Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 9, 1873, Page 6

i i @ & > 6 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1873. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TERAS OF STDECRIFTION (TATADLE IX ADVATCE). 2ilv, b .GQ | Sunda; DaledgpeS1Z00| WA $3:38 Parte of a year at th szme ate. Do provent delay znd mistakes, bo sure and give Post ©Fco 2ddress in fall, including State aud Couaty. ‘Remittences may bo made efther bydraft, cxpress, Post ©fco order, or in registered lotters, ot our zisk. TERME TO CITY SUBACEIBERS. Deily, deliversd, Sunday excopted, 25 conts por week. Loii%, delivored, Sunday incinded, 30 cents per weok. TUE TRIBUNE COMPANY, address Corncr Madison and Doarborn-sts., Chicage, Tl ———ee BUSINESS NOT! PIMPLES REMOVED AND SKIN MADE SMOOTH br aing Junbper Ter Soap. Mann(actured by Casweil ., Now York. FORDYSPEPSIA, INDIGESTI Spirits and General” Dapitiy. the, F! DEPRESSIONof rro Phosphorated xir of Calirara Hark (Cal ‘and Iroa), is wo Bl of ColtTa by Cosrel, 1iazard & Co , Now York, exnd 22ld by Dru; @he Chitage Tribune, Bundsy Morning, Februaty 9, 1873. THE NEW MORAL CODE. The country is just now paseing through & trisl upon the question of official morality. It 45 concedod that the public officer who accepts & bribe for an offieial ct is guilty of a crime; but {15 odmission ismet by thoe query, Whatisa bribe? Whatisitthata man imust do in the way of purchasing an election, or purchasing legislation, or any ofScial act, to constitute tho crimo of bribery? The moral offence consists in tho public officor uccepting s fee or yewsrd for rendering an official service. Tho acceptsnce of the compensation is tho substznco of the offenco. Would s Judge of the United States or State Courts, who, in addition tohis fixed salary, should receive regular or occasional pay from s corporation, whichmight, 2t some time, have a case beforehim, be guilty of bribery, unless it could be proved £liat the Court had accepted the money under an sgreement to decide corruptlyin all cases in which the corporation should be interested ? s the acceptance of the moncy, without a law- ful consideration, tho subatance of the crime, or is it theactual rendering of the corrupt decision? How much confidence would the. public bave in s Court imown to be in the recsipt of & pecuniary compensation from one or from a combination of corporations? and yob why should the confidence bo wantingif tho fect of bribery is not fully completed? There Is no differcnca between the case of a Judgeand ¢hat of any other officer. The member of the Legiclature, the member of Congrees, and the Cubinet officer, aro all rlike the agents and trus- tees of the people, and’ stand in the same rela- tion to the public and to individusls that does the Judge. When, thereforo, a member of the Legislature, or of Congress, or of the Cabinet, accepts a gratuity from any Person Or COrpors- tion who has or may heve business before him, he stands procisely in the same light thst does the Judge who sccepts momey from actusl.or possible litigants. But we are having new thoories upon this question. A Senator-clect from South Carolina, who has peid 260,000 for his clection, claims that has conduct cannot bo investigated save a the official request of the Logislaturo from whom ho purchased the election. A Secrotary of the Interior, baving control of the relations of the Pacific Railroad Company and the Gov- ernment, accopta $10,000 from that corporation, with the avowed purpose of procuring his elec- tion to the Scnate, where, ss & legislator, ho would have to vote upon measures relating to that Company, and defends the act s consis- tent with personal and official integrity. In Nevads, & Senator has just beenelected who does not deny that he has expended perhaps one hundred times his whole Senatorial salary to b elected. The oxpenditure of money was 0 notorions that he hns been forced to justify and defend it. Speaking to tho men by whose votes ho was elected, ho thus describes tho of- rpell of genius, eloquence, and grandeur, tll, like an Olympus, it has sccmed s sacred theatre of gode, to- wards whoeo cloud-capped glorles the mortal gazo tight be reverently lifted, but to whose lofty height Do ordinary morta! should ever climb. He then referred to the fact of his having been choeen, and the various sllegations as to the means he bad used, and, admitting the facts, thus demurred to the whole indictment : 1 deny that the receat canvasa wes corrupt or profii- gato beyond what might be'as Justly charged sgainst any and every political campaign, whether municipzl, Stste, or'National, within my memory. Money was used, it 13 true; but geaerally, 28 far as I know, by the Central Committee of the various counties, and legiti- mately in the interest of the Republican party, and in presenting clearly to all the true fesues involved in the campalgn. There is not an election gone by =ince our existence as a nation (hat hos not witnessed and sanc- tioned ita like ure. They who fuveigh against political expenditure of this character simply decry the fncvita- ble, and incur more than suspicion of their candor and intelligence. * ° * Corrupiionis no neceszary co- rollary to the use of motey. A sum a3 vast as our national debt might be disburzed cnd no one bs cor- ropted, The mero disbursement of money- is blame. i AR R 8- e Sl e e 1 candidiy acknowledge that money was uscd in the campaign, but not corruptly. It w=s used legitimately snd rightfully. The popular espousal of my.candida- tura alienated men and institutions of wealth, power, spd influence, who had theretofore been generous pa- trons of tho Republican party, and checked numerous eources of supply and turned them into chznnels wkich fowad into and filled the exchequer of the op- position. Theso powerful inflnences enconraged and promoted discord within the organization. Thero was peril without; thers was craft, intimidation, and treachery in every hand, cndsngering alike the suc- czs of the party and the intercsta of the community. If throngh partyand pereonal zeal I volunteercd to stand on the breach caused by the desertion of others, sndbear thebrunt of the fight and the heat and burden of the day, I trust, while X arrogate to myelf o virtne for so doing, that others will not impute it to me a5 a crime. Tho plsin meaningof all this ia, that Mr. Jones, finding that his candidacy was not popular, and that whatever chance