Casper Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 11, 1925, Page 10

\GE SUNDAY, JANUARY 11, 1925 Menace Seen ~~ To Education ry ; In the Radio Teachers Enlisting on as Both Sides of New i i Argument. \. Shee LONDON, Jan. 10.—{United Press) —Radlo is a menace to education, some prominent English school mas . ters declare. SEV . Children are so busy listening in ish (oe:onight that they neglect their ‘6 UP studies, or dismiss them altogether, é ing to these pedag pa = ; met ; -amana ble ts vi behaved than she q fore,” said the head-m 4 of London's best } eiris. “The fault principally with Mow their chil y of interests Aly ies life mat fue to. aters go to da ufte¢ mbvies as much as they e > f' result they are litle old womer dt before they have had time to grow ne uf I am sorry for the girl of to tate day. She has never been a child ther THe war robbed her of her child op ? hod.” A Boys are in a bad way, too, anc cording to the headmaster of the 4 ¢ Bradford grammar school, who sent rou meircular letter to parents complain terl ing that wireless is the cause of in R n¢ effective home work. “More serious than the loss of ac progress in studies is the habit which must result from radio ad. diction—the habit of being satisfied with scamped work," he added Educators are enlisting on both sides of the controversy. A school foard official retorts that crying pables or squalling cats are also dis tracting to a scholar attempting to think—but that is no reason for at- } tempting to abolish cats and babies Tie London common council, he de- clared, will continue the experiment “= of providing wireless sets in school and giving instruction in the mak ing of sets. Walter C. Smith of Broadcasting company, said the en < tire affair is a tempest in a teapot, the and that all it amounts to is the ™8 yecessity for using a little common tof sense. ye “The arguments in favor of wire- cle Jees outweigh those against it,” he the British which may be connected ahead of selective and sensitive. of choking off interfering signals circult unusually responsive to low, losses from “dead ends.” There are three inductances, pri- nary, secondary and plate coils. The ive turns two coils are set at right wire, on three-Inch tubing. The plate coil has a lead taken from in seid, “and children can learn a great JU deal from it "If parents allow their children to-do their home lessons with head phones on, why, obviously, their work will suffer | =| National Musical : Memory Contest To | “in | z ~ Be Held by Radio} ; “Brunswick Hour” Will Be Observed By Big Stations ¢rasdounec --To foster a deeper understanding and appreciation of good music and fo emphasize the remarkable must eal and educational possibilities of radio, the first national musical mamory contest ever staged over tagdio will be broadcast from six of the principal radio stations of the ¢guntry, starting the evening of February 2 during the “Brunswick Hour of Music” at 10 o'clock east erm time and 9 o'clock central stand ard time. Every man, woman, and child in \merica {s eligible to enter this most dramatic contest in history. The lrpadeasting of operatic etars, fa mous symphonies and foremost or: chestras will be done from the Brunswick Laboratories in New York | to the middle switch tap, the end the twentieth turn which connects terminals of this coil connecting to the other two taps, as shown in the diagram. Following the circuit diagram we see that the aerial connects to end of the primary farthest from the secondary, and the ground goes to the side nearer the secondary. The SERVICE IN Wet or storage “ should be purchased according ‘to their milli-ampere capacity, and not the voltage. A Dattery made up of tubes one-half moh m diameter will have the same voltage as one composed of gne-inch tubes, but the latter will last almost twice as long. It is the ampere capacity of the battery that determines its life after it has been given a full charge. . A 22volt battery should nevér be allowed to drop below eighteen volts, and when it has reached this level it should be given a full charge. The charging rate will de-| pend on the capacity of the bat- tery, but in all cases a slow charge is best. The acid in the cells should al- Ways cover the plates. The thin | film of ofl placed on top of the solution is important, as it prevents the solution from evaporating or creeping over the tap of the cell. When direct current is available | the charging process is simple and consists merely of connecting the Clty every Tuesday evening, and re fayed through stations