of gratification at crushing his wife's ekull, ‘“gutting”. Lis son, thereby blot- ting the name of Walworth out of existence, ‘and then killing himself,—all becauso of the ad- ditional cost of lnwyers' fees that might have been gaved. He curses his father's namo be- cause he was left only an income, not a fee-gim- ple interest in the estate. Altogethor, there has probably nover been written evidence of & more infsmous, groveling, and vicious character thed. Mapsfield Tracy Walworth has left. longer e caricature. i - The impreseion which the revelations of these letiers is likely to make on tho public and tho jury is thet Welworth's fate “served himright.” But, suppose it did ; is this eny sort of justifica- tion for hiz son? The main purpose of law is the protection of society. We may admit, then, that thofnurderéd Walworth was a brate; that Do was & low, vile, disgusting beast. His letters &how all this. His mental and moral deformity wna abeolutely hidcons. . If it had been ex- posed . bofora® his death, Bo would ' have met with s punishment 2s severe as desth [ itsélf. - Fo conld never have beld up ‘his head whero the name of Walrorth'was known. But, infamons end rovolting £s he was, what right nd proceed to Now York, some time after these letters were written, to kill his father ? How can society bo protected if this right be con- the single judgo of hisfather'sinfsmy. He took upon bimself the fanctions of tho law ; he de- cided that his father wea not it to live ; and he procecded to put him to death. If courtand jury decide that young Walworth had o right to act in this case, is it not virtually s decision that ha will have the eame right fo decide in other cases that he may regard as demanding his inter- ference? What guaranteo has socioty that young Walwortl’ faturo verdicts msy be as just as this, or his summary execution directed future time, intercept other letters, and findin them ‘material reguiring his sdministration of punishment. His idens of.offense sgainst decency sy “become more and ‘sovere . with encouragemont, and ~ he may adjudge . death 88 & punishment for morsl indeconcy not. 8o_promounced, It will, therofore, be & sin sgaivst socioty if young Walworth is permitted to g6 freo, at full liberty 'to execute the verdicts he may arrive at in fature examinations of privite character. . Bociety has a claim beyond the dangerous Presenco of young Walworth, Tt will' suffer from the effect of his example unless ho shall be held to account for the crime he has committed. The human “tendency to imitation is never #0_Sirong 8s in ithe commission of crime. There are not only erss of murder and suicido, but every crime that atiains wide-spresd notorie- scarcaly ' Thiackeray's delincation of Lord Bteyne is no, ‘'had his'son to assume the offico of exccationer, | ceded ? Young Walworth, by his act, became sgainst the proper pernon? Ho may, at 50m8 fastidious | ty is tolerably ceriain to be the forerunner of a scries of similar crimes, A notable instance of this fact was afforded in France a yearor two 8go. A husband had discovered his wife in com- pany with another man in the latter's room. In- stead of killing the paramour outright or chal- longing Lim to a duel, which was tho custom in France, the infuriated busbend stabbed his wife, a treatment which was altogeth- er an innovation at that time. The murderer's trial resulted in o light punishment, and within & few weoks a dozen similar murders were com- mitted throughout France, though crimes of this particolar phase had been unknown in the country before that time. A similar illastration of the tendency described is foundin & manis for suicide that once prevailed in the City of Lyous among the young women, and which was only checked atlast by the exposure in the pub- lic market-placo of the naked bodies of all who came to their death by their own hands. If imitation in crime is a recognized tendency of mankind, as wo believe” it to’ be, thop the acquittal of young Walworth would be a direct encouragement to every young man who belioves his mother to be badly treated by his father to take the law into his own hands, punish the disturber of the domestic peace, and poss for & horo. We have little doubt that the acquittal wonld be actually followed by & series of similar murders. No matter, then, how the letters of the de- ceased Walworth may bo regarded, and they seem o be absolutoly unparalloled for obscon- ity, infamy, oud vicionsness, they can- not justify tho acquittal of yoang Wal- worth ef the crime of taking the law into its own hands. A verdict of sc- quittal cantiot be found on this ground without subverting and overturning tho very essence of law,—that is, the protection of society. To say that young Walworth may go free and unpun- ished, is to say that there aro cortain circum- stances outsido of self-defense which justify homicide. This much has been seid too often in this country already, and the sanctity of law and the