The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, March 16, 1931, Page 2

THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE, MONDAY, MARCH 16, 1931 Mahatma’ s Bloodless War Wins Limited Dominion for Nationalists GRAVE PROBLEMS [Wins Dominion states STILL LIE AHEAD IN GANDET'S PATH Religious Rioting Staged Sick- ened Soul of Powerful Little Leader RECOMMENDED FAITH IN GOD} Future of Great Dominion Still Uncertain After Forty- Year Battle By MILTON BRONNER (Copyright, 1931, NEA Service, Inc.) Mahatma Gandhi came out of jail in 1924 to find himself a much bigger man than when he went in. ‘The masses of the people believed in him, He had suffered for a cause. He had shown that in his frail body there burned an unquenchable spirit. But during his imprisonment many things had happened to disturb him. When the elections for the first In- dian Assembly had taken place in 1920, Gandhi and his friends boycot- ted the election. But while he was in prison the elections for the second as- * IN HIS THREE PRECEDING STORIES Milton Bronner has told of the dramatic rise of Ma- hatma Gandhi to power among India’s millions as he fought a bloodless war for native freedom. Today, in his final story, Mr. Bronner tells of the successful culmination of that war and Gandhi's still graver problems that lie ahead. sembly took place in 1923 and a con- siderable number of his former fol- lowers decided to run as candidates. Their determination was to work from within by obstructing all legis- lation. They were partially success- ful. Many laws were rejected and were only enacted by the supreme; powers vested in the British govern- ment. H But there was one thing above all! others that distressed the weak little | man who had gone to Juhu to recu- perate from his illness. It was the} lack of unity between India’s Mos- | Jems and Hindus. At one time, Gandhi had brought | about such unity in the fight for in-| dependence. And after he went to jail, he wrote a letter to Hakim Ak- | mal Khan, president of all the Na- tional Indian Congress, adjuring him t2 do all he could to preserve this | unity, so. the Indians could fight side | by side for a great cause. RELIGIOUS RIOTING \ SICKENS GANDHT'S SOUL But such was not to be. The ig-| norant masses got out of hand andj the culmination came in 1924, the very year he was released from pris- on. Moslems and Hindus were at| each others’ throats, especially in the | north of India. Serious conflicts, ac- companied by bloodshed, occurred. Gandhi started for the trouble| scenes, despite the entreaties of his friends and doctors. He had reached Delhi when the worst outrages oc- | curred. Gandhi stopped there and spent! nights and days in prayer, At last he thought he had received from the Supreme Being guidance as to what} he should do. He determined to un- Gertake a 21 days’ fast as an act of penance on behalf of the sins and in- firmities of his people. He published a letter in which he stated the fast was a matter between | himself and God for his own purifi- cation. The news of this determina- tion quickly cooled off the hot heads in the rival religious camps. “HAVE FAITH IN GOD” 1 IS REPLY OF FASTER { Once more his family and friends beseeched him not to undertake a fast which might easily prove fatal, but Gandhi remained obdurate. On the 12th day it was considered a crisis had come. His doctors thought jnis life was in immediate danger and urged him to take food. But this 12th day happened to be one of the days on which he took a vow of silence. To the urging of his doctors, he wrote on a slate: “Have faith in God.” When his friends besought him to listen to reason, he wrote: “You have forgotten the power of Prayer.” He came through triumphantly. He had done his penance. Gandhi returned to his little colony near Ahmadabad and threw all his ener- gies into the spinning wheel cam- Paign. For the time being he was more or less quiescent politically. In November, 1927, the British gov- ernment named the Simon commis- sion to examine into the whole In- dian question and make a report. In December, 1928, the National Congress met at Calcutta and adopted an ul- timatum that unless the British Par- liament accepted a constitution pro- posed by Gandhi's associates, the Nehru brothers, the non-violent, non- cooperation campaign would