Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 5, 1873, Page 8

'THE CHICATGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, < E = JAFRUARY 5, 167, ik B TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. propertyin the State on the same day is given | ber of tho New York Lerald, issucd May 11, | meet, and tho best mode of attack” to be made. | times divided their responsibilitics. Bat, ar- THE GREAT CONVERSERS. nsan; but the Meaniogis if T hongr g 8t €2191,630,57. The aggregato tas, there- | 1935, contained a money articlo foracasting a | The book is divided Into four parte: I. Are we | gues the leamed Doctor, thees were customsof | o oo o e, op rux . | PUERES God will a0 bless man o VEBSITY GF CHICAGO. proachers _ho gives the following g, TERME OF KUBSCRIPTION (PATABLE IN ADVANCE). Dty by mal, 5 Tri-Veo the To preveat dolay snd mistakes, be sure and givo Post Ofce address in full, including Stato and Coaaty. Remittauces may be made either bydralt, expreas, Post Oftico order, or fa registored lottera, at our rsk. TERMB TO CITY EUBSCRIDERS. “ Daily, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 s woek. n:b:. Geliverad, Bunday inciided; 30 cents per week: dress THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Cormer Madison aud Dearbora-sta., Chicago, fil. . _TRISUSE Branch Office, No. 46 Wabash.av., in the [Bockstore of Mesers. Cobb, Andrews & Co., whers advertisements and rubscriptions will be racoived, sud Il have the ‘ume, atntion a4 1 leh a4 the Main Hce. c. D.iou.m's, R BOYS® CLOTHING, 18 AND 16 CLARTST. The Thicago Tiibume, Sunday Morning, January 5, 1873. MUNICIPAL TAXATION. The .Btate of Ilinois kas 102 counties; has perhaps forty cities; has nearly 1,000 towns; and, in'addition, many school districts. Each of those political divisions has the power to levy taxes within its own jurisdiction. The taxing suthorities ‘of the State may ba summed up, arithmetically, a8 follows: “The State of Tinols 1 In ted citics, 40 Countles. .10 Townshi 1,000 Saparate school districts w5 .o ..1,218 “Each of theso authorities acts independently of tho others. Each is nbsolute within ts tarri- torial jurisdiction; each has the authority to * ‘espénd what it pleases; each has the power to .. contract dobts; the only possible limitation is ' that which limits tho annusl levy by each connty " ‘muthoriy. to 75 cents wupon tho £100 of ossessed value of the property, Tapd:ihat ‘the dobt shall not -exceed § i per cent of the samo valuation. Even this re- striction is modified in the case of the tax levy £0 8 to sdmit of the maximum rate of taxation in addition "to such levy as may be necessary to . pay the interest on debts contracted bofore 1870. - Tt-will be seen, therefore, that there are at work annually vin this State over 1,200 agoncies levy- ing takes, which seversl agencies are in no way ‘yesponsible to any higher authority. The limita- tion upon the power to tax is not very restric- tive, In tho same county thero is often tho - county organization, -the city organization, and the town organization. The city tax hasno - eferal limitation; tho county tax is limited, as _ we haye stated; the town tax is not limited, {horefore the proporty in a city msy be taxed for * “$tate purposes, for city purposes, for county purposes, azd town- purposes, tho rastriction upon the rate applying only to the connty tax. There is no roport of these taxes made to any general officer of tho State. Each city, county, 50 town does its own business, koops its own aceounts, and generally acts in such matters aa £n independent community. The State Legisla- turé meets every two years in happy ignorance of the sctunl financial condition of the various Jocal communities, and equally ignorant of tho amount of taxes levied, and of the prposes for _ which they werolevied; of the amount of public "' aebt for which the taxable property ismortgaged to bond-holders, and of the rates of interest ety In tho messsge of Govornor Noyes to the Legislature of Ohio, we have evidence of .the * xalue of the law in that State which compels the suthorities of any county, town, city, and school district in the Stato to communicate innually to . s the State Auditors copy of ell tax lovies, with she rates and amountof tax foreach purpose estended; with o statement of its foot- sngs of asecasments, axes general and special ; the smount collected, and the amount expended. ! Governor Noyes, in his message gives the foot- 3ngs of these for 1872, and from it we leain that the net debt of tho counties of that Btateis 8,756,436 ; of townships, 8447,238; of cities, $11,495,501 ; ‘of incorporated villages, £616,559, ‘wid of echool districts, $1,274,724, or s total of £17,500,5¢7. Tho Stato dobt was $8,53,000, * making & total debt charge on the taxable prop- * . “ortyof the State of £26,174,094. There is in sdditicn o State debt of $4,023,475, which i8 & trost fand, and not paysble, which, dded to tho other, makes an aggregate of dobt of all kinds of $30,197,569. This does not include's newly- created debt of certain municipalities of $4,000,- 000 for railroad purposes. . “The taxes Jovied in 1872 wero: For State pur- « poses, £414,557; county and city, $18,884,423, delinguencics, &c., 561,992, or a total of £23,- $10,972. The burdens of taxation can only be intelligently understood when the whole amount of the tax imposed is known. A tax of 5 mills for town purposes is perhaps light, but when that tax is in sddition to 734 mills for county purposes, and T34 mills for county intarest, nnd 18 mills for Stato purposcs, and 17 mills for city purposes, and 8 mills for park purposes, 2nd 8 per cent for street improvements, it bocomos an cnormous burden, and therefore it Is, that béforo any tax ought tobolovied the amount of other tsxes to which the. eame property has been already subjected ought to bo kmown. A lovy of taxes by four or five indo- pendent bodics, restrained by no legal limita- tions and influenced by 1O sense of responsi- bility, produces that very resilt which ronders tocal taxation so burdensomo and vozations. In 1670, the United States inclnded in ‘the consus roturns’ & statement of tho public debts, smonnt of taxation, and much general information, and to this return slone must we o0k for any dats as to the condition of the local communities of this State. By this tsblowo lexrn that in 1870, exclusive of tho Stato debt, the county debt was, in bonds, $10,- 20,192 ; other dobts, $2,038,730; towns snd cities, bonds, 893,724,895 ;" other debts, 8753~ 175. Grand total of county, town, and city ebts, §97,300,932. This list purportsto be s statoment of $ho dobt &5 it stood on the 1st of June, 1570, but betweon that day and tho Bth of August; when the new Constitution went into operation, there was & large sddition to tho pre- viously-existing debt. This table does not, how- over, givo any figures as to therates of interest ~which this debt bears, though unoffieially we Ziave knowledge thatthis debt is charged with interest at ratcs ranging from 7 to10 per cent, . the average being probably 8 per cent. What the actual Jocal debt of this State at this time ia hardly known, but the sggrogato is not probably Seas than £43,000,000, bearing an average.rate of 8 por cént interest. 