Casper Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 26, 1917, Page 3

FUBUC GOOD ROADS HELP CHILDREN Improved Highways of Great Benefit to Them in Going and Coming From Sountry Schools. The rural population is more willing to support better schools today than at any previous time. It is being re- alized that all educational aciivities or agencies must be more or less cor- related, and, more than all else, that they must be more accessible to the children. In many counties where bad roads prevail, most of the schools are of the antiquated one-room va- riety. They are usually located along bad roads which, during the winter, when the schools are usually in ses- sion, become so nearly impassable as to make it difficult for the children to reach them. This. condition causes irregular attendance and restricts the educational opportunities of the child. Not only this, but it often impedes the economic consolidation of these small- Stone Road in Ohio. er schools into larger, stronger graded schools, with high school directed by a competent principal and corps of teachers. On the other hand, in counties which have improved their roads, the schools are easily reached, the aver- age attendance greater, the efficiency largely increased and economic con- solidation made possible. Regular at- tendance at school means consistent and regular growth of both school and pupil, and consolidation of schools means a maximum of efficiency at a minimum of cost. It is also note- worthy that there is a marked tend- eney for the consolidated school to be- come the social and intellectual cen- ter of the community. Most modern rural schoolhouses are so constructed as to serve the community as gather. ing places for various kinds of public meetings, and where vans are used to convey the children to school during the day they are frequently pressed into service to haul the farmers and their wives to institute work, lectures, or entertainments at the schoolhouse. The consolidated school becomes a sort of community center to which all educational and social activities con- verge, and in order that it may pro- perly perform that function all of the highways leading to it should be so improved as to render it readily ac- cessible throughout the year. PERILOUS RAZOR-BACK ROADS Miniature Mountain Ranges Should Not Be Maintained in Center— They Are Dangerous. If you have ever ridden along a country road which has been worked to a peak in the center so that your load tilted one way while you tried to keep your balance by tilting the other, you know what the wrong kind of road dragging is. Roads so dragged should be reported to the road supervisor, or the county engineer. Such roads are positively dangerous. Help the good roads cause by seeing that the roads of your vicinity are not made miniature mountain ranges. ROAD VERY SIMILAR TO LIFE Rough Road Is Interesting, but We Must Travel Over It Slowly and Quite Carefully. How much a road is like life. The good road is like life at its best— smooth sailing, and enjoyable. A rough road is like life at its worst, A rough road is interesting, but we have to traverse it slowly and carefully. Conserve Soil Fertility. Soil fertility can be conserved by the use of good crop rotations which include the legumes, by feeding ,all cropson the place where they are frown by the careful return of all ma- nures to the soil. Care for Farm Machinery. ‘The farm machinery is only used for & short period, but must work contin- aously when being used. Hence it courses, | DADDY'S EVENING FAIRY TALE by MARY GRAHAM BONNER POTATOES’ TALK. “Mr. Potato,” said Daddy, “was in a bag in the cellar. He was talking to the other Potatoes in the bag. “*Well, and how do you ilke it in here?’ he asked. “The other Potatoes rolled over each other tn the bag a little and said: “It's all right for the winter time we suppose.’ “‘Well, well, well,’ said Mr. Potato. So yon like to do something different n the winter from the summer. Dear me, seems to me you're very fashion- able Potatoes. You're like fine Grown- Ups and Children who live in one place In the winter and another in the summer, And pray tell me where do you like to be in the summer?’ “ ‘Now, it's nonsense,’ said Mrs, Irish Potato, ‘for you to talk in such a fash- on. As if we put on any more airs than you do or any other Potatoes for that matter, toes—that’s all,’ “‘And what is that? asked Mr. Po- tato, ‘I'm sure I'm very much tnter- ed.” Potato, ‘as if you don’t know as much about the Potato family as we do.’ “We're all different some of us are fat and said Mr. Potato, ‘Some of us are red shapes and some tren Taken Off Upstairs by the Cook. j and some the color of dirt and some |quite a good deal lighter in shade, | Then some of us are excellent to eat and others aren't really good at | So if w » different in looks I don't see any reason why we shouldn't have | different ideas too,’ “‘T never heard before,’ said Mrs. Irish Potato, ‘of any Pofato having ideas.’ “‘Maybe you never called them that —but you must have them, or you wouldn't have said you liked one kind of a place in the summer and another In the winter. And what do you like to do in the spring and fall? I've no doubt you have something else you like to do then." Now you're becoming quite rude,’ said Mrs. Irish Potato. “Tl can’t be rude ideas,’ said Mr. Potato. ‘And you say none of us have ideas. At that rate we can't be anything at all.’ “"Yes, we can,’ said Mrs, Lrish Po- tato, ‘we can be Potatoes!’ “*‘How extremely bright of you!’ chuckled Mr. Potato. And if you don’t unless I have to see them fall over laughing some times when they're in the barrel or the bag waiting to be taken out anc cooked. “‘But, he added after a moment ‘you haven't yet told me where you'c like to be in the summer. We're wast ing all our time quarreling and maybe the cook will come along any momen and take us upstairs to be caten,’ “‘In the summer,’ said Mrs. Iris? Potato, ‘we like to be growihg In th ground. In the spring of course we get started off and in the summer we have a fine time under the earth. Bx cept, of course, sometimes, when Lady Potato Bug comes a-calling. We don’ elike that. And in the winter we are quite willing to lie in a bag or a bar rel and wait to be cooked.’ “*All of which I knew before,’ sal¢ Mr. Potato. “Why did you ask me to tell you then?’ asked Mrs. Irish Potato, “‘T thought maybe you'd tell me something new.’ “The only new thing I can tell you is that I hope when the cook comes for me she will fry me. It would be so nice to be cooked in butter and put in a pan. Then I'd be brown and hot and nice.” “Td rather be mashed, said Mr. Potato. ‘I'd look so handsome and white then.’ “Td rather be baked In my Jacket,’ sald another little Potato. “*and I'd like to be put Into a stew,’ said still another Potato, ‘and meet some of the other vegetables and have a nice sauce to swim aboot in, until I was eaten.’ . “Well, I only hope we each get our special wish,’ said Mrs. Potato. “1 hope so,’ satd Mrs. Irish Potato, as she was put with a good many of the other Potatoes Into a pan and taken off upstairs by the cook.” fine A Balance Oue Him. Mother—Well, for mercy sake! Here you are at thi jam again. Didn't I whip you for that an hour ago? Tommy—Yes, ma; but I heard you tell Aunt Jane you thought you'd whipped me too bard, so I thought rd must be in good running order and | make it even.—Boston Evening Tran- broperly adjusted. — script. . We're just like all Pota- | The very idea,’ lunghed Mrs. Irish | thin,’ | believe Potatoes can chuckle you ough: | : THE CASPER DAILY TRIBUNE FAR IN THE LEAD UNITED STATES RAILROADS SU- PERIOR TO ALL. Officiai Statistics Reveal Facts Which Should Be Matter of Gratification to Americans—interesting to Note Scales of Wages. The comparative railroad statistics | of the United States and foreign coun- | tries issued by the bureau of railroad economics cover some 38 countries or states, having a total railroad mileage of 591,000 miles. The most cursory study of these statistics reveals cer- jtain striking economic facts which cannot fail to interest any American reader, remarks the Scientific Ameri- Can, Perhaps the most interesting point revealed by these tables is that, de- | spite high wages paid in the United | States, we are carrying freight at a lower rate than any other country, ex- cept India. The average rate per mile in this country is 0.729 ceuts, which is not much more than 60 per cent of the average rate for similar service in leading countries of Europe. In India | the rate Is 0.7 cents, but in that coun- | try the wage, which ordinarily is the jhighest item in the expense list, is so low as to be almost negligible. Bra- zil has the bighest rate, 7.04 cents per |mile. The rate for France is 1.18 per mile, and in Germany it Is 1.24 per United States, 2.008 h that of any other country except izil and Cuba, In Austria the aver receipt 1.07; cents, In France 1.068 and in Germany 0,908 cent. The) density of traffic in the United States is 143,067 passen- ger miles per mile of line. In many the density is 693,317 passenger miles per mile of line, while Belgium has a density of 1,046,614, A line upon the Important question of accommoda- tions can be had by a study of the tables showing the average number of ps engers per train. In the Unit- } ed States it is 55, in France 70, in Ger- many 84, in Japan 108 and in India 182. Having