WJZ, New fork; WGY, Schenectady RC Washingt KDKA, Pittsburgh KYW, Ch KFKX Hastings, Nebraska Later musical ardom acluding opera stars who never ve been heard over the radio will be sent through the m the new station KDA at D ted that millions of people w Hy wie part in this test of r ic me ny, Which aside from it ational Alue will be stimulated a com petition for the winning of cash nyizes, totalling 15,000 month! There will be Individual awards each unth as follows a, $500; third on of $100 eact in the preser Radio Wedding To Be Featured During Auto ONOWw at! Auto Dealers’ associa m has given o the spactour Hall to the Crosley {lo cor- on for use as a studio and m. The stage will be fitted . jcasting stu negative of the 110-volt Ine to the negative terminal of the battery. The positive of the 110-volt line is connected to the positive term- inal of the battery with an ordinary lamp as used for house lighting purposes in series. The series lamp plays an important part in Top view of unit, showing how the various parts are mounted on the panel and baseboard. The the plate coil of forty turns, all of#other coil terminal connects to the twenty gauge double cotton covered | grid. STORAGE CELLS GIVE ‘LONG “B” CIRCUIT batteries¢the lamp will depend on the ca- the charging process and should not be omitted. Neon GE \ THATS SOMETIN, NEVIS. ME THREE STATIONS ON ONE DIAL [ RADIO ROBERT any receiver, making the set more It has been designed to give efficient ampli- fication over the entire broadcast band of waves, and includes a means from nearby statio: It has two controls, one for wavelength and the other for regeneration, the first being a variable condenser and the second a variable resistance. unique feature of the set {s the tapped plate coll which makes the A medium or high wavelengths. The wiring of the switch short-circults the turns not in use, eliminating end of the secondary nearer the mary 1s wound with twenty-| Primary goes to the negative term- “Jecondary of sixty, and| {inal of the “A” battery, and the angles. The stator of the variable condenser connects to the grid side and the rotor to the filament side. The rheostat is connected in the negative side of the filament. The capacity of the variable con-/ denser should not be less than 00025 microfarads, which covers} any doubt exists concerning its ca-gto every broadcast frequency with- the entire wave-length band. Ifthe capacity is less it will not include the waves abovo 600 meters. Or dinarily, an eleven-plate condenser of good design will serve, but if pacity of the battery, which may need a 25 or 50 watt lamp. The proper way to determine the condition of the battery is with a voltmeter, having a scale several degrees in excess of the rated yolt- age of the battery. ‘This ment indicates the voltage. Wet batteries using a potash s0- lution as the electrolyte should never be filled with acid, the re- verse of this applies to the acid electrolyte batteries. Where only alternating current is to be had the usual A. ©. bat- tery charger rectifier will be nec- essary. Whether A. C. or D. C. current is to be used make cer- tain as to the polarity of the lines tor, if the battery is charged in the reverse direction, it may be seri- ously damaged. Forty-Seven Stations Use Same Wave Some {dea of the congested state of the ether lanes may be gathered from the following list of the num- ber of stations operating on the same wavelengths: Ten stations operate on 240 me- ters, thirteen on 261, sixteen on 268, nineteen on 280, fourteen on 286, forty-seven on 360, seventeen on| 400, seven in Canada on 440 and| which are in milliamperes, or one. | of the tube, and they will make pos | the insultation to shield against in- The wattage of|seven more there are on 450 meters. _ fhe Casper Sunday Cribune — | The Parts | he radio-frequency amplifier unit can be made with the follow. ing parts: One variable condenser of .00025 microfarads capacity, Ono variabte resistance having a | range between one thousand and one hundred thousand ohms, One-half pound of number twenty gage double cotton covered magnet wire. Ono bakellte or cardboard tube four Inches long, and another six inches long, both Ing a diameter of three inches. One rheostat, wound to the re- alstance required by the vacuum tube used. One amplifying-type tube, One socket Seven binding posts. One seven by ten Inch panel. Brass angles for mounting colls. One switch and three taps, vacuum switch enables you to make an adjustment for high, medium and low waves. pacity a fifteen-plate should be