Casper Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 31, 1922, Page 16

PAGE SIX. THE STORY OF THE OLD YEAR, AT HOME AND ABROAD BY EDWARD W. PICKARD OMENTOUS events and de] M opments marked the year both at home and abroad. In America these inclyded the great strikes of ioal miners and railrotd ;shopmen; the passage by fongress of a new tariff bill, and the general defeat of the Repub ean party In the November elections Among the most noteworthy events elsewhere were the establishment of the Irish Free State; the election ut & new pope: the rout of the Greeks in Asia Minor and the regeneration of the Turkish st followed by the Near East peace conference at Lau of F and the the people of the Unite? Althougt: a and showed w! 1 ember. } ropean conditions countries showed prove © in part to the continued e unsettiement cc erning the rman reparations and to the re. newed turmoil in the Near East Other countries, notably Italy and Czechoslovakia, moved defin'tely to ward stabilization ant prosperity Communism and socialism suffered a tremendous setback in Italy when the Fascisti rebelled aga those nes and took over control governraent As fa by ar nference Wash sident Harding had inv American re publics to send delegates there to d's c imitation of maments and | | | | i [declared to be ‘the | governor of Manchurii | dereatz Casper Sunday Wornine Cribune including three former premiers, were condemned to death. Great Britain tried vainly to prevent the execution and then broke off relations with Greece, probably giaC to get rid of an embarransing alliance. Prince An- drew, uncle of the king, also ras tried and condemned, but escaped with exile. To the account of affairs in Turkey related above is to be added the down- fall of ghe sultan. Considered by the Angora government to be a tool of the British. and consequently a tral- tor, he was deposed on November 1. The sovereignty of the nation was in the hands of the Peop’e and) the name changed from Ottoman empire to State of Turkey. The dethroned ruler took refuge on Malta. Gn November 13 his nephew |Abdul Medjjid Effeud!, was elected callph of the Moslem church. Ge devoted herself through | the large’y to efforts to evade he ment of reparations, to dé jtermined work to regain her foreign | trade a: erable billions of paper marks. The value of the mark fluctuated widely, reaching a low level of more than 5,000 for a dollar. On June 24 Dr. Walter Rathenau, foreign minister, was assassinated in Berlin by relec tionaries. Chancellor Wirth and his cabinet were forced out of office No- vember 14 and Wilhelm Cuno became chancel’or with a ministry in which soc'alists and communists were not included. The former kalser mar- ried Princes Hermine of Reuss at Doorn, Holland, on November 5. Affairs in China were, as usual. al most too confused for understanding. hy General Wu into Manchuria. and ¢r ven back other questions. They met on Dec signed and Lt Yuan-Hung was other questions. They met on Decem-| geai with Moscow should be held at zuela settled their boundary dispute |r eu, ecdent. vith Ww Ting-Fang sh The Hague. The United States de-on April 9. Esthonia, Latvia, Lithu-|". premier. Sun Yat Sen, head of apie clined an invitation to this confer-jania and Albi pre recognized by |}, a Stas th Ou China yrernment, wae INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS |ence. This. seconc meeting lasted |the United States as sovereign -tate aL ot Cantee eenranela nae 5 ende Ly 27 | t pubes y focal (thie reat | DOwers |S ray, erat teckuea tina iocier fe] Gaal in August he turned up as the con- still engaged in formulating treating} Without result because the ot ——— and agreements in the Washington} #0nS could not stomach the exces FOREIGN AFFAIRS conference on armaments and Panifie|sive demands of the Russians for| with M.chael Collins as its head, ocean problems, and on February 1|‘Fedits an return for concessione. |e provisional government of the the delegates, in plenary session,|,. Mustapha Kemal Pasha and the/irish Free State was established in adopted the fivepower naval limita.) Turkish nationaitsts, who had dis-|January, after Dail Elreann had ac- tion treaty with an agreement on Pa-|2¥OWed all tho doings of Cat Turkish |cepted the treaty with Englané and Citic fortifications: passed reaolations |EoverHMent at Constantinople, spent|Do Valera had refused to declaring the open door in China, and approved a treaty for the restricton 4 ape in Anatolia. They opened the at-| ti ofthe luse of polron gas and subma-|iack on August 23 and todk theleg } rines in warfare. At the same time gate Nataky AG ‘ 7 Mr. Balfour announced that Great | enemy completely bw surprise ‘ aye - in one week the Greek armies had | gragual!: Britain would restore Wei-Hai-Wei to 2 : been routed and drivn back to Smyr- the suyp.