he had dopended on the reo expenditure of monoy, . bravely re- solved to “bear the brunt ;" it . .cx words, he swent in™ with bis money, overwhelmed all op- position by purchasing its followers, and at the cost of perhaps $500,000 in & State where the aggregate popular vots was less than 20,000, found himself in possession of a Legislature pledged to his election. Itis natoral that Mr. Jones should flatter himself that the use of ‘money by him was not corrupt beyond what it kas been in other elections; that its uze has boen sanctiored by long usage; that corruption i3 no necessary corollary to the use of money in elections; that he might have expended two thousand millions in the election and no ono be corrupted ; that the mere disbursement oa his part was blameless, but we question whether the American people have sunk in their scneo of moral rectituds as to accept his decla- ration that to object to the use of money to pro- cure £n eloction to the Tnited States Benstsis to “pimply decry the inevitable.” Tre belicve that the moral sense of the Amer- : fice to which he has been chosen: The position to which you have elevated me is one of grave responsibllity and almost perilous exaltedness, The greatmen of the nation have woven sround it & 3 it officer, and especinlly o Senator of tho United Btates, by the ues of monoy, and Wwo do mot believe that tho American Senate Wil brave the popular indignation by voting that, to -object to or prohibir the clection of mombers of that body by the overhelming use of money, is* meroly decrying ogainst tho inevitzble. When that time shall come that seats in that body are rec- ognized as something to bo sold to the highest bidder, then the timo will have arrived when the Senate itsclf ehould be abolished. fheidin s o e S VIRTUE IN THE JURY-BOX. APliladelphia paper asserts that trial by jury is ot presont o feilure, and cites the disagrcemonts of the jary in the Tweed caco, and in that of Mra. Wharton, as inctances to provo the asser- tion. In Mrs. Wharton's case, three-fourths of tho jury were for conviction. The minority of the jury refasing to concur, the cnse Las to bo tried again. Tho remedysuggested is, that the majority of the jury shall in all cases render the ~erdict, but thé yritor overlooks the fact that, bad such a rule been in force, Tweed would bavo beon scquitted. Tho guilt of both prisoners is assumed, yeb in tho ono case, whero no bribery is suspected, the prisoncr would have beon convict- ed, while in the other, whera thereis an allega- sccused would tion of corruption, the have been scquitted. To make out the case in behalf of the proposed new rule, thie minority in Mrs. Wharton's case must be pronounced as incapeble of weighing the relative force of statoments and arSuments, and not open to conviction by thuir mola itel- ligent bretheren;” while for the minority in the Twecd case must be clsimed the superior Lonesty and intelligence which would have been overwhelmed by the stolid ignorance of the mejority. Flaciog these two cases as illustra- tions of the advantage of the proposed charge in the jury law, tho Tweed case complstely do- stroys every argument or theory furnished by the Wherfon case. Wo do not deny that there are evils in the jury system, nor do we imagino thet the jury system has escoped the corruption which has ettacked every branch of publio service. The remedy is with the public. The standard of official morality hos been tarribly dograded. Every man convicted of fraud, perjury, embez- zlement, or official corruption in any form, of Iste years, has been mado the special mark of clemency. Philadelphia, liko all other large cities, is controlled at the ballot-box, in the choice of public officers, by those who make crime a profession. Not one in a hundred of these 18 ever brought to trisl, and when tho hundredth man is rccused and convicted, he is turned loose by Executiva clemency when his criminal associates demand his releaso ss tho price of ballot-stufling, perjury, murder, rob- bery, or other crime. When corruption is thus supremo in all branches of the Governmert, end when public opinion is 5o strongly in sym- pathy with that corruption, it is perhaps absurd to expect unblemished virtue in the jury-box. Why should nota juror sccopt a consideration for scquitting or refusing to convict a cximinal when he knows that, if the man is convicted, somebody else will be paid for relessiag him from tho sentence? When a man is convicted of false swearing and stuffing the ballot-box, and is par- doned because it is ““a political prosecation;” when a man is convicted for robbing tho Tressu- 1y of Philadelphia, and pardoned that he may ‘make affidavit of the innocence of his pariners who at the time aro candidates for office, how can public opinion in Philadelphia complain that an official robber in New York. who is on the wrong side to bave hope of Executive par- don, isnot convicted by the jury? When publio opinion justifies, upholds, and sympathizes With Executive protection for crime, even when no- torionsly corrupt, it csa bardly find feult with Juries if they cut ander and take the profits out of the hands of higher officials. In the State of New Jorsey, a public officer was tried last year and convicted of precisely the samo acts charged against Tweed. He did not waste his time in corrupting or befogging the jury, because he knew that he wonld be par- doned,—ns he was. Tweed knows that he will not be pardoned, and therefore he takes care that ho ia not convicted. What ia wanted is & reformation of pablic opinion, snd s higher standard of official mo- rality. Official crime is far more heinous than any other, and yet is nover punished, because “tparty” insists upon defending its men. When public opinion sliall have advanced to that point when it shall neither tolerate, excuse, palliste or justify oflicial corruption in any form, nor by any officer, be his place high or low, or his past record, good or bad, then there will be nodifficulty in heving juries who Wil convict, and then thero will be fower cases of that kind calling for prosecution. The same improved public opinion will not be confined in its opers- tion to juries in cases of official crime, but will extend to all cases, and tho juror, 2nd the Gov- ernor, end the Sheriff, and the witness, will alike feel impreased with the certainty that crims is to bo punished, and that every person ongaged in the