Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 9, 1873, Page 2

“Report of the Trustess of ti¢ Theo- * First Church, on Wabash avenue, near Hubbard _ Dalancocash on hand....... 4827 Cash recoived for general purposes 22,80858 Renta from Liouces and lots., 2,650.00 ‘Various Joans....... 1,400.00 Ovardraft due Treasurs 30180 " pary cxaminations submitted its report, showing * -of {lose from Minnesota Wera o - of our population. Thaoy ' readily 2 TIIE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: FRIDAY, MAY 9, 187 A BAPTIST FIELD-BAY. gumnal Meeting of the Trustees i)t‘»fllé1 Theological Seminary, Interenting. Finencial State- - ment-by the Treasurer.. — | logical Union. T G Knniversnry Exercises 0f Graduating Class. et ~ DOARD OF TRUSTEES. _ | The Board of Trustces of the Baptist Theo- logical Seminarymet yesterdsy momning in tho court, C. N. Holdon preaiding, and beganipro- ceedings by listening to a prayer by Dr. Osgood. TREASURER'S REPORT, ' ‘Edwsrd Goodman, Tressurer of the Seminary, submitted fhe following : - RECETPTS, ' Interest account.... Professors’, officers’, znd agents' Ealaries. 1de Library on accotnt.... Other real estate.. Library... Bonds cutstandiog. ‘Timo loans.... All debts were paid up to the 1stof May ©xcept ona or two emall items. The report was adopted. BEMINARY EXAMINATIONS. _ The Committee appointed to attend the Semi- what studies had been carricd on during the | Eseays heve been written by all tho membors of tho ‘wlass, - The, Scnior . Olass chave had a brief course of Ioctures on thio Christisn Ordinances. In the Depari- ment of Hebrew and:Old Testament Literature, the Seniorand Middlo Classes have read portions of: the .boaks 0f Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers, in connes- ‘ton with s courso of lectures upon Tho Journes Lo Sinai, the Giving of the Law, the Construction of the Tabernacle, and the system of.sacrifices under the Mo- Ealc economy. They bave also preparod written ons .o the various -objections -to-the-Ristor- fcal truth and nccuracy of the Pentatouch, t& tated by Bishop Colenso. ~ The Junior Class has taken 3 fall course of instruction in tho principlos of the | Ifehrew. grammar,-and. bave. read-twenty-or (hirty “chapters n the book of Genesis, and the wholo of the ook of Jonak, with saloct portions of Joshus, Jadges, 204 Job, : Exegetical essys have been presented by cach meimber of the clasa, upon sclect passages of the 0)d Testament,- They have 8lso propa writton paraphrases upon the second and nineticth Pealms. In tho~ Department of Cburch' istory, the usual i instructionr ©have en In the History of Doctrines the MMiddle Clasa have received-instruction on the period from tho advent of Christ down {o the beginning of e nineteonth century, with lectures and disoussions. Tho clasa in English Interpretation “bave studicd the life of- Christ, and Iarge portions of the Acts of tho Apostles, with notes. 'This class have also had 3 courso of instruction in both Moral znd Intelloctual Philoso- by, Instruction in the Scandinavian Dopartment 08" been given for. only a fow weecks. past, & the tescher -was’ absent.” But 8 course of: loo- tures has been delivered on Homiletics, which have ibeen . copied, - recited, and reviewed by tho class, Essaya- have also beon written on ‘Homiletical topics, and eermons Liave Loen preached Dy the students to mized congregations in two of our churchies, nnd afterwards criticised in the_class-room, Thia is but the begioning in the Scandinavian Dopart- ment, : 4. Interior of the Semindry.—The rooms of tho Serainary Buflding have received important additions £o their farnitare by the gencrosity of our friends ; and we biope, by the continued contributions of indi- vidoals_ond -churches ‘for this special purpose to mske tho Beminary prepotually a plessanl home for the studeni during his courso of sindy. Tue bosrding dopartment has been suc- cesafully and economically conducted under the super- *| vision of the Afatron, Miss M. J. Foster, =nd the stow- ard appointed Ly the students, 80 that good board has been furnished at '§3.30 fo $3.00 perweck. A mew reading room has been neatly fitted up, a6 tho library= room was all equired by the additions to the library. 6. The Library.—Tle valuablo collections of books _of tho Iate George B. Ide, D. D., consisting of 5,000 Yolumea of well-selocted . theological literature, hos been purchased and added to our library. This is regsrded as ome of tho Dbest collec- tions of books . for their ‘number {hat con be found in our country, and they are of very grest valuo o tho Semtnsry: Nearly 100 volumes of .the books.of our deceascd student, the Rev. D. T. Johne, have been presented by lrz mother to tho Semi« nary library, The Hengstenburg Library, snd ofhers ‘Dow accessiblo to our students, contain’ about 20,000 volumes, . 6. Additional Buildings.—A fireroof building for the library is very grestly needod, and tho time seems Dot far distant when Jarger rooms for chapel and reci- tations will also ba required, A wise forecast would suggest n least tho scenring of fultablo ground for those additions, and for other needs which aro sure to come at no distant dny. Our Seminary, although it las Tapidly advanced to maturity aud strength, and tos good degre of: completencss in its prezent facilltics Tor imparting a thorough- theological education, is yet in itsinfancy ostooge, and weneed to antlcipate mucli futurd cnlargament, &nd to eecure additioual grounils before tho rapid encroschments of the city complotely preoccupy them. 7. Finances—Tho past year has Dot beca o favorablo ‘'one in many respects, elther for the collection of pre- vious subscriptions, or tho obtaining of new dnes. Yet new subscriptions and collections, inclnding a lep year; and the spocial work of each of the Professors. Tho courso pursucd is considered to b2 an . important and val- . unblo one. Much gratification is expressed at the result of the exeminations. The Committee concludo by recommending the appointment of en additional Professor to give insiruction in ‘homilotics and pastoral theology. Tho report was adopted. THE EXECUTIVE COMMITIEE . __ roported that its work bad 'been the ususl rou-’ tine. Meetings had becn held once-® month, and all accounts were then squaréd up and- re- corded, that being the only safe and proper way to do business. . DEGREES. < Doctor Northrup informs the Board that by their charter they were authorized to confer de- grees. Nothing of that kind Lad been done es yet, but the ncessary blanks bad been secured. All who went through 2 full course received the degree of Bachelor of Divinity." -1t was recom- mended that degroes bo given to some old gradu- | ates, who had not fully complied “with -condi- tiona. - Thoy.should ba moro_strict hereafter than at present. Those who had not become entitled to degrees were to ‘receive diplomas, showing how far they had ‘gone. - Tho groduating class for 1873 contnined Bix- ‘feen persous, thirteen of whom hed completed the'full threo yoara’ course, Ono & w0 years' course, and to & full English courge. It was ordered that tho degree of B: D. be given to the thirteen, and diplomas be awarded:| %o th threo others. ~ 3 e Tt was then ordered that degrocs be_conferred on the members of the classes of previous yonrs. : 'Tho Boasd then adjourned. THEOLOGICAL UNION. . The Theological Union then mot, with James E..Tyler in the chair. He congratulated the mombers on holding their gixth meeting. It has been fesred that the work would bo too great for them. The effort had been mede before and failed. Btill, théy starled, receiving at first contributions of only &' fow dollars. But sinco then there had been a stendy dovelopment.. . The classes grew, the Facalty was ecnlarged, and o capacious building had been erdeted for seminary purposes, and had proved to be 21l that was anticipated. -He re- cretted the.sbsonce of his predeccasor, Mr. Goodyer, to whom tho cause owed so much. Thoy were now eblo to reckon on net assets of $260,000. Thoy had reason to thank God, and. take coursgo and go forward with increased en- ergy. . - L THE ANNUAL RERORT e of the Boerd of Trustees was submitted, which is * . pubstantinliy oe follows: The Baptist Theological Seminary has just com- ‘Ploted another yest of Euccessful labor, snd to-day fixtcen of our students graduste from the Seminary ~ to enter upon tho active dutics of the Gospel ministry, st of thosc, &x well 88 thoso wko remain in the Bentinary, heve been officlently at - work as preschers, 2 porticn of the {ime, -whilo pursuing their studies, Seven of theso aro ordained ministers, and have been pastors of churchee. 