safoty of society are seriously impaired with evory repotition. HIRAM POWERS. The brief dispatch from Florence, announcing the death of Hiram Powers, after a lingering ill- ness, will be received with a fecling of sorrow by all tho workers in his fiold of art, and by all who have felt s pride in his works, zs creations which indicated the commencemont at least cf a distinctive school of *American sculpture. The plastic art in America has risen to a poition worthy to be called a school within the present generation. Painting had slready roached this dignity when Greenough first demonstrated to the world that Americans could work with the chisel as well as with tho brush. Sinco hia time, Powors, Crawtord, Randolt Rogers, John Rogers, the wonderful modeler in clsy, Miss Hosmer, Miss Stalbins, Palmer, Paul Akers, Story, and Ward have la- bored faithfully to uphold the Amarican reputa~ tion, and have reilected credit upon American art, although nono of these artists hava yet mot with the appreciation and sympathy, not to speak of the remuneration, which thoy merit. It may well bo doubted whether tho American peoplo bave yet risen to that high standard of art crificism and cultare which will ensble them to recognize the dignity and grandour of oxpression in marble. It is doubt- ful whother they ever will, as long as they ob- tain their idess from such inferior artists aa Clark Mills and Vinnie Ream, who stand cs types of a multitude of workers in marble in every city, town, and village of the country, whose talent should be employed upon grave- stones and mantels rather then upon the human form, in its resl and idesl phases. It may be questioned whother this first rank of artists has' sncceeded in cstablishing a dis- tinctive school of American Sculpture as clearly as the modern English, German, snd Italian schools. They have, howeser, lsid the founda- tion for one, by careful study and patient labor. They have mado a place in Europe for American art, and have compelled a feeling of respect for it. The hitlo 2olony which has settled in Rome and Florence, surrounded by the great works of tho old masters, has Iabored on quietly and unostentatiously, having no connection with the onter world except through their works, and no commaunication with it except in one instance, when Mr. Powers, his temper gotting tho better of his discretion, rebuked Corgressional jobbery and empincism in art, and adminis- tored an unmorciful chastisement to the politi- cians of Washington for their degradation of American art by igrorance exd venality. . Tho events of Mr. Powers' life aro few and simple. He has lived nearly forty years of that Tife in tho seclusion of his studio, and yet that Florentine studio has boeu nn art-Meccs, whith- er American connoisseurs have always gladly made their pilgrimages of ‘delight and duty, to bo gladdoned with sll beauti- ful sights and checred with the artist's large-hearted hospitality. The carly features of Lis lifo havo already been narrated in Tne Toin- -ONE. It was not until 1837, when 32 years of 8go, that lie was enabled to go to Europo and study,—through ths liberality of thoe Cincinnati millionaire, Nicholas Longworth, who had dis- crimination enough to foresee his aptitude for a. high position as a sculptor. Heremainedin Ea- rope from that time until his death, na do all sculptors who have the means. The sculptor who tries to achiove success in this country hasa hard task before him. Ho works without sdvantage. In Ttaly, ho has the sid of living, ‘professionsl models, the models of the anfijnes all abent him, and the workmen who can chisel the merble from the design which he hes made in the clay, besides & great saving in expenscs. The Inbors of all these years aro summed up in the statues. of * Evo,”” “The Greek Slave,” “Proserpine,” * California,” *America,” and numerous portrait busts. He is best known in thia country by “Tho Greek Slavo;” in Europe by his “Eve.” 'No statue which has ever boen ex-~ Libited in this country haa provoked such widely- differing criticisma ns « Tho Greek Slave.” In this country, tho roal friends of art had a severe fight with the “prurient prudes” over thc nudity of the fizure. This exaggeration of mod- esty still prevails. ‘In the memorial picture of the Chicago fire, painted by Armitage,for pré- sentation to the Gity, the figure of Chicago, a8 at first painted, wes & nude woman. - A photo- graph was sent in advance for (riticism to those eminent art-critics, the membiis of tie City Government. The only criticism which they made was, that the figure of Chicago should be draped. The concession was mads by the artist, and he draped his figure. To heve com-~ pleted the farce, he should have dressed it asa gulof the period, with redingote and panier. 