3 '* o thesamo tablo wo araindsbted for tho infor “mationthat the sggregatetax levied in Illinoia for theyear1870 was $21,825,000, of which §3,620,651 was for State purposes, £5,242,137 for county ‘purposes, and $12,852,190 for cjty and town par- goses, The true valuation of real and personal fore, for State and local purposes, Was 1 per cont on the cash valuation of all the real and per- sonal property in Hinois. Tho value of theso figures, incomplate as they are, and now rcasly throee years' old, is so obvi- ous, that we are sure the Legislataro will, by Law, requiro that horeafter all county, town, city, village, and other municipal officers in the State ehall bo compelled to make return annually to tho Siato Auditor of tho condition of their finances, and this roport should stato: The amonnt of debt, bonded and otherwise, bofore August, 1870; presont amount of eame, with rates of .interest thereon; amount of debt contracted since then with ratos of interest thereon; the amount of tax levied for the current year, andthe specifio purposes thereof; the amouut of revenne col- lected under the provious tax levy; the amonnt of fees and ealaries paid to Assessors, Tax Col- lectors and Treasurers, and to county orphans ; and the smount of rovemuo rcoived from ‘sources other fhan taxes on property. Other information may bo included ; but tho actual facts upon these points fs mecessary to an in- telligent understanding of State and municipal affairs, and will enable the Btate Legislature to sct understandingly in afl matters pertsining to tha most difficult of sll probloms,—honeat, responsible, and economical municipal govern- ments. MR. HUDSON'S AMERICAN JOURNALISH. . Mr. Frederick Hudson's long-expected book on “Journalism in the United States,” which hes just been published, is an exceodingly inter- esting work. Mr. Hudson was for many sears tho editor of the Now York Herald, under James Gordon Bonnett, Son., and was chiofly instru- “mental in his time in the dovelopment and main- tonance, undor severa tosts, of the far-reaching enterprise in tho collcction of news which Mr. Bennett had been the first to insugurate. His natural adaptability to journalism, the experi- once which gave him the position of o leader, ond the many years which Lo has do- ~voted to tracing American newspaper progress from its earliost beginninge, aro circumstances that havo combinad to make his book a valualle contribution to history. r. Hudson defines six distinct epocks of American journalism., The first embraced tho yoara from 1630 to 1704, and was tho initial period. Its characteristic strugglos aro suffi- ciently typified by tho first of American newspa~ pors, issued in Boston, on Thursdsy, Sapt. 25, 1690, and called Publick ‘Occurrences. It lived just ono day. Tho publisher had evidently counted on 5 longer oxistence, for he promised to “take what poins he can t6 obtain a faithful narration * ¥, * of such considerablo ‘occurrences es have arrived into our notice.” But the Legislative.Assembly found that Publick Occurrences contained “re- flections of & very high nature,” and summarily ehoked it to desth.’ Fourteen years later, tho Colonial press wes insugurated with the famous Xews Lelter, also published st Boston, and this era of naivspaper life lasted from 1704 $o 1755, The editor and publisher of the News Lefer wag the Postmaster at Boston, and Mr. Hudson no- tices that the custom seems to havo boen estab- lished that Postmasters should become editors, though, now-a-days, it is more common for edi- tors to becomo Postmusters. Certain it is that his auccessor in offico started the Boston' Gazelle 88 a rival, which was successively edited and published by no less than five Postmasters. In ihis ‘early epoch of jomrmalism, we have the first reportorial ventures, The News Letler describes the hanging of six pirater, and even farnishes tho traditionsl Exhortation to the malefactors.” Jenkins mede his appearsnca | at the some time, telling of a masquerado which was tobo * the most brilliant thing everseen in Americs,” dwelling with special unction on the schievoments of * ten capital cooks.” Mr. Hud- son intimates that even interviewing,” which is regarded as a modern invention, was notea- tirely unknown then. From 1755 to 1783 was thoera of the Bevolutionary pross, which ro- caives fall credit for its large share in achioving American indeponderico. Mr. Hudson says that “A.D. 1748 opened the campaign for 1776.” Sam- uel Adsms, the man who first spoke of England 25 5 “notion of ehopleepers,” startod _ tho Independent Advertiser ; print~ ed tho surmons of Jomathan Mayhew, tho founder of American Unitarianism; and gatherod sbout him & corps of young men, fall of tho spirit of tho Tebellion,—freo thought and freo speech. This journal, and others which now rapidly followed, were tho vehiclea through which the people were aroused, and their utter- ances heralded in dvanco the startling and de- cisive steps of those Revolntionary times, After the achievement of indopendencoand the for- ‘mation of the Government camo the party press, which occupied the entire field of journalism from 17830 1833. Tho first daily newspaper published in tho United States was tho American Daity Adsertiser, issuod in Philadelphis, in 1784, by Benjsmin Franklin Bache, the name of which was gubsoguently changed to the Aurora. * It supported General Washington's cdministration, and was particularly the organ of Alexander Hamilton. It still abides by its eatlicst tradi- tions, and remains s party paper yet,—being Dow known aa the North American and Uniled Slates Gazelte, and edited by Morton McMichuel, who was 'tho Temporary Chairman of the late Philadelphia Convention. In this epoch, the Na- tional Intelligencer and