Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 16, 1873, Page 6

B _TIE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, FEBRUARY i6, 1873 TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TERMS OP SUBECRIPTION (PAYABLE IX ADVANCE). Daily, brmall....$12.00| Sundas Tri-Weo .00 | Weokly' Parts of = year at the same rate. To prevent delay and mistakos, bo sure and give Post Office address in fall, including State and County.. Remittances msy b made either by draft, express, Post . Ofice order, or in registered letters, at onrrisk. TERS 70 CITY ECBRCRIDERS. Dafly, celivered, Sunday excepted. 25 cents per week. Blpalie By nor ek fddress THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Medison znd Dearbora-sis., Chizago, 11 The Chivags Tiibune. Bundsy Morning, February 16, 1873. THE VOTE IN THE COUNCIL TO-MORROW . - NIGET. Tho Common Council coueists of forty mem- bors, who sre supposed to represcnt the wishes and sentiments of the people of Chicago, end .whose duty is, by. their official zction, to govern the city wisely and carefully. An important part of the government of & large city is its police force. - Upon the fidelity snd efficiency of that force the public must rely for the preservation of the public peace, and the protection of lifo and property. To maintain an efficient police, Athere must be responsible authority on the one ‘hand, and subordination on the other, As well ~undertake to conduct the operations of an srmy 4n’ the field without officers and without eubordination, 0s ‘fo conduct the police business of & great city wituont soy responsible head, snd when each man is & law unto himself. The Mayor of Chicago is by law placed in supreme control of the Police Depart- ment of Chicago, end, to enable him to exercise that control, he is empowered, by law, to Te- mova any person, whenever, in his judgment, the efficiency of tbe polico forco demands it. The Superintendent of Chicago, lswfully ap- pointed by the Mayor, acting under the advice £nd direction of tho Mayor, undertock to Te- organizo the patrol police force of tho city. Againt this ihere was a general remonstrance by the:men on the police force, Who owe their appointments to local influences, and who, while wearing the uniform end drawing the psy of policemen, nnderstand that, in- fact, they are holding political offices, and that their duty is o manage ward politics, and not perform polica duty. Theso men appealed from the Superin-- tendent end the Mayor to the Police Com- missioners, Who sre not, end never have been, anything else than & Board to distributo political patronsge among the ward loafers. This Board, indignant that any person showd undertake to oform tho police, and thereby necessarily expel from it one-third of {he members who are mere ‘peneioners upon the public, forbude the execation of the Buperintendent's ordors, and then under- took to diemiss tho Superintendent. The issue was forced upon the Mayor whether he would ;sbendon the City Government to the keepers of thegambling-iouses ind their friends on the policé and in the Board,or whether ho should en- “forcothe law, have an officient police,and estab- lish official responsibllity. Asthe logal hesd of tho police force, thero was no alternative. He .could not betray the public, and finding that to enforco wsuthority he must remove the “Police Commissioners who were ob- jetructing the execation of the law _and #instigating revolt and insubordination on the mpolice force, he removed them, and hasnomi- nated two citizens to tuke the places of Klokke and Reno. These nu:nmhons require the approval of the Common Council. To-morrow night, the Sorty Aldermen, cach for himself, will have to choose between tho Isw and revolt against guthority. He will have fo say whother the Mayor and the Kuperintendent ehall dircet the “police forco of the city, or whether the old Polica Board, and Mike McDonald, the gambler, shall _govern the city. That is the plain and direct .question ot issue. Thero isno conflict of law. “The two men whom the Mayor has removed ifrom ofice were appointed by. him. The pretence that there is any question of Jaw involved is a woak inventicn. Each Alderman knows that fact, and esch Alderman ikmows that to-morrow night his vote against {hese nominations will be given in order to per- spotuato Klokke snd Reno in office, that through them may be retained scores of drunken, worth- Jess crestures now ou the force, and throngh them to givo indemnity and protection to the gumblers, and to & largo class of other open . end avowed law-breakers. Ths action of the Council on thess nomint- tions will bo watchod with ansiety by the pub- lic. How many of these Aldermen have enough aespect forlaw, authority, and the public pesce aod order, to vote against the clients of the Polico Commissioners? How many of theso Aldormen ropresont tho pub- Jdic,. and bow many reccognize 1o constituencics gave those interested in o worthless police force, and a flexible Board of Polico Commissioners? The answer to tho roll- «call to-morrow night will show precisely in which list these Aldormen chooso to enroll their names. Tho revolt of the Police Commissioners and he consequent demoralization of the police force has hed its effects. The burglars and thieves of “ the United States havo had their at- | tention drawn to tho unprotected condition of Chicago. The fact that tho doublo police forco put on patrol from 10 to 4 o'clock, each night, s been withdrawn, and tho city lett, during the burglar’s hours of professional occupa- ion, without proper protection, has been discovered. , Burglaries are once moro 2 safo and paying business in Chicago. During the dangerous hours of the night s few polico- men are scatiered through the streets, bot o proper guerd does mot go on duty until after tho burglars and the incendiaries have got . through. To-morrow night, *the forty Aldermen will snest, and each for himself will eay whether he wants an honest, well-disciplined, and efficient police, or whothor he wants the old Board to ran the government 1 the intercst of the gamblers, thieves, burglars, and habitual law-breakers. CLOSE OF THE QOPERA SEASON. The opera sesson is over. Lucca, Kellogg, &nd the zest have come