11:! question of nudity, in connection with “The Greek Slave,” was perhaps a mstural ometo raise at that time, as the public then was not so much accustomed to the nude figure as it is now. Itdid mot, however, intorfere with the final decision of the public, sod, of courso, it had no influence whatever upon the verdict of the critics. It made s grest pop- ular success, and it is to-day perhaps better Lnown than any other ideal figure ever produced by an American sculptor, although it hns neither the strongth of Rogers, the poetry of Akers, or the modeling of Story. One of the most search- ing criticisms which Powers has over received wag written by Jarves in the Becnn_fl Part of his ¢ Art Ides,” and as such & criticiam is more to e desired than mers fulsome eulogy, we repro- duco o portion of it. Mr. Jarves says: It would have been bettcr for the permanent fame of Powers if he bad confined himself to bust-making. ‘His facility n giving the Iikencss, rofined by bis senso of beauty and popular wax-like finish, make him tho favorite aculptor of wealth and fashion. [In this ro- spect, Mr. Powers was to sculpture what Mr. Healy 18 to painting.~Ep.] Like Sir Thomas Lowrence and Sir Thomas Lily, in painted portraits, he is sure to gratify his sitters by satisfying the superficial notions of good taste and the beautiful, Hiram Powers fitly ropresants the mechanical pro- clivities of the nation. His female statues gre tolera- bly well-modeled figures, borrowed in concoption from the socond-rate antique, somewhat arbitrarily named, all of one, monotonous tsype, but exquisitely wrought out under his supervision by Itallan artisans, By nature, Powers i3 8 mochanic, and his gtudies are chiefly in that direction. He haa pald more atteation to improving the tools with which he works thanto developing his esthetio faculty. The popular esteem for his statuary lies in its finish, which 18 like fvory- tarning. Noother American has 80 suddenly won for himself 5 Teputation; but, baing fonnded stmply on a talent for {he manufacture of pretty forms from & givon model withont sufficlent intellectusl power to ex- alt or vary his subjects, to be originel in cholce, or to’ composo 5 group, not even & student of art, but con- tent with transitory triumphs, Lis fame has no solid basis, althongh his manual akill and taste still preserva for him an honorabls rank. ‘This messurement of Powers' ability is the exact antipodes of the popular estimation in which heis held. But it must be remembered that Jarves is one of the soverest of critics, and demands that all work shall come up to the standard of the antique. In criticising the “ Groek Blave,” he places it side by sido with the Veuus of Milo, and he compares the ** Pro- sorpine” of Povvers with the Neapolitan Psyche, His criticism of other American sculptors, with the exception of Story, is as sevors in many re- spects. as that of Powers. One fact, how- over, remains beyond the reach of ecriti- cism. Powers bas refined and dignified Ame' ri- ican art, and has done as much 83 any other artist to bring it before the world, and create & place and & reputation for it. Whatever his ebilities may have been; his devotion to art has never been questioned. Hehas been a conscion- tious worker to the extent of his genius, and ha bas reflected credit upon Amorica im Europe. While ho has been very intolerant of shams, he has never been glow in his encouragement of young sertists who have manifested any signs of talent. His dosth will leave s blank in the world of art dif- fiealt to £ll, but his works will remain to bear witness to his labors, and they witl always be of interest as marking the efforts of one of the pioneers in American sculpture. When American sculpture gets beyond pediments for mantel-pieces, effigies for grave-stones, and figure-embellishments for buildings, his works will be assignod to very impertant place, Tot- withstanding Mr. Jarves’ aasertion that he has no enduring fame,—because ho did not carve the Venus of 3ilo or the Apollo Belvidere. THE LOTTERY BUSINESS. The City of Omaha has been distinguished for 8 year or more a3 the centre of a system of lot- teries, which have been largely snd liberally patronized by the credulous in all parts of the country. The mansger of these lotteries some ‘months ago sent his family to Earope. Racently, as wo lexrn from the Omahs Bee, he gave out hig purpose to go to Leavenworth to manage a lottery there, end loft the former place. Later statemonts by telegraph intimato that he has eailed for Europe also. Now comes one Mr. Donnelly, who has boen the lottery manager's” clerk, who, at thosolicitation of Beveral substan- tinl citizens who bought tickets and gat no prizes, makes tho statement on oath that the Iottory business, 8s conducted by Mr. James M. Pattes, has been frand. One branch of the frand, known to the clerk, was the sale of dupli- cate packages of tickets bearing the same num- bers. It was also stated, in the complaint, that the last “ official ” drawing was & fruud and a put-up job, ) In the absence of any detailed information, it is best to assume that this Omaba lottery caso is no worse than any other lottery