*.c in secretly preparing for | tmmediately ughout the y innumerable the republican ar and a i assinations With-/other outrages. The Fre gained possess'on State for of mo: a great offensive against the Grecks ‘rebels, started a warfaro that lasted was mark- and ve om Tht ys late c of the territory where the rebels were Spal peel sed Rag es 8 na and other coast positions and strong and the fighting degenerat Geslgnet to réstoreito iChind Bad eed Athens was asking for an armistice into bushwhacking. On August her lost liberti ay Some ofland agreeing to get out of Asia President Collins was killed in ti rties and passed @ resolu-/ Minor. Kemal occupied Smyrna on ambuscade and William Cosgri tion for the creation of an Interna-|sepcember 9 and five da: ter @&/was elected to succeed him. He Teel foramission to revise the rulestiarge port of the city was destroyed fered amnesty to the rebes but the bane ing Od cea 6 the dele lby fams. At “first the Turkish ‘decided to Ate #6 4 thie clemtbie gates signed all the treaties and the conference adjourned sine die, and in four days President Harding submit- to troops were blamed for this, but laterjxckine Childers, chief aid of developments indicated the conflagre- jera, was captured and executed, as De Va a tion was started by the fleeing) were other republican leaders. T' = teh treaties td the senate. Greeks and by looters. Great Bri-ltrish Free State formally came into y the end of March the senate|tain, which had been sponsor of the being on December 6, with Timothy had ratified all these treaties as well|Greck venture in Asla Minor, Wa8/ Healy as governor general. lee tigur 2a ante; 1 es one with Japan, by which theJalarmed by the expressed intention} Prime Minister Lloyd George hel® greeeas eure, iB & cont heeptcns troublesome question cf American mises! “top: uiiten one sees of the nationalists to take possession | power rights on the island of Yap was set- tied. Great Britain and Japan also, in' the course of time, ratified the con- ference pacts, and, ike the United States, took steps toward putting into-effect the terms of the treaty on naval lmitation. But France, more interested in her own troubles connected with the German repara- Mons and with the developments in the Near East, delayed action, and her example was followed by several smaller nations. Thus the full effect of some of the treaties was lost for the time being. Rehabiltateon of Europe, economic and financial, was the great problem that confronted! ¢he world and, of course its salution depended to a considerable extent cn a settlement of the German reparations matter. This had not been reached when the year came toa close. The allied com- tatssion, an international bankers’ committee and various individuals struggled with the question through- out the twelve months, but it would be tedious to tell in detail of their ‘forts, The Germans steadiy main- tained that complete enforcement of the treaty of Versailles would ruin Germany and be disastrous for the rest of Europe, although Doctor ‘Wirth, the chancellor, helc that Ger- many must and would ultimately pay the reparations bill. Berlin insisted that a Jong moratorium be granted on all the payments snd that an in- ternational loan to Germany be ar- oid Turkish empire, and she called on her dominions and France, Italy, Ser- sit, Rumania and Greece to join her nthe defense of the Dardanelles, France, which had been giving ald and comfort to the Turks and Italy objected to military operations against the Kemalists, and some of the British dominions were notice- ably cold. However Britain hurried reinforcements to her land anc’ naval forces in the Neat East and let the Turk and the world know that she would act alene if necessary. The al- fes on September 23 invited the na- tlonalists to a peace conference, agreeing to return for the guaran- teed freedom of the straits. Kemal nststed that Russia must be included, and the allies agreed that the soviet government should participate in set- tlement of the question of the Dar- danelles .After several trying da when war seemed almost unavoidable the allies and nationalists met at Mudania on October 3 to arrange an armistice. A week later a protocol was s'gned providing for the evacu- ation of eastern Thrace by Greece within fifteen days and its delivery to Turkey within, forty-five days, and yielding to the ‘Kemalists tle civil control of Constantinople pending a peace conference. Ths conference | openca in Lausanne, Switzerlang, No- vember 30, with the prospect of being long in