and gone, and we may ressonably expect no more opers until next fall. 1t is 2 yet too early to indicate with certainty what the next season will develop, but there is a strong probability that there will be two troupos in thoe field, the one headed by Luces, aad the other by Nilsson. The prospects for tho retun of Adalina Patti grow darker and darker, and the London Orchestra ond Afhencrumn, which are asually good authorities, state positively that she will not come. It is cortain that she will re- osin in Europs s long 28 there is moro money to be made thero than here, for Maurico Btrakosch rever stops squeczing &n orange as jong us-there is any fuice left in if. Luccaisunder o two years' engegement, and, of course, will remain in this country; snd there is every prospect that Nilsson, Tlma di Mursks, and Pareps Rosa will also be here next season. Should Patti also come, the United States for the first iime will be the great ope- ratio centre of the world, leaving nothing in Europe worth mention except Tietjens, who is growing old and blase, and Mallinger, tho rival of Lucea in Berlin. Financially, the recent scason has been the ‘most remarkablo ever known in .this country, and all themore 80 88 it was given afa timo when money was very hard. The management of the troupe will take away sbont £42,000 as tho result of eleven performances, the details of which will be fourd in another column. The largest receipts wero for the per- formance of “Don Giovanni,” which yielded 6,300 ; the smallest, that of *Trovatore,” only £800, which, according to the averageof pricesof admission, would indieate an andience of only sbout 250 people, althongh the attondance wasin reality mugh larger. It is rather remarkable that the two most attractive operas were the two Mozart works, “Don Giovanni” and “The Marrisge of Figaro,” which ehows that Germany is in the ascendancy. Musically, it is only possible to spesk of the troupe in parts, for there is no wholeness to it. Lncea, Kellogg, Jamet, and Moriami are unques- tionably fine artists, but thero is little else in the troupe. Levielle has & worn, sherp voice, which detracts from the general effect of music. Bsnz is one of the poorest contraltos we have ever had hero, Viz- zani is to bo credited with conscientious effort to do his best, but that best is weak. Abrug- nedo, 28 & tenor robusto, is simply absurd. Coulon is an inferior artist. Spurapani has a good presence, but is afflicted with weaknoss, which is o bad fault in o baritone. Such a com- ‘Dbination as this of good with bad has, of course, prevented the completencss and excellence of " emsemble which are necessary to the proper un- derstanding and apprecistion of operatic music. Inthis case, however, the popular desire was evidently stronger to ses and hear Lucea than to see and hear opera, as will be shown by by the fact that large numbers of peo- plo sitended the opera who have ‘never been befors, and do not meke & practice of going. Luceais unquestionably the greatest dramatic singer who has been hero, and tho most consummate actress who hes yet appenred, in Chicago at least, upon the operatic stage. Judged purely a8 & vocalist, there have boon many singers hers who can successfally com- pete with her, and some who havo surpassed her,—among the latter, Nilsson, Parops, Colson, Patti (Adalina), Laborde, and Lagrange. If, however, we look for an equal union of thé dra- ‘matic and Iyric as the true conception®of oper- atic expression, then Tucca stands at the head 28 the legitimate exponent of opora.- Luces has atinge of the Wagner theorics, and seeks to ‘make music express the sentiment of the text. She is no eong-singer on the stage. Kellogg Thes acquitted herself sdmirably through the sea- con. She is mot yet @ great actress, but as what may be techmically called o light soprano, she is & great singer, aud her singing is a credit to -American vocalism. She is a shining example of what persistence, industry, and determination can sccomplish. She has ‘matured since her appearances here in the old Opera House deys, but she has yet a great deal to accomplish before she can becoms a finished dramatio artist. She is still only an nccom- plished vocalist. The genoral result of tho season is, that some operas bave been given with fine offect, like “Fgust” and “Don. Giovanni,” which have nover been produced here in better shape. On the other hand, h{'fl of the most familiar of alt the operas, “Il Trovaters” and * Fra Diav- olo,” have mever been dome worse. The remaining operas in the seadon's repertoire have been dome creditably. The composi- tion of the troupe, and an unfortunate conflict in the management, have produced this result. Concerning tho former, it i simply uso- less to grumble, as opers is atpresent consti- tated. When opera is subsidized by the Gov- ernment, a8 it is in Europe, and when galaties, and rents, and advertising, and other generalex- penees, can bo reduced to the European standard, then wo may oxpect to have opera pro~ duced es it should be, at ressonable prices. Opers is conduc'ed a8 a speculation. When it ‘becomes & parmanent institution, it may be pos- sible to roalize good performances, and not bo- fore that. With refercnce to tho managerial guarrel, which bas already found publicity, we have only to Bay that itis extremely unfortunate, It cannot but resct upon tho troupe and impair its usefulnoss. Thero are always two sides to overy question, and, when the other eido is heard (as Mr. Jarrett, the agent of Madsme Luc- ca, expresses hia detormination to roply after conference with parties in New York), it is pos- sible that the modus operand: of operatic man- agement will receive such a complete exposition that it will bring the season to an inglorious close. The unseemly quarrel can accomplish no usoful purpose before the public. The public cares nothing for the differences between im- presarios, and would have been better pleased had they scttled their grievances in private, and united their efforts to give the public as good refreshing to turn from the operatic squabbling to Theodore Thomas and his band, during the present weck, who nover squabble.with any one, and never dissppoint the public with a bad