em- ployed. Bakelite or cordboard may be used for the coil forms. The primary and secondary will require! a tube six inches long, and the plate coil one of three inches, each of three-inch diameter. The term- inals of the coils may be secured, by passing them through two small} holes drilled at the ends of the windings. Regeneration is controlled by a} variable resistance of the same) type suitable for the Filter Tuner, This unit has a resistance range AntennaSystemNeeds) PeriodicInspection | The antenna system consists of the aerial wire, aerial wire support, insulators, lead-in, ightning switch or arrestor, ground lead-in and ground connection. . The aerial system should be pert | odically inspected to see that the wires are taut. Any excess slack | should be pulled fr. Guy wires holding up the mast should be ad- justed so that the pull from each direction is equalized. The mast should be carefully examined to) see that it is perpendicular, and any excessive lean should be cor-| rected by means of additional gny wires, Meter Tests Current The instruments used to meas- ure current in rad{o circuits are the ammeter anda milli-ammeter. The latter is used to measure cur-| rents in the plate and grid circuits, | thousandth parts of an ampere. rey Gals ~_— —_— THEYRE =, STILL ON, —| THE WHOLE Ty to, with decorations from the Clos Art Galeries, The audience will able to ree the operators at the used in remote control 6 well as the artists and the microphone used in picking up the program which WLW will broad: cast ratus A program will be broadcast night ly, except Friday and on Sunday aftern Ann feature of thin ur usual event, wil Ve @ rad there wedding on Thursday evening, Jan unary 15th, at 9 o'clock, to which t radio audience Is invited to ‘attend by tuning-In the Crosioy WLW rta on. The pubie its so Invited to 4 be present in Music Hall and witness | th the which be duote lan, fan chur Dorothy Norwo cet will Frederick > the First ¥ h of Walnut Ht Ttvan, 9049 Torest a will be masried to Georg smony by Kev. pastor of con 4 808 Walker street, Cin edding will ended Nowe program of be pre. and th Hall will be Ritchoy at t n 3 the bride and bride ist of a fully-equip mbersly gifls of an ap The front of the fourth-tube unit will look like NLL BE JIGGERED! Copyright, 1925, Premier Syndicate, Inc. The Home Radio Lage How to Add Fourth Tube to Any Good Receiver Best Possible Radio-Frequency Unit Easy to Build at Home Using Standard Parts By J. F. J. MAHER. Here is @ tuned radio-frequency amplifier, including regeneration, 1000 40 Turns Tapped at 20thend gomTurn | Variable Resistance . to 100.000 chms gi Schematic diagram tor connecting the amplifying unit ahead of an ordinary three-tube set. between about 1,000 and 100/000, ohms, continuously variable. It has an extremely important fune- tion in the circuit, and needs to be correctly regulated for maximum efficiency. By adjusting this in- strument carefully feeble signi from distant stations may be built up to great volume. This type of amplifier produces greater amplification because the plate circuit can be made resonant this. One large dial will provide for radio 'fre- quency tuning. Above, at the right, a three-point out causing the circuit to oscillate. By using the variable resistance in | magazine, devored alike to propa- \ ganda for radio and for Esperanto, arily large transfer of energy tg the detector circuit. If this amplifier is to be used in connection with a single circuit or other receiver having battery con- nections to aerial coil, it will be necessary to wind a cojl of about fifteen turns over the detector coil, insulated from it with a layer of Paper. This additional coil will then become the primary of the amplifier, and will be,connected to jhe output binding posts of the amplifier cabinet. The variable condenser in the single-circuit de- tector will then be connected across the terminals of the grid coll, as in the ordinary secondary circuit, The instruments can be mounted f a seven by ten inch panel and cabinet, which are shown in their Proper position in the accompany- ing pictures of tho front and top view of the set. The six-inch tube, primary and secotdary, is mountea vertically on the base behind the Adopt Esperanto for New Radio Paper A new radio paper in Esperanto, named Radio, has been founded in Locarno, Switzerland, following rec- omendations made at the interna- ductance can be included in the+varlable condenser. The plate lead circuit, providing for an extraordin-| coil is mounted ‘in a horizontal posi- tion on the