Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 27, 1873, Page 8

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBU THE DAIRY.. Northwestern Dairymen's Associa= tion. Closing Proceedings--The Dairy Cow--Butter and Checso = Making and Mar- ;- keting. From Our Oten Correspondent, Map1gox, Wis,, Jan, 25, 1873, Tolegraphic deapatchos Lept your readors in- formed of tho proceedings of tho Northwostorn Dalrymen's Annual Mooting, at Whitewator, Wie. Delayed traing so intorrupted mail connoe- tions that dotails of tho laticr part of Lho meat- ing could not promptiy reach you. b “ THE DAIRY COW—DREEDS, DIEEDING, AND MAN- . AGEMENT,” was the subject of an oxcoedingly valusblo ad- drosa by Professor Milos, who bas had chargo of small hords of 8hort Morns, Dovons, Ayroshires, and Gallownys for sevoral yoars past. Com- moncing with o strong illustration of tho im-. portance of improving our 10,000,000 cows jo tho United Btates, by calling atton- tion to the fact that, whilo the aver- ago osnnual yield of milk por cow in the Nortlwost was aaid to bo not moro than 2,530 pounds por cow, one dniryman in Now York had socurod a yiold of noarly 8,000 pounds por cow, ho called aitontion to tho fact that two opposite characteristics cannot be developed at the samo timo. It milking quelitios are Inrgely doveloped, somo other quality will fail. Difforent broeds of cattle illus- trato this, 88 we find ono breed well adapted for ono purposo, aunother sulted to & differont purpose. The dairymon will find that cow bost which gives the largost amount of pro-. duct for food consumed. It is no recommenda~ tion that o cow eats littlo; a cow that estan 1argo amount and gives & lurge return s what is wantod, as tho cow is but a machine for convert- Aog tho raw matorial into milk, Itis also desir ablo to have a cow that will fat readily when it is desired to dispose of her. A breed of animals isa family which has been bred with roference %0 ono or moroe characteristics until they aro fixed and will bo reproduced with certainty. A so-called * native" cow may bo o fine cow, but is not 70 cortain to reproduce hor good qualitios. In breeding, wo must set up our idesl, and brood as moar it as possible. The valuo of & pedigreo is simply that it furnishes vvidonco what the ancestry of the snimal was. We must be sure tho pedigree is a truc one, and that it ia completo. Not only should good char- soteristios -bo bred im, Dbut unde- eirable omes must bo bred out, In-and-In breeding tonds to firmly fix tho char- acteriatics of the animals. A dangerous practico, whero followed blindly, it is also, in skilful hands, a very good plan. A bull should bo se- Yeoted from tho best milking family obtainable, and ho may boe bred to his own calves, if ho bo sound and have no defects to bo perpotuated. Theao are but a few of mz\n{ oints in tho nd- dress, which closed with brief roforonces fo sovernl breads, and & dogeriprion of tho Ayro- ehires, thought to bo the bost breod for ‘the dairymon of the West. This is a.-modern‘broed, and some are much bettor than others. The ‘more rocent importations are bettor than thoss made many years ago, and now it is believed that thero arn botter Ayroshires in America than in Scotland. Mr, John H. Cornwoll, an oxporienced dairy- man, gave the following description of 4 A GOOD DAIIY COW : Long from the eye to the noso: with Mttle flesh; mouth broad ; face with ‘mild exprossion } smooth, waxy horn; nock thin nud a little drooping from tho shoulders ; withers springing above tho shoulder ; large heart-placo j the riba inaking & wudgo-shlgm to thohip?nint; straight from hip-jolnt to drop of toil, then 'dropping straight ; hollow thigs, to giva room for tho full udder ; udder Iying woll forward on the ab- domen ; belly atraight. . There was littlo that was now developed as to DUTTER MAKING, - The comparative merits of deep and shallow for sotting millk aronot yot sottled. An &tarutl.ng {A)zur from Mr. Boics, of Marengo, J11., stating that an offer of 40 conts por pound for. all his factory could make for noxi throo months, suggests whether fhe establishment of more butter factorios is not advisablo. A8 TO GARE OF MILE AND MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE, ood advico was roported. RMr. Hazen, of Lo~ ogs, Wis., proprietor of the largest cheeso fac- tory in the West, whilo beliovin, York cheese generally is botter than that of the ‘West, also bolioves that in tho Northwost some cheoso ia made that equals any in tho East. Mr. H. does not color his checse at all, and finds no difficulty in making sales in Now York markets on this account. .- ‘Mr, Wilder, of Evanaville, Wis., called atten- tion to a morious evil in many ceses,—that of building factories so near fogoether that but a small number of cows could bo Lad for each. Ho also ntrongl{ rocommended having the milk carried to the factory by a few porsons, the gntrons paying thom for “this work. He thinks armers genorally groatly over-estimato tho valuo of whoy for fooding purposes, his experi- enco showing him it is worth very littlo. A young lady presont olaimed that sho had dis- oovered a process by which amuch emaller amount of renctnoed bo used than is com- monly dono, ‘The procoss wag not made publio, and its value cannot bo detormined. The quostion of DEST METHODS OF MARKETING DAIRY PRODUCTS was disoussod ab longth, Tetters from dealors in New York, Boston, and Chicago wero rend. Tho Eastern dealers spoke of the rapid improvo- mentin the cheracter of Northwestorn dairy products, D. W. Lowis, of Now York, encoursged tho building ' up of the repu- tation of tho produots of each rogion and of each factory, so far as posslble, and thought buttor onght to share tho advanfagos choese has roceived from the factory system. | Hon. J. P, Reynolds, of Ohicago, recommonded regular sales-days ab conveniont points, as the best modo of making snlos, and, nox} to this, consl'.gumontn to responsible commission mor- nnts. The paper of 'W. D. Hoard, Lake Mills, Wis., was an elaborate argument in favor of being propared to sond chocae into foreign markets when this should scem advisable, and spoke strongly of tho dluudvnum{;un of shipping to Chiv:n%a commission mon, He thought the fact that at least 20 car-loads of cheese yoro shippod from Wisconsin to New York or England.at a critical timo in the market last summer, had done much to prevent a bad break in tho mar- kot. Ho also thought all choose mado before Beptember should bs Frumpfly sold. Figures were given showing iho low rates at which sheese had been shipped from England,—about [ Y fller hundred pounds from Watertown, Wis, r. Elh;moé of Elgin, Ill., ronds papor strongly sdvocating tho encouragomont of home maikots, —those in tho Northwest, West, and Bouthwest ; snd deolaring that tho practice of sending the bost chieeso to foreign murkets tonded to keop down the roputation and consumption of chooss n_fic]zmu. i e romarks of Professor Welch, of Chic concerning the absoluto f 289 DECREABL OF CHEESE-EATING in nome places in the Northwsat, while other ar- tioles huldln‘;.: about the snwo general rank,were n‘fld.(y coming .into general favor, and mlio pointing out thefact thatchaoso is high in price compared with many articles of food, wore per- tinent and worth tl lukh.