Casper Daily Tribune Newspaper, August 13, 1919, Page 10

mm WAH waa nirnmA sive seme UI OWInTARr SFUEN PROVISIONS IN TREATY OF ~~ PEAGE MADE BASIS SENATE FIGHT Correspondent Martin Makes Clear Just What the; Washington Senate Conflict Involves and the Rival Claims ol By L. C. MARTIN (United Press Staff Correspondent) . WASHINGTON, Aug. 8.—Seven/ provisions of the peace treaty must) stand the brunt of the attack by sen- ators who demand reservations afd amendments as the price of their vote | for ratification. | Chief among these provisions is ar- ticle ten of the League of Nations} covenant. The text of this coeaa, follows: “ARTICLE 10.—The members of} the league undertake to respect and) preserve as against external aggres sion the territorial integrity and ex- isting political independence of all members of the league. In case of any such aggression, or in case of any | threat or danger of such aggression, the council shall advise upon the mtins by which this obligation shall be fulfilled.” Those demanding climination of | article ten, or at least a ‘reservation | by the United States respecting it, declare that the article obligates the United States, under the advice of the league council, to join in wars e vyhere for preservation of. the existing boundaries and stability of present governments. They declare it binds the United States.to make war at the order of a body composed of eight foreigners and one Ameri. ean, and that this clearly is an at tempt to rob congress of its consti. tutional powet of declaring and wag- ! ing war. . f Two Factions domestic, immigration is held by others te have an international aspect. League supporters, however, insist | that the definite provision of Article| '15 absolutely shuts out of consider-| ation any domestic question, and} leaves it for settlement between the} two nations. The fourth provision upon which a reservation is demanded is that cov-| ering withdrawal from the league. Its | text follows: | “ARTICLE 1 (paragraph 3).—Any| tember of the league may, after! two Years notice of :its intention to| ¥o so, withdraw from the league, pro- vided ithat all its international ob- Vigations and all its obligations under covenant shall have been ful- filled at the time of its withdrawal.” The criticism here is that the pro- vision allows the league—that is, for- eign nations—to decide, in the case of the’ United States, whether thi government has fulfilled its obliga- tions. .The demand is that the right of the United States to be the judge of its own obligations and the fu!-| fillment of them be recognized. The reply made to this criticism | is that the provision applies not only to the United States, but to every is fair for one is fair for all. Disarmament, as provided for in atticle eight of the covenant is anoth- er section causing dissatisfaction, and demand for a reservation. This pro- ion reads: “Article 8.—The members of the Those defending the article insist plesgue recognize that the maintenance that the. obligation incurred is not a legal one, but merely one of honor; that the United States need not ac- cept and: ect on the advice of the council unless it feels that course is | proper; that the article, while obli- gating this government to respect the territory and independence of all other powers, also obligates each of them -to-respect the United States’ territorial integrity and political in- dependence. The next provision is that referring to:the Monroe Doctine. It reads: “ARTICLE 21.—Nothing in this covenant shall be deemed to affect -the validity of international engage | of peace requires the reduction of | national Jarmaments to the ‘lowest / point consistent with national safety} and the enforcement. by common ac- tion of international obligations. “The council, taking account of the geographical situation and circum- stances of each state, shall formulate plahs for such reduction for the con- sideration and action of the several} governments. | “Such plans shall be subject to re- ¢onsideration and revision at least ev-| ery ten years. Fe “After these plans shall have been adopted by the several governments. the limits of armaments therein fixed shall. not be exceeded without the }nation in the league, aud that what) | ie Cosper Halle Sribune tend that article cight goes as far towards di coula go, the that nations entering gue in good faith will make the le effective by agreeing to the counci!’s suggestions, unless they clearly run counter to national safe- ty. And the article does not invade American sovereignty, they claim, be- cause it leaves to this govertiment | the option of accepting or rejecting) the council’s suggestions. The sixth exception is taken to ar- ticlé 19, which provides: “Article 19.