Daily Globe, of Washing- ton, wero tho groat journala of the country. Clay, Jackson, Calbonn, Denton, Blair, Duff Green, Rives, Seaton, and other men of high standing, were idontified with that Washington journalism which reigned supremo during tho ora of old party nowspapers. * Just ook at the luck of the Washington City editors,” saysa piragraph of twenty years ago. “Gales hasa country seat; Seaton has & country seat; Blair hos Silver . Springs; Rives, tho Duelling- Ground; Kendall has & place near town; Major Heiss owns s fine place ; Ir. Richic par- chased the splendid mansion fronting Lafayeite square and tho White Houso; General Duff Greon has o number of places, including & large interest in the Cumberland coal mines.” The advance in journalism cannot be better compre- hended than by & comparison of the influence and succoss of Washington nowspapers in those days, and their obscurity and insignificance af thio prosent time. The old idea of party journal- ism received ita first blow in 1833, at which tims tho penny press took its rise. The New ¥ork Sun was tho first; then camo the Herald; the Tribune, Times, end World followed in turn, all of them starting as one-cent papers. From this time om, We trace:@ the newspaper of the present day, growing in wealth and im- portance as it extended its sources of informa- tion and increased the means for presenting tho nows promptly to the people. The second num- Wall street corner in stocks, and warning the young merchants and dealors to bo careful. The general ides of tho Herald was from the firat what it is now, bat Afr. Bennett was obliged to do all tho work himself, for which he subse- quently provided numerous and ablo assictsnts. From 1835 on, journalism spread and grew at an amazing pace, forming anothor distinct ors be- tween that year and 1872, with which tho public is familiar in & general way. If Mr. Hudson bad postponed his history s fow years longer, he would havo found it neces- sary to fix another era of journalism as distinct a8 its prodocossors, and dating from 1872. This is the ora now upon us of declared independence in the newspaper world. The New York Herald has hitherto represented indifference rather than independonce. Thero are now signa of & chango in its tone. Having schioved riches beyond ‘mensuro, it scoms disposed to achieve charscter as well. Tho theory held by the elder Bennott wag, that journalism should be respectsble enongh to koep the editor out of jail, bat not enough to avold horsewhipping, and that it should trest all public questions with eynical in- difference and contempt, Br. Bennett expiated this barbarons thoory b7 living 28 & Parish in tho midst of men, and dying as an ontcaat in the midstof riches. The ideas of the younger Bennott sccm to be moro elevated, and the Herald of the fature promises to take rank with the public instrtctors of the dny. Thefield of independence in journalism has widened very much of late, and bids fair to compriso, within & very fow years, nearly all the first-class Journala of the country. TWhen that timo comes, wo hopo Mr. Hudson may still bo 2mofig us to writa the history of the movement, # ANNIHILATION OF THE WICKED.” For some years past there has been o growing conflict among orthodox theologians of many socta in reference to tho future state. There aro probably very fow among the educated clasa of Christisns who boliova in literal lake of fire snd brimstone ; and not many who believe in that personal dovil at whom Luther hurled his inkstand, and who held converse with tho witchos of Salem. e has beon grad- ually fading out of popular sight, from s personal entity ‘into s idos. 1t isnot long since Henry Ward Baacher ban ished him from the realms of his theology, and, 13 Mr. Beecherisan oraclo of Congrogationsl- ism, wo may reasonably presume that that soct is coming to take the same view, especially as Mr. Beecher's declaration has provoked no hos- tile criticism—certainly no church discipline. One ortwo of the moro rigid sects, however, hava clung to the old-time views very tenacious- ly, but thers aro signe that even these are beginning to divide. On Monday last thorewas a discussion on the subject 8t s meeting of the New York Methodist Preachers’ Society, and an excitement atoso which came near breaking out into an open tumalt. At the meeting, the ques- tion for discussion was.fhe * Annihilation of the Wicked.” The opening prayer was read by Rev. Mr. Terry, of Poighkeepsio, who took the com- monly-sccepted Methodist view of the subject, and developed it at ‘some length. Ho was fol- lowed by Rev. Dr. Truo, one of the best cducated and most highly-cultivated men in the Church, and for many years a Professor in the Wesloyan University. . Considering the nature of the ~views which Dr. True thereupon proceeded to doclare, it ia romarkable that he was called upon to speak by many of the preschers in attendance. The Doctor at onco sent o bomb-ghell into the meoting by declaring his belief *that the penal- 1y of the incorrigibly twicked will be the destruc- tion of hid conacious existence; s total cessa- tion of all his functions. Man was designed to live forever. He was naturally immortal; the penalty of the law.was the destruction of this immortality.” The Doctor then proceeded to declare that he could not be objected to thus far in his theology; when the following scene oc~ curred, which wo print from the report of the ‘meeting : Corbett (interrupting)—es, sou can be objected to wonderfully. No ono here will allow such ecclesias. tieal humtrumpery. The Chatrman called M. Corbett to order, zud said the speaker should mot Lo futerrupted, and cortafnly 1ot in such a manner. Dr, Curry srose, sud protested against the se- sumption on the part of Dr, True thateither tho Church or the meeting sgreed with the sentiments hohad uttered, - Corbett (again rising excitedly, snd gesticulating like o windmill)—I eay I am in order, and un- derstand what I om ‘about. The doctrina just enunciated by Dr. True originated in hell, =nd ought 0 be crammed back thero sgain, and the preacher who would give utterance to euch heresy out to be turned neck and heels out of the phurch. I will protest againat it hero and everywhere, and if T 1avo to stand alone T will stand frmly for the truth, like Luther at Worms. 5 + Dr. Curry again protested aganst Dr. Trae's last ‘sssumption. The Chairman—The prop<r time will comé to snswer, and that time fs not now. A volce—And we'll suawer like gentlemen when it doescome. . 