The Butler Weekly Times Newspaper, September 4, 1913, Page 3

The one insect of vital importance to the farmers of Missouri this year is the chinch bug. It has destroyed much of the wheat and seems certain to destroy a great deal of the corn in the badly infested counties of. the ture is sure to amount to millions of dollars in this state alone. Like most of our insect pests, the chinch bug is destructive for a few years and then it seems to disappear for many years. In reality it is-with us all the time, though in reduced * frumbers, and when a few seasons come which especially favor it it be- comes a scourge for three or four @tate this year. The loss to agricul-| are obliged to search for a new sup- they: are found collected in armies, and before they move on to the corn field, there is a chance to prevent in- jury to the corn or other crop. BARRIERS.—The latter part of June or early in July the chinch bugs ply of food, and, as most of them are’ yet without wings, they migrate on foot, so that barriers placed around the infested fields help greatly. There are two good types of barriers—the dust and the oil or tar barriers. The aim is to destroy as many of the bugs of the first brood as possible and to prevent their getting into other crops to rear the second broods, which lives through the winter. Bust Barriera——The dust barriers are very effective and easily main- tained so long as rain does not inter- tore. The plan is to keep a supply of fine, dry, hot dust over which the | buss attempt to crawl during the hot ; part of the day. The heat destroys many, and the fine. dust closes the | breathing pores and smothers those not overcome by the heat. A dust barrier scan be made by plowing a strip 10 Br 15 fect wide and thoroughly working it until a fine dust - | mulch is formed. It is best to ploy before the ground gets too dry anc hard and then be ready to work it seriodical droughts. when the bugs begin to migrate. Dur- that tt alee tends! ing the migration period, which may It usually first | last from one to two weeks, it is nec- essary that a brush, harrow or eihcr device be dragged back and forth over the strip to keep the dust stirred up from about 10 o’clock until 4 in the afternoon, when the bugs are most ‘ye reappearance j s a scourge is as- sociated with the Past records si to move eastward. | appears as a pest in Kansas and in a| year or two begins to attract atten- tion in Missouri, end later, in the states east to Ohio. Record of Present Outbreak. active, | This is the third year the present! ji or Tar Barriers.—Dust barriers 4 outbreak has attracted attention inj/are all that we need during dry Missouri, and even four years ago it| weather, but in case of rain we must was at work in Kansas. Two years| establish an oil or tar barrier, A On Inside With Cement ailos is the Gurler. It has advantages | which make it compare favorably in many lécalities with the concrete silo. It is not only much cheaper than the conerete silo, but when properly con- strocted lasts through a long period of time and preserves the silage in The Gurler silo is built much like the wall of a frame house, except that it is round, and has a lining of boards running around it somewhat like the hoops of a barrel, which give it strength to resist the great pressure of the silage. The cement plaster, with which this silo is lined, protects the frame- 2 Built of Wood On a Concrete Foundation Lined Probably the best type of the cheap | Plaster—Is Inexpensive THE LATH.—Although somewhat expensive, the sheet steel or expand- ed steel lathing found on the market ig the best for the purpose. But .ordi- narily the same material as the sheet- ing ripped into inch and one-half widths and beveled on the edges is used. These are nailed on top of the sheeting so as to break joints, cover- ing cracks whenever possible and leaving a suitable space for clinching the mortar. THE UPPER HALF.—When the sheeting and lath have been put on to within about a yard of the top of the first length of studdins, a tem- porary platform or trestle may be laid to enable the workmen to erect the ugo_it—was scarce, though tr ick, viscid road oll similar to No. 7 cases it did injury to wheat in the|of the Standard Oil company gives west-central counties of the state./ even better results than the tar. Be- Last year it had advanced across Mis- | fore applying the oil, a low, well- souri and was attracting attention in| packed ridge should be formed. Then Illinois. The main injury last year| by using an ordinary sprinkling can was in the west-central @ounties, with the sprinkler removed, or, better though some occurred in central and/ stil, by attaching a hose to a barrel north-central counties. of oil, one can run a narrow line of Development and Life Cycle. oil