Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 17, 1872, Page 4

y ] THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: . THURSDAY; OCTOBER 17, 187 ? TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. 1, S8 OF STRSCRISTION (PATANLE IN ADVASCE). 7 o X as.. bionh gy 2 L Parts of a year at the eame rate. To provent dolay and mlstakes, be sure and give Pott Ofce addrees in full, Inclading State znd County, Remittancés miy be ade cither by draft, oxpress, Post Office order, or in registercd lotters, at our risk. " TEDMS TO CITT SUBSCRIDERS. Dally, delivered, Sunday cxcepted, 25 cents per week. Dally, delivered; Bundzy included, 0 ceats per swock. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, * - No: 15 South Oanal-st., Chicago, 1L TRIURE Branch Offce, No. 469 Wabash-av., in the Bookstare of Messss. Cobb, Andrews & Co., where advertisements and subscriptions will bo reocived, aod will receive the samo attention as if left at the Main Offce. - ETHE TRIBURE connting-room and business department will remain, for the preseat, at No. 15Cans -~ et. Ad- vertisements ahonid bo handed in at that plece. :AMUSEMENTS THIS EVENING. MVICKER'S THEATRE-Msdison strect, between Biaty s Dearbors: James 1. MoVicker, Eropretor and mau: . Enchwne:l o] 5, o oy e icker, eil, ergar Do ¥ ie Bionoall, Myors, and Fost. AIKENR'" ATRE—-Wabash avenue and Congress t. sc;xz(zflfd é.mwlr:r. lz‘lglnu. 3::};1!;&:“%. Ot G e e Reven Gifiad Soevanis.r ACADEMY OF, MUSIC—Halsted, moar Madison stroot, 0. B, Gardner, manager. **Whose Wifo.” Miss Etiray and 3. W, Blaistell in lesding pacts. 3 PARK CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH— Contecy by Teanhoo LoOko - o dhras Aanio Eancis, M. Blschoff, Professor Goazy, Thos. Goodwillie, R. Myers, Lonis Fatk. AN 'AVENUE BAPTIST CHURCH-Pro- o Y, Mardoch: Roadings from Shokspoars, Dickens, and modern poets. . MYERS' _OPERA HOUSE—Moproo strect, betwoen tato and Dearborn. managor. Arlington, sl S. Myers, Eomblo end Cotton's Minscrels and Burlesque Company. GLOBE THEATRE —Desplaines _stroct, _betwoen D e N et ith e Mafhotes 1omilss Atiber uriot) 1te] inment, wi ie Mathews family, rogory, William Carloton, O. A. Gardner, Mi=s Gilmer, 254 Costa's Ballet Troape- NIXON'S AMPHITHEATRE — Clinton, between Washington and Randoiph strects. Roberts’ Combina- tion. Messrs. Mooning, Hurley, Aasr, Bray, olc. HALSTED STREET QPERA HOUSE—Corner of Harrison stroct. McEvoy's New Hibernicon, represent- ing a tour in Ircland. : FIRE ANNIVERSARY NUMBER! FIRE ANNIVERSARY NUMBER ! FIRE ANNIVERSARY NUMBER! Thosale of the donble Fire Anniversary Number still continues at THE TRIBUNE Connting Room, 15 Canal-st. OVER SIXTY THOUSAND! OVER SIXTY THOUSAND! OVER SIXTY THOUSAND! Oopics have been called for. Al orders can now be sup- plied. It will not be issned in pamplilet form. . TRIB COMPANY. The @hienge Tribuwe, Thursday Morning, October 17, 1872. Yesterdsy the registration of votera closed, and seemingly but & smell number of voters en- rolled themselves. The registry will be open for additional names on Tuesdzy, Oct. 29, and re wain open one dsy only. Judge Gary, yesterday, overruled the motion for a new trial in the Blake divorce case, and, assuming that eobstantisl justice has been done, the public have resson to be thankful that the case is notto be tried again. Blake has appealed to the Bupreme Conrt. The facts concerning the frauds in the elec- tion at Philadelphia, are alresdy becoming pub- lic. The judges of one ward repudiste the official returns, and the known frauds in the city slready aggregate 15,000 votes. %he champion poisoner lives in Auckland, Kew Zealand. She is named Mary Ann Ootton, and is under arrest for & long career of system- atic poisoning, including 15 children, three hus- bands, and one boarder. She stands at the head of the profession. em—— ‘The election in South Carolins, yesterday, be~ tween the two Grant tickets for Governor and State officers, resulted in the election of Moses, the regular nominee. He was the man who hanled down the American flag upon the sur- render of Fort Sumter. . The oprosition ran candidates for Congress in only two districts, and it is thonght that Governor B. F. Perry hes been elected. ‘The will of the late Governor Seward was read yesterday; by it he leaves the family mansion to two of his gone, and the rest of the estate in equel parts tohis three sons end his adopted dsughter, Miss Olive Risley Seward. This lady was the companion and friend of Miss Seward, and hes been a member of the family ever since that lady’'s death. She accompanied the ex- BSecretary in his journey around the world. An editorial paragraph in Tae TRIBUNE of yes- terday stated thst no lives were lost by the Lacla Belle dieaster. This statement was erroncons,— Iater intelligence than that on which the pars- graph was founded (and which later intelligence appeared in the same issue) stating that three persons are known to have perished: P. H, Lip- pincott and L. Wyener, of Milwaukee, and W. Smith, of Watertown, Wis. The Railroad Committee of the Common Council yesterdsy sgreed upon a report recom- mending viaducts over the tracksof the Chi~ cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad at Michigan and Wabash avenues, and at State and Clark streets. The viaducts are tobe in the clear six feet above the grade of those streets, and the tracks are to be depressed 0 as to allow the cars to pass under them. The same Committee report adversely on all the propositions for in- creased horse-railroads, leaving the transporta- tion to the free competiticn of cmnibus lines, In 1857, the revenume collected at the port of Gloncester, Massachusetts, was $53,461.61. To get this amount, twelve men wero employed, st an aggregate ealary of £6,747.67. In 1872, the whole imports of Gloucester fell below tho reve- nue collected there in 1857. The precise sum was £54,188. Nevertheless, nineteen men were smployed, at an aggregate salary of £16,310.15. The revenue must be about one-fifth of what it was in 1857. Yet the force of men was increased over one-half, and the cost of collection has more than doubled. Is this economy ? The North German Gazelle defines the posi- tion of Germany toward England and France. The definition cannot be particularly consolatory o either. Tho Gazetle says that it is a sortof superstition in its country that England is Prus- gia’s friend, and that the people therefore bear with parfect serenity the bitter