administration of juitice will have to choose between fidelity to duty or porpotual infamy,— ‘personal es wll as public. THE DOCTEINE OF CASZE. Mr. Sumner's pet hoscility to that general sen- iiment of society or government which he calls “caste,” is ecarcely sustained by the doctrines advanced by the modern school of savans. To take Mr, Darwin's theory as a sterting point, it might reasonably be meintained that ¢ natural selection” indicated the right of every indi- vidual to choose his own condition and avail himsolf of all opportunities. This maybe trus in the sbstiact; but, practically, “natural sclection” is mecessarily followed by the esteblishmen: of Caste—tho mew, stronger, end superior species naturelly lording it over tha species they have lcft behind them. This principle has been Tecognized by Mr. Wal- ter Begehot, in his treatment of the connection between ** Physics 2nd Politics.” He maintaing that, if we go back far enough in history, we find man without any traditions of civilization, which was subscquently provided by the ad- vantages of one physical organization over an- other, and transmitted through the mervous organization by means of hereditary infiu- ences. It was in this primitive condition that the law of ‘“natural selection™ aseorted itself, It wes found that the stronger pravailed over the wesker. Strength was discovered tobsan accompaniment of the virtues of abstinence and regularity. These qualities were cultivated to the end of superiority, and marked the departura from barbarism to civilization. If this theory be correct, Caste is contemporaneons with the development of civilization. The beginning of civilization, according to 3fr. Bagehot's theory of Politics and Physics as correlative forces, found to discipline the people, and the dis- ciplined were sure of victory. From this boginning we have the mervoms furco transmitted from generstion to generation, snd the hereditary doctrine is a porpetuation of the principle of Casto, thus ineugurated by the doc- trino of ““naturel selection.” Mr. Bagehot him- self doos not malte thoso deductions, as they wero not the subjects of his discussion, but they sro evidently tko conclusions of his process of reasoning. . Francis Galton, the author of the volumo on “ereditary Gonius,” which excited 8o much attention & fow yoars ago, WOW proposes to put hin idess to n practical appli- cation, thus recognizing mot only tho existenco of Caste, but its usefulness to man- Xind. In & recont numbor of Frasei's Magazine, he proposes s plan for refining and improving tho better qualities of mind and body that re to be found in tho superior classes, with & view to providing, at some future time, = race of men of little less than supreme knowledgo and virtue. His plan is far above the ideas of Stephen Pear] Andrew's theory of stirpiculture, and the prac- tices of the Oneida Community, 8o far as decency gocs, But the principlo itselt does mot appear to differ very materially from that which underlies the other philosophios that pretend to Jook to the samo object. Ho desires 10 establish = Caste among persons of good birth and personal worth, by which thoy only shall in- termarry emong themsclves. With implicit faith in his theory of hereditary gonius, ho be- lieves thatsuch a course would be sure to ennc- blo the particular race tbat would thus be pro- daced, and lend it to great eccomplishments in tho fields of virtue and mental progress. Mr. Galton is mot cspecially Lappy in his refer- ence to the German nobility, who maintain this rule of exclugion in their marisges; for historic truth would scarcely show that the nobility of Germany hev accomplished g0 mack for the progress of civilization, the development of society, or the improvement of morals s the Dourgeoisie, who bave not enjoyed tho advan- tages of an exclusive mixtare of noble blood. Another serious cbjection may be urged in the fact that, under an agresment of this kind (even if_ it wore at il practicable), men and women would marry in their own emall class from a sense of duly, or under the dictatos of pride, rather than with oy considera- tion for their own heppiness. Itis certainlya question whether unhappy, or, ab best, noga- tively contented, marrisges would produce the favorable results which Mr. Galton anticipates. This is doubtful, even when admitting that his theory of hereditary genius is correct. Apothor serious objection might present itself in the course of time. There would be a race of peo- ple given to literature, ert, and calturo of all kinds, but necessarily untutored in the way of business or self-protection. It is more than likely that such a peoplo would be the pray of tho rest of mankind, and reduced to poverty aad suffering. If they formed s nation, other na- tions of warlike disposition and acquirements would have them completely in their power. The truth s, that Caste, such &s it is, must follow the law of “natural selection,” or of chance, or of circumstances, or of whatover else may determine it from timo to time. If, on the one hand, it is not to be abolished, sppearing in some other form whenovor it is crushed ont, 5o, on the other hand, it is not to be culti- vated by any system of mapriege or hereditary recognition. It may be well enongh to discuss tho probabilitics of he- roditary gonius, snd, perhaps, not altogether un- profitable ; but, for all that, genius cennot be controlled by conventional laws. It must fol- low its own bent, and it will transmit itself the ‘mora surely by doing so. A WOMAN'S LIFE. Three notzble women bhave been lost to the world within the past few weeks,—women whose places it will bo difficult to supply. Each differ- ed from the other in character and in'ealling, yot all were alike in the womanlinessof their livos and the deticious charm of their influence. They were Mrs. Mary Somervillo, the Viscountass Besconsfield, and Mrs. Harrison Gray Otis,— the death of the latter having occurred a few days ago at her home in Boston. Each of these remarkable women was known all over the world in the particular sphere in which sho hed exerted her talents and influence; and yotnot one of the three had ever sought noto- Hety, or in any way cultivated the attention of tho public. Mrs. Mary Somervillo attained a high and useful position in mathematics and sgcienco, penetrating greator depths than many of hor male contemporaries of renown, and com- manding the confidence and