5 & ‘The Chalrman—Enough of this, I don't want to be ‘misunderstood, Dr. Curry—I don't think you are misunderstood, and perhaps you will have t6 havo more of it, I think you aro wrong. - The Chairman agaln decided that it was ont of order toraisean argumentat thet point, and Dr, True was sllowed to proceed. Dr. Truo continued with his argument on an- nihilation, and concluded without further infer- ruption, declaring, in the course of his remarks that other Methodist preachers. were in accord with him, among them Dr. Warren, of -the Bos- ton Theological Beminary. Tho discussion has cansed great excitement among the Methodists of Now York, and it will probably spread and provoke a fierco conflict upon the question of ondless punishment. - GERMAN RATIONALIFM. Dr. Strauss, the co-worker with Ernest Renan, in’ the dofence of rationalism in Europe, has Just published & new work at Leipsio called ¢Der Alto urd der Nene Glaube” (The Old and the New Faith), which is destined to make as great s stir and, excito as much snimadrersion 28 @id Reman's “Life of Jesus” when it first appeared. In a certain manner, it is issned as o challenge to the orthodox world, and it will, therefcrs, have to be met. It is- put- forward with - peculiar German boast and dofisnce. In the introduction the suthor ssys that Germsny having triumphed in the field against hor physical enemies, it is now time for & statement of the religion with which she intends to attack snd overthrow superstition in the human mind. This is a clear and bold statement, and it may be presumed that the forces of *saperstition” will not be long in rallying or carrying the war into Germany, and that the brilliant and learned Strauss will have oceasion to use all his resources, both to parry and thrust. The Berlin correspondent of the Now York Zvibune farnishes & ‘synopsis of the work, which may give the polemical resdor ‘s general idea of the forces he hasto still Christians? II. Have we still religion? II. How do wo conceive of the world? IV. How do we rogulate our lives? Tho first is & general assault; the second, an essay on the roligious sentiment innate in human nature; the third, s discussion of the physical problems of nztural religion; while the fourth presonts s schems of life outside of Christianity. In the first part of the book, Dr. Straues at- tacks nearly all of thearticlos of revealed rolig- ion, including the doctrine of the Trinity and Baptisny, 88 well as the practical character and condition of Christianity and its doctrines, and roaches the decision that Christianity is no longer in harmony with the human mind, and that * wo are no longer Christisns.” His defi- nition of rationalism which' occurs in this part will be of interest, a8 hoisite great defendor. Ho says: Rstioualism is s compromise between the old creods of the Church and the Xerely negative result of their examination by the now light. It judges Biblical his- tory by natural laws and honestly ; the characters of the 012 Testament were men Like other men, RO Worso than others, but in_manyrespects worthy of study; Jesua wasmot the Son of God in the ecclesisatical sense, nor yet an fmpostor passing himself off for the eartbly Messiab, but 8 man loving God and his neigh~ ‘bor, who suffered martyrdom in order 10 give his peo- plo purer religions and moral laws; the so-called mir- acles are not frauds, but mistakes on tho part either of the witnesses, the historians, or the readera. In the second part he msintains that tho relig- ious gentiment is an ingeparablo part of human nature, and that *the development of religion and the growth of intelligence go hand in hand.” Having established this foundation, ho sketches the progress of religion from the first rude idess of tho savage mind down through mythology and Judsism to Christianity. The problams of natural religion, such as the argument from de- sign, the efficacy of prayer, the beliof in’the immortality of the soul, and the true and untrue inreligion aro next discussed, and this part closes with & summing up of the clements of re- ligion which bave not been disturbed by modern criticism. While we have ot the religion of our fathers, wo atill have roligion, bocause wehave tho feeling of & superior power before which we are helpless, and bocause the operation of natural laws and our own interest therain develop tho idea of reason and goodness, that is, of morallaw. The recognition of this distinction in ourselves gives the ides of moral freedom, without which principle no church csn subsist. The Doctor then very shrewdly an- swors tho inovitablo question which his eritica will ask, why he denounces churches and re-. ligious systems, by replying that, in formal sys- tems of religion, the false inevitably mixes itself with the true. : In the first two parta of his work ho abolish- es Christianity and sets up a scheme of National religion, and in the third part turns his atten- tion o cosmology, in which, alter establishing a correspondence between the progress from polytheism to monothelsm, and tho -progress from the ides of tho plurality of worlds to the ides of the universe, ‘e wanders over the wholo field of human knowl- edge, including everything in the -universe, not only the physical bodies snd the laws. which regulatc them, but also the action of moral causcs and the laws of human nature. It will be & mstter of news to the be- lievers in the Darwinian theory that, according to Dr. Strauss, Goethe, not Darwin, is the real author of tho theory of natural selection. In the concluding part of his work, Dr. Strausa discusses mot only the ordinary maxims of othics 18 thoy existed long beforo the Decalogue, but also many principlea of social organization. Among the latter is the late Ger- ‘man war, in which he justifies the courso of Germany; nationalitics, which he indorses, and international nsgitation, at which ‘he sneers; the Church of Rome, which he claims represents the international principle, and s, therefore, at war with all nationalitiés ; and re- publicanism and monarchism. He praises Switz- erland and the United States, and thinks that Republicanism is the most logical form of gov- ernment, but Absolutism scems preferable to him, especially Absolatism of the Gorman kind. Buch is the substance of Dr. Strauss’ work. In meeting and disputinghls views, his opponents will have to recognize tho fact that hois s man of generous culture, and thoronghly sincers in his viows. He will also have a wide-spread popular sympathy 28 an