per- formance. THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RATLWAY. We find in the Montreal Gazette the full text of tho contract for the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Tho corporators end firat Bourd of Directors are Sir Hugh Allan Adams, George Archibald, Josoph Octave Besubien, Jean Baptiste Besudry, Egorton Ryerson Burpes, Frederle William Cumberland, Banford Fleming, Robert Newton Hall, Jobn Scbestian Helmcken, Androw Me- Dermot, Donald Mclunes, Walter Shanley, #nd Jobn Walker. So far as wo know them, no stronger or better men can be found in the Do- ‘minfon, and it really locks sa if our Canadian corsins mean business. In this they will have the best wishes of all fntelligenc men on this side of the line, for, whatever tends o the devel- opment and the wealth of Canads, will promote the intorests of the United States. It has scemed to us that the wisest policy for the statesmen and capitalists of the Dominion to pursue was to first open the St.Lawrence route, 8s well for their own interests as for ours; bat, if they ean command the means to construct both the canals and the railways, 80 much the better. A synop- &is of some of the more important provisions of the charter is as follows: The road, under tho act of the last sestion of an aualvsis of the nightly receipts, and also’ performances as possible. Meanwhile, it will bo, Parlizment which authorized the Government to grant the charter, ia to bo built “from somo point on or mear Lake Nipissing on the south shoro thereof, to gome point on the ehore of the Pacific Ocean.” The Company is also to build a branch line to Lake Superior, and 2lso one from Pembina to Fort Garry. This Iatter branch is to be completed Doc. 81, 1874, The first section of the road extends from the castern terminus, st Luke Nipissing, (o Red River ; the second from somo point on the east- ern section to Lake Superior; the contral, or third section, from Red River to 3 point in tho longitade of Fort Edmonton; tho fourth from Manifobs to the boundary line of the United States ; and the fifth from a point in the longitude of Fort Edmonton to the Pacifie Qcean. Tho whole is to bo completed in ten yoars from thelst of July,-1671, uniess more time is given by act of Parliamont. The capital stock of the Compauy is $10,000,- 000 ; 10 per cent of which must be paid in with- in one month from the signing of the contract, and this amount, on which 5 per cent is to be paid by the Government, is to be "held by it as security for the completion of the road. No transfer of stock can be mede in less than six years withont the consent of tho Governmont. Lande aro granted in slternate scctions for ten to twelve miles on each side of the road ; but if the lands are unfit for settlement the Company need not select beyond one mile from the road, taking the deficiency in more favorsble localities. A bonus in momey of $£30,000,000 is given to the Company, to be paid monthly as the road progresses. The Company muy connect with any roada in the United States. _Such are some of the general feztures of the charter. Profiting by our experienco in building Pacific Railways, it is to be hoped tho Canadi- ans will build their road honestly, and as cheap 18 possible for money. From certain outgivings that have have' come to us, wo strongly suspect that they will run their line direct to the footof Lake Superior, and crossing there will connect by a line on the south 'shore of that Iake with the Northern Pacific st Superior City or Duluth, and uso that road (tho N. P.) to tle Red River. This wonld scem to be sound busi- ness policy, and would 8o far lessen the immo- diste burden of tho construction of the Cansdian line, that it need not inter- fere with the more important work of enlarging the St Lawrenco ‘Cnnlla. 1t can scarcely be doubted that the statesmen of the Dominion will appreciate the importance of this great work,'and ot the earliest day possi- blo make it an accomplished fact. DUMAS ON COOKERY. 5 A very remavkable book hes just appeared in France, in tho late Alexandre Dumas’ “ Grand Dictionaire de Cuisine.” It is rather singuler, from any other point of view than thatof a genuino French gourmet, that the only posthu- mous work of & great and voluminous author shonld be a treatise on cookery. To the mind of o stoic philosopher, there would bo & grim and grotesque humor in the situstion. On the one side, a grave; o stomach that scarcely fur- nishes food for worms;' gastric juices dried up; teste noz oven a reminiscence, and the devil of indigestion having deserted & dead victim for mnew ones. On the other side, wo lave the last and most cherished relics of this dead greatness in & running account of such flecting gratifica- tions ns o succession of dinner-honrs could far- nish. Themorslist might find here & text for good orthodox treatment, in which the weakness of tho flesh would be pictured with vivid illus- trations, Butwe fear groatly that the warn- ings of the preacher and the homilice of the etoic would be lostupon society, which would tarn with & good deal of roliet from the worms and corruption beneath the sod to the sprightly en- ecdotes end savory dishes that the ‘* Grand Dic- tionarie do Caisine " undoubtely presents. We do not know that our age gencrally is more epicurenn than another. Wo suspect that, like corruption in politics, vice in society, and falla- cies in finance, every ago has its full sharo of do- votion to tho gastronomic art. But it is certain that tho pleasures of tho stomach are asserting themselves in this particular country of ours more than over before, The appreciation of good dinners has seneibly increased with tho in- creage of wealth. AL Blot has a hundrod readers and hearers for his eavory discourses abont the joss of good living where Mr. Dio Lewis has ono to sympathize with Lis system of living on two meals” ab seven cents a dsy,—ono of bard bread and the other of Jemon-water. The at- tractions of la cuisine are growing upon us s tho sggregation of city-lifo concentratos wealth and rivaly. Danquets are the public order of tho day; dinner-partics the pet enter- tainment in society life. A monthly magazine, called the Table, bas been established in New York, with Brillat-Savarin