Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 2, 1873, Page 6

6 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1S73. TERMS OF THE TRISUNE TERMNS OF SUBECRIPTION (PATABLE IN ADVANCE). ily, by . Dty byl S12.00) Parta ol a year at the sams rate. o prevent delay and mistalos, bs sura and giva Post Offco nddress in full, facleding State and Conaty. Remittaaces may be made cither by draft, oxpress, Post ‘Dffice order, orin registored lotters, ot oar risk. TEAXMS TO CITY SUBSCRIZERS. Dally, Celivercd, ‘Sxnday excepted. 5 cents par weck, Deily, delivered, Sunday fncluded, 20 cents per weok. Address THE TRIBUNE COLPANY, Corner Madison and Deasbo: Caleago, L. The Chivags Tthmie, Sunday Morning, February 3, 1873. THE MAYOR, THE LAW, AND THE PEOPLE. These are two points of view from which tlo conflict between Mayor 2odill and tho Boazd of Polico Commissioners is regarded: Onois tho legal aspect of the case; the otker, that of popu- ler sentiment. It is well that every citizen, ina crisis of B0 much importence, should have a 500d understanding of tho former, thet he may not be carried away by personnl,. political, or znational prejudices on the ono side, nor, on tho other side, depend tpona mere comviction of the justice of Mayor edill's conrse to answer such prejudices. 2 It is probeble that no law is so familiar to the puklic as that commonly known 28 the Mayor's Bill. It was passed by tho Legislatare in com- pliance with a direct exd unmistasable demaand of the people of Chicago. There was an acuto popalar sease, just afler the firc, that Chicago's great misfortune was attzibutabls largely to the Departmental irresponaibility which prevailed in our Municipal Government, and tho Mayor's Bill was conceived and passad for tho cxpress pur- pose of concentrating tho respopsibility in tho Executive chief. It was drasn with especial reference to irresponsible and vacillating Boarda, of which the Polico Commissioners formed the most objectionabloe. The exercise of Mayor Modill's prerogative thercin prosided by removing two members of ‘the Board of Po- lice, occurred in one of thé very.emergencies for wwhich the law was passed. Tho only argument which kas been urged with any degres of plansi- . bility against the Mayor's suthority to remove Mesrs. Rono and Klokke is, tlat they ara mom- bers of a County Board, and that a muaicipal officer cannot exerciso jurisdiction over a county officer. - To better uadorstand the force of ihe present law, it may be told how tho Police Commissioners camo to be & County Doard Prior to 1861 “there was no Board of Police. The Illinols Legiclature was Republican, and, -for the purpose of depriving the Magor, in case hio should be of e opposi- tion, of soms of his power, an Elective Board of Polico was created. The first Commussioners, however, weranot elected. Subsequently, the Legislature extended the élection of ‘the Board to the entire county,—stipulating, notwithstand- Iag, that one member of the Board should be' taken from each division of the city. All these various acts, however, wero amendatory to the existing City Charter. Now the Magor's bill in- cludes distinetly ““All members of Boerds or- genized under the Chaster, or smendments thereto.” Therefore, tho members of the Board of Polico, though technically a Connty Board, are subject to removal nnder the law, just as if they were elected by the city vote alone. Logelly, the position of the Mayor in the pres- ent conflict of authority is, therefors, correct beyond all question. ] Going outside of the legal aspect of the case, we find two opposing partics among tho ' people. The majority of the people, reprosented by all the newspapers excost the German press, by the Board of Trade, the Board of Underwriters, the popular expression through letters and personsl visits to the Magor, approve Mr. Medill's action, "\ becanse they feel that the Board of Police has boen ineflicient, the polica force demoralized, — snd the whole system rotien. They see in the present sction of the Mayor the prospect of s decided and - pormanent : improve- ment. On the other side, we find & disposition to make the present strugglo a war of nativities. The course which the Staats-Zei- funghas taken has been little lesa than incen- diary. Ita persists, day after day, in informing the Germans that isyor Medill's action hus been prempted bya “hatred of foreigners.” His opposition to the Board of Police is alleged tohave been cansed by the fact that * Klokke w28 a Dutchmen, Sberidsn an Irishman, and Reno a Cunadian.” The Staafs-Zeilung knows perfectly well that is not true. It khows that Mr. Elokke, the ‘“Dutchmen,” and Mr. Reno owe their positions to Mayor Medill's appointment. If the Mayor were opposed to the Board . because it was of foreign element, ho. would not havo boen likely to voluntarily make up® the Boerd from Toretgners. On the contrery, Mayor Medill has recognized the “claims” of nationalitics, as they are insisted npon, in all his appointments. AIr.Weshburn, the Superintendent, is denonnced 13 of the “mucker” class, and under tho zontrol of the “Anglo-American fanstics,” s nowand rather anomolous nsme for Know- Nothings. ~Mr. IMefiill's action is called 8 coup defat, snd he himself .is spoken of as Joseph I, the Dictator. In one word, the Staats-Zeitung, claiming to direct the German sontiment. of Chicago, Zesves no word unsaid, and no stono untarned, to incite the Germaus to array themselves nss nationality against the Americans, thus per- petusting, though reversing, tho odions princi- ple which formed the basisof tha Enow-Nothing party. It would be impossible to conceive of a greater misusc of influence, a more determined effort to deceive, or s broader purposo to excite & warfare of nativities. We do not believe that thero is the slightest danger that false leaders can conduct an intelli- gent peoplo into so fatal an error. The issue between the Mayor and the Board of Police is that of law and authority only. No prejudice egainst Germans, or Irish, or Bcandinavians, or French, or any other fativity, is entertained on the part of those who sustain Mayor Medill. If bIr. Washburn, as Chief of Police, has enforcod & law which is distastefal toa portion of tho population, it is not Mr. Washburn's fault. He only did his duty. If he refased bribes from gamblers, as it is positively alloged; if ho raids the thicves that prey upon the community nnder enother name; if ho insists upbn discipline in the police force instead