earnest worker for the largest freodom of thought, and he will, in addition, have that not inconsiderablo sympathy which is always bestowed npon one man st war with tho multitude. ‘WOMAN’S RIGETS FROM A DARWIRIAN STANDPOINT. Dr. Louis Buechner, a German philosophor and naturalist, concleded s lecture, which ho dolivered in Now York o few evenings sinco on Woman's Rights, with Goethe's well-known gentiment: “Das ewig Weibliche 2icht uns hinan* The words could not be better applied than to the successive developments of tho Woman's Rights movement, though the senti- ment in this modern application is very differ- ent from that which Faust probably entertained. Dr. Buechner himself has been adding some- thing to this # Ewig Weibliche * which continues to agitate the community. Hohas reducad the issne to o scientific basis. e is_inclined to make thoe Darwinian theory of Evolution the ‘mesus of demonstrating the right of woman to ‘political equality. He meets the opponents of woman's suftrage on tho Iaws of Nature, which, they claim, have constituted woman the inferior toman. The salection of epecies and sexes, Dr. ‘Buechner 10nintains, proves that man has simply doveloped tho highest organic production, and that he does not naturally occupy the exceptional ‘position of superiority which he now halds aver woman. In proof of tho proposition that the male and female principle in life balance each other, it is cited that in the polygamous States of the East more girls than boys, are born, while in polyandric communities (where the custom of plurality of husbands ob- tain) the boys exceed the girls. In snimal life “there are many instances in which the female is the stronger and more active element of the two sexes ; thero are a number of the lower species of animal life in which the smaller and weaker male ia characterized by Dr. Beechner ag a mere sppendix or parasite of the female. That kind of generation which is known as sexless is also quoted in disproof of any natural inferiority on the part of females. The scientific approval of the Womsu's Rights doctrine is found, then, in the doctrine that the present distinctions between men and women in the social relstions are simply the Tesult of babit. They came, we will say, from the gorilla tribe, which divided their family du- ties. - The male gorilla undertook to defend his family from enemies, while the female nursed and sheltered the young. This was the way, verhaps, that human beings in pre-histario savago times, and theix developmentashould not be permitted to control theenlighted peopleof an. sge whose motto is Universal Equality. “Das ewig Weibliche” has begun to make havoe with the Conservatives of England. Tle John Bull, wo are told, expressos the opision that the Tory party will cordially support the claims of women to the franchiso, whenaver they aro householders and tho possissors of property, as that party belioves iho right to vote shonld be based upon property asid not upon sox. The John Bull isa High Chuarch and Tory journal, and the Standard fol- lows with ita approval. The Zelegraph, on the other hand, says, more pointedly than scientifi- cally: “Why should not new elections tamn on greon tes, doublo perambulators, or scarlet faver of & malignant type?” The Pall Mall Gezelle also arrays itself in opposition, though in s more dignified fashion, and tells the Con- servativo party that tho adoption of Woman Buffrage “will bring immense dis- credit on the party consistency.” It will bo seenfrom thia that Woman Suffrage threatens fo ‘become s party warfare in England, if not in this country. There is no doubt that, whother wo look at Dr. Buechner's scientific inconsis- tencics, or Miss Anthony’s mnrewarded martyr- dom, or Mr. Gladstono's prospective conversion to The Cause, that “ Das ewig Weitliche” is drawing us on more forcibly now than in the days of Goethe, o FRENCH FAMILY DEVOTION. y The true Parisian has never been accused of devotion to his wife, however polite he may be toothermen's wives. It has hitherto been proverbial that he is the soul of courtesy to women whom ho is not bound by 1sw and cus- tom to maintain. An advertisement, however, which recently appearcd in s French paper, showa that the rule ia only exceptionally trus, and that the age of chivalric devotion to wivesis not yet over in Paris. Tho advertisement runs 88 follows: * Eliza, 5ou can return tothe houso ; the boil on my nose is gone.” A volume might be written on these two pithy lines, eo full of matrimonial devotion and tender consideration for the fominine feeling. There is & slight elo- ment of vanity in this particalar French- man's composition, 28 thore s in nearly every other Fronchman's composition. Every man is liable to have a boil npon his nose, aud noman looks well with a boil on his nose. In all probability, this particular Frenchman was & handsome man when in his normal condition, and when he wooed and won his Eliza he did not have the hatefal ezcrescence on that promi- nont but exceedingly usefal member of his face. 1t he had, Eliza never would haye accepted him. In fact, thore pever yetlived a man with suffi- cient courago to make matrimonial propositions to & woman in such » diatressing, not to say dis- gusting, nasal condition. Marriago is s matter of such slow growth in France that all the con- ditions must bo A No. 1 to effect it. Being & bandgome man, necessarily he must be 8 vain man. Al handseme men are. But the littlo element of vanity is nct half 8o touching or 8o -beautiful as the tender solicitude for tho fecl- ings of his Eliza. The unkind reader will say that Eliza berself was disgusted, and fled from that boil. We donot believo it. Wo prefer to believe that this particular Frenchman was not willing to let his Eliza see him in his sad plight ; that he was not willing to shock her sensitive soul or harrow up hor feelings with his illami- nated frontispioce ; cnd rather than do it ho would oven endure the pangs of an enforced temporary scparation. [Eliza, questioning not, went like s dutiful wife, and left him to nurse his sorrow and his nose in solitude. How differently most Frenchmen, indeed most other men, would havo scted. They would have mads the whole honso ring with ejacula- tions, both sscred and profane. They would have kept materfamiliss busy from morning to night maling ponltices and administering sooth- ing eyrup of the domestic sort, with unrelenting exaction, and with as littlo compunction as they would oxercise in o caas of fever. ‘Rather