Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 25, 1873, Page 8

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, MAY 25, 1873. : TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION (PAYABLT IN ADVAKCE). Dailx, b '...$12.00 | Sundas. 82.50 Tri-Wocl &80 ey ilt] Partsoia the same rate. To prevent delay and mistakes, bo suro and give Post ClEco rddresa in foll, inclading State znd Connty. -+ Temittarcas may be medo efther by draft, oxpress, Post Office order, or in registered loiters, £t our riske. TERMS TO CITY BUDSCRITERS. Dzils, dolivered, Sunday excopled. 25 cents per week. Dally, delivered, Sunday included, 80 centn per woek: Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corncr Madison and Dearborn-sts., Chicago, Tl BUSINESS NOTICES. RUPTURE GURED BY DR. MARSH'S PATENT Radical Caro - Trnss. Spinal * curvafare, bow lezs, clubegL e:;{. mg‘chx;r.iaflly x‘xvllqd. e L.io. uf;‘-l fromniet, it il intirmnent SIS Samtpieet ingtoa.st. The Chivage Cribune, Sunday IMorning, May 35, 1873. THE JUDICTAL ELECTIOR. The present Judges of the Circuit Court of this coutity heve announced their candidacy for re-election. Previous to 1870, Judge Williams +was the sole Judge of the Circuit Court in this county, and Judge McAllister was Judge, of the Recorder's Court. By the new Constitution, the number of Circuit Judges'was increased to five, three to be elected on the day of tho ratification of thenew Constitution, and one by the aboli- tion of the Recorder's Court and the transfer of the Judge thereof to the Circuit Bench. At the * election of Judges held in August, 1870, Messrs. Booth, Rogers, and Farwell were elected. But, at the same time, Judge McAllister was elect- ed Judgo of the Supreme Court. The vacaney thus made on the Circuit Beach was not filled until November, 1871, when Judge Tres wos olected. Whon these Judges were chosen it was supposed they were elected for thefull term of six years. Un- der that impression these soveral gentlemen gaveup their practice and their business. It was nob until within & very short time that a more carcful examination of the Constitution disclosed that all Judges of the Circuit Court srero to be chosen on the first Monday in June, 1873, without referonce to tho dato of their pre- vious election. Judge Willinms has been Cireuit Judge of this sounty ever since 1864, when he succeeded Judge Lfanierre; three of the olher Judges have held offico since 1870, and one since 167L.. Each of them has borne & conspicuous part: in the ju- Gicial business of this city ; each has served in the Law, Chancery, and Criminal branches ; they have been occupied all the time, each term lasting until the beginning of the moxt one. Thoy havo tried all manner of cases, and the public and the Bar have had an excellent oppor- tunity of judging of their ability, their fairness, their fidelity, and, sbove ell, their integrity. During their whole term of service no person has questioned the honesty of. cither.one of these five Judges, nor is there any person who now hias eny serions complaint to make of either Judgo, though some members of the Bar would probably like to make a change hero or there. Having five Judges who, at the close of their service, stand before the community unques- tioned by any one upon any grave or matericl points, why ehould they not be re-eleciai? The -City 6f Chicago bas been exceadingly _uriunate in maintaining en sble and upright -judiciary; and the fact of having honest conrts is of con- sidersble importance to the character of a com- merecial city. While thero are' members of_the Par tho equals in all respects of the gentlemen now on tho Bench, and who would make equally nseful and creditable Judges, it does not follow fthat that is sny reason for o change. The offics of Judgo 1s one to which no man should be ele- vated-for any resson save his« ‘ocity and fit- ness. | The possession of these qualities cen be best tested after a thorough trial in the office it~ sc¢if. When judicial officers are found who are zbove rcpronch or complaint, to change them is to' venture wupon an experiment, which is open to dangerous consequences. The election of five Judges by general ticket is an importsnt duty. Once propose to make a change for change sake, and for every lawyer whowould make » good Judge there will be three adven- turers running ‘a8 candidates; and in such a contest the chances are that whatever change is mado will be the substitution of some witless, characterless hangers-on at the Bar in place of- +L:s deposed Judges. There is no reason why any respectable member of the Bsr may not be prescnied by bis friends as s ‘candidate to be elected a8 one of the five Judges; but there are candidates who are not fit to be elected, and the public safety, wothink, suggesta that the people, . whosé interests are so - deeply st stake, should voie for tha re-clection of the present Judges. It shonld b'u borne in mind slso tliat votes are required £ cloct, and that staying swsy from the polls is not the way to elect good Judges. ) THE DOCTRINE OF LOCAL OFTION. Among the numerous ‘legisiative remedics euggested for the ovil of intemperance is that known as *Local Option,” which prevails in Pennsylvania. Tt rcfers the question of prohibi- tion to every town or city to decide for itself, {free tfaffic in liquor or prohibition following the majority of legal votes cast in favor of one or the other.. To those who are accustomed fo re- gardthe ‘majority a8 infallibly right, or even those who believe that the ruling sentiment of the msjority ust regulste the peraonal conduct, habits, and preferences of the minority, this solution of tho temperance question'will especially recommend itself. It has, indeed, many sadvortages over ‘prchibition by & Btate Yote, since, the communitios that are thus con- strained: according to one rulein-thouss of stimulants are smeller, and those who feel that their personal libertyisunwarrantebly interfered svith may choose o mors congenial residenco with 1ess inconvenience, expense, anddiscomfort. The objections to tho syetem are the same as those which msy_ be urged to all prohibitory legisla- tion, ss limiting the exorcise of personal freedom in the use of stimulants in a manner not demsnded by the : welfaro of