3 L The Number of Students—Tifty students have been in pttendance at the Seminarythe pastysr. * Thoy ropresest twelve colleges, and nine ofher institn- tiona of lesning, located in thiricen ditferent States and countrics, zud tho students- reprosent fourtoen different Stetca and threo foreign countries, Eleven come from Tlinais, soven from Wisconsin, scvon from Indizns, four from Michigen, three each from Towa, and Olvio, two esch from Kansas, Minnesots, New York, Ontario, and_Sweden, and one each from Colo- rzdo, West Virginis, Pennaylvaniz, gnd Maine, Both nlly from Swoden, and ono of thoka from Wisconsin, and one from Towa, were orlginully from Denmark. 2, The Scandinavian Department.—Your Board i more deeply finprassed than ever bofore witli tha im- portanco of carrying forward with vigor our -work in ihe Beandinavisu Department. - From tho bat infor- mstion we now Lave, theve isa population of over a Toiilion and & half of Swedes, Norweglans, snd Danes inthe Northwestern Biates, And among them _from forty to fifly Baptist Churches are aiready orgunized, contatning sbout 2,000 members, but with fair pros. Tocts of grest enlerzoment if an earnest and fntelli- gext ministcy is raited up for their instruction. . The Beandinavious are Lezoming an important poition adopt our customs, snd our langusge, too, s far s they aro able. Bat mony of- thom ‘must bLove the Gospal in their own l=nguage or not at all, - A falthful- minictry 2mong thew, educated in both English ind in thelr native tongue, and in {leir courso of etdy brought into 3 fufi knowlédga o' and sympatisy with our Americas chiurches, Wil greatly : ently Aworicanizing’ them, Silo Bad beea teschiniyf Uile e oneyesr ago,snd who gradnsted from the Semis pary st §éaf, Wwas compelléd Ly ill-health, induced by over-work s pastor,. tescher, ‘2nd _editor, to rolurn to Sweden; and o vas ebreat mest of 1Bo year, But Lo Telurhed to ‘America in Fobrusry, and in Marchi - be was appointsd Anstroctor of the Scandinsvian Depirtment, and - alko Egent o ralse $25,000 for its indorsement.” Tn the ggod-| ‘providence of God, o Eaptiat brother in Wisconsin has ‘provided for the ifomediste bupport of Bfr, Edgren, nd we Liope for such encoursgement in the ‘work a3 will le=d 1o its permanent endowment, Throe Swedos and two Danes heve becn students in the Seminary (he past year, and Brolher Edgren Las alresdy commenced fnstraction in this department, . - - 3. Instruction.—Tho several classés in the Seminsry have shown a high degreo of diligence in thelr wori throughout the yoar, In the depariment of theology, tho senior clazs hos had three lectures per week, tio middle class two lectures per week, zud tho junior closs two locturcs per week, during’ the last half of year. In the department of Homiletics o un- caual amount of work has been done, cousisting of in connection with tho uss of ‘tho text-book; tnd tise criticism of plans of sermons prosented by the siudents, In New Testament litersturoand in- tarpretation " tho senior class have hxd two-exer- cicea a_week thro the_ year, They bave gouo ibeongh with tho oxogeais ot tho Epistle tho Hebrows, with tho analysis snd introduction ; a0 had a course of lectures on the New Testament mannscriply and s shiort course also on tho faroia idioms found in the New Testament, - The snidale class have 8lso had two exercises 3 week through the year, Thoy havo studied {le Epistle to ho Romans oxegotically and analytically, with intro- Buctory lectures, 2nd have had a covrse of lectures on the History of New Testsment -Criticlsm. - The ls0 wristen essays isi connection with tha farmer part of the work above.mentioned. The junfor class have had three s ibrongh the year. They ‘have read the entire gospel of Matthew, with constant refexence to the Harmony of the Four Evangelists, acy, Lisve been made, to the smount of $3045L9L, This indlcates tho general interest in, and apprecistion of, tho Theological Seminery, and the favor it meete, cverl in thomidst of great finatclal stringency.” The heavy Tosses of ‘our brethren in the city by {ha great confla- gration of October, 1871, have delayed the payment of subscriptions which were made bafors the fire, for tho spocial purposo of canceling our indebiedncss. Yet wo know of 20, one of these suberiptions ~which is zot likely to be paid. ' Had not this grest calumity como _upon onE city, wo had reason to believe that nearly all our indebiednecs wonld havo been sctually removed, s it s now all provided for by speciai bub- seriptions, Continued fith, labor, and patience, webo- lisvastno distant day will accomplieh this destred result. The late Deacou Almon White, of Gothen, Ind., in bis el bequeathed $3,600 {o tho Theological Unioh, Of this sum, §2,500 bas already boen paid. Wa hopo othirs il follow thin noble exemplo of Deacon White, and in thelr wills, if ziot by actual gifts whilo living, amply provide for tho largest uscfulness of the Seminary in {he futura, We have yet beforo us tho gencrous Gffer of the Hon, J. Warren Memil, of Came bridge, Moss, of $20,000, on condition {ihat we. have $100,000 fn additlon, in good sosurities towand tho endowment, besldes our labilitics, and bullding tnd grounds, by tho 20th of July noxt. ' Wo cannot #ffurd to fail on this, We hope (o Teach it, and in order to do so, wa soliclt he generous co-operation of oll our friends. But we cannot stop Lhe work of en- dowment until wo have $200,000 of productive funds. To securo this amount, and to_provide for neceseary ement, by ndditfonel professora, with additionsl buildings and grounds, library, and tHlo keoping up of tho whole Seminary o good order, vill give Opportu- nity for vigorous Jahors and generous gifts in tho future, Yot wocsn rejoice that wo ere not callod Tpon to provide for akl of theso sdditions ot once. From our bappy exporienco in tho past, wo msy hopa that God will in the future raise up noble and generous friends to meet all these coming neceasities. : 9, Leneficiary Aid—Tho Norihwestorn Daplist Edn- cation’ Socioty Las made uppropristions to ald our atudents 28 well o8 those in tho University, the past gear - The grest difficulty in petting churciea o tho sppealat of tho Socisty in . time fo . mect . tho most pressing necassitios of the_students, withont compelling the Tredsurer of the Soclety to sdvance oven thousands of °|' doliars on“bhis own credif, raises the grave doubt whether wo ought to Tely entirely and permanently on this source of supply. The founding of pormanent scholarships by thie Theological Union, on tho basis of $1,000 or more, tho inccme of which shall be davoted 10'2id our etudents in meeting their necessary expenses, 18 8 question worthy of our careful attention, i _ It was adopted: ; = Mr. Tylor bore testimony fo the zeal and fidel- ity of its Treasurer, Mr. Goodman, who had de- voted much. of his- time, and ought to bo re- warded for it. . - % . PLEDGES DISREGARDED. . " It was stated that therc was an apparent los: in ausets of $5,000, owing to the fact that verbal pledges to that amount, which had been carried on tho books for some fime, bad been dropped, 80 they might got-dowh to thie hard pan. Btill it was h%gefi ‘many of them would be redeemed. Mr. Holden complained of the disregard of their pledges by the Baptists. * The Mimisterial Conyontion, after pledging itzelf to poy for the Tdo Library had failed, only about 300 having been received from that source. If tho mem- Ders did not raise the money to pay the second note, he proposed to bave it protested, and. hot try to raise the funds in Chicago. Thore.were £00 many men, in and out of tha city, Erompl to recommend *expenditures in_bools, buildings; ctc., but they wero very slow in _giving money, and, therefore, threw the work upon tho ‘shoul ders of & fow. L ki Dr. Northrup explained that tho Pastoral Union had not pledged itself to pay for tho books. .. _ . . - Y TEE BEV. DR, EVERTS sounded the Gonpol Trumpot mightily,and spread the skirts of his garmsnts over tho uttermost ‘ends of tho earth. After Zion had been filled with the sound of his voice for half an hour, the Ppresiding ofticer told him others hed to speak, and it would.be well for him to be bricf. This nettlad him, and be cxpressed sarcastic regret that ho should bavo to bo corrected, when he 1isd done 50 much for the wprk, and his wholo .soul was in it. Then he concluded by an clab- orate defonse of . religicus land speculation, swhich was & sweot snd aceep‘sble businesg, if ‘the procesds thereof wero dedicated to the ediii- cation of the spiritual Ebonezor. Meesrs, Cooley, Burton, Chandler, Haldoman, ond Holden vore appointed a cormitteo for the nomination of officers, . -’ TIE BEY. MB. BUBTOY, i of Towz, made & fow remarks on the Northwest as o field for_tho- Theological Seminary.