along the ridge. This line must The chinch bug lives through the! be kept fresh by adding more oil from winter as a mature insect in open) time to time. At first it may be nec- fields and meadows which are heavily | essary to add the oll twice a day, but covered with sod and trash. It #l80/ jater only once in two or three days. lives in woods, under leaves, in corn| The line of of] should not be more ss shock, Re straw, sn ee bald than an inch whe. and other protected places. &/ Post holes every rod or so on the mild-winter’ Hike the past, practically | side of the line next to the infested all the chinch bugs live through, and/ feld will help to trap the swarms of are ready to fly in search of food in| migrating bugs, where they can be early spring. They usually first at-| killed by means of a little coal ofl. A tack wheat, though not infrequently | mile of this kind of barrier can be they will injure the early corn. maintained throughout the migrating These “winterover adults” suck saP | period for less than $5. from the plant for a time and then be- Winter Burning. gin to lay small eggs at the base of) 1 farmers will co-operate in fight- wheat plants, and from these hatch | ing the bugs with the barriers during small, active, red bugs which also be-|the summer, few will succeed in gin sucking sap. As a rule, these| reaching corn or other crops,- and young bugs are just about mature | those can be killed by sprinkling with when the wheat is cut, and, being de-\ strong soap suds or tobacco tea, or prived of the sap of wheat plants,| by burning with a flame. But where they move on foot to corn fi@lds,| careful summer work is not done meadows and other growing crops.| swarms of bugs will be collected dur- , Those which reach corn soon com-| ing the fall in meadows and pastures, -plete their growth and lay eggs for 4/ in bunch grass and other grasses and second brood of young, which feed on | hedges, under leaves and other pro- the sap of corn and mature and later | tection, go into winter quarters. All such harboring places should be ’ What Can Be Done? burned over in the early winter, when | In the early part of the year, while| it is dry and the wind is not too the chinch bugs are feeding upon the| strong. This does away with the wheat, the farmer must stand by and| swarms which fly to wheat in the see his crops destroyed. But when | spring. vepyl | oughly moist and then spread out to WHEAT SMUT TREATMENT dry. The solution will not penetrate the grains in the “stinking smut” of wheat, however. The bad grains must be removed. SOILS ADAPTED TO WHEAT By M. F. Miller, Professor of Agron- omy, University of Mie- souri. a peeeaeerenen Sei nar ONAN achstiiigg > SHOULD BE IMMERSED IN A FOR- MALIN SOLUTION. By M. F. Miller, Professor of Agron- omy In the College of Agriculture, University of Missouri. Prepare a solution as follows: Mix .. Ohe pound ‘of commercial formalin (40 per ceht) with 40 or. 60 gallons An ideal wheat soil is one with good drainage, with a medium to fine texture, and one of good fertility. Lack of drainage is one of the great- bor obstacles to winter wheat-grow- } ber. The: Gurler Silo In Course of Construction, work from the moisture of the silage, so that the timbers are not subject to the swelling and contraction common | to the stave silo. Cost of Gurler Silo. The Gurler silo is especially adapt- | ed to those parts of Missouri where there is still a local supply of native lumber, which furnishes a cheap} building material. The cost ranges | from $1.75 to $2 per ton capacity. A 100-ton silo will cost in the neighbor- | hood of $200. The dimensions of a; 400-ton silo are approximately 34 feet | high by 14 feet across. | Method of Construction, | The foundation of the silo is made of concrete. In building this a pit is dug two or three feet deep and a concrete wall is made in this to ex- tend a foot akove the ground. Blocks | of two-by-fours are laid around on top| before the concrete has set, with large spikes running into the con- crete. This forms a solid sill and helps to anchor the silo. The studdings are made of two lengths of two-by-four lumber spiked together at the middle, and are erect- ed two feet apart. If the diameter and height of the silo are more than about 16 feet by 32 feet, it-is advisa- ble to either use two-by-six lumber or set the studding only 18 inches apart. Two pieces of two-by-four lumber spiked together to make a four-by-four Is used as a center pole to tie the studding to while they are being set up. Each separate stud is toe-nailed to the center of a section of the sill tn the concrete foundation. Only the lower half of the studding is put up first. The second piece is spiked on, after the lower half of the silo is nearly complete and needs no bracing. The studding is plumbed with a car- penter’s level and tied in position tem- porarily with small scraps of oi] lum- Putting on the Sheeting. ‘When the lower half of the stud- WILL OPEN SEPTEMBER 1, 1913 Reasons for Attending our School 1.