society, and shaped rzther vpon the prejudices of tho ma- Jarity than the necessitios of a police regulation. In Pennsylvenia, the validity of the law was con- tested on the ground that the Legislature, in -passing it, hed virtually delogatedthe law-making power, which it hadno right to do. The Su- -preme Court held, however, that this was not the cace, and the law romains with the distine- tion of prodrcing the moct hotly-contested local elections which the people have ever had. Tho New York Legislature recently passed s Local-Option bill, modeled after the Pennsyl- ~anis law, but Gov. Dixvetoed it. The reasons which he has given for withholding his assent +are of considersble interest. He does not doubt 4hat intemperanco is the sotirce of s large pro- portion of the grime, paspeiiam, and misery of tho community; he expresses himself in favor of any plan calculated to check intemperance; and he believes in the right of the people to. regulate their local affairs in such menner =3 they deem to be for their welfare. But he believes that the Local- Option bill is a limitation of their right to do this. ''The Sapreme Court of New York has held that ale, beer, and cider are to be classed with intoxlcating drinks, and, therefore, under the Local-Option bill, the people would have to voto for the prohibition of ale, beer, and cider If they *desired to prohibit the sale of whisky, brandy, and other alcoholic drinks. . Gov. Dix points out that there is & very large and growing class of people who believe that alo, beor, and cider are rather safeguards against the vice of intemperance than promotors of it. He evidently bolieves 8o him- self, though he does not eay#o. But ho holds that the neceseary prohibition of these malt drinks in & community which desired to prohibit the salo of spirituous liquors constrains a free expression of opinion at the polls. It might be that those who would vote for prohibiting. the sale of alcoholic drinks, if ale, beer, and cider could be exempted, would refuse to votafor & prohibition that should, include theso drinks. Gov. Dix does mot. exy that the Leg- islature ought io make an exception 1n favor of ale, beer, and cider, but he says that the law should have been framed insucha manneras to leave each community free to de- cide whether it would prohibit the sale of epiritu-~ ous liquore alone, and tolerate malt drinks, or prohibit them all, or refuse o prohibit any of them. There were other points of objection which Gov. Dix made to the bill, but this is the only one of general interest. ‘When the bill first passed the New York Legis- islature, it received 65 votes in favor of it. When the vote was taken on passing it over the Govornor's veto, it received but 52 votes. This difference would indicate that Gov. Dix's reasoning had made & favorable im- pression on & part of the Legislature, since tho ultra, " uncompromising temperance men de- nounced his action and made the fight, after the veto, in order to have their record as strong as possible. . Gov. Dix went so far as to say that the bill, as it passed, was more likely to promote the evils it was intended to check than to remove them. This featuro of the case, outside of all reference to the doctrinoe of Local Options, should commend itself to the attention of everybody who is giving any considoration to tho policy of enforced temperance. The ques- tion is whether the general acd unrestricted use of ale, bear, cider, and native wines (which will not intoxicate unless, as Gov. Dix eays, they are taken in uncomfortsblo qusntities) is not moro likoly to limit the vice of intemperance than if thé crusade against spirituous liquors is made to prohibit them. also. This.question isof im- portanco whether thera is an issue of prohibition or not. If alo, beer, cidor, and native wines may .be made ‘active temperance agents by displacing the common American habit of - taking strong drinks, ss many people are coming to bolieve who would not formerly listen to such s doctrine, then it is certain that there should be no political, legislative, or social ‘movement against these agencies. Thisis about what Gov. Dix meant in higveto of the Local- Option bill us it was passed. : DARWIR—AGASSIZ. The believers in the Darwinian. theory—of Darwin himself has never claimed for 1t.any higher- value or authority than that of a con- . jecture supported by some curious facts. Dar- ‘winicm is not one of the positive sciences. Its conclusions are not yet suscoptible of demon- stration by the five scnses. Nor is it one of the inductive sciences. It does mol proceed from known facts to a generalization of the order.of nature. It depends altogether upon @ priori reasoning. - Enown rezemblances of species have suggestod to Mr. Darwin, as they had previously suggested to the author of Vestiges of Crea- tion, the possibility that all apimated pature, including man, might have been propagated -from & single germ . through successive ‘ages of evolution., To show how this might have heen accomplished, Mr. Darwin published his work on Selection in Relation to Sex, exhibiting & teridency on the part of animals to propagate and preserve the race from the highest and most perfect ‘specimens, while the weaker and loss perfect are crushed out in the struggle for existence. To this fancifal idea Dr. Bastian has added another, that the original germ may have been’ produced by the operation of naturo from inanimate vege- table matter. He claims to have produced Bacterie—microscopic snimal germs—from solu- tions or.infusions of hay,. turnips, and. ofher vegetable substances which- bad - been sub- jectéd to heat Euficient to have lilled any animal life, and which, having -been inclosed in air-tight . vessels, could not have received any animal germs.from the atmosphere.. The French chemist, Pastcur, denies stoutly the possibility of pfoducing ani- mal life in this way, alleging that Dr. Bastian's experiments ara unsatisfactory, since_the hént which he employed was only 212 degrees Fahren- heit, the boiling point of water, whereasit should have been fally 1,000 degrees tomake sure of. the destruction of all animal life contained in’ the infasions. ; Notwithstanding the undemonstrated plight of the Darwinian theory, eo-called, the number of its adherents