of the disorder and de- moralization which have preveiled; if he en- torces the laws, Mr. Waskburn is the kind of Euperintendent whom the peopleof Chicago want, regardless of national, individusl, or po- litical prejudices. Theso are tho reasons why Meyor Medill sustains Lim; the law sustains Iayor Medill; the people will custaia the law. ———. THE EYDE PARX FERTIIIZING CASE. The Fertilizing Company, whose works at Hyde Park ara the catsa of the recent complica- tions between the authorities of that town and thoea of Chicago, hes filed & bill in the United tates Circuit Court for this district, priying an ivjunetion ageinst soy intorference by Hyde “Park with the lawful businces of the Company. The recitals of tho bill, divested of the legal phraséology, present & history of the cace, and some details of the manrer of cartying on the business, which will have an interest for the public. i It appears thiat, prior to 1867, the slaughteriag and packing-houees being located on the Chi- cago Rivef, the offal and blood of these estal- lishments wers run into the river, rendering the currentless stream very offepsive, and:in time £0 aifccting the supply of waterst tho Water Works as to'compol the city to construct the Lako Tuonel. So muth of tie offal and blood a8 was nos placed in'the river was thrown upon the prairie. Unlite' New York and Boston, this matter could not be caried in barges and emptied ‘in thé lake, as the rxiver' is frozen in the packing ecason; mor can it be done &t any seasor, because the fresh and “tideless water of the lake would not scatterit, mor arrest decomposition; tho blood and offal would float, making “the basin of the luke bloodier than the waters of Egypt, and 20,000 tons of offal would give its margin a fringo of rotton herds, legs, Livors, entruils, and lights." Honco it was that tho city, at great expense, pro- vided for the canal improvemant to give a cur- rcot in- the river. Mossrs. Wakl cetablishod works ot tho Calumet for the manufacturs of various articles from this refuso animal matter, and finally, in 1357, Christian Webl, Louis Wakl, John A. Lightball, and others, wero.incor- porated by the nemo of tho Northwestern Fer- tilizing . Company, with & succession for fifty years; with o capital stock of £50,000, and having all tho geneial powers of corporations. 'Tho special power was to estab- lish and mainfain chomical works in Cook Coun- ty, south of thodividing line betweon Town- ships 37 and 88, for the purpose of manufactur- ingand couverting desd-animals, and.other animal matter, into an agriculturel fertilizer, and other chemical products, by chemical, meckan- ical, and other proccsses. It wes enthorizod to establish depots in Chicago for recelmng oll thisatter, tobo carried thencs to the works. Tho construction of railways, affording the means of speedy transit, has made Clicago the largest slaughtering and packing market in the wordd. Tho numbor of animals killed in Chicago, in’ 1572, was: Hogs 1,417,029; cattle, 174,030; sheep, 165,099 ; total, 1,756,178, Tho sggregste blood of these auimals was 2,205,833 gallons; and the offal was 21,175 tons. This business employs, directly and indirectly, 20,000 persons. Tho packing eeason begins Nov. 1, and ends March 1, end ia this time the daily dischargo is abont 135 tons of oifal, and 14,697 gallons of blood. This matter 18 too bulkyto be buried; it cannot be cast into the Chicago River, and it mnst be ntilized and con- verted, or the whole packing business must stop. The'growth of the packing businecs is shown in the figures sinco 1856: the number of cattls elaughtered here in that year wan 9,438, and in 1872 was 141,123; the hogs, from 23,936 to 1,225, 000. The Company now asserts that it bas §250,000. invested in the business ; that having ealarged ita works 80 25 to be able to remove, utilize, and consume in the most cientific manner now known, and with the least offensivoness, all this animal matter, it has a vested right ; this right it 2dmits is subject to reasonsble and proper police regulations ; it edmits that it must take every precaution to render the business as in-~ offensive a3 possible, and that it must procure oyery pracess and machine calcnlated to that end. It asserts that it hss strictly complied with this obligation, and has now tho best and ‘most improved establishment of the Lind in tha world. The process of manufacturing fertiliz- ersfrom offal isin vaporizing the water from the animal matter, obtaining & dry residunm, which is not offensive, not lisbla to immediate decomposition, and contains smmonia. Tho old process of Wahl Broth ers yielded 80 per cent of organic residnum, containing 8 per cent of ammonin. By the present process and machinery of this Com- ‘pany, 60 per cent of organic residuum is secured, containing 9 per cent 6f ammonis. The ammo- nis and animel matter lost by decomposition is what constitutes the offensive smell; and this Company, by its processes, has vastly reduced the amount of this escape of offensive matter. The Compsny. Lave provided amplo means whereby all this matter may be hendled daily. Before this~ Company was organized, mno blood was utiliced in Chicago; by tho machinery of this Company, it is now all utilized withont the escaps of . tho least offemsive odor. The offal is not received by the Company until it hos been in part decomposed, in order to obtain from it the greaso. The Compeny express the hope that in time they will havo mrchinery that will endble them to manufactura this also, without the es- cape of any offensive vapor. Independent of tho packing business, the elaughtezicg for city consumption is very great,—the animal matter therefrom amounting to from 25 to 75 tons of bone and offsl daily. To close this establish- ment is to leave tho city without any means of getting rid of this nnavoidable amount 6f ani- mal matter. Tho rosult of the ten days' suspension of busi- ‘ness caused by the proceedings of Hydo'Park is, that the Company was compelled, during that time, to deposit the maiter at the depotnear the Stock Yards. This deposit consists now of one acre covered four fect deep with blood, and one acre covered six feet deep with offal— both frozen’; when this thaws out thore may bo expected the most intonse cdors. The Company ellego its various contracts, ol of whichwill have to be violated if its busincas i stopped. It is insisted that'the location of these works at Ainsworth is tho most favorable thet could be selected. Threo thousand