admiration of the ecicntific world. Yo she” accomplisticd all this without sacrificing any of the domestic and social charms of womanhood. Bhe remained a good and loving wife, a fond and careful mother, a brilliant- and attractive society woman. Tho Countess Bezconsfield was the factor of Tisraeli's success. Married to this brilliant but erratic man at the turning-point of his life, she gave & direction to s abilities ‘which led him on to the greatness that he would never otherwise have sattained. She devoted hor fortune and all her social atiractions to his advancement. She inspired his books, encour- aged his oratory, snd had that abiding faith which improssod & nation with Ler own convic- tions. Her fame became world-wido when Disrasli declined- the Peerage, which had bLeen proffered him, in Ler - fa- vor, thus - pablicly acknowledging the debt of gratitude and the fund of affection which he cherished for her. Mrs. Herrison Gray Otis, of Boston, was not legs remarkable for the influence which she exerted, the work she did, and tho meuner in which she accomplished it. Had she been a woman of great wealth, Ler charitics might have been less respected, and wonld cortainly have ‘been the more easily performed. Had slie been the ¥ife of & President or a great statesman, .ber intense patriotism and exalted position would have been lees etriking. Had sho been a professional charecter, her brilliant talents would have been the more readily understood. But here was & woman who was left widow as early as 1827, with moderate means, and a family of three children to support ; & woman of great.besuty who never remarried, and never entered into public life. Yet, for mora than thirty years, and up to the hour of her death, hor life was of that peculiar brilliancy to attract tho admiration of the highest social circles all over the world, and of that cminent usefalness to command the grati- tude of the American nstion. Mre. Harrison Gray Otis ia best known to the present geners- tion for the good she did during the War of the Rebellion. This was the opportunity for the full dovelopment of the intense patriotism which sho hed ‘always felt. But her patriotism ican veorls rovolis aczinst the election of auy L wes a militery advantaza, Law ond ozder were [ did not take the ehazo of ostenfation. of beok- making, of speechifsing, of denonncing the ene- my, or of nosing out foes at home. Ehe went towork. Bhe was personally idantified with the organization of tho Sanitary Commission, which accomplished so much for the relief and com- fort of the soldiers in the ficld. B8ho was untir- ing in the devotion of her t'u;m and energy to the purpose of softenisg tho bardships and relieving tho sufferinga of the Union soldiers. Her great executive gemwus assorted itself thronghout tho continent. But if there had beon no war and no Sanitary Commission, Mrs. Harrison Gray Otis would have died famons. Hor social attractions were simply irresistible. They had won friends and admirers in high stations in Europe as wcll as at home. Her apprecistion of art had enmabled her to gather together a museum of rare and in- teresting works, Her entertainments, though simplo and unprotending according to her means, wero the pride of Boston. It was her custom to throw her honse open toall tho world on tho anniversery of Washington's birth- day. Sho was & woman who had no need to dread contamination — purifying, beautifying, and ennobling all who approached her. Tho life of such a woman is a blessing to man- kind. The good which Mra. Harrison Gray Otis did while ehe was on earth is infinitesimal as compared to the influence which such a life exerts for all time. Her career—that of a true woman—sets an example and teaches = lesson which are of greater value than the plati- tudes of proachers or the homilies of philoso- phers. When we revort to life like her, or to that of & Mary Somerville sud a Viscountess Beaconsfield, we focl that the mistaken efforts to advance the causo of womsnhood by unsez- ing women is surely counteractod. — THE OPERA BEASON. The spectacle in McVicker's Theatre, on 3on- day, Wednesday, snd Fridsy evenings, was not caldulated to impress a strangor with the beliof thet money is tight in Chicago. It is impossible toget &t the exact figures, but it is only s few dollars out of the way to eay that on Monday ovening there were £5.600 in the house; on Wednesday ovening, $6,000, and on Friday evening, £6,200; and an average of these threo sums yesterdsy. The gross roceipts of the week will probably reach £25,000. This result hes not boen eurpassed ‘in suy city in the country. The Fridsy night recoipts have nevor been equalled before in thiscity. On Friday even- ing and Baturdsy afternoon, indeed, if the theatre had been lerger, the audionce would have Deen Iarger also, as many came who ‘could not get in. The result shows that Chicago to-dsy is, as ehe always has been, the most munificent patron of opera in this country, and that no entertainment suffers here it it is of good quality. Thero is no city which detects a sham more quickly, or lets it more se- ~verely alone, and there is no city which oxteads a more royal welcomo to real talent. Mies Charlotte Cushman, during her recent engage- ment, more than onco acknowledged that she had never met, in all her long and varied stage lifo, amoro elogant or cordisl recoption than gho had here. The imoralists may mourm, and tho financial cconomists may weave theories of profit and loss o5 much as they pleaso, it still remains trno that Chicago is bound to be amused, whether timos arehard or not, and there is quite as much sound philosophy in this doter- mination as there is in pleying the Phariseo, or shaking like Faint-Heart, in overy crisis. The fair Jittlo Berliner will find compensztion in this Tecognition for all the privileges she has forfeit— ed in breaking her contract with Frederick Will- jam's Superintendent of Opera. No pent-up Utica now contracts hor powers. Sho now be- longs to theworld, axdin her cosmopolitsn fame Ohicago claims & gemcrons place. ALl that is now necessary for her happiness in this world i3 an investment in & corner lot bere, which will yield her a snug fortune when her hair gots grey, and her voico begins to quiver, and all her ope- ratic trinmphs are sonvenirs of a glorions past. Nilsson, Adalina Patti, Carlotta Patti, Pareps, Kellogg, Grau, Strakosch, and Maretzek, have all anchored & deposit fn Chicago real etate against foul woather. There is nothing likeit. Itisan investment which pays. Itcan never be disturbed by Prussian edicts or Mallin- gor cabals. When the year 1900 has turned round the corner. all the artist-owncrs of real eatato aro coming here to reside on their proper- ty, and compare notes on the seasons at Croe- by's and McVicker's, and help on the prima don- nas of the dsy, who are now in ewaddling clothes, withno moro suggestions of music about them than arise from the prick of s pin or empty stomachs. The success of the opera hero speaks well for the general culture of Chicago. It is inevitable —absurd as it may be—that Italien opera shall be accompenied by the whimsicalities of fashion. 