for its patron saint, and Barry Groy for its editor, which is to dis~ seminate periodically the great truths of gas- tronomy. Delmonicos, the Iloffman, and the Brovoort, in New York, and Victor's or John's in New Orleans, are steadier aitractions than Trinity Church in tho former city, and the old Fronch Cathedral in the latter. Fried pork and apples, buckwhest cakes and pumpkin pies, hot bread and gravy, corn-dodgers, and whitened butter, together with the other pe- caliarities of easly Americen cookery, aro giving way to the fascinating entremels end tho varie- gated desserts of the French cuisine. It was only s fow nights ago that & great charity ball and a French cooks’ ball occurred on the szme cvening in New York. The ruling comment of tho press was in favor of the lattor, and tho pub- lished bill of fare made many a mouth water and many a mind lose itself in wonder and admira- tion. The republication of . Dumas’ Dictionary in this country may therefore bo confidently ex- pected. The people who would be disposed to regret it will probably nover know what they had to regret, for they will not readit. Yet, from the descriptions of the volume that comes to us from abroad, we should gay that the Dictionarie de Cuisine was an infinitely amusing book gon- erally, as well as usefal from & gastronomic point of view. Itis edited by M. Veuillemot, a professionzl cook, and former crony of the clder Domas. A characteristic anecdote is told of the first scquaintance of theso two bonswicans. Dumss rodeup to Venillemot's inn and called for adishof cosch-wheels, and thelatter an- swered promply that he had nothing left in tho houso but tigers' cutlets and serpents’ tongues, which he offered to servo up in becoming style. Foraman to be a good cook and not a bad Wit was enough to gain access to Dumas’ heart, and 80 & St. Clond inn-keeper became practically the literary executor of the author of *The Count of Monte Christo” sud *“The Throa Guards- men.” The volume is historical in some respects, and traces gasironomy from the first fatal indulgence, when Eve até the apple, down tothe latest petils soupers in the Maison Doreo and Cafe Anglaia. Tho principal usefulness of the cook seems to consist of a variety of menus suifed to tho different seasons and different numbors of guests. The chief interost is in the collection of & mass of anecdotes of gstronomic import, evideatlytold in Dumas® best humor. His idea of tho first Napolcon is well ex- pressed when he says that, with all his victorics, o hind loft only ono new dish. Tallcyrand, on the other band, is the object of vemer- ation, and the success of his diplomacy is attribnted to the excellence and bril- lisncy of his dinners at the Foreign Offico. Louis XVIIL. was amah of discernmont, who sppointed & prefect in his palace Lecause ke knew the art of mixing champagne with straw- berries and cream, and who kept tho librarian of the Institnte in the highly msthetic and learned pursuit of tasting the royal dishes be- fore they wero served. The book # &aid to be filled with quaint reminisoences of thia sort, and jts appearance’ in America at this present time would evidently find & sympathetic re- sponse from the ambitions gourmets of the new school. In life, Dumas contributed a suc- cossion of surprises to the literary world. In his death he bas, porhaps, contributed o greater oldity than any other Frenchman of moder times. ° NEGLECTED OPPORTUNITIES AT VIENKA. Asfar usit has gone, tho United States has made arrangements for & very croditablo repre- sentation ‘of its diverso produgtsat the forth- coming Vienna Exposition. The manufacturers will oxhibit their mowing-machines, sowing- chines, steam-engines, and, in fact, an immenso variety of machings, embracing everything from o locomotiva to an spple-parer. The agricul- turists will show their fraits end cereals. The geologists will rovel in displays of ores and min- erals. Tho goographers havo mado & chotco col- loction of maps and photographs. Tho school- teachers havo been busily engaged in arranging their department 0 85 to impress_ the wholo world with the high standard of our educa- tional resources and systems, and, in order to do this, havo accumulated models of school-hounses, schookbooks by tho ton, school-furnituro, snd educationsl statistics by the mile. One genius is busy in collecting samples of all the newspapors in the United States, including both socular and religious dailies and weeklies, the monthly and quarterly ‘periodicals, and oven the catchpenny advertisink publications of quacks and dealers in nostrums. Another genius has conceived the idéaof ex- Libiting tho plans and ornamentations of - grave- sards, showing at a glanco the superior manner in which wo caro for our dead. Al theso repre- sentations are well cnough in their way, and will subsorve & Ttseful purpose in acquainting the Khedive-of Egypt, the Shah of Perais, the Bey of Tunis, the King of the Cannibal Ielands, and other distinguished visitors to Vien- ns, with the status and progress of tho mechanical arts, and with the msthetic, agri- cultural, scientific, snd edficationsl growth of. tho United States, and will also undoubtedly ‘mako those elow-paced Ortentals, 28 well a3 some of the Occidentals, open their eyes with aston- ishment, Tha collection of newspapers will gladden the henrts of tho chiffoniers of Vienna, and will bo 6f gervico to tho panicrs of Vienncse Iadics. Bat nearly all this information can bo obtained from books *and statistics which are al- wags scceasible to thosostrangely-constitutodin- dividuals who can resolve facta -ont of figures, and take an interest in tables, exhibits, and statoments, © What the poople of Vicons snd tho rest of tho world want to know moro particu- larly is our manner and mode of conducting tho Government withreference to the public needs, and wherein wo do thinga better than thoy by those cheap and labor-saving methods which re- sult from the skilfulness and ingonuity of the universal Yankeo nation. In such points an thess onr representation will be lamentably do- ficiont, and this is all the more to bo regretted 88 thero haa never been a time before, and may poverbs again, when the material has been more plenty or the