—The assembly may from time to time advise the recon- | sideration by members of the league of treaties which have become in- applicable, and the consideration of international conditions whose con- tinuance might endanger the peace of the world.” This, critics of the league contend, opens the door to constant attempts by foreign nations to upset the Mon- roe dé&trine, and to interfere with American affairs. They point owt that the league, under this article, would have power to declare that re-} lations between the United States and Mexico threatened the world’s peace, and could order either the United States or some European power. to step in and change conditions. This contention is dubbed an ab- surd who insist the only effect of the ar- ticle is to provide a means for read- justments which may become neces- sary as conditions change. The seventh and final objection, and next to article ten, the strongest, is leveled at a provision of the’ trea-! plans, title deeds and documents of |—London—it is absolutely necessary | ty proper, outside the league of na- tions covenant. It is the provi: transferring German ri, i rmament as the league) by the league's supporters, | . WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 13, 19i9 But the league's supporters con-| tung peninsula to Japan. The-lang-}or other of the- territory of.. Kiao- ! uage of this provision is: “Article 156.—German renounces, | in favor of Japan, all her rights, title \and privileges—particularly those | concerning the territory of Kiaochow, railways, mines and ‘submarine cables ——which she acquired in vittue of the treaty concluded by her with China on Mirch 6, 1898, ‘and of ‘all’ other arrangements relative to the province of Shahtung. “All German rights in the Tsingtao- | Tsinanfu “railway,: including all its branch lines, together with its subsid- iary property-of all kinds, stations, shops, fixed and rolling stock, mines, plant ‘and, material for the exploita- tion of the mines, gre and remain ac- quired -by Japan, stogether with all rights and privileges attached there- to. “The German state, submarine ca- bles from Tsingtzo to Chefoo, with all the rights, privileges and proper- ties. attaching thereto are similarly | acquired by Japan, free and clear of all charges and encumbrances, | “Article 157.—The movable and immovable property owned ‘by the German state in the territory pf | Kiaochow, ad well as all’ the rights which Germany might claim in conse- | quence of the works or improvements } made, or of the expense incurred by her, directly or indirectly, in con- nection with this territory are ‘and remain acquired by Japan, free and clear of all charges and encumbrances. “Article 158.-—Germany shall hand over to Japan within ‘three months from the coming into force of the} present treaty the archives, registers, The new law it possible, not only for women == F jn Ontario making) . Hundreds of ,women who earn a 4» ivelihood as ‘extras’? in motion pie- vote in the provincial election but ture productions are copedenine “® also to hold seats in the legislature, |‘proposal to organize a ‘union wii a view to securing an, increase in pay and improved working conditions. chow. ‘ees the same periods Gormaans. all give particulars to Japan of al t 4 opmting’ Se aeaieata or agreements! is not to remain long inoperative. relating to the rights, titles or priy-| Several women have already Sree ileges referred to in the two preced-|¢d their’ intentions to he candidates | ing articles.” in the next elections. This, declare its critics, constitutes | ~~ ‘3 rina a theft from China by territory stolen from her in 1898 by Germany and puts the United States in the position | of underwriting an illegal transfer, | They insist that the control of the! railroad from Tsingtao to Tsinsafu,| a distance of 250 miles directly into) the heart of Shantung province, gives) Japan a stranglehold on the whole! province, with its 40,000,000 Chinese. | Administration forces reply vari- | ously that the whole province is not! | affected, but only about one seventh) lof it; that Japan has agreed to hand! it all back to China soon, and that! in any event, President Wilson, while| not liking the settlement, was serees to agree to it by sheer weight of* numbers against him. Water -Power BRITISH POWER | 7a $25.00. MUST CONTINUE, | || Sep gooey : SAYS MINISTER i “Bleetete aoa | oe - $100.00 | Ask 'Us' to Show You Holmes Hardware : Co. “Holmes to Homes” —_ooeoe Read The Tribune ads. Hand Power $12.50 $18.00 25.00 | i SYDNEY, Australin.