- Tho importancs of-that field -was nnquostioned, fill- ingup, 38 it was, with such great repidity. _There muat bo 2 (Loologieal seminary overlook- “ing it, and providing it with ministors, 5o far as it Gould, for not all the seminaries of the cona- try could supply the Northwest. The Seminary should send out ropresentstivo men, and lob thom bo oducators of thoir brothren in the min- istry alreddy in the field, £, “Tho Rov. .. A- Abbolt, of Wieconein, wos to have spoken on ¢ What- Had Been Done,” but was too hoarse to say-anything. . 1 DOCTOR KENDRICK . epoke briefly on tho rolations of the Seminary to the religious futurc of -the. Northwest. Tho Seminary was to croato z demand for &n educated minietry, ageiné$ which prejudices existed in s0me parts of the country. \hen the demand was created it bad Lo be supplicd. Sominaries Vere not trying to foist an_educated ministry on on unvilling people. Tho troubla was, tho latter- were” demauding if, There were overywhera more ministers than churches, owing to that de- mand for oducatedmen. The real end and aim of. the Seminary v, of conrse, tho education of the people, the” edncation of "tho ministry being mercly & feans o that end. The Chicagy Semirinry was to be the centre of the religious doctiine of the Northwest, eending out yearly, a5 it did, men moulding tFo doctrinal viows of the congregations to which they were sent. DOCTOR STONE 2 made’ fow remarks on “Requisites for the Highest Uscfulness,” one of which' was mora money, or, rather, more sanctified money.- That given by men who had no right to it was a curse rather than a blessing, They wanted no Credit Mobilier way of . gotting it. Another want was more sanctified men, including women, who could not refrain from : preaching the gospel. Thoy wanted more sanctified men for the sem- inary benches and seminary chaire. Finally, they wanted more sanctifying mercy, which in- cluded all the rest. - : ; THE BEV. MR. COOLEY Bpoke on the ** Internal Work of the Seminary,” ‘whicly ho regarded as of - vital importcuce, He roferred spprovingly to the social Work in the “snrroundad (ko Sominary. They mig Chicago Seminary, and which was not found elsowhere. The influence of woman was felt here. The intcllectual work' of the' Sem- inory, 08 judged by the :results, was ex- cellent. . Owing to” & fine. "Professor, . the Glnss hod made remarksblo progress in learning Hebrow. All the other Professors were'likewise excellent. Ho had also been great- Iy impressed with the spiritual a¢mosphore whi ¢ all thank the institu- God that He had so eignally favore tion. - <e-c~ i OFFIOERS.- - 2 5 The Committeo reported recommending tho following officers ; President—James L. Tyler. Vice-Prestdeats—Tlio Rov. 3. 0. Grifith und "Een- Scorelary—Tho Ttev. G. 8. Balley, Treasurer—Edward Goodman, Trustees—B, F. Jacobs, James E. Tyler, Increase O. ‘Bosworth, the Rov. Thotnas Goodspesd, the Hon, W, PB. Bmith, of Miiwaukes, J. B. Gilicppe, William Bmith, of Menominee, the Rev. J, B, Thomas, F. E. Morsc, and €. B, Goodyear. Thay were olected. Dr. Everts took bold of the roligions land- speculation again, and apologized for his® prvi- aus display of ill-temper, on the ground that"he was not accustomed to boing intorrupted. Aftor Dr. Everts bad thus crucified thoold Adam, the moeting ndjourned. MORE OFFICERS. Tho new Board assembled, and, through the medium of & committes, elected tho following oflicers : President—C. N. Holden. Yace-Presidents—Meesrs, Grifiiths and Brooks, Secretary—G, S. Batley. ZTreasurcr—Edward Goodman, The Board then adjourned. - ANNIVERSARY EXERCISES. At 8 o'clock, tho anniversary oxcrcises of the Beminary took place in, the suditorium of the church, in the presence of a number of ladies Tho zttractions were two-fold,— ity. The former consisted of organ soloa by C.A. Havons, vocal solos by Miss Sallie Fisher and Mrs. - F. Ullmaun, and a vacal dust by thes two ladics. BRIEF ADDRESSES wero dalivered by members of the gradunting class, on the following subjects: Alex. Black- burn, “The Minister a Man;" Edward Ellis, “Polycarp;” W. W.Everts, Jr., *Distinctive Baptist Principles;” W. Leo Farnum, *Provi- domce ;" Charles A. Hayden, “ Univorsal Man- hood of Jesus;” Charles R. Henderson, “Sov- ereignty of Law;”. George W. Nead, . *‘Perpo- tnity of tho Gospel;” R. R. Williams, “Charac- ter Dependent on Just Views of God.” Aftor theso addreeses, which were gonerally wall writton and well delivered, had becn disposed of, George W. Northfup, D. D., Professor in _tke Semiuary, made & fow remarks and conferred the .degreo of - DACHELOR OF DIVINITY upon the following persors: Alexander Black- burn, Daniol H. Drake, Edward Ellis, W.W. Everts, Jr., Welcome L. Farnum, Charles A: Hayden, - Charles R. Honderson, Goorgo W. Nead, Thomas T. Dotter, Elbert H. Suwser, Catlet C. Smith, Fred M. Smith, and Robort B, Williams. Diplomss wore given to Rencl W. Arnold for o two yoars course, and to E. H. Shorman Hendrick and Henry H. Lipos, who graduated in the English course. ;o services wero thon concluded with & beso- iction. = o, RAILROAD DEVELOPMENT. President Watson on Erie's Future. From the New York Tribune, May G NEw Yors, Aug. 7, 1572 Jaxes McHENRY, Esq.—DEsr 8m: In order that you may be able to present your friends in Europe, who are intorested in the Erio and At- 1antio & Great Westorn Railway Companies, somo of the ideas which I have recently suggested to yon verbally, I now repeat for your carefal don- sideration the more prominent facts connected ‘with those roads, end tho questions, duo consid- eration of which seems to me vital to their per- manent suceess. Apart from all questions as to the cost of transportation over broad-gauge lines in comparison with tho narrow-gauge system, “which last, for practical = purposcs, | may be assumed to bo of 4.9%, which has been adopted a3 the best compromisa be- tween the Eastorn and tho Western lines, which may vary botween 4.835 and 410 ; I eay, with- out discussing tho comparative cost of trous- portation, ihougn I believo that- 2 narrow- gaugo road may pay largely on its costs, while onoof six feet may be worked without profit, it 18 plain to all those who bave carefully con sidered the questions involved, tLat the inability to run connections bsyoud Buffalo and Dagton for broad-gaugo cars is alono a sufficiont reason for roquiriug & reduction of tlic gauge of both the Erie and Atlaatic & Great Western lines to 4937 ; and, until this is accompliehod, tho re- fiulmd by the owners of tliose ronds cannot te so< cured. A : But having eecured this change or being os- sured that the means necessary for its accom- plishment may be obtained in fime to moct tho Tequirementa of the Erio Company, another question 2t onco assumes equal or, grcnler impor- tanco, and unless we are ablo, practically, to ex- tend the Erie lino to Cincionati and the South- wast, and the leke ports (including Chicago), to 8t. Louis 2d the Northwest and to the Pacific coast, the Erie Itoad will ramain isolated from {he main sources of profitable business, the ab- solute control of which'as its sources, freed from the capricious and changeable interosts of tho ‘muanagers of othor lines, is necessary to en- able any trunk line to command, ot all times, its due and proper sharcof the trafic which is ebundant, but which has been unduly controlled and has roached tho seaboard by the Pennsylva- nia 2nd Contral lines, . RESULTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE TOLICY, ' This far-reaching policy was first _acted upon by the Penusylrania Bdad. In ten Jears it bas, by leases, rubning arrangements, axd tho pur- chage of interests in Wastorn lines, become tho controlling power over many thousandsof milesof railroads, 50 thet its systom hzsnow bocome s not- work of ‘connectiors from Canadh on the north tothe exiremeost western points of the United Btates; and 21l these bnes of roads contribute constantly and surely to tho busiess and profit of the Pennsylvania Road. At o later date tho same system was adopled by Mr. Vanderbilt, " and the influenco of the Centrel Road is now al- most as powerful in the West a3 that of tho Penosyivenia line. Bo far, the Eric and Atlantic have been unable to compete with their