i large, and embraces 80 many of the foremost thinkers of the age that it is deom- ed necessary for writers on tho philosophy of life now-a-days to. declare themselves for or against -if, -and even -religious publications have began to inquire how their respective croeds will square with it, if, in the fature, it shall be accopted as an ex- planation of the origin. of msn. Mr. W. B. Greg, in his late volumé on the Enigmas of Life,—n very profound and ennobling work:in ‘many respécts,—makes thestartling remark that there ,are very fow thinkers ‘who have given an unprejudiced - examination “to the Darwinian theory who have not given their adhesion to it —a statement which wa take leave to deny very roundly. Certainly thore isnot a more careful investigator of natural science in the world than Prof. Agussiz. This learned sarant recently.do- livered & lecture at the ifusoum of Comparative Zoology, st Cambridge, Mass, on - the braing- and mental powers of the lower animals, " in which he practically demoliahed the so-called science of Phrenology, and inci- dentally gave s sovere thrust at the Darwinian theory. All animal life, unless derived from the division of another like itself, he says, procecds from zn egg, or ovale. This egg never develops “into anything superior to the parent arganism ‘It'may, snd sometimes does; develop into some-* thing jh‘%fior, but there'is no instance in which it hes been known to yield, or evalve, any higher type than itaelf. hether any progressive ovG- whom there aré many—are apt to forget that Mr. | Jution can bo traced throngh successive geologi-. cal epochs is a question a8 yet wholly unde- tormined, with nothing in the observed facts of the presout epoch to favor such a supposition. 1 ledve' that part of tho subject,” Le eays, ¢ out of considoration now, because it requircs a vast array of geological and palmontological facts for which we may not "have time in this course. I confine mysolf now to the history of the egg, and repest emphatically that, as far as we know, the cgg evolves nothing but what it has roceived from progenitors, aud doos not necesgarily evolve that, in' every caso, wholly or uninterruptedly, thero being sometimes a break in the continuity of inherited fortunes, and a re- production of thom after a lapse of ono or more gonerations,” ‘Wo give place to Prof. Agassiz’ locture, with the accompanying illustrations, in another part of this paper, and invite attention. to it as one of the most interesting of modern scientific dis- cussions. K MARRIAGES. The question which creed shall have the social and educational cherge of children born of & marrisge between a Roman Catholic and a Protestant, has rocently come up in England in a very interesting form, a8 it involves many of the nicest points of the question. The case, briofly etated, is as follows: -On the 17th of March, 1854, Thomas Androws, & Roman Catho- lic, marriod one Ellen Floetcroft, a Protestant. Bofore the marringe, & solemn compact Was ontered into by the parties, that, if the marriego should have issue, the sons should bo brought up in the faith of .the father and the danghtors in that of the mother.- One son and onedaughter were born, and, in pursuance of the agreement, the son was baptized in tho Roman Catnolic faith and the daughtor in the Protes- tant, the latter having Protestant sponsors ap- proved by the father. In tho year 1863, how- ever, the fatherfellill, and, disregarding his com- pact, while Iying at tho point of death ho exccatod a document which purported to direct the educa~ tion of both children in the Roman Catholic faith, ond appointed his brother, Josoph An- drews, also s Roman Catholic, their guardian. No notica, however, was taken of the documont until the year 1870. Meanwhile the father died, and tho widow married again; and tho danghter, who had been left utterly destitute, was for nine years sfter her father's death maintaindd and educated by her grandmother in the Protestant faith. In 1871, the guardian, Joseph Andraws, claimed possession of the child in order that she might be gsent to & Roman Catholic school. ; The grandmother naturally disputed tho claim, whereupon the guardian, in Febraary last, applied to the Court of Queon’s Bench for a writ of habeas' corpus ordering the grand- mother to produce the dsughter, that she might be given up to her testamentary guardian. The case was very fully hedrd, and tho Court in its decision declared that the right of the father was paramount and conld not be affected by the ante-nuptial agreement. . Tho Court said: “Ii is with great regret that we, therofore, feel our- selves bound to hold that, assuming the validity of the guardian’s sppointment, and notwith- standing the latenoss of tho application snd tho apparent harshness of such a proceeding to- wards the grandmothor of the child, we Lave no discretion to refuse the writ, and we should be bound to hand over the child to the custody of the guardian 88 the only custody legally free from restraint.” . The decision closed, however, with the intimation that, * In dealing with ques- ‘tions of this nature, the Court of Chancery, ex- erting the prorogative of the Sovercign as par- ens palriz, has sssumed 8 more extensive au- thority than that" exercised - by the com- mon-law courts. . To that ~prorogative the - friends of the child thon rmade appoal. ‘After the judgment of the Court of Queen’s Bonch, sn spplication wes made to° the Vice-Chancellor for an injunction fo restrain the guardian from interforing with the custody of the infant, and it was granted by him. The order was appealed against by the guardian, but the Vice-Chancellor’s decision was. sustained by the Lords Justices, and tho child was given to ber grandparenis to bo educated as a Protes- tant. The three principal points decided by tho Lords Justices were as follows : 1. Thatan agreement of the. kind made by Andrews and his wife is not, binding a5 a logal contract, and thet the father has the right to determinein what :religion the child shall be educated, and that right cannot- be surrendered by any agreement into which he may enter. 