—You have completed the common school course. Is it worth while to seek the additional preparation for your life's work offered by a first class high school? Are the advantages of such training worth the sacrifice of your time and money? 2.—A high school training pays, first, because of the social prestige that it gives. Asa rule, the positions of hon- or and trust, the positions that men consider worth while, are held by those persons who have had the ad- vantage of the training of some good educational insti- tution. A good education is the equivalent of years of social experience. 3.—A high school training is necessary to enter good so. ciety. In these days none but the well educated can enter the best society unless he be very rich. 4.—A good training in history and literature fits one for higher mental plane of living. Our manner of living and thinking is influenced most by the lives and works of others. The ability to properly use good books will bring to us the influences of the lives and works of the best men of all ages. 5.—The “Bread and Butter” viewpoint is not the most worthy, but it is practical, common, and conclusive, for most of us. The Chicago Board of Education in con- junction with the Association of Commerce collected statistics upon the value of a high school training. They found at the age of leaving high school, the school trained boy received $3.00 a week more than the untraiped. At the age of 32 years the school trained Butler High School second half in the same manner as the first was put up. It is well to leave the center pole resting on the concrete floor and extend it by adding another piece. The second half of the studding should be spiked to the first with a lap of about two feet. After plumb- ing and staying in place, the sheeting and lath are put on, and finally, after removing the temporary platform, the middle is completed by putting on the sheetilg and lath. Care must be taken that no wide cracks are left. PLASTERING.—The wall of the silo is plastered to a depth of about one inch (about one-half inch over the lath) with a rich, well-mixed mortar made from three parts of sharp, clean, coarse sand or finely crushed stone and one part of Portland cement. The mortar should be about as thick as that ordinarily used in plastering a house. DOORS.—Four doors are sufficient for a 30-foot silo, and five are enough for a 36-foot silo. Ordinarily the bot- tom of the first door will come about two and a half feet above the sill. The doors are two and a half feet high and four feet is allowed between doors. THE ROOF.—It is generally agreed that the silage is preserved just as well without a roof. However, as a matter of looks, it is generally sup- plied. A plate similar to the lower sill is put around the top of the silo on top of the studding. The roof is usually made im the same manner as the roof of a house, except the rafters are put up in conical form and no joists are put in. The roof boards are put on in short lengths, and shingles or some other good roofing material put on top. A properly made door must be left to thé roof through which to fill the silo. SIDING.—Although somewhat ex- pensive, galvanized sheet metal makes a good siding. Probably the most practical plan, however, is to put on some hoops and nail ordinary boxing lumber to them. The hoops are made of three thicknesses of the sheeting meterial put around the out- side of the silo every four feet, being careful not to cross doors. One thick- ness is put on at a time. The joints must. break to insure strength. The boxing lumber is put on vertically and nailed to the hoops. “laborer received $22.60 more than the untrained. This means that the increase of salary for the school trained over the untrained for the first four years after leaving high school, or for one year at the age of 32, would have paid for a four year's course in high school. 6.—Can you afford not to take a high school training? If you are going, can you find so many advantages in any other high school as the Butler High School? JOHN O. HENDERSON, Superintendent of Schools. Put upand Filled - ina Day The first $50 Fir Silo sold in Bates county was erected and filledina day. The owner is proud of it— All who have seen it recommend it. On request we will give you name of owners in Bates county so you can inspect for yourself. A 50 TON SILO FOR $50 You have time if you DO IT NOW SEE US TO-DAY H.C.WY ATT & SON Phone 17—Butler, Mo. FURNITURE CARPETS Undertaker and Embalmer LET US FIGURE WITH YOU V. KNIGHT . Adrian, Missouri J.