session. The United States declined fuil but rent jority his cabine! called an At the no’ became thi Under Mussolini, try country. ple, bright. M. {France on were oppo: participation, M. s#oincare, whose policies included ranged. France, depending on the|Ambassador Child, Minister Crew |strict enforcement of the treaty of reparations money for reconstruc-|and Admiral Bristol to guard the in- | yersaille: America and Americans, in connection | o> tion and continually on the verge of |terests of bankruptcy, would not listen to prop-|‘hese being especially ositions for the reduction of the war ‘with the ofl fields of Mosul. The con- bill, and from time to time made jference had to deal with the frontiers preparations to put into effect sanc-|of the Turkish state, both in Europe tions against Germany, such as occu-/and in Mesopotam!a, where the oil) pying the Ruhr district, and the na-/fields are located, and there were in-| tional forests in the Rhineland. Atl-/dications that the British would be ways Great Britain objected to this/willing to abandon their mandate until late in the year, when Bonar|thcre and throw over Fesal and his Law succeeded Lloyd: Ceorge as/|kingdom of Iraq, which is included in prime minister. Then it appeared/that territory, in return for virtual; the British government might sup-|control of the oil deposits. The mat- port such a move France when jter of the control of the straits also Germany should default in the repa-|was the subject of jealous contention, rations payments due in January. — |Ostensit eat Britain wished them On April 10 an economic and finan-|the demand of the Kemalists that the vial conference, called the allied |to be open to all sia. supportec supreme council, opened in Genoa.|control be vested in Turkey alone. Germany and Russia were invited to|with guarantees for the freedom of participate, under certain restrictions |the waters. On November 21 Adri-| but soon after the sessions began the|anople and Eastern Thrace were delegates of those two nations con-!turned oyer to the Turks, but the} cluded a treaty cancelling their war|Turks retained military control of} Gebts and ths treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Constantinople. | | end establishing full diplomatic rela-| The international permanent court tions. Surprise and angered thejof jjustice, perhaps the greatest! great powers, despite the protests of/achievement of the League of Na-! the neutrals, barred the Germans from further participation in the dis-| cussion of Russian affairs, which was ons so fa held. its first session in The Hague on February 15. The} council of the league met tn London The laborite it. 6. the A. the Fascisti Premier Facta, nation on Octobsr made premier and at once set work to restore the prosperity of the The king and chamber of leputies gave him full power to put into effect his contemplated reforms and économie measures, and as he had the support of most of the peo- the prospects for. 2 sed. ané en Febr 12 ishop resigned, Bonar Law, leader of the conservatives, ed him, formed a new ministry and On ot Benito of Italy, ganized primarily to protect the coun against the communists, «, long and successful battle. steadily in strength, notably of work- accession of many thousands of work- ing men ,they saved the industries of Italy from the Reds, and finally satisfied with the weak policies of compelled his resig- 26. Mussolini was Italy Briand resigned as premier of January policies at the because Cannes conference He was succeeded by Pope Benedict XV died on. January ry 2 the Sacred Col- POPE BENEDICT XV lege met in Rome to choose his suc-| decided gains by the victory of can- later Cardinal of 2 Minor the most important subjest beforethe|/in July 17, and five days later an-/cessor. Four days tenfeence then. The allied nations of-|nounced that the British mandate |Achille Ratti, archb fered to give aid to Russia |for Palestine and nch man-|Wwas elected, under certain conditions, but Belgium |date for SY approved. The|Wwas crowned pope as Pius XI. refused to agree to this and a day jassembly of ue began its an-| Greece's disaster § or two later the French withdrew/nual session in Geneva September 4, sulted in the secor assent, George wa: charging that Lloyd practicing trickery to with Augustin Edwards of Chile pre- siding. Hungary was admitted to the gain control of the Russian oil fields. | league. ing troops. Meanwhile the soviet Celegates were| On May ‘5 the conference to set- aking such excessive demands that/tie the old Tacna-Arica dispute be- | he uselessness of further negotia-|tween Chile and Peru opened tions becamé evident and the confer-| Washington, and {n due time