than do this, rathor aven than have his Eliza seo him with his manly nose come to grief, rather than benish one of the many allusions which had clusterod about him in her gentle soul, rather than imperil the pesco of tho houschold and bring & sbadow about the domestic hearth, Le prefers to suffer in silence. His examplo we commend to all' hus- Dands with boils upon their noscs or otherwize disigured. At the sume time, we rojoice in this beautiful proof of French dovotion, 2nd of tho fact that there are French husbands who will not let oven a boil upon the nose prejudice the high estimate which s placed upon them by French wives. Unfortunately, we have no mosns of knowing whother Elizs returned.” Wo hope she &id. Such solf-regpect, such tender solici- tude, and such unparalleled family dovotion.! ought not to go unrewarded. Dook-Destroying Insccts. Booka, large or small, made up of dry paper, aro nestling places for a variety of book-worms hardly large.enough to be recognized as living things. Besides making themaclves cosy homes etween the leaves, they feast on the paste, binding, twine on the backs, and the green monld that gathera on them if neglected. Ono species—crumbus pinguinalis—takes up resi- denco in the binding, devouring 88 it goes. Acarus eruditus feasts on paste. ~Another book t that is sure to appear in a library not ovor- ke and dusted occasionally, eatd through s volumo. Twenty-geven volnmen wero thus per- forated in 8 rowin a gentleman’s undistarbed collection by one bookworm, eo that = cord passed clear through from the first to tho last in the series. . Remedies—First, bookcases should not bo made light with glassdoors. Wire netting is far referabla, becsuse the books are kept drier. 00 fresh siris all important, An upper story is superior to s basement, being loss lisble to gather monld, which is a forest of minute vines in which bookworms ramble for exercise. Never 1ot » year pass withont exposing the books to a bright sunlight while dusting them, eléo cxpos- ing the open leaves to & fresh current of gir. Competitive Examination in China. Dr. Hitchcock, now on a visit to Chbina, writes tothe Amherst Siudentan sccount of the Chi- nese fashion of conducting competitive examina- tions for literary degrees. The trisl occars once in three yosrs, ahd is held in\an immense yard containing sbout nine thousand cells, each of them about six feet by four. Into one of these brick cells, with whataever food or light he may choose to furnish, esch candidate himself to write his esiay; going on one evening and staying until the second moming, at which tune the essay must bo finishes During these tnirty-six hoars karmninuentirulz by himself. The essay is examined first wit reference to chirograpby and orthography. If there is any defect here, it is mercilesely con- signed to the waste basket. Itis then sent to tho copyist, and afterward sealed up for the ex- aminers. ALl the essaya are given to two assist- ant examiners, who examine them, each one slone, and under the watch of a monitor. The papers by this time sre thinned out, and thoso that have borne the trial are handed to tho two Imperial examiners, who decide tho succossfal competitors. How would our American collego boya like it if they hadto take their degrees throngh thorny wazs? Coming down to modarn times, we find Martin Luther to have been one of the most charming talkers of thosges. Fond of socioty, fond of music, fond of children, intensely earnest, out- epoken, and bubbling over with humor, he had juut tho qualities which make s good converser, and we find his *Table-Talk” abounding in those ilfurainated thoughts that cast ‘“ a light as from a painted window " upon overy theme, even the darkest and most dreary. Coarse and vio- lent Lo sometimes wes; he used “plain words, stript of their shirts;” called, Spartan-like, a spade s epade; snd loved—as what Teuton does not?—his glass of beer. But revolutions are notmade with ross-water, nor can broadaxes have the delicacy of edge of ra- zors. The more intimately we koow Luther, the better we like him, for, s snother has said, “he has the charm of nature. Of the most del- icato wine & man is sometimes tired ; but water is etornally frosh and new, as welcomo the thou- sandth time ns the first.” In illustration the great Reformeris especially happy. When I am assailed,” e gays, with heavy tribulations, I rush out among my pigs, Tather than remain alone by myeelf. The human heart is liko 2 mill- stone ina mill ; when you put whest ander it, it turns and grinds and bruises the wheat to flour. 1¢ you pat no wheat, it still grinds on ; butthen 'tis itself it grinds and wearsaway.” Somctimes he tells a good story, aa this: ““An idle priest, instead of reciting his breviary, used to run over tho alphabet, and then Bay: ‘O my GoJ, take this alphsbet, and put it together how yom will ' Had Dr. Martin lived in our day, he wonld perhaps have throwa his inkstand atsomo other persona besides the devil, It is plain that De had no sympathy with bluestockings or ““wom- an's-rightsers,” for he eays : “There is no gown. or garment that worse becomes s woman than when she will bs wise.” Though ofien deeply depressed, Le always counsclled gaicty of heart in others. “'The birds,” e said, ‘‘must fly over our heads, but why allow them to roost in our bair.” o Treading closeupon the heéls of Luther, comes snother royal talker, Sealiger;—not Julius Ceear, but Joscph—whose * Ana” Hallam pro- nounces the best ever published. His enormous ‘memory, which held everything 8 with hooks of steel, and his prodigions learning, wore the won- der of the world. His pride wad as imperial as his genius; and his egotism was absolutely sublime. No King or Emperor, he' declares, was g0 handsome 8s his father, and then adds: “Look st me; I am exacdy like him, and especislly the squiline nose!” He regarded himself as the monarch of the literary realm, and spoke of contemporary scholars with contempt and scom. They were all, or nearly sll, atheists, pedants, spes, or aases, unworthy to loose even the latohet of hia ghoes, Of Justus Lipsius he says: “I caro as little for Lipsius' Latin as he does for Cicora's;"” and of the Germans, *The Germans are indif- ferent what wine they drink, so that it is wine, or what Latin thoy speak, 80 thatit is Latin.” In the next century, the most brilliant talk to ‘be heard in Europe was that of the wits of the “Mermaid” in London, whose conversational fome, had they but had a Menago or other “chiel