2. That the fathier may waive or abandon his ‘Tight to have his child educated in his own relig-" ‘jon by iicts which amount to abandonment, and | that the husband waived his right by not telling his wife when the girl was born’ that he wished her to be baptized as & Catholic, by his not hav- ing shown any displeasure when she was bap- tizod a8 & Protestant, and by having concealed {from his wife the making of his will. Fnrther- “more, that' Joseph'Andrews, qu guardian, lost his rights under the will. by not asserting his “ authority for - years, and by hisinot having ob- . jected to or opposed the Protestant training of the infant until 1871, eight yoarsafter the father died. : 3. That when the fathor has so far waived or abandoned his right, the interosts of . the child arc tobe considered and followed. - In fixing these interents, the Court decided them from the ‘temporal point of view entirely, as her religions principles had not become fixed to any such de- greo that a change would materially affect thom. Inthe judgment it was said that the mother's rolatives had acquired o strong taffection for the girl, and the girl for them, and,tas she must bo educated by charity, it was better for her thet she should bo intrusted to those whoso kindness she had already experienced. N The decision is an eminently just one. If the mother had been a Catholic, under this decision tho child would have been educated as a Catho- lic. There was, thersfore, no discriminstion in s religions point of view. Tho right of the father to dictato the education of his children was clearly established, but; under the Ilaw, he had abandonod. that right by not.demanding it. Correct 08 the judgment was under the law and from an abstract legal point of view, thers is only one matter which is left open for discus- gion, and that is, the equity which allows the husbend to break at will a clear and rensonable agreement with his wife in & matter g0 important as the -religious education of children. Some of the English papers are al- ready making an issue upon this very case in favor of infasing equitable principles into the administration of the common las. The astronomers have got by theears. Oneof the profession recently discovered a ‘plenet be-" tween Mercury and the sun. Immedistely cams another astonomer and laid claim to the dis- covery, which he had made some time before. And then anotler who asserted that there ware two planets between Mercary and the sun. And then still another, who says thore are no plenets ot all in that quarter. The four have commenced s pitched battle. Other astronomers, young aud old, little and big, learned and mnlearned, are mixing in the quad- rilateral fight, and the way in which spheroids, tangents, right ascensions, left declinations, parallaxes, planes, ecliptics, and other things ‘are flying back and forward,is a caution to peoplo with weak nerves. It is ovident fromall this that these people, whose concerns are prin- cipally with the stars, are very carthly in some of their habits, ’ HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMAN, Among the subjects discussed at the recent Bocial Scienco Convention held in Boston was “The Higher Education of Womsn,” in which Col. Higginson, Prof. Agessiz, Presidont Eliot, wof Harvard, President Raymond, of Vasgar, Mrs. Julia Ward Howe, and othor persons of dis- tinction, took an nctive part. The interest of the subject was considerably enhanced by the emi- nenco of the debaters and the different viows which they advanced. In the course of his re- marks, President Eliof said that it was always a marvel to him how different people arrived at different conclugions with the same facts before them, and through .the same process of reasoning. It is on’ this ‘account, however, that Social Science.Conventions have a value for the community, and- it wes particalarly unfortu- nate for the causo of woman in this™ particular discussion that Mra. Julis Ward Howe lost her temper, and thereby furniched the scoffers with material for maintaining that women are mnot adspted for deliberative discussions, thongh the point was not made against hor. Col. Higginson read the paper on ‘Tho Higher Education of Woman " whith gave rise to the discnssion. Col Higginson is an expo- nent of the doctrine that * Les races se femini- sent.” He claimed that man is byno means siiro- of -retaining his superiority. , He even intimated that the distinctive ad- vantages of ' the male portion of the ‘human race are gradually being sbsorbed by the femalo portion, though he did not say whother or not the female portion is likely to lose its distinc- tive advantages with thenewgain. He isnot only an outspoken advocate of opening the doors of tho higher collegiate cducation to womon, but of the joint and co-ordinate education of the sexes in the same ‘colleges. * He opposed himself to what he held to be three popular fallecios on this subject, viz: That women require different diet because of their physical differences; that thoy are -inferior : to men - intellectually; and that - they labor under -s hopeless physi- cal inferiority. His observations have been, that the laws of digestion are the same in men and women, and, thereforo, do mot affect tho relations of sexes. His conclusion is, that if they can sasimilste the ssme food physically they may also digest the same mental pabulum. On the subject of hopeless intellectual inferi- ority he did not dwell long, as indecd there was ' little roason for doing, since the fallecy has been exploded in.a thousand instances, which ars at tho tongue's end of every one interested in the sdvancement of woman. He scoffed at the Michelot theory of woman's constitutional frailty, and cited instances in which the female sox had borne up with equal success under sovere mental discipline. The death record of Oberlin College is one of the best instances he ‘brought forward. Out of eighty-four young 1adies who have graduated from this institution sinco 1841, seven have died, or ono in twelve; ont of %8 young mon who have graduated durisg the same time, thirty-four have died, or one in eleven. Tho subsequent pursuits of theso collegiates, however, mey have had much 1o do"with determining this result. Col. Higgin- son advanced the curions idea that- it will be the young women of the middle and pooror classes who will avail themselves of the fature oppor- tunitics for higher education. This