be re- commenced. This marked Gandhi's formal re-entry into politics. The situation gradually became more tense and in December, 1929, STICKERS HEOeCnhE i Congress would participate in jthe salt tax. Mahatma Gandhi, who has won a dominion status for India but now faces an even greater ask in organizing a modern government in a primitive land, is pictured here in this striking character sketch by Staff Artist Joe King. the National Congress met at Lahore, dropped the Nehru report, claimed complete independence, declared a boycott of all legislatures and launch- ed_a civil disobedience campaign. Following the Simon report, the an Indian round-table conference in and his congress friends decided to boycott the conference and did so. On Jan. 26, 1930, he and his friends celebrated Independence Day. That had a familiar American ring about it. SETS FORTH DEMANDS AN “FOURTEEN POINTS” On Jan. 30 Gandhi did another thing with an American accent. Just as President Woodrow Wilson laid down his 14 points to the enemy dur- ing the World war, so Gandhi issued his 14 points to the government of India. These included abolition of the government salt monopoly with the right of natives to make their own salt; freedom for political prisoners, thousands of whom had gone to jail in India for his cause; abolition of Political prosecutions, etc. Gandhi announced that if Lord Ir- | win, the viceroy, would accept these | points, there would be no civil dis- cbedience and the National Indian any conference where there was perfect freedom of expression. The viceroy refused to accede. Gandhi at once announced that he and his followers would begin their civil disobedience by ignoring Salt being a govern- ment monopoly, a considerable tax was raised thereby. Gandhi prepared a great march to | the sea from Ahmadabad. Arrived at the seashore, they would make their own salt. On April 6, 1930, he broke the salt laws at Dandi. In the mean- time his example was being followed in many other places and shops, where government salt was on sale, were looted. ARRESTED AND JAILED ONCE MORE BY BRITISH Finally on May 5, 1930, the gov- ernment arrested Gandhi. It was not neces%ary to put him on trial, as he had been released before, with a ma- jor part of his former sentence still unserved. He was accordingly jailed at Poona. In the meantime, the Indian round-table conference was held at London and a considerable measure of agreement was found between the clashing interests. But the British | government decided that no positive steps could be taken until the Indians of all faiths and political beliefs could get together further, They realized that nothing could be done so long as they held in jail the most powerful leader in India. Accordingly, Gandhi was again re- leased—in January, 1931. He traveled down to Bombay and was greeted by an enormous and worshiping throng. He was still the crusader for India’s ful attitude. He was willing to talk business with the British viceroy of India—and Lord Irwin was at last willing to listen. The world knows what happened‘ next. On March 4, the gaunt, half- naked leader of India’s millions and the British empire’s viceroy signed the famous truce at New Delhi. Peace had come at last and India ; had achieved the promise of the self- | governing status of a British domin- jon, the details of which are soon to be worked out at a conference. 40-YEAR STRUGGLE ENDS, BUT FUTURE IS GRAVE Gandhi also won his demands for the right of the natives to make salt, thus ending the government mono- eeeee iO @Biiekter Solution on Baltorial Page> | pelvis for the liberation of all politi- except those accused of pony for the return of their con- fiscated property. Britain, on the other hand, was to retain control over the military and financial features of India’s government. Forty years of struggle for the po- litical freedom of his blood brothers of modern ali a vid ly ee ve gov ernment like that of the United ‘tates, More- over, he must unite the Hindus and | British government decided to hold | London early in 1930, But Gandhi | freedom, but he showed a more hope- | Moslems and harmonize their bitter religious differences. He is far too wise to believe his work is finished. He knows full well that it has just begun. (THE END) People’s Forum Editor's Note—The Tribune