1t is inovitable, perhaps, that people must go in & cartiage; must wear purplo and fino linen, and make opora an expensivo luxury, but this is not a nocessity of the opera. It is only anotner exemplification of tho fact, which hss been truo since tho dsys of Adam, that there are times and occasions when Mrs. Bmith and Mrs. Brown are determined not to be outdone by each other in raiment and style. Leaving out of the question, however, all the surroundings of opera, and coming down to its actusl merits, it cannot be denied that itis & missionary of calture, and that its tendency is to improve tho average taste and otiquette, and elevate the standard of music. Thero is no highor standard of ort than music and the drama cnmhims?, and wken that golden time comes, when managers can o arrange sala- rics 8s to provide & troupe of equal merit throughout, we may then look for even better performances than now, 2nd at reasonabla rates. Meanwhile we adviso “ Unsero Kleino Paulina” toread thereal estate advertisementsin THE Tapuse this morning, and attentively etudy the lesson they teach. ————e THE ENGLISH CIVIL SERVICE. The-London Gazelle recently published the « Regulations for Her Majesty's Diplomsatic Ser- vice,” which have been confirmed by Earl Gran- ville, and which went into effoct It month. As they farnieh somo valusble hints in the reform of our own Civil Service, we reproduce a few of the more important conditions, which candidztes for positions in tho British diplomatic service must fuldl. The candidate for an attacheship is required to satisfy the examiners in rthography, handwriting, precis writing, Latin grammar, erithmetic, geometry, and geography. He must be able to converse in French fluently; must have a general knowledge of English constitutional history, the political hietory of Europe and of the United States, from the treaty of Paris, in 1815, to the treaty of Villafrancs, in 1869, and of political economy, to b acamired from Adam Bmith'a *Wealth of Nations,” and Anll's * Political Econ- omz.” Tho last condition is that they ehall be generally intelligent, “as evinced by the manner in which thoy scquit themselves under examination, and specifically by the quick- ness they may show in ecizing the points in papers resd by them, or read over to them once or twice,” Candidates must also have com- pleted tho 20th year of their oge, and must not have excecded the 26th year. The services of sttaches reckon from the date of tho certificate granted by the Civil Borvice Commission, and are considered a8 probationary for two years from that date. At the expiration of this probation, which must be spent in employment a¢ the Foreign Office and actual residence at some foreign mission, if all tho conditions have been fulfilled, tho attache gets a commission as Third Sccrotary, at £130 a year, provided he has learned ome other foreign langusge in this time. By a similar process, the Third Sacretary is raised to a Sec- ond Becretaryship, end ho may reccive’ a special allowance of £100 per sunum if he mansges to learn the Russian, Turkish, Persian, Japanese, or Chinese langusges safficiently for colloguial purposes, or any other language which is the vernacular where he is station- ed. By a similar process, the Becond Becretary may bo elevated to Secretary of Le- gation, the minimum salary being £500 por an- pum. The Secretary is allowed travelling ex- penses from England to his post, and subsist- enceat the rato of £1 por day, but must pay the travelling expenses of Lis family and servants, 28 well as his own, when they are incurred for his own pleasure or convenience. ] Aftor fixing conditions and salaries, tho fif- teenth regulation provides as follows: *Itisto ba distinctly understood that, in the future, all the members of the diplomatic service will be expected to take their turn in whatever part of the world -their services may be required, and thet, except as rogards Tehersn snd Pekin, where no accommodation can be procured for ‘married men, every Secrctary or attache, whether married or dnmerricd, must ba propared to go to tho post at which the requirementsof the public service demanded his presence, and to which he may be appointed.” The remainder of tho regulations aro technical in character, providing for an interchange of employment between Secretaries of the various gradesand junior clerks at stated periods, for annual re- ports from the heads of missions on the coduct of Secretaries and junior attaches, for deduc- tions from salaries whon leave of sbsence is granted, and for temporary allowances whon the occupsncy of & mission is disturbed by war. The rogulations are very voluminous, but wo have already indicated enflicient to show why it is that the English diplomstic service is the finest and most eystematic in tho world. Tho absence of the stringent but judicious safe- guards of the English system in our own system accounts for the fact that our diplomatic servico is 5o incompetent, and 8o often scandslous to the good name 2nd crodit of the country. When availability, intelligence, and charsctor are made tho tests, instead of partisan sorvice, we may expect to be represented. abroad by fewer igno- ramusos and men of the Butler and Cramer stamp, and not until that time. —e THE ERGLISH IRON STEIEKE. The great iron strike in South Wales has as- sumed such dimensiona that it is beginning tp sorionsly affcct bueing At the presant timo, not less than 70,000 iron and coal workers in that country ere engaged in the strike, sud tho great iron works have entirely suspended business, leaving thomsands standing idle. As each of theso workers represents an averageof four per- sons, it consequently follows that