occasion more oppurtune for showing those people something to their advantage. P 5 First, and foremost of all, our Government should havo mads its arrangements to exhibit to the effeto Governments of Europe the manner in which legislstion may be procured by great corporations. Ogkes Ames should have been deteiled as Special Commissioner of this department. With tho aid of fac simile etocks and bonds, a slate and pencil, snd the little red memorandum-book, Oskes Ames could have exhibited to foreign potentates and capitalists Low legislators can buy stock without paying for it, and draw dividends without holdingit, and dem onstrateto anicety justhow farthepowersof trusteeship can b stretched. This department could havo boen mado extremely interesting also, in & pictorial way, by well-ezecuted pic- tures of Colfsx, Brooks, Patterson, Binghem, Alley, and others who bavo bad experienco m this sort of logialation. Tho railroed progrets of tho United States has always created astonish- ment in Europe, and here wasanother opportunity which'we are astonished to find Las not been improved. While we bave mado ample prepara- tions to show our agricaltural and mechanical products, which tho railroads have to transport, and hava even shipped over to Vienna epecimens of locomotives, tenders, freight-cars, sleeping- cars, end models of depote, no one has thought of skowing Europe how wo build railrosds. This might bave been accomplished with so littlo troublo and expense, that we wonder it was not- done at the very outsct. A neat little working model of the Credit Mobilier,—simply a wheel within & wheel, tho ono wheal supplying the motive power, the other wheel con- veying the products (in this case, stock and cagh dividends) into a hopper for the benefit of the proprietors of the machine,—would have given forcigners o general ides of Union Pacific prestidigitation. Durant might have been ap- pointed Special Commissioner in this depart- ment, and explained the detailed working of the mechine, showing how donations of monoy and land may be obtained from the Governient; then how hostilo legislation may be guarded against; then how the Rin§ may obtain the contracts for building the rcad by having them remssigned to them by other contrac- tors; then how the Government can be made to -aseuma tho lisbilitics of the corporation and, like an indulgent parent, not ask for inter- est; and finally, after having assured all these things, how the Ring can pocket millions by drawing $50,000 permile, which only cost $25,000 tobuild, and the same smonnt for & great many miles slready built and paid for. Such informa- tion aa this would have teen valdable, and such an exhibit would have been regarded with more profound interost then any other object in the Exposition, or all combined. Our unique method of railroad construction would have shown the old fogy European railroad-builders tho supe- riority of American skill and cuterprise. It was all the more necessary that this should be done, as Fremont bas so shockingly bungled his little exbibition of tho Memphis & El Paso, mothod, in France, and has prejudiced the' forcigne:s against our system of railroad con- struction. Hoving been shown the methods of influenc- ing public legislation and constructing public works, the inference is obvious tha¢ there shonld have been gome Commissioners in at- tendanco who could bave explained to the'won- dering multitudes how it was poseiblo to secaro logislators capablo of being influonced, 8o ‘that tho public works might be constructed. These threo great methods are interdependent, sud so closely connected thnt one is useless without tho other. Liko Mrs. Glasse's haro, first the ight kind of a legislator must be caught. Then Le can be cooked and the meal can bo served. Threp Commissioners would have beon amply sufficient to have mado this clear. Durant with Harlan, Carney with Caldwell, and York with Pomeroy, for illustrations, could have satisfac- torily explained the paradox of tho expenditure of £60,000 to socuro a £5,000 position, snd the great domestio problem how - to make the two ends moet would bave been clear 08 the sunlight. Wo have no doubt the trio of Sendtors, if they had been. ap- plied toin time, would bave been glad to haro represented the Government in this capacity, ‘provided sufficient inducement had been offerod, not to montion the new and unimproved flelds for action they might havo found abroad. Many other neglected opportunities suggest themsolves by which we might havo satisficd the low-down foreigners how immeasurably saperior we ure to them in our form of government, our eystoms of legislation, and our methods of de- veloping tho resonrces of the country. As it is announced that ti time for receiving epplications {or representation in the Exposition has been extendod to the 20th inst., it may not yet be too Iato to subsgrve this’ important purpose, na Mesars. Poland, Wilson, and Morton will proba- Dbly b throngh with the roguisite material be- fore that timo. THE BTOVE-MAKERS VS MAKERS. The stove manufacturers heve jast closed at Pittsburgh thoir semi-annual Convention. They adopted as their ecalo of prices for the nest six ‘montha the following : That the minimum prices for common stoves bo not Jees than Tig cents ; medium clase, 8 cente first-class, 9 cents ; old patterns, 9 cents ; time not fo exceed four months’ eredit, with & per cent discount for cash paid in thirty days. Prior to this Convention, the stove manufac- turers of Troy and Albany hold » meating at the Iatter place on the Sth instent, and from their proceedings we learn some facts throwing light on the sction at Pittsburgh: One year ago, | when the prosent prices of stoves wero fixod, tho price of pig-iron was $35 per ton st Albany. Tho price at the same placo now is €50 per ton. Tho point was considered whother the whole of this advance was to be added to the prico paid by the consumers. The advance in tho prico of iron ia three-fourths of cent per pound, and the Albany men agreed to ask at Pittsburgh an ad- vance of one-half o cont por pound on stoves. This increaso in the cost of iron, it is stated, would extend, with incidental profits, to overy tooland implement of industry. It was