Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 22, 1873, Page 2

HARVARD. The University System Dis- cussed. The Oourse of Discipline and Study ot Cambridge. Fals# Rumors Contradicted-«-Something Conoerning the Optional Course. The Average Student and His Ncodg---How These Aro Best Mot {Twu Looding American Institutions Compared from & Harvard Stand- point---European Univer~ pities, &e., &e. Special Correspondence af The Chicago Tribune, Oaxpranoz, Mass,, Fob, 16, 1818, Tn his roport for 1871-'72, Prealdont Elfob,, *aftor oxpressing s hopo thet tho collogo wonld _soon entirely gab rid | Bpirit, says ¢ of & cortain achool-boy’ 41t {8 concelvablo that young: raon of 18 to 23 should best bo trained to solf-" control in freodom by leiting them taste freo- " dom and responstbility within tho wll-guarded This sontonco has | onclosuro of colloge lifo.”, boon takon am corroborativo of & newspaper story, and it is noiv gonorally bolioved, that Har-~ ~atd Collego hias abolished morning prayors, zud mndo attendance at collogo rocitations and loo- itures optionnl. . ghell digcuss _‘asico at recitations, ¢ onch losson. * mark sffects thelr rank in | from rocitations thoro is f sorios of punish- Tho story that proyera have beou abolishod i8 untrue. Such n messure has not ‘boon proposed. Tor the roport that attondanca upon racitations and Joctures has boon mado optional, thore is & light foundation ; those interosted in ‘tho col- 9ego are heginning to disensn o proposition giv- ing senjors more freodom in attendanco s rocltations, locturos, and religlous ox- ercisos. It will Lo soen that the story is far “grom tho truth; tho guestion is ‘morely undor i t does not look to freolug-from all t vofers only to the onior clnas, I tho question’of voluntary attond: sithout consldering volun- tory attendnnce at roligious exeroisos—although many arguments in favor of tho ono apply squally well to tho othor. i " If tho proposed roform is mado, the changes 0 faras rocitations ara concerned, will bo, csscntially, a8 follows : Under tha presoub rognlations, the semiors, iike membors of the othor classos, aro obliged to attond cach reoitn: Vion, and are, #8 far a8 possible, ‘cxamined on 1€ oallod. upon to recito, thoy are marked aceording to their profleioucy, and thoir {ho cings, For absonco wiodght, boginuipg with o fow deduo- tions; including o private ndmomtion, » publio admonition, snd lottor Lomo, and specinl probation ; and onding with susponsion. monts, : Since 80 much stross is laid npon -yecitations, 'iho oxeminations are mot froquent, Of tle " plect four, ; tions within courges from which soniors ore required to none hes moro than two oxamina- tho year. At presont, indead, ex- " aminations are not 8o numerous In senior ag in enrlier yoars. For thig, the oxisting system, it is proposed to Introduco one of which tho cusontisl feataros ould probably be the following : Recitations’ | woutdbeheld as ot prosont, but no marks would bo given, and, instend of tho old methods of enforcing attendance, thero would bo adopted * cogulationawhich,whilorosiraining studentsrom, grons Irrogularity, would give thom some traide iug in rosponelbility sud Indepondenco, Racords of attondanca upon rocitation would be kept, and ;paronts would bo informed of contlnued absonce on tho part of their sons. Examiuations would bo fraquent aud rigid, and by thoso the scholar- ghip of studonts would bo tested. Soniors have four studies ; it I8 proposed to give an oxamina- . tion in éaok study evory month, and that these four monthly examinations shall bo so arranged . that ono may come esch woek. Tho reform - wonld nok affect tho question of residence in - Qambridgo—n matter, indeed, which adjusts “ jtsolf, sinco students need mot bo told to live vith thelr follows. 5 € + It & only in o form similar tothin that & mess- ure favoring voluntary sttendance has & chande_ of adoption. It must substitute some moans ot gonstralnt—though so gontlo ns not to' scom compulsory—for the rogulations now. in forco ; it must be confined to tho senior class; it must ‘bo underatood that any extension of tho systom .sould be & matter for futuro experimont and ob- sorvation, Lvon this moasure, howevor, would bo of importanco, inasmuch as it would be.s move in o direction new to Amorican colloges, ODJECTIONA TO OPTIONAL ATTENDANOE. At the .outset we must consider quostions which ooeur to every oo, Granting that tho now systom would ba batter for manly, faithful men, aro not'many students wogoung to imposs rentraints upon themselyes? o not the large numbers whose charaotors aro formiug need to doyend on o strong, holping hand? “Will nob thoso who hinve neither love for study nor sn u){— rociation of the beating of. their success in col~ fsgo on thelr success in 1ifo,—will not thoso, and 15y axa not afow, abuse thoir liberty ? Wil pas ronts hiave any assurance that thoir sons aro not absent from recitations or from Usmbridgo for woeks at & time 2 Ono goneral principlo to belnid down bofora answoring stich questions is that, with any sys- | tom, tho oollege must fail with some men, and that the strong are lajured by boing trented rs if they~woro wenk, "A spntence in President TEilot's report bearson this point, and I quoto his.words: ** Whenovor it sppenrs thata col- loge rulo or metliod of gonoralapplication is por- sovored in only for tdhu Enkfi; of tlhn lengt promli ising and worthy students, there is good groun to ;{uspnet that that rule or mothod lag beon outgrown,” 4 f Ti considering such quostions it must also bo remombered that it is nob proposed to give theso soniors unrostrained liborty in the matter of nttendanco, A rocord of sbeoncos would bo kopt snd notice takon of marked negligonco; paronts would bo notifled in casos of irregularl- ty; erigld oxamination -overy woek would en- sure some hard study on tho part of ovory stu- dont ; the students would continue desiraus of tha good-opinion of their instructors, and, to ob- tnh:l 1t, would hinve to show an_ intorost in tholr studies. B 1 TIn direct answor to such quostions, it msy bo s0id thnt Harvard studonts avo, ou. the aversga, Tore thin twonty-oneyears old ub tho beginiiing of their sonior yoar, aud men of that ago may havo something left to their solf-rospost ; that thoso whoso chuTaotors are unformed will loarn 10 uso more wisoly tho froodom of after-lifo by ‘having atnste of responsibilily in tho last year of thoir college courso; furthermor, that thoso who do not desire lomlufi, oithor for its own f£ako or 08 an instrument, willnot be Sm{:lmvud by « rigid system of compulsion up to b 0. day of graduation, and that, if thoy should bo led to Sdnsider tho recitation room g8 o placo in which valuable instruction may bo obtained, and not s plage whither they aro forced to go in order to Tun the gsuntlot of queatlony simoed Lo find ont ‘whothor thoy have learned thelr lpssons,——yith this changod aspect, learning might gopm ~ moro nttractivd. G B 1 . DRFEOTS OF THE PRESENT BYATEN. . |, What justifies tho dlcussion of this zow mossure 4, that tho old system hies glaring | dofects, Mgt we be contout with methods ‘Which ato &0 very inoffectusl ?