rivals in this fiold. By the changoof the dircction of the Erie, it is now, for tho first time, in a position to secure its share of this influenco and busi- ness. _If it fails now to secaro similar adsan- tages, it must romain, a5 in the past, compara- ;gvety powerless, and its fubure cannot bo bril- liant. In looking over the'whole fisld of our Western connections’ and of the mein and. constant sources from which our business springs, it seemed, 2t first, almost impossiblo to extond, the influence of the Lrio Railway in any direction without at once coming in' contact and in con- flict with tho systoms of the Penneylvania end Cen! roads—already catablishcd—one main lino only, which by itubranches and leased roads seemed to meet tho requiremonts of the Erie Company, was frce from embarrassing contracts or ellinnces. This was tholina of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indisnepolis Railway. This road runs from Cleveland to Colampus, 153 miles; at Galion,80miles from Cleveland, a branch ruos to Indisnapolis, 202 miles, and from the same point another branch extends to Spring- fiold, 87 miles, thenco by a leased lino to Dayton, 25 miles, aud thonco by its own line to Marietta Junetion, 48 miles, and to Cincinnati, 7 miles, by 2 ldnsod lino—all in the Stato of Oblo. On the north, from Indiznapolis to Terre Hauto' (Stato cf Indiana), 72 miles, tho road is owned jointly with the Pénssylvania Company, and thencd to, 8t. Louis, 182 miles, over & jointly leased by the Clevelend, Columbus, Cincinnati & Ins diannpolis and the Pennsylvania Central. It aléo controls by running mrangement the lino from Beardstown, on the Illivois, River, to Shawneetown, on {he OhiqRiver, s distance of 228 miles, pasging through ono of the most pro- ductive portions of - lllinois. It owzs s railroad oxtending from Union, on the Indiananolis _branch, to Daston, on - the Cincinnati branch, o ° disfance of- 48 miles, this branch being now nsed by tho Penn- gylvania Rozd to_make its Cincinnatti connec- tion from the West. It controls largely the business of tho Tuscarawas Valley Xoad, 95 miles in length, which crosses the Cloveland, Columbug, Cineinnati & Indianapolia at Grafton, and torminates on Lake Erio. These lincs sg- gregate 1,139 wiles, of which 559 miles are free- Lold, tho remainder being leaged on such advan- {ozeous terms that the leases alono aro worth & large part of the present capital to any connect- ing railway. Thu_clavelnn;, Columbus, Cincin- Dnati & Indianapolia Railway forms closc connec- tion with the Atlantic & Groat Western nt Cleve- land, 1Szmugflrzld, Galion, and_Dayton.. The capital of the Clovoland, Columbus,” Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railwey i as follow Burplus cash'at end of Tast fiscal year. Surplus zeal estata.......... Other assets, 2a per schedule, excesd. The shares of the Company have dividends of 7 per cent and upw: from the | dept. timé of thocompletion of the road, tronty years 0go. The railway,to s considerable extent, has been constructed from rovenue. The 559 miles (freehold) represents a cost of only' £30,000 per mile, which would ecarcely pay for the rails'and Tollis stock, The large surplus roal estate owned by thie” Compsny is more than suf- ficient to pay off ita wholo bonded Running mngiamants - by--which o large portion of the. traffic. of 2l those, lincs can be secured for, thig combination, are now of- fered on the most favorablo terms, and can bo | -closod any time;- 5o that the mileagé 6 bo added to the Erie and Atlanticby this combination is over 4,000, ot & cost so insignificant, in- compari- “gon with certain results, 88 to scem. almost in- crediblo. ; e Nover hag nny eimilarpower over business boen | " within tlic ‘control of either of the trunk lines at 8o emall & cost, nor where every dollar invest- ed was in itself secure boyond Samdvenmo, without “regard to the incidental advantages arising from such a powar, * The accompany- ing memorandum of what X think proper to expended on the Erie lino may seomto Jousesy groatly in excess of previons eatimates, but I as- sume that we can borrow any necessary sums from time to tims if lenders are aseured that the money is wisely expended, and that both princi- pal and interest are safo. Im thisestimato I hayo in most cases sssumed s larger amount 28 necessary than will be needed, and I havein- tentionally omitted many items of groat value, among othors the 430 engines now on the Exie, which will reduco these outside limits of ex- E:nditm'e. My object is to ask for all that may ‘necossary, and which I kuow can be emply e~ cured and profitably used. Theso expenditures will extond over a poriod of three years,; s comparatively mall portion ~ only being meeded now. By further ob- jectis to show that the Erie Railway can be made the most important of all existing lines of internal communication, can oarn and pay large sonual dividends with certainty, and that we can secare o greater success than was ever bofore attained by tho owmors of & railrosd property. Without theso additions, and without & compre- hensive and far-reaching polioy of extension of itn business and influence, it cannot be profit- abloin any congiderable degree to the stock- “holders, nor securs to the public the advantages ‘which were tho chief object of- its creation. To ‘£acure theso results tho credit of the Company is of tho first consequonco. We must bo pleced in such n“_&oaition at the great monoyod centrea_as ennblo us to borrow almost ot will for every logitimate purpose at Tow rates, In tho meantime wo can show io our stockholders that our policy, while it is liberal and comprohenaive as to the fafure, works no prosent injustico to them ; and it is imperative’ as o part of our plau that oxpenditures; Eroper— Iy chargeable to capital, should be so charged and mot, and tho clear net earnings from this timo shall bo divided, semi-annually, as eumod, among tho owners of this properiy. T am yours, faithfully, P. H. Warsox, - President of the Erio Railway. The following statement, showing the dis- tances on tho Erie Railway, and the estimated cost of necesgary improvements and extonsion 85 tlm:tmnd, and of its ogquipment, accompanied e lettor : $ New York to Buf- - % alo, 423 miles x 2846 miles aingle track. o . . 82 miles x 2164 miles single track k. .. .. 4G mi'es slngls track Third track, Jersoy City Jervis, for Light- passeng trattic, to bo luid with stesl- top rail, taken from present ' 83 miles single track 1,144 miles stogle track. 3,283 miles single rail 2,112 miles oteel rail, 60 e per yard (equal 10 47,143 tons per mile) equals which at §120 per ton, equals. .$11, Less the valueof 1,421 xmiles iron Tall, 70 B pec yard, 76,155 tocs, ¢ $55 per ton, equals.... 4,293,535 Laying track, spike, tes, and stone ballast, $ 7,649,395 011,056 milea.... 8,210,260 ‘Wideuing roadway, ties, and laying €8 b third track, Jersey City to Port Jervi 2,061,000 Additional sldiug at various points along ; lize... 2,000,000 Iron bridges... o 1,200,000 New shops, grain elevators, depots, cogine- houses, end mprovements of §tationd... 2,000,000 2 5,000, 10,000 now freight cars, at $150. 7,500, Changing 11,000 cars from brosd i geuge st §100 each., 1,100,000 Extendiug road to Scrsnton coal fleld, in- cluding purchase of rights, con- {racts, etc., B0 08 to socure for transpart~ tion 1,000,000 tons annually... .. .. 8,000,000 Completing’ Hudson & Newark Eailway, and dopots and lands for same an brancl toieaiees 1,000,000 Purchasing Company {nterzsts in cars Dnow in use, under covtract.....o.vueee.. 1,000,000 Aniount of common and proferred stock, * fondad debt, and rentals funded...... .. 145,000,000 Total capltslization,......... ..$184,720,635 Amount of annual intercsts ot 7 per cent.. 12,930,444 The road, comploted and equipped 88 pro- sed, within five verrs, would earn, at the very owest, 240,000,000 per year, of which 85 per cent would bo net. But the earnings would probably far excced 840,000,000, snd tho not ro~ ceipts might reach $16,000,000 or 818,000,000 per vear beforo the five years roll around. From this it is plain that, notwithstanding tho reck- lessness and prodigelity with which, for so many | years, hor rosonrces have been squandored, & great prosperous futuro is still possiblo to Erlo, 1f she can command the large sum of monoy uired properly to dovelop her - great esfate_ yot remaining, and-can bo s istered,” under s comprobensive - polic with systematic économy, integrity, and fair business ability., The nccessary funds being se- cured such ore the natural and scquired and resdily aitninable advantages of her position as a great channel of commerco, thatit would be~ come & comparativoly essy task to render Erio 08 prosperous and profitsble 28 any railway in America. 