six hundred and thirty-six observa- tions made during the last five years show that the wind is from the south but for about 23 deys in the year. The wind from all other points would blow the smelt of tliese works away from Hyde Park and Chicago. Itis denied that the ordinauces of the Town of Hyde Park are a rea- sonable exercise of the police power. Upon theso facts, and npon varions legal grounds, the Company ask an injunction . restraining Hyde Park from any farther interference with the Company in its business. - The substance of thisis, that the Company ineist that theyhavo a vested right to carry on their bumness, subject to thoe police power of the State ; that when they o conduct their busi- ness thstit is aslittle offensive as is possible from the naturo of the business, and that every zgent or invention thatis known to ecience is employod to avoid ell mnpleassnt odors, the Company has practically complied with all that cen be legally demanded of it by the police anthority of the State, or of any municipality, and cannot be disturbed. . THE LAW OF MARRIAGE. . Tho decision which has just been rendered by Judge Farwell in the Nellie Port case is at once intereating and important. The case was onein which Silas W. Port, now decersad, had been. living with a woman known 2s Nellie Port, but had never been married to her according to the usages of church or statute, Upon' his death, Nellie Port applied - to the Circnit Court. to be appointed administratrix of - Silas Port's estato, claiming thut their relations dur- ing his life constituted marriage, and entitled her tothe samerightsinlaw whichshe wounld have had if thoy had been united by a "priest or a Justice of the Peace. Judge Farwell, aftcr carefal de- liberation and & thorough examination of the law ang evidance, dismissed the bill. The. dis- missal of this particular bill, howover, did not comprehend a genoral decroo thats man and wom- an must bo joined together by some authorized person in order to cntitle them to be regarded 88 married. Tncidentally, there were significant admissions that marriage could accur, according to the common Jaw, without the intervention of 2 minister of the Gospal or civil oficer; and, in the course of tho decision, Judgo Farwell indi- cated circumstances undor which ho would have beea likely to grant tho prayer. The wost forcible point of Judge Far- well's decision was tho Btress ho Isid . upon the necessity of proving all the facts clearly to establish a marriago whero no oficial ceremony had occurred. Ho held that the ovidence of friends wauld be the strong- ost in eunch a case, while such evidence was wanting in the Port case. In fact, the principal evidence that Silas Port has acknowledged the complainaat fo be his. wifo' was given by four policemen, who had been incited by his relatives to eorrest the couple for liv- ing in open aduitery. It was brought forward in tho evidenca that the relatives of both Silas Port and Nellie Pott were scandal- ized at'the manner in which they were living, and frequently upbraided snd lhreatencd them for their conduct. This, of itself, was strong proof that there was not & condition of things that would constitute marriage; that the rela- tions of tho man and woman were known by those most nearly connceted with both not to be construed by the parties to be marriage rola- tious. 2 3 Tho printipal clzit of Nollie Port was, that therehed been promise of marringe duly con- summated, Had this been established by evi- dence, or bysuch a corollary of facts as would leavo no doubt of such a condition, Judge Far- well intimates distinctly that such a contract be- tween a man and woman would be good in com- mon law. Hoe insists, again, that the proof must bo sbsolutcly clear. It is not enough, in his view of the law, thet thoy should say that they are man and wife; bub when they eay that they twill be man and wife, and then pro- ceed to consummats the promise asa sequence, they aro actually married. He could not find this sequence of promise and consummation in the present case. . The Supreme Courts of New York and Ohio have decided that a future prom- ise does not of itsel? constitute marriage. This was evidently good law, for otherwise there would be no ground for actionsat law for breach of promise, which actions are held as checks upon seduction. In this case therawas evidence 23 to ihe promise, and also confirmation of co- habitation; but it did nob appear that tho one wasmade todepend upon the other in such a way a8 to establish marriage. 4 ‘[here were two things, more or less in con- flict, which Judge Farwell seemed anxious to de- fine. One was, that there may be marriage without a coremony,—a view that.has been taken by the New York Courts. Judge Farwell holds that if a man says to & womau, ““I take you for my wife,” and tho woman says to the man, I take you to bo my husband,” and these declara- tions are followed by cohabitation, then there would be a marriage according to common law. The second point npon which Judge Farwell in- sists isnot less important, for he holds that the ordinary cases of open adultery, men and women travelling together and registering themselves 88 husband .and wife, o, passing generally a3 married people, must not be confused with thointentional consummation which alone makes Itis for this remson that he insists upon the most positive proof. His decigion shows that, while marriego may take place without tho ‘minister or Justice, thereis little danger that the numerous cases of men and women living to- gothor as busbands and wives withont baving celobrated tho marrisge with ceremony can establish legal marrisge relations to tho satisfaction of tho lnw. ‘There is nothing, therefore, in his decision which can depreciale the importance of the marriage core- mony, while it provides a legal remody for cases of peculiar hardship, in which marriage will be construed under tholaw though no ceremony hazs occurred. ) MAEE THE TREASURES SAFE. nupon public attontion’ s lesson of direct impor- tance, In our own Historical Society there were burned up in a single hour s vast collection of historical treasare which no amonnt of money or industry on tho part of collectors can possibly replace. In facts and documents relating to the early settlement of our cityand of the Northwest* papers and books in regard to the doctrines, settlement in this Btato, expulsion and general ‘history of the Mormons, and collateral subjeots, the Society waa especinlly rich. Files of nows- papers, manuscripts and valuable books were givento the Bociety, because it was snpposed tho building in which they were stored was fire- proof. 