- Recitations aro now rogarded by mnle -students a8 ends, not means, ‘Lhoy aro obliged to €0, , aud thqlr at: tendanco, thercfore, is prompted by fear of .gensuro rathor thon & desiro: to, learn, Tho secitatlon hour acoms an jnfliotion lustead of & ‘privilego, aud Instruction Iu neither vaiued nor songht for na it should bo, Thair, lossons thoy lonrn bocauso thoy haye to learn thom; they know they will bo marked on tholt “racitation, :m!i for ihat roason, while studying, »s well o8 while roviting, they think moro of marks® than .ot Jmowlodgo.' Ho_ much of their siructor's timo is takon up with teating thoir familiarity srith tho leagon, and 8o much of thoir own 8t- tentlon fs glven to making o good show of what thoy alroady know, that tl\l‘ifllch" bas litfle . SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 187 “time to impnrt ouy hew light. on tho subjoct, bt 3 nfovont i somidng Tt Wo hoar a groat deal about tho nnolossness of knowlodgo - obtalned by cramuming for ox- aminations,-but thls cramming for rocitations ™ morg usoless, Who studont remembora but lt- ile, nnd, worso ntill, thinks that in mooting thoso Foquiromonts of Eho colloge o in doing hin whola duty, Whon hio crams for nn oxaminntion ho knows ho does wrong, but he is pur!'ccll)’ eatinfled with eramming for veoktationn, Thin hand-to-month scholarship, and the shifting of sl responibility on tho collego, oxplnin tho Aclrool-boy spiric provalont in collegos, bnt not found in" professionnl schools, lE’m\dnn!e Do~ liovo, pparontly, that tho collogo has mado a contraot with thom, and yiold themuolvos liko clay into the potter's lnnds. Thoy are to pay corimn tuition fees and oliey n dozon regila~ tionh ; in_consideration of thogo morvicos, tha college will at tho ond of four yeuts furniah (hom a liboral edueation, Buch n feeling ns thin kills the truo acadomio opirit, and such methods of atudy_lond nelthor to power of indopendont thaought nae orudition. " Why should tho npirit in profeasional nchools bo so different lI:um that in onr senfor clhssen? Wo wonld not have our colloges bocomo professional meligols, but that in no reasomr why thoy shonld ho_ncademics. Either n liboral education hina 1ittle Intrinsic worth, or it ls not presonted in the righit form, it menof from 21 to 23 mustbo foreod to soék it from Liour to hour, i Studonta are opon to Lettor thinge. In the ‘uppor clasgos ospeclally, men ofton: show in- croased foithfulness ; thoy study harder, some- ‘timos taking courses of "study na oxtras; thoy ‘rond and write moro, and show much intollootual potivity, Nota few soulors stndy for spocial honots in various branches, and o this oud ac~ “gomplioh & largo amount of hard extra work, In gophomoro yoar, ono man in fivo studios faith~ fully for what aro called second-yenr honors in clngsica and mathematica, For both kinds of lionors tho requisites aro oxacting, and thoso -tenchers and students ongaged in tho worlk do- sorvo crodit for diligont extrs toaching and studylog. ! THE PROROSED BYSTEM AND THE INSTRUOTONS— LIEQTURES AND EXAMINATIONS. T.ot us considor noxt tho influenco which the new eystom would -axert on tho tonchors, Would it ‘oxtend tho porsonal influence of tho instructor and ennblo him to infuso more in- toreet into Lia subjoct ? And this is tho main uostion: for thesp two things aro especially 3nnlla\flu, in tha advancad atudies of genior yoar, whieh can bo studiod succossfully only by thoso who have intorest in thelr subject and sock for instruction, Now, tencliors aro inthe eyes of manyestudents lonrnedl taskmostors. Tho classos uro ofton large, and the presenco of &0 %runt o number of uninterostod persons {8 o drawbnols to thoso who 8ro mtnmute«.{ Tho instructor is ocoupied with finding out how much the studont has learned alroady, rather than in tonchfig him moro. Tha upil mpkes ne good o recitation as ho can, and ?s, too often, well satisfied with the hour's work if ho hag gounn & high mark, Often le .hing not stuaied tho losson enoughto know its difiteultics, " or olso docs not oaro enou h for tho . pubject to quostion tho instructor, 8o prominent in the student's mind is tho iden that marks aro the chiof end, that anything like original Investigation or froquent queationing by studonts is frownod upon by the Qlass, and rogarded as an attompt to show off or curry favor with the teacher. Yor oll thesa reasons, thero is not enough of that catechisin hich, from focratos down, hins beon regardos a5 tho bostmethod ol instruction. .'Too fre~ quently tho studonts, when rociting, aro in the attitudo of roluctant witnesses, with attorneys, putting them through o cross-oxamination. - Whothorthis statc of affairs would boimproved upon by tho proposed_change, it i hard to tell :before the oxporimont is tried, It is cerinin that, with nttendance ‘optional, the tonchera would have to adopt now methods, There would, atlonat, bo uo reciting for markn; thoro would be fewor unintercstod pupilsy nrlimnllty and quoptioning would bo encouraged. ‘The instruc- foreould tekethe position of n private tutor, mnd wight say to hig class: “Horeafter. you, will havo moro freedom fu attendance on recitations, but you will bo required to understand your sub- jects, and do yonr work thoroughly.” T shall old my recitations as horotoforo, aud shall do my beut Lo teach you, I1f anything is not clear toyou, bo sure to nek wmo about it. Inthe cotiryo of o mouth you will hove an examination in ench of your subjects, and theso exarninations will bo. such that youwill Lavp hard work in passing thom unless you keep tho run of your yocitations. I shall queetion imx aud help you in evory way I can to stady in tho right way, Ba suro you holp: yourselves.” I canpot but think that-such & position ay this would b ouco enn~ ble instructors, and spur thom on to give in- struction beftor in itsolf, and wmore useful to thoir pupils. What wo have moat reagon to dresd whon wo 800 o collogo adopting the systom of optional at- tondance i8, that its instructors will not take ?aaiuou like that described abovo, bug will oon- ont thomeolyos .with lecturcs, sud loave sll ¢training to compotitive exsminations, Ior ronsons which I shall give below, I shonid not foar this jn Harvard Colloge. It would cortainly. bo o step backward, Lecturos sre hut poor monns for instructing young men whose minds need to react on all they appro- hend, and who, sinco thoy soo most things for the first time, noed to 8o overy side of them snd turn them over for themselvos, Compotitive examinntions have their ofiice, nnd & vory im- partant ono, but they cannot: tako tho placo of dnily and wookly tralning. ‘We may soy this_muol finmst oxaminations, nlhhough Genoral Butler aud other admirers of the old Olvjl Bervico systom orr in thinking them worthliess, Jt s true thoy occasion cram- ming, but recitations, also, couso cramming. The cramming for oxaminntionk—oupeoially for such thorough ones as competent instryotors got—must bo continuous, and give & connovtod view of tho subject -as woll ea some positivo Knowledge, The cramming for recitations is absolutaly nseless, aud ybet was learncd in o Lilf-bour is forgotton in a8 short a timo. Bub something moro than cramming {8 required in ordorto pass examinations successfully, sud that Mr. Gladstone racontly desonibed in these words : * What n pitched battlo is to tho com- ‘mander of an army, that a strong examination is t0 an earnest student. All his faculties, all his attainments, must be on tho alert and wait tho timo a8 atrongth; and ovor the wholo movoment prosonce of mind must presido.” Ono such test evory weok would be of value to the student. HE WORKING OF BECENT REFORMS IN JIATVARD— QOLLEOE AND FROFESSIONAD SONOOLS, The guarantee againet & surfeit *of leotures and pxaminations” in ‘Harvard Colloge s the spirlt which animatos Harvard University. By :practising rigld economy, and exhousting” overy yosourco, tho Universlty has, within s fow yoara, mado many xoforma which increaso tho tm:lflli‘h:u for instruction and favor thorough study, - Look first at the Collogo. numbor of toachors Lias boen more than doubled, although onoh teacher gives ableast as much’ time to the Colloge now ns then. A now ohem- ical laboratory has boen oponed; apother new 1aborstory moats a need long felt in the dopart- ‘mont of physies; Proforsor Gray's botanic gar- don and horbarium, and Professor Agnssiz's ma- goum, havo beon made moro useful $o atudontd of natural history. Tho Collego is vrganiged Dbottor than in former yoars, and is _gradnally raising its standard of scholavehip, Its admis- ond rigid that, uspally, more than one-sixth of the applicanta ure rojected, Tho olective aya- fem,—n mensure introduced with hositation, but ustified by