case; and that the complaint of the loscrs, however well founded, is cntitled to but littlo more sympathy than that of tho losers in any other confidenco operation. Every man who buys & lottary-ticket doos so expecting to draw & prize, which is to be paid to him from the money contributed by athers. If, instead of drawing a prizo, bo finds that his money is taken to bo paid to somebody elso, or ‘appropriated di- rectly by the mansger, he is entitled to no sym- pathy. He stakes his money on the chances of gaining an enormous porceitage of profit at tho cost of others, and, it ho losos, tha beat thing for him to dois to'keep quict and make no fur- thor \'nnt}u’e of that kind. i Chicago has, wo regret to eay, been s liberal patron of theso lotterios. The California, tho Louiaville, and the Omaha lotteries have had plenty of customoxs in thia city. . The desire to gamble,ortomakemoney by chance, ia verystrong, and is not confined t6'aby class. Thousands of men who hold gambling in "horror are habitual purchasers of lottery-tickets, Rich men, poor men, laborers, men snd women of all professions and walks of life, who would send another. to jail for playing a gamo of cards for money, in- vést largely, and frequently, in lottery-tickets. They scem to recognize s difference between lot- terics and gambling. In theso Omaha lotteries, which are now said to hare been frauds, we ars informed, by s letter from Omaha, Chicago “was most forward to enrich the schemes.” That isto say, the swindlo found more dupcs hero than it did elsewbere; and the writer & suggests that Chicago onght to furnish abundant evidence of the frand, and help to convict the guilty party. Any person so disposed can write to Spaun & Pritchett, the prosecutors in the case, at Omaha. i A correspondent of this paper informs us that there are at this time in fall and saccesstui op- eration in tho alleys and back buildings around the Chamber of Commorce several places where this lottery business is:carried on under the form of selling policies. .. Thase places are main- tained by the investments of merchants, clerks teamsters, saloon-keepers, and, largely, by citi’ zons of African descent. It is estimated that one- half the wages or earnings of the latter popula- tion are ventured and lost in the purchase of policies. That these are essentially swindles onght to be evident to every one, and yét, day after day, men, claiming to be intelligent, visit mnees and the eagerness with which these men venturs their monoy go far to redeem the proprietors from the charge of intentional swindling. They are but supplying & demand— meeting &’ craving desire for a chance to get suddenly rich. - The duty of thelaw in these cases isa plain one. It ought to prohibit lotteries in every form, and, to enforce the prohibition, ought to punish everybody selling & ticket, or a ghare, or o policy with severity—making imprisonment & part of the penalty. But, to properly enforce such a law, there must be no exceptions. It will not do to suppress a grand lottery for the per- sonal profit of the managers, and then permit another grand lottery for the benefit of & so- called public charity. Itwas once considered quite the thing to provide public buildings, and even churches, from the proceeds of lotteries. ‘We do not know but that the practice is still maintsined in some of the States. Lotteries are the lowest form of gambling—as low as that knovm by the classio mamo of “nig- ger billiards.” They are demoralizing and debasing in their tendency; they have made thousands of loafers and vagrants of persons who otherwise would have been in- dustrions. “They beget a desire for sudden wealth, which, bafled in one form, naturally soeks it in another, but never by Iabor. Lotter- ics have beggared thousands of families, and es- pecially families of men of emall means. The habit of purchasing tickets, once acquired, ex- coeds in intensity the drunkard's thirst; the victim is forever excited by tho hope of gain, and is forever being dissppointed. Lotterics ate es- pocially demorplizing to the young, who are gradually led to depend upon some sudden “luck,” rather than wupon study, applica- tion, and labor. When, therefore, individuals, with more zeal than discretion, propose grand lottery achemea for the purpose of founding hospitals, libraries, opera-houses, or for other public or charitablo purposes, they ought to ba met with the samo prohibition that is encoun- tared by the man who proposes a like swindle for his private and personal benefit. There is nosuch thing as an honest lottery. Itisthe taking of one man’s property, without s con- sideration, to enrich another. Thatis dishon- esty, and it cannot bo justified by any end which moy be suggested for the employment of the proceeds. The lottery business, therefore, shonld be suppressed and prohibited, not alono in this State, but in every Btate, and should be prohibited, not only when proposed for personal profit, but