amang them'taking notes,”. would bave rivalled, if not eclipsed, tAat of the diseurs of Louis the Fourteenth's age in France. To this famous haunt came the *“myriad-minded” Shakspeare ; the brawny egotist, Ben Jongon; tho metaphysician, divine, seor, pedant, ‘and poet, Donney that encyelopzdia on legs, Seldon; Benumont, Fletcher, Chapman, Raleigh, and other gods of intellect, who, sested in & room sell filled with tobaceo smoke, and st a table covered with cups of canary, passed many an bour “ayant the twal” in eoxchsuging their bolts and flashes. It was hero that came off those merry meetings and wit-combats which Fallerhsa colobrated and Besumont so finaly painted : What things havo we seen . ‘Done at the Mermaid ! bard words that have been 80 nimble, and o full of subtle flame, A8 If that every one from whom they came Had meant to put his whole witn 3 jest, ‘And had resolved to live a fool tho rest Of bia dull life, * * ‘We left an aix behind us, which alono TWas ablo to make the twa next companies Right witty, thongh but downright fools. Of all these flashes of wit and sentiment— theso spoken fireworks—we have, slas! not & seintillation. The chasm is one of the most deplorable inliterature. Think of Shakspearc'a talk reported with the fulness and accuracy of 8 Boswell] Luckily wo have a few jottings of “0ld Ben's " talk while he was visiting Drum- mond, of Hawthornden ; though oven these are 80 meagre snd ~fragmentary, sand come from g0 hostilo & pen, that the rulo ez pede Herculem hardly spplies. - There aro enough of them, however, to show that he was what we should infer from his plays,—an English, man to the backbone. His bluff, hearty manner, his swaggering, boastful way of speaking of his own works, his vanity, egotism, lovo of deep potations, his dogged self-will, stern integrity, hatred of basencss and meanncss, and vein of sterling sense, all peop out even in theso imper~ fect notes, and give ua a tolerable photograph of tho man. *He would not flatter,” ho enid, “‘though he saw Death.” Of Queen Elizabeth, e said that “She never saw herself, after sha bocsme old, in o true glass; they painted her, and _somelimes would vermilion her nose.” Of all stylos, ho said hs most loved to bo named Honest; and bhath of that one ‘hundred letters so naming him.” That he had felt the gripe of poverty wo have painful proof in the atatement that *sundry tymes he hath devourad his books,” that is, sold them to supply himself with food. His judgments on other poets were insolently magisterial, and remind one of Scaliger. Donne, for “not keeping of accent, deserved hanging;” Sharpham, Dag, and Dekkar were all rogues ; and Abram Fraunce, in his English hexameters, ““ was 5 foole.” The remark in which he most vividly photographs himself, is this: *He bath consumed a wholo night 1n Ising looking to his great too, about which ho hath seen Tartars and Turks, Romans, and Carthaginisna fight in his imagination.” Of that * gul? of learning,” John Selden, w3 have, most fortunately, some of the treasures in his “Tablo Talk,” published by his amanuensis, Richard Milward, in 1639. In reading its pages, it seems difficult to beliova thaiwe are listening to the great Bencher of the Inner Temple, who was “tho law-book of ¢heJudges;” to the orator who thundered sgrinst “‘tonnage and pound- sge™ in the Houso of Commons; still loas, to the suthor of the dry *Titlea of Honor,” and the ponilerons, crabbed * Marmorn Arandelians, Sive Baxa Graces Incisa.” Buot Selden hadan intellect of wondrons flaxibility; like the elc- phant’s trunk, it could uproot an osk, or pick up apin. Dryand bristling with Iove in his writings, De can bo in his conversation as simplo and play- ful as s child. He is, “still, the grest scholar snd the tough parliamentarian, but merry, familiar, and witty. Tho anerithmon gelasma is on the sea of his vast intellect. Ho writes like the opponent of Grotius; he talks like the friend of Ben Jonson.” Our inexorable Limits prevont us from giving many bits of his tall, but we present s fow. Of fricnds, he says : 014 frionds are best, King James nsed to call for his old Shoes ; they were easiest for his Feot.” Utder Langusge, wo read: *Words must be fitted to o man's mouth ; "twas well said of the Fellow that was to make a Speech for my Lord Mavor, he des’red to tske meaaure of his Lordship's Mouth.” It is in this “Table-Talk” that is found tho saying 8o admired by Coleridge, that transab- stantintion is ¢ only rhetoric turned into logic;" and the happy comparison of faith and works to | light and heat : “‘Put out the candle and they are both gone; one remains not withont the other; 80 ’tis betwixt faith gnd works.” Of the Sabbath he asks: * Why ehould I think ol the Fourth Commandment helongs tome, when all the Fifth doeanot? What land will the Lord give me for honoring my father? It was spoken to tho Jawe. with reference 0 tho Land of Cs- | bably will take some sction mirablo advico: “First o your g your Logic, and thon your nhczmc.mfiz."::_‘-' without Logic is likoa Treo with Leayen gy Blossoms, but no Root. That Rhetosic 15 M‘": swhich is most seasonsblo and most An instanco wo hava in that old Llunt O mander at Cadiz, who showed himselt 5 gooy Orator, being to say something 1o his aglans (which he was not used to do), e o Dnglohan, o , you Englishmen, that feed y and Brewess, {0 let those Bamu'ypg:.nm..d, beaf you fhat eal noffing bul Oranges and Lemons. ‘And 50 put more Courage into his Men thay by could have dono withia more learned Oratigy® It is 8aid to bo impossiblo to read Bacemy Eseays for tho fftieth time withont beg struck by some new and original remark or see: ing somo thought placed in & now and origing light. Their suggestiveness, the inexhsasiily aliment they supply 0 our own thoughts, is thy grand characteristic of all Dacon's writinga; an) therefora wa cannot but deplore s & figter valde deflendum the laxk of any report of his eope versation. How well he understood the prog; ties and delicacies, a5 well s tho value of tgs, courso,” is shown by his casay on that subjeet] The few sayings of histhat have been preserng are a3 wise, weighty, and denss with thonght sy his printed aphorisms. Ben Jonsor, . sevay judge, Who was chary of his praise, tulk - us that *‘no man ever-spoke more meatly more presaly, more weightily, or suffared ey : emptiness, less idloness, in what he uttersy His hearers could not cough, or look asids froy Ium, without logs. The fearof « beard him was lest he should ma Prolific