attacksof ihe British press on the treatment of Alsace-Lor- raine, As for France, we aro assured that Ger- many does not hate her. For the French papers whick declere that ehe does,. Germany feels “a quiet contempt not without an admixture of sincere commiseration.” Itis easy to imagine the faryof & French zuthor who flatiers himselt that his hated foes are writhing under his at- tacks, when ho hears that they feel only a scornful pity for him. We may be pardoned, Lowover, for thinking, in view of the argst of M. About, that the North Germnan Gazette affects a eerenity that neither it nor its country really possesses. The position of Colonel Fomey and Mr. Curtin, with reference to the Administration, sines tho election in Pennsylvania, affords & Indicrous esample of the uncertainties which wilt sdretimes heng over the best of politicians. Tho triiimph of Hartranft, however it may have ‘been accomplished, involved & porsonal triumpk. of Csmeron over Forney. Having conguered his long-timé opponents, with characteristic impudence, he went to tho President and de- mended that their scalps ebonld be given to him a8 trophies of his prowess as a ballot- stuffer. The President, however, took a phil- osophical view of the situation, and rightly reasoning that if ho took off their scalps now, to hang in Cameron’s belt, thoy wonld bo inca- pacitated from rendering him any eervice in November, he declined the request for the pres- ent, with thanks. Meanwhile, Forney is work- ing for Grant as cheerfully as could be ex- pected of & man with tho halter round his neck, uncertain at what moment the platform may drop from under him. In the National Board of Tradc, yesterday, resolutions were =adopted denouncing scrip dividends, watering of stock, and issne of stock withont full money circulation; also, asking for State lIaws to punieh the issue of spurious ware- house receipts, and to make valid receipts nego- | tiable. Thero was a warm debate on tho subject of freights. It was proposed to amend & reso- lution acking that the railroads adopt & pational classification of freights, by inserting & clanso that Congress should, by law, authorize individ- nals and companies to run their own roll- ing stock on railways, thereby creat- ing competition. This bronght out repeated and earnest protests against the assumption of any farther powers by the General Government; and the declaration of & delegate that he was for appealing for relief to the States through which the railroads run, and not to Congress, was warmly applauded. No action was taken on the subject. Resolutions suggesting that railroads bemade responsible for the weight of grain ehipped, and one offered by Philadelphis, de~ nonncing corners, were discussed and referred. Boston submitted & proposition to abolish all taxes or head-money on immigrants. The Corporation Counsel yesterday repeated & decision given by him, to the effect that it was not lawful for the polico authoritics in charge of station-houses to receive bail or deposits for the appearance, next day, of persons arrested for digorderly conduct or other misdemeanor; and that such persons must be detained at. the station nuntil discharged in due form of law. However correct this decision may be, it will operate very oppressively, and is liable tobe grossly abused. The various etations have but fow cells, and can hold, with any re- gard to decency, but few persons. The num- ber of persons arrested sometimes is treble the capacity of the stations, Six hours’ im- prisonment in one of these dens is worse than a month inthe State Prison. Thoss arrests are made without warrant, and any person, no mat- ter how innocent of crime, is liable to arrest. To compel persons thus arrested to remainin these cells packed like swino for 6, 24, or, if the arrest is made on Saturday evening, for 86 hours, is an inhumenity for which there can be no justification. It is possible that the Common Council msy, by ordinance, prevent the abuses which may result from the enforcement of this their new order. The Chicago produce markets were weak yes- terday, end most of them were lower. DMess pork was quiet, and steady on cash lots, at $14.25 @14.50; and easier on fature, at $12.75@12.90, geller March. Lard was dull at 8%@8}c for cash lots of winter, and 73/{@8c for summer. Meats were dull and unchanged, at 6@63c for shoulders, and 10@103¢c for short ribs. Highwines were quiet, but firm, at88c per gal- lon, Thke freights were sctive, and ndvanced 1c, closing at 16c for corn by sail o Buffalo. Flour was dull, and easier on low grades. Whent 'was moderately active, but weak, declining 13{c, and closed gt 81.109@1.10 seller the month, and $1.10% seller November. Corn was dall, and 1c lower, closing at 81}¢c cash, and 32)4c seller November. Oats were dull and declined Xc, closing at 21%¢c for seller the month, and 22%¢ @22%c seller November. Rye was quiet, and 2 @%4c easier, closing at 515{/@52c. Barley was active, and 3¢c higher, closing at 63%/@6tc for cash No. 2 or geller the month, and 6334c seller November. The hog market was again weak and unsettled, closing heavy at 10@15¢ off from yseterday's prices, orat 34.45@4.70. Thoreceipts reached 19,642, There was more activity in the cattlemarket, but native stock eold lower. Tex- 2n8 were firm. Sheop met with & liberal inquiry at unchanged prices. Up to 1871, no lcsa than onc hundred and seventy-one millions of dollars were spent by the,United States upon the Indians,—not includ- ing the cost of Indian wars, and the mainten- ance of the Indian Bureau. As the tribes grow emaller, the expenditure grows larger. Twenty years ago we spent on them two millions of dollars; now we average seven millions annuslly. Itisa curious fact, in face of these enormous bounties, that our red brother is in- variably referred to as the *poor Indian;” but the explanation is easily found in the opulence of the Indian Agent. When Goneral Walker wes placed at the head of the Indian Bareau, en immediate improvement was vigible in its conduct; but he is about to retiro, in order to accept a Professor's chair in the Scientific School at Yale. His depariure leaves unoccupied one of tha richest places in the Government for stealings. Already tho old Indian Ring are training one of the most offen- sgive of the party strikers for the position. Har- 1an and Cameron support him, which issnficient reagon why no onp else should do so. Itisby making suitable appointments in