‘lfi about by dairymen, —showing, a8 thoy do, that thero “is no over: supply of the cheoao matkots of the Northwest, Tho same pointy wore illuatrated inthe Bocre- tary's report. WIBCONSIN DAIRYMEN'S ASBOOIATION, Tho maoting passed fow resolutions. Among them was one asking all Dairy Boards of ‘I'rado, and thoss thinking of organizing such Boards, to vend delegatos to Watertown, Wis,, Feb. 11, st which time the Wiaconsin Dairymen's Associ~ atlon lolds its annual moeting, to arrango upon #ome general plan of action. ADMIBSION FEE, The fact that, of the large number attondin, tho Couvontlon, 'less than 100 paid the annua) membership feo, leads to & chango for the future,~a rosolutlon boing passed that, at tho next meeting, an admission foo bo charged, ox- :;p"i,lon crl.;t;o:ndm;mbfilw. ladies, ro; rosentatives J amiliex ontor Itis [t)o Lo rogrottod that tortatulng mombery, A LARGEWL EXRIDITIO of buttor, chooso, and dairy np'ur:tuu cannot be socured at thoso moetings. Thero woro good specimens, but only in small numbor, the meeting was v:nry‘ul:vc'é‘gg ul, with that of Iast {flll’, perhapa the mout notico- able featurs was tho number of apors read by o, fostoad of the interosting, but often As contrasted rambling, discourcos Which .were tho prinolpal foaturo n yoar sinco. Moro time conld hava boon profitably spont in discussing ench tople, Tho tw“ml prosporily of dnirymen wns shown by ho universnl good nature, The oitizons of Whitowator wore hospitable to n marked dogroo. ——— THE FARM AND GARDEN. The Present Mannor of Denling in Agriculturnl N¥mploments,* from o Farmor's Standpoint==Who'Shnll Be tho Middlenen«Purchasing Agonts w=II0W Goods Aro Sold in the Clty== How Plowhnndlo & Wlarrow Soll GoodsaeWhat DNMust and Will Be Dones From Our Agriculturat Correspondent. ORAMPATGN, 11, San, 25, 1873, The mannor of denling in agrionltural implo- monts ia cortainly opon to objoction, and just now {8 boing met with decided opposition from tho Farmors' Clubsand the Patrons of Husban- ‘dry. Thereenan bo no question that tho mann- faclurors will bo compelled to change tho presont syatom to ono more in accord with tho gonoral manner of transncting commercinl businoss. Tho systom mow in voguo might havo beon woll enough, perhaps, in tho earlier stagos of tho businoss; bub tho business lins now out- grownthe old systom. Considorablo was eaid on this subjoct at the Farmors' Convention, but no vory well dofined plan wae proposed to satlsfy tho popular demand. That wo BIUST UAVE MIDDLEMEN to handlo theso implements, appeared to be fully congodod. Now, tho question is, shall theso middlemmon boe the local imploment and seed doalers, or shiall thoy bo tho purchasing agents of o Farmors' Club or Grango of tho Patrons of Hnsbandry ? At prosont, the systom is to sell through local agonts, who ave allowed o cortain porcont on the sales, or who purchaso at n stipulated price, ot fixod poriods of payment. In this caso the man* ufacturer agrees nob to noll to othor partles within »- stipulatod district, thus giving [tho Tocal dealor o monopoly for the sale of the gooda in question. It would appear that tho leading menufactur- or8 of agricaltural implemonts have adopted {ois systom, and ngrood upon s tariff of prices, thus compolling the farmor to purchase through these porties, at such ' prices ssmay be domanded. That s o very nico sya- tom, and ono that ehould koop up the pricos of implements to o paying point, at all events. But there appear to be somo objoctions to it on the part of that large number of pooplo who have to uso this class of goods. ‘Undor this system, I con buy a plow for tho samo money at Ohampaign asIean buy at Ghica~ 80, Molino, or Dixon,and yot tho local dealor must that the New' have o proflt of from 25 to 85 per cont. Tho manufacturer, in ordor to protect himself, as ho calls it, must keop up fictitious prices at the shop, and theso prices aro also based on o long credit, and also to covor the expense of runnors, bookkeepers, ete. Thus we may put the cost o solling at not less than 40, if not 50, per cent of tho cost. I am awaro that noarly it not all of the manu- facturors have directod their ngonts tosoll to the Farmors' Clubs at o aiscount for cash, while they refuse to deal with them diract. PUNCUASING AGENTS. We will firat consider the plan of solling to all parties, at cortain fixed prices for cash or its equivalont, and that tho purchasing agont of & club may attend to tho bueincss, Iarmor A orders n Wood's reapor and Farmer B & Kirby. "They procuro the implements at the manufuotur- ers' sgency in Ohicago, at the rogular whole- salo rato, and 8§ por cont commlssion to the lxogt and freight added, Aftter o fow days' uso, a pi nfon is worn out, aud & now ono mustbs tolographod for at Chicago, and sont forward by oxpross. Those eoxponsos, togothor with the delay, are rather annoying, and, in tho ong, will {rovo to be vory objectionable. 8o woe see that hero is more” than tho purchaspof the im- lements to be comsidersd, Tho fact s, this pm{nsnd systom of & pur- chasing agon on & grand plen i s great delusion, and ~will loso its valus whon, peopls psy & littlo moro ottention to ‘the dotails of bugincss. Thus is a branch of education that the farmor has noglected too long, and {tis timo that ho now ive it hia specinl attention, as by it he solves 0 mystory of tho purohuhif powar of & dollar, The general syatem of doaliig with tho farm- er i8 a vicious one, and yot it {8 one for him to roform, We must bavo stooks of goods in all of our towns, from which to draw our_ supplics from day to day, as we nood thom ; and among thedo iarequired & stock of all the standard im- plemonts and seods for the farm, tho orchard, and tho gardon. In short, wo cannot do without THE IMPLEMENT AND SEED STORES, 10 more than e can those of dry goods, hard- ware, or other lings of goods for which there is o d.ilz domand. Tho question mny be asked: Is it advisablo to change this systom, to broak down and drive out this class of mon, snd appoint in their place a purchasing agent, for whoso acts the Club s responsible think not. Tf thoro are defects o systom, lot us ocorrect thom, and this mako it more porfeot, more_in accordance with tho laws of commorce, and not & power that shall act a8 & monopoly to”enrich tho dealor at the exponso of the manufscturcr or consumor. TIUS BPEOIAL AGENOY business is tho great drawback to trade, and just what has made tho presént modo of doaling agrioultural implomenta distasteful to tho rural population. It is o sort of ring monopoly that shuts out comPu!ifion, and to that oxtent enhancos tho price of this ¢lass of goods, the gamo general Iaws that govern all other commercinl transactions. Manufacturors sell their goods to jobbors, or give thom a porcont- age for storing and distributing their goodas to the local doalers or tothe consumor. Tho pricoa are fixed, and, as a goneral thing, at lenst 1n all leading articlos, nm({mbllshud from day to day, and tho world is advised of thoir value, When a porson stops into one of theso jobbin, honaes, ho ig not asked if ho ls o dealor'in thal line of goods, or momber of any partioular church, gociety, or Farmors' Olub, All that is ro- uired to gof tho goods ot the markot rates is tho cash in hand, or such a crodit as shall be ils oquivalont. Tho jobber is wholly indifforont to the fact whother the goods are purchased for ro- sale, or for diract consumption. All that he de- mands is, that tho purchaser take cortain quan- titios as_ stipulated in tho market-quotations, whether by the picco, box, balo, orother