panel about one-inch away, and directly behind the tap switch. Below are mounted the theostat and variable resistance, the latter being on the right, where it 1s more handy, Looking at the set from the top, We see the layout of the coils and Parts more clearly. The tube is mounted on the base next te the secondary, with the grid terminar near the coll. In the back are shown the three binding posts for the batteries, two for the “A,” ana one for the positive “B” battery. Only one “B" battery connection is made here, because the negntive terminal of this battery will be al ready connected to the “A” battery in the detector circuit. The aerial and ground binding posts are on the left aud the output on the right. STEADY CURRENT NEEDED TO OPERATE SET When the faint signal of a d EFFICIENTLY istant station is received, rectified and amplified by a three-element tube, it is done in conjunction with a steady stream of outside electrical energy supplied to the filament and plate of the tube. If this energy is weak in amperage and yoltage, no matter how good the receiver, or how many steps of amplification are used, reception will not be up to the mark. “ Many broadcast listeners have countering exceptional results the stalled, had the common experience of en- day when fresh batteries were in- The chances are they will credit this to the kind of circuit used, type of aerial, etc., but the all important role which fully charged batteries play in the logging of distant stations and in obtaining volume and clear tone is often overlooked. In many instances it is taken for granted that batteries are as efficient up to the point of exhaustion as when first put to use. + In the operation of a tube, of the type commonly used, two currents are employed. One lights the fila- ment, the other impresses a high voltage on the plate. These tubes are generally known as three-ele- ment tubes, because besides the tional commercial conference for the adoption or Esperanto held in Venice last year. The first monthly number of the appeared in April of this year, and it is campaigning for the adoption of Esperanto as the international radio language. this connection a large plate in- WITH CARE, GO SHOULD LAST FIVE YEARS Evidence of the stabilization of yalues in the radio world is given’ by the announcement that radio phones have been brought to such a high development of excellence that they can be spld on a five-year Suarantee. It is known to the old-time radio “hams” that good headphones should last up to ten years with ordinary care in avoiding bumps amd crashes. But in recent years, with a radio buying public knowing little of headset facts, there has been a tremendous sale of short- life phones which give excellent re- sults at first but rapidly fade as their magnetism vanishes. Scientific experimentation has proved that the best phone magnet material is dropforged steel of Government Stations to Use New Tubes The importance of good contact between the base of the tube and the socket is emphasized in the an- nouncement that the Government stations will use a tube in which contact with the socket is obtained by horizontal pressure rather than vertical pressure. The contact prongs will be knifellke arms ex tending outwardly from the centre | itive wiping contact. OD EARPHONES special quality. It has been found ‘that tungsten steel, the usual mag- net material, when bent into mag- net shape, is permanently injured as a retainer of maguetic strength. On the other hand, drop-forged steel of special quality makes a stronger and longer lasting magnet. As the magnet is the heart of the head-phone, five-year service can be guaranteed if sufficient care is taken in selecting magnet material and in the magnetizing processes. Insulators Stop Leak Hlectrical insulators are used to prevent the passage of current be- tween the conductor and adjacent bodies. Insulators are constructed of solid dielectrics, such as hard- rubber, glass or porcelain, and are used to hold charged conductors in a fixed position to other bodies. Shield Reduces Noise The flexible wires that are used to connect the phones are made of flexible tinsel cord insulated with silk or cotton. The covering {gs selected so that noises due to the cords rubbing against the cloth- ing are reduced to a minimum. Braided metal {s also used around duction effects. filament and plate they have still another element, the grid. To understand why an even and constant flow of electrical energy is required to enable the tube to function properly, it is necessary to understand