cases like theso that real Givil Bervice Reform is to be se- cured. [ — Last Sunday, at very nearly the same moment that the Rev. Mr. Ritchio, of Cincinnati, began one of the old-fashioned sermons against tho opening of Libraries and Art Gelleries on Sun- day, the Free Reading-Room of the Cooper Insti- tute, in New York, was thrown open to tho pub- lic. When Henry Ward Beecher, lsst April, at tho invitation of several hundred members of the Mercantile Library of the eame city, mado his eloguent plea for some other Sunday resorts for the thousands of strangers and homsless young men of Now York than the grog-shop and the street, Mr. Hewitt, Chairman of the Cooper Union, arose, and, amidst the cheers of the vast audience, promieed, in behalf of the Trustees, that their reading-room would be opened 83 goon @g proper altergtiops copld be made. Tho Mercantile Library Reading-Room +was opened the very nest Sunday, and Lss been opon ever since, with the happiest results. Notwithstanding the brilliant weather which at- tracted thoueands to Central Park, the favorito Sunday-resort for New Yorkers, over four hundred persons visited the Cooper Iustitute Reading-Room,—an attendanco equal to that of other daye, considering tho numbers of hours it was open. The Public Library of Cincinnati has Leen open on Sundays for & year and a half, and the testimony of Mr. Poole, in his Fifth Annual Re- port, just published, will do more to encourage doubting Trustces and Directors of other li- braries to imitate the experiment than Mr. Ritchio's intolersnt arguments can undo. He ‘says: In 1871, the average daily attendance on Sunday Toso from 913 for tho first eight months to 507 in December. Tho issues since Juno 22, tho dato of tho anuual Te- port, havo been 3,980, ogainst 2,302 during tho seme period of 1871,—or an’ increase of 66 per cout. Thoso who fear that the Sunday library will draw off attend- anco from church, will be encouraged to learn that the Clncinnati Librery is much more frequented in tho afterncon and _cvening than in tho moiming. “ On the other hand,” says Mr. Poole, it i8 o noticeablo fact that many of that class of young men who have strolled about the strcets on Sunday, and epent tho doy in o less profitablo manuer, are habitually frequenting the rooms, and spending & por- tion of tho doy in reading, Tho deportment of read- craon Sundsy hs been unexceptionsble, and the rooms have been as still snd orderly as on secular daye, While some resders have called for religious ‘books, the other classes of reading sought for have, in the main, beon instructivo and profitabie.” ‘WHAT THE LIBEEAL PARTY HAS DONE. The boast of the Grant party, and thé in- ferenco drawn by somo wesk-hoarted porsons in tho Liboral party, that because tho reguler Republicens were successful in twvo States at the October clections, thereforo the cause of Liberal Reform is defeated, have no foundation in fact. That cause was not affected in tho least by the October elections. The great truths which are embodied in the Cincinnati platform will still exist as trnths after November, as before. Their excellence will be just as undeniable, and their necessity just as pressing. They underlio tho prosperity and perpetuity of the Republic. They are superior to the accident of an election, which is at best but an incident of the grent battle. If Mr. Greeloy should be elected, then the Liberal movement will crystallize itself im- ‘mediately and theso truths will be putinto prac- tical operation. If IMr. Greeloy should be de- feated, thése truths still remain and posscss the eamo binding force which they aro destinod some day to exert. The Liberal movement was not based on ephemeral issucs, but had its founda- tion in the absolute necessity of veform, grow- ing out of the corruptions of an old party, .whose vital principles have been accom- plished, and which hes nothing left to do but to promote personal ends. The ob- ject” of that movement is not accomplish- ed untl this reform i3 sccured. The Republican party, 88 now controlled, is & party without any future purpose, except that of personal eggrandizement, without any principles except the husks of traths which long ago went to seed. It, therefore, revolves about and de- pends for existence upon one man, the appoint- ing power, who, instcad of representing princi~ ples, is the purveyor of the patronage which keeps it alive. The Reform movement, on the other hand, has a sure hold on the fature, for it is founded on principles vitally necessary to the permanence of free institutions. ‘Whatever may be the event of the November election, the fact still remains that no political party, in the history of this country, has ever accomplished so much before in go short a time. In reviewing its work, it must be remembered that no party hes ever before hed to labor against such obstacles. It was obliged at tho ontset to oppose itself to the dominant party, which had the advantage of discipline, the pres- tigo of past successes, the influenco of tho cn- tire public patronage, the occupancy of oll tho public offices, carpet-bag control of one section of the country, and possession of the votes of & wholerace of people recently emancipated from slavery and invested with the elective fran- chise. Against such 0dds as these, tho Liberal party has worked withont organization, without office to bestow, withont money to spend, with- out the control of a vote further than that vote could be influenced by a plain declaration of truth, withont the concentrated power of Tings, without anything but the inherent forco of its principles. Notwithstanding those- dieedvan- tages, it has accomplished enough to entitlo it to the everlasting gratitade of the country. The ‘war of the rebellion was waged under a Republi- can Administration. It organized srmies and flects, and employed the power of the country to suppress the rebellion, and succceded. It con- quered the arms, but not tho hearts of the South. It has forced obedience there, but hasnever cul- tiveted loyzlty, or sought to inspire patriotic feeling; on the contrary, it has done cverything to repress and discourage such feeling. What the Republican party has failed to do in this respect, the Liberal party has accomplished. Under tho influcnce of ite policy of reconciliation, and its demand that all sections of the country shall be treated alike, and that every State shall be loft frae to manage its internal affairs, without