w: comes letters on subjects of ii terest. Letters dealing with con- troversial religious subjects, which attack individuals unfairly, Thich offend good taste and fair play will be returned to ti writers. All letters MUST be signed. If you wish to use a pseudonym, sign the pseudonym first and your own name beneath it. We will re- spect such requests, We reserve the right to delete such parts of letters as may be necessary to conform to this policy. Editor of The Tribune: I feel the readers of your People’s Forum are entitled to know the facts contained in a statement by W. G. Calderwood, which I am offering herewith. Mr. Calderwood says: “Eleven years of the ‘noble experi-j ment!’ And what has it accomplished up to this time, and under conditions| as they are? A fair question. It shall have a fair answer. “It closed the 177,000 saloons re- maining in~the wet portions of the! nation. Score 1, for Prohibition against the saloons. “It reduced the alcoholic death rate from 5.2 per 100,000 to 3.1. the first three dry years, when the law was reasonably observed, the rate was only 1.8. The highest rate un- der Prohibition was less than the lowest rate under regulation. Score 2, for Prohibition against alcoholism. “It reduced the commitments per capita, for drunkenness 55.7 per cent as shown by the figures of the census bureau. Score 3, for Prohibition and sobriety. “It retarded the criminal tenden- cies of youth. The census: bureau shows a decrease of 43% in commit- ments of offenders under 18, The children’s bureau of the department of labor confirms this tendency, sta- ting that there has been @ in the proportion of young offenders. Official finger print records in New York City show that there were four' times more “first timer” drunks, which are usually. young drunks, be- fore Prohibition than since. Score 4, for Prohibition and Youth. “It has greatly improved conditions in our schools and colleges. J. W. Crabtree, secretary of the National Education association, in a statement issued February 17, 1930, said: “‘Conditions in the high schools) are much better than in 1920, with respect both to drinking and general behavior, ‘This is doubly’ significant in view of the fact that high school enrollment has grown since 1920 from two million to more than five million students—an achievement unparal- leled in any country in all history.’ “In a recent address Prof Clarke of! Yale said: “Prohibition has been a great thing for Yale. The present situation in regard to liquor as compared with the situation of the old times is as day compared to night. I know because T have been on the committee on dis- cipline since 1910. “A poll of college presidents made by the Literary Digest brought the almost unanimous testimony that ‘drinking among the students had | greatly decreased. Score 5, for Pro- | hibition and our schools and centers j of culture. | “It has elevated labor. The U. 6. |burcau of labor reports that a week's wages in Prohibition America will buy | 651 pounds of bread and butter a5 against 240 pounds in Great Britain; 206 in Sweden; 150 in Germany; 127 in France,’ and 125 in Italy. America has had to erect exclusion friend of labor. “It has been a boon The -Department, of Commerce shows that the national income i t . | creased more than five times as fast as the population. Income is what the family lives on. Without it the family must go naked and_ starve. {Since Prohibition, new and better homes. increased 3,500,000, though Food |mumber of families increased | 2,500,000; 9,000,000 additional (ed have been equipped with electricity; For} 6,000,000 more phones installed; 7,- 000,000 additional radio sets have been bought, and 15,000,000 more autos now “The ‘noble experiment’ nobly it achieved in the manifold blessitgs ‘of progress. Men, women and chil- dren are the better for it. Health, been advanced by it. Through and holier realms of social, advanced.” REV. F. W. CHRIST, Wilton, N. D. MURDER 10 YEARS OLD NOW SOLVED Body Fouhd Together With Shell Containing Slip of Paper with Confession San Bernardino, Calif., March 16.