how a tube works. The passing of a current of proper value through the fitament causes this element to emit a stream of electrons or tiny particles. If, in turn, a heavy positive voltage is applied to the plate, the electrons emitted by the filament will be induced to travel to the plate, and & plate current is said to be thus established. Any factors that will increase the flow of electrons will increase the plate current, and, conversely, any factors which will decrease the flow of electrons will decrease the plate current. Any minute vari- ation in the flow of electrons will cause like variations in the plate current. This is what makes recep- tion possible. But any other fac- tors which will actuate this cur- rent other than those which pro- duce proper vibrations will cause distortion and unpleasant inter- ruptions. This, for instance, will take place if a steady and even flow of current is not supplied both to the filament and plate. Extraneous noises will disturb reception when “B” batteries run low; a. drop in volume and tone will occur when the “A” battery is unable to deliver sufficient power. ——$—$—$—$—$ $$ —___ Condenser Decreases Broad Tuning Interference from local stations can be decreased in many cases by shunting a fixed condenser across the aerial and ground binding posts. This type of condenser may be made with two sheets of tin-foil, three inches square, separated by a sheet of paper. A permanent unit of the mica dielectric “type con- denser type, having a capacity of -000026 microfarads, should be in- stalled ( SX Ls SS KSSS SS: + He Has a Unique Idea In short, if constant good reception is desifed. a means must be em ployed whereby the batteries will be kept fresh and able to deliver, without interruption, the energy re quired. As wet or storage batteries do not produce electrical current but store it and give it off under certain conditions, the amount of current consumed must be restored | to the battery, before the supply is | exhausted, so that the flow will be | constant and even at all times. Electrons Make Pati | for Plate Current | When a metal such as tungsten is heated to a high temperature in “*; yaouum, electrons are emitted |from its surface. Hach electron is emitted with what {s called an in- itial velocity, which is dependant upon the temperature of the metal. In a vacuum tube receiver the passage of the electrons is assisted by the positive potential on the plate which attracts them from the filament. It is the stream of elec: trons across the gap between the plate and filament which makes the space conductive, allowing the Plate current to flo’ Ships Near Port Must Use Minimum Power The Government again {s issuing orders to ships to cut down their power when they are sending code messages near port, so that they will not interfere with broadcasting programmes. General instructions are to use the least amount of power necessary to send messages. Ships near New York seldom in terfere with broadcast programmes as they communicate on the long wayes prescribed by the Govern: ment. The only interference now is that of necessary testing ani messages informing offenders that they are interfering. Meter Tests Current The instruments used to meas- ure current in radio circuits are the ammeter and milli-amméter. ‘The latter {s used to measure cur rents in the plate and grid circuit which are in milliamperes, or on> thousandth parts of an amperg,” |Next Victor Radio Concert Scheduled | For January 15th Radlo listeners the first recital by tn have given to internationally known artists broadcast by tho Vic Talking Machine company such an unprecede endorsement that there is no question of the continu ance of tho seres, officials of that company have announced The next Victor concert will be given on the night of January 15, with Mme Frances Alda and Miguel Fleta the principels. These artists have ucqulred fame on both the opera and concert stage and thetx programs will includ masters in whi they has peared at thelr “best during @ stinguished career muste of th their The first of these radio recita under the auspices of the Vi company way given on Janu with John McCormack -and Lure gia Bort participating, assisted other Victor ar Beca fr enthusiasm rded 4 stars officiuis of the company are | opt’ istic as to the future, and al. ugh the | results of those to come will be wa hed closely for the pur pore of guaging the real trend of public sentiment, thelr — succeas j a ‘Setitielal sunlight provided by avige clusters of powerful ¢ Ie | ML be a featur *moukey house at he