8o in the Boston fire, in & section of the city univereally regarded as the safest within its limits, many very valuable collections of pic- tures, books, and other articles stored in the lofts of those large granito buildings were destroyed. Using wood £0 largely in the building of Amer- ican cities, the conclasion forces itaelf upon the minds of all thoughtfal men that, sooneror Iater, they must all bo burned up. With the pal- sces of wesith and commerce must go the libra- ics, muscums, art collections—everything which illustrates -the past, and; if preserved, would be of inestimable . valuo to all coming genern- tions. Certainly it necds'but the conditions pre- cedent to the Chicago fire—a drouth, with a ecorching sun for two months; somo accidental deiay of the Firo Department, so that some a marriage valid without the ordinary ceremony. "The Chicago and Boston fires have forced- oneblock éould get well on fire, and a tornado sweeping over it, to burn up New York, Philsdolphia, Baltimore, or any other Awmerican city. Should the gale be from the north and the fire get well started sonth of the Central Park, the consequences to New York would be terrible beyond description. But our object in this articlo is to direct at- tention to some means by which the treasures of art and literatore may bepreserved. The value of those treasures may be inferred from singlo_ collection. It will bo remembered that the American Consul has, for soveral years, been making collections of archology and ancicat art in the Island of Cyprus. The Masoumof Artin the City of New York has recontly purchased the collection. Of it the New York Evening Post 8eys: ' 1t haa been formed during’ the past seven pears by General Df Ceanola, our Consul at Oyprus, that focus of anclent civilization snd meeting-place of races; ‘where Greeco receved through Pheenicia the artsand civilization of Egypt, Assyria, and Ohaldea, It con- sista of over ten thonsand examples of ancient nrt and workmanship in sculpture, pottery, glass, bronzes, coins, Jewelry af gold and silver, gems, and engraved stones. Itinalso rich in Greek, Pheenician, and Cyp- ‘iote inscriptions, After its sale to America, there appeared in the lead- ing journals of London, where the collsction has been exhibited, such comments s these: “Much of the hypothotical account of the progress of sculpturs must be remodelled.” “As a collection representing snclent art and mannfacture, nothing like it has ever boen seen.” *An immense and surprising colleotion of every varlety of objects which the people of an an- clent race were nccustomed efther to dedicate in thetr temples Gr bury with their desd.” *XNo collection of an equal pumber of sculptures surpasses them in an- Hquarian {nterést.” “ Every serious archmologist of ‘Earope will henceforth have inevitably to cross tho At- lantic in pursuit of this collectipn.” *The inscrip- tions are the key to civilization.” It is sad to to think that what the ravages of centuries have saved to instruct us inthe civili- zation of the past may be destroyed by some loafer throwing the mateh he has just applied to his pipe into some combustible. corner of his den. . * ¥ Tlence, we insist that librarics like tho Astor and buildings containing art and ofher treasutes should be strictly fire-proof. Second, that they should stand in parks or on very large lots of ground where a tornado of fire could pot reach them. If euch tronsures arcto be preserved at all in this country, thess conditionsmust bo ful- filled. In'the citiesof Europe, library and art buildings are sate from generation-to genora< tion right in the midst of the business, or it may be the residence centres, for the roason that o little combustible material is usod in the con- struction of buildings thore, that it is about impossible for s firo like that of Boaton or Chicago to occar. As an illustration, General. Post, our Consul ot Vienns, informed s, ro- cently, that a fire occarred on the ground floor of the building in which he resides. _Ho had com- pany at tho time, to dinner, and, hearing a com- motion in the strect, he aad his guests looked out of the window, saw where tho fire was, and then returndd quietly to their tabls, satisfied that they wero entirely safo in 50 doing. In our American citios all is different, and wo insist that 1f our people mean that their art, historicl, and other treasuros eball benofit fu- ture generations, thoy must place them in thor- onghly fire-proof buildings, on large blocks of ground, or in public parks. Wo need only cite the old City Post Office]'the First National Bank, the Land Depirtment of the Tlinois Central Rulway, the Historical Society, and Tz Tam- UNE Building, td convince our own citizens, at least, that such precautions re an absolute ne- cessity. ’ THE OUTSIDE AND INSIDE OF BOYALTY. The uses to which a man may be put aftor death aro not always of the most dignified kind, nor calenlated to give human beings a high de-- greo of respect for their bodies while living. Neither the assertion that man'is mads onlya little lower than the angels, nor Hamlet's £nd picture of what a human body may be, can save the average human body from being rather ridic- ulons, by reason of the sbsurd coverings with ‘which fickle fashion clothes it, and from being rather gross, by resson of the equally absurd material which is putinto it. It is utterly im:- possible that the human body should possess diguaity, unless teilors and dressmakars can be compelled to quit disfguring it with the products of theirneedles and shears, and 28 long asit is made the receptacle for onions, rabbits, green tea, kraut, mince-pies, szusages, and caviar. When that golden time comes, con- cerning which Professor Teufelsdroch discoursed 80 eloquently, and when we can live upon am- brosia and nectar, the apples of the Hesperides, the pomegranates of Cabal, and the honey ot Hy- ‘mottus, no objective elements will stand in the. wayot the.corporal dignity and besuty. Tho bandsomest faco that ever shone in s revel, looks absurd after a night's sleep. Venus her- self, however radiant'she may have been rising from tho ses, would appear. ridiculous rising froma night's rest in & sleoping-car. If it be useless, however, to look for dignity in the bodies of average human beings, certainly wo should be allowed to find