these figures in mind, it is not surprising to find that the pas- | Senger revenue per mile of line on our | railroads, which is 71, is exceeded in 16 other countries, the |revenue in Germany being $6 in Belgium $7,¢ 1,684. mile in the cents, is higher th and Great Britain | The low rate at which our railroads jare able to carry freight is due chief- ly to the large | vidual capacity of the indi- freight cars, the great power of the individual locomotive and the consequent length and carrying power jof the trains. We haul more freight per car, per train and per mile than |the railroads of any other countries. Thus, the average capacity of the freight car in the United States three yeurs ago was 38 tons, as compared with 14.3 in Austria, 14.1 in France and 15.9 tons in Germany. As was to be expected, {t Is in the new world only that we find cars approaching in capacity those of the United States, the Mexican cars carrying 35.4 tons and those of Canada 32.1 tons. The load of freight carried per train in the United States is far greater than In any other country, the average in 1913 35.4 tons. In Canada it was tons, In Germany it was 239 tons and in France 147 tons. Our railroads hauled the greatest | amount of traffic per mile of line, the amount in 1913 being 1,245,158 ton miles per mile of line. In Germany it was 1,119,983 tons and In Russia 1,- 083,254 tons. But the freight revenue per mile of line In this country was only $9.048, which must be compared with $13,950 in Germany. We find, as was to be expected, a great difference in the average wage paid in this country and in Europe, the average wage of our railroad em- ployees being nearly double that paid in the leading European countries, In the United States the average com- pensation is $756.83, in Germany it Is $408.97, in Holland $341.52 and in Rus- sia $211.40. The earnings per mile of line in the United States are low compared with those of other countries. In 1913 the average revenues per mile of line in the United States were $12,859. In Germany and Great Britain they were about twice as great, those for the lat- ter country being $28,645 per mile of line. The average capital per mile of line is for the United States $65,- 861, for Germany $120,049, for France $150,439 and for Great Britain $274,- 027. New Kind of Wallpaper. According to’ a man well-posted on walipaper matters, something new in that line probably will be shown in this country in the next few months as a result of its success in Canada, where itis made. It is known as semi- trimmed wallpaper, in which the selvage or edge that is left on to pre- vent the pattern being damaged in handling, and which has to be taken off when the paper is hung, is made very easy of removal by means of an automatic perforating device that Is patented in about every country under the sun. Instead of having carefully to cut the protective edge off, as in the ordinary paper, the selvage of the pa- per in question can be removed before unrolling by breaking the end of the roll off with a quick twist of the wrist. If it is left on until the pat- ing is done, it can easily be torn off. thus obviating the need of careful cut- ting with trimming knife and straight ndge. It is snid to have other virtues us well, : 3 MEN DESERVING OF HONOR Skillful and Fearless Are Those Who Sit in the Engine Cabs of the Locomotives. e “You writer fellows like to talk about the heroes of the engine cab,” says the fireman, as we near the freight yards of B—, “The boy who is pulling that greasy old Baldwin comes nearer being a kero than Jimmie or any of the rest of the passenger bunch.” There is nothing cryptic in his mean- ing. He means that the freight en- gineer, pulling a less carefully main- tained piece of motive power, to which has been added not only its full work- ing capacity of cars, but as many ex- tra as an energetic and hard-pressed trainmaster may add, up to the risk point of an engine failure and conse- quent complete breakdown out upon the main line, must keep out of the way of the gleaming green and gold and brass contraption that has the right of way from the very moment she starts out from the terminal. Yet it is the freight puller and his train that is earning the money that must be used to pay the deficit on the limited that whirls by him so contemptuously. For that proud and showy thing has never been a money-earner—and never will be. Across this broad America there are 70,000 Freemans—sitting at the throt- tle sides of the big locomotives, steam and electric, pulling freights and pas- sengers, little trains and long. With each of them rides Responsibility. Each of them knows that. Yet they do not think of danger. They scorn the word “he They merely like to think of themselves as men ¢ ve of handling a big job in a big we They represent the railronds of America—an organi- zation that has the most sensitive and well-trained labor of any business in the world. The man in the engine cab is a man of whom any American citi- zen may well be proud.