dictation from the Federal Administration, the South has publicly and voluntarily proclaimed its loyalty to the Union, its acceptanco of all tho results of the war, and its willingness to submit to and obey the aunthority of tho Constitution and tho laws, and to vote for an Abolitionist. For this ad- ‘mission, which is 2 matter of public record, the country is indebted to tho Liberal party, which accomplished in &ix months, by the arts of peace, what the Republican party had feiled to accomplish in six yars, by the arts of war. The Liberal movement has removed all re- maining opposition to the three laet Constitu~ tional Amendments. It has thoroughly 2nd for- ever removed the pre-existing hostility to the negro, which is a fact of tho first magnitnde a8 affecting the future of thelatter. It hasin- duced tho Democratic party to accept its plat- form, and by this act hes forever removed the question of elavery from our political system, thus meking it imposeible eyer again to establish & pro-glavery party. These are permanent benefits which will affect the country foryears tocome, whether Grant or Greeley be elected; and theirinfluence hereafier must permeste and affect the whole policy of the Government, and elevate our Republican syatem in the eyesof the world. The benefits which Liave arisen from this mew commingling, nob only of different nationalitics, but of thoso who have hitherto been bitter partisan opponents, involving the obliteration of old party lines and prejudices; the cetablishment of amoreinéepend- ont epirit of thought and action in political mat- ters, and thedisenthrallment of mon from pertisan dictation and ceucus corruptions, & freedom which will grow more and 13010 complete in tho futuro; the disposition and the right to moro clesely zcrnfin}ze the conduct of public mon arnd bold them strictly responsible for ' their actions ; the oxposure of the ffauds and corruptionsof carpet- bag government in the South, and of the extra- ordinary perversicns of the Civil Service in every part of the country, which have occurred with plarming frequency since the initiation of the Presidential campaign ;—all these facts will havo an unmistakable influonco for good, unless the people of this country havo bocome g0 politi- cally debauched £hat they nro resdyto indorse any abuge, however flagrant or unlawful it may bo,—a suppczition we are not propared to belicve. The conclusion is inovitable that tho Cincin- nati Convention, and the campaign which has followed it, kavo conferred an enduring benefit upon tho country, and have purified end digni- fied its political system. Tho movementis still in its infancy. It is the party of the future, "and its grentest achievements aro yet to come. The election in November is but an episode in its history. It may bear fruit, or it mey only break the ground for the fature harvest. This is only of temporary consequence. It does mot affect the final result, nor does itlessen the high honors which statesmon like Sumner, Trambull, and Schurz desorve at the hands of self-respect- ing people for the bravery and independenco they have displayed in defying Party ratherthan abandon Principlo. HOW THE PACIFIiC RAILROAD WAS BUILT. Moges Bates, Eeq., of Boston, hos addressed a lotter to tho Springfield (Mass.) Republican, in which ho exposes some of the featurcsof the enormons swindle which hss been porpetrated upon the peoplo of the United States, in con- nection with the Pacific Railrond. One of theso flagrant violations of good faith, which tho Credit Mobilier was concerned in, oceurred, ac- cording to Mr. Bates, in the location and con- struction of the road. When the charters were granted to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific, the surveys had beon made and the length of cach of the roads was shown by the following figures : Trion Pacific (Omaha to Opden. ... ..955 705-1000 miles Central Pocific (Ogden to San Fran- CI5C0)cuvaarennnnennasonsssnaseasTOl 205-1000 miles Total, Omaha to Ban Francisco.. 1,657 miles The timo tables, ss they are now printed, malko the distances as follows: Omaha to Ogden.... Ogden 10 San Francisco, Possengers are now obliged, for an excess of two hundred and fifty-six miles of meandering, which has taken from the people of tho United States somo twenty millions of @ollars in public lands end Government bonds, in eddition to the subsidies sccured in 1862 and 1864. In giving the roads this circuitous direc- tion, the corporations, of course, sccured those lands which wero the most valuable,—tho amend- ed charter of 1864 giving them, for ecch mile of road, ten alternate scctions of land, extending twenty miles back on cach side, with Govern- ment bonds bearing G per cent interest, at the rate of $16,000 per mile, the amount to be doubled end trebled over the Rocky Mountaing and Bierra Nevadas. With regard to the coc- struction of the rond, Mr. Bates says: For cach mile 50 added to thelr line of rond they se- cured of their ovn and the Government bonds $32,000, t0 bo increased to $96,000 for every mile they could thus gain over tho Rocky Mountains ; whilo in the _opinion of every railroad export who has cxamined the 0ad, it wes built in the cheapest and poorest manner ‘poseible, and never actually cost but a fraction of the nominal price stipulated in the contracts, npon tho performance of which they wero casbled to socuro the subsidles from tho Government, Another swindle, in connection with the Cen- tral Pacific, was the purchase of tho charter and the aasumption of tho managomont of the road betweon Sacramento and San Jose, in Califor- nia,—a road which is 120 miles from the Pacific const, and has no claim upon the Government for subsidies. Novertheless, they succeeded in getting o gift from Congress of $1,820,000, be- sides o large land grant, and then abandoned all but fifty miles of the road, and supplied San Jose by o rond from San Francisco. These two frauds alone show why the Credit Mobilier was necessary, and why it was indispen- eable that it should havo partners in Congress. TIn no othor way could these rosds kave been so constructed that tho men who controlled the Credit Mobilier could get not only the whole stock of the road, but also the receipts of the sale of first mortgage bonds, which aro now be- low par, and malke it impossible for anything to be realized by the public for tho seventy millions of second mortgage bonds, which havo got to bo paid by the