— (#)—Officers said Saturday discovery of @ skeleton and an exploded shot- gun shell bearing a confession had! solved the mystery of the disappear- ance of Don Allen, a prospector, 10, years ago. Thomas Stocker found Allen’s grave! and the shell, in Big Bear valley Pri-} day. In anothes shotgun shell was| @ warning to Allen to keep away from a mining claim. The confession read: “I am sorry for the deed I have just finished, but but I warned him. I have the feeling I will never be caught. Here's hope. Here's the ill-fated shell that put away Mr. Allen. Frank J. Laptino.” Investigators were unable to un- cover any trace of Laptino, and resi- dents of the valley said they had not seen him since shortly after Allen disappeared. Fertilizer trials on numerous North | Dakota farms are revealing many ; Soils on which yields of alfalfa, corn, wheat, oats and potatoes may be in- creased by the use of superphosphate. IDR. JAMES KIMBALL it has bestowed on life in every’ ery fie wealth, happiness and culture io "vow ye HONORED FOR HELP TO OCEAN AVIA life in its deeper, higher, esae| Weather Expert Receives Cold] Hd spltitosl: Gayelsneiant hap Ben Medal; Disclaims Any Per- sonal Credit ' New York, March 16,—( James H, Kimball appreciates that gold medal the boys were pinning on him Sautrday. Who's Who will tell you he was consulting meteorologist Phee ,Lind- \bergh, Chamberlin, Byrd, Bertaud, | Brock, Haldeman, Lotti and Yancey ‘before they braved the element8 above th> anneal sit Dr. Kim! will disclaim any per- sonal credit. “Its the weather bureau, not me,” he will say. “Of course, I was the one that came into contact with the boys and they make it The medal to Dr. Kimball is ‘being presented by the International Ligue of Aviators, of which King Albert of Belgium is honorary chairman. also is being received into the league as an honorary member and will be | the first American so honored, Flying the Atlantic, to him, is more than heroic. “The boys who do it will tell_you that it is nothing,” he saz. “Deep down in their hearts they know they have done a great thing, Dr. Kimball has been with the, the first’ meteorologist ever to pre- pare a weather map for transatian- tic flying. He still prepares these maps dally. Pilots waiting to cross the ocean go over the mgps daily with Dr. Kimball. Dr. Kimball never advised pilots to start. His tip was always against starting when bad weather threatened. If he had actual-eontrol of trans- atlantic flying he would insist that |planes be sufficiently efficient and have ample fuel supply to carry them considerably beyond their goals. | | _ As soon as you realize yo tablets of pfs proven directions for colds A COLD u’ve taken cold—take some Almost before your head irin. | can stuff-up, you fa your cold is conquered. Those | aches and pains you felt coming on will soon subside. | Relief is almost instantaneous! | has gained headway, and your temples throb and your very bones ache, these tablets will wes! prompt relief. It is better, of course, to take Bayer As first sneeze or cough—it will head-o! spare you much discomfort. Even if your cold ges at the very f the cold and Get the genuine, with and headaches; neuralgia, | Beuritis, sore throat, and many important uses. BAYER ASPIRIN ‘Aspirin io the trade mark of Bayer Manufacture of Moncsceticacidester of Salicyieneld DODGE DEPENDABILITY -v.|{ SCHOOL NOTES | -@| mittee which recommended that the Cass County Lifts - Country Dance Ban Fargo, N. D., March 16.—%)—The ban on barn and other country dances outside village limits, in effect in Cass county the last six years, has been raised, Frank I. Temple, state’s attorney, said Saturday. The dances were forbidden when trouble was encountered in enforcing prohibition laws. Mr. Temple said &ny future violations would mean the dances again would be banned. CHAPIN Those who were not absent during the sixth month of school which end- ed Marth 6th are Pearl, Zinnia, and Anna Adamyk; Frances Krush, Wil- weather bureau since 1895. He was; WEARS A RICH lie Rogers and Glen Pfieffer. The first five have had perfect attendance the entire term. ‘oung Citizens League elected the following officers at the last bus- iness meeting: President, Frances Krush; vice president, Pearl Adamyk; | ™inim treasurer, Pauline Krush and secre- tary, Glen Pfieffer. John Andrusak, Grace Johnson and Zinnia Adamyk are on the program committee for He] the social meeting. In the tests for last month the fol- lowing received 85 or over: Pauline Krush, spelling and . citizenship; Grace Johnson, spelling