experience,~is carofully adminis- orod, In freshman year, all tho studics aro roquired; in tho wophomoro and ljun- for years, ‘studics arc in part Toquired. Tho student 1s by no meana loft to himsolt in hiis choico of electives, * ile must satiafy his instructors -that he is quaiificd by his provious training to .purAue thobo coursed which ho go-. leots. With thie limitation ull tha courges given in the Colloge are open to Lim -in making l-zn oholce, but ho is cornestly recommonded {o mako hjs choice with groat caro, under the best advioe, and in such a manner that his cleotivo courses from fires £o Inst way form o rationally- considersd wholo,” Kot guly are siudents pro- hibited from taking courges which gra too far advanced for them, but thoy pra not sllowaed to chooso studics which aro over-casy, Ifor ex- ample, r boy oduoatsd in France mey not utndy elemontary Irench, umd Jikowiso thoso remark- ably proficiont” in suy branch nged not be kept back by tholr olass, but may ounter moro ad- -vonced divisions, . Tl roforms inetitutod in tho Medieal and Law fohopls within {ho thres yenrs hsye beon atill mote pignificant. Thevo the courses of inatric- {ion hinys heen mada more tlmmu!]h, systematio, And comprohenp}yc, and with tho locturps: thoro liave boen combined vanitations and facilities for -pp)rng tho lmowledge ueyujxed from books and leolnros. ‘I'ha Modion] School has vndorgone a compleio transformation, Up to laat year the courso in {ho bost achoold, qualifyjng ‘& man for tho de- groo of Daotor of Mediciue, wpy, in its main points, na folows: Tn the sutumu and winter 1ucmrou wora delivorad pb the ruto of ilve ar nix & dny, for from four ta flve monthy, 'Lhe sama Jooturey were delivered ovory your, It was nce- esuary for a candidato for a dogroe to proyo thab Liobad attendad two suok anuunl courses of le- turos—one of " them -at tho school - to whioh ho applied for o degreo. “'he oxaminatlons et tho ond of tho ooursa wera varvlax and basty, Tt wag ro- quirad, furthormore, that ench candldato shonld present o cortificato that ho had sthdlod medi- olno ot lenst throo yonrs with s rogular practl- tlonor, hut this was usnally recolvod without ox-. aminalion, and was & vory uwcortsin pleco of tostlmony. Tho nyntom was somewhat improved at o lnfoday by the ostablishment of summer tehools, whoreln the Instruotion was given, an n rulo, by tho youngerand subordinate teachors. Mo now pian wont into offeat in 1871-72, and has been suceessful. Undor 1k ““iustruction is glven by lectures, recitations, -olinienl tenching, and praotical oxorcisol distributod lhraughou& the acadomic yonr, Tho courso of {nstruction {lilg throo yonrs, bogiuning with the fundamental nubjocts of anntomy, phyaiology, and chomistry in tho first yoar, and corrying tho studont pro- rossivoly and systomatically from one snbjoct o another, until, nt the ond of his third _year, ho bas sindled ognized” subjocts of n quud ‘modieal odu- cation, Thirdly, In tho important subjocts of anatomy, physlology, chomiatry, and patho- logical anatomy, laboratory work is subntituted for, or ndded to, tho usual didactio" looturos, Evory atudont lins his placo in the anatomieal and chomioal Inboratories and in the microscope- room ; and ho is mado to feol that such worlk is «quito 88 much roquirod of him s attondsnco st rooltations and loctures. Lastly, overy condi- dato for n dogreo of Doctor of. Modicine must lmun o satisfactory oxmmnination in every one of ho main subjects of modicnl instruotion,” Tho changes in the Linw Hohool have teudod in tho aamo diroction, Xt is no longor sufliciont for o eandidato for tho dogreo to entor hia namo on tho Law Bohool books, and pay his tuition-focs for a yoar and o I:nlf— mornwhilo iuendln[g loctures and “ roading law® according to his own royal plonsure. Tho courso bas beon lengthened to twvo yoars, The studies for that period are roquired, and the can- didnto for o dogroo must pass an examinstion on thoe work of oach year. “Che studios are now ar- ranged in their natural order, adopted witha singlo view to tho studont's bost progross, Lf- forts nro mado to toach the logal mods of think- ing and rensoning, The courses of leatures by ;ogulgr pruten;o{r&:al{)uvnv,)lxpplelllmncnd wlbfl 0\ conrRey %R ominent lawyo - ~godin tho Sol%eA by omingny Inwrors, 8- '0 tho lectures hiavo boon added rdoltations, in whioh casos aro_taken up and discussed. In ad- dition to tho old Moot Gourts, which aro ns vig- orous ag over, there have boon establishod cason in lomlh:fntu tonch proceduro, Each case givon ‘out containg n statomont of facts, Iour men bolug nssigned to It, iwo on aslde, umfi pload sgainst each other on thouo facts until they coms to an {seua of law ar fact, whon the caso la roady for'a hearing and declsion. 18 HARVARD RIom? - . To appreoisto tho signifioanco of these im- {)mvcmun!s in the gmlneuionnl schools, wo have 0 remombor that thoy diminish the recoipta and all_tho roo- ineronss tho oxponses. The clovailon of tho .standard has caused o folling off in the number of studonts, sud, sinco tho echools have small ondowments, thoy caunot afford to loss tho tuition fees, Tho tenchers fn the Medical word of commsnd 3 mathad {a tosted at the samo’ Sinco 1866-67, the. gion examinztions have boen made eo fhorough” Bchools get oither poot pry or none #f all. The Collogo, also, had to rin behindhand in ordor to establish tho electlvo systom, and make othor improvomonts. In fact nothing could be further from tho truth than the jmpros- sion that Harvard University isrich. Itis only n fow yours sivce it omorged from absoluto pov- erly, ~As it is, tho slarlos uro insufficlent, tho smallest oxpense must ba watched serupulously, and, in considering quostious of instruction, i ‘mug bo nsked first, not Do wo noed it 7" but “Can we afford it?” The Incomo has lnrgely incronsed, but expenditures bave moro than kopt up with {t, Lafors the Boston flre it had boon decided that oxpouses must bo ro- trenched_ to tho pmount of 310,000 o | yoar, In that . firo the Universlty oat $250,000, and of this sum about £100,000 v not beon made up. Of tho ©150,000 thus tnrgivem Boston and. its vioinity have contrib- uted by far tho largest part. In its extromity, tlia Univarslty asks for holp from the East and | ‘West. ' Suroly thoro can be fow belterunen for monoy than applylug 1t to tho nid of an'jnatitu- tion which hag achioved 8o much alrondy, and in woll furnished in brains and will—in overythin, ‘but money—for achiovements nobler still., * ADVANTAGES BARVARD IA8 IN TDVING BUOK EX- TPERTUENTA—YALE COMPARED WITU DATVAID, Ihore are roasons why experiments liko Gint "ot optional attendanco in. Bonior yoar canbo triod to botter advantage in Harvard than in siy othor collego in the country. Tho requisite for ndmission to Harvard aro a yoar in advanco of those of auy other collega, and, as a consequonce, atudents start out with Detlor traiving and more learning, It isto bo obsarved nlso that, although it is s0 mach herd- eor to entor Harvard Oollego than any othor col- lego, 18—the averago age at which students aro \\dmk(.ed—!a not _ga high as other inatitutions. Thig is aocounted for by the faot that Harvard students havo, on tho averago, bottor advantagos for early oducation. Harvard is not o rioh man's colloge—it dieponsas to poor students the in- come on about £250,000—but an unusually large portion of mon come from hLomes wharo Daronts, eithor possessing or appreolating a lib- ‘oral educalion, give the boat :proparation for col- Jogo duties, X Tho groatest advantago Harvard wouldbavo in trying this_cxporimont would bo tho’ elostive systom, with its opportunities for instruction. 