opin- jon was evidently based upon the ground that -the ‘pursuit of social and fashionable influence absorbs the time and attention of the young women in the wealthier classes; but it is to be hoped that, if women 'aro to enter tho ‘higher fields of education to the same extent as men, the wealthier classes will share the advan- tages as much among the women 28 among the men. Concorning the just education of the outh of both sexes, Col. Higginson's opinion is, that fhe growing favor-of the electivo system of stady in our colleges will cause it to act as an important agent in bringing both sexes together in the same institution. The goneral adoption of thissystem would then meet the objection that tho system of education for woman ehould be more elastic than that for man. . Col. Higginsonzolied mainly upon-the resuits of the-joint system at Cornell and Oberlin, and in the public schools, to confirm his position. The discussion which followed the reading of Col. Higginaon's paperwas varied - and instruc- tive. -All united in the belief that woman should be accorded facilitios for higher education, but they differed a8 to the means. Prof. Agassiz . Balatka now has the proposition under consid- has been s practical worker in this field; for it was he who threw open the doors of tho Har- vard Maseam (which is not strictly, governed by the discipline of Harvard College) to both soxes. Itis aleo his intention to open the Anderson School of Natuiral History, which may now be - regarded. as & fait accompli; to young womon a8 well as to_ young men, and he stated that he had received about an equal number of spplica- tions for admission from both soxes. He could not n.gms with Col. Higginson, however, on the laws of digostion. His"own observation has been that the preferences, appetites, and needs of women with roference to'diet were not the same a8 those of men ; but he did not know that this should necessaily affect their mental disci- pline.” President Baymond, who_is at the head of & college for-women, i8 60 much in favor-of ‘their higher education that he even condescoud- od to say that, soma time, Vassar Collego might throw openitsdoors foyoung men. President El- jot,of Harvard, oppoacd the general application of the joint- education of gexes to all the higher institutions. He holds'that the system is sa yet experunental, and that it would be little short of folly to jeopardize the usefulness of such ani- vorsities 83 Harvard, Yalo,:and the like, by in- troducing thie practice of co-education of sexes until the prosent experiment should be demon strated to be a succers. He isalso strongly im- pressed with tho belief that the lesson of those experiments {8 Dot in favor of the system, and he pomts to Oberlin College, and Prosident Fairchild's experience, a8 farnishing the reasons for this conclusion. Oberlin began by admit- ting. girls and boys alike to the collego course, and it sdmits them still ; but a separate courng of.instruction has already been’ estab- lished for the girls. The last catalogue of Ober- lin shows that there are 140 girls in what is called the Ladies’ Department-and only 8 in the college. Tho proportion of girls in the college ia constantly failing, while the number of girls in the separate department is constantly increas- ing. . Pm'sldenz Eliot says that this is also tho caso in many other Western institutions whero girls and boys are educated together, and that the &latron of Oberlin College, after a long ex- perience, told him that she would nof allow her daughter, or any other girl in whom ehe was in- terested, to go through the regular college ccurse. The most practical suggestion which President Eliot made was that those intorested in the highor education of women should ondoavor to build up day-schools of & high standard rather than boarding-schools of any kind, where it re- quires special care to provent evil in the contact of o large number of girls. At this point, AMrs. Julia Ward Howe lost her temper, and the dis- cussion was Boon brought to a closo. All who took partin this discussion, in one way or another, favored the enlargement of the educational facilities for the female sex, and the best sentiment of tho time and country will be found to agree with them. As to the co-ordinate education of the soxes, there are already enough institutions that have applied the system to demonstrate its advantages and disadvantages. During this ex- perimental epoch females have hardly any more right_to demand admission into colleges for males than the malo sex have to demand admis- gion to educational institutions for females. The latter would be regarded as a piece of inex- cusable impertinence BEVIVAL OF MUSIC IN CHICAGO. The success of the Cincinnati Festival is al- ready boginning to make itself felt in o ‘musical revival in Chicago. The lothargy which has fol- nium, 3 THE PASS BYSTEM. The roprosentatives of the principal companies of the country are at present agitat-: ‘| ibg the feasibility of abolishing the free-pass system. The cvils of that system aré 50 8Ppa~ rent that it is almost nnnecessary .to mention | them, and yet, when the railwsy officials have the remedy in their own hands, it is extremely’ doubtfnl whether thoy will have the courage to apply it, although they 2re unanimously sgreed: that it should be done. In one direction, how- ever, they havo made progress. A correspond- ent writes: “Hitherto the railroed companies ‘have carried visitors to and from the State fairs at greatly reduced rates.’ Articles intendsd for’ exhibition have been transported free. This' generous policy has been abandoned. The com- panies have decided to exact full tariff ‘rates in future. They avow s willingneas to- oblige the Bocieties, but olaim that to favor them would discriminate - against rogular ‘travelers. The same reply has been given to applicants on be- Balf of political conventions. . The State Repub- lican Convention of Iowa received the first re- fusal. Religious societies are treated in the’ same manner. There is .o discrimination.” This is & long step forward 'in rail- rond reform, since there is no - good reason why politicians, ministers, or ahy- other people attending fairs and conventions, should travel at Iower farea than people on the same train attending to their ordinary buainess. In other words, the roads have mo right to dis- criminate agamst rogular travelers. Bat, having reached this position, it is strange that they do not see that the free passis & still worse dis- lowed tho fire 13 at last broken, and the musical elements of tho city are beginning to crystallizo into shapo again, and so rapidly, that it will not be long before Chicago will resume her old placo 88 ono of the great musical centros of the conn- try. The regeneration has commenced in a very remarkable way. Hitherto, the most of our ' musical, succesges ~have grown - oub of an «influence exorted by the Ger- mans upon the Americans, This time it is an American influence which has caused the awakening and which is inspiring the Germans to a stronger effort than ever boforo.. It has, in fact, become a necessity for them to rouse them- solves and do something, if they wish to preserve their old supremacy. Before the Cincinnati Festival, the Apollo Olub had already causod an \incasiness in the German societics: Although -an American organization, it boldly entered into the Gorman field, and iis progress was so rapid that it soon - placed itself st the hoad of our local societies and excelled the Gormans on their own ground. With euch a competitor, they felt tho necessity for action, and the succinct account of the con- dition and operations of their societies, which we publish clsewhere, showa thet they have been at work developing their resonrces and strengthenizg their material. * Then came tho Cincinnati Fostival, three-fourths of its musical organization being American. Its effect upon the German element is ehown by the extracts from the Illinois Staats-Zeitung and the Tesfliche Pos, two of the most reliable musical papers in the country, which we publish elsewhere. The Germans know very well that one of their strongest holda upon the sympathy and admirationof the Amen- can peoplo bas been that of music. -They have waked up in time to realize that their hold is weakening, and that the ecepire may elip from their grasp unless they show that.they are worthy -to wield it by more decided action than they have exhibited for s few years past. Especially is this true in Chicago. It were useless to deny that,” whatever "has been accomplished in music heroin the past, was ac- complished by the Germans. The pioneers of ‘musicin Chicago were Bergmann, Ahner, Unger, Lob, Balatka, and othors,—all Germans. The Philharmonic Society owed ita great success to the Germans. The Germans gaveus our first orchestras. A German opera froupe com- pelled the Italian troupes to give us better performances. The Germsn einging societies have lived to see scores of American societies go out of sight. Binco tho fire, howovar, the Ger- mans have done nothing here in' music. It was reserved for an American societyto give the first impulse to music, and at last, 28’ we have said, the Germans have realized the importance of the situstion. They have recently taken an impor- tant step, in which not only the musicians but all tho prominent German citizens have participated. This step is tho reorganization of the old Chicago Liederkranz, and the organization of a first- class orchestrs, For the accomplishment of these purposes, s large number of the leading German citizens have met and subscribed a ‘handsome guarantee fand, and tendered the lead- ership of the society and orchestrs to Hans Balatks, formerly of this city, and now leader of the flourishing Milwaukee Musical Society. M. eration, but we feel authorized in eaying that he will accept it, and como here and give his best energies to the work, and that he will ‘organizo his orchestra upon the plan of the New York Philbarmonic Orchestrs, which Tie OmoAco TRIBUNE has 0 often sdvocated as the only sound plen; that i, to make tho musieiang themselves. intercsted in concorts, on the co-. operative plan. As this is a public matter in* which all are intorested, it will gusranteo us in making the following extract from a pri- vate letter wo have roceived. Mr. Balatks says: A musician should be progressive. It is true I do nob think that every simple motion is progress; but my judgment in this respect is governed by tho same principles which tell me that not everything written by Beethaven, o~ zait, and other masters is sublime 'and heaven-: 1, but that just and sound citicism must reject many of their works as antiquated or inferior to their best. My motto is eclectic:- Select the best from the best. My aim will be to produce all compositions in “an abso- luzely' faultless. manner, and secure for Chicago an orchestra’ that would'be = credit to any city in the Union.” Inthess few words Mr. Balatka has sounded the keynote of success. Ho will find excellent materisl here foran or- chestra, Heo hag tho advantage of knowing the people and what they want. Ho is one of the. few musical conductors in this country whose reputation has exceeded local bounds, and no one can doubt his enthusissticdevotion to music as an art or his indomitable ' indus- try. It ho will but keep that one word ‘“progress” steadily in view, wehave no doubt of his ultimate successand & rich reward for former impecunious yeara of toil. He will receive & hearty welcome from his German friends, and, we doubt not, Ameri- cans, remembering his former services, will also extend & cordial and helping hand to Lim in his greatwork. The time was never more oppor- tugo for musical Tegeneration, and American crimination. If Arides free on a railrond, B has to suffer for it, and where any considerable percentage of travel is gratuitous,” the burden upon the - rest is . dn onerous one.. Transportation is 83 much s matter of consumption as anything elss in the market. The recipients of railroad passes do not get'}: their clothing free or their flour free; why ghould they. get their railroad travel free? Weat legitimate' equivalent do they render to offset this favor? What right has s failroad company to impose a tax upon freight in order [, to offset tho decresse in pssscnger receipts caused by the granting of frce pnssea? The President of the Union Pacific Rosd - said in a recent conversation - that the- grant- ing of passes was o loss of hundreds of thoussnds of dollars yearly to -that