further stated at Albany that $20 out of tho$50 demand- od per ton for pig-iron at Albany wasprofit ; and that, therefore, the advance in the price of iron was most oxorbitant. Tho Albany men further resolved to recommond that the Pittsburgh Con- vontion ask Congress to ropesl the tax of $7 per ton on imported pig-iron, and in eupport of this Alr. Redfield, who avowed himsolf ag o Protec- tionist, declared that, ** As the iron and stove in- torests havo now reached s point where they can sustain themselves, ho deemed it the best policy for the Government to consider the interests of tlie consumer and the manafacturer by throwing the iron trade open to the world."” If the stove and other manufacturers af Al bany cry out againgt tho robbery of 850 per ton for pig-iron, mado from the lean orod of Penn- sylvanis, and protest thot 66 per cent profit is exorbitant, what wowld they say if they were situated like our menufacturers in tho West, who hevo to pay in Chieago 360 per ton for pig mado from therich and” productive ores of Luke Superior and Missouri ? The causes for the rise in the prico of iron in Earope do not exist here, but our iron Las advanced in the same propor- tion. Thereforo, tho duty of &7 per ton on pig- iron being no longer needed for protection, i absoluto profit, or extortion, and should be re- pealed. THE IBON= M. THIERS AND TEE POPE. M. Thiers hos recently expressed his opinion upon tho situation at Rome, andit is eminently practicsl. Ho states frankly that ho is opposed personally to the occupstionof Rome bytheKing of Ttaly; that ho thinks the temporal power of tho Popo onght to have boen maintained, and that the policy of the King of Italy is all wrong; but, Lo asks, what can bo done about it? The temporal power of the Pope has been sot aside, and the head of the Church has been reduced to the charactor of an ecclesiastical Prince; tho King of Italy has included Rome within his dominions, and. is eole sovereign thero. These aro nccepted fects, which AL Thiers, as President of France, must recognize, and which he cannot change It is true, France might declars war against the King of Itely, but what France wants at this time is peace. It i3 nof, moreover, » more question between France, Italy, snd the Popo, butone in which sll Europe has an in- torest, and in which, should any armed inter- vuutmnhemaduby France, all other nationa might with equal proprioty interfere. Ho recog- nizes Prince Bismarck at this'time as at the head of an anti-Catholic crusade, and, with the knowl- edge of that fact, it is not for Frauce to engage in s crusade for the Pope, inviting thereby 5 ro- newal of the war with Germany. Much 28 he regrets the condition of things in Rome, and the present weakness of France, it is his duty to Tecognize tho fact of the King of Ttaly's euprem- acy, and to treat him sccordingly. France, in tho meantime, is represented in Rome by two | Ministors, one at tho Royal and other at the Papal Court. Rome itself is reaping & grand harvest. De- gpito thocantentions between the two Courts, the city is increasing in population, in business, and in wealth, sad promises.to be one of the grand- est capitals in Europe. The Government is re- building & large portion of the city which had fallen into decay, and is otherwiec béautifying snd edorning streets that have been deserted. Traders have gone thither and opened ghops, such 08 have not ben eoen in Rome for many years. Tho city is now filled all the time with travellers and strangors. The Church party affect to believe that Rome is under some sort of a cloud, snd have chosen to suspend all fostivity and social enjoyments 80 long a8 the King shall hold his Court in the city; but daily this class is growing weaker. Tho attractions of tho Court, tho royal enter- tainments, and tho geueral gajeties of tho day, are drawiyg sway the younger branches of the old families, who are tired of self-denial. In January, one of the oldest Princes, who had &, large family of young persons, gave a ball, to which not oply eminent strangers, but:members of tho Court, wers invited. It gavo great scandal, and was demounced in severe terms by the staunch champions of the Church; but there: . was no back-down, and the one ball has been followed by others. Thesa people fail to under- stand why, when all tho world is coming to Rome to enjoy themsclves, the Romana alone should mowrn and weep over whet they cannot help, even if they wished to do s0. 2 THE AUSTRALIAN SUBSIDY. Thero is pending before Congress & proposi- tion to subsidize Webb's line of. steamers, run- ning between Ban Francisco and Australia, by the payment of $500,000 out of the Treasury annually for ten years, or in aH £5,000,000. This is an unmitigated froud, and the country will watch with caro the Hats of those who vote forit. This line has been in operation two years, Congress has voted to it 875,000 2 year for that part,of the route between San Francisco and the Sandwich Islands ; it receives from the Colony of New Zealand $240,000 s year, and the Sandwich Talands pay it 25,000 & year, so, that thie Company is now in receipt of £330,000 a year subsidy. The proposition before Congress is to increase the §75,000 now paid to £500,000, thus making a total subsidy of $755,000 s year. The Government of Melbourne was about to subsidizo the line, but the character of the steamers, and the slow work they performed, cansed the Parlisment to refuso to execute the sgreemant. The people of New Zealand, in like manner, are loud in their complaints. The time occapied in letters from England to Melbourne ia 44 days ; the time used by Webb's line js 55 dsys. The result is, that the monthly ‘average of lotters sent to England by way of Suezis 96,000 ; those by way of San Francisco is 600, American residents in Melbourne send their let- tars home to the United States by way of Suez, instead of by the * American” line. Two years ngo, Senator Chandler declared, from personal knowledge, that the stoamers of this line were old. wooden hulks, of the sido- ‘wheel type, and unsble to run at a profit on any water, and were for several years laid up be- cause they could not be run profitably. It would be chesper to purchaso them at their fali value, put