c ence adjourned after adopting anjto ucreesful conclusion, adop' sight months’ truce with Russia. Ita c mise plan suggested by am agreed that another mesting to retary Hughes. Colombia and Vi ng |cers ie ene- general son in eonnection with the {permit debacle in ‘Anatolia, and six of ¢ "ni Next nd day nm the pdication King Constantine on September in the face of a revolt by the the aused me |arrest of various former cabinet offi nd harge with chosen succeed- fought Gaining | were eturn: crown |vast amount of time and money, end prince, George, was sworn in as king|{t may be the difficulties encountered Jand a new goyernment installed. The|hy the government } in }reyolutionists in control through all the vicissitudes of of Constantinople and the rest of the the ycar untl: October 19. thet day tho conservatives in parliament decided to abandon the zoalttion anc, jact in future as a separate party. The ‘premier was thus deprived of bis ma- and promptly or- dis- | to his Milan |cation of the Volstead act. ‘don February 12 he) these were Reed of Missouri and Ed- re. of 26, tho | | ot} Me cow, government for united China. the printing of innum- | the repeal of the Eighteenth amen4- ment itself. On October 6 Attorney General Daugherty ruled liquor off all American sh'ps throughout the world, and declared foreign ships could not enter American ports ed. Great commotion ensued, but the ruling was upheld by Federal Judge Hand tn New York. The cases inttated in behalf of various steam: ship companies were carried to high. er courts and enfcrcement of the rul: ing against foreign vessels was tem. perarily held up. One man net—Postmaster left the president's cabt- Hayes, wi { | 3. HAYS | Attorney General the object of continual throughout the year, charging him with undue delay |prosecuting war profiteers. jing of m |fit, favoritism, and general subservi. jence to Wall Street. From time to | time lly, but j urged | made by the president were: Henry P. | Houghton, ambassador to Germany: certain groups his impeachment. in alleged war profiteera. Among the diplomatic appoirtments 41) their 1 |'Theodore Brentano, minister to Hun-|mitted that the root of the trouble e : H. Washburn, minister to jad no been reached and that another |Were Walter Hagen of Detroit, ria; A. H. Geissler, minister to'gtrike in the spring of 1923 was al-|!8h open; Charles E temala. © supreme court on February \27 still _a great shortage of coal, Conrac. suffrage — Spens wa: Was director on September ed that the woman's amendment to the constitution |consitutional, and on May 1 {t upheld |the packers’ control act. June 5 the effect that nounced |soelate Justice John A. Clarke ‘signed September 4, to promotion of Un’ ted States it they carried liquor sealed or unseal- | et. on and on September 19 he vetoed The house cverrode the veto, but the senate sustained for suck however, duced before the year closed. Ise. took a long time in the making. finally was completed and was signed who | by ;One notable feature st lor © ac es | | sic 1 sion, merged into the regular session jon December 4. LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL th Bulking large in the affairs cf) Amer! % > ! America were the two big strikes, of |the Australians, retain'ng the Davis e railway shopmen and the coal/cup, and also whipped the British miners. i ’ “irr they sertously threatened the national | T. Tilden reta'ned the national charm we'l-being by disrupting causing a country-wice shortage™of | In February: Prince Yamagata, fuel. panese statesman;. B., H. - Shaugh- Unable to reach an agreement wits sy, second ussistant portmaster- ‘the mine operators on the wage scale, |general; General Christain De Wet, th confu minous, On April 21 General Chang’ Tso Lin, /quit to become supreme head of the|June and July seized Peking moving picture industry. Dr. Hubert conferred and Tientsin, and on May 4 he was) Work succeeded him. General Chas. both s'des, and rroposed that, the iM. Dawes retired from the position of men return to vork at the old wages In June the director of the budget July 1 General |and that thu new scale be arbitrated old Chinese parliament met, Pres'‘dent| Lord taking the post. In March: Henry Batallle, French |dramatist; Colonel John Lambert, His plan being rejected, he tol1 the steel magnate; Sir John Eaton, Ca- Daugherty was/operators to reope their mines un-| nadian~ merchant prince; Charles attacks der protection o: h's opponent |the flag. In only a few gases was this in|done. There were numerous local Cyrus Northup, _pres!