1t i» obyious that, i€ loft to themaelvos, Reniora | —who in Harvard arp of {wenty-one to twenty~ two—would have more interest in studies which they had chosen for thomeclves, Harvard not only has the eloctive system, but hea beon onnbled to put it on s good fooling. To show Jiow rich tho Collego is in opportunitios for in- struotion, I shall compare ita courdes with thoso offorod by Yale,—taling Yalo becauso it is tho Collego with phich Harvard is usually compored. The authority for my assortions In regard to Yalo is ita catalogue for 1872-78. TIn ench of the threo branches, Grool, Latin, and Mathomatjcs, Yale offora one courso lasting through two-thirds of tho foyr years, For ono yoar and s third out of his couréo tho Yale stu- dent hns no opportunity to study Latin, ar Grook, or Mathematics. Harvard offers more han threo times a8 much instruction in Greok, more than twico 28 much in TLatin, and four tmos ns muok in_Mathematics ; ono course in onoh i8 requirod through froshman year; there- maining courses raay bo distribated” thraugh tho other years (undor conditions stated above in connection with_the oloctive system). In Mod- orn Languagos tho disparity between the two Collogos ie groator atill, The only instruction {n English (oxeluding Rhotorlo and_Compoeis thm} at Ynlo is 8 courso in tho History of Englieh Litorature, for throo months ; Harvard, ©on tite otber hand, offers advantages nine times aggreat. At Yalo the studyof Gormanis bo- gun in tho socond third of junior Seor. “Through thob thid it 1§ ro- Qquired, and students are pormitted to take it a8 oo olective two-thirds more, Tho Instruction in German at Yalo, therefore, amounts to ono course for ono year, Harv: requires ono Gourso in Gorman” throngh tho freshmon year, and offora ihreo edditional gourses of tho samo Jength in the later yorra, A men who has rend Feoelon's Telemaque has leamed all tho Fronch to bo ldarned at Yale, which furnishes one courge oxtonding through two-thirds of sophomoro yesr, At Harvard thoso who fail to a8 an admission exwmination in olomentary Y;‘:cnah Bro rorFlirud to study it through sopho- more year. 'Chis and othor courses open fo ptudents make the opportunitics for instraction in Frencb at Horvard rovon times thoto in Yale, "Tho other modern langunges are nob_taught 1 Yale, whilo Harvard gives throo courses—onci o year long—in Itelian, and one course of the same length in Spanieh. The instruotion at Yele in Philosophy and Tistory seoms xudscmuul{rmnu whon somparad ‘it that ot Harvard, In Yalo, Philosophy, in all iis branchos, is dealt with in four torms,” Threa months apleco eve given to Logio, Montal Phil- gaoply, 2 oral_T'hilosophy, and tho Histary of Philosophy, -Harvard offors moro than four times as much instruction ; onn year in Logio and Motapbysics is roquived aud there aro Dbo- widos flyn olootive courncn, each a yoar long, on the following subjectd: Psychology, Ancient Thilosophy, Hehoola of DosCarten” and - Kant, Modern Gorman Philosophy, and Moral Philogos l)hy. 'T'o Hlstory, Yale gives ono courso, dover- ng four Lerms or ouc-third of four years, Iar- vard offers five timos wus “wuch jue struction, oxtending throngh throo year, with Anoiont History iu sophomore, “Mad- jroval In I}“"l" and Modorn n_sonior - year. ZLven {n Politicsl Belonco, where Yale hins boon considored espocially strong, it offers only half o8 ‘)lnuch inatruction A e bo obtained af Hav- vard, e opportunities at Yalo Collogo for the study of Naturnl Hislory aro meagre in the ox+ tremo. Who justruotion in Chomlstry i glvon l,hru\:fh lectures and reoltatjony, and in all com- prised in threo nonthy, Ho fav gs tho Yalo cabe slogue shows, thoro Is no work done in a olomi- Agnsple’s mudoum, ou which neatly $1,000,000 Iinva bean livostod alrosdy, nd prosontn bosides: 1wo conrsos, ono in Compnrative Avntomy aud Pligslology, ology. - Llooution {a tho ono branch in! which Yula offorn moro Instruction thau s offered by Tlurvard. In Rhotorl, tho colloges furniah about the anmo ndvantagon. "o numbor of teachors at nrvasd fn doubla that nt Yalo, The former collego hnn tweniy- ono full Profeesors, tho Jattor han abont fificon ; Harvard hng olght Aualntant Drolensors, Yalo: lias ono, Tla (ntruotors in Harvard Collogo aro, in all, flfl{-ono; in Yalo Oollogo, nonrly or quliu twenty-flve. OPTIONAL ATTENDANOE IN EUNOTT. - @loarly, then, Hargard would hove peculine advantagos in trying tho oxporiment of optiounl attondonoo. Would it, howaver, bo &n exporl- mant? Have not European universitios mado this oxporimont, and mny wo not acoopt thy re- sults of thowr oxporionco? Although our col- loges and Europaan univorsitios aro n condi- tiona very different, it is doubtloss true thab thoir oxperionco shonld have gront woight. 1t is onvy toloan the fesson taught by En- lish, Fronch, and Gorman_univeraltios. Tho ‘ronch snd tha Gorman havo sttendanco ab oxorcigos n{:tloml: the English roquire attond- anco ot half tho exorcises, and ono result of thoir wholo systom of instruction s, that moat of tho hard work {s done with vrlyato tulora lirod by the atudants themsclves, About somo things In both thoso systems thero is complaint, but no ono drosms of s rigld eystom of com- puldory attendanco, Buch a syatom 18 found in the German Gym- nasien, which givo hard drill and sond oub graduates with as much scholarship as Amerlean studonts got by the end of their froshman or nnghomnra yoor, Tho discipline of these schools I8 sovero, with ovm?thinu compulsory, and they cnrmlnfy give admirablo training, The courso Is four years in longth, and studonts graduato at 18, Harvard noithor emulatos the Gorman uni- voreities, which, with tholr froodom, leotures, and oxaminations, ara fitted for ripo tcholarg. not raw studonts, nor tho Gormgn Gymnasidn, with thelr tralning suitablo forboys of 14 to 18, It 18 #atd thop graduathy of tho Gymnpsion have us muol acholarshif na Ametican atudonts at tho ond of tholr fresltuan or sophomore yonr; itis sxid, furthormoro; that thdso gradustes whon they go to tho universitioa god aro froed from tho onforcod drudgery of t’o Gymnasion, ofton wasto the first yoar or two of mh- univoraily courso. Theso facts goom to show us that tho voluntary syatem would not work well in sopho- more or, porhaps, junior yoar. May wo yonture to givo American ‘siudents of 21 freedom not 80 unreatrained as that given Gorman studonts eged 187 8. By Jn. CONFIRMED, A Great Victory for Law and Order. Messrs, Wright and Mason Confirmed s Polico Commissloners. A speolal meoting of tho Common Conrcll, called by Aldermen Djxon, Coey, Warren, and Traocey, was hold last ovening, when tho follow- ing Aldormen woro progent.: Richardson, Dixon, ‘Warron, McGonnles, Cooy, Bidwoll, Btono, Plok- ‘oring, Tracey, Bchmitz, McClowry, Clowry, Datley, Powell, O'Brien, Clarkr, Bwool, Kehoo, Heatl, Minor, Mooro, Oloveland, Quirk, Eol- hardt, Stout, Alshr, Longachor, Behaffzor, Oan~ " non, Ogdon, Woodman, aud Corcoran. . Provious to tho organization of tho meeting .Ald, Longacher and Potor Mahr woro shouting to the Olorlk to call tho roll, in'tho hope that tho objoctof the meoting—tho confirmation of tha Meyor's nomineos for the vacant offices of Polico Commissionora—would be frustrated. The meoting was called for 8 o'clock, but the time- pieco in the Council Chambor was somo minutes fast, On motion, Ald. Woodmanwas eleoted Chair- men. . "Fho report of tho Committes on Polico, recom= ‘monding tho confirmation of Messrs, Carlielo ‘Mason and LeviP. Wright, was thon taken up. * Ald. MoGonnies moved that the report e con- curred in, and tho nominations confirmed. ald, Warren eoxplained his voto. Ho hnd boan misinformed o8 to the char- mctoe of Alr. Lovi ' . Wright, but hind mubsequontly found out that tho gentloman nemed was not the Willlam Wright nominated by the Mayor. For that roason he voted in tho afirmative. Thoevoto was then taken, resulting as follows: Yeas-Richardson, Dixon, Warren, McGouules, Goeyy Sidwell, Stone, PleKering, Tracoy, McClowry, Olowry, Bailey, Powall, Olark, Siveet, Kthoo, Heath, Mincr, Moore, Cloveland, Quirk, Ogden, Woodman—d3, Nays—Schmilz, O'Brien, Eckhardt, Stout, Mahbr, ZLongacher, Scbsilner, Canlion, Corcoran—0, Ald. Powell presonted a rosolution