package, and pays thorefor, LoW 000DS ARE ROLD. A member of tho Savoy Farmors' Olub may walk into & Chicago wholesalo grocery houso and ordor n hox of sugar, a box of soap, & sack of coffee, or uthior goods, without tho donlor suying to him, *“8ir, I am eupplying Jobn Bmith, morchant at Bavoy, with theso goods, and I can- not interfere with his businoss, as he has the exclueivo privilogo of sellin thoso goods from my house at that place,” But, hotakes your ahould havo to allow bl tlmmih you hiad purohinsed of him diroct, and it would kum, where we been most happy to accommodato you," order, presents you the bill, which is paid ; you givo directions for shipping, and he kindly in- vites you to call again, or end your order Wwith cash Inclosed. It would bo & protty iden if one had totalte n certificato of charaotor with him when ho visited tho city or other placos of trado, when ho bad the cash to lay down for his goods, The man who has oredit to offer, mustneoda havo roforence. JIn the purchase of imploments, this whole system is changed, and the great firm of Ploy- bandle & Harrow will only soll to, or through, the local agent, and thus compel thoir would-ba customer to put up with tho oxtortion of the local agont. Lot us seo how this works: Mr. Farmer would liko to purchaso of first hands, and he calls at tho oflice of Mosers. Plowhandle & Harrow, Mr. Farmer—* I have oalled to look over your goods with & viow to purohasing.” P, & H—Happy to soo you, alr; will take loasuro in showing yoi fim sl g you our goody, and horo i veee $2000 For1 walking oultivator,.,. For 8 walklugsultivators, aici .00 Pofi%fl}fl%&% i;\:fign, by car-load, discount of 10 'armer—*‘ floro is 820, You nu})zl:t;a‘r to“(z’ory Bér‘ltltt‘m.” may ship the Y . —* Cory Btation. Bookkeaper, t1 Cory Biation, and ke01£ W6 Ly uh sxent Lhors § it x‘mt, tako the money and ship the goods,” o The bookkeepor roports at Cory Btatlon, ialrf:; \Vé;::]lée, n%ont-—-tl mi!oém of cultivatora —=olls for £35 on § months; Aulxl 12‘ }“-';,B he; intorost 10 por cont, >, ,—‘Borry, Mr, Farmor, that acoommodate yn;’fimh tho fnot iy lyo‘:\: f::‘vfigf man, our sgont, Mr, Wight, has thio oxclusiva agoncy st your place, and is entitled to his com- mission, and if we sell you this oultivator we m tho sume profit as tend to domoralizo bis trade and lossen his rofits, Borry, very sorry; bub wo must decline o ahip you the goods, Had you resided et Bun~ ave no agent, we should Laye And o the trado was broken off; but Mr, 7., soting on tho Inst hint, inclosed $26 in a lottor to Mogara, P. %% IL., andraquestod them to ship ono of thelr _ walking-oultfvators to his nddrons, Bunkum Biation, and, on roturning home, or- dorod tho cultivator to be forwarded to him at Cory Btation. At this, Mr, Wight was in high dudgoon, but it was ono of tEn!n things that Mosara, £, & L could not control, for how could thoy bo supposod to know that M, Farmor did not reside at Bunkum, outsido of tho_oxolusive diatriot of Mr. Wight, or that he would forward tho cultivator to Oory Station? Of courss not. Dut there aro somo fow manufacturers who aro anxlous to_introduce thelr implomouts through tho ordinary channels of, trade, eand theso mon will soon supply tho customors of thoso rings of monopoliats, ‘and thus, in time, this mode of donling MUST GIVE AWAY. Until that timo comos, wo may rosort to s Fumlmslng agont, srho will como into competi- fon with the local dealer or agent as a doalor Liimaolf,—for, aftor all, ho is buta donler solected as o qa-\mtwauu or agent to supiply tho domands of trado. In ordinary trado, it is sald that ono man's monoy is na good a8 anothor'a; but, In tho pur- ohano of imploments, it in not so,—for, it the consumor wishas to purchago direct, and thun be his own :%om, lie is mot by the middlomon with a patont that givos him the priviloge of oxactin; & largo toll. It is this stato of 5.\1\:5! ngnlnu‘i ‘which the farmora are just now in the not of ro- bellion and that THEY WILL SUCCEED, * is protty ovident. By housing and repalring their old implomonts, thoy may bridge over a wholo year without making a single purchase. Lot thoso who Lavo implomonts to spare hire them out to thoir neighbora who have nono, at & roasonable rate por day. Thoro are more corn- plantora among farmors to-day than will suflice to Slnnz tho next crop of corn, and 80 of plows and othor implomonts; and, aven, if thorois a small nhofl.nfio, thero are plont; of good impla~ nients to bo had for cash in hand to mako up the doficlencics, ‘Wo noed have no quarrel with tho manufac- turors {n rogard to this monopnli of trade, st loast, not until we have given them a full year for rofloction, and tho doalors timo to organizo on the samo basis na_thoso_who doal in othor wares and 1horchandivo: DBuy of whom tho; Ylaun, and soll to whom thoy can. When that 8 done, there will bo A MEALTHY COMPETITION, and, if thero is any favor, it will bo to the ono who i the bost pay,—the man who comes cash hand, That wo ought to be anr lied through tha rog- ular channels of trade, with not only the implo- monta, but'the ropsirs for tho same, is cortain, Iwould not purchase & cook-stove mado at & distant foundry, unless tho dealer assured me that ho would keop extra firo-backs and piocos with which to renow the woar, as to do othor- wiso would be the height of folly, and compol me to purchaso a new ntove annually, or to be at & groat oxpenso for now pattorns and castingsy ond tho samo rule holda in rogard to almost every implemont that wo use, It is thus appn- ront that the local dealer can, if he will, be moro usofal than tho purchasing agont, as it is to his intorest to keop such & su&»ply of goods on hnnd 28 his oustomors may noed. RurAL, ‘This trado must sooner or Iator come under’ DEFECTIVE BUILDING. To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune s Bir: Porhaps thero is no question put to builders so ofton as, What makes tho plaster crack somuch? And tho answor will depend, in ‘most cases, upon whather he or another built tho house, If the formor, he shrugs his shouls dors, and fays, The plaster in all frame houses cracks in Chicago; and ho is not far wrong. But if the Iatter, ho takes & spado, digs tho carth away from ono of tho foundation-posts, and, pointing to the blocking & few inchos bolow the surface, gives tho inquirer to understand that tho post has hoaved it, and that it should havo been four foot into the ground, instead of four- tecn inchos, And hois right,—this time withe out a doubt. Uut ho will go off and commit the samo error himself, time and agaln, knowing it to bo wrong, and, at the same time, knowing it remedy, but refusing to incur the additional ox- on8o, bocauso tho ownors do not_know onough 0 insist upon it, or, what is as often the case, arg too mean to pay for having It done. But putting tho foundation bolow tho frost will only y‘m!vnnt tho building from hoaving, not from sinking; and, as it ig customary to put only four square faot of blooking under each post, whother it bo a one-story house or a two- story ono, a cornor post or o middle ong, whora remedy I8 only n partial one, ™ -Anothor ovil ia the putting of a post under the ohimney or chimpeys, for, if tho frost lifts the outer poats, the chlmua{ will appoar to sink, for tho frost will naturally be longer in reaching tho inside post than the others. Or, if thoy are too far into the sruuud for that,the settling of tho building and chimnoy will not correapond with ono another,—breaking the plastor in each caso, 1t is, thoreforo, evident that throo things aro osaentlal ¢ First—That tho foundation should go bolow thu frost. Second—That the bloolflng should cover ground enough to prevent muol sinking, and bo arranged go that tho post with the heavieat woight od it shonld have the widost blooking undorneath. Zhird—That tho ohim should bo independent of tho ground, and sup- ported by tho j‘::lats 1n every caso. Lot us supposo, for inatanco; that we are go= ing to build a two-story houso, 23 by 40. Tor ona of this eize, wo shall want fourteon posts,— ono at each cornor, four for tho ends, and six for the sides. If thoro is a firo-place in the front room, the woight of tho chimnoy will como on tho eill nearly over tho first ;post from ftho corner, and undor this part wo should put block- lng that would covor, eay, 16 square feet. Tho other ohimnoy would como'in tho back partition, and, as_thero is the wel%}.