about 230,000 peoplo are suffering from this strike. As many trades and branches of business are also de- pondent upon tho iron business, tho distress which it is occasioning may well be imagined. The canse of the strike grows out of the close relations which tho iron and cosl trades bear to each other. The system established by the trades-unions, which regulates the wages of coal and iron workers by the prices of thoso pro- ducts, had carricd wages up to a very high rate. Then came a time when the payment of such wages beczmo » burden to the employers, the iron trade having become bad and pricos ro- doced. Tho cmployers, therefore, in the estly part of Decomber last, more particularly the iron-mastors in South Wales, gave notice of & reduction of 10 per cemt in wages, to tsko placo at the commence- ment of the new year. Inreply, the mon quoted the prico-lists from the trade journals, showing that Welsh bar-iron had, dwing parts of the year 1872, been quoted at higher rates than the north of England bars, and yet there was no ‘move to reduce prices in that soction of ‘the country. The employers and employes then held s conference at Cardiff, at which the mas- ters exhibited statements of prices really re- coived by them, and which wore much lower than the quotations which the men had intro- duced as an argument why wages should not be reduced. The workmen then asked for an .arbi- tration to prove the accuracy of the figures. The masters refused this, on the ground that arbitrations were one-sided, and instanced sov- eral cagod whero they had worked injury instead of good ; butoffered to’submit their books to & committee of workmen to test their accuracy, and proposed that the workmen should sccept the reduction until March, to await the condition and prospects of the spring trado, and then, if the cireumstances warranted it, the men should have the 10 per cent back, and poasibly an addi- tion. This the men refused, and the result waa & generzl strike throughout the iron regions of .Bouth Wales, Of the strikers, abont one-fhird are colliers, and of these s large proportion are unionists, who can live for a time upon union fands. The iron-workers, however, are not members of the union, and the strike is already beginning to tell upon them with fearfal effect, msny of their women and children having alresdy beon com- pelled to beg for food. The masters, of course, can bear the strike for some time to come. They have already damped down thoir farnzces, and taken off the blast, in which condition they can Xkeep their furnaces for three or four moxths at atime ready for work at very short notice. How tho striks will end, it is impossible to fore- seo. That it must entail great distress upon tho families of the workmen is, o very evident, especially through the Iate exces- “sively cold westher which prevailed all over Great Britain. The strike is also directly influencing prices. Under its operation, the production of iron has stopped to & great extont, and prices bave materially advanced. A despatch from London, dated the 4th, states that there was an- other riso in the price of coal also, on that morn- ing, which advanced during the day from 48 shillings to 53 shillings per ton, in consequence of which many more mills aod furnaces have however, - been compelled to cloge, thus throwing out of employment an additional number of laborers. There has never before been such an extensive or persistent strike in England or Wales. Tho recent strike of the farm laborers through the morth of Englnd s dwarfed into insignificance by it, and what adds to its distressing character is the fact that both the masters and men refuse inflexibly to yield a singlo point in their demands, and that s large proportion of tho latter have no moans of sup- port. The Iatest despatches indicate that the strike is still at its height, and that the masters, in their efforts to solve the problem, have an- nounced their intontion to import Chinamen from California, to work at the furnaces. This tlireat, instead of presenting any indacement for the mon to resume work, has only created bad blood, and resulted in very direct intima- tions of sssassinations of the maaters if they attempt to carry out their programme. An ar- bitration of some eort must settle the matter in dispute, or thore will be imminont danger of vio- lence. Tho rezl cause of tho masters’ opposi- tion to yiclding to the men s, that it will prove diszstrons to ‘the iron trade, by keeping the prices at a very high figure, thus oporating asa premium for increased production of iroa in other countries, and shutting them ont rom the foreign market. If they succeed, they aro cer- tain that they can arrange & scale of prices by which they can enter into competition with tha rest of the world, The Prussian Government 18 threatened with a huge lawanit for its summary closing of the German gambling housea. According to the contract held by the Company with the local govornments, made before the Prussian Govern- ment had its present jurisdiction, the Hom- bourg privileges extended to 189, and those of Wiesbaden to 1831. The Company propose to claim the sum of 90,000,000 francs, or zbont $18,000,000, in demages for forfeiting this coa- tract, It is seid that, while the subject was undor debate, Councillor Yon Wohlers, Commis- sioner of the Government in the Prussian Cham- ber, declared that the Government would bo lisble for the profits which the Gambling Compeny would -have to sacrifice. As roulelte snd rouge-el-noir are claimed to be gemes of chanco, and the Company might poasibly be stripped of the profits which it has mada in the past, might not the Government claim en offset in the loszes from which"it bhas saved the Gam- g Companyby doclaring its privileges void ? It is asseried furthor that the Compsny, being composed mostly of Fronchmen, will appeal to tho French Assombly for intsrvention ; but it is not probable that France will cara fo further complicate its relations with Germany for the ‘benefit of its gamblers. i Theo prospects aronow that the United States will be very handsomely roproseated ai the Vicnoz Exposition. It is already reported by the United States Commiesioner General that there will be a complete collection of statistica of trado and commerco, production and re- sources ; several large plotographs of American scenery; a fine collaction of ores and minerals; eamplos of cotton, sugars, and