The Butler Weekly Times Newspaper, December 21, 1892, Page 11

4 TIMES Supplement. BUTLER, MO., WEDNESDAY, DEC. 21, 1892. MONTHLY BULLETIN Missouri State Board of Agriculture FOR DECEMBER 1892. LEVI CHUBBUCK, Secretary, Columbia, Mo. i | ISVOWON Gorn, product compared with last year. Z a7 Bo 79 Corn, averag per bushel on Ist day of Dee., 1892 ....| 96 | 35 35 Ww olmpared with last year : vee 79 1 69 price per bushel on ist day of Dee., 1892 5 5 54 omnpared With last vear.......... -| 86 73 bushel! on Ist day of Dec., 1592.... 6 | ot h last year on cee) 70 | 37 Verage price het on Ist day of Dee., I a | 28 heat, product ed with last year ot | 50 heat, average yer bu. on Ist day of Di B | 69 Ir statoes, product compared with last year 41 | 35 Ir »tatees, ay. price per bu. on Ist day of De 80 Sweet potatoes, product compared with last year |. 93 | 82 Bwee bes, av. price per bu. on Ist day of Dec., 1892...| 76 | sl | 78 Leaf o, product compared with last year . 89 | 90 | | 36 Leaf to: av. price per ib. op Ist day Of Dec., 1802...... 08) 06) 07; 08 Hay, product compared with last year eae «| 87 82 | | 34 Hay, average price per ton on Ist day of Dec., 18 6.73, 5.76) 5. 06, 6.59 Cotton, product compared with last year CG eee ie | Cotton, average price per pound Dee. 1, 1292. 07 07 Sorghum molasses, product compared with last year.... a | 92 89 Sorghum molasses, av, price per gal. on Ist day of De 30 38 39 36 Winter wheat, area sown compared with fall of 1891 106 108112 10) Winter wheat, average condition Dec. 1, 1892 ..... 9 | 87 95 100 Winter rye, area sown compared with fall of 1891 _- 93 100 | 93 88 Winter rye, avecage condition Dec. 1, 1892 ....... ow | 88 | 89 cd The average yield per acre of all staple crops in Missouri was so much higher than earlier seemed possible that there is a tenden- ey to lose sight of the reduced area, and the tremendous loss in total product which the above table of summaries indicates for the season at closed as compared with the season of 1891, is hard to compre- end without the record of the effect of “wind and weather” for the whole period from seed time to harvest. The reduction in total product is due not so much to lessened yield per acre as to the decrease in acreage rendered necessary by the unprecedented conditions which prevailed from wheat seeding time in the fall of 1891 to early in June of 1892. Wheat.—The wheat plant was injured by the dry winds of early and the freezing and thawing of the late winter; the early spring brought excessive rain, many acres of the best wheat along all streams was submerged, and on flat land throughout the state the plant was drowned out thus lowering the already lessened area. Unfav- erable conditions continued through April but in May the growth was fine. The rank growth continued in June and on rich bottom lands the straw was too heavy for first quality grain. The conditions for harvesting were exceptionally good and the average yield per acre for the state but one bushel below that of last year, but the total loss from both lessened area and yield as compared with the total product of last year is five million bushels. Oats.—The usual area was not sown, the stand was thin, the grain light and straw short and damaged by wet. The estimated de- crease from all causes in total product as compared with last year is eight million bushels. Corn.—The comparatively good price and ready sale of corn induced the farmers to look favorably upon an ine d acreage and the great surplus area, caused by failure to seed wheat, lessened area of oats and the reduced flax acreage, would have been planted in this great staple had the conditions been at all favorable. The excess of rain, however, rendered plowing for corn impossivle until late in the month of May and the bulk of the crop was put in after June 6th, which resulted in the area as compared with that of the preceeding year being much reduced instead of being increased as was anticipated. The climatic conditions of June and July were most favorable to growth which was, however, interrupted by the almost unbroken drought of August. A most favorable September and the absence of a black frost until October 27, almost three weeks later than in the previous season, permitted the corn to mature and an average yield for the state of 28 bushels per acre of good quality coru was obtain- ed. The shrinkage in the total estimated product for the state as = with the total product of 1891 is twenty-four million bush- els. Hay.