5 G : —_— : The Vermont Central in’ New BEands. The New York, Boston & 1lontreal Railroad Company has oblsined ‘within a few days con- trol of ‘the old Vermont Central system of- rail- ronds, extonding from Rutland to Bur- lington, from Burlington to St. Albans, from 8t. Albans to Montreal, and also the roads to Ogdenspurg, to Montpelicr, to. White River Junction, to Windsor, to Bellows Falls, sad thenco to the Northern Railroad at New London, Conn., making a system of over 200 miles com- leted and equipped, with 200 locomotives, 4,000 reight mflm ‘pradenger and baggage cars, and o telegrophic system. ‘Tho road-beds are said to be in good condition, and the equipments as good 88 thosoof the Boston & Albany. The Goarnings last year were botween £5,500,000 and 6,000,000, and the mnet earnings about $1,600,000. The roads embraced in this system heve been in a Receiver's hands for about ten years. Gov. BSmith, as Receiver, has man- nged the lines in the interest of the bondholders, &nd hia acts have been approved by decrees of the Court in every instance. Last fall, Gov. Bmith’s’ notes went to protest, and this broke tho credit of the roads. H&E soging that it would Dbe futile to sttempt to control the ronds with a broken crodit, wont to the Vermont Legislaturo and: procured a charter, organizing a company ca.lle;flm Contral Yermont, instead of the Ver- Tmont Central, . It was to absorb this entire sys- tom of roads, snd take' the .placo of rogtees and Recoiver. The mew Compeny, it is understood, wae organized,. and stock Was subscribed for to the amount of 2,000,000, at Bt, Albans, Vt., 8 fow days ago. Vinancicra from New York subscribed about 3500,000 of tho gtock, These gentlemen ara interested in nnd own o large part of tho stock of the New York, Doston & Montreal Railroad Company, and con~ sist of W. Butler Duncan, of Duncan, Sherman & Co; T. W. Park, Georgo H. Brown, J. Q. Hoyt, A. McKinney, Christopher Meyor, Gearit? H. Bissell, John H. Cheever, Jobn S. S8hultz, A. Soloven, and othors. 'his syatem of roads ‘will thus become practically s part of the exten- sive system under tho management of tho :New York,. Boston & Montreal. 5 y A Western Railroad Consolidation. George E. White, President, of No. 74 Wall strect, called, yesterday, n meeting of the stock- holders of the Chicago & Northern Paciiic Air- Line Railroad of Wisconsin, for the purpose of perfecting a consolidation of 'the rights, powers, franchiges, and property of that ralwey Com- pany with the rights, powers, franchises, and property of tho Chicego & Northern Pacific Air-Line Rsilway Company. Tho 'line of tho first mentioned road extends from Genon, Wis,, to Duluth, Mion., a distance of sbout 850 miles, It is s’ consolidation of the Chicago & Northern Pacific Air-Line, and the Chlcaso & Lake Superior ‘Railroads. It was in- tended, whon completed, to form s lino between Chicago and St. Paul and the Northern Pacific Railroad. The Iatest financial statement ot hand, deted s year ago, ehows the “capital stock to bo $8,750,000; of which €502,500 was paid in. The officers are: President, George E. White; Vice- Presidont, Goorgo U. Groves ; Treasurer, John C. Bainos; Becrotary, Willism R. Chadsoy; Gen- eral Manager, James 5 Anthm:g. B i The Chicago & Northern Pacific Air Lino Rail- way of Lllinols will extend, when completod, from Chicago, 1L, to the State line of Wisconsin (s distance of 49 miles), where it will connoot witl the Wisconsin Railroad of the samo name, with which it is to be consolidated. The authorized capital Btock is 81,250,000, and the fundoed doht is the same amount. - The consolidation will be effected in Janesyille, Wis., onJune 4, 2 THE TRANSPORTATION. QUESTION. Adaress of'Gov, Smith, of Georgli, 10 the Farmers of ‘the West and Northe. west. - - EXECUTIVE DEPARTAEXT, STATE OF GZORGIA, | ATLANTA, May 1, 1673, | To the FParnsers of the West and Northicest: i P & mcenl:iy addreseed an invitation to the Gov- emors’ and other prominent citizens of many of tho Btates, to moet in convention at Atlanta,-on. the 20th instant, for tho purposo of considering tho mieans of securing choap transportation be- of the Mississippi. i The vast interost,-. common to 2ll sections of the country, to be secured by a wise solution ~of this groat question, will, I trust, be deémed - sufficient- gpolnggtar ‘my addressing you this communication. ur intorests in the matter are, in o large moastre, identical, and, this identity should insure s hearty, co-operation be-. tween us. - In thefour States of South Carolins, Goorgia, Florids, and Alsbams, therois an au- nual doficiency ot 50,000,000 bushels of ~grain. This deficiency is increasing, ‘owing in parkto the gradual increase of our available farm labor, =nd the rapid incrense of- our’ non-prodacing population. To supply this deficiency we are now, and Liereaftor shall be, in n great degres dependont upon the farmers of the West and Northwest. ” Hedco” it ‘will be saen “that tho South is vitally interested in the success of; any scheme which™ will -diminish_tho cost of trans- portation upon Western products. Deeply im- pressed with the importance to them of tho groat intorest involved in tlis question; the tweon the Atlantic seaboard “and the'groat basin |- .| thege States to sed ot Sdolégated io the propo convention, assuring them’that. they | will: me with a hearty welcome from our le. Moot Tace 1o (acciand eaIf thive. o Prop L o :and sure way of éscaps from*the trouble in which our respective sections and peoples are in- volved. J. Sarrm. AMES M. “THE PENITENTES. Remarkable Organization Among-the. New Moxicans—Infamous Rites and . Horrible Crueltics,- b S * - From the Buffalo Fzpress. .. . The following statements form tho grester part :of ‘aprivatoletier received By a lady of thie city from her son. It may be proper to explain that the Territory of Colorado embraces s small tract which was formerly a” part” of New Mexico, on which are soma ancient settlemants ; i TRINIDAD, Col., April 14, 187; ‘Wherever throu;boul_ the sonthwestern terri> tories & Moxican “plaza” is situsted thera'is to be found a lodge of tho Penitentes. Its strength is proportionste fo the number of. the inhabi- tants, “éince “almost ‘ évery person” (male)'is & member of the order; this at least among the poorer. and moro ignorant classes. . It is, how- ever, by no means rare to find. men of culture | and intelligence among the’ members, and I am informed " that two of the most prominént mem- bars of the New Moxican Bar owe allegiance to this ‘infamous organization; it is certain that & lawyer resident here made application to be ad- mitted, but was rofused as being a heretic and & forcigner. Buch men of conrse undergo the or- “deal -only-becanse of the immense infiuence. people of Georgia aro ready- to give their influ- ence and aid in bebalf of sny, practical measuro which will insure the accomplishment of so de- girablo an end. The present high'rates of freight compel us to employ & largo portion of our limited labor in+ the production ot food crope. Tlhis diminishes the production of cotton—our only reliable ar- ticlo of oxport ; and, at the same time, deprives the West and the Northwest, to that extant, of o market, To illustrato: she average production of corn in the four States mentioned is ten bushels per scre. Tomake up the deficiency in the quantity now produced, it would be neces- sary to cultivato at least 5,000,000 acres. This acreage devoted tc cotton would yield at least. 