declaring tho city ofices olosod for to-day, which was agrood to. Ald. Bailoy moved to ndjourn, and the mooting adjourned. It was noticenblo that Ald, Schaftner adhorad to tho plodge he had mado not to mako a Bpeech, and business was, thorefore, dispozad of in ten minates, s THE STATE STREET ROBRERY. Tom Whits Sent to Jail to Await. Trial in Dofault of §3,000 Ball. Tho preliminary trial of Tom Whito, woll Imown in Chicago a8 ono of tho shrowdest and most intolligent thieves in tho oity, (charged with the robbery st Leavonworth's drug storo, on Btate etrect, on tho night of the I12th inst, took place, ~yestordsy, ‘bofora Justioos Daggott and Hinsdale. Oity At- torney Lowis, assisted by W. 3. Trude, op- pogred for the proscoution, and John Lyle King and Willinm Fellker dofendod tho prisonor. The firat witness callod on tho part of tho prosecu- tlon waa M, P, UpdegrsfY, the man who was rob- bed. Ho teatified that on the night of the 12th inst. tho drug stora’ was entored, and proporty {aken thorofrom amounting in valuo fo $75, nob including two drafts, each for $1,000. He recog- nized White as belug one of the men o saw in his room. Was positive {hat White was the man, - Mra, Updegraft testificd to substantially tho samo, faota, Oicer James Flennigan, who captured Whito, tostifiod_that tho latter asked him why ho was srrosted. Flannigan answered that lio could nob toll bim, Whito then wanted to know if it was for auy South Bido businoss, and said if it way luls w(t‘m‘a “dond du\uk." a8 he would bo recog- nized. ] ‘The prosccution hero rested their cago. On tEe part of tlio defence, William Schldicho, at whoso house. White and his family wero Doarding at tho tims the robbery was comunitted, tontifiod that on that night' White and bis wifo woro out until hnlf-past 10, when they roturned to their rooms ; that soon after they came into hie room, and thero drank beor with limsolf and Tito until 11 o'clock, by thon went into their soorm, Mra. Whito wont to bed, but Lo heard somo ono go out, who, io prosumad, was White. About orty mimuten'attor 1,-on Wodunosdsy morniug, 1o 2nd his wifo wero up with'a sick ‘child, snd {hey thon heard White and his wifo talling in thelr bed-room. - (Ilie robbory, it wlll bo ro- mombarad, was conmitted botwoon tho hours of Loif-nast 12 ab nlght, and balt-past 1 in tho morning). The nvlfinnco, therofore, loft Tom but forty-fivo minutes m{‘. erform tho robbory. ¢ Tho dofenoco oro rested, and tho cage wag aubmitted to the Justicea for deolslon, tho counsel on ‘both sidos waiving their right to attompt oratory. ‘Aftor o fow wmomonts’ deliboration, Justioe Finsdalo announcod that, whilo tho ovidenco might not bo.strong enough to econviot tho prisoner of the churge mado againskb hiu, that 1t waa yot sufilclent to warrant them in "pinding him over to the Criminal Court. Tho ball waa . fixed at $8,000, in dofault of which White was takon to jail. " Iio appoarod greatly sffosted by tho deoision, aud cal faboratory, arvard has ono of the largeat chowica) Inboratorics in the country, and offera fautruction fu Chomistry boaring to tho amount Tvnn at Yolo Lhe rolation of thirteon £o ono, In Pigsics, Yol offars ono-fourth as much {nstruc- tion pe HMarvard, aind has no physical lebogalary, A thraa montlu’ gourse of Jectures In sll iLo instruction Yalo gives iy Jotany; Unryard offers #ix {imos g much instruallun, and opens {o uiudonts o botunio gardon an herbarium _uudor tha direction of Profossor Asn dray, and the rowquiund Lieudquyrterd of botany in this conntry, 1n othor branches of natural Listory Yalo has, rll told, three months' toaoking n goology, Huryard olfers pix timea ns muoh iualnwuou in Goology, malkgs uge of Profossor rotostod ~ his innooenco with inuch - spirit. White's wifo nnd litte boy shed tors, aud boforo Jio was romoved from tlio ofioo. Whito himself was orying 88 bittorly as thoy, It in thought that some ono will bail him ont to-dsy. s st Onlifoxnin Gupday Train. The Goverumont oycrland il tratn will Jeave Ohte cago Hunday, Feb, 38, 8¢ 10 8, m,, vie Ohlcago, Rocki Tsland & Pacifio Rallway, etopping at all roqular sta- tlons on main line, and conuwolfng ot Omahs with Unlon Pacilo oxpross trafn for Deuver, Buu Tranclsco, sud ull intormediste poinfu, ‘ickets' vig Oy B, & Qv or Obicago & Northwestern Razonds will bp iaken on this traln, . and tha othor in_Comparativo Zo- WASHINGTON, P iy Reaflroad Lend-Grants | and Pre-emption or Home- stend Claims, Tho Actlon of the Interior De« partment. Delano’s Congplracy Against Sot- tlers on tho Public Lands. The General Land Office. Circular of June 232, 1872. My 1ast lottor rolnted to the question whothor lands of tho grantod sections “within raiirond Yimits, to which homostead nnd pre-cmption clalma had attacked at the timo tha lino of rond was dofinitely fixed, roverted to tho Govern- mont upon belng subsoquontly abandoned by tho sottler, or inured to the Railrond Compnny. It waa thero stated that tho lands of this clase compriséd moro than . 4 A MILLION OT ACRES, swhich, by reason of the unlawful action of the Intorlor Dopartmont in gustaining tho fraudu- lont olaim of tho railronds, was, through porse- outlon of tho settlers, suscoptiblo of incrensa to many milllons of acros j that, although tho law’ oxprosely doclares such lands oxompt from tho grants, tho praotico had oarly obtained in tho opnrfmcnb of pllowluy wliv TEIKURAY Ly o= 1ot suclt abandoned tracts ; and that, as nlegitl- ‘mato result of such practico, the Companioshad- rosorted to all availablo means of compolling the nettlora . 3 TO ADANDON THEIN TONES, 8o that thelr lands might e included within the rallrond grants; that tho present Secretary of tho Interior, having, at an onrly day of his ndminis- tration of thnt Dopartment, adopted a contrary, and manifostly just, inferprotation of tho lavw, advorso to the claim of tho railrosds, hnd subso- quontly yiclded to their influonce, aud issuod, through tho Commissloner, instructions to the local Land Oficors, dirccting o policy in fayor of tho railronds, and inimical to the welfare of tho sottlors; that suoh. ingtructions wero s tomptation to the railronds to porpotuste fraud, by holding out to them thoe promizo of reward for succoss- fully contesting tho clalng of sottlers; and that thoy wero wholly ropugnant to his doclsion, as thoy virtually restored, in part, tho porniclous practico of tho Dopartment agalust whick that decision was divected,—n practico *which had both robbed the Government of immenso quan- titios of land, and outraged tho rights of a largo class of citizons, reduciug mauy of thom to dis- cad, But further steps wore noeded to placo tho sottlera COMPLETELY AT THE MERCE of the railroads. New wenpons are invented, and placed in tho Lands of | these unscrupulous corporations, Another eircular is ' prepared, moro oanguinary than tho fivst, which, it is ex~ pocted, will swoop tho people from " thelr Iands ith the forco ot & tornado. MTho graut in aid of tho Pncific Railrond and Dranches, in ald of the Atlantic & Pacific, tho Northern Pacific, and many other roads, each excopts from its operation lands to which pre- omption or homeatead claims ntrached at tho timo of dofinitoly fixing tlio lino of rond. - ‘Tho Commigsionor, as \was shown in my preced- ing lotter, INTERPOLATES THE WORD * vALID," and holds that lsuds covered Ly defective homes stend or pro-omption claims’ ore not reserved from the grant; that any defectin the personel ualifications of ' tho gottler, or any irrogularity in tho initiation of the claim, may dofeat tho right of tho sottlor, and leavo tho land subject to tho operation of tua grant. 