- appoint-|conflicts and some killings, ané the paeritua of University of Min- to become} nesota;. Frecegick Villiers, famous nm whom he knew to be un-| price of coal threatened ex ny he defended himself vigorous- for the supervision of production and congress distribution of coal on July 24. Meanwhile ators and minera of the bituminous| the department of justice did start fields met at Cincinnati and on Aw jegal proceedings against a number of gust 15 sizned an agreement ending jth m mi mi it der of th handed down an important opinion to issued June 6, reducing the wages of labor organizations the shopmen about $60,000,009 a y jean be sued for violation of the Sher- Other rall employees had. their pay man anti-trust law. By a decision an-'¢yt proportionately, but the shopmen on November 13 Japanese were chosen to make the fght. jare not elig’ble to naturalization. As- qut work on July 1, and two days re- Jater were “outlawed” by the board. to devote himself on July 14 they were reenforced by nem- the stationary engineers, firemen and bership in the League of Nations, and ojjers, Slowly returning to more normal former Senator George H, Suther'and ministration strove to bring about a and navy, providing for 133,000 and were passed; and $17,000,000 was ap- Propriated for scidiers’ hospital 2 a SUNDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1922 Kelly, veteran comedian: George 1. Selden, inventor of g2so’ine-driven ve- hicies; Archbishop Gauthier of Ot- tawa, Can. Pope Benedict XV; Joh Mendrick Bangs, author: Viscou James Bry: tra! conductor; Mrs. E'lzabeth C. Sea- John Layton defeated several contest- ants for his three-cushion title. £4-| gar T. Appleby of New York won the national and international ama-! teur titles, Nothing of great moment happened in the squared circle except the unex- pected defeat of Georges Carpentier, | French champion, by Siki of Senega! Benny Leonard, Nghtweight cham-| pion, defeated Rocky Kansas on July 4, and Pancho Villa of Manila won the: flyweight title from Johnny Buff. ‘The conference track and fleld meet was won by the University of Illinois and the national meet by the Univer- sity of California. The University of Towa defeated Yule in. football and tled with Michigan for the Conference championship. — Princeton defeated Chicago, and then, by beating Yale, won the championship of the “big three.” Harvard having had a bad season. James Murphy won the 500-mile auto race at Indianapolis on May 30, with a new average, speed record of 9448 miles an hour, and Tommy Milton won the Kansas City 300-m'le in which Roscoe Sarles was killed. i Tennis enjoyed a genuine revival. | The ican amateur team defeatet aefty because it provided no means saling the money to psy the bonus it. it. The agitation legislation was incessant, and new bills were intre- Appropriation bills for the army 000 enlisted men, respectively, The tariff revision bit , of course, It the president on September 21. is a provision wing the presiCent power to lower raise certa‘n rates when be thinks nditions of foreign trade warrant. Congress adjourned on September end as it had failed to take any tion on a ship subsidy measure, the resident allied an extra session to et on November 20, mainly to con- fer such a bill The house passed it on November 29. The extra ses- In effect at the same time,| team in the Wa'ker cup matches. W. vice consul in traffic and Boer commander in 1899; duke of , Leinster; John 8. Miller, leading Chi- cago lawyer; former Senator J. F. ,Shafroth of Colorado; Viscount Har- court. miners, oth anthracite and bitu- went on strike April 1. in Pres‘dent Harding representatives of with | Pope, | federal troops and * glucose king.’ Charles, ex-empercr of tortionate. To prevent profiteer- g@ the government adopted a p'an war correspondent; General yon Fal- lkenhayn, former chief of staff of the German army; Henry M. Shrady, American sculptor: Sir Ross Smith, Australia) aviator: Adrian C.) Anson, veteran of baseba'l; Henry V, Es- }mond, Engi playwrisht; John !Foord, ed\or Asia magpzine; EB. 8. |Mujica, Chilean statesman; Lord Leopole Moxyihatten. codsin of Kir ei Pregurick = Van Renssela’ writer of Nic rter stories; eschanel, former president |France; Richard Croker, former chief Jof Tammany Hail. In May: John Varce Cheney, poet and essayist; Jones, musical comedy star; Senator A. J. Gronna, of North Oikota; Henry P | Davidson, New York: financier; J. I. Patterson, head of National Cash { Register. compan;; Yaderal Judge {Beverly Evans of Qevraia; A. C./Bart- lett .prominent Chicagoan. In June: Mrs. Mary V. Terhune (Marion Harland); W. T, Abbott, Chi- cago financier; Lillian Russell (Mrs. A. P. Moore), famous stage beauty jR. A. Ballinger, former secretary of the interior; George Carmack, ‘dsicov- erer of Klondike gole fields; Henry | e 4 “ Waniiam 2. TLDEN pionship in shugles. A team of polo |players came vp from Argentina and won the American open champ'on- Janel a'r aatpp epee settle: [ship jn singles: A team of polo play f i s came up from Argentina and won ent of the anthracite strike was /*'s © set, rath. |the American open champ'ensblp. e ti be: Tt was ad = is ye ee sag as Winners in golf, in order of time, Brit: ns, Jr., of Chi- Since there was |Ca80, Western amateur; Gene Sara- zan of Pittsburgh, natione! open and e strike, the men winning virtually ost a certa!nty. appointed federal fuel | The railroad strike followed an or- federa: railway labor board, ar. They + From the beginning the ad. conditions, Russia continued to seek of Utah was appointed to succeed settlement, but both sides were stub- T. Oxnard, sugar magnate; Horace moncy @nd recognition in exctiange him. On October 24 Associate Jus- porn, the restoration of seniority Hooper, publisher of the Encyclo- for industrial concessions. Late in tice Day also resigned, having been rights being the main stumbling ts |pedia Britannica; G. W. Aldredge, the year the smaller soviet republics made umpire on the American-Ger- plock. President Harding warned WALTER HAGEN coliector of the port of New York; voted to join the government of Mos- At the beginning of December land, opened in Moscow for the pur- armies. Premier Lenin was seriously ment in October. Brazil: celebrated the one-hundredth anniversary of her independance by the opening of a fine international ex- position !n Rio de Janeiro. Among the most honored of her guests was Secretary of State Hughes. On No- vember 15 Arthur Dernardes was in- augurated president. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS As has been said above, the people of the Unitec States, despite the fact that they were relatively prosperous, were not contented. Taxes. rentals and the prices of the necessities of lf> remained too high, and the far- mec especially complained because he did not rece!ve enough for the prod- ucts of his toll. As usual, the unrest expressed itself at the polls. What many considered the conservatism o the Harding administration was blamed, with or without rvason, the primary. elections 4a various states came along, the voters seized thelr chance, and frequently the more conservative — candidates were beaten by so-calleé progres- sives. Albert J. Beveridge defeated Senator New in Indianaj, Lynn J. Frazier defeated Senator McCumber in North Dakota; Senators Johnson of California and La Follette of Wi: consin were triumphantly renominat- ed, and there wereemany other such instances. It was generally predict- ed that the Democrats would win big victories in the election on Novem- ber forecast. In both house and senat9 the Republican maforiy was mendously reduced. figures as DuPont, Keilcgs, Town- send, Calder, Pomerene anci Poindex- ter were retired. A feature of the election was the immense majority rollel up for Al Smith, Democratic | candidate for the governorship of New York. The question of-prohibition and its enforcement cut a considerable figure |In the election and, though the drys |clatmed they still had control of con- gress, the wets seemed to have made didates who were ‘n favor of mocifi- Among wards of New d to the si Jersey, te. Democrats Volstead him- |self was defeated, but by another dry. Efforts to enforce law and violations of the hibition it absorbed a this strength- ened the cause of the organizations formed to bring about the “ilberaliza- jon” of the enforcement act so as to the manufacture and use of beers and light wines, and ultimately and the results justified the} tre- | Such we!l known man claims commission. Harding to take the pointed. One of the most shock'ng events of the deserts. the year took place in illinois on June struck a vital blow at the strike. At-|!0 disasters in 1922, and vast property Strikebreakers and guards at &\torney General Daugherty, on Sep-/losses sustained. coal mine at Herrin, Williamson coun- tember 1, obtained from Judge WU destroyer was biown up, 50 men per-|Bell, inventor of the te-ephone; Unit- ty, after being attacked by striking je-son in Chicago a sweep'ng order isl'ng; and in Washington 97 persons'eq States Senator W. Ei. Crow of mintrs, surrenCered and nineteen of rastraining the shop crafts {them were at once brutally massa~ tourfering’ in any way with the opera- theater roof collapsed under weig' cred. The community and some of tion cf the railways. Two weeks later of snow. jits officials seemed largely in sym- the strike was broken when. many)in a mine explosion at Gates, Pa..