textile fabrica; wines. of American growth; models of streot- cars; a collection of 7,000 American newspe- pers; completestatistics of education and school applianées from every State in the Union. Among the manufactured articles—ahich will complately il the space allotted to the United States for this department—are steam sud fire engines,. wood-working ~ machines, printing prezses, and atercotyping machines, sering ma- chines, knitting machines, machines for the manufacture of Bessemer steel, wool and fiax spinners, mowers, reapers, plows, and threshing machines, firo oxtinguishers, dynanomoters, scales, eafes, brick presses, shoe-making ma- chines, horse-nailing machines; and washing ma- chines. The time for receiving applications for roprogentation has boen extended to Feb. 20. The proposition in the New York Legislature to pasi an act for the protection of factory chil- dren cannot bo practically appreciated in the Western country; but those who have read ac- counts of the ignorance, poverty, degradation, filth, and persecution of young children, the over- work which is put upon them, and tho wicked- ness that is nurtured in hardship, in New York and other Eaatern citics, will not wonder at the proposed logislation. Tho act provides that no child whatever shall bo employed in s factory who is under 10 years of sge, and no child under 12, unlees he knows how to read. The penalty for infringement is 5 o day. No child under 16 yeara shall be employed for more than sixty hours 1o one week, nor on four speci- fled holidays, under penalty of $10 for each of- fence. Nor shall any child between 10 and 16 years old be employed, unless he has had three full months' schooling, which shall be proved by a teacher's certificate. The act also provides for the registefing of minors in the factories, and for ailowing the officers to cnter tho fectories at all times for tho purpose of en- forcing the law. i Sy A Mesars. Irelands &Co., of Montreal, who have been running a line of a dozen or more steam- ers between this city and Montreal daring the 1ast summer, will 2 soveral new vessels on the opening of navigation. They make the further important announcement that they will have two new ocean steamships, also on the opening of navigation, of 1,008 tons burden, the Mon- treal and Toronto, to run, in connection with their lake steamers, between Montreal and ports on the Moditerranosn. The Montranl will leave Marseilles, France, on the 5th of April. We advise our merchants who intend to import wines, fruits, and other articles from the Mediterranean, to call at the office of the Com- pany in this city, and order their goods shipped through their agents. They will come diractly to our own Custom House, without so much as our saying, “By your lesvs, New York.” Of courso, other ocoan steamers will be put on the fine as business increszes. ‘There's a good tim coming.” Legislative piety is commendablo, and should be encovraged. There is & bill pending bofore the Legislature of Indicna to prohibit the col- lection of tolls on highways from any persons gomg to o from church or Sandsy school, on Sundays, in that State. The bill onght not only to be passed, but it ought to be enlarged. The collection of tolls ought tobe prohibited from all persona goirg to church or elsowhore to be mar- ried ; or going to and from Court to bo divorced; or going to or from prayer and camp mestings ; or going to or from any meeting or service of & raligious or charitable purposo. Ministers, and doctors, and midwives ought tobe exempted from tolls ; children attending school, and all per- sons performing works of necessity, such as haul- ing fuel, planting and gathering comn, cut- ting bay, sttending Courts ss witnesses, &c. In fact, in order to include all religious and nece zary duties, it wonld bo the safest policy to maka the highways freo to all. el e The Pall Mall Budget printa gome statistics with regard to emigratics from Engisnd for ths yeer 1872, which show that the total number of shipa sailing from Liverpool wes 787, with 195,776 passcngers,—an increass ove: 1871 of ‘43 ships and 29,891 passengers. The total of emi- gration to the United States was 305 ships, with 15,184 cabin and 148,444 paszengers. The nationalities of the emigrants were as follows : English, 75,545 ; Scotch, 2,637; Irish, 24,620 ; other countrios, 60,876. The Budget is at a loss to sccount for this large emigration, considering the general prosperity of the country. If it would consult the relations betwesn employer and employes and the question of wsges, it would riot be’ difficult to find a solution of the question why the warking claskes are leaving England MERRY SAINTS. BY PHOFESSOR WILLIAX MATHEWS, OF THE TNI- VEBSITT OF CHICAGO. Merry smints ! Yes, reader, and why not merry eaints, as well as jovialsinners ? Why, if relig- ion bo designed to make us happy, should it come to us always in the shape of o death’s head and a cross-bones, or any other memento mori? When will tke old theological idea that mortals aro sent here as to a place of sore chastise- ment and mortification, be rcoted from our minds ? We are not living in the middle ages ; -nor can we bo made to believe that the sect of Flagellants, wiho lnshed themsdlves dur- ing the dsy till the blood ran into their shoes, amd who gang penitentisy psalms ‘all night in cold rooms in mid- winter,—or any of the other 0id gaints the lon- gitade of whose faces go far exceeded the Iati- tude,—had the the true secrot of piety. *Trua godliness is cheerful as the day,” wrote Cowper, himself lugubrions enough; and even the founder of our faith, by directing us when we fast toanoint our countenances, and not to seom to fast, enjoins a certain livoliness of face. It hos been well said that 21l great, whole-hearted peoples Liave been lively and bustling, noisy almost, in their progress, pushing, energetic, brosd in shonlder, strong in lung, lond in voice, of freo, brave color, bold laok, and bright eses. Ttey are the cheerful people in the world— Active doers, nobls livers—strong to labor, sure ta conquer, 3 and soon outstrip in thair conrse the gloomy and the deapondent. An bilarious elas- ticity of nature i3 surely cne of the most invelnable qualitics a man can bave; why, then, should not the faculty of being merry,—of finding an enger pleasure in all sorts of objects and pursuits,—be trainod and encoursged? And why should the man who goes