—Mugazine Sec- tion of the Washington Star, HAS A GOOD APPEARANCE Coaling Station of Re-Enforced Con- crete Is a Decided Improvement on Those in General Use. A southwestern railroad has recent- ly constructed a coaling station ‘at st Tulsa, Okla., and another at Wil- y Springs, Mo., which are new in design and present a pleasing ntrast to the common type of conaling station, which has.a most forbidding appear- ance. The two stations resemble round towers and are of re-enforced concrete The larger one is 89 feet high and 23 feet in diameter. A large Re-Enforced Concrete Coaling Station of New and Pleasing Design. arched passageway for the cars is cut through its base. A coal car to be un- loaded is placed in this passageway and its contents dumped into a con- crete hopper directly beneath it. From the hopper the coal is raised by con- veyors to a bin which occupies the up- per 29 feet of the station. The con- veyors occupy two shafts that are bullt adjoining the wall, one on either side of the archway. Two discharging chutes are provided for coaling the en- gines. Each tower also contains a bin for sand, which, after being dried, is forced into it by compressed air. The larger tower has a capacity of 300 tons.—Popular Mechanics Magazine. Year’s Casualties Among Switchmen. At a hearing in the controversy be- twen the Switchmen’s union and cer- tain railroads upon which a demand for an’eight-hour day was made it was shown that 2,243 switchmen and yard- men had been killed or injured in the months of July, August and September, 1915. A table based on those figures gave 9,782 killed and injured for a year, or about one man in five among the 45,- 000 switchmen and yardmen in the United States, was placed at 256, ‘Thankful Spirit. There 1s an intimate and v cal con- nection of the grateful and ae trust- ing spirit. The thankful b somes the trustful spirit in view of what seem privations, losses and af versities. The plains of sand seem to be in more need of rains than the cultivated fields and gardens. Yet when the rains fall on the sandy plain there are no signs of refreshing there; but when they fall on the grass or grain or flowers, all these things, as if responsive, revive and rejoice in the blessings—which is an emblem of human life-—Edwin Pond Parker. Counter lilustration. He—One certainly can't help get- ting disgusted with women occasion- ally. Look at the ridiculous kind of ‘pet dogs they fondle. She—And look at the ridiculous kind The number of kil). ah The efficiency of the farm horse next spring and summer will depend largely upon the feed and care it re- celves this winter, asserts Dr. OC. W. McCampbell, associate professor of animal husbandry in the agricultural college. “Despite the fact that feeds are high in price, the farm horse must be well fed during the coming winter months,” said Doctor McCampbell. “A study of market prices reveals the fact that bran and alfalfa hay are two of the cheapest feeds available when feeding value is considered. Both are well adapted to winter feeding because of the lighter work of the farm horse during the winter season, and because of the cooler weather. This being true, both should enter largely in the farm horse ration this winter. Use Much Roughage. “At present prices a combination of 6 parte of corn and 4 parts of bran {is 20 cents a hundredweight cheaper than corn alone, and has practically the same feeding value as HORSES OF THIS KIN an equal weight of oats. Ten to 12 pounds of alfalfa hay a day in place of prairie hay will enable one to re- duce the grain ration approximately 20 per cent. “Large amounts of roughage, such as corn fodder, cane, and straw, which might otherwise be wasted, may be utilized when alfalfa hay is fed, for the richness of the alfalfa causes a craving for other roughages.” The size of the draft horse will de- pend largely upon the feed and care that the weanling recelves during the first winter, asserts Doctor McCamp- bell. “In developing the colt, it must be remembered thet the feed it gets the IMPORTANT TO SAVE ALL LIQUID MANURE Considerable Proportion of Nitro- gen Lost Through Fermenta- tion and Leaching. The fertilizing value of the total ex- crement from horses is about $20 per animal per year, and from cattle about $25, according to the chemistry sec- tion of the Nebraska experiment sta- tion. Nearly half of the nitrogen and