ten pounds of nitro-glycerine in each tow them out to, ses, and let that be the last of them, Now the Senato 18 nearly cqually divided on & proposition to vote the ownerof those old rotten hulks £5,000,000 for running them for hig own benefit ten years more, There is about a8 much use in running these steamers between San Francisco and Australia 18 there would bo in sending the daily mail from Now York to Buffalo by canal-boat. A manin Melbourne can write to San Francisco by way of England, and have an answer on ita way back to him 8 week or two in advance of the time taken by theso Wobb stesmers in getting to San Fran- ciseo. General Burneide, representing s body of capitalists, offers to do this whole work, for which theso men ask $500,000 2 year, in a lino of new iron scrow propellers, for & amall cost to the United States, England and the British Colonies cheerfally co-operating to support it. The_press of Catifornis, whero the character of the servico of the Webb line of steamers is known, denounces theWebb scheme os a mon- strous feaud. .Neverthelessitis eupported by 2Mr: Pomeroy. . Congress, thus advised on all sides that every 1measaro of subsidy, prosent or past, is nothing less than a robbery ; with the evidence before it of the corrpting influence of such logislation upon memb ers of both Houses ; with this Isst jobgo thoroughly turned inside out that mo man can guestion its fraudulent .character, shoald at once reject any and every proposition for subsidy. The inadequate supply of Croton waterin New York City, in cases of fire, has long been & subject of serious consideration, and the matter of utilizing the salt water of thetwo rivers raach- ngout into the bayis now befare the Common Conncil. Several plans have been proposed. One suggested furnishing boats with tho necos- sary apparatus and using them for patrolling the river.” Anothor was to organize s company with 10,000,000 capital to supply sult water, to eatab- ish a complete system of mains and pipes, and to tax property at thorate of $5 for every 25 feet of frontsge. A third plan was to lay pipes from river to river every ten streets below Fourteenth street, and beneath the sur- faco of the river, eo that the supply would be constant. Still another looked to the forcing of galt water into reservoirs by the ebb and flow of tho tide. But that which scemed to be most practicable and cheapest was to establish salt water works, with duplex pumps, and, after the manner of tho Chicago Water Works, forcing the salt water intoa column of sufficient height to transmit it to tho highest buildings at times when fires occur. Itwas estimated that these works could be completed within eight months, end at & cost of less than $200,000. The 6t. Louis Répudlican calla attention to the singular character of the jury which would vote upon the question of Caldwell's expulsion it it should present itself. Prominent among tho gentlemen mentioned sre Hon. George E. Spencer, of Alabama; Hon. Powell Clayton, of Arkanseg; Hon. James Harlan, of Iowa; the Hon. Bamuel C. Pomeroy, Hon. Adalbert Ames;, of Mississippi; Hon. James W. Patterson, of Now Hampshir; Hon, Jobn Sherman, of . WORDS WITHOUT MEANING. BY PROFESSOR WILLIAM MATHEWS, OF THE USIYERs o SITY OF CHICAGO. . mo years ago, “Vivian” of the Zeader, well known a8 i, G. H. La\Iv‘aD:,dnn speaking of th lte Albert Smith, obsersed that ono of his most marked qualities was the priceloss ono of frankness, “He sccepts mo sham. Hle pretends to admiro nothing by does not in his soul sdmire. Ho protends to be nothing that he is not. Beethoven bores him a5l he 6038 80: Low many aro a5 wearied 89 ho, but dare not confess it! - O, if men wouldbut rer cognizo the virtuo of intrepidity! If men would but coaso lying in traditiouary formulas,—pro. tending to admire, pretending to boliove, and alf in sheer respectability!™ Who does not adthire tho quality here com mended, and yet what quality, in this age of selt-assertion,—of sounding brass and tiokling cymbal,—is more rare? What an amount of insincerity there is in human spoech! In how fow persons is the tongue an index to the heart! Not to speak of the *“How d'ye do?” and “ Good morning!” which are parroted withonta thought of their meaning, or, at least, without #ny real interest in the health o prosperity of the per- son addressed,—or if the “Dear Sir” and “Yours traly,” that begin and end lotters, as a mattes of courso,—the hollowness of which phrases may bo excused on the ground that they sweeten human interconrse, and prevent the ronghest men from degenerating into absolute boors, it ia yet start~ ling to reflect how large a proportion of human speech is tho veriest cant. That men shonld use words the mesning of which they havo noser weighed, is bad onough; but that they should ‘habitually use words a3 mere connters or forms, | is cortainly worse. Thera is hardly class in - society, or a relation in which man can be placed towards man, that does not call into play more or less of languago without moaning. Tha * damnablo itgration” of the lawyer in a declara- tion of asssult and battery is not more o thing of form than is the assevoration of one petitioner - that ho “will over pray,” &c, and that of another that he sand times _obliged” “will be a thon it you will grant his request. Who does not knbw to what an smount of flummery the most trifling kindness done by one peraon to another ofton gives ocea. , .sion to on both sides? The one racks the vocabulary for words and phrases in which to expross Lis pretended gratitudo, whilo, in fact, ho is only keenly humiliated by having to accept & favor, and the other s eloquently disclaims any merit in the grant, which he really grudged,, and will never think of withont feeling that ha made great sacrifice. The secret feeling of many a * great benes factor” loudly praised in the nowspapers, waa finely let out by Lord Byron when he sent four thousand - pounds to the Greeks, 'and pnvetely informed a b(end that he did - nmot think he. well get of for less. How mywafld.mg s2d other presents, and subseriptions to public en terprises, are made by those who secretly cures the occasion that exacts them? With the sterco. typed “thanks” and ‘*‘grateful acknowledg. ments” of the shopkeeper all are familiar.” 