whenever proposed, for whatever possible purposo or end that may be contem- plated. LOVE AND LOCKSMITHS. The experience of mankind has been that tho combined efforts of fond parents, sapient law- makers, vigorous Sheriffs, and expert locksmiths have been unsvailing when Cupid has feirly “made a eiege on the domestic citadel, with a pret- ty girl 88 a willing prize in case he can succeed. Cupid's arrows are of a kind that penetrate the thickest walls ; his strategies defy tho most per- sistent watchfulness, and his rope-ladders reach to tho top of the highest Man- sard. The Now York Legislature seems to have ignored all this, aad has very absurdly tricd to put mwp new barriers in the way of true love, that never runs smoothly at the best. The legislative wise-heads, forgetful of the days when heart-beats were quicker, or oblivious to tho joys of helf-forbidden court- ship, havo undertaken to disturb the romanco of the youth of New York State. They have passed 8 law authorizing clergymen to adm ister oaths to all persons who seek to be joined in marriage. Tho matnmonial candidates are now re- quired to testify ms to their proper age, residonce, responsibility, and such other cir- cumstances 88 the Now York Legisla- tare think® should constitate gaod grounds for gotting married. The new law Rays that {falso tostimony under these circnmstances shall subject the prevaricator to the punishment for perjury. What the Now York Legislature hoped to accomplish by making a spocial application of falseswearing tothe casesof thoso who are deter- mined to get married in spite of age, residences parental refusal of consent, andall the other impodiments to matrimony which are aptto bosot love-lorn couples, it is not easy to dis- cover. But, if it was supposed that this new law will keop peopls from getting married who have not husbands or wives living, when they have mado up their minds to join destinies for botter or worse, the conclusion was based on falso deductions from the experience of society, or very shallow observation of passing events. The Jaw may prove to ba an encouragement for perjury, like the. income-tax or the iron-clad oath, but it will never be permitted to come be- tweon two hoarts that'beat as one, or two souls with but & siogle thonght, and that on matri- mony. There is roason to predict that convictions under this new law will o very raro. Jurics have not the characteristics of stern, stolid, Brutns-like law-makers, and the majority of these peculiar groupings of twelve would listen wWith acute sympathy to the caresr of love which had overleaped the barriers of Now York legislating, and attained the fond con- summation of its longings in epite of oaths, and justices, and county clerks, and State legislu- tors. The violation of the oath in their caso would- be regarded zs fully countorbalanced by the greater sanctity of the marriago oath thus incurred under tho threst of sociely and in feor of (ho minions of the law. The probability is, that the whole problem would be summarily solved by Now York unmarricd couples going over to Jersoy, just as New York merried couples step over to Connecticut to get released. Tho Gratna Groens are not limited to Scotland, and love hasnot yot ceased to laugh’ " atlocksmiths. The difficulty which Now York legislators will find in kecping th sexes apart whon they want to geb marrio? finds & counterpart in the effort of English lawyers to keep thein together when they havo determined to go asunder. How to control the mania of elope- ments with married women has long been s perplexing question with tho British anthorities. The 1aw of England does not punish o man for sbducting another man’s wife, and the lawyers Bave been casting sbout for some other means for reaching the purloiners of domestic affec- tiona. An ingenious attorney recently founda precedent under the application of the common law, ‘in which & man who had stolen an-~ other man's wife .had been punished for stealing a coffee-pot and a ~ pair of candlesticks, which the guilty pair had taken with them. They was an effort to apply the same principle to the case of an actor who had induced tho wife of & West-End hatter of London to elope with him. The hatter’s wife bad taken her jewelry with her, amounting to £200 or £300; and, when the runsways had these places and losa their money. The readi- | exhausted herfexchequer, s thoy generally do | most attractive features shou!d be conspicaonsly in such cases, the woman had given her paramonr 8somo of the jewels to pawn. The actor was arrested on the charge of larceny, and the facts wers duly presonted to s jury, but they ro- fused to find ‘him guilty, and declared it to be tho most matural thing in the world for a woman to take her jewels with her when sho runs away from her husband, and to pawn them when her money runs out. It is mnot probable that a law which will not punish the larceny of & wife will ever again punish the larceny of her personal property