—The estimated yield per acre for the state of timothy and clover hay was one quarter of aton less per acre and of quality inferior to that of one year ago. Irish Potatoes. —The area planted in Irish potatoes was about equal to an average year but the seed rotted in the ground even after “re-planting,” so the cultivated area was smaller than last year, the yield per acre less than one-half so heavy and the quality ‘not first- class. The estimated total product for the state is five and one-half millions of, bushels short of the total product of 1891. Sweet Potatoes.—In most counties of the state were of excel- lent quality but the yield per acre not equal to that of last season. Tobacco.—In acreage was 22 per cent-less than last year and | the condition relatively low throughout the year. The reduction in the total estimated product for the state as compared with ‘the pro- duct last year was 950,000 pounds. Cotton.—The cotton area was reduced by overflow in the spring and at no period during the season did the estimated condi- tion equal that of an average year. Sorghum Molasses.—In Missouri sorghum cane has never been largely grown asa commercial crop and a portion of the | ac planted last spring was overtaken by weeds or drowned out. here the plant was well cultivated the yield per acre in gal- lons of product was up to an average and of superior quality but the average yield for the state was reduced by the product from badly drained and poorly cultivated fields. Winter wheat.— Wheat seeding was late, soil generally hard and dry ‘and germiuation slow, so that a feeling of discouragement prevades the report, but the estimated average condition is, at this date, 95 as compared with an average condition of 73 on the first day of December a year ago. sown but the average condition is better. USEFUL TABLES FOR STOCK FEEDERS. COMPILED FOR THE MISSOURISTATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE —By— CHAS. P. FOX, B. AGR, ASSISTANT CHEMIST, MISSOURI AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT " STATION, COLUMBLA, Mu. Rule I. Feed animals as much as they can digest without injur- ing their health. Rule If. Feed a “balanced ration,” t. ¢., one in which the com- position is in proportion to their needs. Rule III. Food is required to maintain animal heat; save food by providing warm, but ventilated, shelter for your stock. Rule IV. Stimulate the digestive capacity of your animals by a variety of food, salt, ete. Stock foods are composed of substances usually arranged into | glx groups: 1. Water. The amount varies with kind of food. economic importance. 2. ASH. bustable portions bodgy. a portion of the ash has a manurial value. , food required: Winter Rye.—There is little change in the estimated area | ——————_ 3. PROTEIN. This is the nitrogenous portion of thefood. It is used in the animal economy to form “muscle” and all other nitrogen- ous portions of the body; it also aids in the formation of fat. It is the most valuable ingredient. ? 3 4. Fav. This substance produces animal heat, orisstored up in the body as fat for future use. One pound of fat will produce as much heat as 2 1-2 pounds of carbohydrates. 5. CARBOHYDRATES. This group includes the starches, gums, sugars, etc. They produce fat and heat. 4 6. Freer. This substance has about the same composition a8 the carbohydrates, but is much less digestible; it is but of little value. TABLE 1. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MISSOURI FEED- ING STUFFS. ‘OTP AULLe ‘ad004 dO AWVN Water, pounds in 1 {Dry matter, Pounds in 100. | Ash, pounds in 100. Poundsin | 100 Ibs. *ajayo1d | Pounds digesti- ble in 100 Ibs. | rome fn Cattle Feeding, Orange Judd Ce., New York, price.. ewart's * rr br oe 5 ant? oem ~ oe Winslow's Principles of Agriculture, American Book Co., Cin, Bulletin No. eas Experiment Station, Hano cas . 3, First Annual ‘Report, Vermont Ex, “ Burl Annual Report, Connecticut - New How to Use the Tables. PROBLEM: Construct a proper ration from cotton-seed meal = and corn fodder for a fattening “steer” weighing 1,000 pounds. SoLturion: By Table II. we fiad that an animal of this class requires per day 25 pounds of dry matter containing 2.7 pounds of digestible protein, and 16.3 pounds of digestible carbohydrates or its equivalent. By Table I. we find that one pound of cotton-seed meal far nishes .36 pounds of digestible protein and .51 pounds of digestible carbohydrates and fat (carbohydrates plus fat multiplied by 2. And one pound of corn fodder gives .03 pounds of digestible proteim aud 42 pounds of digestible carbohydrates and fat. From this data the following tableis constructed: iit RATION FOR FATTENING STEERS, Nutritive ratio. Au animal weighing log pounds requires daily. Furnished by 38 pounds of corn fodder * cotton seed meal Pounds in 100 Ibs. Pounds digest! ble in 100 Ibs. WA | Pounds in j 10 tbs, ‘sasBApATOGIB 91Q1989T]p at[9 UIA PapNloUy s} Jaqy et] Jo VOY Pounds digest!