\t of this partition to bo added, the same blocking uhoull;’l bo placed under tho posts whoro.this weight would rest. Under those whera tho front partition rests, 12 square feot would do, and under the remaindor, 9 aquare feot. If tho ordinary jolsta would nol be sufficiont to support such a woight as the back chimnoy, an extra alil'should bo put across, or n number of joists spiked mgazfiar to sup+ port on equal amount, Two or three %nintn should also be placed under tho front partition, which will havo o tondonay to mako tho folding’ doors work bottor. E. HassELL. Ou10a00, dau, H, 1873, —_————— LETTER-BOXES IN STREET-CARS. To the Editor of The Chicago Tribune : : Brn: Tho very ablo lotter of Mayor Medill, which appoared in yestorday's TRIDUXE, in reply to Mr. Orton, on tho subjoct of postal telography, and advocating tho dootrine of providing every possible facility for the transmission of intolli- gonco, induces mo to makon suggestion, through Tae TrinoNe, which would grontly facilitate tho mailing of letters in Chicago, or any othor oity havitig utroot-oare, Lot thoro bo o Qovernmeént lettor-box placed in overy stroot-car in the city, in which lottors may bo doposited at auy Eom along the lind, tho samo being collectod by a Postman at_the ond of theroute, and dospatched to the Post fiice. = With the box so arranged ss to recoive the lottors from the outside of-Lao car, they may bo doposited without atopping it for this purpose. The constant stoppages roquired in taking in and lotting out passongora would afford sufil- clent op ortunity for dopositing lotters, By this method, lettors oz bo sont to the Post Offico from nonrly all parts of tho city, much moro froquontly than now. This is nat intonded to uuguraudn tho present modo of col- lecling by the Postmen, but only to add so much to tho gonoral convenionco, Tlho plan may also - bo oxtended to tho omnibus lincs, ~ The presont practico of collooting tho maila only twice n day, s is tho cage in many of tho residenco parts of the eity, is inadequato to the public nua£ Lottera for the city-delivery, especially, would ronch thetr place of dostiuzllon much ‘soomer Dby the plan proposed. Or71ZEN, Oui0Ago, Jau, 21, 1873, — FARMERS' CONVENTION. Tho undersigned, in complianco with a rosolu- tion pnssod by the Farmers’ Convontlon at Bloomington, horeby request all farmers, me- chnnics, morchants, grain-dealers, or other por- song who aro interested in broaking up tho monopolics of manufacturers, middle-mon, in- side frolght companios, and in obtaining & re- duction of tho oxorbitant frolght and passenger tariffs now emuu,f on our ralironds, to moot in Maas Convention, in Barrott Hall in Ohampaign, on Baturdoy, Fob, 1, 1878, at 10 a, m., for the purposo of oxprosslug views, organizing, and adopting plans for future profection, Farmors' Clubs, Hovticultural Hocletios, and Granges nre Invited to send dologatos, Prominent spoakors have been Invited, No one proteots us, lot us proteot ourselven! J. 1, Beott, 31, To. Aspern, 11, J, Dunlop, L M, larduor, E, laesott, Thowmaa Nolan, J, B, Phinncy, A. 0. Roynolds, John wart, 0, Uowell, A i Y Wowt &, 8 e el tha welght is sometimes half aa much again, tho ' noy” -many plants | uald tha MONDAY, JANUARY 27, 1873. POMOLOGY. Michigan State Pomological So- . clety. Closing Procecdings--Processes of Drying Fruits and Voge= tables. + Tyom Qur Own Correspondents Laxsrxa, Mich,, Jan, 24, 1678, Thuraday's evening meoting of tho State Pom- ologioal Booloty, nt Roprosentatives’ Hall, closed tho throo days' sessions vory profitably and pleasantly. At tho adjournmont of this moeting, tho Rev. -L, B, Potter, Ohairman of the Entor- tainment Committeo, thanked the Boolety for holding its nosslona at Lansing, and jnviting tho - mombors to come sgain, when thoy would find tho haspitable homos of tho citizons ag frocly oponod aa at this session, Profossor Boal responded in hohalf of the Agricultural Collego, oxpressing the gratitudo of all for thess meolings. Tho ovoning was also orlivened with soveral mongs from two honorable members of tho House, Mr. Gordon and Mr. Maraton, DRIED FRUIT. Tho report of the Committes on Drled Frult was prosented by Mr, Wators. Tho Committes stated that Mr. Diotrioh had prosented soveral speoimons of fruit and vogotables preserved by the Aldon process, of which were applos dried in 2 and 23¢ hours, othor frult in proportion. Also, namplen of fruit and vegetahlea prosonted by Mr, Williams, presorved by a process of hig own invontion ; four kinds of apples shown as spooimens, dried in 2% and 23 howurs; Craw- ford ponchos in 4 hours; poara in 19{ hours ; grnun gago and damson plums in 5 hours, ‘The jommitteo hail both those procosses as prom- ising muoh to fruit-producers, as any procoss which proserves the flavor of the fruit, and cheapensitamodo of proservation, gives a world-_ wide market to such produots, A & rosd by Mz, Diottch, of Grand apor was road by MMr. Dief of Gran Raplds dosoribing the Alden process. se fxt ormonently the {lavor and long-keeping quxxlfi ios of tho fruit, convorting in o few hours' time all fruits and vegetablos jnto woll-paying, markotable prodycts. Tho process, 08 describod by him, is briofly this: Machinory nocessary for working tho fac~ tory—~stonm boilors, 8,000 foot of coilad steam- E[pe, within - 8 pneumatie tube 8 feet aquaro by 2 foot in hoight, in which tuboe aro the racks, or bundles, moving upward by an ondloss chain ar- rangement,—the fruit boing put in st the bot- tom of the tube abovo the coiled pipo, whero is found 200 dogroos of heat; tho frult risca a8 it dries, and 18" taken out above; nll tho air in tho uppor part of tho tubo Is kept humid, in & dogros, by tho steam from tho additions of frosh fruit below. A sufliciont draft ig sccured, Tho aaccharine of the fruit ia changod to grapo sugar by this proocess. One pound of ponches proserved by this procoss {a olaimed to be oqual to four of tho canned fruit; tomntoos, ono ponnd equal to ton canned; fifteen pounds diied np- plos oqual to- one barrel of the roen fruit in valuo, Sovoral hundred ushols of fruit are proserved daily by this pro- coss | proving o blessing to the fruit-grower, to tho operator, and td tho consumer, : TUE WILLIAMS PROCESS: Tho claims of Mr. Williams' process—n nety Invontion—woré roproseuted as’ follows: Tho ‘Williama process simply removes tho water con- tainod In Frosh fruit, which is roturned by add- ing wator whon