Government, trincipal and inter- est. In the light of such transactions ss these, it is not difficult to understand Mr. Oates Ames when he says, “Ishall placo them whero they will do most good.” 1,032 miles 861 miles TIIE PRICE OF CORN. Mr. W. E. Dodge, of Now York, an eminent merchant of that city, in his eddroes opening the gossion of the National Board of Trade, reforred to the mnecossity for incroased transportation facilities botween tho West and the East, and s0id that something must be dono, and at once, upon this subject. Wo have repeatodly pointed out tho fact that the means of transportation of grain were becoming 6o inadequato to the de- mand, that the production of grain itself would ero long prove o loss instead of & profit to the farmer. The cost of transporiation, and its effect upon the producer may-bo seen by the fol- lowing scalo of present prices of a bushel of comn at tho verious points named: Liverpool, 92{c, currency; Now Yorl, 65c; Chicago, 82¢; raflrond station 150 miles wost of Chicago, 15c. Tho differenco between the 92}{ cents at Liver- pool and the 15 cents at the railroad station 150 ‘mileg west of Chicago, is the chargo for trans- ‘portation, insurance, commisgion, &. Without discussing how the cost of transportation is divided between preducer and consumer, we ob- gervo that afallof 1, or even 5, cents in the price at Liverpool is gonerally followed by g like reduction” at New Yok, Chicago, and at tho placo of shipment, Tho producer in Towa gen- crally has to take for his corn the pricoin Liyer- poo), less the entire cost of moving it. Cornis now offered 150 or 200 miles west of Chicago, de- livered at tho railroad station, at 15 cents, and oats ot 8 to 9 cents per bushel. But from even this miserable pittance there is to be dedacted the cost of moving it from the corn-crib on tho farm to the rail- road station. Assuming that this distance will everage 15 miles, it will cost tho farmer the value of the time and labor of one man end & twe-horse team an entire day to deliver a load of 80 bushels at tho station. At 15 cents per bushel, his entire receipts for the corn, and the use of his wagon, team, and laborer for the day will be but §£.50,—not equal to the price ho has topay for o set of shoes for one of his horscs. Reising ‘corn and oats at this price can hardly be eaid to be profitable; particularly when the cost of cvery imported article for which the farmer wishes to cxchange his corn bearscn averago tax of 49 per cont. His Jentire 30 bush- als of corn, with the timo end laboy of hjmesls, and the wagon and two horses for, one day; vfll—l—;ppmprinte, particulerly in & Ropublican Gov- not pay the tax 6n tw6 pair of blanKets, nor pay the tax on an overcoat; or on ton dollars’ worth ot any woollen goods receded for his family. . The first remedy for this is such sn increase_ in the means of transportation that the cost of moving the grain shall be reduced. Time was when the Erie Canal could move all the bread- stufls of the West. Of late years, the railrosds have beon employed aleo; but, while the canal ‘was opon, the rates of transportation ware regu- lated by those on the canal. But the continued neglect of the State of New York to increase the ‘width and depth of that canal has 80 limited itg “means that the number of boats capeble of being used thereon has becomie so few, in proportion 0 the demand, that the rates of freight (includ- ing the consideration of time) have advanced to nearly the standard of railroed trafiic; and the roilroads, no longer considering the canalasa competitor, have advanced theirrates to the point where it now requires one bushel of corn at Chicago to pay the freight on another from Chicago to New York. The great body of consumers derive no sdvantage from the small price paid to the producer of grain ; the price of breadstuils to the Eastern consumer is as high s when tho producer got twice as much as he now receives. Tho forcign purchaser pays 93X cents per bushel in Liverpool, 15 cents of which represents the value of corn, and 773 cents represents the cost of moving the corn from Towa to Liverpool. The means of getting onr surplus grain from Chicago to Buifalo are ample; but across the State of New York thers is now nomore proportionate outlet to the great bulk of it than there waswhon Clinton begun his canal. Then comn was hauled to market by wagon, costing for transportation one or two bushels to pay tho freight.on one bushel ; now the cost of transportation is in many cases even grenter than that. The time has now come when the production of grain on the present scale must be abandoned, or there mustbe a canal equal to the wants of steam navigation from the lakes to the Hudson, or from Lake Erie to the Bt. Lawrence, below the rapids. We must have through steam navi- gation to New York or to Montreal, or we must stop raising breadstuffa boyond what is needed for neighborhood consumption. Nothing is gained by railing at the railroads and vessel- owners. Grant that they are extortioners. The fact is, there is more stuff to be moved than the canal and the railroads can carry. Preach till the crack of doom,—thay will charge all they can get. We must have a new outlet, and, in our judgment, the St. Lawrenco only can furnish it. Let the National Board of Trade canvass this question thoroughly. Can they devise the means whereby the surplus grain of the country can be carried to market at o cost that will leave somo compensation to the producer? Failing such a remedy, the raising of such surplus will cease. THE TREATY-MAXING POWER. IIr. Lowe, the Chancellor of the Exchequer in England, in his speech at Glasgow upon the Geneva award, took occasion to denounce the provision in the Constitution of the United States requiring ell treaties to be assented to by the Senate. He pronounced this requirement as forming a difficulty in the way of nego- tistions of the most dangerous and per- ploxing nature, and ome which will, if not corrected, some day involve the United Bfates in the greatest possible difficnlty. Heo complains that when & foreign Government treats with an American Minister, the latter has really no power to act for his principal; he treats subject to the future approval of the American Sonate. The English Minister used this argument .ageinst those in Eng- land who sdvoeate the policy of requiring overy treaty to bo spproved by Parliament before becoming & law. Tho fea- ture of our Constitution thus