1n fact, hio holds every such inequslity on_tho pert 6f o sottler as amounting {0 a fraud in Inw, no maetter thongh it may bavo resulted from mero ignorance on tho part of tho sottlor and_tho local ofticora of tho Government. Honco ho construos a clalm tomenn o valid or legel olaim ; and, although Congress has usod noither the word yalid nor logal, the Commissioner interpolates thom into. adopts thia: tho statute by construction. He mothod of interpretation, however, only wheroe it operatos = IN FAVOR OF THE NATLROAD GOMPANY. At other times, and when tho interests’ of Railroad Cumgnmus require o differont rulo of construotion, he stoutly deniea tho right of in- troducing language into grants boyond what Congress has scen proper to use, Wo lave o samplo of such inconslstant practice in tho cir- cular of Juue 22, herowith given. It oxhibits tlio_absurdity of two wholly.difforont and op- gnnitn mothods of construction adoptod by coratary Delano, each in favor of tho railroads, and each wholly repugnant to the other s TILE OINCULAR, DEPANTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, GENEAL LaND OFFIOK, WignGToy, D, 0., Juno 22, 1673, GexTrEaEN: Under the provisions ofthoacls of Congress granting lando in ald of the construction of rallroads, wherein there are exempted from such ‘grants 110 lands to whicls 8 valld right of pre-smption or homestead {4 attached nt tho timo when {he grant ‘may bave becomo effectivo, the Honorablo Secretary of tho Interior hon ruled {hat the Jonds to which such pre-omption or homestead claim or right haa attached, and such claim has subsequently been’ abandoned, do Bt fuuro to the Tallroud grant, but revert to tho United ates, . . Apre-emplon or homestesd claim ofrecord fs, of courso, priua fice oyidenco of s vald xiglt, yet it may oceur that such claim had & fraudulent inception, Whiere such is tho caae, the claim ig, of courae, void ab {nitfo, and does notdtefodt th right of tho rallroad, Iu view of thess rulings, tho following s communi- cated for your information nnd government, to thé cend that tlie rights of nll parties mny ba protected, and the spiit of tho grants fully complied wich " Firat~In relation to pre-omption claima: The Pre- ‘omption Iaws requira thnt o person must Lo over tho ago of 21 sun or tho hoad of a family; s citizen of 1o Dnited Btatcs, or o poraon who has fled a deolsrns .{{on to becams auch, etc,; and olso that a party moy file s sr@-umpllun claim for such land .as he may baye mettied upon, thus jmposing conditions 88 proroguisito o tho imitfation of » ciam. Second—-In rolation to homestead claime: Tho law requires that a porson must bo over 21 year of nzo or the head of o family; o citizen of tho United Btates, or one wiio has doclared Lia intontion to bocomo suoh, ole;s ond under {ho first and third soctious of tho umondatory act of March 21, 1864, tho peroond claim- ing tho boriofit of said sectichs must make actilement on tho tracts before fhoy can oblafn the benetit of milld soctions, Thorefore, a4 {ho fraudulent claracter “of & pre-emption or homestead claim in its inception may bo brouglt in queation, 1t 10 right thal tho parties in tterost shiould buve an_opportunity, lu all cases, to ‘bohesrd, _ With this view you aro roquirod— “Fhird—Thioro apylication 18 mado by u Rafirond Company to seloct tracts which wera covered by oxlat~ ingyro-guuption ot bomestend elaims ot o dale of tho Tgut of tho rond ottaching, but subsoquently relin- “qtishod or abandoned, to allow {lie Gompauy to filo Such proot as (liey may in support of tholr right o tho Tand, or to Lisyo hearings for {10 purposu ; ond, should o évidenco bo satatactoryy sou vl periatt o acloc- tions, Buch tracts suould 'bo reported in sopuruto “lists from tho lauda freo from any conflctiug claim, and sliouid be foywarded with the testimony 10 cacli caso, iurth—When any person pplles to enter & tract of such lands, claiming the right soto do by reason of such prior abandaned claim, you will ordern hearing, nolifying the Railrozd Company, 88 ol g the pre- Craption: omestead -cMimant, 85 {hat thoy yusy pro- duco nnel: evidenco {n support of thele.right 83 thoy gy hiavo to furuish, ; ot inquiey must by dirscted to tho personal qual- Soajlons oF o origial clatmaut, and hiw complinnco With dnoluw prior to fling or onry; end I deairo i onjoin upon you the neceesity of ¢xcludiug sll testi- 1nohy not watoriz) in ehowing the Sucts upon the suls oot of Inuizy, -You will, bowever, bs careful that all eis tacts wro Dronght out, and, If necesgury to (hia ‘ond, you will, yourselvos, exiniino and quesilon tho Sitnciacs. . You whl, in oll cares, givo the partics tn fue terost personal notice of the time and placo of Learing, hero. jelr whereabouts are known, or thoy ean bo oetied by surh notice, In other cnecs, you will cauco B8 baticy of contest €0 bo published, nf lesst oncoa ol for four weoks, s (1o owsysyar isving tho Irg, cat clrculation in tho viciity of the land, The record of the hearing should by yirefuced by the evidenco of Soliey {0 Al partien in luterest, oa requived in other ‘conteated cases, ' 0 Dastles fnitiating o coutest must make provision for Qefraying the expeuscs theroofs but, when tho coso o ore you for ttlal, you cah appbrtion (ko costs according Lo tho equitice of cach cuse, somo of theearller rilrond grunts, lands cayerod by Tomeatead olaima which mny b sulsequcntly can= "noreforo, In uch cascs (Lo traots rovort to tho gront, and you 'whil reconizo o spplications for lunds Ly otherparties, but will pay due regard to tho Highls of tho grautees, At tho cloas of thu hearlug, pleise ro- portall tho fupora to this ofee, Wit your "joint opine o thereon, You will in no ¢aro ullow w pro-cruption flfug or homautead outry on this cia of lunds without instzuctions from (bis odice, Vory respoct ullyy Wirz1s Dutanioxn, Commissionor, To Registors ond Recedvora vf Distrlct Luud Oticos, In tho first paragrupltho Comnusalonerspoeks of the grants ta wailvauds sa _oxorapting “lands to which a valid right of pro-omblion or home- ntoad Tind attached at tho time when tho grant hins becomo effectivo.” The law docs not con- {ihuo tho word * valld " lt“ that connoction. Bo {hat thio Comminntonor fntorpolates it into the statulo in ordor to frama an ntorpretation ©_¥AVORADLE TO THE BAILUOADI. vax 1ook nt tho lant paragraph: 1o there anys e Your patticular attontion i enlled totho fact that, in pome of the envlier ratlvonds grants, fandn covered by homestead clnims which may Do subsoquontly eancetlod ara not oxcoptod frntit {ho vporation of the grant Hero, whero tho intorggtn of tho Govornment and tho sottlor nco dopondont, 1B DEFOSES TO INBENT tho word ! homoatoad."” Dut thors aro othor rensons why hie should in terposo tho word “homestond” into [Inm(fl whoro it had been omitted. Tho early railrond grants, mado boforo the Homontcad law wad pasacd, reserved from their oporation lauds coy- ered by pro-omption olnims, but, of courap, woro ilont about lnudo covered by homestoad claims; for tho -ronnon that thore wore no sush claims, a8 the homostoad Inw had not then puseed, But tho rafirond fmnla prssed sinco the data of tho Ifomestond nck resorvo lands subjoot to homestond ‘claima in like mnnner with {hose mubject to pre-omption clalma, Mnny of the rondn under tho grants passed prior to tho Hometsond Jaw have beon located sinco the passago of that Iaw; and, uon!uguaully, ab tho timo tiio linon woro dofinitoly fixed, HOMESTEAD CLAINS WERE PENDING to numorous iracta within tho lmits of iho grants, Tho Commissionor hag instructed tho oeal officors {n Minnesots, and porhaps olse- whero, that such lands aro not oxcepted from tho_grants, - becaugo no resorvation is mado of Innds covored } by homontead claims, Truo, ho has so far lim{tod his inab?muonn on this point to abandoned homoatond oaims ; but the ground ‘upon which ho basos his coustriction—that no .mso:uvnliox!x is :nn%o fit h?]u}?smnfl nl‘:lnhhns—\\'mfld ;oqually give to Railroad Companics homosicad Iands ‘not abandoned. e Ench of ihaso grants oxcopts from ita opera- tion_lands coverod by pré-emption claims, and it would *be dolngno violonco to languago o homostond nwa 1Al ol for tho puipons of AdminialoHig Wio grant, be-: ©eatmo overy homestond sottlor hus & right to urchase his land of the Govornment at the min- ihis vight in proforonce t0 nil othor porsons, = At pre-omption right fa the privilege of becoming a proforred pnrohasor of a Wmited quantity of ‘Govoramont Iand at tho minimum pr?nfi at \v‘ich oratlon of resistanco and oultivation. Thalome- sload sottler Lins the priviloge as well 48 the pre- emption settlor, aud, in evory substantial nense, l]x]m;t nl.