taken with her. s The manifold difficnlties that beset all legiala- tion which undertakes to trip up blind Cupid in his progress are but barely indicated by the two examples that have been cited. The situation bespeaks a very serious moral as well as a hu- morous view. It shows the greater neceseity for the steady encouragement of all social influ- ences to avert the evils in the relations of the sexes which are deficiently covered or not reach- ed at all by the law, and the dnty of discourag- ing all the social innovations and experiments that maylead to guilt or folly which is amply punished with personal misery if not by law. The same day’n dispatches whick brought the nows of the death of Powers, the sculptor, also brought the news of the death of two other ar- tista: J. Insco Williams, at Dayton, Ohio, a painter of considerable local repute ; and Thornton Hunt, an English painter and art critic, son of Leigh Hunt. He was more celebrated as a critic than 28 an artist, and for 8 long time was connected with the London Spectator. He also edited his father's autobiography published in 1850, and “Teigh Hunt's Correspondencs,” which ap- peared in 1862. Of Isto yoars, he had devoted his attention almost exclusively to political af- fairs. The Vendome Colamn in Paris, which was de- stroyed by the Communists, is to be rebuilt, and the Government has detbrmined to raise the funds by selling off the effacts of M. Courbet, who was a noted Corcmunist. There is a very poetical, as well s practical, style of justice in this action of tho Government, and, although M. Courbet may very natursliy object tosuchsa disposition of his effects, if he is living, still ho should remember that he had a great deal of very cheap pleasure when the Column was de- stroyed. Tt Communists are dotermined to go round and bresk things every time thoy have & chance, they ought to be made to pay for them. ——e _ EVOLUTION IN FEMALE FASHIONS. BY MARGARET P. BUCHANAN. ‘Those who have listened during the past week to the various graduation exercises, have observ- ed that, if the next genoration of women haa not resolved to vote, it has resolved to bocome s Blue-stocking. It is commonly forgotten that the first Blue- stocking was & mm. A certain gentloman was accustomed to attond the soirees at Lady Mary Montagu's, and the gentleman wora azure hose. It often happened that conversa- tion after lunch lsgged if he ware not there; and the ladies, to excuse their dullness, or to be gonerous to the absent, were wont to cry, “Well, wo can do nothing without Bluo- stockings!” This gentleman was not learned, but merely vivacious. The conferring of the nickname upon women, and upon learned but not vivacious women, was accomplished by the jenlous malo eatirists of the period, at whoso silent heads, however, so many adolescent but indignant essays have been shot fhis week by learned girl-graduates, that the estirists’ bones ‘may’ be permitted to sleep in peace until the same weok next year, when the handful of chalk that remains of them will undoubtedly be scattored to the winds. All these girl-graduates claimed equal educa- tional rights with men. They claimed, very sen- sibly, that the world is woman’s, and all the fruits thoreof, aud that it is her privilege to pluck and eat without unwarranted or absolutoly mesn interferenco. They claimed to put their thoughts into a generalizatior, that it 18 scarcely decent, if it be quite just, for men to declare women not tall enough £o reach the boughs, and drive her from the garden, without permitting ber toextend her arm and take the apple. And while these girl-gradustes were ut- tering theso imprecations wupon the con- servatism of the past, 'a conservatism still adhored to by those prudent souls who, as Abdiel had occasion to say, had they been pres- entat the Creation, * would have sdvised God Almighty to consarve chaos” lest mischiof should coma of the new condition,—these girl- graduates, who can draw plans or the siogo of Troy ; who scan Homer and sing Anacreon to genuine Greek molodies; who ridicule sum pius Eneas snd conceive infelir Dido to have had considersble putty in. her head for such s mental fop to have made so ‘much impression on,—these radical, progressive, loarned, courageous, nay, defiant, girl-graduates stood before the public: as— Dressmakers' Montments, The dressmaker ia tha nataral foe of progres- eive womanhood. It- is not prophecy to say -that, while the dressmaker endures, women will not vote.. To vots iz mnot the end of the intellectual woman-move- ment. The ballot is an accident, not tho essen- tial, of what plain-minded women recognizo as Women's Rights.