througn the world with sober, solemn jowl be thought to be showing a deoper sense of tio worth of life, and to be making more of his abilities than the elas. tic man? We would not see the pious man with = perpetual brozd grin on his face, for the pions are thoughtful, and thoughtfulness csnnot endure to be a long while yoked with “laaghter holding ovoth its eides;” yet there is s Larmless mirth, as old Fuller cells it,—in the middle zone between frantio morriment 2nd tho indigo blues,—which the devout msn will find no hindrance to tha cultivation of his religious feelings, whileit is tho best cordial for his spirits. It was & maxim of Bishop Elphinstous, sn eminent Scottish eaint, that whon any one sits in company, and any merry thought comes inta his head, he onght to give utterance toit im. ‘modiately, 8o that all present may be benefited. Ssdney Smith, when a poor, struggling carst at Foston-le-Clay, a dreary, out-of-the-way plece, wrote: “I am resolved to like it, and to reconcile mysell to it, which ia more manly than to fancy myselt sbove it, and to send up complainta by the post of being thrown awsy, or being desolate, and such like trash.” Acting in this spirit, he said his prayers, made - Dis jokes, choered and helped his neighbors, and upon fine mornings used to draw up the blinds of bis little parlor, open the window, and “ glo- Tify the room,” o8 he called the sct, with sun- shine. Yet this was nothing to the sunshine that flooded his heart and lighted up his faca; and so buoyant was he in spirit when his phyzis cal strength was nearly exhausted, that, just be- forohe died, he ‘playfally described Lis condi- tion by saying, “Ifeel o weak, both inbody and mind, that I venly believe if a lknifs were put into my hand, I should not have strengt or encrgy enongh to stick it into a dissenter.” A more striking example was Robert Hall,who could indulge in merry jests and pungent ay- ings even when suffering from sharp pain. “3r. Hall,” 82id some one to him, * I understand you are going to marry Miss —2” *T marry Miss —1 1 would as soon marry Beelzebub's eldesh danghter, and go bome and live with the old folka.” To s solemn brother who rebuked him for hia vivacity, he roplied: *You carry your nonsense into the pulpit; I keep mine out” Even when stricken with mental hallucination, he did not lose his relish for & jest. When 8 stereotyped condoler callod upon him at the asy- lum, ood ssked, in s whining tone, “Whal brought you here, 3r. Hall 2" he significantly touched his head and replied, ‘ What'll nevez bring you, sir; tco much brain, sir! too much braini” Thomas Paine, writing sgainst the Bible, he characterized a8 ‘s mouso nibbling at thewingof anarchangel.” Dr. Gill's Commentary was “s continent of mud;" the writings of Owen “s vallay of dry bones.” When we think of the drcadfnl agonies that racked Ar. Hall's powerfal frame, we cannot wonder that he thought of heaven chiefly as a placo of rest, nor that his experience was sometimes clouded by storms and darkness, just as many of his majes- tic sermons aro tinged by the shades and terrors that grew mpon his great soul; but it is a marvel to which wo can find nothing more wondrous in the whole library of brave anecdote, that, after toseing and writhing upon the rug before the fire, the only place in which he could got ease, he could start up livid with exhaustion, and with the sweat of angmsh on his brow, ta proclaim without & murmar from his pulpit the messago of God to s lost world. “I suffered much,” the noble hero used to ssy after thess prroxysm, “but I did notery out, did 1! did I cry out?” We do not deny that a Isngher may be,—nzy, t00 often is,—xa scoffer and a scorner. Bome jest- ing there is that is like * the crackling of thorns {under a pot;” and some jesters thore be, who ‘aro fools of & worse breed than those that used to wear the cap and belle. But, as Archdeacon Haro so justly obserses, though a cer- tain kind of wit, like other intellootusl gifts, may coexist with moral depravity, there hag often been o playfulness in tho best and greatest men,—in Phocion, in Socrates, in Luthér, in 8ir Thomas More,—which, as it were, adds a bloom to the severer graces of their character, shining forth withamarathinobrightness when storms as- sail them, and epringing up infresh blossoms un- der the axo of theoxccutioner. Itis the strongest and most thoughtful mind that perceives most kecnly thomamfold and perpetually-occurring contradictions, and incongruities, and inconsis- tencies of Lfe; and hence o great writer re- garda humor as often ‘“the natural associste of an intense love of truth, if it be mot rather s perticular form snd manifestation of that love,"—leading omo to strip off the artificial drapery and conventional formal- ities of life, and to look straight at the realitiea hidden beneath them in their naked contrasts end contradictions. Buch was the humor of Luther, of whom it has been said that he was “open a8 the eky, merry as the sunshine, bold end fearless os the storm.” He believed that the carth was the Lord’s and the fulness there- of, and never thonght that ho honored God by wearing a long face. So he cracked jokos with Lord Cate, as he plajfally calleg his wife; Iaughed, body and soul, st the caricatures of the Pope which hung upon his stady wallj snd replied to the denunciations of hir enemies by merry jests. Not so Jobn Cal vin. To him this world was waste, howl ing wilderness; God's curse was upon i, and therefore he had no eye for its besuty, 09 esr forits music. Hehadno favorite cats and pet dogs,no flutes end pictures and merr? games, like Luther; he rarely emiled, and still more rarely langhed ; end when he did laugh, it +was & very weak, thin, sniggering, husky affain,— what Carlisle calls & kind of laughing through wool,—zot at all like the clesr, loud, ringing langh of Luther. We may respect the gres! Genevan s & giant of theology ; but who, 88 b resds his biography, thinks of clasping him t3 his heart, s he does Doctor Martin ? That pink of propriety, Lord Chesterflold, thonght it ungentlemanlike to lsugh. Itwas a ehocking distortion of the face. “Iam sus,” he wrota to his son, * that, since I have had tha fall tise of my reason, nobody has ever hescd me laugh.” We cannot help thinking tha it would have been far better for him if he hsd occasion+ ally given way to his feelings, and not impressed the world with the notion that ho was all stardh