1,250,000 bales, worth, at 15 conts per pound, £125,000,000. Doduct from this tho value of tho corn which tho same averago would produce, at 81 per bushel, and we havo $75,000,000 to repre- sont the smount of the loss suffersd by tho Southern and Western farmers, for the lack of facilities for meking o chaap inferchango of pro- ducts. This direct loss is greatly increased by. the reflex operztion of the causea under discus- sion. The high price of food increases the cost of manufacture ag well ‘28 tho production of cot- ton, and 8o of -every other articlowe nesd:. . \While tho Westarn farmer roalizes buta pit- tanco upon his teoming crops, ovory manufact- ured article which he uses comes to him burden- ed by onerous and oppresive tariffs. Cheap. transportation from the West would not only cheapen food, but would, as a consequence, also cheapen labor, This resmit would enablo tho ‘manufactarer to supply our wants at greatly ro- duced prices, and would enablo him to competo succosafully abroad, as well asat home. Our. manufactoricsa would ineresse; our exports wauld be doubled ; our shipping interestsrevived; and the balance of trade would be once more it our favor. Bat, withont ‘epeedy relief, existing_ ovils must increase and sproad until poverty an bankroptcy overshadow tho wholo land. - The foverish anxioty which pervades the pub- lic mind is sbundantly. shown in the fact that Congress is gravely askod to take control of the entire railrond system of the country, and by leg-- islative action torogulato their charges, Whoth- er this would mitigate or aggravato. tho avil,— whother by Congressional .mancgement the ¢ost .of operating the roads would be 50 diminished ag ‘to afford tho deeired reliof,—are questions which I will not here discuse. I only mention them to show . that a great, pressing neceseity underlioa’ this wholo matter, which cannot remain longer unhooded. A Tho ontire valneof a bushol of corn, transport- | - od a thousand milea by rail, is consumed by the cost of transportation. This leaves no profit to tho carrier, none to theshippor, and not onecent to the producor. So that if tho railroad should carry corn for its actual cost and nothing more, from St. Louis to Sava: or from Chicago to Now York, the producer would still recoive no adequate remuncration for his Iabor. Neither can tho indefinits multiplication of railroads, nor any logislative rcstriction as to freight charges, cure the evil, 80 long a8 the sctual cost of ope- rating railroads remains undfminished. . Until this cost shall be reduced by means not now known, aresort to either of the remedica propos- ed will provo s mere expedient, which, in tho end, will surely disappoint public_expoctstion. Wo do not want expedients or partial remedies. Acure of the cvilis domanded by tho farming interest of the country, and to nothing short of this should wo look for permanent relief.. In soeking this reliof, tho first step to be taken is to find & less costly mods of transportation than that by mmil. Lxperienco teaches us that water furnishes tho cheapest meens of trans- portation kmown to the commercial world, and thera is but little reason to doubt that the solu- tion of this whole question will bo found to rest upon the connection of great lines of water com- munication between the West and the soaboard, wherever Nature provided s woy. Build the Ni- agara Ship Canal, connocting the lakes by an tn- ‘broken chain of nnviinfiun from Chicago to the ses ; connect Lake Champlain by ship csnal with the Hudson ; enlarge the Erie Canal, if foasibl extend your water lines from tho Lakes to the, Missisaippi by every proposed route, where Na~ ture has provided 8 way ; improve the naviga. tion of your rivers, 80 that barges may pasa throngh their entiro length without hindrance, and you will baye done’ more to relieve your- gelves from your present troubles than.you can justly hope to secars by any other means. In this way the railroads may be made the feeders and distribntors for your great tradearteries, sud the causes which now induce them to enter into oxtousive leases and combinations, in many in- stances so injurious to the public interest,would, | in a great measure, ccase to exist. Y E A glance at the map will be sufficient to' show. fhat from the great lakes to the Hfiasissippi Tiver there is a vast oxpaniae of country, divided Dy the Apalachian chain, which Separates the waters of the Atlantio from those which flow in-: to the Gulf of Mexico. Tho Ohio.and tho James Rivers havo their gources among the mountaing| of this chain 3 and further south, also the Ten- | nessce, the Cooss, snd the Ocmulgee. Recont surveys have demonstrated that it is feasiblo to connect by canals the Ohio with tho James River, and the Tenncsseo with tho Ocmulgee ; and thus, &0 to speak, turn the Mississippi into the Atlsn- tic at Norfolk and Savannah. 0 morits of the Jumes River and Kanawha Canal have been fully discussed, and I wilknot pause hero to repeat the many ressons which have been offered in favor of this great work. I cravo your attention, Lowever, for a moment, while I point out. somo of the gdvantages which would flow from tho construction of ihe Atlantic & Great Western . or worda:of his neighbor. - The music was, per- -each of- these is lifted by an attendant, the peni- thereby acquired over the natives. © - - - ‘The order, as impliod by its name, is roligions in its character. (fr its’ fénnd.lfiou‘nofl:ing posi- tive seems to bo known. I am disposed fo be- lieve, however, from the nature of the ceremo-* nies, that it was introduced by some of tho eatly ‘missionaries, members of the order of. **Flagel- lants,” whose croed was identical with that of the * Ponitentes,” both believing that by acute bodily suffering they atoned for and condoned all their sins, past and future, besides layiog up treasure sufficient to oxalt them tow dignifi ‘position ia heaven. = Now, however, either, the Penitentes have deviated from the traditions of the fathers or the Church has effected s change of base as re- gards them ; cartain it is that ths two institu- tions are at variance, and the “dignitaries of tho Church have vainly oxerted all of their .immense ower and influence in attempls to auppross the enitontes, showing by thoir failure the strength of tho latter; for in this country among. the Moxicans the voico of the: Padre is infinitel; more powerful than would be that of the Al- lmghky. w? f the Constititution of the order or lodges very liftle is cortainly known. The haye officers, chief of whom appears to be one who officiates’ a8 Chaplain’' and Master of Ceremonies; the ‘members are sworn to s ccy and - compelled to ‘pass through a terrible ordeal on being initiatod, . and have to take part inthe s\flflin ‘Penitential ceremonies yearly. After undergoing. the pen- ance (moroor less severe as prescribed by the chief) for #- cortain number of years' (three or four), each member is oxompt, and thencefor- ard acta g@ attendant on, or punisher of, those who aro sflll “in the valley.” I donotknow positively whether tho order has eny object, be- -yond punishing its members. ‘ As, however, they hold meetings periodically thronghont tho year, it probably gorves asa sort of national orgeni- zation, binding together in one brotherhood all those in our pepulation of native birth. o With the season of. Lent comes tho suffering of the penitente, and unless- he b of thoso who bave been purified through much _tribulation, eovero punishment is pflscribo% which is done in this wise : - Tho presiding officer-of the lodge - takes a seat in & room alone and blindfolded.: To - bim comes tho ponitento, crawling on his kucos, -shrouded from head to foot, and -blindfolded ; confesses his offenses and hears his sentence—sa santence from which thore is no appeal, although' there i8 no doubt that in many cases it zends the poor wretch to'meet death by the ‘most hornble tortures. - it o & ‘Tho penitential. ceremonies are begnn on Ash Wodnesdsy, and continue_through the entire-| Lenton season until Good Fridsy, when they cul- minate, and at midnight end. As the proceed- inga of on day will-sorvo as & lsms{e, will ‘tell you what I saw on Friday at & small place a fow miles below here, named Chilili, which I solocted as being the nearest, though as there are a half dozen lodges in & circuit of a8 many miles there 'was nolack of choice. i ‘The scene of operations is tho bank of a small “arroyo” betwoen two bills. On the western bank i the “ plazn,” consisting of the usual flat- roofed, adobe houses, in-one of--which is the forming the same ceremonies as at the oth: of the routo, all dissppesr within the hau:er ES curtain drops, and the first act is ended. ‘Whilst waiting for whatever might coma next, Istrolled among the crowd. All the Mecies men and women Wera squatted on the grouss smoking, talking, and Isughing us if a¢ & fogte. ‘assing an opon door,-L thought-to-investigate; 80, ceremoniously remoying my hat, I walkeq in’ a0d found myself in an ordinary hofise plastorad with mud and entirely without fumiture, No- 'ticmgmonhur‘om‘door‘t'd the loft T entereq there, and was'glad to have done 8o, for it wag one'of tho rooms pertaining to the pamitentos. “It'was o room about twenty feet long, twolve -feet wide.andseven feet high, neatlyplasteredand whitewashed, the floor of sand.and tho room des- titute of