- in 100 pounds. | s aeapsqoqano| Pounds in 100 pounds. = £ tL Nutritive ratio. Pounds of Ph phorie acid in one ton. Pounds of Potash in one ton. Pounds of Nitrogen in one ton, | The “nutritive ratio” of a food is the relation of the amount of di- gestible protein to the amount of digestible carbohydrates plus 2 1-2 times the digestible fat contained in the food. That is, for every pound of dizestible protein in the food. ave iy ior example, there are eight pounds vi iai aud heai pivcucers in the form of fat and carbohydrates. To determine the feeding value of a food multiply the number of pounds of digestible protein, fat and carbohydrates in one ton by the current market value of these ingredients. If timothy hay sells for ten dollars per ton the value of the protein and fat will be 3 1-2 cents a pound and the carbohydrates 7-10 of a cent. To determine the true value (as compared with commercial fertilizers) of the manure obtained from a food, multiply the pounds of nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid in one ton by the market value of these chemicals and deduct 35 per cent. This deduction is made for ihe portion taken ap by the animal, waste, etc. TABLE 11. POUNDS OF FOOD REQUIRED BY AN ANIMAL PER DAY. | 2 ee a tale |e, aE le js ]2 é 3 | 2 2 2 8) 3 /aslEs lS ls F KIND OF ANIMAL. a | 6 tao los (22/165 © S Eciles ise Les £ 2 4.)38 |28 |38 pee 2 = 32/58/25 fa = =| & |3° 13" es 18 = Si<|2 |2 |28l2 z = Su lA PSR5 pe lorses at light work 1000 20. 1.2.5 | 9.5:104 | Lto? y Foraen at hens work. wm. fea [128 l'e8 | 1 t6 Miich cows.. 2.5 | 185/04 1to5.4 Growing cattle. 3.3/0.6 | 2.1 | 0.8 104.7 Growing cattle 7 110 1/41 [os ltos Growing cattle. 12, /13 |68 |@3 | 1we Growing pe. 16.8,1.4 9.1 | 0.28) 1to7 Growing ile. 20.4) 1:4 10.3 | 0.26] ltos Fecaine oxen, HE ond ae aa ; to 6.5 ‘atteping oxen, \ a. & wo 5.5 Fattening oxen, 25. | 2.7 (14.8 10.60] 1to6 Growing sheep. 1.6 | 0.18 | 0.87 | 0.65 | 1 to 5.5 Growing sheep. 1.7 | 0.17 | 0.85 O96 158 Growing sheep. 1:7 | 0.16 } 0:35 +9. ltos6 Growing sheep. 1.8 | 0.14 | 0.89) 0.3) LtoT Growing sheep. 1.9 | 9.12 | 0.88/0.03] Ltoa Fattening sheep, 26. f 8. 15.2/6.50| Ttoss Fattening sheep, 24“ B. | 3.5 | 14.4] 0.60] bk to 4.5 Sheep, wool producing...... }2. | 1:2 (v8 'o20] 1ted — Hogs, growing and fatten 21 } 0.38 1.50 Lose Hoge, growing and perenne: 34 10.50 2.50 Ftos Hogs, 3.9 | 0.54 298 1 to 5.5 jogs, growing and fattenin; 4.6 | 0.58 3.47 1to6 jogs, wing 5.2 | 0.62 4.6 16.5 Use weights if possible. If a pair of scales are not to be the following data may be of value in determining the quantity of KIND OF FOOD. Corn Meal... Cotton-Seed Me: Wheat Middlin, Ground Oats Gluten Meai Cracked Cort Whole Oats. ecoeoue reerer Teyerey eSabwon a 16 A forkfal (average) of hay weighs about 13 pounds. A forkful (average) of straw weighs about 10 ponnds, One dozen ears (average) of corn weighs about 10 pounds, One dozen stalks of corn fodder (with corn) weighs about 16 | pounds. Itis ofno | This is the residue left after burning away the com- | It sapplies the mineral ingredients to tne animal | “To determine the live weight of an auimal multiply the girth in inches, immediately back of the shoulders, by the iength in inches from the square of the buitock io the point of the shoulder blade, and divide the product by 144, which will give the number of guper- ficial feet. Ifthe animal has a girth of from 3 to 5 feet, multiply the number of superficial feet by 16, which wil! give the weight of the animal. If the girth is from 5 to 7 feet, multiply by 23,and if from 7 to 9 feet, multiply by 31. Ifless than 3 feet gir h, as in case of small calves, hogs, sheep, ete., multiply by 11. The weight will be :pproximately correct.” The following books should be carefully read and kept for ref- vreuce: ' fuller assortment, and prices of trees are often higher in spring, | ference in color at the base ofatree. Pears can be set two or three | with straw, leaves or any litter which will serve to retain moisture | deep, leaving an open space of 3 to 4 inches all around the trunk, | covering is best. | shortened back to6 or 12 inches, the | when a | dig very large holes and mulch heavily besides. To protect trees ; screen: is used, the latter being more expensive, about $300 per thou- A FEW HINTS ON TREES. READ BY CHAS. TEUBNER AT THE FARMERS’ INSTITUTE IN HIGGINSVILLE, DECEMBER 1, 1892. As the planting of fruit trees is,as it should be, a necessity on — ™ every farm, some advice on this topic briefly put, will Thope be of use to some, if not all of those present. As To SIZE. A well grown 2 yr. old tree, 5 to 6 ft. high, with the limbs branching out 2 1-2 to 3 ft. above ground isa typical one A3 or4 yr. old will do, if carefully planted, but the former has the advantage, everything considered. Z TiME TO PLANT. Fall is the best, excepting perhaps, forstone ~ fruits. Trees planted in the fall