8y . with “the last,” the *positively the last,” and of the dramatic stars, that shine for five hun. dred or & thousand dollm anight; 08 nobody is deceived by these phrases, it seems hypercritical to complain of them, and yet one can handly help - sympathizing with the country editor who denounces Olo Bull because he is maw making farewall tours ‘““once & year,” wheress formerly ho made them only “onco in five yeara.” Conpsidering the sameness of shopkeep- ers' acknowledgments, one cannot help sdmirig the daring originality of the Datch commercial house of which Tom Moore tells, that concluded or of a little money! How many writers profess to welcome criticism, which they nevertheless ascriba to spite, envy, jealousy, it it is unfavorable! What is intrinsically more deceptivo then the.multitidinons * we® . in which every writer, great and small, hides his individuality—whether his object be, as Archdes- con Hare says, “ to pass himself ufl ‘unnoticed, like theIrishman’s bad guinea in & handful of half-pence,” or to give ta tho opinions of & hum- blo individual the weight and gravity of & coun- cil? “Who the — is We?" exclaimed the elder Keanon reading s scathing criticiam upon his Hamlet; and the qnesemn ‘might bo pertinently’ asked of other nominis umbrae who deliver thmr literary judgments as oracularly as if they were lines) descendants of Minos or Rhadamanthus. Wha can estimate the dimination of power and infla- ence that would result, should the ten thonssnd editors in the land, who now speak with a voics of authority, as the organs of tho publio ors party, come down from their thrones, and ex- chauge the regal “we” for the plebeian aad egotistic “I?” Whois “I?” the reader might exclaim, in fones even mors contemptuous thas Kean's. The truth is, “I" is anobody. He represents only himself. He may be Bmith, or Jones, or Brown,—the merest cipher. Hemsy weigh bnt s bundred pounds, and still less morally and intellectually. He may stand but five feet in his boots, and be in mteuect but a Tom Thumb. Whocares what such s pygmy thinks? Bat “wo” repre- sents & multitndo, an imposing crowd, & mighty assembly, a congress, or a jury of sages; nndws all quail before the opinions of the great *we.” As a writer has well vaid, *‘¢We haveevery res- gon to believe that beef vnll rise to starvation prices,’ is o senthgent which, when resd in 1 newspaper, will mike the stoutest stomach trem- ble; but substitute an ‘I’ for the ‘we,’ and no- body cares & copper for the opinion. It has been well said that what terrified Belshazzar was the hand on the wall, Becanso he conldn’t see % is involved; that invests it with potency.” 1t is in the conduct of political affairs that the class of words of which wo have spoker aro used ‘most frequently. Sir Henry Wotton long nxw' defined an ambnssador a8 s gentleman seob \abroad {0 lie for the benefit of his country. I3 Europe, so'indissolubly has diplomacy been s sociatod with trickery, that it is said Tallyraad? wonder?ual success with tho represontatives o foreign Courts was owing largely to his frask- ness and fair dealing,~nobody believing it pot sible that he was striving for that for whichbt Ohio; snd the Hon. Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvapia. If Patterson, of South Carolina, and Jones, of Nevads, recently elected to take their seats in the next Senate, could voto during the present session, it is certain that Mr. Cald- well could have a good many peers among the Jury that must bring in the verdict. It is evi- Gent that the United Sistes Senste furniches another instance of the necessity for improving tho charnctér of American juries. Explorations recently made st Tsle Boyal, Lake Superior, for mineral, have ‘developed traces of very ancient: copper mines, which exhibit evi- dence of having been worked by s race of men long since extinct. Shafts of considerable depth liave been opened which ere choked up with tho sccumulated debris of ages, and, in pene- trating to = depth of 60 feet, tools of. wonderfal workmanship . were - discovered, and of remerkable tempor and dura- bility. Somo - finely-tempered knife-blades and granite hammers of enormonus weight have been taken from the pit. Theso relics show that the mon who used them were skilled artisans as well 2s men of superior strength, and add another link of evidonce to show that ccnturies Lefore the written bistory of America it was poo~ pled by a powerful and civilized community. +the most positively the very last” eppearances alotter thus: ““Sugars are ‘falling more. more every.day; nokso the respect and esteem with which we aro your obedicnt servants.” Literary men are 80 wont to weigh their word that cant in them seems inexcusable; yet whero shall we find more of it than in books, magy- zines, and newspapers ? How many rcasons ar aseignod by authors for inflicting their works o tho pablic, othor than tho true one,~viz., the plensureof writing, the hopoof a little distinction, whom it belonged ; and the same may bo eaid of the editorial *we.’ It is the mystery in which seemed to be striving, The plain, wpfl'- straightforward way in which bo of and dealt with sl public mmm, pletely puzzled the vulgar minds, conld not dissociate from dlplmmq lM mysterions devices that distinguish from .the true diplomatist. In nm nflu n:d etyles of address used by Kings and Emperors, @ havo examples of cantin its most mmmslfl forms. One sovercign is his Most Christit? Majesty, snother Defander of the Faith, etc- monarch, forced by public opinion to issue ‘ H commission of inquiry, addresses all flfl“‘" “bors of it s his well-beloted, thongh in hn- ho detests them. VWhen tho patriot, Patkeh surrendered to the vengeance of Charles XIL Eweden, the following sentence was read o7 W + %t is hereby mado known to be theexpre on]qx of hisMajesty, onr smost merciful sovmlfl“v that this man, who is mm‘:hfnm ‘broken onthe wheel and qu o _mercy!” exclaimed the poor crimioal It 'u: with the same mockery of benovolence that Holy Inguisition was wont, when condemsio { heretic to the torture, to express the concern for his temporal and eternal wells™ .One of the mostoffensive forms of canti :: pmrusamn of extreme humility by mm