furniture, save that in the further cor- ner was a ort of altar ‘made ‘from a tablo ang covered with a black shawl. Two_other ehawls ono black, one black, one parti-colored, hung on | tha walls, 'one bohind, the other to tho right of tho altar, on which were placed sevoralimages, One of the Crucifixion and one of the Virgi: child especially attractad my attention; the lat ter from its_grotesque resemblince_ in expres- sion, attitude,and apparel (sven to the acarf over . the head) to a Mexican woman and child; the former becanso, being spattored with blood all over, it-looks 8o -horrible - and “-ghastly. Two ‘womon knelt before these objects, absorbed in prayer. -~ I'was about to leave, when I noticed the pecu- lisr appearance of ‘the walls, and aman ‘who had just come in the cause of it. Ho said it was Sangve de los Penilentes (blood of the pen- itentes.) And go it really was. It was impossi- Dble to placa the tip of the finger on either walls or ceiling without touching one of those crimson splashes, thrown there from the whips with which they flng;ll_nlo themselves. My observa- tions made, I hurried ont, and - drove to the arT0y0, the shrill notesof the fife giving warn- iuf {hat the second act was about to commence, arrived barely in timo t0 witnoss the egross {rom the house of the_actors. Firat, zs beforo, camo fifer, priest, and” image-bearer} following whip, And hers Ist me 6ll you what kind of wbi they uso. It ismade of tho leaves of l.phn{ which grows all over this conntry in Rrest pro- fusion, and is commonly known 28 * soapweed,” its root being pounded and used by the natives in place’ of Boap. The real namo is **Yuces” (Spanish bsyonet), and it is, I believe, & kind of ll;H. It has & bulbous root, and hairy leaves’ fally two feot in length, with edges and points that cut like knives. eso leaves aro bardened by fire, and are then plaited into thongs, about cight inches of the cnd being allowed to hang frecly.” A largo number of thongs aro bonnd to . 1 stock 50 88 to resomblo in form & fan, and the whip is complete, Tiaking'a scourgo that T m ino 18 almost, if not fully, as sovero as the « ed “ kmout.” ¥ With the first ete& each penitento raised his whip with both hands and_struck ncross his left shoulder with all his strength on his own naked back, almost pansing until he had withdrawn it, when with the next step ho struck himself in tha gme .msnn;xd'nmp:h the rigl:t uh%llxldan And oy proceaded,—with every step a blow,—righi m{ gght, Toft, with = zegfimty and n{ono&nt} that was positively au.'kanin%. They bad not proceeded ten steps on their way beforo the whips were tinged with red, and bofore theyhad gome fifty these instrumenta were of one uniform dull red, and the blood was dripping from overy thong and running down from the Iacerated and quivering backs, crimson- ing again the scanty pieces of cloth, which was each man's only covering, and, running down ta his foot,was thence absorbed by the thirsty earth. This seemed to me evidence of suffering suffi- | ciently great to atone for any degree of crime, but it was not enough for tho penitentea. Ta place of following the same road sa their ‘predecossors, they slowly turned to the left, and climbed the hill at a point where the cactna spines literally covered the ground, and where 4 as impossible for them fo step and ‘not be pierced by them. Yon will bardly . believe- that across such & Toad, aad endaring such tortures, those men walked s disfance of .three miles ; and yetitis a fact. I do not know that they whipped themselves during the entira time; and yet I think they did. At any rate, going and re- “turning, I saw them inflict -on themselves pun- isiment which would have killed moat whito men. . .. e s T g ‘The second act was not concluded when the third began. A few moments after the laab party had left one of the attendants came out, and, going 10 tho crosses, selected tho lightest, and returned with it to the house. I wanted to know what would be done mext. One man \80id . tha nid crucify s - penitenta and Another esid that lodge-room. Facing us, and across the arroyo is o solitary houso, like the others, but with a cross in front. . Lookitg up the stream we see another croes at » distance of aboat 500 yards. , Scattered about and 5:-:;:1 on tho ground in groups are, may ba, 300 Mexicans, chiefly women. Loung- _ing nmv&g them are 2 dozen or 80 Americans, at— tracted hither by curiosity to see, as they say; ¢ the darned _brutes kill themselves.” . ‘We do not bave to-wait long for the curtain to rige, for hardly have wo had time to nofe the surroundings and to speculate -on the weight of the twelve large crosses Iying in front of tho sol- iteryhouse, when the performance commences. . From that house comos the sonnd. of- music, | 'and presently amerges & man plnying & fifo, an another chanting, 1. & most Tigabrions voio what are supposed to bo prayers d atin). Theso come directly toward us, and ag arTo30 are met by all the Mexicans assembled. Every person in tho concourse is- prostrate on tho earth, and continues in that attitude_until the ‘¢ chaplain " has reéited more prayers, when, after kisslng the ground; 'all rife. Formmg in & sort of rude procession, ‘they take their Way slowly and by & “circtiitons_rotte-towards the farther cross, stopping at intervals of may be & hundred paces to repeat_the prostration and Lissing process, every ona. 8inging, Or rather howling, at_the extremo pitch of the voice.. 86 far na { could make out by listening intently, no ono paid the slightest attention’ to the 2ir, tone, hnpaég equal to tho howling of a.thousand cayotes! ¢ ! & e . .Thate being fairly ‘sped ‘tipon their way, the “golitary house ” diagorges thirty-one more be- ings. First came another priest (of the order), another fer, and o man bearing sloft an_image of the eruciftion; these three walk backwarda fowards fho crosses, and are followed by four- teon ponitentes, each one pcoompanied by an at- tendant. The pouitentes are. all naked, excopt for'a breoch-clont and a cloth which shrouds the* hosd in ordor to prevent recognition. i The whole appearance expresses the most sb- joct abasement. Crouching by the side-of their attendants, .with heads almost touching tho ground, thoy creap to the croases—one end of tontb liea on his face and & cross islaid on- each | one of twelve, the remaining two being bound in such o mannor a8'to make it impossible -for them to movo their arms or to step mor than & few inches. 4 $ . AllJie prone until mérg chanting hes been done ;, then rising, the end of a heavy cross is Cenal, connecting the Mississippi, through tho Tonneaseo River, with the Atlantic Ocean, at Savannah, Georgin. 3 The Tennessse entors the Ohio a short dis-" tance abovo the confluence of -the latter with the Misaissippi. From this point the general direction of tho Tennesseo. is southesst to its reat bond at Guntsraville, in tho Stato of Ala- Bama.. At that poiat the Cooea and the Ten- nesses approach ezch othor, thare being only. 3 narrow neck of land betweon them. Across this isthmus a canal thirty miles long would connect these two rivers, and open nsvu?afifin to_Romo, Gs. From Rome the route follows tho Etowal to its nedrest point of approach to the Ocmulges, River, and down the latter to the City of Macon, and thenco to the sea. Naturo has already sup-: plied the greatcr portion of- this ronte, and it re- mains for us to completo the work which she hag already begun. The route has been surveyed | by distinguished engineors of the War Depart- ment, and has been pronounced by thém emi- nently feasible. Aok s It offers to yon the following advantages: First, choap transportation.. According .to tho | officia] reports, the cost of ransporting o ton of grain from St. Louis to Savanneh by this Touto_ would bo £4.88. 