|Rear Admiral Uriel Sebree, U. S. N ‘pathy with the murderers and for 4 rajtrouds negotiate separate agree- long time it was doubtful whether ments with the shopmen. they would be brought to justice. The state law officers took charge and in ‘ang elevated roads struck August 1 September many of the members of against a reduction in pay, and’ four ‘days later the dispute was settled by Among the noteworthy conventions compromise. the mob were indicted. of the year were that of women of \Pan-America in Ba‘timore in April; the triennial conclave of the Episco- vention of the American Legion in New Orleans in October, Alvin M. Owsley. of Texgs being elected na- jtonal commander. | ‘Phe centenary of U.S. Grant's birth was celebrated on April 27, and yon May 30 the great Lincoln me- jmorial in Washington was de(icated. Truman H, Newberry of Michigan, |whose right to a seat in tho senate |wwas upheld by that body on January 12, grew weary of the continual fight made to unseat him and resigned on November 18. Governor Groesbeck appointed Mayor James Couzens of {Detroit to fill out the term. For the first time in history the {United States senaty had a woman ‘senator. When Tom Watson of |Georgia died Governor Hardwick ap- | pointed Mrs. W. H. Felton, a veteran suffragist, to the vacancy, pending an jelection. W. F. George was elect- led to the place but when congress met in extra session he withheld his credentials long enough for Mrs, Fel- ton to be sworn in and serve dne cay. \ One of the first acts of congress in }tho year was the passage of the for- eign refunding debt bill, with a Umit further until December, when it to death. keting bill was enacted in February. On March 23 soldiers’ bonus bill and, after a long and bitter fight, it went through the ing had v was utirely for payment set at twenty-five years. | ‘The house in January also passed the |ing the year. Dyer anti-lynching bill, but it got nojof Judge the | was Democrats in the senate fillbustered/Giants won the National league pen- |list of notabe persons taken by death |tor; George Bronson Howard, pla: ‘The co-operative mar-|nant and the New York Yankees that|—In Jahuary President the strikers against interference wich} selected Pierco Butler, an matis or interstate transportaton, and 3 a conference between Russia an¢i the eminent lawyer of St. Paul, Minn., the azencies of the government were Western open; Jess Sweetzer of New new Baltic ions, | a coctlarioratnctonbeere | ¢ nations, Poland and Fin-|to fill the vacancy he won control of parlia- mado great gains and pposition party leadership active In enforcing Kenesaw M. Landis, the able an& ing they could not t'e up traffic. the pose of arranging treaties that would spectacular federal district judge Of strikes in many regions resorted to permit all of them to reduce their Chicago, left the bench on March 1 extreme violence, and even to mur) position of high com- ger, : |{il during much of the year, but re-| missioner of organized baseball. H's Brotherhood of’ Trainmen members Won the fishermen’s cup from the | wieeler, sumed active direction of the govern-|place was not filled until July 11 co-operated with them until called ort|4merican entry, Henry Ford. |when James H. Wilkerson was ap- py their chiefs. wi tinued trouble with some of the build- in: | } i he! NATIONAL LEGISLATION jS2™uel Gompers was re-elected pres!- dent. | of the house passed the |series was won easily by the Glants. i the Landis award. This resulted in ¢ Palian church in Seattle in Septem- ig ber; the G. A. R. national encamp- :trades ,council there, the recalcitrant ‘As ment at Des Moines in September. trades being put cn the open shop Dr. J. W, Willett of Towa being elect- jist, sav ang et commander-in-chief and the con-, iiiara enate on August 31. President Hard: | Hoppe ned congress the measure } Marcir unacceptable to him,lwhen Willie Hoppe recaptured it.!3. H. Mill B. C. Penfied, former ambassador to jAustria, Take Jonescu, Rumanian Statesman; Wu Ting-Fang, Chinese |diplomat; William Rockefeller, ci talist; S.C, Gons, inyentor of prin ing preases + In July: Bluenose | Birmingh profession; Miwe Brady of Detrolt, E Yori, national amateur; Glenna Col- his orders. Fira lett of Rhode Is'anc, women's nat'on- |al; Abe Mitchell of England, south- ern open. The Canadian E. W. Barrett, editor of am Age-Hera'd; Dr. E. J. editor Current Op‘nion; Rev, Dr. J. F Goucher, educator; Alice Miriam, grand opera star; Col. R. W. Guthrie, off magnate; Miss Mary N. Murfree (Charles Egbert Craddock.) In August: Glenn E. Plumb,, noted labor attorney; Alexander Graham In the Far West some of the schooner Severul trains bowled ith passengers were abandoned in Fina'ly the government} DISASTERS Many thousands of lives were lost In