po- tassium from farm animals occurs in the liquid excrement. It is therefore important that this be saved through use of sufficient straw to absorb it. Manure stored in the open barnyard | loses a considerable proportion of 1ts | nitrogen through fermentation, and Its potassium and other mineral elements through leaching. ‘This loss may be avoided by hauling the manure to the fleld as fast as it accumulates, If this is impracticable, it may be stored in a covered shed, where animals run over it, and so keep it well packed. The greatest loss of fertility occurs when the ma- aure is stored in loose piles. HOG LICE QUESTION IS VERY IMPORTANT Pests Take Advantage of Condi- tions in Cold Weather and Breed Quite Rapidly. (By R. C. ASHLY, Minnesota Experiment Station.) It ‘has been estimated that a 150- pound hog has 92,000 drops of blood. Suppose he is supporting 1,000 lice and each takes one drop of blood per day. ‘What per cent of his blood will be lost daily, and who will pay the bill? _ The question is important right now, for lice are worse in winter than in summer. The hogs pile up closely and spend much time In their beds. The lice take advantage of the situation and breed rapidly. ‘To remove the ice is neither difll-' HORSE MUST BE WELL FED DURING WINTER first 18 months and especially the first winter determines to a great extent the gize of the colt at maturity,” said Soctor McCampbell. “The size of a horse determines very largely its value. “Good breeding gives wonderful pos sibilities, but it takes feeding If these possibilities are to be fully realized. The best bred colt will be no better than a scrub if fed upon a starvation ration. “A draft colt makes one-half of its development by the time it Is one year old, hence the importance of a good start. The colt should be taught to eat grain before it is weaned, and aft- er being weaned should be allowed a Uperal ration of alfalfa or clover hay with other available roughages, such as corn fodder, kafir butts, cane hay, and straw. The colt should be fed suf- ficient grain to keep it in a good grow- ing and thrifty condition. Colts Need Exercise. “One should never be able to see a colt'’s ribs. A ration of from six to D ALWAYS IN DEMAND. elght pounds of grain a day should be fed for each 1,000 pounds of lve weight. Oats ts an excellent feed but at present the price is so high that it is not practical, A good substitute is corn, 70 per cent; bran, 20 per cent; and ofl meal, 5 per cent by weight.” Colts should not be housed too close- ly during the winter, pointed out Doc- tor McCampbell, In this climate a shed opening to the south will furnish suffi- clent shelter for winter, Colts should have access to a pas- ture or large lot so as to have plenty of exercise. Where winter pasture, such as wheat or rye {Is available, the feed bill may be cut down consider- ably. cult nor expensive. Dipping or spray- ing with coal-tar compounds is dan- gerous in winter, but three other treat- ments are available. There are: 1, Equal parts kerosene and ma- chine oll mixed together and applied with an oll can, brush or swab, 2. Crude oll (thinned with kerosene, if too thick), applied with a brush or as @ spray. Powdered staphisagria dusted on the pigs, or steeped as a tea and ap- plied with a brush or as a spray. For a small bunch the first treat- ment is the most convenient, but when one has many hogs the crude oil is cheaper. Be sure to apply behind the ears and in both flanks, The lice pre- fer folds of the skin, . Clean the beds and pens thoroughly, also, If these are thoroughly sprayed with the oil there should be no further trouble from the lice, If the hogs ..ep in straw sheds one can keep them free from lice by treating them every tavo weeks. Try it! STURDY COCKERELS MAKE BEST CAPONS Fowls Should Be Good-Sized, Vig- orous and With Large Frame— Keep Them Growing. The very best cockerels must be se- lected for capons. They should be good- sized, vigorous. A large frame is necessary if much flesh Is to be put upon it, and in breeding for capons one should select a strain that matures as early as possible. The capons must be kept growing every moment and they should have a reasonably large range. If confined too closely they are apt to become droopy and sick. While not particularly active, they thrive better if they have a reasonably large run, and they seem to take on fat better. Too many people make the inistake of waiting until within two weeks of marketing before fat\ining their birds, They should be pushed at least six weeks to get the very best results. This will produce a large, fat capon that will bring a fancy price If packed | in clean, wivte paper in a clean box, _ Pa . ie f wy 4 Ey