it in royil bodies. If the King is hedged with di- vinity, certainly the Eing's body should partake somewhat, et least, of the character of the hedge. The popular notion has always runin this direction, althongh there have always been iconoclastic doubters, who have believed -that the King's body was no better or worse than the peasant’s, and that whatever of dignity it might secm to possess grew out of the irappings it wore, and the pomp and splendor which sur- rounded it. These once removed, they have even bad tho Lardihood to assert tnat the King's body waanot g0 good a body as that of the averago man, becauso it had bean sbused more. A striking instance of the truth of the icono- clasts’ theory is afforded by the recent circum- stances attending the death of Napoleon IIL Here was a man who believed, or professed to believe, that ho had been spocislly created by Divine Providence to minister to the interests of the French people, and that, without him and his Napoleonio ides, France wonld speedily go to rack and ruin. Hero was the very essence of royalty. Burely such a man as this shonld havo been compoundéd of finer clay than the gross and brittls stuff of which the rest of us are made. He, of all oth- ers, should have been the middle man between humanity and’ the angals, sharing an equal di- vision of celestial and terrestrial attributes. - His life, however, showed that thers were occzsions when he waa not an inch removed from the ri- dicolous. At Strasbourg and Boulogne he was the clown in the royal world, and his antics made all the unreyal world laugh. In Paris, he was an adventurer and a showman. At Seden, the sturdy, hard-hitting German shivered the Napo- leonic ides like glass, and the Napoleonic card-house fell to pieces at the first blow, Every vestige of royalty fell from him, and the outside of Napoleon was found to bo made of no better staff than the outsides of ordinary men. One' ljusiop thus was dissipated. Another cruel one was to come, which was to completoly diepel the remnant of belief in the minds of the people, that, although the outeide of tha royal body might be made of any ordinary stuff, yet the in- side must differ. Napoleon dead, however, has upset this theory, chd dispelled the lsst glimmer of & hope that there might bo soms pointwherein the body of NapoleanIIL., Emperor of the French, by the Graco of God and the Will of the People, diffored from tho body of John Smith, Emperor of Mrs. John Smithand the Litle Smiths, by Roodness of - God and tho consent of Xirs. J. 8. The bugy knife of tho surgeon zud the busy pen of the reporter, however, havo done their work. Bearcely bad Napoleon ITI. got comfortably out of this world of venityand vexation beforethe doctors weroat him, with saw and ecalpel, even while he wes lying surrounded with royal boes, eagles, fleur-de-lis, “N%” ond all the other’ properties with which the dead Emperor had been enabled to produce his com- ody. Tho next morning all the world knew all sbout theinside of Napoleon IIL The royal heart, lungs, liver, kidnoys, spleen, duodenum, slomach, pancress, bowels, even to the remote biliary ducts, were analyzed, dissected, micro- ecoped, and spectroscoped, and exposed to the Baze of the vulgar world. It was asad letting down of ‘royal dignity. What possible raspect can we hiave for an Emperor when we know that, both outwardly andinwardly, he is nobetter then the rest of us, ond, #o far assome of his insides are concorned, nob so good? What becomes of the divinity ,that doth hedge the King when the King's Uver and lights can bo handled with impunity and sent all over the world by telegraph for the ecrutiny of ordinary peoplo? * There is a gleam of comfort for ordi- nary peoplein these facts. It is cheering to Xknow that, although royalty can command evory- thing which can minister to the senses, the pas- sions, and the appetites, atill royaltyis made out of the same stufl astho rest of us. We differ in pame, placo, and circumstances. There are thousands of royal heads which never wear crowns, thousands of royal hands which nover wicld sceptres. The dead Emperor is, after all, 10 beiter than the dead bricklayer. SIR EDWARD SULWER LYTTO!. DY PROFESSOR WILLIAM MATHEWS, OF THOZ UNI- VERSITY OF CHICAGO. Tho life of Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton, who died recently in London at the ago of 67, is & vivid illustfation of the marvels that may bo performed by a man of mero talent, toiling with - indefatigable onergy throngh o long series of years. Ve say talent, for that ho had that only, though in the very highest degree, and wes not, though he narrowly escaped being, & genius, wo think is very clear. Had ho bean such, he wonld not, probably, havo acattered his forces over 0 largo & fild. Instead of lighting up tho whole horizon of thonght, he would have con- densed his sheet-lightning into & few luminous points, or = eingle powerful bolt. Asit was, neither intolloctually or morally was his mind determined with overwhelming force in eny one direction; upon no one subject did his affections centre; and the result was, that whilo ho aston- ished the world by his width of sympathy and variety of mentsl facally, he nover reached tho pinnaclo of exccllence and famo,—tho topmost peak of tho literary Alps,—but only s lofty summit. That ho was a tirsless worker, the ecores of works which he spun from hia brain bear' witoess. Poct, dramatist, novelist, essayist, orator, pamphleteer, and historian, ho -“swung round the entire circle” of Hterary ef~ fort, and won high success in everytbing ho at~ tompted. That ho ghonld have done this in spite of his disadvantages,—tha disadvantages of easo and aflucnce, to which he was born,—isa £iill greater marvel, aud compels the admiration of thoso who would otherwise find it hard to forget his foibles. It is bard to write books when ono is clothed in rags, and leboring to make the pot boil; bat it is harder still, when one is clothed in purpls and fiue linen aud faring sumptuonsly every day. Many a spiritusl giant lics buried under a mountain of gold. To hunt and shoot, eud live in clover,—io frequent clubs and op- eras, and Almack’s, enjoying the van- ety of London sight-seeing, morning calls, and Parlismentary small-talk, during tho eeason, and then off to tho country mansion, - with its well-stocked preserves and itsthonsand Qelightful pleasnres, alternsted with a few months on the Scotch moors, or & run across the Continebt to Venico or Rome,—all this, it has boen truly eaid, is exceedingly attractive; but it is by Do means calculated to make a man “gcorn delights and live laborious delays.” 