Jan:iury a Greek si in-|were killed and 133 injured when a| Pennsylvania; former Congressman ar ht | Lemuel Padgett of Tennesseeo; Enver In February 25 men died/pasha, ex-war minister of Turkey. Griffith, _presicent of Dail reann; John G. Woolley, noted pro- and 34 were killed by the fall and} arthur explosion of the army dirigible, Roma | py, which had been bought in Italy. On! nybittoniat; Lord Northoltffe, Eng- March 15 a great in the Chicago ish publisher; Levy Mayer, promi- business district ¢id damage amount- nent Chicago lawyer; Rollin D. Salis- ing to $8,000,000; on March 23 ® bury, geologist; Genevieve Ward, British submarine sank with twenty-| American tragedlenne; Rey. Dr. two men, and on March 29 the fa-/}tenry Couden, chaplain of the house mous church of St. Anne de Beaupre.|or representatives for twenty-five near Quebec, was burned. April was/years; Delavan Smith, pubisher In- marked by ' fatal and destructive ‘ajanapolis. News; Dr. Stephen Smith, jfloeds Gnd tornadces in the Missis- founder of American Public Health jsippt river valley and in Texas, and association; F. S. Peabody, Chicago |by a severe earthquake in Japan. On miiionaire: Ar:hur Dawson, Amer!- |April 18, 400 carloads of war muni-!can artist; Mri-Nellie Grant, daugh- tions exploded in Monastir, Serbia.|ter of General U. 8. Grant; W. kijling hundreds and destroying the| ral 3 center “of the city. On May 1'the P.|udse™ British naturalist and au & O. Liner Egypt was sunk In coll-|'/In september: ‘Theodore A. Bell, ston, 98 lives being lost; and on June | prominent lawyer and. politician of | ith 67 perished when a Paraguayan isan Franéisco :Bishop Samuel Fal- excursion steamer blew up. New liows of Reformed Episcopal church; York city had one of the worst storms! fmmet O'Neal. former governor of of recent years on June 11, about 5¢| aiabama; Leon Bonnat, French . ar- perscns being killed. Forty lives were ltist; Enos Mitls, American naturalist the wreck of a pilgrims’ train} and author; United States Senator Lourdes, France, on August 1:/-Thomas Watson of Georgia. |50,009 Chinese perished in a typhoon | Th October: Reale cada (Charies at Swatow August 2; 87 were killed /y Clark, U. SN: Walker Hill, bank- jin a railway wreck at Sulphur/ or ce st. Loule; Marle Lloyd, English | Springs, Mo., on August 5. Great for-| comedenne; Jorge Montt, former pres- est fires in Minnesota in August de-|Cent of Chele; Isaac Guggenheim. stroyed several ‘small towns. The! conper magnate; Dr. Lyman Abott Japanese cruiser Nitaka went down|egitor of Outlook: Father Bernard during a typhoon August 26, vith a), result preacher, loas of 300 lives, and three days later | Se yoruey, ms Tesult 313 perished when a Chiean! ship|" mn ‘November, ‘Thoman Nelson sank. near Coquimbo. On August 28{pags, author and former ambassador 48 men were entombed in a burning | ¢, Ttaly; Alfred. Gapus, French jour- gold mine shaft at Jackson, Cal., and |naust; ‘T. Dewitt Cuyler, prominent ~ days later all were found dead. | mir ; merea- SAMUEL GOMPERS - |Teiconara fort, Italy, wan destroyed |rnt orines nt’ New ome Phiiadelphia The American Feceration cf Labor!on September 28 by exploding ammu- - Gutlerr: id its annual meeting in June and nition stores, 174 soldiers. being citied: Srey meee ee Ee, a gioee On November 6 a°gas explosion in a}yfre Mary 4 | . Mary 8. Lockwood, founder ©: |mine. near Spangler, Pa, killed 80/1 4"; Bellamy Btorer, former &:Dlo- jminers, and on November 22 a dust | mat: Richart oe. Be, gunliaher et jexplosion in a mine near Birming-|potice Gazette; General Luke E ham, Aua., killed 8&4. 7. | Wright, former secretary of war. and {governor general of the Philippine: NECROLOGY 5 Every month of the year has its Employes of the Chicago surface ‘Chicago also had con- ig trades which -would not accept reorganization of the’ building SPORTS 's of all kinds frourished dur- Under the supervision Landis, organized baseball | prosperous. The New York] Spo! |iw. G. Sharp, former ambassador. to |France: Frank Bacon, American ® 4 FP these Ernest Shackleton, in the Antarctic; includ Sir lwright and author; Baron Sidney Son- British explorer, nino, Italian’ statesman; Henry Marquis Okuma, Cary, prominent newspaper man of the American league. The worid's Young Jake Schaefer won the 18.2| Japanese statesman; Prince Kalanin-|Chicago; F. C. Nedringhaus, former championship in from Willie janole, Hawaiian delegate in congre: from Missouri; G. H. tournament in |Joseph Oliver, crand sire of Odd Fel-|Se‘amore, Untted States consul ce ovember 21 /lows; former United States Senator/oral at Tokio: Congressman James rd of Nebraska; John T.1R. Mann of Mliino’ congressman a great held i:t until