as was the age of Elizaveth in did talkers, it was not, perhaps, till the ne century, in thereign of Louis Quatorze, fhay, conversation, as an art, culminated. Itwas g &7 Pariy,—that marvellous city where, as Vicke, Hugo says, the grandiose and the burlesqus far. momze, and where the same mouth can by to-day into the trumpet of the last judgme: and to-morrow into tho penny-whisle, —~that ths diseur wes in his glory. The Grand Monarge, himself s brilliant, epigrammatic talker, gy - the cue to his court, and s wit of the tima Frdly his montl: conld Dat out there flow a trope, or emart eaying, which darted fike an cleckia spark through ail the circles of the espital. It has been aptly said that the words which s the counters at the Court were aschoice ss ffa 5 connters they used at cards; it was a8 if g~ ‘monds had been declared a legal tender. Hoous were conferred by the King in don-mols, appoiniments communicated in jeuz deqprd “I( I had known a more deserving: person,” ks would eay, “* I would havs selected him.” When Conde roturned from tha battle of Beoof, Toxis advanced to the head of the etaircaso tomest his great General. The latter, asceading sloviy from the effects of the gout, spologizadia Hin Majesty for making him wait. “¥y ccasin,” was tho reply, “do mot-hmy; Do ohe conld move more quickly wha was losded with . lsurels as -you am® There is no pleasanter intellectusl distaes tion,—no better way of cheating one's dreuy hours of. their ennui,—than- by dipping infotbs Ana of this period, and listening to the die chat, thepleasantrics and pungent eayings otk wits, courtiers, and mon of lotters. Thoymils the elegance and polish of . Chesterfield wihths + keenness aud tersoness of Talleyrand and V- taire. Even foreigners, from fhe frozen orth, are infectod with tho wit of the capital oncaz- ing into it ; and they scarcely begin to Urstha iis atmosphere beforo their icy natures tuw and their mouths dsop fine eayings. Wha: > Christina of Sweden came to Paris, and thegrest | Indiéa rushed to kiss’ her,—*Why,” she ex- cluimed, *they soem to tako mo for & genlle- man!” In fact, s & Quarterly Reviemerre- marlks, “Wihile wo read the Ana of this peried. the air séems'prickly with epigrams. Theyws as thick as fire-flies.” 2 3 3 3 4 . Talleyrand’s Childhoods z When sdarcely s bwelvemonth old, ko vis : Tamed for fifo by s fall. Eloven soars pasd away, during which timo tho fond motherbsf not only never segn har offapring, but wasera 5 ignorant of tho accident that bad befallenhin 7 Abont thia period his unclo, the Bailli de Taly £} rand, & naval Captain, rotarned to France, s a0 absonco of many Sears. Doing desiom o seeing his nephew, he made & joumey @ the remote village to which the boy bal : been exiled. It was in the dopth of i winter that he undertook this expediti. i and the snow lay thick upon 8 ground. As ho nesrad the pisce, be mel the road o bluo-eyed, fair-haired boy, drazed | like a peasant, to whom he offored some siler | to guido him fo Mothor Rogst's (the mume name was Reg=ut). Delightod at the thoughto 2 the promised reward, tho boy eagerly the service, but bo was very lamo, and cond v Xeop paco with the horse, 50 the good-awrd 4 bailli litted him into the saddle. “His and consternation 1y bo imagined whes, 19 arriving st the coitage, he was inforred his poor little Iamo guide he saw the nysher b had come to Beek. Not another hour did Chartes -1 Maurico remain-beneath that roof; ths bl & took the boy back with him fo Paris. fuk was the childhood's days of tho rgem'g: European diplomatist, who was destined ! ‘after to hold tho destinies of France grasp... From the village ho was transplaatod 0 ¢ the College D'Harcourt, whore, all igoanus | ho was whon ho entorod it, ho soon carried sy tho first prices, and became nltiml(eml 7 its most distinguished scholars. His mother»? paid him an occasional visit, but as she ¥y, ‘g8 nccompanied by 8 surgeon, who pullsd, & canterizod, and tortured the boy's ]%k.r isits were moro terrible than pleasing. Butd the pulling, and cauterizing, aad tortayingefic: i ed 10 good—the lamoness was incuruble. T head of the house of Talleyrand musé b scldior—such was the tradition - of - the /3 ily, acd it had nevoryot been doparte] from. ‘;_1 cripplo could not be & soldier. It was a: i £o him that his birthright would be translezti to bis youngor brothor. “ Why so 77 sshed boy. Bocause you aro & cripple,” - wast erael answer. - Whatover of good might havo exisledintd original nhture those bitter Words crmrzsd the flavor of their bitterness lingered i heart unto -the lust days of his life. From® houpin which they werd spoken his : gradnally changed; ho became tactiturn, el and calcalating’; a cynic, 5 heartleas duoc# | :En.fing neither man nor womnn tha?atood 9 o Y,:"‘ of his intarest or bia pleasure.. Holy not beon spared, why should ho epare atheni® 3 was'not for nothing he carned thersafisrS 3 title of le diable boiteuz.—Temple Bar.! i —_—— The French Assembly ) It has beon stated, on a rough estimave & there ara 750 mombers of the French Assestd J This cstimato is too low. France aloze reta 53, Algeria 6, and the colonies 9—mME( ] total of 769. The greatest number that voled 2 the present year was 704, on the recent vola once in M. Thiers. the pumbe s Depaties for France is based on popolsion, liable to vary. The present Assombly ¥4 ed on_ {he rulo of oue Depil Zi every 50,000 inbabitants, plus 999 - every fraction exccedig 30,000 inh:, tanta, tUnder the Empirc, one member ¥ chosen lotu%xoeenl. es,ofo clectors (ot b tants), and the Legialativa boiiy consisted members. In tho Legislativ there were 750 menbera; iu tho Coati=Z Asscmbly of 1848 thero wero 9303 wdflg Monarchy of July, 459 ; under tho Besionti} 450; ander the Pirst Empiro, 620; WS¢ Conatitution of ti:e Republic of tLe year: '!,g only 300; undor shat of the year I1L., there s 500 in the Legislative Assczmbly of 119 ,fi were 750 ; and 1n the Coostitucnt y 1789, & crowd of 1,200 membars. he St. Louls Fraspital for Fal% TWomen. St. Loufs Republican Report. women waut i3 tobactd room ;hem thuylmay all :If" 4 do as thoy please, keeping, of comres, £ bounds of ;raprinty. pniy are ono 2ud lflgj in their damu::) fq.i,:haa_eu sdmuun‘s,‘d they are providez, thoy will never 2 o plensed with, tho hosgital. 2Mort of e perfect masters of tho neo of el aad 105 smoking tle one and chewing tho otbEri o 8 Wik now nearly disiracted 1 B3 man to deay him his we Liow these women feel. The matter has been mentioned to the Boud.’md b