1t was to his mother, a woman of groat energy and rare accomplishments, that Bulwer was in- debted for the formation and guidance of his literary testes. Her father was a profound gcholar, and the first Hebraist of his day. A favorite book of her on in his childhood was “ Percy's Reliques,” which was the match that fired his geniug, for he wrote some ballads in imitation of it, when only 5 or 6 years old. Ho went to no pablic school, but graduated at Cam- bridgo, whero he compoted successfuily for the ‘prize poem of his year. Better in many respocts than the Univereity education was ¢ the life-cd- ucation,” to use ono of his own terms, which he got in part by wandering over England and Scot- 1and on foot during the long vacation, and afor- +wards by travelling throngh France on horac- back. He began to publish ot the age of two- and-twenty. “Weeds and Wild Flowers,” his first book, was followed by “O'Neil, or the Rebel,” "a Byronian posm minus the Byron. “Falkland,” his first novel, ap- peared noxt year, but foll doad from tho press, being too sentimental even for tho Laura Matildas of tho circulating libraries. It was in “Pelham” that ho first fairly caught tho ear of the world. In this work tho suthor gave what many thought & sympathetic portrait~ ureof o gentloman,—a daady of & superlor or- der, something more than what Cowper calls “a fino puss gentleman, that's all perfame,” but still a worshippor at the chrino of fashion, and ‘moro carefal about the cut of his coat and the etylo of hia whiskers than about the furnishing of his brains. The book hss many clever epi- grams sod some powerfal passages,—s for, such es Tyrrel's death-sceae, thal are, artistic- elly finishod,—and, though thallow as a whole, ghowed that thore was power in tho author. In *“Paul Clifford,” with ita skilfully-woven plot, anovel which was' fiercely lashed by tho moralists, Bulwer took o somewhat higher flight; but ovea yet his wings were not fairly fledged. It was in * Eugene Aram” that he first showed the moettle that was in him ; it was the first dis- tinct print of the Lion's foot. Being early intor- ested in the story of his hero, he set to work to collect the particalars of his life, and these ho ‘wove into the powerful and fascinating romance sbove pamed. In this story hehas aimed to show .what strange influences sometimes chequer the web of life; how a mind essentially noble, by devisting by an al- ‘most imperceptible angle from the path of vir- tae, may be gradually lured on ill it is hopeless- Iy entangled in the meshes of sin. *Gbsta prin- cipiis—resist begianings,” is tho moral which it preaches with fearfal emphasis in every page. “Do not dally with sin, or listen to the faintcst suggestions of .tho tompter ; and Tely upon it that, with whatever sccrecy yon may Commit & crime, thero is an avenging Fury trecking the Llood-stained, which, sooner or later, will drag him snd his sin to the light. Some critics have objected to the psychological trutifalness of Eugeno Arem’s portrait. Is it possible, they have esked, for a man to be betrayed into a dread- +ful crime at the very moment whea he is foll cf ardor for truth and virtue? . Can & man harbor in his bosom a houseliold devil in the shape'of & conscioneness of Leing & murdecer, withoat the whole mental atmosphere being mads foul and poisonous? Those who ask these questions the blow which caused the death, 'and found, doubtless, in ihis, & plensi- o resson for bis- own self-justification. They forget that, morally as woll as physically, Wo are “fearfully and worderfally made;" that his instincts to be ovormastered by his intellect, —his. belter feelings to be choatcd by the casuistries of the brain,—~thers is ro inconsistency of which he msy nob be guilty,—no deed of horror which he may not commit. The femals charncters in this work are regarded by Balwer's ‘2dmirers as master- pleces of portraiture. 2 . In “Alice” and “Trnest Mzltravers” we bhavo soma exquisite’ portraitures of character, especizlly of femals loveliness; and wo well re- momber. the almost breathless interest with which the inveteraie novel-readers of onr younger days hung ‘over the pages of tho latter romance. Just before these appearcd *The Last Days of Pompeii,” and *Rienzi,” two of Bulwer's most powerfal historical nov- els, and, gome 6oven years later, * Tho Last of the Rarons,” which somo critics have pronounced intolersbly tedicus ead heavy; otlers one of tho most brilliant works of its class that ever was written. “Zanoni” sad #Night and. Morning,” two of his purest and most imaginative fictions, added to his fume; butitisin “My Novel” and ““Tho Caxtous”. that his genius takes its grandest flight, winging ita way almost to the highost hoaven of inven- tion. In thesd productions. tho author *pnts forth all his strength ; they are tho final devel- opment of his powers, the “ bright, consummate flower” of all his faculties, the product of his genius in its happiest mood. They are maried throughont by that calmness which indicates the greatest strength, that simplicity and repose which are always found in a perfect style. If tley dazzle and astonish less than some of the suthor’s other efforts, they are infinitely more pleasing ; and, if they do not zboand in rapid edventures, or quicken tho pulse with thrilling situations, culminating poinis of passion,-and romantic interest, they, novertheless, idealizo common life, transfigure lowly persons and ob- jects, and show the postic beauty s well as the sonl of goodness which are to be found iu tho middlo classes of socioty. Among the most beautiful passages in “The Caxtons” arc-tho allusions to Robert Hall, and to the benign influ- enco of Christianity in soothing thg sorrows of ‘mankind,~allusions which .have opened to Bul- wer's genius the door of many a hoart that had been obstinately closed to it before, 01 Bulwor, as a novelist, it most be seid that, on the whole, ho hardly ranksin the very first | class. Mfinute and acute inobservation, possess- ing the rarest powors of description' and . char- acterization, and exhibiting a versatility that is absolutely marvellons, ko bas talent rather than genins ; and rurely, oven when ho works his: most potent spells, affects us like Scott and Dickens. Heraroly takes onr. broath awhy, as wo follow his caglo flights, or makes tho cord- sge of our