complained of is, porhaps, one of the wisest init. It is one which the country will never abandon. The legisla: tion of Congress may be repealed at any time. Treaties have, by the provision of the Constitu- tion, the samo force as laws, but are not repealable by Congressional legislation. To surrender to the [President alone the power of making irrepealable laws, and binding contracts with other nations, isa step towards centralized power to which the country will never assent. The requirement that treaties shall be ratified by the Scnate, and by & vote of two- thirds of that body, is all that is left to protect tho nation from irresponsible lew-malting by the [Exccative. Bo far from tho United States ever making any such change a8 Mr. Lowe suggests, itis more Likely that bereafterall treatics which roguire the payment of money out of the Treasury, or bind the Govorament, directly or indirectly, to tho puyment of monoy, shall not only be ratified by & two-thirds vote of the Senate, but shall also reecive tho agsent of the House of Representa-~ tives. The Constitution prohibits the oxpendi- turo of any money not appropriated by law,— that is, o law enacted by both Houses'of Con- gross. It husboen a quostion how far the Presi- dent and the Senate, without the nssent of the Houso, can bind Congross to make an appropria- tion. When Mr. Jofferson proposed to purchaso Louisiana he laid the treaty before both Houses of Congress, becanso it required the psyment of $8,000,000, which money would have to be ap- proprinted by the joint action of the two [Houses. This was unques- tiongbly the true doctrine, and, though disregarded in the case of the treaty with Rus- sis for the purchase of Alasks, the House of Representatives of late yoars has shown a dis- position to resist this violation of its preroga- tive, and this degredation of its privileges to the mere execution of laws, in the onactment of which it has novoice. The operation of the rule requiring the assent of tlio Benate to the ratification of troatiés has been beneficial. It has resulted in the defeat of goveral improper irestics, and notably the treaty for the purchase of San Domingo. The objection that the United Ministers liave no power to bind their Government, and that, in dealing with these, foreign Governments areé not dealing with responsible or authorized repre- sentatives, is more specious than substantial. Ono of the most important treaties aver made by the United States wasnegotinted by an unsuthor- ized ageu& thabtreaty gavous peace with Moxico, and by it we acquired California and Now Moexico. When that treaty was presented to President Polk, ho did not object to it, notwithstanding there wero at that time two epecigl envoys in Mexico, sont thitker fo negotiate with that Gove ernment. The irresponsible and unauthorized net of Mr, Trist was accopted by thoe President and the Senato, and becsme & law. It really 'makes no possible differonce by whom s treaty is prepared ; it is the substance of the treaty thet gives it all its consequence, and in the con- siderstion of that substance, by which an entire pation js to be bound, no authority czn be g0 ernment, as that which represents the whole people. Itistrue that this reduces the impor- tance and the functions of representative Min- isters, but that, if a sacrifice of personal conse- quence, is & sacrifice in the intarest of the whole nation. THE CHICAGO LAW INSTITUTE. In the report of the Committee appointed by the Chicago Law Institute to prepare a memorial of the donctions toits library, the gratifying fact appears that that Institute is again firmly established, and that ita librery contains folly one-third of the material which it held before the five. This restoration of two thonsand volumes of the legal authorities, works of reference, and digests of the laws of otherStates, is thrice prec- ious to the bar of Chicago, which in the flames of last year lost not only the magnificent collec- tion the Institute then possessed, but also nearly every privato logal library in the city. With characteristic self-reliance, these gentlemen first helped themselves, and then others helped thom- Within six weeks aftor the fire the members of the Instituts, most of whom had lost homes, offices, papers, everything bub clients, who in their turn had lost almost every- thing that could support litigation, had levied upon themselves & contribution of $3,000 to re-establish the Institute. The first donation from ebroad came from the Governor of New York, who anticipated the action of the Legislature, and sent 500 volumes of tho Session Laws, Revised Statutes, and Re- ports of the State. Connecticnt, Ohio, Arkan- 888, Goorgia, South Carolina, Tennessce, New Hampshire, Rhode Igland, and Virginia followed with similar gifts. Full sets of the Reports and statutes, andall the historical documents, of the State of Virginis, have been promised to the Institute. The birth of Ilinois, her early in- stitutions and laws, make all the archives of Virginia o necessary part of her history; and, on that account, Chicago lawyers are under especial obligations to Governor Walker, who, mindful of the ties created by his former resi- dence in Chicago, has exerted himself to procure for them these valuable volumes. Minister Washburne, who began his practice of the Inw in this State, has tendered tho Institute his own library; and has obtained, by his own eorts, and those of M. Henry Harisse, formerly & resident of Chicaga, & gift of the rarest kind of biographical, geological, historical, and scientific works, from the French Government. Neazly. all the law publishers have sent copies of their publications in part; many individual donations havo been made, noteworthy among which is that of the Hon.Wm. D. Kelley, of Phil- adelphis, who sends nearly one hundred and fifty volumes. Chicago, thanks to the generos- ity of the outside world, and the energy of the Lew Institute, has now the nucleus of one of the best Law Libravies in the United States. One of the most curions phenomena of the day is the sudden revival of pilgrimage in Franco. Two ehrines, Lomdes and LeSaletto, which have for somo time attracted a few score of pilgrims each year, now draw their thousands. Bpecial trains are run on the railways to accom- modate the throngs. The Reds of the great cities hoot at and attack them, but the semi- persecution only inflamos their zeal. At theso two villages,—the one in the Jens, the