and history; Glen Pfieffer, spelling, reading and citizenship; Willie Rogers, spelling; | > Frances Krush, language and spell- ing; Pearl Adamyk, history, language and spelling and Zinnia Adamyk lan- guage. Mrs. W. Backman visited our school ‘Tuesday afternoon. During the drawing periods of last week we made red and yellow tulips for our windows. The first, second and third grade students are making spocs toys. We are studying the following pic- tures, “Boy With Rabbit,” “Oxen riser Be and peeled Money.” poein idy we are | “The Cloud,” “March” and The Years at the Spring.” CHANCE FOR REPEAL OF RING LAW FADES House Refuses to Consider Bill Which Would Repeal Box- ing Statutes St. Paul, March 16.—(#)—The Min- nesota house Friday virtually closed the legislative doors to any effort to repeal the state boxing law. The house refused to reconsider the action of its general legislation com- repeal bill be returned to its author, Rep. Emil Youngdahl, Minneapolis. The committee has unanimously recommended for passage a measure to permit statewide boxing instead of only in three cities. The senate labor committee recom- mended for passage a bill providing for a 48-hour week on highway con- struction work in Minnesota. The bill also contains a provision for a jum wage of 45 cents an hour for common labor on highway work. The house committee on public do- main recommended for passage a bill designed to relieve distress in Aitkin county by authorizing the state to as- sume ditch bonds which that county has been unable to handle. $$ g f At the Movies —?* CAPITOL THEATRE They came by the thousands— “bindle” stiffs, gasoline gypsies, drifters, idlers, honest farm and cow hands—to participate in the “Cimar- ron” land rush staged recently by Radio Pictures on the plains near Quinn's Ranch, 40 miles from Bakers- field, Calif. The picture opens today at the Capitol Theatre. For sheer magnitude there has been nothing like it since the original was staged in Oklahoma in 1839, The it was truly a “gold rush” — warm beds, clothes and food for a few days and money to boot. “Jungle” money for a whole week! For several days, the Jane fires, slumbering in antiquated 5 waiting for the magic call” from Rex Bailey, casting director, to pags inta the promised land—the Wesley Rug- gles Camp. PARAMOUNT THEATRE Joan Crawford presents two ex- tremes in her new Metro-Goldwyn- Mayer talkie, “Dance Fools, Dance,” which opened today at the Para- mount Theatre. In this graphic cross-section of Chicago's underworld, the glamorous star reaches both the eights and depths of the social plane, the most dramatic and gripping role of ‘her, career. It is in every sense a fresh triumph for Miss Crawford and reveals her capabilities as a dramatic star more deeply than any other role she has essayed. Harry Beaumont directed the new Crawford talkie from the story by Aurania Rouverol that belies its title by being perhaps the most fascinating story of all the gangster plots yet to reach the public. Lester Vail, a newcomer, plays op- Posite Joan with charm and a splen- did acquittal of his role. William Bakewell is cast as Joan's brother for whom she makes a tragic sacrifice, and Clark Gable is the sinister gang chieftain. LOSES THUMB IN ACCIDENT Killdeer, N. D., March 16.—Richard Singer, Dunn county farm youth, lost a thumb when his gloved hand was caught in a piece of machinery on the Jack Hausauer farm, three miles north of Dunn Center. The injury was treated by a Killdeer physician. Egg prices are expected to show an improvement the latter part of 1931. —_—_—_—_— modern rush was not for free land, but for a pay check and a chance to appear in the movies. To many, judging by appearances, EE —EE—EeE——————— THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK of Bismarck Affiliated with FIRST BANK STOCK CORPORATION ° {BuUTivivies nee Mothers: COLDS coming ... HAVE MENTHOLATUM READY See now from your favorite drug store. + A New Dodge Six and Eight—with all the qual- ity, stamina acd dependability you expect from . Dedge—plus rare new beauty, new size, comfort and performance—and still remaining at tradi- tional Dodge price-leyels. The New Six, 9815 to $645, The New Eight, *1095 tot 135. Standard Siz,4735 to $935. Standard Eight,£995 to #1095. 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