‘ yro-umnha’l; nat'hwalll‘ nn& unlaonéonmnd right. ut hero, as it aids tho (J lompany, the Commissioner .! : el b5 : ADHERES DERTINACIOUSLY to tho technical lottor of the grant, and inslsta gh:ot l}m lnu; uo‘ dpnwor -t& luto fihm words into it, nor.to widen or oularge tho sonse of. thoso ko finds thore. 8 ke Thera are other pointa of the circular of Juno 92 that desorve moution, Dy patagraph marked . ““Third," tho Railrosd Compauy oro allowod to I\Eply for'abandoned land within .the limits of tholr grant which waa anb{nu to homostend or. pro-omption olaims at tho timo tho.lino of the rood bocamo dofinitely flixod. But they must rove. that tho original entry was frsudulont in ts incoption, which, undor the Commissionor'a, rullng, would rendor it void ab inilio, ns not be- fug o claim within the meaning of (he atatuto. .;{huyx uro enalmml to mot proolls, u; ll:u lluw:.u earings for the purpose of proviug tholr right ; and, i tho ovidonco e Ky < BATISFIES THE LOOAL OFTICERS, tho Company may take tho land. It mattors not what- the facta may be, it will bo no dififcult affalr -to make tho ovidonce sstiefactory | to tho local offiaors, for, na o-rule, thoy sre tho crontures of the Railroad Companies, It is upon ex parte ovidenco that the lccal oflicors aro dircot~ ad to allow the clalm of tho railrond, The sot~ tlor who nbandoned the land has romoved toa distant locality, or, if in the immeadiate neigh-, ‘borhood, hny no intorest in the quostion to con~ tond for, and - gonsoquontly docs not aplpe 3 No one appoaring to coutost, tho claim of tho rnilrond, the local officers mny play {uto” thoir houds without fear, and tho cage is docidod with- out ovon tho formof o heaving,—the Govorn- mant being stripped of thé character ot defoud- ant virtually, if not in name,—a charactor that ‘belongs to it in all such casos. But what avo tho fustritctions * WHERE AN INDIVIDUAL applies to cutor lands of this character undor iho law s intorprotod Ly A, Dalane 7. As saon in }nugmp “Fourth,” the local oflicers are ro- quired, * When any person gpplics to enter s bract of such Inads, clalmaiug tho 1 At o to do Ly reason of such prior abaudoned claim,” to ’order & hoaring, notifying the Railroad Com- pany, as wall as tho pro-emption or homestead claimant.! The pernicious ruling that o elaim which bad ‘& fraudulent meeffion is void ab initio, givon to the Company all landa covered by such:_claims, upon their filing sntisfaotory mnf_{ but why thoy shonld be thus invited, by rormal notice of tho Commissioner, into & con- tost bottreon thoGovornment rnd tho sottler for land, - agaipst. the. prior nnirfl of which nol the. slightost charge hind Deon filed,— made {\nrb(au 1o intorest, with the ‘privilego of being hoeard, in o claes of casos in Which thoir | righta are in nowise involved,—is a question thnt cannot bo truly answerod to the credit of Dolano., The offact of this paragraph will be, that . : NOT AN AORE of the jand opened m'pro-em}i.uon and 'home- ntoad entry by tho ruliug of tho Booretary can bo obtained by the sottlor. ~Ho will invariably bo defented by tho railrond, It was, well known to tho Seorotary, whon ho approved tho circular, that this was its covert alm. ~Ho knew that, by’ giving the railroad a footing in Court as defond- nnt, ho wonld throw tho weight of a poworful corporation, that would overcome! with resistless force the woslk offorts of the settlers, no mattor how woll founded - in justlco -and lnw thoir clnims might be. Esporionco bus taught theso oppressed paofllo ‘mnuy severe lessons against moddling with lands which “thofr “lordly oighbors want, oven wharo the former hnvo ail tho right sud fho Inttor none. It haa tavght them that n notico of, contest with = Railrond Company_ bofore the local Land Officors is tho suro horald of Your pirticulr atiention Iy called to tho fact that, in’ cellud nro ot oxcepted from tho operation of the grant,| VIOTORY FOR THAT COMPANY, in contompt of the merits of tho caso; and that it ig in vain they Epan! from the decision of tha local ofifcors and the Commissioner to the Seere- tary of the Interior, . i ut thae ciroular throwa other obstacled in the way.of the sottler upon his application for lond 4f thia closs, - Under the fourth requiroment, tho local officers are to publish - notios of the contost. And further nlong o tind thet * Par ties initiating a contost must mako pravicion for dofraying tho axponsea thoroof.” ‘Caat this pub- lication of notico i 18 USELESS, 3 and manifestly intonded to work an ndditional hardship upon tho sottler, will becomo apparont upon again considering respectively the mattor of un application by the Kailrond Company, s provided in paragraph ** Third,” and tha sppli- catlon of a sottler, in the Buccooding paragraph, ‘Whero the application Is mado by tho railroad, wpon allogation of fraud in tho original entry, thore is, of coursd, no contost, for thero 18 no ndvorse interost, and, as uhownl 110 ONQ BPPOATH {0 opposc tho Company. But, ¢ when any por- sonapplion to aulor, -\ . o o you will “order n hoaring, notifying the Railroad Company.” Tlovo, then, is tho conteat, notico of which nxusb Do published. And who initiatos 67 Nat tho tailraad; but tha sottier, and be must pay. But WIHERE 18 THE NEOLSSITY for publigation 7 Are the wherdabouts of tho railrond unknown? Thoy have an Afinut_ in each county. Daogs the sottlor mnke application, aud strolghtway Lide himself? Iis postoflico ad- drass may bo secured at the timo of his ? lion~ tion. 'Tlia {a bu one of the means by wh the oxponso of a trinlat the 1oenl ofilco may be mado o onorous npon tho sottler as to bresk him down and dofoat him, . 1t in to bo noticed, In furthor condempation of the Department, that tho cironlar, nlthough- it authorizes tha loeal officos to allow an ontry by tho railrond whon thoy aro eatisfied by the ovi- denco presonted, yot, in tho case of an applica- tion by o sottler, Toquiros that, at tho olose of thio hoariug, thioy * roport all thio papors TO TIIS OPFICK, with their joint opinion thoreon," no matter how woll satisfled thoy mnloho of tho right of tho geltlor to entor, 'he delny that would bo occa- sioned by tho action of the Gonoral Land Ofileg ‘ia saved to the Rallyoad Company, and their voed ig thoraby tho sooner satistied. Bub lob Fhe sottlor wait until the poudorous and tardy naohinery of the Dopartnient ling rovolved ovar aud ovor agein upon his claim, _Dorohauco ho .nay grow disgusted and quit tho land, - . Partienlar nttentlon bolug ealled to tho fact that somo of tho raflrond-grants mado hofor fho omestead aw was paused do nob neme lsude covered by homostead claims oy roserved, the Cowmissionor liolds that such lands, upon aban- donment, : ' REVENT 7O THE ONANT," Now, it In plaiu onough that tio Rallroad Com- panies can rightfally abiain no Jand thot wan not, at the dato of locating the line of Its roud, fres from nll ndvorse claim, ‘his inthe doctring ot 3r. Delnno’s deciuion in tho Boyd easo, aud tho Rmlvond Compnnies virtually admitted its truth by sroliing iast wintov to obtain leglalation \v\‘:ornbg' thoy Enight got &aussaulnn af euch nbundonod iracts, - To ay, therofore, that lauds f h emption flinga'or 1o Dolnno, in L is tokeep tho lands until they oan, by fo treat | inum price of ©1.25 per. ncro, and lio posscsnos” the Government gells ita” land, upon the consid- . sinco tho fio hins boon 14, of student io 37, modato 80 pationtg, sud all tho studuonts who may desiro to nva thomuolves of 80 oxcollont %‘u opportunity for procuriug n modical