- To vote will bo the objective or possosmvo case of that substantive, as one chooses to think ; but it is not the substantive. The fashionable dressmaker not only delays, and msy defeat, tho political march of women ; but sho stands, & Michael with & flaming sword, athwart tho gatos that load to intellectual nghta for women. Manifestly, the art of eostuming. shonld he progressive. It ought to restnpon a eciencewhose ‘principlcs consider only anatomy, physiology, and good taste. Thero ehould be evolution in' faghions for women, whether there be evolution’ in the apimal kingdom or not, Manifestly, girls who "are. resolved fo' astonish mankind with the intellectnal power Iatent in a somewhat oppressed sex, will ‘spurn with anger and contempt fashions which are not survivals of the fittest. Girls who have, like Aurora Leigh, . “ Brushed with extremo flounca The circlo of the scloncos ;™. - girls who construe the sorist as easily s the French imperative, who 80 enjoy the wit of Horace that to read him in the original and in tho English pronunciation sends tears of laugh- ter down their cheels; girls who demonstrato tho binomial theorem as a recreation, and who prefer the use of logarithma to keep croquet accounts, because to fhem that is the eimplest method ~ of computing,—such girls are bound “in honmor to adopt no style of dress or adornment which is not the distinct result of evolution in style, Any one who saw theso loarned girl-graduates in their class-day costume has befors him the whole to which the tests of evolution may felio- itously be applied.’ If the existing fashiona for women be the climax of an evolation, directed by acience, there should be nothing in the style that i (1) barbarous, (2) comtradictory of sci- ence, (8) vicious, morally or physically. There should be only that resemblance between the pre- vailing style and the styles of savage ages and of nations atill savage, which would indicats & common origin and s gradual progression. Un- like animal evolution, there shonld be no essen- tial links lacking in evolution in costumes, Un- ke natural evolution, there is no great un- known in evolution in dress. . There was very little worn in the unknown period. Ifthe female fashions which prevailare the rosult of evolation, their most popular and ;bsnul from the fashions in vogue in purely baz. arons times, and among distineti Poorle, thot sndnow, ¢ o PeTely savsge The striking features of {ons are : Cnmpre!l'ion of the heart, lungs, and liver, heflt:npreanon of the feet, and tippivg of the gyei, ‘burned, and erimped hair. reckle-erasers, balms, rouge, oye. lip-carminator, and m.il-p‘mk.g o bm!-d"k' Ear-ringa. Belladonna to brighten the eyes, snd elate-pencils, and pie to whiten the face. A hump on the back. . Pans like daggers, ambrells like gh and knapsacks laborionsly buckled l::nlg;hhtb: wasted place called the waist. Bair clipped on the forahead. *Floating hair. 4 The less brains insido the he i bo:lglhtthlor the outside of it. 42 s ors e '8 ornzments poesible to be gotten o hosd, hands, tad nock. B Csxg these striking charactoristics be found in associations Tetrogressive, brutal or aboriginal? U they can, & euspicion is justified aa to whether tho thoory of evolution in female fashions be carrect. i Fosjeo belles do not know the seasons tertainments moro exciting than "iumf.’ni:' more esthatia than corn-fed missionary. Buy they dye their hair blonde, and the calves of their legs are throe times as thick as an Eng- lishman's, They vary the hue of their hair to bright red Sometimes, and infuse the picturesque into the coiffurs by means of variegated wigs, It is to be regretied thet these stylish women are treacherous, cruel, and climb & tres on ali-fonrs. Parricide is their favorite paatime when not engaged in ‘personal adomment ; they bite each other ; and mission. aries make slow progresa among them untj] after deatb Polygamy prevails, because “the cares of w household are too much for ona woman.” They have reduced the cooking cf human flesk to a fine art by icgenions culinary processes, They get storo hair very cheap Most of them have it for sale all the time, The Georgians, just south of the de- clivity of tho *Caucasus, distinguished chiefly for- their markotabla qualities, cut their bhair scross the foreheed and frizg it. The lower class of women in Peru have s similar custom. The Georgisn belles dys the palms of thelir hands red, and the heroic swains subject to the same process, and produca the like color upon their hair, beard, and naila, Tha women pencil their eyebrows, aad boih men and women calcimine their fsces red and white. The Georgian bello is quite as fictitious 88 the American, despite the fame of tne former for beauty ; and thereisno “resson to surmise that the object of the artifi- cial decoration is different in tha two cases. The Birmeso women curl their hair by very trying mothods. Their chief beauty is the fla- n2ss of theirforeheads, and if Nature unwitting. 