heart to crack, liko the great necromancers of English fiction. He'is analyti- cal rather than impulsive ; claborate and” cir- cuitous rather than diroct and concentrating. He has more fancy then imagination, moro head then heart, and works by rule rather than from instinet. "A consummate artist, he pro- duces his effects by repeated touches, never by & few mastorly strokes of tho poncil; and the constant succession of minnte details at last wearies the eye and palls on tho-mind. The wworkmanship excels the stufl ; it i3 rather me- chanic work than creation ; and ths reader fealy that there is more power and true philosophy of life in ono frosl, vigorous, and strongly-drawn scene of Fielding or Bcott, than in whole libra- riesof Pelhams end Peul Cliffords, where tho_, art, however grent, is not subtle enough to con- ceal the artist. - Had Bulwer dramatic genins? Only in s moderate degreo, if wohave correctly analyzed his mental qualitics. Besides the disqualifications alrexdy hinted of, he is too aristocratic in his tastes, has too littlo sympathy with humanity when rough and unpolished, to excel in dramatic writing. The men and women he loves to paint are ideal, ‘not the flesh-and-blood men and women we brush sgainst in tho streets. Yot “Richelien,” in which facready used to per- sonsto the Cardinal, is full of plot, fire, aad energy; and it will ba long before * The Lady of Lyons,” with all its absurdities, will loso its hold on the stage. s ‘Was Balwer an orator? That depends upon oar definition of oratory. If-by it is meant that rapturons onthueissm. that burning passion, that * farions pride and joy of the sonl,” whizh calls up 4l the imagination of tho speaker, and makes his rhetoric become s whirlivind and his logic fire,—then Bulwer was not an orator. Of the inspiration that prompted Chathsm’s indig- nant burst in reply to the Duka of Richmond, Tharlow's scathing answer to the Dake of Gratton, Grattan's - overwhelring denunciation of Flood, or Erskine’s sublimo apostrophe on the trial of Stockdale, when he spoke of the *sav- ago” in terms go startling and- triumphant,— Balwer has hardly s epark. But if by oratory is meant simply the power of make ing an earnest, lively, polished, and interesting specch, all of ingenious tarns and shrewd sense, then Bulwer was an orator, as his well-known speeches befora the Edinbargh Oniversity and st Leeds bundantly show. -Entering Parlis- ‘ment eatly, ho speedily got the car of the House, in spite of a weak voice, a ratker florid style, and a certain appearance of fastidious nicety in drees which by no means accords with the notions of that essembly. On the platform his sppearanco was, on the whole, in his favor. Tall, spare, and attennated, ha presented a fino head and face, of ‘which a Iong, aquiline nose and a broad, retreat- ing forehead wero the most marked choracter- istics. The former featuro was truly Dantean ia length and shape,—such a sign-past as Na- poleon would havo gloried in. If, a3 somo ‘men think, extraordinary strength and persist- ®once of offort are indicated by an elophantine ~proboscis, then Balwer must bave been a re- markable man. His action in speaking is said to hiave been good, but not pesfect. Somotimes it was & littlo * wild,” as when ho drew back his head and slim body, and extended his arms a la. Canon Liddon, of St. Paul's, making his hearors nervously fearfal lest he should lose his balance and turn a back somerset. Tor Isck -of space, wo have said nothing of Bulwer's historios. ‘ Mis vivid, scholerly, and well-studied * Athens, Its Rise and Fail,” shows that had he concentrated hia powers upon some great perioa, of history, he might have produced a masterpieca worthy to rank with tho polished productions of Humo and Macanlay. . ° ¥ Tt has long been the fashion in ome circles to sneer a{ Bulwer Lytton caa bundle of affectations, amere dileltante.” * His soul,” saya an enemy, “is not bravo. enough for truth.” The truth probably is, that, es an apologist has suggested, he wes brave cnough to face any truth, but his policy-held check upon his sonl. He know what & strong; bull-hesded thing the world is,and ho loved popularity too well to risk having it trom- pled down by hoofs. N. P. Willis, in his “ Pon- cillings,” eays of him: “I iiked his manners extremely. He ran up to Lady Blessington with the joyous heartiness of a boy let out of ackool; and the * How d'yo, Balwer, went round, a3 ho chook hands w: everybody, in .the stjle of welcome usnally given to tho * best fellow in the world.’ . . . . I can imagine no etyleof con- veraation calcalated to be more sgreeable than Bulwer's. Gey,. quick, various, half-satirical, and alwaya fresh and different from everybody clze.” A . . Like Milton, Goethe, and many othes suthoss, Bulwer cirangoly mistook his strongest points, =nd get the hughest value on his poorest worke, #T have elwoys found,™ ke says, *that one is never g0 successful 23 when ore is least ean- guine. I foll into tho dsepest dospondency aont * Pompeii’ and ‘Engene Aram,’ and iy » By, presumptuons, sbout ‘ Dovare: forget that Eugene Aram did not strike | when man ¢rusts to bis reason alone, and suffers- which 1s tho- leaat writings.” The grand lesson to be léarned from this car. gory glanco at Bulwer's life and writings is tha precious valuo of persistency of eifort,—tho oply Ievor by which genins or talent can move thy world. Indced, 80 per cent of what men call genius is extraordizary sptness for siudy, appli. . cation, toil,—only the other 10 per cent is the fancied power of doing {thinga withoat foil, Bulwer worked his way to distinotion,—workod it through' falure, encers, and ridicule. Thay - nimblencss of the pen, -which eaablod khim to desh of a volume every vear, was acquired only by loag and arduons effort and study. Writing at first slovly cud with great dificulty, ho re. solved, wo are told, to mastar tho stabborn in- strument of thought, and mastered it. . Some of his essays,—and what caa be more. exquisite than thoee of “ Caxloniana."