have the earth settled about the roots during winter and with the first warm days of spring the sap begins to circulate and the tree will make a start and get a lead in growing from 2 to 3 weeks in advance of those dug up and planted in the spring, thus giving them an early and vigorous growth, which will pull them through a summer drouth to which a sprivg planted tree will ofyen succumb. A vigorous growth during the first year is of vital and far reaching importance. In fall too, nurseries have @ especially on leading varieties. Besides, work is not so rushiug on the farm. If it is not desirable, or if prevented from planting in fall, trees can be “heeled in,” on @ dry spot, by opening a trench and spreading the trees apart so the routs do not lap, and inclining the tops to the south at an gle of 45 degrees. No water must be allowed to stand about the roots. Sot. Give your apple trees the best soil. Pears, peaches, cherries and plums do not require rich soil, but if on poor soil they should be fed. Before planting plow the ground thoroughly, dig large holes, dip the roots in water when planting (this is of the utmost importance) spread the roots and work soil well among them by hand and firm it with the foot, except the last inch of soil. Incline your trees slightly to the southwest, and also place the side having the strongest limbs in the same direction. If the soil is dry, pour in a gallon or two of water as soon as roots are barely covered, first slop- ing the soil so the water runs towards the roots basin shape. All trees except pears, should be planted at about the game depth at which they stood in the nursery, which is shown by the dif- inches deeper. After planting, all trees should be heavily mulched about the roots. This mulch should be put on heavily, 4 or 5 inches to prevent mice from harboring and_ girdling it. at no manure, potatoes, oats, etc., in contact with the roots. Nature's Pruninc. When a tree is planted the limbs should be i ptra b.or leader being left ‘double the Tength of the side limbs. thin off r limbs and if ,one side contains a. preponderance of equs by _prgning. ,From 4 to 6 limbs to,a tree areenough. Go over yonr trees. cd year in May,and June and also later in the season, and rub eff wi the fingers all buds which start to grow out where. no limbs are ’ wanted, om doing away maroon gon me are time and 8 not injure your. trees, as beavy pruning alway Nothing larger than a kutte should be used, except in rare ase or dead limb must be a gag (ot th a saw, and then the wound should be pared smooth with a aharp knife or chisel and coated over with wax, paint or tar, fo prevent Arying and rotting. On rich soil the orchard may be planted to potatoes, tobacco or other hoed crop, or corn, for two orthree years.and then sown down to clover, pert of which should be used every year asa mulch for the trees. Never plant trees ina meadow, or fleld of grain, ‘unless you against mice, rabbits and borers, a cheap wood ven or wire sand. Best varities of apples for home use are: Early Harvest, Red June, Red Astrachan, Maidensblash, Rambo, Grimes Goiden —— Jonathan, Mo. Pippin, Janeton, Winesap, Huntsman and Romanite. Tese ripen in the order named and give a succession lasting almost the yearround. For market the Ben Davis still leads in quality. Next comes Huntsman, Willowtwig and Jonathan. ‘The latter is one of our finest apples both in quality and color, is a rega- lar bearer, a hardy tree and out sells any other variety, but it does not keep longer than about mid winter. Of pears, the Kieffer, Seckel, Duchess and Bartlett are the best. The Kieffer I consider the most valuable pear for this section of the country. It is a vigorous grower, healthy, and an early and pro- lific bearer, large in size, and handsome in appearance. In quality it does not equal the other varieties named yet it is good enon; Of cherries the Early Richmond leads and next the English Mor- rello which is later. May Duke and Late Duke are also good and less acid than the first two named. PEACHES. Cerys egy / Saxe se — Foster, Elber- Stump the Wo to Mixon Cling, way, Newington Cling, Oto Mixon Free, Henrietta and Heath Cling, inouneaes of the best white and yellow flesh varieties, both and cling. Piums. Wild Goose and Damson are the best; for something better in quali* *-* not quite so sure in bearing, the Green Gage aud Lombard are best. Moria: nashould be planted on rather poor soil to do well. In procuring trees, see to it that you get first-class, fresh trees, evenif they coat a little more and buy from @ nursery where you are sure of getting trees true to name. Don’t use poor seed. Don’t use ordinary seed. Use none bat the best seed corn. Seed corn should be thoroughly dry, and never allowed to freeze. is tes. eae et