noedod for uso; it presorves the fruit without changing it chemical composition. _In ordinary drying, the chomical combination is changoed by slow docomposition, consuming & portion of its moat arts, Any process, hat produdos = nuoh cliomical breaks ~ tho matural comblumtion, _eud liberates a portion of tho natural flavor, Fruit drlod by this process {8 equalto fresh fruitfor all culinary 5\ oses ; and it gives to the fruit- rower twleo tho profits realized in marketing,— or, by this method, 81 por bushel is realized on his np;l«-ornp. Tho estimnted coat of dryors iy from 9100 to 8300, acdording to sizo, dud'comes within _the reach of “all fruit-growors and farm. ors. The cost of fuel Is from 50 to 76 cents por day ; the cn}:ndt}‘ of odoh dryer is from 12 to 80 bushels of frosh frilt overy 12 hours ;.ond the machines aro so simple in “conetruction thata boy can utnnags thom ; and they in no way con- flict with any othor mothod of fruit-prosorving. BUCH ARE BOME OF THE MERITS of thoso processes ; and all such modos for aiding in securing for futurs usé the porishablo fruity of summor and autumn will bo weloomed by ov- ery farmer and fruit-grower, 48 by such mcana thoy will be protected from odgm 8 in market when the yoars are over-productive, and can turn to good sccount the ovar-ripe fruits of all kinds, ind lesscn in bulk and cost it s olalmed, chango the mony productions which aro fow #o unprofitable “ on account of exponso in marketing, It thero is any one thing domanded by fruit-growors to savo them from roponted failures, it is some mothod of drylng which is l!hplua to individuals and nelghbor- hoods, and within the reach of mon o? small ‘monns. If this mooting of tho Society had accom® plished no other good than has been brought out at this Inst evening’s soasion, it has merited tho thanks of all pomiologiats of tho Btato: THE FEBRUARY MEETING. Arrangomonts aro belng perfeclod to-dny by " tho Exocutive Committoo to render tho Fobru= nr{ meoting, at Battlo Oroek, one of equal injor- est, . THE APIARY, Our Bees Among tho SnowaDrifta—A Day in the Library Among Books and Papers—Introduction of Ntalian Bees—01d Idon in New Dress—Ifoney- Dow Theorrcs, ¥ From Our Own Correspondent, Runuz Hoxz, Iil,, Jan. 29, 1873, OUTSIDE, SUOH A RAGING SNOW-STORM is holding sway as is rarely scen in Contral Illi- nois. **Rural Home" is onveloped by a white, cloud-like vell, that is kept in constant motion by tho -strong east wind, and, as the drifts of ‘snowrise highor and higher sagainst tho build- ings, and portions of the fonce disappear from view, tho ohildron gather sbout ““mothor” to hear again tho accounts of tho great snow- storma that sho has witnossed at theEast. And, viluablo component M thoso of our nativoboss; that the swarme con- siatod of only two kinds of hoes,—workerd and uoons: and that thoy gathored loss honoy than did tho common_blaok boo, but it was of o dellolous quality, and was atored in egg-shaped oavitios, formed of wax, that wore more than hinlf the aiza of hons' ogga. Dut thoso romarka- blo hoos will probably never bo domasticated to any great oxtent in thig country, although thelr stingloss quality would rocommond them to many. . 1t Is supposed that the honoy-gathorors ars of only two specios,—that is, tho honey beo and the humble boo, But, in 1871, there oppesrod in the Prairie Farmer an articlo from the ponof n travoller, doscribing TIGNTEEN DIFFERZNT RINDS of honoy-gathoring inmects pooculiar to tho country of Brazil. "The mative namo of each spocles was given, with a brief skolch of tho insgot and its hioney, Most of them constructod their honey-cells in’ the hollow truuks of. treos, 08 do our nativo boes, whils n fow of thom built racoplaclos fof tholr lionoy bonosth tho ground, '‘Allof thom woro harmless, excopting threo, which wero of o, auniglng clags, Elovon of tha spociea produco eatablo honoy, somo I)ulmi,pnr nounced very oxcellont. Tho honoy, boing rather thin, id usually mixed with farina boforo boing oaton ; and of the wax thoy mako tapors of a yard in longth, which are used ns candles, Yours ago, Blmon Harward, in his Iusbandry of Boes, spoke thus of THEIR MANAGEMENT: “Ringing in the timo of casting is mero fancy; violont handling of thom is simply ovil :i beos, of oll other creatures, love closulincss an caco, and their locper, whom thoy know mny o with them what Lo will without hurt." 3fr. Harward'evidontly held some correct idona con- corning beos ; and it is truo hat thero wero orlods ’fano by whon as much was known about 008 and thelr culture as at the prosont timo, HONEY-DEW. Our boo-journals of recent dato have had much to eny concerning tho source of honoy- dow, thorg_Dboing much difforonco of opinion, which leads to disousstons, and it is hoped that, in tlmo, somothing dofinito may bo arrived at. Now, woe can only compare theorios and continue obsorvations. That itis produced like othor dow, with the differonco that it is givon off from flowors and plants instord of the earth, scoms to bo quite a popular thoory. A writer in 1860, .ontortaining this “"""Y] (uotes from Liebig to provo its corractnoss: '* A surplus of saccharino matter, more than leaf and bud consume, will bo oxudod from tho surfaco of the leaves and back. Certain disonses of troes and plants, tho Bo-called honoy-dew, , are obviously produced by a disproportion in quantity of furnished nitro- on freo, and nitrogon contsining nourishment,” on Liobig continttes the aubject by comparing this to digestion in the human organism, A gontloman of Missouri, writing the same yoar,—1860,—snid that his vicinity was “ono vast flower-gardon, distilling ils sweots during tho heat of tho day, an condanelixig them In tho coolor atmosphoro of the night." o stated that, in the lattor part of June, thero had beon o remarkable and profuse fall of honey-dow. Another Missourion gave in his testimony and theory in regard to the copious fall of this dow. Ho hiad scon tho pralric-grase 8o full of it that it would brush off on one's shoos snd clothing had soen it descond liko fino miat whan viewing it between himself and tho sun ; had found it i the dust of tho rond ; and considered tho theory of ita belng produced by insoots to b porfeotly absurd, as tho quantity was altogether too grent and too puro to bo thua produced. His own thoory wns as follows: That, atthe time of theso bonoy-dews, tho ovoning dews wora very boavy: oud that, lying all night on tho tondorvegetation and flowers, thoy absorbed the saccharine mat- tor thoreof, and the night dows passed off into yapor, whilo the saccharine portion was thrown back and formed what is called honoy-dow. Houco, ho continugs, it always falls in- tho momlnf, immodiately after tho disappourance of tho ordinary dews. ~IHence, also, thero {s mo honey-dow oxcept in dry woather, During wot weasons, tho raing wush off tho sacohariue sub- stance, and no honey-dow ig to bo seon. Ay o goneral thing, the hiclory-leaf attracts moro of t, though I hinvo found it on overy variety, and, a8 boforo remerked, on the grass, and oven in the duat. A sciontific analysis has boon made of this substanco by » foreignor, and the result pub- lished in lant August's number of Scribuer's AMonthly., 1To informs the curious public that it 18 tho exndation of tho sacoharine from the lonf, in an unhealthy coudition under the influence of light and hoat. THEL APNIDE THEORY {6 0o woll-known that but n passing notice