—wererowritten ot lenst nirieor ten times. Behold therestlts of hisindus. try—over serenty volumes, or more than one for evary year of hia life, and many of these upon subjects exacting long and carefal researchi . And how many hours, think you, he devoted to study—to reading and writing—to accomplish theso prodigious results? Not more, be tells us, than three Lours s day; and, when Parlia. ment was sitting, less than that. “Butthen, he 2dds, and this is tho lesson, perhaps, which bis lifo, sounds in the cawm of all literary 1aborers, “during those hours, I have given my whole allention to what I 1cas about.” —_— The National Gazette, which is the organ of the.National Liberal party in Prussis, nrges tuat, while Bismerck romains Minister of For. eign Affairs for Prussis, ke should also hold a predominant position as Chancellor in what con. cerns the bigher politics—in ofher words, that he shonld still continue to exert s prepomderant influence on Prussian politics, In defence of ita poeition it cites the caso of Princa von Har. denberg, who, in 1810, was mado State Chancel. lor, and, by virtue of his position. was crpow. éfed to preside in that capacity over the general reorganization of Prussia. ®Ths Conservativa papers, on the other hand, still beliove ang nagert that the relinquishment of the Presideccy of the Council by Biemarck will result in thg sbandcoment of the measures for regulating tho relations of Church and State. —pe= el On Saturdsy we published the fact thata st hed been instituted in the United States Circnis Court of Jinnesots, which involves various questions tonching obligations of railcoads. As long ago as 1853, the Minnesots & Pacific Rail . road Company received certain Iinds from Cont gress, and thereafter mortgaged these lands to secure the payment of certain bonds. Subsc- quently, the Company and all its property and fracchises was merged in other compantes, and finally in the Northern Pacific Railrosd Compazy, , All these: companies lmve issued bonds sad . mortgaged the lands. The holders of the boada of the original Compeny bring suit.to onforca what they claim to have been a first mortgage in their favor. ——— The long-contested case of the county seat of Enox County has been determired at Iast, sad the official appurtentnces of the county hasobeen transferred and removed from Enoxville to Galesburg. The people of the latter town hata celebrated tho event with enchusisem. The fight has ‘been long and bittar, snd may now bs cousidered settled until some other town in the county ghall outgrow Galesburg, end shall out- vote her upon the most perplexing and violoa of all -questions, the location of the county seat. A ¢ generally popular of my-~ LI S —— The Faeaded Loan. £ PROSPECTTS. Threo hundred million dollars United Btates & per cent tunded loan. Principal redecmable at par after the latof My, 1881, in United States gold coin of thepres- ent standard, interest pevable quarterly in United States gold coin, aud both principal and intarest axempt fram taxation, whether Federal, Stale, ‘municipal, or local authority: s suthorized by acts of Congress, approved July 14, 1670, and . January 20, 1871 Tho procecds of these bonds are fo be applied to tho' redethption aud cancellation of the - United States five-twenty bonds, as provided in said acts, ) P The Secrotary, of the Treasury having -cons cluded with Messrs. Juy Cooko & Co., repre-" ‘scnting Messrs. N. M. Bothschills & Sons, Jay .Cooke, McCulloch & - Co., and them- selves, and Mesers. Morton, Bliss & Co., and Drexel, Morgan &:Co., rcpresenting Messre. Baring Bros. & Co., J. 8. Morgen & Co., Morton, Rose & Co., and thomaclves, & contract for tha negotiation of tho romaining 5 per cent bonds of the funded losn of the United BStates, tke un- dersigned are prepared to receive applications at per and accrued 1nterest for any part of 9300, 000,000 Tnited States *‘fives” of 1831, issued under the acts of Congress above mentioned. Applications may be mado payable either in cash in gold or in five-twenty bonds of any issuo; in tho latter case being adjusted to ° Feb. 1. . The bonds now offered are 2ll that remain of the £500,000,000 5 per cents authorized by Con- - gress, and it is hardly necossary to suy that the ‘combination entrusted with the management of this negotiation embraces connections in Earops and America, which practically insure the placing © of the cntire amount, and the redemption of three bundred millions of fAve-twenty bonds, after which only 43§ and 4 per’ cent bonds will remain for hiclders of five-twenties dgclining this . 1ast opportunity to exchange for 5 per cents. The coupon bonds are in denomination of $50, 2100, 2500, £1,000, £5,000, and $10,000. The registered. bonds are in like amounts, with the addition of the denominatioms of $20,000 and £50,000. Interest, payabla quarterly, will com- mencs from the 1st February, the first interest -payment being May 1, 1873. The bonds may, . at the option of the holder, be registered, and .- United States Treasury checks) for the interest thereon, will be sent from “Washington to the Post Offico addross of the holder in any partot -, America or Europe. ; * Applications will be received at the office of cither of the undersigned, and musi be accom- - penicd by tho required doposit. - e Payment in gold will bo mado as follows s Five per cent on application. Five per cent on allotmeont. 3 TForty per cent oz May 1. e Fifty per tent on June 1. . 4 + When preferred, the deposit upon application may be made in currency or aoy United Stofes bonds, " Interest at 5 per cent gold per annum'~ will be added from Feb. 1 to the date of the ssv- | ezal‘payments. Payments in five-twenties will | o mado by exchanging boad for bond, interest : being adjusted to Feb. 1. The preliminary de« posit of 5 per cent in such cases will be rotarned . on receipt of the five-twentics, the classof _which must be specified in the application. The books for applications will be opened sim= ultaneously in Enrope and America on the 4th inst., and will remain open until the evening of the Tth inat., and tke allotments will be made & s0on as possible thereafter, Provisional reccipts, ecrip, will bo given fof the deposits. The bonds will be farniched ll' o early a daté as practicable againat corresponding amonnta’ of - five-twenty bonds, as payment. i1 full. - Eliculd tho allotment of bonds not aqusl the subscriptions, the preliminary deposit i7 each case will be returned- forthwith to theex+ tent of the excess. e * When desired, we will farnish the coin with- . out commiseion, and ko settlement in care rexicy, and will aleo receivesat current markal - price any bonds of the United BStates other thad five-twenties. ¥ (Bignea) Jax.Cooxe & Co., AfonToY, Briss & Co. Drexer, Morass & Co. Ncw Yozx, Feb. 1, 1873, Applications will 2lso be received by Mesars- Lunt, Preston & Kean, Chicage, from whom the forms may be procured. ¢ . et e e, e e e . ] 1 I ! s AR '