educa- ' tion. instruction of students, iho coutso las beon divided into Junior’and Senior Coursica, Tho Junior Gourao ombraces the following branghios, viz,: Chemistry, Maorin Medico and i aud Dissgctions. Lracos Pathology, Practico of Madicluo, Surgory, Ob- : Diseason of Women and Ohitdron, and ' Clinical instruotions, Tho hospital ia undor the " espocia! chory is tho atton stotrice, ' Bogue, ] Indies connoctod with-ti | capaaity. | rocompenso o conaciousuoss of having done o gonerous lood. collogs streota Wi respecta. tho calloge ill bo served in the aftornoon and at short, pertinent #posches will' tingulshed clergymen of Tioped that tha the Institution nearly well, ‘pravaent ita aprea of such n miafortune. Continuing with tirely broken up In o day or two, about as usnal, he followin ing the proj the populat Jlo (¢ Engeted, des, Thal, 81 8¢ “rovort to tho grant” is an unquolified ab- wukdily. Tho loglslation sanght by tho Railrond Oome anios Inst wintor, to whicl 1 hava roforrad, waa 0 pnesago of tho following Benato Lill, No. 6332 A BILL In rolation o liomestend and pre-emption elaima, , in nll casos whoro pres mested antelos on Iand? aro aban~ doned, fraudulent, t:ditions, or otherwina inyalld, the o Kbl 1o tronfod a3 vold'ab faftfo, i Intorvontug advorso clais to sucl lands shnll_atlech 1o {ho sawma mstier ou 3f aald Sllugs or entrles bud novet been o550 2Tl 1t not shall bo tn forco from o pase” * Fraudulont, fictitious, or othorwive invalld” cdg’ 'Lhuso torms is to filings ahwayalet in intorvening ‘ad: it oo 6/x bl orvening ‘advorse rights, the word * abandon reliavo of n yery undesirable * rominonco that it would have if atnnding alone: ‘or any other purpose, their Insertion Is super. fluons and ridienlous. . ! W'hin bill wao dofentod, but tho offort WILL IE RENEWED 1t muat now bo scen that the action IEl ‘to procuro its onnctment. Its purpose ia tom- porarily servod by the oironlar op! J?\’nu 22, L “of Mr. iving to tho Rellrond Companies ormission to contest tho claims of settiors to o ‘nbandoned “tracts, 18 o stop in o round of sharp practice by which the Conpanies sgek to possees thomaolves of all the abandoned odd- numbored traots within tholr rospectivo grants,— lands to whivh, by the Scorotary's own declsion, they hinve no right undoer tho law. It oot that Tuskl 11 o Afm 1391 reo from detilomont,— ohock the oporation of tho Pro-om o o ‘Homostond laws I\Kunsuoh abandonod tracts,— oodwinking Congross, obtain _tho logal sanotion of thoh outrs rights of tho settlors. 108 Ten S0 AT, WORTHY OF SUPPORT. ical College. Making in Its Behalf, The Woman’s Hospital n,;nl Med« What It Fas Accomplished-~-Exeriions The Woman's Hospitsl and Medical Colloge las just mado its third anousl snnouncemont. Ithas grown from small boginnings, through much trial and tribulation, to bo one of tho mosk mportant bonovolont institutions of the oity. +The hospitel hasrocently recoived an ondowmont of 825,000, Tho Medieal Dopartment is intonded for tho exclusive education of women, for which, it will bo at onco seon, epecial ndvantages nrn, offored. Tho hospital was estallished in 1665 in o bullding at tho corner of Rush and Indiana streots. Thonco it was moved to Oblo dtraet, and afforwards to No, 402 North Slato stréo, whero tho great firo dostroyed tho building and oll its contonts. Tho patients swere takon awny in vohicles by Miss Thompson; tho physloan in charge, who, on ibo succoeding day, .roopencd ~ tho institution at No, 693 Woat Adsms strcet. The pationts woro |nfterwards romoved to the barracks, on Harri- son streot, ond in Juno to a.place ou Curtin avenue, whoro tho lospital is at present lo- cated. Tho Mnuogers lave rocently purchased o Louso and lot on tho northwoest conor of Pau- lion and Adums strects. square, The houso, as purchased, was two atorles in hoight, but hng boon raised, and a kmxbstlnhnl stono basoment put under it, making it in effect throo storios, Tho premisos cos ©26,000," or tho amiount of the donstion, A ,considorablo.pum was afterwards oxpouded 1a -making tho improveronts apecified, nnd in orect- ing the hoapital- building, which is o neat struc- ‘turo standing on ono cornor of the lot. The mouoy thus oxpended, togothor with o small ‘amount in urrenrfor curiont oxponsos of the past yoar, nakes an nggregatoof indebtodness of abuub 82,000, It is hoped that through the oxertions of kiud Iadies interestod in the honpital, liborality of bonovolont -poraons, this lnst on- cuwmbrance will be romoved, and tho institution formed without tho necessity of further appoals for ald to the public, The lot is 160 féot end tho Tho_averago numbor of. pationts cared for "'ho now butldings will for the *moro systomatic and thorotgh Anatomy, Physiology, herapoutics, I tho. followivg brauches, 0 of Dr. Mary H, Thompsol Thoy ara W. G. Dyus, . Blako, 3L D., Puaoli, M.D, 0.G. 1, Marquerat, . D., V. D, A, H. Fostor, M D 3. D.. and T. O, Holz, Thompson, givo thoir sorvicos that tho satisfaotion - that H. Dytord, M. D ir B, Tho Tho prosont numbor accom- ygieno, The Beutor Course em- viz,: n, who, g physician and Profossor in the medical dopartment: Tho consulting physicians ' ax0 amon tho mosk 1 utablo practitionorsin the olty, "ML D, 8. G. O, | Tishor, M. Boguo, | chamical ingtructors aro Dra. Byford, 'Fiteh, and Bridgo. AJl_gontiomon and o hospital in o sciontifio without _ other Smith, 3L D., followa 'Aftor noxt Tuosdey tho now hospital end o haye provided refroshmonts, y o full attendanco. ——e— #SMALL-POX IN EL PASO.” oat tho corner of Adems and Poulina Ll bo ready for sorvico in all its dopart- mionta, * A"physiclan thoreaftor will bo oo }yin\vllfing to attend thowick poor at thoir homes roa of charge. ‘The oyuniugon'.l‘uoadu{ andTues-. day a\'nnin;i‘ls designed to ba _ngreeal he benevolent ladies interestod in notant- in_=ll , which at night, and bedalivarad by dis- tho city. Itisto by 'gllblic will show tholr intorcat in Ev Paso, Til,, Feb, 20, 1673, . To the Editor of The Chicago T'ribunes _ The despatch in your issuo of yestorday, con- corning *Small-pox in £l Paso,” misstates tho foots.. Wo boys had two cnsos of variolald and qno of smali-pox,—all in one family. Ono pa- tient—o vory young child—died tio months ago 3 the second Lias rocovored; and tho lastono iy tpanio,” and not o family has left town In consequenco of tho disoaso. Thero is 0o 8. T\ R e el Jayne's Expectorant. Propor nmmtarfi monsures have been taken to . and no feurs aro ontortained aEns. In TFobruary Iast a son of mino, aged 17 years, wns In . fiftcen which atforded Knowlng how G, Nio: aaxl County, ettt jaome A Curlous O tablo has boen published, orfi»u of cows, shoop, and Countriea, Coues, Shesp, lto .0 o (=44 o 8¢ B4 BeDrCoRar, a @™ 2 i G Now Lifo to tho Hair, Bumnett's Gooonlno ulvas o Lifo totue listr, the Expectorant attackod with pleurisy, 1is breathing was laborlous, & racking, pasnfol cough doveloped isolf, and ho cori- plained of severo paln oxtending from tho arm-plt to 1h waist on tho ¥ight sldo, - As tha readleat romedy within react, T immodiately sdminlstered neorly treo tablespoonofisl of Dr, Juyno's Expectorait, and appliod Joyne's Linjment all over tho parts affoctod, covar- ing bim up warmly In bed, ho’ vomitod, ond was aftorwsrdu casy for two hours, Tho paln fn the slde roturdtng, I gave bin o smallor doso of again usod tho Dinimént, stant roliet, Ou tho morhing of Ll Gidedly bottor, ralsing cousidorabla phlem with bidod, the Xxpeetorant tho disonse was cn= and o was ablo to g0 provalent und - how often fatal thous attacka of yluurley aud siinilar lunit complaiuts ar duriug the wintor in thia soction of tha Conittry, 1 gladly mako hnown thieso facts, sad &t tha amo il cxpross my entiro confidonce In the virtuo ©of Vo romediza moutioued.~E, O. Justlco of thu Poace, Ellin minutes and blm e 0 14ih Lo wos do- Edqy , Bhows pigs ta on in the United Statosand the prominont Europoan countries: Pigs. 1t010.3 1to 6 1 1to 4! e 58688588