need Do given it. There is n class of insects called 4 fiides, Delier known as plant-lico, und at cor- tain yoagons thoy collect on the Lranches of the ol and othor trees, and suck from tho loaves and tondor twigs of tho troo the sweet juices. This thoy discherge upon tho lcaves and branches, and it i8_called by somo honoy-dew. “That which is doposited upon {ho leaves retains its freshnees longer than, aud does uot dry so soon as, that on othor portions of the tx‘cé. z BLLA, —_— NOTES AND OPINION. Tho Logtelatures of thirty Statos, inoluding two for Louisiana, are now in sossion, and are: 20 Administration; 9 Opposition; Loulsiana divided: The Speakors of tho eevernl ITouses aro givon, Opposition ia italics, as follows: Mct. State: Spouker Jan, 13, Alabamn, Lowla E, Paraons, Arbansug, Charlos v, Tatikeraly, Jan; 17, Florida, Stmon_ 1, Conover, Jan, 8, Georgin; 0. B A. 0. Bucon, Bhelby M, Cullom, Willlam K, Edwards, Tames Wilson, Jowlah Kellogs, Jemea B2, MeCriary. Jolns €. Monetre, Chatles M. Lowell, Edmund F, Webb, Jani 8, Tlinols, Jau, 9, Indinng, Jun, 15, Towa, Jan. 14, Konsae, Jan! 7. Kontucks, 6. Loulsiana, 1. Maing, Jan, oy 1. Museachusotte, Joun E. Sanford. 1, Michigan, Garles AT, Oroawell. . Minnesots AL R, Ifall, John R, Lynch, 1 Missiustpol; A 1. Missour] Hortimer Melikany, 9. Nobraska, . H, Scssions, 6. Nevada, Joln Bowmau, 14, Tsaac L, Fiher, Alonzo B, Cornoll, Junes L, Robinson, Jan, 3. Obilo, Neteon 1L, Van Vorhess, Jan. 7. Pennylvania, William Elllott. Jun, 13, Rhode Talsud, Obris, O, VanZandt, Jan, 7, South Oarolina, Bamuol J, Tue, e, o, G, Tenncases, V. 5, MeGatghey. Jau, 14, TPoxas, B, I, Tuglors Ton, 2. Virgliln, hall Iang Jun, 10, West Virginta, Wiltiam . Aiiller, Jon. 8, Wisconsin, Meury D, Barron, {Tha dates of moeoting are, in many cases, for sccond scssions, or following o holidsy roccss,) —The Florlda Legistature had not, ot lnst ac- counts, mado choice of o United Statos Sonator Tho voto of Tuosday, 21st inst., was scattored among ton candidates, viz,: David 8. Walker, 18 ; Simon B. Conover, 18 ; Sonntor Meacham (colored), 12 ; Henderson, 8 ; Chenoy, 5 ; Bisbeo, ag thoy watch tho inorensing fury of tho storm | 4 ; Osborn, 4 ; Kced, 4 ; Washburn, 8; Spraguo, without, it seoms not unlike thoso at tho Far Tast, of which tholr mother tolls. As I look out toward tho aplary, the hives | votes, 39 being nocesgary to elect. 1. On Wednosday, Conover had the lead. On "Thuraday, ex-Governor Walkor (Liboral) had 82 It was then weem poorly protected against such a sovers | announced that Govornor Hart had commandad storm as this Which has como upon us 8o unex- | tho Republicans to coucentrato on Horntlo Bis- pootly, and I tromblo for tho safoty of tho val- | boo, Jr., the United Btatos District Attorney, or uod fnmates of thoso hives, yot can give thom no practical attention until the storm abates. But tho layers of snow on the covoring of the {on Chiof Justivo I, M. Randall, of tlio Bupromo Coiurt, snd had suid that the clection of & Ropub- lican, by votos of tho Opposition, would bo “ o hives aid somewhat in giving protootion against¥ worlous calamity.” 'Tho Logislature, as counted while the wind and reim, or slect, -oator injury. DBeea sometimes suffor wery much from the “effacts of slight snows, ‘whan the hives are on the summer-atands, an the beo-keoper ndgldets to brush from the on- trauce tho snow, bofaro it melts and runs into tho hive, whoro it causeg the comb to mold and the honoy to sour. p 1 havo had a nice, quiet visit, IN THE LIDRALY, to-day, with books and pulmm' turning over tho yollow loayes of papors older u years thenmy- pelf, and finding much thoro that ks boen re- {»ll;m‘ncudln Iator publioations, with somotimos tho cold, ‘would do g difforence of & now droes, Tho eamo old questions of hives, tho manage- mont of boes, snd their varlous cnomies, were disoussed yaars ngo, although perhaps not so undurutmdylngly ai now, yot with the same in- torest. It wasintorostingto read of the INTRODUOTION OF TIIE ITALIAN BEES into the United States, Inono papor, boarlng aato of 1§00, tho supposed merits of tho Italian ihoe wore sob forth, ‘Tho writer, bolieving that its proboscls was of groator longth than that of om-p common black li)w, enid that the Italian able to g}:tl.mr lionoy from inaccosnible to the * hlaoks, and from tho red cloyer would collect groab <uantitios of honoy, ns hio belioved this plant se- would bo sgrotod moro than any othor in our country, It “was also clnimed that o eingle cwarm of theso nwonderful boas would yiold 160 pouuds of honey sevory soason, In short, the expootations of (ho n\:l{u woro ralsed vory high in rogard to the a‘uflnnu, and many of them hiavo not heen ronl- Hzod ; but the Introduction of Italian bocs into four country gavo an_ impotus to bee-culturo, rwhich waa“muoh needed at tho time, and the Pu'l chi littlo inwocts have proven to bo s good ‘aud industrious family. During tho yoar 1860, two swarms of BTINOLESS DERS wrere imported from Houth Awmorics, and it was Plhnh‘ habits differed aaterially from 4| in by Bisbee and Randall, who manipulated the roturns, was 41 Republicans, 35 Opposition ; which was tho beat thoy could do, goeing the Re- publicans did not olect hinlf a8 many. It appears, ‘howover, that the Opposition controlled tho of- ganization of botk branchos by giving tholr votes ‘to Republicans hostilo to the Ring, viz.: Bill- ings, Presidontof tho Senato; and Conover, Bpoaker of the Houso, —T'ho Boston Advertiser spenka of the Novada purchase by John P, Jones, of San Franclsco, Benator-olact, 28 “an unusual procosding.” Lot mseee. The roll of purchazed seats in the Ben- ato, beginning with Caldwell, of Knnsas, in- oludes-Olayton, of Arkansas; Ilarlan, of Jowa; Ttamsey and Windom, of Minnesota ; Hitchooolk, of Nobraska; Camoron, of Pennsylvanin; and Carpontor, of Wisoonsin, Thoso gontlomon are to bo roluforcod, Alaroh 4, by Sargont, of Cali- pornin; DMiteholl, of Orogon; Dattorson, of Bouth Oaroline; aud Jones, of Nevada. Thoso oleotions are popularly supposed to have re- quire! tho disbursement, in ench caso, of from £30,000 to §260,000 cush, and tho olections von- tralled Dy “other valuable considerations are twico nu many more. The Jonos procceding doos not, tierefors, appenr Ko very ‘‘unusual,” oxoopt in the amount pald,—$250,000, —'I'ho Postranstor of Towa City, ulso aditor of tho Towa City i2epublican, in undorstood to have valunblo testimeny concerning Ifnrlan's elec- tlon-exponsoy in 1360, —Tho Washington Republican (organ) says: "ho Governor of Alaboms, laving alroady lisned crudentials that tho Hun. (ieorgo I3, Spenoor,tho present otiiciont and nn‘mh\‘ ‘Benntor rom that Htalo, Jus hasn ro-olocted, and thoso crodontials having breu prosonted {o tho Benato by M, Mortou, i% is probably that no further action {n the promises will be réquired, The organized Leplslaturo of that Siate, Lowavor, will doubtiens do Mr, Spencer tho desorved complimant of olocting him ngain, Iiin principal competitor, ox-Gov- ornor Parsons, withdrow from tho contest, and was smong tho firat o put him in nomination in tho Court” Houso_Leglslature, In tho' ovent of another eloction, tho Governor can reisauo tho certificate to Mr. Bpencor, but he will not_stultify his previous ac- tlon Ly issulhg one to any othier porson. —XMany Senators, among thoso of the old school, are growing very unoasy ab tho faots flnmlnF to Hght in tho Oradit Mobiller and othor inveatigations. Ono of the boat-known Now England Sonntors declarod, to-day, in conversa- tion, thnt, from prosont appearancos, tho Bounto a3 to bo a court of practico for railrond attor- noys and moan rich mon. It was bad enough whon it was in the main tho rofuge of slave- holders and the reward of doughfaces, but thoso %Ilmblng aro holow even that averago.