1t costs by rail €14.40. The saviog upon each ton wonld be £9.25, amounting in the eggregate to £14,000,000 per annum upon grain alone, to be divided batwoen the é:mdncer and consumer. Second, thia ronte would be opea. the eutire year, never rendered impracticable by, ice in' winter, nor by drought in sumnmer. Third, it would greatly increase the consting trade, fur~ niching employment during the wintor months (when'the Niagara ship-canal shall be opened) to the steamers and other veesols engaged dur- ing summer upon the lakes. Fourth, the route passes through immense forests of yellow pine, Dd you would ba. onabled fo obtaim tho besk lumber in unlimited qunnhfie:‘,l aud at low rices. Fifth, it o] to you all the Southern Bfutes cast of " the Alissisaippi River as market for your grain, bacon, h: nfl' and other products, tha domand for which will constantly increaso, In this market you would be absolutely without & competition. ~ Sixth, it would furnish cheap transportation for maw cottonto your section, and for tho manufactured article in return. Such advantages would certainly develope the manu- facture'of cotton to a vast extent in the Western and Northwestern States. Iwould take great vJ:anra in_ meeting with tho farmers of tho West and Northwest, and umting with them in considering the.vast inter- -cut on tho spot, aro incloued, that you- sy judge nake 1aid 'on each man’s shoulder, and thoy slowly bo- gin to traverse the thorny way—thorny it is in very truth, for it is covered with the spino’ of - the cactus'and prickly pear. Bomoof the first, how pleasant it may be to walk with. feot on such a carpet, or tolie thereon with ‘2" heavy. beam rosting on the body. As this is done we see plainly that this is not the commencement of their fpenances; - backs and breech-clouts” bear blocdy evidence to the contrary, 8a-also do-the fearfully emaciated forms, worn by pain sad pri- vations until they hardly secm to belong to living | menm. - - & i .. 23 . & But_they-go on, slowly, steadily,-tottering sometimes from -woakncss, yeb never faltarirg, pever fiinching } thus thoy “perform.tho terriblo tagk, Every few minutes. the. officer presiding sjgnals a halt;the attendants take the.crosses and hold them until the penitentes ‘are on their* faces,"then’lay them™on their “naked bodies, which, for any symptoms. of- lifo. they- digplay, might'be taken for those of doad mon.... When- the chanting mummery is at.an end -for the mo- ‘ment tize wrotched fanaticaresume their joarney. - On reaching the other cross which T have men-: iioned, they trot briekly -around it, deposit their. loads and- crawl abjectly toif, placieg| ihemselves with . heads almost touching, ana’ forming in appearance tho.spokes of & huge wheel. ~ Next are more prayers,- the entire con- . gregation, who have comd an their kneea dis- tance’ of fully a hundred yards, joining in. Thon they retraco their ataps with' precisely tho . SAMO Ceremories. =~ - 3 An incident marks the roturn, which, thongh |- carried one of they - cross the .| til p. they would bind ono to the cross and .drag him ag {ar 2s the croes had bofore been carried. But the question was get ‘at rest.in five minutea. Another fifer, priest, and man carrying what the Americans present irreverently called ** The Lit- tle Jesus,” made their appearance, and following them with mach difficulty, a solitary- penitents who had both arma oxtended, and tightly bound to the npright portion of thoe cross, which was 1aid lengthwise across his shoulders, the two onds projecting beyond the hands.. 7 Standing a few paces from tha door he waited until followed by two more, each ons of whom those terzible whips. ~Placing "themselves behind him, sach one strikes him be- ‘low the shoulders. *He takes slowly a &tep for- ward—they strike him again.- And so ho ‘g on, for every step two blows; tho waiting un- il' thoy atrike fairly and then taking “his~ next step in ~ advance. Not more than s tenth part of his journey-is accomplished when he gtops, recls, and secms about to fall. The regular whiz of the whi&is neyer intqrmit- ted; every blow is laid on with _cruel energy, but at e whisper and a sign from the presiding fiend tha two executioners aim their blows an inch or two lower.. Every time the victim flags they apply the same remedy, selccting some naw epot on which to operate until the entire’ back sand gides aro cut and torn and bruised alike, and tho flesh hangs in shreds_ and- patchos, while cross, victims, and executioners are_equally tored and coverod with blood. I am compelled to turn away so sickened and horrified that I'can hardly see, and, for tho moment, a8 weak 2s an infant. . Lt * You may think this exaggoratea. It 13 not. Thie horrible truth cannot. be. . I figares will oncble you to better comprohend tho enormity of this Jnst piece of- infamy, herethey are. I timod the operation myself : ; . Tt took that poor wrotch to’ walk to the farth- st cross and return prazisely one hour sod forty tes, during the wholo of which time he wa3 Toceiving st the Tate of fifty-four blows per . minate ;.80 that he had to endure no leas than five thousand four bundred stripes; . . - As it was nearly sunset when this Iast oxhibl- tion was concluded, and as I was moreover reslly gick, I left and returned to town. Of the wnolo thing nothipg surprised me more than the non- chalance .with which:a wagon-load of Mexican “Iadics,” looked on the entire spectacle. T have givon you sbove the programme for ono day (at least s portion of it, for, as I uxdi‘ the exercises were kept up until midnight), ‘but I have mentioned only a few of the many modea of torture in use among these people. . As, for instance, on ths previous .day ('Xg\magiuy) -ono man trod his thorny path bearing on his sboul- ders a load of prickly pears, 2o tied that thaspines yore contifmally ponstrating nd lacerating him. ‘Another, bound hand and £0ot, waa compelled to rform the first half the joume{ on his knées, E:ing unable to move but iwo or three inchea st & time. . Roturning he was unbound tly to ‘enabla him to rise to his feet and step about & foot.. Tl ropo was then tied to his waist,: to which waa attached four. others, the euds: of which were held by a8 many men. One of then . was placed in front, one behind, and one on each ride of the penitents, who then began Lis return trip..-He had walked nearly. to the end of his tether, when the man behind jerked him sharply; ‘bound es ho was, ho was'of coursp unsble to re- “tain his feet and fell. Ho rose again and was treated by one of tho others to znother dose_of the esme kind, and in that manndr performed a - part of his journey. Somotimes he wonld bo al- owed towaik a little way, but presently, ffom one-of his_tormentors—ho never knew. from which untilit was too late to- save -himeelf— | would come a sharp pull at the mpl{ and down o fell. Prosently ho fell and forgot fo ziss. Ho counld not. ' He was lifted to his feet, fell sgsin, aud then the four dragged him to the hnrm’lfl they might & dead ox. And'soon. You wonder how these peopla can stand 20 mach and livo, Tt is wonderfal ; they certainlf have powers of endurance greater than.I zi?{ 'E%“d possible, But they do not alwsys L¥ 6 poor wretcl. dragged by the rope was d before ho was taken into the house, and was, & it may be lndicrons in itself, sérves by-contrast to make the spectaclo more saddening. - - A tame antelope belonging to the sottlement, aitracted by the procession, breaks Lhmu%h the crowd, takea a position in lino with and close o tho two leading "penitentes, ‘and marches quictly and gTRVEIYSIth them'; at each halt bending his slender limbs and slowly lying down, to Tise again ot_the game timo 08 {ho others. ' Ons of tlio attendants; finding himself too warm, takos offhis_cont, £nd coolly adds it _to tho load his man, already staggering, has to bear, One of the sufferers especially excites atton- tion and pig;—a boy of apparently not mors than 15 yeara. ‘bears up bravely, but toward the end he totters and reels at every stop, and wonld foll but forthe hand which, without alding, keops All inally reach the crossin front of the lodge, ests involved in the questions briefly alluded to in this address. I cordially inyite the granges in march around it, and then place their burdens where they fizat took them up. * Then, after per- Fridsy, lying there awaiting burial. Four mor were l’xegn\ghuae recovery was said to be hope- less. There is no doubt that many are murdered ; no ona will ever know how man!h_l’,‘;: . thoy aro taken away ond secretly buried. T2 can be easily done, for the inhabitants of it 4 lazas ere ail natives, and,as fow of them ard z:‘ gifidumy m"g‘f,’ tho A.muncm:,p the desd & - not missed oxcept by their own ey -~ You will wonder further llll?eth AAmennfl’ do not interfere and stop these practices. do not appear to care, or, if they do; aT® ¢ that more of the brutes d he Alexi- Thera exists not much liking betwees ¢he v cana and-Americans, and the authorities i new condition don't worry themselves i 4t triffes. Beides it might bo dangerois 19 1 tompt to !to&thu ¢ Penitentes,” 107, ber.tha - southwi o natiyes grestly. outn! whnn.ml' ¥ Jorx H, MAUGEAL them three penitentes, each one armed witha | who wero among tho spectators, on't kill themselves: - £ f ez 2 & i i |