1y make a Birmese woman's forehead upright, tke defect is corrected by pressing tke frontal bones in leaden plates. For a fashionable Yankeo girlto elovate the steel corselet that compresses her vital organs, and use it for the purpose of compressing snd flattening her forehead, would be an improve- ment. The lungs and heart would certainly be relioved, and her braia might not suffer grievons injury. g The water/all and chignon are borrowed from the lowest order of women in Japan, who hava elways had & weakness for them. In the wildest portions of Africa, as the drawings made by travelers invariably show, chiznons are worn, and, the mors dan- gerously wild the women, the greater the chignon. In Japan, also, it has been observed, the loss & woman has inside her head, the more she mansges to arrange outside of it. The tight-lacing appears to have been bore “rowed from the Circassiang. TLeir waists are bound “in leathern belts from tha hour of their birth until they tre married.” The Circassisn beauty, however, provesretogressionin ornamene tal artifice, for no real belle of the tribe ever nses cosmetics. Their chiof moral characteristic, co- equal with their beauty, is adroit knsvery. They are Spartans in theft. Each steals all she can from her neighbor., The crops are guarded by armed men. 9 The floating hair is the fashion of Bohemis. ‘Which may account for the favor the style finds the prevailing fash. arsenis among literary women. The women of Bohe- mia are simplo in their lives, and live toan ad- vanced age. The hump on the back is not a proof of evo Intion ; but is a recurronce,—as Agnssiz would 8ay,~=a recurrence to the type of the camel. There seems to be absolutely no progression in cosmetics. The Kamschatkan hag performs her matutinal toilot by smearing her face with red and white 85 soon as she emerges from ber hovel. It was undoubtedly from & contempls~ tion of herin a foreign fashion-plate the bard arose to remark that besuty unadorned 's adorned the most. It is the Greek girl, unfit for honorable use in life, who traces faint blus lines underher eyelid to indicate physical fragil- ity, 18 if it were not apparent enough. The Arab women darken their eyebrows and eyelashes, but tiot them blue for full dress and Sunday=- They swear more successfully than our army ix Flanders. The Bedouins dismount long enough to paint their arma. Tho ear-ring barbarism is ancient, and a survi- val of the unfittest ; therefore a type preserved. But the haut fon of the wildest Arab tribzs show @ slight vanation from tho type, and s marked improvement upon it. They slip a littlo pieca of glasa through the cartilage of the nose, and mtilizo the incisive bok graceful little fancy by appending th«r?- to 'a heavy metal ring, which hts to be deli~ cately drawn asido when food is offered to the esophagus. The Patagonians sent us the stsls of putting little black patches on the face. The. Persians wear all the bracelets they can stesl, and carry gold scent-boxes around their necks- {t is asanitary messure with them. "The by~ sinians wear Lttle images about their necks, The Esquimaux, s_people noi given fo manufse~ _turing industries, nevertheless gob and kesp upon their persons everything they can. Tha Calmuck wears sbells in her ears. ~Tobacco i8 her narcotic, and she is 8 good match for sa 0 trich'in & race. Greek nymphs have looking: glasses in their fan-handles, and tie the fans to their persons. The bello of Makova wesrs het obstinata hair in’ curl papers. The Tariere and the Indies of the Carolina Islands'deck theit chignons with fenthers and ‘flowers. The Bir- 1mese women, the most licentious of “Asis, drapd their bosoms with gauze. Retro ica sgain; civilized women throw the g8 off. ' Mademoiselle of Mskovs, WEER is behind Mozambique, puts an ivory ring i ket upper lip, and usee it for a handkerchief. Tha surviving Amazons wesr sword-belts, knapescke !: and other weapons, defensive and :fifmfi"' bt they know enough to let the shoulders 53 port the belts. d Lk Darwin contends that thero i3 s .cODE strugglo for oxistenco among species, sod b4 only the fittest survive. Agassiz SE that tho constant temdency of nature if 10 meintain tho original types; thorefors, n svclntion. Pe thero has. bzen mo i testimony ‘enough has been 4utfr-¥' = support of_ tho theory of Agaseizin 1%L fashiona. Every form of adornment and e of defacoment and defilement pow “existiog &y be found almost continuously under fi;“u absolately aboriginal and savage condi % o atype disappears in ope generation, or nation, it is cortain to recer in the next.ud i : The prevailing fashions bave pges_erfiom wd thing _ridiculous ' esthetically, mjurione 4 enfecbling physically, und vicions O Tha Greeks and ~Ciccassisns, . ‘;A iy the. weakest and tho most artifi Sogradel men, are the most inene and e o A’ generatinn, mcr ‘;k“hmna\'u‘ Te il women, piysically wesk, can ived lectually strong. The ineguality m‘“%, between American men and WOMED " o or indirectly cal, and jts jmmediste g1 are fashions 1§h ross and tashionxblo Ui oot society. While these remain, 8% to,)smd equal educational facilities and int And whst political equality is wasted breath. A% oy are the learned girl-graduates going %0 it? | | T e eV TP T TR B T T T T L AT et e e ety e e