~DBosion lobe, ~—>r, James W. Pattorson’n aunouncement of his design to roturn to privats lifo, whore ho thought all decont mon would Lo inclined to no- company him it {heso scandalous invostigations wore continued, and his indignatlon concorning inquirios whore there were no clrcumstances to invito suspiclon of, Improper influonces, may bo rogarded oa flights of resontmont in a mistaken cauee,.—~Iiarlford Post ( Governor Jewell's ory anz. ~Binco the invostigation into the Caldwell bri- bory caso has dovelopod tho fact that & Loaven- worth_oditor sold himsolf for §2,000, thoft. Paul Press ina becomo porfoctly furious in ite donunciation of Cnlmra‘ll, daclaring that ‘ho will bo kicked out of the Secnate like a dog, ns Lo ought to be.” Bupposing the Leavenworth oditor had bad o * mutnal friond,” and hnd ob- {alned 510,000, price . tho Press rocaived for its * iufluonce" in tho lust Benatotial contest in Minnosotn,—would tho man who paid tho §30,000 doservo * to ho kicked out of the Banato 1iko n dog ?—8L, Paul Dispalch. —Ve aro told that Mr. Bon, Holladay, a finan- olor and speculngor of great reuown,in tho Paolflo Btntes, whon onco askod to help electn candidate for the Bounto, said that he had owned stoclc i protty mhiah avory auslos of property, from o Missourl bull-team to an ocenn sieummhip line, but” never yot'in a Unitod Btates Sen- stor ; ho would lilio o fow shnros,—New York Tribune. —William E, Dodge, Jr., la said to intond'celo- Dbrating his resignation of tho Prosidonay of the Young Mon's Chiristian Associntion by prosent- ing that body of excollent young men with a statuo of the Lnoagon. Tho figures of tho pa- ront pricst of Apotlo aud his tiwo unhappy sons will of course bo poriraits of,an eminent elder in tho Presbytorian Church and his prosperous and pious offepring. Tho hoad of tho porpent, whoso bito has been fatal to the son, will bear an artistic rcsemblance to the head of Judge Blatehford, while the one whose fangs haveo just beon buried in tho flank of the fathor will gearcely -disguisa tho darker face of Hocrotary Boutwell: 'Fhis fine ploco of statuary will prob- ably auorn Madison Squero, near the Union Loaguo Club cornor, Its matorial, wo had noar- I{Vtelrgotben to sy, will bo Joad.—New York orld. —Mr. Oplos Ames has roturned to the witnoss- stand, and s ongaged in confirming or contra- dicting the tostimony of othor witnesucs, ospo- cinlly mombers of Congress. His evidenco es- tablfshes one fact vory cloarly, and it becomes more aad more olear overy day. It is that DMr. Oukos Ames' own molives Wwero disroputsble. Ho was continually pressing hia stock on mombers, and for purposcs, aa he boldly states, tho roverso of honorablo; Wo trust that his transaotions with his follow-members will bo fl.\m‘oufihly siftod; but, whatever comes of ihat, thore should bo no room for doubt as to Mr. Amos' own fato, If there aro other members as unflt for sonts in Congress as ho, thoy should be ex- polled; if nono of the rest sre tainted, tho; 511“‘.0“1‘1 be rolisved of his company.—New York mes. —Judgo Durell, whose docieion was Presidont Grant's prearrangod excuso for the ovorthrow of | tho Lonisinna State Government, that Brother- in-Law Casey ond the negro gamblor Pinchbnol might reign’ suprome at the months of tho Mis- sissippl, was not then for tho first tima guilty of n rookless perversion of law and disgraceful uso of his power. TheSupreme Court of the United Blates, in Case vs. Jorrell (11 Wallace, 200), in overruling one of Durcll's decivions, ndminis- tored such n rebuko s nowhero clsa has beou uttered in tho history of the Court, This was its langunge: 1t §n scen from tho LIl and decrco. thut, whilo tho Uniicd Stntes was not mads o defendant, and whilo it is well eettiod that it could mot s sued in the Conrt bolovs, tho ouly rellef prayed by tho bill was rolief againit tho United Blates, and tho ouly dgeroy Teuder- o Vieh wa not merely fornal waa o ddcreo againot tho United Ytntes for over $:00,000, and a further de- creo barring hier right to aseert her priority as n cred. itor of (ho bank fu 1he dictribution of its funds, Tt 1a strango Ibot, In any Caitet professing Lo admin- {ster the English systom of equity-jurisprudence, such 1 docres cond bo fendored ngalust any ono not o perty 1o tho sult, aud who had fu no manner appeared in tho cago ; and'it is almost incredible that, in any Federal Court of this Union, excopt tho Court of Claime, 3 moneyed judgmont could bo rondered sgainet tho Unitcd Btates, —History furnishes one, and only ono, par- allel to tho Teton Sioux bad business which is just now boing unvarthod from tho records of tho Intorior Dopartment. Tho late Czar Nicho- 1as, whilo notoriously o poor edministrator, had ot o diuagroeable fashion somatimen of suditing gl.\n accounts of his einpire, and wanting to know about things, In tho courso of ono of those in- veatigations he chancod to como across sn item, 4+p, puncheon 0f vodki for the uae of His Im{m- rial and Awful Majooty, the Gossudar,” tho prico of which was croditod to some wretohed village, Slobdatchols, or somothing of tho sort, in tho far intorlor. The Ozar was not con- scious that Lie had recolved any such vodid, and mado inquirics about it, ITo was anewered thnt tho chargo was & customary annual one, tho antecedonts of which wore not oxactly kuown, bub it must bo all right, Kicholes was not sat- isfied, and ordored the matter to Jjo investigat- od. Thoe Imporial Tronsury wont to worl, tod finally after great trouble succoded, with the as- eistonco of tEu antiguarinns nttached to tho Im- porial Librnr{ in pscortnining that somo 200 vears boforo that, thg Czar Potor on ono of his ioumuya, neodiug = drink, & bottle of vodki had eon prooured for him in the aforesnid Slobodat- chok, and the suthoritios ordered to draw on tho Imporiel Trensury for the price, From that foo- Liorill finally followed thoso innpumerable gallons, . THE SCHOOL-FURNITURE NAUNFACTURERS. CNeINNATY, O, Jan, 24, 1673, To the Editor of The Chicago Tribuns : Sm: Tho School-Furniture Manufacturors' Bonrd of Trade hine beon in sossion in this city for tho past fow days, at tho Bennott House. A large ropresontation is prosont from nll parts of the country, Tho bost of feoling prevails among its members, and ell agreo that,_tho Board has done much to bring the sale of their goods to o fair and oquitablo basis. Tho officers for tho coming yesr ara: A. A. Tessell, of Storling, Tll,, Prosident; Georgo H. Grant, of TRichmond, Ind., Vico Prosident; J, O. Barnes, of Chicago, Scorotary ; and Jackeon Cinith, of TIndianapolis, Treasuror. Tho discussions tool o wido range, and the result showod groat har- mony of feoling and purpoeo, and a deeided in- dorsemont of the Bonrd of Trado in its rolations to tho manufacturers aud conswmors of the country. Owing to tho oxtraordinary advanco 1 fron and tho upward tendency of, lumbor and other materials, a slight advanco has boen mado in prices over tho lists of proceding years, Thero is no doubt bub great good will result from the action of this assoclation. A. e e et DIED, B Yoo OWEN~1In this city, dau. &, Davld Owen, nged 81 oars. I ioral_from 539 Wabnsh.nv,, Monday, Jan. 97, at 1 o'clock;~ Frisnds arg fnyitod, £ Ogdonsburg, N, Y., and Denvor Olty, Col., papors pluaso oopy, SAYIE—In Jofferson, Cook Oouuty, Tl Jan. 34, W 15, Hayeo, ngol 60 soars b monts, and 4 days. Tunersl at s residonioo, Jan. %5, av'lb o'oluck a. 1a. AUCTION BALES. A A A A A A AN A~ By WM. A. BUTTERS & CO., WM. A, BUTTERS & 00, ATOTIONBERS, (BSTABLISHED JANUARY, 1850). Ofioo and Balosrooms, Nos, 55 and 57 South Canol-st., Wil hold Woekly Sales throughout tho yoar 1873, Wadnsadays—HORNLS, OARRIAGES, . “ID HAR. NESS. i —DRY GOODS, GLOTHING, HATS, 4o, n&;}:fi&i}'&—l;{g} SEIOLY QUODS AND GENERAL Oashs udvancas mado on recolpt of Morohandise, Con- sigamonts solloited. : By GLI0. P. GORE & CO. Our Regular Wednesday Auction Sale of BOOTS AND SHOES Will bo a woll assorted ono of all grades of goods that ‘consignars iuslst must be olocyd aut at ance, Sulo-Junu, 20, nt O 1.2 A, M, auo; I’ QORI & 0P .34 aud 20 Raadolph'it, THE CHIOAGO TRIBUNE. A A A AN AN NN AN 1878. THE . 