—It would! be crass stupidity on the part of the | British people to relinquish any sea/ power they possess,” recently declar-| ed Acting Naval Minister Poynton. | “Situated as Britain is with all the} trade routes converging on one point! that she should have sufficient ships “Casper, Wyo. in her fleet to keep those trade routes | ” | Phone 601 ments, ‘such as treaties of arbitration or regional understandings like the Monroe Doctrine, for securing the anaintenance of peace.” ‘This article does concurrence of the council. “The members of the league agree that the manufacture of private en- terptise of munitions and implements not protect’ the} of war ‘is open to grave objections. Mgnroe Doctrine as an Anieriéiti |The coyneil shall advise how the evil poligy, many senators declare, be-)-effects attendant upon such manufac- cause it'does not properly define the| ture can be prevented, due regard be- doctrine. They assert that the Mon-|ing had to the necessities of those | Toe doctrine is not a “regional und-} members of the league which are not ‘erstanding” but a distinctly American }able to manufacture the munitions foreign policy. They want a reserva-|gnd implements of war necessary for tion to the effect that nothing in the | their safety. “The members ‘of the league -un- relinquishment by, the United States | dertake to:interchange full and frank of its traditional attitude toward) information as to the scale of their purely American questions, or to re armaments, their military, naval and treaty shall be construed to. imply ‘a! quire the submission of its policy re-| gir programs and the condition of garding what it deems to. be purely|suchof their industries as are adapt- American questions to the decision | able to wat like purposes.”’ The criticism directed against this _» Administration senators reply that| article is that while it discusses dis- article 21 is in fact a recognition for} armament,.it. does not really provide or recommendation of other powers. the the first time by the great world) for .it. The fact that the council's pawers of the Monroe Doctrine, &nd | fynction is.merely that of drawing up that the League Covenant itself in| and submitting a ; ich may be effect extends the principles of that| rejected by any government, is held, doctrine to the whole world: by league critics to be a fatal defect ‘The third provision against. which!in any plan designed effectively to| objection is made is that relating to |‘disarm nations. Another criticism is that if the Uni-| issan alleged conflict of two provis-|ted States accepts this article, it will domestic questions. In this case, it ions which has caused the demand | bind itself to accept the orders of the | for amendment or reservation. These | couricil made up of one American and | two provisions follow: “ARTICLE 11.—Any war threat of war, whether immediately affecting any of the members of the league or not, is hereby declared to be.a matter of concern to the whole league, and the league shall take such action that may be deemed wise and effectual to safeguard the peace of nations. It is also declared to be the friendly right of each member of the league to bring to the atten- tion of the Assembly or the Council any circumstance whatever affecting international relations which ‘threat- ens to disturb international peace or the good understanding between mar} tions on which peace depends.” “ARTICLE 15. (paragraph eight) —if the dispute between the parties is claimed by one of them and is- found by the council to arise out of} a matter which by international law is solely within the domestic juris- diction of that party, the council shall so: report, and shall make no recome mendation 2s to its settlement.” Those demanding a reservation making plain the refusal of the Unit- ed’ States to admit that the league has jurisdiction over domestic ques- tions like immigration, the tariff and regulation of coastwise trading, .de- clare that article eleven authorizes .the league to take jurisdiction, They point to the language “any war or threat of war,” and “any circum- stances whatever~ affecting interna- tional relations,” in proof of their contention. “They insist that ‘the quoted paragraph of Article 15 does not prevent the league taking juris- diction, if war is threatened by a dis- pute over a question which lies purely | within the domestic jurisdiction of; one party, but to the handling af which under such jurisdiction, the other. party seriously objects. The im- gtigration question is cited as an ex- ‘ample. While recognized by some international law experts as purely] out broken sizes. “Watch the Elgin Movement” If you are searching for good values in men’s suits —come to our store now. Tn spite of the fact that our regular prices are low, we have cut from $3 to $5 off the price of many Sum- mer suits in order to clean This is a chance to. get a good suit at a good saving. Good values in shirts, underwear, -pa‘jamas, socks and straw hats. Successor to Dioom Shoe & Clothing Co, eight foreigners, as to the size of the| or) American army and navy. Pet 'e Scientific Service Our business.is to make-your .cartage.cost-less.. Then we apply the tire right, knowing that: this has a lot to do with its success.or failure. 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