road, and this has led to the sbolition of tho' system. The same is true of every road in pro- portionate degree, and it is greatly to-be ro gretted that they do not follow the action of the |: Union Pacific. Another strong point against the pass-system is the fact that the discrimination |’ is in favor of & clasa who can -afford to pay their fares. The ‘boggars for pases are Congressmen, State legislators, merchants, capitalists, - editors, and others who . have no. need of them. Poor men don’t got pesses; it is the wealthy ' and- influential - only who are able to procure such favors, and they aro justthe omes whodo not mneed them. The middle classes and the poor are day supporting the passenger business of the railroads in this country. It is s system, more- | WA over, which cannot - be ‘used without being sbused. Sharp as the failroad officials may |’ fancy themselves, hundreds of passengers are riding every day whohave no right to, and passes are hawked abont from hand to hand, notwiih- standing tho announcements ox their backs that they are not transferable. It is an injustice not only to the railroads, but to the entire class of travelors who are compelled fo pay their fares, and the railroad companics -are not doing their duty by their stockholders, or by. the community. in general, 8o long as they refase to check the evil. The application of the remedy shouid be| made universsl. No man can' show any good reason why he should travel free, any moro than he can- show & good reason why he should go to a tailor's and get asuit of clothes free. As long as the may be, or how high in station. Thers shonld | ‘be no exceptions, not even among railroad men. It an agent of the Burlington Road travels upon the Tllinois Contral Road, he should pay his fna,' and vice versa. All should be brought to the same standard. i . ! The result of this would be not only a great increase in the roceipts of the' roads, but the public and the roads would speedily come to . mutual understanding: They would be mutual- 1y independont of "each.other in mtters where’ independence is desirable. Tho roads would be more free to act, and more likely. to act, in the, publio would be banefited becauso the roads| would be more amenable to criticism than ‘they tain them. .The acceptance of & free pass neces sarily involves's prejudice, if nothing -worse, in- favor of the road which grants it. The roceiver | has no other equivalent which.he can: render, and tho time will come’ sooner or later whon he must perform the servico for -which the: pass was given. As' ‘long- as - Congrees= men and State legislators havo - -their pockets “fall of _ railvond.. passos, it s \Pate RO a0 B o Y ” in which B impossible to completeiy broak up railroad cot- || ruptions or do away with the' burdensome exac- tions of passenger fares' and freight -fariffs,- which fall upon thiose who cannof afford 6 pay: | played only in a modified them; but who are compolled to. pay ‘them .in order really thatrichand infiuential men msy, rido free. . We hope, in the interest.of equak jus- tice to the community and for the best interests of the railronds themselves, that the' mansgers. whoare now sgitating this. question may havé the coursge to complotely eredicate the'evil. i - THE “SCAVENGER." To'the Editor of The Chicago Tribunes -~ - Sm: It was long ago remarked that the greats: est rogues cry * Btop thiet ” louder than any one’ else. ‘So perhaps the venerable editor of the Chicago Times would like to divort the attention of tho public from tho debased spacimen of hu- manity be presents, by calling attention to the faults and failings of ‘men of more or less local or national reputation. Or, perhaps, it eases his guilty conscience to find_that other men are not’ guileless ; or it may be his, avarice is 8o great that, if to pander to the prurient taste of s fal- low being would bring in a single 5-cent nickel in- excess of the averago daily receipts, he lca_l; im- pelledsotodo; . . - .. 3 b Whatever may bo the . object, the result re- ‘mains the eame. There are certain birds which, because of theirusoful way of disposing of de- caying snimal matter’ that would otherwise be- come offensive, are called Scavengers..: The proprietor and editor of the Times is a Scaven- ger, and a poor. one ‘at. that. -The - birds pase- ing under that titlo do their work thoroughly, sod put completely out of sizht that :|- little purer and_brighter would des; [ isting law, gange, and miniature 10, to 25 cents have as fine flowers as -those cost: ing $1 to $3. They can bs planted out from tho 18E of May to the middle of July. Plant thres inches deep, and in clumps of six or more. - * iby.the.Lord Chamberlain at the threo polit - roarions applause, tho occasion being which is offensive and noxious. Bat Seavenger patiently. persevaringly. sad . 1y seeks out the carrion which he scents 5o faz off,<and then what?”"Docs he peck at it to de. stroyit 7 Does h% it beyond the ken of the senses? He whio -thusmaka the world 5 erve the : world’s thanks. But no,~he must “needs the disgnatiog mass out. Lato the broad AYE day; call s whole city full around it; thes tuse: it aver, and upeide dovwn, and inside out, in the light of the world ! ‘He- mnst' needs’ and scatter it to the winds, that they may the seed brondcast, that it may epring up and bring -forth—yes, fruil. Everysced after by {_f‘;‘}% For o Grorthy husbaniman, & e est, i 3 5 ., There 1§ not s disreputable thing or a diri; Hole in the city (or outside of it, for that matter) that is not visited to bring to the light all thet is 'polluting, And even this is not enongh, This semblance of -8 man - must needs aitempt to bring the Church of God downtos level'with these iniquities. " Disgraceful is no name for such work ; disgusting is no name for it; there must yot be coined a word to express the utter and perfect. abhorrence in which such mfifloymne onld be held. * one are perfect. In the Church ara grievons ginners. ' In the Church, and outof it, are good men, who have done some things which they thémselvos are.ashamed of. And whois there that sometime in his 1ifo has not been gullty of things that the very thought of smites into his innermost conscience? If to bring these things Defore the .world-would serve some good