other in the Pyrenees,—the pilgrims are forced to camp by thousands in the sopen air. They spend their timo in praying, singing, list- ening to impessioned scrmona. Miracles are wrought. Baptism in the springs mear at hand, the touch of the sacramental bread Blossed before the shrino,—these curo paralysis, consumption, everything, The almost immedi- ate death of asick girl who was plunged into tho spring at Lomdes does not avail to hinder beliof in its healing powers. The girl wns wicked ; it was God's vengeance. So the pil- grims say, and recount thomarvellous cures that thoy have scen. Theso cures are mot to be doubted. Roligious exultation is no mean ele- ment in the treatment of certain diseases. The little churches are fostooned with crutches, bandeges, and waxon legs and arms,—memen- toes of vanished sickness. In tho November number of the Aflantic, Pro- fessor John Fieke will have a paper on “The Primeval Ghost World.” It will bein the vein of the sories he published in the same magazine lagt year, in which he traced back so many myths to their origin in the unending change on the earth’s surface from light to darkness and back agein. In tho coming essey he gives a curious cxplanation of tho superstition 0 com- mon (especially in England) that it is unlucky to kill arobin. Longago, it was believed that tho death of a robin boded some calamity. Still emrlier, the calamity was specified; it was death. Going back o fow genera- tions mors, we find that this death was always causod by lightning. Then we come to the age that reverenced the robin as the bird of Thot, God of lightning. Finally, at tho time when tho mind, in its infandy, porsonified overy force,—espiccially a destructive one,—we learn that tho lightning itsclf is a rod bird that drops from its benka worm that shatters even the rocks on which it chances to fall. So it seems thot tho English peasant-woman, warning her child not to Lill a robin, is but giving tho nine- teenth century version of a heathon myth, born, perhaps;ages beforo Christ was. ———— Just after the Utah bar was reinforced by two feminine lawyors, the logal profession in Maine 'was recruited with one of the same sort. Miss Clars Hapgood Nash is said to bo the first wom- an pérmitted to practice law in New England,— a rather strango’ fact, in viow of the constant agitation in Massachusctts for wider opportu- nities for woman’s work. Notwithstanding the gcore or 80 of petticoated-attorneys in the coun- try, no woman, with the excbption of a lady in this city, has yet gained any legal distinction. This' is, Lowover, no crgument against their ability to do so, because tiey have only recently been allowed ‘to try' for such distinc- tion. A roputation, like Rome, is not built in a dsy. Morcover, there will be & reluctance, for some timo, to entrust these fresh young sprigs of the law with the manage- egement of imporiant cases. They must first grow old, must psrade their wrinkled faces and groy hairs instoad 6f concealing them, end then they mey command from suitors at lew that deferonce which now ouly suitors for love will givo them.” J 3 A genoration ago, it wes suppoeed to be the duty of a bank-cashier to guard the funds put in his cire. Painful experieuce has since con- vinced bank-directors and bank-depesitors that this supposition is no longer truo. When i} is Inconvenient for & burglar to hew his way thyough brick and stong and iron, he breaks into the Cashier’s hpuse, wakes him up, swears an cath or two, flouriskes a revolver, and then takes the bodly-zcared official to the back and stands by whilo he unlocks the safp and so enshlen the thief to take what he will. Trwo-thirds of the heavy bank robberies of the last fow years have Dbeen accomplished in this way. Of courso, this greatly eimplifies the matter. The Cashier has an unpleasant shock, and may have o long walk at night if he has thoughtlessly put Lis home at o distance from tho Lank, Towever, in consid- eration of the trouble ho saves tho- robbers, he should bo perfectly willing to put himeelf .out to this extent,—and ho seems to be. S e Antiquarians are again buey in guosting at tho origin of Stonekengo. The first difficaltly is the explanation of the way in Which the masees of stone were brdught to' Salisbury Plain.” I Was apparently an engineering feat far béyond the ekill of the ancient Britons. It is, there- fore, conjectured that the monoliths are relics of the glacial period, brought, imbedded in ice, from the Far North, and left on dry earth when the ice-sen melted sway. Concerning their regm. larity of arrangement, the antiquarians—or some of them—say that the men who introduced the Druidical religion into Britain carried it thither from Egypt; that, in the Nilo-land, monoliths—like Cleopatra’s Needle and the obe- lisk of Lusor—wero connected with it; and that tho colonists, finding the huge stones scat~ tered on Belisbury Plain, took it as a sign from' their gods that thoy should raise monolithic tem- ples in their new land, and so formed the two great circles that still Temain, i Chambers’ Journal has secured the services of to order for the English press. In an article en- titled *What Can Women Do?” he shows what he can do in the way of making mistakes. The gem of his essay is the following sentence : In the samo year [1670], Chief Justice Howe, ot Chi~ cago, when acked concerning the fitness of certain Indles who had been members of juries in that State, declared that, though ho hada prejudico ngainat the custom, ho must say that thé jurywomen bad acquit~ ted thomsclves with dignity; decorum, and intallle gence, This stetement i8 correct, with the following exceptions : Chicago is not a State; there have been no jurywomen in it; Chief Justice Howe was never asked how ho liked jurywomen, and nover said how he liked them; and there isno such person as Chief Justice Howe. POLITICAL. Roswell S. Burrows, of Albion, is the Liberal candidate for Congress in the Twenty-ninth New York District. —Rufus E. Anderson, of Palmyra, Mo., In- dependent candidato for Congress, has withs drawn. —Achille Chiniquy, of St. Anne, Liberal can- didate for the Iilinois Senate in the Kankekeq District, is making & thoroughly effective cans vags, and reports everything favorable. —Returns of registration in Missouri show an increase of nearly one-half over 1870. The total vote will hardly bo less than 350,000, and the Liberal majority ought to be 70,000. —The total vote of Allogheny County (Pitts- burgh), Pa., for Governor, was 49,961, and 10 Tess for Supremo Judge; but the added vote of the two districts in the county, for Congress, is 44,475, as follows : 2 State Ticket, Congressional. 