1878. CHCAGO TRIBUNE. PROSPECTUS. | THE DAILY. Tnz TRIMUNE ontera upon tho coming yosr ia the ocou- pancy of its rehullt business premisos, tho now Telbune Buiiding, in tho hoart of tho restored businoss oentro of | Chloago, and is preparad, toa dogran bottor thau ovor boforo, to fill and earey to a still bighar standpolut THE PLACE IT HAS OREATED IN JOURNALISH, Tn {ta growth it has kept paco with tho devolopmet of Ohicago and tho Northwost . By tho advancomopt in woalth, intelligonce, and strengthof tho commdhnity 1t ropcesouts, now and cone * stantly-Inorcasing demauds bavo boon made upon ite reprosontativo journals, and thoso Tur: TRIBUNE has fn evory caso anticipated in its prowpt collection of nows by telograph from all parts of the country,'snd by corre- spandonta throughout tho worlds ‘Tho plonoor among Westorn journals fn THE LIBERAT, USE OF THE TELEGRAPH, Tt has ovoraomo distanco forits roadors and placod bofora - flml’ll'lx each morning the more important nows of tho world, As a homo nowspaner, With Chioago its oivn fold, lta largoand compotont Local and Commorcial Corps have maintainod a falthful and full prosentmont of BOME AFPFATRE AND BUBINESE, Giving espacial prominonco and caroful collation to tho prominont facts of GROWTH, PROGRESS, and ) TRADE, ospeoally in tho prosont ora of our **GREAT REBUILDING." Berupulous oaro hins boon taken to soouro sccuracy and fuluoss to tho MONETARY, REAL ESTATE, AND GENERAL MARKET REPORTS, In tho Isading stsplosof our ofty and soction, making Tie TRIDUNE . A DATLY NEOESSITY Toovory businoss man and morohant in n degroo oxaotly proportioned to ils intoroat in Chicago buslnoss affatrs. ‘With theao foaturos tho sourco of ita constant and ua- varied prosperity, as. o T A PATTHFUL AND VIGILANT MEDIUM OF OUR- RENT NEWH, . ; Tz TRIBUNE has associated foaturoa that have placed it n tho front rank of journalism. With this rocord in its past, Tz OHIOAGO TRIBUNE 12 proparod to carry forward its standard, and, in tho yoor o come, fullll, as in tho past, its rosognized position ss. =5 THE LEADING JOURNAL IN QHIOAGO, Itsataff of oditorial writors, roportors, and cozrespond- onts, fn its NEWSB AND LITERARY DEPARTMENTS, At homoand abroad, compriso tho moat trained and com- potant mon In thofr calling, and, as horatofore, nothiug will bo sparcd in cost of tranmnisslon or oxponso of publication, to placa tho rosult of thelr Iabors in thomost. atteactivo shapo boforo §ts roaders. To this ond tho ‘mookanicsl eppliancoes of TAE TRIDUNE 610 now unsur- passod, TI8 POLITIOAL (OUBSE, ® Tz CroAso TAMUNE supportod, In tho recont cloo- tlon, tho platform and nowinoes of tho Liboral-Ropubli- ean Convuntion, which mot at Olncinnati on tho st of Moy, 'Tho dofoatol tho candldates of that convention Las not diminished, In any derroa, -tho necoselty for carrying forward fte principlos, Wo hold thoso’ prinelples to bol essontlal to good govornmont, to the prusperity of tho country, sud ovon to thy pennanenco of ropublican inst tutlons, o shall, therofore, contnuo to give thom our hearty support and adrocsoy, and shall sustain tho men who fitly roprosant thom, whateser party desigaation they may woar, Wo shall givo an fmpartial hearlng to tho Ad- ministration of Gonornl Grant, snd ehall support it faall ‘ot whioh s0om to us wiso and useful to the couatry, as cordinlly aa though it wero an Admiaistration of our own choco, In short, THE CiCAGO TRIDUKE will aim to . sooura ABLE AND HONEST GOVERNMENT, Natlonal, State, and Locul, and to bo an argan of Pro-” N grass athor than of Party, It will ondsavor tu glvo ta its. Teadors tho exaot truth 1o all mutters of public futorost, ‘focompaulod by tndapendont viows and fulr criticlum. OUR NEW EIGET-PAGE FOR, Prosonting fitty-slx columns dally, has beon found most ~ satlefactory to nll classes of our patrons, by whom Tug TRIBUNE Is proudunced. THE HANDSOMESL NEWSI;APEE 188UED IN THE UNITED STATES, Tho columes of TiE TRIDUNE ara tha datly proof that tho businoss and generel publlo accord it tha FIRST PLACE AS AN ADVERTISING MEDIUML .- - - THE TRI-WEEKLY Ts dn groat favor with roadors at & distanco and fa locsl tios not reached by dailymalls, presonting in ono compack. shoet tho substanco of two days* lssucs. THE WEEKLY Ts now one of tho largest weokly editions {ssuod west of New York, a vory handsome ofght-pago shicat, wit ifty- aix columns o matter, oxpressly scloated and mado up for tlls Issue with a ohiolco varioty of OBIGINAL LITERARY, ART, AND, AGRIOULTURAL ‘LOPICB, Tt will contlnuo fn ovory rospoct to bo mada & Westaro “ Family Journal, oqual In LITERARY EXOELLENOE Fo any publishod in this country, whilo its careful colla- tion of tho nows of tho dally editions constituto jtanune surpassed compondium of tho - FRESHEST TOPICS OF THE DAY, < Among the writers on home thomes tho contributions of RURAL will bold thefe placa and increaso tho wido ropa~ tation alroady onjoyed by this bost of all writers on FARM AND GARDEN," For yoars wolcomo In s multitudo of Westorn homes. We shail furnlsh also o largo varioty of articles on socla toples. LITERATURE, ART, EDUCATION, COMMIROE, GENERAL OULTURE, AND THE PRoankss o SOOIETT all mado mora prominent foatures of UL WEEKLY than horotoforo. Tales and akotehes, orlglnal aud selcoted, will bo furntshed fu each nuwbor, Attontion is drawn to tho fact that by tha torma pro- sonted below, THE WEEKLY TRIBUNE will briugio the «country firesido snd the farmer's Lomo ‘. READING FOR ALL OLASSES, Reaching In amount cach year tho bulk of many volumes, from tho bost writers, with varioly aud fulnoss, THE BEST THOUGHTS, FACTS, AND DIFCOVE. RIES OF THE AGE, At prico which mako it not only tho best but TEE OHEAPEST OF READING MATTER, Within tho reach of tha humblest homo, and wortly & vlacoln thobost, THE WEEKLY 1n offerod at tho following prices Single coples, ono yea: 5 coploy, ono ye! 10 coplor, one yet 20 0oplos, one yo 50 goples, ono ye P THE DAILY AND TRI-WEEKLY. = at tho sama rato, of tly Blugle subscriptions may bo uddod at olub ratos aftor <club is formod. Fostmastors may rotain 10 por aont on all aubsoriptiona, To provent delay andmlstakes, bo suro and givo Poot Offica address fn full, including Stato and County, Tomittanoos may be mado ofthier bydralt, oxpross, Poad Ofioo ordar, or n raglstered lotters, at our risk, Addzoss TRIBUNE €0, P < Obloago, 1, *% -