pur se, there might be some apology for so domg, t, when the sole object is to pander fo a tasta Tor all that is vilo and low, and tho tranafer of & faw dollars to an “editor’s pocket, the workig the most despicable that could’ be engaged in. It is onlys wonder that this chief Scavenger can find asssistants who il bring them. selves * go . mearly . down = fo his level 28 to aid him in thig difty business. If {hersis ga l!:llilt :‘pnrkd o!t tmt;nhqordt hhg:i l; them, let .them quit it; and le 0 worthy carryon thin business as best he can. . S ‘There shonld be some way to punish such an offense against common decency. Why shonld it not be & punishable offense to publish _aught concerning any , ualess tho party ahall bo mentioned by his or her proper and logal name ? Then the mean and cowardly evasion of the ex- as practiced by the editor of the Times, would be of noavail The newspaper- ress must have come to s very low estate if, to self-supporting, it has to -be: prostituted to such vilenoss as the Times takes pleasure in. ..In all else, without doubt, the Times is a good and able paj When its editor shall have re- formed, or his paper shail have passed into other hands, then perhaps it may take 8 proper rank FLOWERS—~MAKE HOME BEAUTIFUL. “To the Editor of The Chicago Trivune: | . Bmm: Having been disappointed many times in sowing tho, wrong seeds, or sowing the right ones too early, in this district of low barometars, thermometers, and what not, and thinking some of your many readers might wish to beantify their grounds and’ avoid failure by kmowing the experience 'of others, I therefore give mine in the ciiltare” of flowers, and hope that Chicago, 88 & wholo, will cultivate theso summor boanties more than heretofora. . Tt does not reqire extra skill to Taisg ananals. They. will grow wherever the sun shines, in al- most say kind of s6il. , A rich, ‘sancy loam, well drained, is the soil best suited to them, and is what we can boast of. They require little or no sttention after they are once started, but ‘richly fopay the cultivator, it heed is paidto _ - their wants. Tho following’ list comprises some - :of the choicest, that- will do finely this dis- _ trict > i Abronts fragrana; ‘Antirrhinam—all colora; - g ‘Aster—tose-flowerod, truffants, and th peony- flowered;—no garden” ehould be without one of thesa variotics; Browallis—blue and white ; Clarkia_integripoteln, and “double red snd: ite; ©- - #-Candytuft—] le 'and crimson. © i Canna Nepslensis, and annei,—stately plants; - Chlora grandifiora; . Chrysanthemum—all varieties; - ‘Dianthus—all double varieties mixed,—they ste splendid; - - ““"Delphininm hard; Lupins—all colors,—elégant ; Marigold—French double, Dunnett’s new or- - carlot, white; and chamois ; loves shade ; TRicinus purpures major, for, lawns ; =34 .iBolanum—white egg,—ornamental egg-plant ; ‘German, haseolus (fowering beans) § * * : Thopzolum Peregrinum (canary-bird flower): A iy um :The Gladiolus. ' I find that the bulbs costing ot & few of the colored ones, and plant them clumps threo feot apart. Pl them English Dramatic; Censorship. 77 $ake up now pieces, almost avery play of merit gngfiah.‘it?’éi » b unfit for performanca on the Jic. aud public sympathy ~ fPggled: to the pub- aide.. gurd to be so particular about the French T ald ba tommembered. that it 18 oot (o Loc: don that the Lord Chamberiain has any 8usnw.:, ty. Beyond L\}ndcn thero is: lx:]:in canmnt "I:l“ kind, and managers can | out O o shagso. A Thbnth OF bwo stoch & ne, Mr. Ayrton, and Mr. Liowe were per- icatured, wes o ehambara the Court Theatre, ‘been allowed to bs form. ]%l:it::lut night; ** i ith all the original dialogne ¢ & Bl S Lord Chemberlain; was: produced at the ‘of: Wales Theatre, Liverpool, befors animmenss . audience, including the. Alayor.and several local .- ‘magistrates. It is, stated that-the represents. tives of the Ministry were hailed with shouts O laughter, and tha political hits raceived with up= in: London, and bas since litical onstration. No interforence with _:hl:npéflormmm_or sthe impersonations of the- three Ministers was attempt -From a ' | Fracas Betivcen Circus Mene :An exciting encounter took place at the St Joseph Hotel on Mondsy ovening; which grew out of_the rivalry existing between the G?;: Eastern and Forepaugh circuses. An sgenl the Forepaugh shows, Mr. Dinges: lt's::g ‘§ook umbrage at's circular issued in the interess- of the Great Eastern by A. Atkinson, eaid circa IJar containing sentiments soverely reflecting 02 ' Dingess’ character, etc. - Dingess swmsd.g:z the mattor sbout the hotel, and, mueflnf Atkingon,denounced Lim as & liarand sconnt o and appliod other epithets to him such 83 - calculated to procipitato s fight nodsr ordinaf circumatances. - Atkinson ~Enocked D ufl; against & billiard table, and followed ap the BIOt q by drawing his rovolver. = mfln AR gon being the pursuer. . Atkinson w:fl s fatercoptod and became parsuaded to #ozego B3 - violent e. Dingess caused Achna:‘!: :vi o rest, shortly after, on a chargo of l.sp-’l‘ A intent to kill, and bail was' placed sb S0 Goorge Glover . becoming _secunity tolr)dm‘ amount. Next morning Atkingon wen ohis Justics Ffl'me,d'bnt D_u:‘gnanmd:d 1 notmskall sppeacance, and, .admitting the o e i fino of 85, and tho affair eadsd- Bend (Ind.) Tribune, AMay 32 dvarf varioties - e TULEROSE. e ey . Itis now too late to start these for outdoor’ | blooming. Can be bought from the florist for s emall smount. They are cweet. We had gome :1ast sesson with thirty-cight flowerets on. Very ™ B 3 A interests of tho people than they aronow. The | Fospectfally, , . . h ‘A regular foud has’ broken ont betweenths - - arenow. Standingpon the same footing, thepub- | ‘managers of * the Frenoh Thestre here and the -+ | lic coulddemand itsTights Wit projugice and |- Chamberlaim, in regard to the exercise of the the railroads conld demand their Tigin ang op. | censorship of . the latter.” The managers com- plain that whether they goback to the old pieces .. Considering what sort'of incidentsUgis * zeprosontod in Jiaiian operas, i seerms rahor a- peremptorily stop] 4 ‘Balasms —oamellia-fowered; spotted Gerinan, - - ‘aid the Solferin; - e Wit - Lobelia erinus speciosa snd white; - “- '+ “*“Mignonetto—Paraong’ now troeand new whitej -