25,771 | Ropublicah . 26,008 16,450 | Liberal... 18,443 —Tho Cities of Reading and Lancaster, the county-sezts of the two * 0ld relisble” Countics of Berks and Lancaster, vote somewhat differ~ ently from tho remainder of their respectiva counties. Thus, Reading'gives Hartranft a ma jority of 15, while Lancaster gives Buckalew a ‘majority of 415. —The Springficld Republican says: Jerael Weahiburn, Jr., hus been a member of Con- gress and Governor of Maine, and belonga to a protty Tespoctable family; but neither fact prevented him from saying in Funenil Hall, on Friday night, that the ‘pensioning of the Confederato soldiers waa one of the isshes of tho campaign, and that Mr. Greeley admits, in effect, that ho is in favor of if, Can the pay of the Collector of the Port of Portland compensite s man for such misrepresentations as this? ' —There were three candidates for Delegatea in Dakota, viz.: Moses K. Armstrong, Liberal ; Colonel G. C. Moody, Independent Republican; and Judgo Wilmot W. Brooki.gs, Ring Republi- can. The returns from the organized countiss, including far-off Pembins, footed mp: Arme strong, 1,850; Boody, 1,487; Brookings,.1,025. It was thus ascertained that 826 vdtes would elect Brookings, and, by coincidence, that va- rious precincts along the line of the Northern Pacific Railroad had given that many, all for Brookings! —The Cincinnati Fnquirer soys: Colonel John V. Fornoy labored hard fo dsfeat ras~ cality ond corruption by opposing Hertranft; but “Grant pulled him through,” and <o Mr. Forney sup- ports Grant. Finding it useless to be honest, he goes with the crowd of corruptionists, with St 0ihe —The authorized campaign life of Honry Wil- gon brirgs out some of the beeutiful traits of that gentleman’s character. Here is one: ‘While he was in Europe in 1871, * * * helet no week pass without writing to his mother-in-law,—now moro thin 80 years of age,—and with 1o to Iead him to expect any return through the kindly re- ‘membrance of o testamentary devise 1 —A Grant orgen in Ohio, the Bellefontaine Press, beats oven Jobn Thomas and Roscos Conkling in its enthusiasm for the great two- term candidate. With en_eyo, perhaps, to the Pennsylvania frauds, it exclaims : There is a similarity between Grant and Christ,—the Intter the Savior of the world, and tho former tho 8o~ vior of Lis country. One cannot hink of the whole cter of Grant without thinking of Christ, Give that man & Post Office immediately—if he hasn't one already.—New York Tribune.. . —The Kansas City Times says: We would like to ask, just for information, how ‘much the Grant Campaign Burean pays the Agents of the Associated Press to suppross and garblo the news. Wo knov: how much the newspapers pay them to far- nish the news. 1If the Grant managers pay them moro to suppress ond garble than we do to furnish the daily Tecord of events, we suppose that, according to tha prevailing moral sentiment of the day, it i ll right,— only the news ageats have o little better thing than they ought to have. But, if tho Grant managers do Dot pay the news agents as much as we do, why, then, e insist upon having the news furnished properly, fully, and correctly. Wo ask for information. We «don’t want to be nnreasonable about tha matter, —_— VIADUCTS. The Counncil Committce on Railronds Agree to Report in Frvor of Vicducts in the South Track. The Council Committce on Railroads held a meeting at the City Clerk’s office yesterday after~ noon, Alderman Clark in tho chair. The Mayor was present. Aftera protracted meoting, the Committee agreed to rcport in favor of cone structing viaducts over the Burlington & Quincy Railroad track’ at the Michigan and Wabash avenuo, and State and Clark street crossings, the viaducts to be six feot sbove the present grade, and the track to be depressed soas tq allow trains to pass. The question of street railways was also cone sidered, two ordinances granting the right of way on several streets having been referted to the Committee., The ~Alder~ men wors opposod fo ' bermitting say more tracks to be laid in the public thorough= fares, being in favor of the substitution of om- nibuses for horse cars, and hence will report adverscly. The tracks on Clark street, south of Twelfth stroet, were talked ebout, property-owners hav- ing petitioned that they be removed or horse power used instond of steam. The Committes agreed to recommend that tho railroad com- Elmicu be requested to haul their cars to and fra ¥ the aid of horses. - On Friday next the Committee will have a conference with the Burlington & Quincy offi cials, for the purpose of learning whether thoy aro willing to build viaducts over thel:road at the crossings named above. : A Splendid Record. By reference to the 2dvertising columns, {& will be geen that tho Continental Insurance Company, of New York, present to the public a capital of $1,060,000 with o surplus of $1,250,000; total sssets, 2,250,000, ofter heving poid $1,500,000 in losges in our grestfire, This is truly & splendid ¥ ccord, and it will ko remomtered that this Company s among the first to declaro its solvency snd toopen o _temporary office for business, Their agents, AMessrs. O, W. Burrett & Co., have always own&igi a Ieading position in tho insuranco business, tud besides the Continental, they represent several other lesding ico companics. Postponement, £on & Foster, to takaplace at No, 133 Twenty-second street, this (Thursday) cvening, is postponed unti] fartiiér notlce, a3 tho bulk o7 the gocds havo Dot yol ved, e A Perfect Sewing Machine. The now Wilson Under-Feed Sewing Machine 153 pere fect lock-stitch machine, making o seam alike on both sides, and 13 'sdapted toevery grade and varlety of family seving, It does to porfection embroidery, ‘hemming, cordivg, braiding, finoand coaree sowing of all kinds, With less machinery tnd complications than any othe= mzchize in usc, and is £old ut two-thirds the price bf all other’ first-cliss machines, Bo sure snd calfand see i Balesroom at No, 378 West Aadison g:cot, Chieago, and in all other citics in the United .Blates, This Company wants agents in country townse The salc of bronzes and-statnary, advertised by Ells . the young man who writes_ articles on America Division Cver the Durlington & Quincy